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high - speed turbines and diamond burs have been the primary choice for tooth preparation to receive direct and indirect dental restorations .
their use requires professional skill , as improper use can cause injuries to dental tissues .
pulpal injury during cavity preparation remains an important concern , since h... | objectives . this study evaluated the influence of cavity surface finishing with diamond burs of different grit mounted on high - speed turbine and ultrasound on the roughness and microshear bond strength ( mbs ) of a lithium silicate glass - ceramic to enamel and dentin . methods .
enamel and dentin specimens were d... |
people with advanced human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) are vulnerable to infections called opportunistic infections ( ois ) because organisms take advantage of the opportunity offered by a weakened immune system . since the beginning of the hiv epidemic , ois have been recognized as common complications of hiv inf... | background : human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) virus , causative agent in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome , is fast becoming a major threat in the indian subcontinent , with an estimated 3.7 million persons being infected with hiv .
hiv infection is complicated by various opportunistic infections ( ois ) such a... |
as a scientist , administrator , and diplomat , david p. rall pioneered the effort to identify and understand the elements that make up the human environment and their consequences for human health .
as an intellectual and aggressive activist , he educated scientists , governments , and the world community to the cri... | |
a 29 year old male was admitted to keimyung university hospital in 1987 with a continous substernal chest pain of three days duration .
he had been previously admitted in because of pain , chills , a tingling sensation and raynaud s phenomenon of the left hand and both feet . at that time
peripheral arterial mappin... | a twenty - nine year old male smoker with a three year history of buerger s disease was admitted with excruciating precordial chest pain .
the electrocardiogram indicated an anterior transmural infarction , and he also exhibited hypereosinophilia.a coronary angiogram disclosed a partial segmental occlusion of the lef... |
temporal arteritis / giant cell arteritis ( gca ) is a systemic immune - mediated vasculitis first described by horton et al .
that affects medium - sized and large - sized arteries , which include main branches of the aorta , its primary and auxiliary arteries , superficial temporal , ophthalmic , posterior ciliary ... | a 75-year - old male patient was planned for dental treatment due to pain of suspected pulpo - periodontal origin in relation to right maxillary first molar .
careful evaluation revealed the pain to be non - odontogenic in nature and led to the diagnosis of temporal arteritis with rheumatoid arthritis along with inte... |
microbial keratitis is an infective process of the cornea with a potentially sight - threatening condition and serious visual impairments ( 1 ) .
untreated or severe keratitis may lead to significant public health problems like perforation of cornea and endophthalmitis ( 2 , 3 ) .
contact lenses are a major cause o... | introduction : microbial keratitis is an infective process of the cornea with a potentially and serious visual impairments .
contact lenses are a major cause of microbial keratitis in the developed countries especially among young people .
therefore , the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the frequency a... |
monoamine oxidase is a flavoprotein located at the outer membrane of mitochondria in neuronal , glial and other cells .
it catalyzes oxidative deamination of monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin , norepinephrine and dopamine and hence is a target enzyme for antidepressant drugs .
in addition , it is also r... | flavoprotein monoamine oxidase is located on the outer membrane of mitochondria .
it catalyzes oxidative deamination of monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin , norepinephrine and dopamine and hence is a target enzyme for antidepressant drugs .
mao ( mono amine oxidase ) has two isoforms , namely mao - a and... |
it is attributed to the production of melanin , a pigment that renders color to the skin and is also an integral part of a protective barrier against ultraviolet radiations from the sun .
their presence in the oral cavity , especially in the gingiva and buccal mucosa is a fairly consistent and well - documented findi... | melanocytes are neural crest derivatives that exhibit a ubiquitous presence in the epidermis .
they determine the complexion of an individual and most importantly , provide a barrier against ultraviolet radiations from the sun .
their presence in the oral cavity is a consistent finding , especially in the gingiva a... |
open radical cystectomy ( orc ) is currently regarded as the gold standard for the management of muscle - invasive bladder cancer , extensive uncontrollable non - muscle - invasive cancer , and refractory carcinoma in situ ( cis ) .
although recent development and refinement of surgical technique has improved postope... | purposerobot - assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy ( rlrc ) is a new option for the treatment of muscle - invasive bladder cancer , and case series for rlrc have been increasing recently .
we report our operative technique and initial experiences with rlrc with extracorporeal urinary diversion.materials and meth... |
a 57-year - old woman visited the thoracic surgery department of the samsung medical center , seoul , for further evaluation of an abnormal finding on lung examination that had been incidentally detected by routine medical check - up .
she denied any past medical history , and routine physical exams and laboratory te... | pulmonary arteriovenous fistula ( pavf ) is abnormally dilated vessels that provide a right - to - left shunt between pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein and is clinically divided into simple and complex type . here
, we report four cases of surgically resected sporadic pavfs presenting various clinical and histologi... |
in order to select dna fragments of interest to be purified , these should be resolved in agarose or acrylamide gels gel stained with ethidium bromide by electrophoresis using 0.5x tbe buffer ( tris borate , edta ) at 120 volts for 1 hour . for this , ~ 700 ng of plasmid pproex - gdmre11s ( 6000-bp ) previously digeste... | purified dna fragments are used for different purposes in molecular biology and they can be prepared by several procedures . most of them require a previous electrophoresis of the dna fragments in order to separate the band of interest .
then , this band is excised out from an agarose or acrylamide gel and purified b... |
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ercp ) is a well - established modality in the management of pancreaticobiliary conditions .
the procedure carries with it several well - recognised complications , as well as other much less common ones such as splenic injury , which can be associated with significant... | splenic injury following endoscopy is a rare but potentially fatal complication .
while this has been found to occur more frequently after colonoscopy , splenic injury following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ercp ) remains highly uncommon since its first reported case in 1989 .
indeed , there hav... |
the outbreak was reported in july 2010 in bom jesus do tocantins county ( 52 60s , 483636w ) , par state , in the amazon region of brazil ( figure 1 , appendix ) .
bom jesus do tocantins county ( black ) in par state ( gray ) , brazil , where an outbreak of bovine vaccinia occurred in 2010 .
dairy cattle and worker... | in 2010 , vaccinia virus caused an outbreak of bovine vaccinia that affected dairy cattle and rural workers in par state , brazil .
genetic analyses identified the virus as distinct from bean58058 vaccinia virus ( identified in 1960s ) and from smallpox vaccine virus strains .
these findings suggest spread of autoc... |
hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver , the sixth most common cancer ( 749,000 new cases each year ) , and the third cause of cancer - related death worldwide . in the western world
, most cases of hcc develop within an established background of chronic liver disease and ... | hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver accounting for 7% of all cancers worldwide .
most cases of hcc develop within an established background of chronic liver disease .
for that reason , liver resection is only possible in selected patients .
liver transplantation has... |
lung cancer remains the most lethal cancer , with over 160,000 annual deaths in the usa alone.1 over the past decade , the discovery of driver mutations has changed the landscape for the treatment of non - small - cell lung cancer ( nsclc).2 targeted therapies against epidermal growth factor receptor ( egfr ) or anapla... | lung cancer remains the most lethal cancer , with over 160,000 annual deaths in the usa alone . over the past decade
, the discovery of driver mutations has changed the landscape for the treatment of non - small - cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) . targeted therapies against epidermal growth factor receptor ( egfr ) or ana... |
aphasia , impaired communication ability that usually occurs in patients with left middle cerebral artery ( lmca ) stroke , is associated with high mortality , significant motor impairment , and severe limitations in social participation [ 15 ] .
while 1/3 of new strokes have aphasia as one of its symptoms , the prog... | summarybackgroundaphasia affects 1/3 of stroke patients with improvements noted only in some of them .
the goal of this exploratory study was to provide preliminary evidence regarding safety and efficacy of fmri - guided excitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( rtms ) applied to the residual left - h... |
breast cancer ( bc ) is a malignant tumor that originates from healthy mammary gland cells .
bc is most frequent among women aged between 50 and 70 , 1 - 3 .
it affects one in eight women on average and is the most common type of cancer among women , 1 - 3 .
about one million new cases of bc are diagnosed each ye... | in this article , the use of different types of thermotherapies to treat breast cancer is reviewed .
while hyperthermia is most commonly used as an adjuvant in combination with radiotherapy , chemotherapy , targeted therapy or cryotherapy to enhance the therapeutic effect of these therapies , thermoablation is usuall... |
anaesthetic management of a pregnant patient with an intracranial space occupying lesion ( sol ) requires modification of neuroanaesthetic and obstetric practices , which have competing clinical goals to achieve the optimal safety of both mother and foetus .
maternal alterations during pregnancy may complicate the an... | intracranial space occupying lesion [ sol ] during pregnancy presents several challenges to the neurosurgeons , obstetricians and anaesthesiologists in not only establishing the diagnosis , but also in the perioperative management as it requires a careful plan to balance both maternal and foetal well - being .
it req... |
mutant mice either in the mixed c57bl/6 129 background or pure 129 background were maintained in specific pathogen
the surgical procedure was performed as described ( 15 ) . in brief , mice were anesthetized by avertin ( 0.2 ml of 2.5% solution per 10 g body wt ) , and a 0.5-cm midline incision was made in t... | to evaluate the role of natural immunoglobulin ( ig)m in the immediate response against microbial infection , we tested mutant mice that are deficient in secreted ( s)igm in an acute peritonitis model induced by cecal ligation and puncture ( clp ) .
20% of wild - type mice died within 32 h of clp , whereas 70% of s... |
oxidative stress has been defined as the cellular imbalance of prooxidants versus antioxidants that overwhelms the cell 's capacity to scavenge the oxidative load and contributes to the pathogenesis of various diseases .
reactive oxygen species ( ros ) are free radicals derived from molecular oxygen that play a key r... | the formation of reactive oxygen species ( ros ) is a result of incomplete reduction of molecular oxygen during cellular metabolism .
although ros has been shown to act as signaling molecules , it is known that these reactive molecules can act as prooxidants causing damage to dna , proteins , and lipids , which over ... |
a severe ocular injury sometimes results in an anterior segment anomaly and a posterior segment disturbance , simultaneously .
a variety of corneal injuries can cause an opaque cornea that impedes the visualization of the fundus during vitreoretinal surgery . for this circumstance ,
an endoscopy - assisted vitrecto... | in this case series of 74 patients with coexisting vitreoretinal injury and severe corneal opacification , after temporary keratoprosthesis ( tkp ) assisted pars plana vitrectomy ( ppv ) , an allograft corneal transplant was not performed at the same time ; instead , the patient 's trephined corneal button was sutured ... |
tooth development involves a complex interaction of physiologic growth processes and morphologic stages to achieve tooth 's final form and structure .
prevalence of supernumerary teeth ranges from 0.1% to 3.6% of which mesiodens comprise one - third . incidence of mesiodens of 1.6% and distribution of 87% , 12% , and... | mesiodens is the most common type of supernumerary teeth found in the premaxilla between the two central incisors .
early and proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan is critical in eluding the extent of treatment needed .
this case report presents the successful orthodontic and esthetic management of an unu... |
giant cavernous hemangiomas ( gch ) , measuring more than 6 cm , may harbor unique radiological findings of tumefactive appearance , including mass - effect , midline shift , perilesional edema , and contrast enhancement , with a conspicuous absence of calcifications .
such a radiological finding in a child with ra... | this study reports two children , including a 2-month - old infant , harboring giant cavernous hemangiomas ( gch ) in the supratentorial compartment , causing raised intracranial pressure and focal deficits .
relevant demographic details , clinical presentation , and radiological findings of gch are discussed in ligh... |
dementia is a growing problem , affecting over 800,000 people in the united kingdom at an annual cost of 23 billion .
informal care by friends and family accounts for 55% ( 12bn ) of this cost ; this would have to be covered by health and social services , if carers were unable to cope .
the number affected by de... | background . in an ageing population , many individuals find themselves becoming a carer for an elderly relative .
this qualitative study explores aspects of quality of life affected by caring for a person with dementia , with the aim of identifying whether capability based questionnaires are suitable for measuring c... |
they were isolated from a herbaceous perennial plant called peganum harmala family ( zygophillacea)-(syrian rue or harmal ) ( 1).the plant had been used extensively in the traditional medicine of middle east , india , china and africa as emmenagogue , hallucinogen , snuff , abortifacient , antidepressant , anti - infla... | background : nowadays , scourge of malaria as a fatalistic disease has increased due to emergence of drug resistance and tolerance among different strains of plasmodium falciparum .
emergence of chloroquine ( cq ) resistance has worsened the calamity as cq is still considered the most efficient , safe and cost effect... |
in the activation measurements using the nuclear reactor , the neutron capture reaction rates are the product of the neutron flux at the sample position and the neutron capture cross - section of irradiation nuclide .
the neutron capture cross - section at particular neutron energy is the probability that a neutron a... | the neutron temperature is a characteristic parameter in irradiation channels of reactor . for nuclides which have resonances in the thermal neutron energy range ,
their westcott g - factors are different from unity .
the values of g - factors and cross - sections of ( n , ) reaction of these nuclides are temperat... |
this was a prospective observational study of patients attending the department of endocrinology at pusan national university hospital .
the study was conducted with the approval of the institutional review board of pusan national university hospital .
a total of 264 korean type 2 diabetic patients were consecutive... | objectivethe aim of this study was to evaluate the association of urinary cystatin c , a tubular damage marker , with the progression of type 2 diabetic nephropathy.reserch design and methodsthe baseline values of serum and urinary cystatin c were measured as primary parameters and those of urinary nonalbumin protein (... |
primary effusion lymphoma ( pel ) is a rare form of non - hodgkin 's lymphoma characterized by malignant fluid accumulation in the absence of lymphadenopathy . typical sites of accumulation include pleural , pericardial , and ascites fluid .
pel is associated with immunodeficiency states such as acquired immunodefici... | we present a 71-year - old female with human herpes virus 8 ( hhv8)-unrelated primary effusion lymphoma ( pel)-like lymphoma .
dyspnea and pericardial effusion led to pericardiocentesis , diagnosing diffuse large b - cell lymphoma .
she underwent positron emission tomography / computed tomography ( pet / ct ) , whi... |
autism spectrum disorders ( asd ) are lifelong conditions severely impairing social skills and autonomy . according to the fifth edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders ( dsm-5 ) ,
asd core features are : persisting deficits of social communication and interaction ; restricted and repetit... | the fifth edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders ( dsm-5 ) introduced significant changes in the classification of autism spectrum disorders ( asd ) , including the abolition of the diagnostic subcategories proposed by dsm - iv - text revision .
dsm-5 describes three levels of increasing... |
eating disorders were described in the early descriptions of patients with asperger syndrome.1 asperger syndrome is a serious and chronic neurodevelopmental disorder , which is presently defined by social deficits , restricted interests , and relative preservation of language and cognitive ability.2 in diagnostic and s... | eating disorders frequently occur in conjunction with autism spectrum disorders , posing diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties .
the comorbidity of anorexia nervosa and asperger syndrome is a significant clinical complication and has been associated with a poorer prognosis .
the authors are presenting the cases o... |
blunt trauma includes road traffic crash ( rtc ) , altercation , industrial / occupational accidents , sports , and falls . penetrating injuries are results of gunshots , missiles , stabbing , and explosions .
pathological diseases such as tumors , osteomyelitis , cysts , osteoradionecrosis may also contribute to fac... | background : facial fracture is gradually become a public health problem in our community due to the attendant morbidity and mortality .
hence , the aim of this study was to determine the pattern of facial fracture in dental and maxillofacial surgery department of usmanu danfodiyo university teaching hospital .
thi... |
iniencephaly is a rare birth defect having retroflexion of the head combined with severe distortion of the spine .
based on the presence or absence of encephalocele , lewis has classified iniencephaly into two groups - iniencephaly apertus and iniencephaly clausus .
cardiovascular disorders , diaphragmatic hernias ... | iniencephaly is a rare neural tube defect characterized by extreme retroflexion of the head with the absence of neck due to spinal deformities .
the important features that help us to diagnose a case of iniencephaly are occipital bone deficit leading to enlarged foramen magnum , fusion of malformed cervical and thora... |
if mitochondrial deficiency causes insulin resistance it must occur before the onset of the insulin resistance . it does not seem possible to answer the question of whether or not mitochondrial deficiency precedes insulin resistance in humans , because t2 dm patients and obese insulin resistant individuals are insulin ... | based on evidence that patients with type 2 diabetes ( t2 dm ) , obese insulin - resistant individuals , and lean insulin - resistant offspring of parents with t2 dm have 30% less mitochondria in their muscles than lean control subjects , it appears to be widely accepted that mitochondrial
deficiency is responsible ... |
for survival and reproduction , the body has developed an intricately balanced system to efficiently control energy homeostasis at multiple levels . in short
, the brain continually monitors the systemic metabolic state and adjusts behavior , as well as humoral and neuronal outputs to peripheral effector organs , to ... | one of the side effects of our modern lifestyle is a range of metabolic diseases : the incidence of obesity , type 2 diabetes and associated cardiovascular diseases has grown to pandemic proportions .
this increase , which shows no sign of reversing course , has occurred despite education and new treatment options ,... |
construction , expression , and purification of recombinant prion proteins construction of rprp n - terminal deletion mutants rprp5190 and rprp32121 , heterologous expression in escherichia coli , and further purification of the constructs and full - length rprp by high affinity column refolding followed previously de... | conversion of the cellular prion protein ( prpc ) into its altered conformation , prpsc , is believed to be the major cause of prion diseases .
although prp is the only identified agent for these diseases , there is increasing evidence that other molecules can modulate the conversion .
we have found that interactio... |
interferon therapy which is used in hepatitis c therapy can activate one apha hydroxylase inside the macrophage and that can result in hypercalcemia .
we think that internists should be aware of this rare but very serious complication of interferon therapy .
a 48-year - old saudi male patient presented to our emerg... | interferon is being increasingly used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis c. several case reports have suggested an association between interferon therapy and sarcoidosis with hypercalcemia .
we report a case of severe hypercalcemic crisis with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy in a male patient who was receiving int... |
the three main causes of anaemia are blood loss , lack of red blood cell production , and high rates of red blood cell destruction .
blood loss is the most common cause of anaemia , especially iron - deficiency anaemia ( ida ) . between 2 and 5% of
adult men and postmenopausal women in the developed world have ida ... | introduction .
a paraoesophageal hernia ( ph ) may be one reason for iron - deficiency anaemia ( ida ) but is often overlooked as a cause .
we aimed to assess the incidence and resolution of transfusion - dependent ida in patients presenting for hiatal hernia surgery .
methods .
we analysed a prospective databa... |
the clinical presentation of these patients is varied , ranging from headache and focal neurological deficits to personality changes and/or mental deterioration , including memory loss , inattention , confusion , hallucination , and hyperphagia . as a result , these patients are often confused with encephalitis and its... | bilateral thalamic tumors are rare . pediatric bilateral thalamic glioblastomas are even rarer , only five cases reported in the english literature till date
. the clinical presentation , natural history , and prognosis of pediatric thalamic tumors are still relatively obscure . in this article
, we report an 8-yea... |
genetic studies of human diseases have been marked by an explosion in the number of susceptibility loci identified through genome wide association studies ( gwas ) in the past several years .
similar to other complex disorders , neuropsychiatric diseases , too , had a share of their genetic risk loci discoveries , wi... | uncovering the genetic risk and protective factors for complex diseases is of fundamental importance for advancing therapeutic and biomarker discoveries .
this endeavor is particularly challenging for neuropsychiatric diseases where diagnoses predominantly rely on the clinical presentation , which may be heterogeneou... |
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy ( swl ) has been the most common treatment of choice , especially for small renal stones ( < 2 cm ) , since its introduction by chaussy et al .
the effectiveness of swl on kidney stones varies from 69.5% up to 99% [ 2 - 4 ] .
failure to fragment by swl could result in unnecessa... | purposethe aim of this study was to evaluate possible predictive variables for the outcome of shock wave lithotripsy ( swl ) of renal stones in a single center.materials and methodsbetween march 2008 and march 2010 , a retrospective review was performed of 115 patients who underwent swl for solitary renal stones .
th... |
complexity of a human
biological system typically allows its relations to be expressed only in a
nonlinear way . because of this complexity
diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of
endogenous insulin allowing excessive amount of glucose to stay in blood . in
general ,
blood glucose is transformed into e... | we survey blood glucose control schemes for insulin - dependent diabetes therapies and systems .
these schemes largely rely on mathematical models of the insulin - glucose relations , and these models are typically derived in an empirical or fundamental way . in an empirical way , the experimental insulin inputs and ... |
germ cell tumors often complicate uncorrected cryptorchidism with an incidence of 9.8% reported by martin .
occurrence of pure yolk sac tumor however is uncommon in the undescended testis with only a few cases reported in literature .
we present a case of yolk sac tumor in a 2-year - old boy in the undescended test... | yolk sac tumor is the most common germ cell tumor in infants and children .
majority of them arise in the gonads .
yolk sac tumor of undescended testis has been rarely diagnosed .
we present a case of yolk sac tumor in right undescended testis in a 2-year - old child primarily diagnosed by fine needle aspiration ... |
incomplete regression of the mammary ridges may result in aberrant breast tissue , which can be classified based on its components . among the various types of breast choristoma , ectopic breast tissue , comprised of only glandular tissue without a nipple or areola ,
although ectopic breast tissue does not have a sec... | ectopic breast tissue can occur anywhere along the incompletely regressed mammary ridge . among the various types of breast choristoma , ectopic breast tissue , which has only glandular tissue without a nipple or areola ,
is most commonly detected in axillary areas .
however , ectopic breast cancer is often not det... |
the broadband dielectric spectroscopy ( bds ) is considered as a promising method for monitoring biological properties of cells [ 14 ]
. the bds monitoring can give the information on membrane capacitance , cytoplasmic conductivity and permittivity and the cell shape and structure .
the effect of physical and chemi... | results of broadband dielectric spectroscopy ( bds ) in saccharomyces cerevisiae ( baker s yeast ) , in situ as the function of pressure are presented .
they show a clear evidence of a threshold to the new pattern of the pressure evolution of the static dielectric permittivity and dc electric conductivity already for... |
coronary artery disease ( cad ) is one of the most common causes of death and disability worldwide ( zaman et al . , 2000 )
. genetic predisposition and interaction with a host of environmental ( endogenous and exogenous ) factors can cause the disease . among the risk factors predisposing to cad are hypertension , o... | dna and chromosomal damage in peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with coronary artery disease ( cad ) were investigated by using the single cell gel electrophoresis assay /comet and cytokinesis- block micronucleus ( cbmn ) assays , respectively .
the case - control study comprised patients with cad ( n = 46 ; av... |
in the complex mechanisms of the functional regulation of genome , the spatial distribution of dna loci plays a key role .
actually , the genome nuclear architecture deeply affects genes transcription status and can determine the success or the failure of several cellular processes [ 18 ] .
a vital , nontrivial g... | the recognition and pairing of specific dna loci , though crucial for a plenty of important cellular processes , are produced by still mysterious physical mechanisms .
we propose the first quantitative
model from statistical mechanics , able to clarify the interaction allowing such dna cross - talk
events .
s... |
the influenza pandemic of 19181920 was the most lethal natural event in recorded human history . within a few months ,
the influenza a / h1n1 pandemic spread worldwide and killed 4080 million people .
,
during the pandemic , influenzarelated mortality increased in all affected populations ; however , it markedl... | please cite this paper as : shanks et al .
( 2012 ) epidemiological isolation causing variable mortality in island populations during the 19181920 influenza pandemic . influenza and other respiratory viruses 6(6 ) , 417423 .
background during the 1918 pandemic period , influenzarelated mortality increased worldw... |
the term parkinson 's disease refers to a neurodegenerative disease that affects several regions of the brain , including the pigmented nuclei in midbrain and brainstem , the olfactory tubercle , the cerebral cortex , and elements of the peripheral nervous system .
parkinson 's disease was first described in a medi... | parkinson 's disease ( pd ) is one of the neurodegenerative diseases which we can by certainty identify its pathology , however , this confidence disappeares when talking about the cause
. a long history of trials , suggestions , and theories tried linking pd to a specific causation . in this paper
, a new suggesti... |
injuries in classical ballet are common and often challenging to treat for a number of reasons .
many practitioners do not understand the physical demands of the sport or the terminology describing the common mechanisms of over use .
classical ballet dancers subject themselves to repetitive loads that require progr... | anterior impingement is a common problem in dancers occurring primarily secondary to the repetitive forced ankle dorsiflexion inherent in ballet .
symptoms generally occur progressively and may respond to conservative treatment including addressing biomechanical faults that contribute to the problem .
as impingemen... |
a 57-year - old hiv - positive man was admitted to general internal medicine after presenting with acute - onset retrosternal chest pain accompanied by a 24 h history of fever .
apart from longstanding hiv infection , his medical history was significant for charcot - marie - tooth disease with a chronic ulcer on his ... | the authors of this article report a case involving a 57-year - old man with longstanding hiv infection who presented with fever and acute chest pain , which was determined to be caused by an infection of the manubriosternal joint .
the course of treatment is described and a literature review summarizing the publishe... |
post - herpetic neuralgia is a serious complication of herpes zoster that causes critical pain to patients even after skin lesions have healed .
epidural blocks are achieved either by single injection of local anesthetic through the epidural needle or as continuous block by infusion pump through an epidural catheter ... | epidural block is achieved either by single injection of local anesthetic through an epidural needle or as a continuous block by infusion pump through an epidural catheter .
complications associated with epidural catheters include breakage , entrapment , and knotting .
knotting of epidural catheters is very rare , ... |
approximately 3.7%7.5% of the total number of breast cancer patients diagnosed each year in the us [ 1 , 2 ] and western europe [ 35 ] are younger than 40 years . in saudi arabia , the proportion of breast cancer patients 40 years at diagnosis is dramatically larger with 25.1% .
multiple retrospective series and subs... | background .
this study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of prognostic factors on the locoregional failure - free survival of early breast cancer patients .
methods . in this single - institutional study
, 213 breast cancer patients were retrospectively analysed .
fifty - five of 213 patients were 40 years... |
however , insufficient body water
due to continuous dehydration caused by prolonged exercise leads to a decrease in plasma
volume and cardiac output and an increase in plasma osmolarity and core temperature1 , 2 .
furthermore , inefficient heat dispersion caused by a decreased rate of blood flow to the
skin can... | [ purpose ] the present study investigated the effects of wearing germanium - coated
functional clothing on tympanic temperature , thermal sensation , heat shock protein 70
( hsp70 ) , and lactate during endurance exercise . [ subjects and methods ] nine healthy and
untrained male subjects were enrolled .
subje... |
a 70 year old woman first visited our clinic for right hand bradykinesia and gait disturbance unresponsive to levodopa treatment . at age 67 , she started to feel clumsiness in her right hand and to walk with very short stride and festination .
her gait disturbance rapidly worsened until she was unable to walk withou... | parkinson s disease is a principal underlying disease of neuroleptic malignant syndrome ( nms ) occurring in parkinsonian disorders , but nms may occur in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy .
we report first patient with corticobasal degeneration ( cbd ) who developed nms after a... |
abstracting data from electronic medical records , we retrospectively selected a sample of adult inpatients who received insulin at boston medical center , most of whom had a diagnosis of diabetes , admitted between 1 july 2005 and 31 december 2009 .
diabetes was defined by any one of the following : 1 ) administrati... | objectiveto determine the association of weight - based insulin dose with hypoglycemia in noncritically ill inpatients with diabetes.research design and methodswe performed a retrospective , case - control study of 1,990 diabetic patients admitted to hospital wards .
patients with glucose levels < 70 mg / dl ( case s... |
the receptor apj remained orphan until 1998 , when tatemoto and his coworkers isolated its endogenous ligand from bovine stomach extract .
they isolated a 36-amino - acid peptide which was named apelin ( from apj endogenous ligand ) .
apelin exists in at least three forms , consisting of 13 , 17 , or 36 amino acids... | objective . highlighting
the apelin system would present a new therapeutic target for liver disease .
apelin ; endogenous ligand for the orphan receptor apj , was recently suggested to be associated with fibrosis progression and cirrhosis in addition to insulin resistance ( ir ) and inflammation .
the present stu... |
artery - ureteral fistula ( auf ) is a relatively rare but life - threatening condition because of the potential of massive hemorrhage and hematuria . risk factors for auf include previous abdominal vascular surgery , previous extensive and radical oncologic treatment in the pelvis and chronic ureteral stenting .
bec... | artery ureteral fistula ( auf ) is a rare condition but there is an increase in the number of reported cases .
it is frequently difficult to treat .
a 63-year - old male who had undergone a dacron y - graft placement for an infrarenal aortic aneurysm 3 years earlier , presented with hematuria .
contrast - enhanc... |
1 . perithecia , antheridia and axis of receptacle produced at the second or third layer of receptacle ... euphoriomyces agathidii 1 ' .
perithecia , antheridia and axis of receptacle produced on the third layer of receptacle ... 2
2 .
thallus with a single perithecium , antheridium and only the primary axes with... | three species of the genus euphoriomyces ( laboulbeniales ) were found newly from korea .
e. agathidii ( maire ) tavales was collected from agathidium sp .
( leiodidae , coleoptera ) .
the characteristic traits of this species are the distal portion of the primary axis composed of 5~11 superposed layers and beari... |
oral squamous cell carcinoma ( oscc ) is the most common type of tumor in the oral cavity .
the majority of the tumors are locally advanced and have relatively poor prognosis with 5 years survivals < 50 - 60% . at present , the standard of care for resectable locally advanced oscc is the surgical treatment of the pri... | the standard of care treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma ( oscc ) at present , consist of surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy as indicated . despite recent
advances the overall prognosis remains guarded .
role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is being explored with premise of red... |
many reports have demonstrated that gene polymorphisms of the renin - angiotensin system ( ras ) are associated with hypertension .
there have been some reliable reports about susceptible genes for hypertension including the results from the millennium genome project for hypertension in japan ( 2000~2005 ) [ 1 , 2 ]... | we performed a prospective study to examine the genetic effect on the response to a calcium ( ca ) channel blocker , azelnidipine and an ace inhibitor , temocapril treatment in patients with hypertension , as a part of the prior clinical trial , the azelnidipine and temocapril in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabe... |
factors adversely affecting short term survival include impaired consciousness , leg weakness and increasing age . on the other hand , long term survival
the pattern of survival is changing with time in many populations with gradual improvement of survival and decrease in mortality.3 review of the literature suggests... | background : prognosis of stroke has been studied in various population .
factors adversely affecting short term survival include impaired consciousness , leg weakness and increasing age.aim of the study : in this study , the prognostic effects of age , sex , hypertension , diabetes mellitus and presentation in coma ... |
the elderly appear to be one of the fastest growing population groups worldwide . never before in human history has our planet included such a large percentage of old people .
only 5.4% of the population . in the year 2000 , people older than 65 years represented 12.4% of the population and this number is expected to... | recent demographic trends indicate that older people appear to be one of the fastest growing population groups worldwide . in the year 2000 , people older than 65 years represented 12.4% of the population .
this number is expected to rise to 19% by 2030 , particularly in developed countries . therefore , there is sus... |
diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the u.s . and is widely considered a forthcoming global epidemic ( 1 ) .
it is more prevalent in certain vulnerable subgroups , particularly in african americans and latinos and those of lower socioeconomic status ( ses ) . additionally , there are significant racial ... | objectivethe patient - centered medical home has gained much traction .
little is known about the relationship between the model and specific health care processes for chronic diseases such as diabetes .
this study assesses the impact of features of a medical home on diabetes care.research design and methodsa cross... |
non - alcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) is one of the main causes of the liver disease in the world .
the disease comprises a range of damages , from mild abnormal hepatic triglyceride accumulation , simple steatosis , to non - alcoholic steatohepatitis ( nash ) , which may lead to brosis and even irreversible ... | backgroundthere is growing evidence that deficiencies observed in the mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) functions could play an important role in the pathogenesis of non - alcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) .
we hypothesized that genetic variations in mtdna could affect the mitochondrial function and contribute to the... |
oral health is an integral part of general health . with the life expectancy increasing to 66.8 years1 among the indian population ,
the role oral health plays in improving the quality of a person s life can not be overstated . over the last five decades , there has been a steady increase both in the prevalence and i... | background : the oral disease burden in india is showing a steady increase in the recent years .
utilization of dental care being the major factor affecting the oral health status of the population is used as an important tool in oral health policy decision - making and is measured in terms of the number of dental vi... |
the increased attractiveness to infectious mosquitoes coupled with transient depression in cell - mediated immunity increases pregnant women 's susceptibility to malaria and its adverse birth - related outcomes .
each year , more than 30 million pregnancies at risk of malaria occur in sub - saharan africa .
the... | intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy with sulphadoxine - pyrimethamine ( sp - iptp ) is widely used to reduce the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes . as a monitor for continued effectiveness of this intervention amidst sp resistance , we aimed to assess malaria burden among pregnant women who... |
first - year , undergraduate women living on campus ( n = 5,978 ) were eligible to participate in the body project program through their on - campus residential hall .
a total of 430 women signed up to participate in the program across fall and spring semesters of one academic year . during the implementation of th... | abstractthe objective of this study getting individuals to participate in eating disorder prevention programs is difficult yet crucial for dissemination efforts .
little research has investigated what incentive strategies can be particularly efficacious , and even less is published on their cost - effectiveness .
... |
alkaptonuria ( aku ) is a rare hereditary autosomal recessive disease characterized by a defect in the gene which codes for homogentisate-1 , 2 dioxygenase resulting in the metabolic disorder of the aromatic amino acids , phenylalanine and tyrosine7 ) .
the enzyme - homogentisic acid oxidase catalyzes the conversion ... | ochronosis is a musculoskeletal manifestation of alkaptonuria , a rare hereditary metabolic disorder occurs due to the absence of homogentisic acid oxidase and leading to various systemic abnormalities related to deposition of homogentisic acid pigmentation ( ochronotic pigmentation ) .
the present case reports the c... |
patients presenting to the out - patient department of psychiatry , s.c.b . medical college ,
cuttack from july 2006 to june 2007 , diagnosed as schizophrenia using international classification of diseases 10 , clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines , ( icd-10 criteria ) and were in the acute phase were enro... | objective : to find the association of patient characteristic and psychopathology with quality of life in acute phase of schizophrenia.materials and methods : socio - demographic variables of patient , psychopathology and quality of life were assessed .
spearman 's correlation coefficients were measured using spss ve... |
kawasaki disease ( kd ) is an acute systemic vasculitis of unknown cause that occurs primarily in children and rarely in adults . in the absence of specific laboratory tests ,
we report an unusual case of an elderly man with several unique features of incomplete kd .
a 75-year - old white man was admitted to our ho... | kawasaki disease ( kd ) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology , affecting predominantly young children . here
, we describe an unusual case of a 75-year - old man with several unique features of incomplete kd .
healthcare professionals should therefore be aware of the importance of considering kd at any age ... |
being a primary care professional ( pcp ) means being at the forefront of managing chronic , complex , and difficult areas of health . working with patients who have cancer , those who are dying and those who experience or have experienced family and/or sexual violence can be difficult and emotionally confronting . in ... | primary care professionals ( pcps ) are increasingly being expected to identify and respond to family and sexual violence as the chronic nature and severity of the long - term health impacts are increasingly recognized .
this discussion paper reports the authors ' expert opinion from their experiences running interna... |
behet 's disease ( bd ) is an inflammatory disorder of undetermined aetiology , which is recently and unanimously recognized as both autoimmune and autoinflammatory disease . indeed , many of its classical manifestations and the characteristics of the recurrent course overlap with those of monogenic autoinflammatory di... | behet 's disease ( bd ) is a multisystemic disorder of unknown etiology characterized by the
triple symptom complex consisting of recurrent oral aphthosis , genital ulcers , and chronic relapsing bilateral uveitis .
recurrent mucocutaneous lesions are generally considered the hallmark of the disease , being the mo... |
meconium aspiration syndrome ( mas ) is defined as respiratory distress in an infant born through meconium - stained amniotic fluid ( msaf ) with characteristic radiological changes and whose symptoms can not be otherwise explained . because meconium is rarely found in the amniotic fluid prior to 34 weeks ' gestation
... | meconium aspiration syndrome ( mas ) is a common cause of severe respiratory distress in term infants , with an associated highly variable morbidity and mortality . mas results from aspiration of meconium during intrauterine gasping or during the first few breaths .
the pathophysiology of mas is multifactorial and in... |
estimates were made of the proportion of chemicals that were carcinogenic , anticarcinogenic , or either in 397 long - term bioassays conducted by the national toxicology program ( ntp ) .
the estimates were obtained from the global pattern of p - values obtained from statistical tests applied to individual experimen... | |
food additives are widely used in foodstuffs to prevent from spoilage and improve color , flavor , and texture of foods . however
, these additives in foods may affect individuals who are sensitive with some type of allergy , asthma , and hay fever .
consequently , authorities have set threshold values for acceptab... | box - behnken design was applied to optimize high performance liquid chromatography ( hplc ) conditions for the simultaneous determination of potassium sorbate , sodium benzoate , carmoisine , allura red , ponceau 4r , and caffeine in commercial soft drinks .
the experimental variables chosen were ph ( 6.07.0 ) , flo... |
sacral fractures are complex injuries that rarely occur in isolation,1
2
3 and therefore they often require a multidisciplinary treatment approach including orthopedic trauma surgeons and spine surgeons ( either orthopedic surgeons or neurosurgeons ) .
many classifications have been proposed for sacral fractures ... | study design survey study .
objective to determine the global perspective on controversial aspects of sacral fracture classifications .
methods while developing the aospine sacral injury classification system , a survey was sent to all members of aospine and aotrauma .
the survey asked four yes - or - no quest... |
a 70-year - old man complained of a calloused right hemiscrotum for three weeks and pain for 24 h. in the previous year , the patient had tongue cancer that required surgical removal .
examination of the patient s social history revealed that he had retired 10 years previously and had since lived with his wife .
a ... | fournier s gangrene is a necrotizing infection of the scrotal region , and is typically caused by exterobacteriaceae and anaerobic bacteria .
this report describes a case involving a 70-year - old man of japanese descent who developed fournier s gangrene that was found to be caused by listeria monocytogenes .
the p... |
direct restoration is the most commonly used technique for both anterior and posterior teeth . however , with direct restoration , excessive polymerization shrinkage increases the stress at the composite - tooth interface and can compromise the integrity of the bond . in large posterior cavities , especially in those w... | objective : the aim of this study was to test the null hypothesis that different surface conditioning ( etch and rinse and self - etch ) and curing techniques ( light cure / dual cure ) had no effect on the shear bond strength of direct and indirect composite inlays.materials and methods : a total of 112 extracted huma... |
especially c jejuni and c coli , are considered to be amongst the most prevalent foodborne pathogens associated with sporadic diarrhoea in humans ( engberg et al . , 2001 ;
colonise the intestines of food animals and they can contaminate meat during slaughter or post - slaughter processing ( hermans et al . , 2011 ; ... | the present study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility in campylobacter cuniculorum . to do so , 29 isolates from rabbits reared in 18 intensive and 11 rural farms not epidemiologically correlated were tested .
minimum inhibitory concentration of 8 antimicrobial agents was determined using the agar d... |
alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) and parkinson 's disease ( pd ) are the most common age - related neurodegenerative diseases , while other less common , albeit devastating , neurodegenerative diseases include huntington 's disease ( hd ) , amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) , prion diseases , and frontotemporal dementia... | age - related misfolding and aggregation of disease - linked proteins in selective brain regions is a characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases .
although neuropathological aggregates that characterize these various diseases are found at sites other than synapses , increasing evidence supports the idea that synaps... |
atherosclerotic plaques with a large lipid core are a frequent cause of acute coronary syndromes . in 1993 near - infrared spectroscopy ( nirs )
was first used for atherosclerotic plaque imaging in an experimental animal model . in further ex vivo validation studies , nirs was found to accurately detect the lipid ( c... | acute coronary syndromes are frequently caused by
vulnerable coronary plaques with a lipid - rich core . in 1993
near - infrared spectroscopy ( nirs ) was first used to detect the lipid ( cholesterol ) content of atherosclerotic plaques in an experimental animal study .
nirs was then carefully validated using hu... |
according to the statistics , accidents and disasters are increasing worldwide , including in our country . in 2011 , about 332 natural disasters were recorded in the world , although this amount was less than the number in the years 2001 - 2010 , but the human and economic impact of these crises were much greater than... | background : today disasters are a part of many people 's lives .
iran has a long history of disaster events and nurses are one of the most significant groups within the iranian disaster relief operations , providing immediate and long - term care for those affected by the disaster .
however , the technical compete... |
this 41-year - old housewife , educated up to sixth standard , hailing from middle socioeconomic status , with nil contributory family history , and suffering from hypertension and myopia in left eye ( + 0.75 ) and hypermetropia in right eye ( 0.75 ) , reported to outpatient clinic with history of 10-years duration cha... | a case of obsessive - compulsive disorder ( ocd ) with seasonal variation in symptoms of 10-years duration is reported because of its rarity .
the phenomenology of the observed disorder was obsessions related to dirt and contamination resulting in washing compulsions with onset in october and complete resolution in a... |
helicobacter cinaedi has come to be recognized as an important organism , especially among immunocompromised patients .
h. cinaedi sometimes causes cellulitis but the main symptom is only fever without any focal findings in most cases . furthermore , unlike most other infectious diseases , the clinical course is not ... | a 40-year - old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) presented with high - grade fever and severe thrombocytopenia .
acalculous cholecystitis and thrombocytopenia were initially suspected to be complicated with sle and vasculitis .
contrary to our expectation , however , the patient was finally diagnosed... |
interactions of rna with other biomolecules are fundamental in cellular processes . in particular , noncoding rna protein interactions play important roles in protein synthesis ( 1,2 ) , gene expression ( 3,4 ) , rna processing ( 57 ) , developmental regulation ( 8,9 ) , etc .
some lncrnas function as transcriptiona... | npinter ( http://www.bioinfo.org/npinter ) is a database that integrates experimentally verified functional interactions between noncoding rnas ( excluding trnas and rrnas ) and other biomolecules ( proteins , rnas and genomic dnas ) .
extensive studies on ncrna interactions have shown that ncrnas could act as part o... |
fecundity is reduced in male patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia ( cah ) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency .
recent studies suggested that development of testicular adrenal rest tumors ( tarts ) , which cause an obstruction of the seminiferous tubules , may play a major role [ 1 , 2 ] . in addition , suppress... | introduction . men with congenital adrenal hyperplasia ( cah ) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency show impaired fecundity due to testicular adrenal rest tumors and/or suppression of the gonadal axis .
sexual well - being might be an additional factor ; however , no data exists .
patients and methods .
prospective l... |
conventional laparoscopic surgery requires the placement of multiple ports through the abdominal wall , with the aims of maintaining adequate internal spacing of instruments to reduce clashing and facilitating tissue manipulation for dissection .
these multiple transabdominal punctures are associated with morbidity a... | purposemagnetic anchoring devices may reduce the number of port sites needed in laparoscopic surgery . in this study , we prospectively assessed the feasibility of using a magnetic anchoring and guidance system ( mags ) in laparoendoscopic single - site ( less ) surgery performed by novices.materials and methodsa total... |
multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is a neurological disease characterised by the multifocal nature of neurological lesions in the central nervous system , which results in demyelination , white and grey matter injuries and/or atrophy . as a consequence of the cooccurrence of lesions , a wide range of symptoms
deficits on cog... | this preliminary study tackles the assessment and treatment of autobiographical memory ( abm ) in relapsing - remitting multiple sclerosis ( rr - ms ) patients . our aim was to investigate cerebral activation changes , following clinical improvement of abm due to a cognitive training based on mental visual imagery ( mv... |
restrictive cardiomyopathies are defined as restrictive ventricular physiology in the presence of normal or reduced diastolic volumes ( of one or both ventricles ) , normal or reduced systolic volumes , and normal ventricular wall thickness .
usually , patients develop severe symptoms of heart failure over a short pe... | restrictive cardiomyopathy ( rcm ) is a relatively rare form of cardiomyopathy with high mortality which is characterized by impaired filling of the ventricles in the presence of normal wall thickness and systolic function .
rcm is generally seen in association with infiltrative , storage , or systemic diseases .
w... |
hypothyroidism is known to be associated with premature atherosclerosis and increased frequency of cardiovascular events [ 13 ] . the increased cardiovascular risk in hypothyroid patients is mainly associated with hypercholesterolemia and an increased low - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldl - c ) level , caused by ... | backgroundplasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein ( cetp ) activity is often decreased in patients with hypothyroidism , whereas less is known about the phospholipid transfer protein ( pltp ) .
we aimed to evaluate simultaneously serum cetp and pltp activity in patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism.material/method... |
malignant hyperpyrexia syndrome ( mhs ) is a rare life - threatening entity characterized by rapid rise in body temperature , heart rate and muscle rigidity triggered by an exposure to certain anesthetic agents like succinylcholine and volatile anaesthetics .
we present a case of mhs in a 10-year - old girl emphasizi... | malignant hyperpyrexia syndrome ( mhs ) is a rare entity and may not be encountered by the anaesthesiologists throughout their professional career . whenever it manifests can be a challenging task to manage and prove to be fatal when a timely diagnosis and required therapeutic measures are not taken .
althoughthe dan... |
severe obesity is defined as a body mass index ( bmi ) > 40 kg / m which is associated with comorbidities such as insulin resistance , diabetes mellitus , systemic hypertension , dyslipidemia , and cancer .
furthermore , severely obese subjects have an increased total mortality with a concomitant increased risk of s... | objective . determine the impact of orlistat - induced weight loss on metabolic profile and cardiovascular function in severely obese patients with type 2 diabetes
. methods .
twenty - nine patients were randomized either to a nonplacebo control group or to a treatment group with orlistat thrice a day .
metabolic... |
interaction of components of the plasminogen system with fibrin or extracellular matrix promotes plasminogen activation . in a similar way ,
when components of the plasminogen system are bound to cell surfaces , plasmin generation is increased [ 24 ] .
binding of plasminogen to cell surfaces is the most important e... | the nb4 promyelocytic cell line exhibits many of the characteristics of acute promyelocytic leukemia blast cells , including the translocation ( 15 : 17 ) that fuses the pml gene on chromosome 15 to the rar gene on chromosome 17 .
these cells have a very high fibrinolytic capacity .
in addition to a high secretio... |
maintaining the microsurgical field , free from flooding with irrigation fluid , is important to get good vessel approximation in microsurgery .
the commonly followed practice is to keep dry gauze at the periphery of the field so as to siphon off the excessive fluid .
a certain amount of the irrigation fluid still ... | during microvascular anastomosis , it is important to maintain the microsurgical field irrigated yet dry so as to achieve a good view of the vessels for approximation . in this method ,
an infant feeding tube ( size 4 ) , with its tip sandwiched between layers of dry gauze and a surgical glove component placed in the... |
kerosene is refined oil belonging to the hydrocarbon group of compounds , obtained from crude petroleum .
poisoning is due to inhalation of fumes or ingestion of small amounts accidentally ( children ) or most of the cases reported in the literature were self - inflicted with the intention of committing suicide which... | kerosene is refined oil belonging to the hydrocarbon group of compounds , available for domestic use in developing countries .
poisoning is due to inhalation , ingestion . kerosene .
we report a rare case of attempted suicide by means of intravenous injection of kerosene .
it has a devastating effect and it is im... |
mixed urinary incontinence ( mui ) is a troublesome condition for patients and incontinence specialists because for treatment to be successful , both the stress and the urge components of the incontinence need to respond to therapy .
the international continence society 's standardized nomenclature defines mixed urin... | purposethis study aimed to determine whether symptoms of urinary urgency increase according to the severity of stress urinary incontinence ( sui ) . for this purpose , we recruited women with symptoms of mixed as well as pure sui and compared the clinical characteristics of each subgroup.materials and methodsa total of... |
lymphoma is a heterogeneous malignancy of the lymphatic system characterized by proliferation of lymphoid cells or their precursors .
they are generally categorized as hodgkin 's and non - hodgkin 's lymphomas ( nhls ) based on the presence and absence of typical hodgkin 's cells .
hodgkin 's lymphoma rarely presen... | a 64-year - old male farmer presented with a rapidly progressive swelling of the left mandible since 6 months .
the swelling was firm to hard , diffuse , nontender , obliterating the vestibule with paresthesia of lower lip .
the cone beam computed tomography imaging revealed an ill - defined , moth - eaten radioluc... |
recently , integration of semiconductor with ferromagnetic function has been focused on in spintronics because of the difficulties associated with the injection of spins from magnetic metal into nonmagnetic semiconductors in conventional spintronic devices .
many groups have found rtf in transition or rare earth meta... | room temperature ferromagnetism ( rtf ) is observed in pure copper oxide ( cuo ) nanoparticles which were prepared by precipitation method with the post - annealing in air without any ferromagnetic dopant .
x - ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( xps ) result indicates that the mixture valence states of cu1 + and cu2 + ... |
simple obesity is currently one of the most common metabolic diseases and its incidence has been increasing every year .
this is mainly due to changes in lifestyle and dietary habits of contemporary society as well as the development of inappropriate nutrition and physical activity patterns already in early childhood... | obesity as a disease of affluence also affects younger children .
numerous observations suggest a link between excessive body weight and thyroid function disorders .
subclinical hypothyroidism has been diagnosed increasingly frequently in patients with obesity .
a growing number of papers also point to morphologi... |
at least 135 people have been infected with a novel influenza a(h7n9 ) virus since february 2013 in eastern china , resulting in a high frequency of severe lower respiratory tract infections and 44 fatalities ( 1 , 2 ) .
this novel influenza a virus ( iav ) most likely emerged from a zoonotic reservoir , as closely r... | abstracta novel influenza a virus ( iav ) of the h7n9 subtype has been isolated from severely diseased patients with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome and , apparently , from healthy poultry in march 2013 in eastern china .
we evaluated replication , tropism , and cytokine induction of the a / anhui/1... |
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