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cystic echinococcosis ( hydatid cyst , ce ) is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of dog tapeworm echinococcus granulosus .
it has been identified as a major public health and economic problem in developing countries including iran ( 1 ) .
the most common form of treatment is open surgical removal of ... | background : surgery is the preferred treatment for hydatid cyst ( cystic echinococcosis , ce ) . at present , various scolicidal agents have been used for inactivation of protoscoleces during surgery , but they are associated with adverse side effects . the aim of the present study was to evaluate the scolicidal effec... |
e. coli is the major inhabitant of human gastrointestinal tracts and considered as non pathogen .
however , specific strains of e. coli can cause different disease such as urinary tract infections , meningitis , wound infections , bacteremia , and diarrhea in human .
the e. coli strains that cause diarrhea are cons... | aimthe purpose of this study was to characterize phenotypically and genotypically the serotypes of the e. coli o111 associated with diarrheal disease and assess the variation among serotypes in terms of specific virulence factors and hela cells adherence patterns.backgroundescherichia coli o111 serogroups are prevalent... |
the incidence of the relatively slow growing and rare types of neuroendocrine tumors ( net ) is 5.3/100,000 , and the prevalence is 35/100,000 .
neuroendocrine cells are distributed widely throughout the body , including the nervous and endocrine systems .
neuroendocrine tumors produce and secrete regulatory hormon... | the purpose of the study was to evaluate changes in general self - efficacy , health related quality of life ( hrqol ) , and stress among patients with neuroendocrine tumors ( net ) following a multidisciplinary educational intervention .
forty - one patients were enrolled in this exploratory pilot study .
a total ... |
toxic epidermal necrolysis ( ten ) -like rash of lupus , a rare entity , is clinically indistinguishable from drug - induced ten .
toxic epidermal necrolysis ( ten ) is a common , yet one of the most dreaded dermatological emergencies .
ten - like rash of lupus , which is clinically indistinguishable from drug - in... | for most dermatologists , the challenge posed by toxic epidermal necrolysis ( ten ) lies not in its diagnosis , but in pulling the patient out of this life - threatening condition .
however , when a patient presents with a ten - like picture in the background of lupus erythematosus ( le ) , it becomes difficult to de... |
although much research has focused on nuclear dna ( ndna ) as a potential site for radiation damage , attention has now turned to the responses of mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) to ionizing radiation .
while mtdna and ndna have chemically identical gross compositions , subtle differences in their subcellular environment... | we investigated whether genetic radiosensitivity - related changes in mtdna / ndna ratios are significant to mitochondrial function and if a material effect on mtdna content and function exists .
balb / c ( radiosensitive ) , c57bl/6 ( radioresistant ) , and f1 hybrid mouse strains were exposed to total body irradiat... |
we retrospectively analyzed data from 75 patients referred to the department of cardiovascular and respiratory sciences of the university of rome la sapienza from january 2001 to february 2004 for clinical and serologic ( hepatitis c virus , hepatitis b virus , hhv-8 , and cytomegalovirus ) evaluation for lung transpla... | human herpesvirus 8 ( hhv-8 ) antibodies were detected in 1 of 33 patients with pulmonary hypertension ( including in 1 of 16 with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension ) , 5 of 29 with cystic fibrosis , and 3 of 13 with interstitial lung disease .
no relationship between hhv-8 infection and pulmonary hypertensi... |
the humanized monoclonal antibody bevacizumab ( avastin genentech / roche ) is increasingly used to treat malignant solid tumors .
this antibody recognizes and blocks vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf)-a . the latter is a chemical signal that stimulates the growth of new blood vessels ( angiogenesis ) . in th... | nephrotic - range proteinuria , which denotes structural damage to the glomerular filtration barrier , occurs in 12% of bevacizumab - treated patients .
the glomerular injury and subsequent proteinuria is probably due to a direct targeting of vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) .
we report a case series of ... |
cyclic neutropenia ( cn ) is a rare disorder characterized by regular oscillation in peripheral neutrophil counts with 21-day periodicity .
affected individuals typically experience recurrent aphthous stomatitis , fever , malaise , and , occasionally , cutaneous or subcutaneous infections . according to the internati... | we report a rare case of chronic refractory uveitis in a patient with childhood - onset cyclic neutropenia ( cn ) . a 19-year - old woman , who had a history of cn beginning at age 2 , presented with bilateral chronic nongranulomatous uveitis , complicated cataract , retinal vasculitis , cystoids macular edema , and vi... |
insulin resistance is defined as the decreased peripheral tissue response to insulin - mediated cellular actions and the term " insulin resistance " refers to reduced whole - body glucose uptake in response to physiological levels of insulin .
insulin resistance is a common feature of obesity and is strongly associat... | as with the dramatic increases in childhood obesity over the past decades , the incidence of type 2 diabetes has increased among children and adolescents in the united states .
insulin resistance is a common feature of childhood obesity and increases the risk of type 2 diabetes , metabolic syndrome , and atherogenic ... |
therapy - related myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myelogenous leukemia ( t - mds / aml ) constitute the most serious late - onset complications caused by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy .
recent advances in anticancer chemotherapy using various classical and novel anticancer agents have led to a higher rate of t... | a 54-year - old male was diagnosed with follicular lymphoma in september 2003 . despite multiple chemotherapies , including autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ( hsct ) with high - dose chemotherapy , the disease eventually relapsed .
additionally , bone marrow analysis revealed the co - emergence of t... |
biofilms ( organic contamination ) are routinely found in dental treatment water delivery systems.18 they can be observed colonizing within dental unit waterlines in as little as two weeks.9 when viewed through a scanning electron microscope ( sem ) , biofilms are characterized by microorganisms embedded in an extracel... | objectives : to study effects of various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide on mature waterline biofilms and in controlling planktonic ( free - floating ) organisms in simulated dental treatment water systems ; and to study in vitro the effects of 2% , 3% , and 7% hydrogen peroxide on the removal of mature biofilms an... |
basic fibroblast growth factor ( bfgf ) is a multigene family member of structurally related peptide growth factors , and its function is mediated through high - affinity receptors .
it is well known that bfgf is a multifunctional cytokine to participate in the process of wound healing , cell proliferation , and apop... | the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor ( bfgf ) treatment on the proliferation and apoptosis of cultured gingival fibroblasts ( gfs ) .
human gfs were isolated from the palatal gingival tissues of 16 healthy volunteers ranging in the age from 9 to 35 years old .
c... |
dementia is a syndrome of acquired intellectual deficit resulting in significant impairment of social or occupational functions . vascular cognitive dementia ( vad ) comprises dementias resulting from all types of vascular pathologies .
the current classification of vad includes : cortical vascular dementia ; subcort... | background : vascular dementia ( vad ) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly , second only to alzheimer s disease ( ad ) . between 1% and 4% of people of 65 years of age suffer from vad and the prevalence appears to double every 510 years after the age of 65.summary:prevention aims to reduce the disease b... |
interspinous devices ( isds ) are motion preservation systems that are claimed to alter favorably the movement and load transfer of a spinal - motion segment and to increase the space in the lateral recess and foramina.1,2,3,4,5 initial clinical results were promising;4,5 however , in recent studies mixed results have ... | study design : a retrospective cohort of 68 patients who underwent insertion of the diam ( medtronic sofamor danek , switzerland ) interspinous device ( isd ) during 20062008 at one medical center.objectives : to assess the short- and intermediate - term outcomes and complications associated with isd.methods : evalu... |
polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) is one of the most common endocrine disorders , affecting 510% women of reproductive age .
pcos is a heterogeneous condition characterized by chronic anovulation , hyperandrogenism , ovarian dysfunction , and polycystic ovaries .
pcos is the most common cause of female infertility... | introduction : polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women .
pcos comprises a broad spectrum of anomalies , including hyperandrogenism , chronic anovulation , obesity , and infertility .
insulin resistance and its compensatory hyperinsulinemia play a key role in the pat... |
one of the endeavors of science is to have the power to predict phenomena , yet my career trajectory has been anything but predictable . from an early age i knew i wanted to be a scientist , but just what kind of science was less certain .
i spent many hours as a child looking through my mail order telescope at the m... | although i always knew i wanted to be a scientist , i did n't know i would become a cell biologist .
events in life that you would never have predicted can greatly impact your career trajectory .
i have learned to let those events take me in new directions .
following a desire to investigate an understudied area ... |
according to the most recent report from the seer database , an estimated 46,420 new cases of pancreatic cancer will be diagnosed in the united states in 2014 , with 39,590 related deaths . despite recent advances in neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment modalities ,
the prognosis is still dismal , with an estimated 5-y... | background .
pancreatic adenocarcinoma of the body and tail usually presents late and is typically unresectable .
the modified appleby procedure allows resection of pancreatic body carcinoma with celiac axis ( ca ) invasion .
given that the feasibility of this technique is based on the presence of collateral circ... |
transient global amnesia is a syndrome of temporary and reversible disruption of short - term memory accompanied by repetitive questioning .
although the etiology is unknown , the prognosis usually benign , and no particular treatment is required , it is important for all involved clinicians to recognize the diagnosi... | introductiontransient global amnesia is a syndrome of temporary and reversible disruption of short - term memory accompanied by repetitive questioning .
although the etiology is unknown , the prognosis usually benign , and no particular treatment is required , it is important for all involved clinicians to recognize ... |
it stopped for a thousand years and , because much of the knowledge of antiquity was lost during those years , might actually be said to have gone backwards . when science was reborn in the renaissance , beginning in the 1400s , less
was known about the world in general and the living world in particular than was kno... | at the end of the dark ages , anatomy was taught as though everything that could be known was known .
scholars learned about what had been discovered rather than how to make discoveries .
this was true even though the body ( and the rest of biology ) was very poorly understood .
the renaissance eventually brought... |
srogl reaction
as the main carbon carbon bond cross - coupling step was based
on the recent observation that the mild coupling conditions of this
reaction , which utilize bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium(0 ) , copper(i )
thiophene carboxylate , and triethylphosphite at ambient temperature ,
are well tolera... | the success rate for central nervous
system ( cns ) drug candidates
in the clinic is relatively low compared to the industry average across
other therapeutic areas .
penetration through the blood
brain
barrier ( bbb ) to reach the therapeutic target is a major obstacle
in development .
the rapid cns pen... |
acute kidney injury ( aki ) is a common complication of cardiovascular surgery and occurs more easily in patients following surgical arch repair in aortic dissection . the incidence of aki after aortic arch surgery has been reported to be higher than after other cardiac surgery .
acute kidney injury also affects long... | backgroundwe aimed to analyze the risk factors and prognosis of acute kidney injury ( aki ) after aortic arch repair in type a aortic dissection.material/methodswe included 155 patients undergoing arch repair surgery for type a aortic dissection from january 2009 to january 2014 in our hospital .
ninety - three patie... |
mixed
metal oxides are the subject of intense research efforts
due to their relative ease of processing and high performance in a
range of electronic and optoelectronic devices .
a major research and development focus has been on
the transparent conducting oxide ( tco ) alternatives to indium tin
oxide and ... | amorphous mixed metal oxides are
emerging as high performance semiconductors
for thin film transistor ( tft ) applications , with indium gallium zinc
oxide , ingazno ( igzo ) , being one of the most widely studied and best
performing systems . here , we investigate alkaline earth ( barium or
strontium ) doped... |
a 29-year - old woman with known cardiac amyloidosis suddenly developed three episodes of transient left hemiparesis .
the patient had first been seen at our hospital three months earlier because of dyspnea on exertion ( nyha class iii ) .
electrocardiogram ( ecg ) revealed sinus rhythm with low voltage qrs and q w... | embolic cerebral infarction due to cardiac amyloidosis is rare .
we report two patients with amyloidosis who developed cerebral infarcts .
these embolic infarcts were probably related to cardiac involvement of amyloidosis , which was based on results of myocardial biopsy ( patient 1 ) , and kidney biopsy and charac... |
cardiac arrest has a dire prognosis , with an average of only 5% of patients being discharged alive without neurologic problems after an out - of - hospital cardiac arrest . despite improvements in medical therapy and other devices modifying ventilatory support
moreover , it can not be performed successfully for a ... | cardiopulmonary support including closed chest compression is a mainstay in the management of cardiac arrest
. however , traditional means ( i.e. manual ) chest compression may be logistically challenging , especially in patients requiring emergent invasive procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention for ca... |
sitting for long periods of time places stress on the lumbopelvic region , reduces the
circulation of blood in the lower extremities , and may result in muscle shortening , muscle
weakness , or hypo - mobility of the joints1 .
osullivan et al.2 showed that decreased
trunk muscle endurance is associated with red... | [ purpose ] this study investigated the effects of inclined treadmill walking on pelvic
anterior tilt angle , hamstring muscle length , and back muscle endurance of seated workers
with flat - back syndrome . [ subjects ] eight seated workers with flat - back syndrome who
complained of low - back pain in the l35 r... |
the main purpose of placing root - end filling materials during periradicular surgery is to seal the communications between the root canal system and periradicular tissues .
several materials have been used for root - end filling in endodontic surgery [ 26 ] . since the introduction of mineral trioxide aggregate ( mt... | objective : this study compared the marginal adaptation of mineral trioxide aggregate ( mta ) and mta - like materials as root - end fillings after incubation in phosphate buffer saline ( pbs ) , a synthetic tissue fluid , for either 1 week or 2 months.materials and methods : in this experimental study , seventy - two ... |
fusariosis is a not uncommon invasive mold infection in patients with hematologic malignancies and hematopoietic cell transplants .
infection tends to spread rapidly in immunocompromised patients due to angioinvasiveness and fungemia but tends to remain localized in immunocompetent patients .
fusariosis has high mo... | in immunocompromised patients , fusarium species cause infections that lead to high mortality .
our case report describes a case of disseminated fusariosis in a neutropenic patient with aml after myelosuppressive chemotherapy , and a neutropenic multiple myeloma patient with fusarium fungemia awaiting stem cell colle... |
exposure to harmful noise at working places and military and recreational environments induces sensorineural hearing loss resulting from damages to cochlear and neural structures in the inner ear , called noise - induced hearing loss .
noise - induced hearing loss is classified into two types : chronic noise - induce... | the primary site of lesion induced by noise exposure is the hair cells in the organ of corti and the primary neural degeneration occurs in synaptic terminals of cochlear nerve fibers and spiral ganglion cells .
the cellular basis of noise - induced hearing loss is oxidative stress , which refers to a severe disruptio... |
videolaryngoscopes are relatively new devices available for intubation , which provide several potential advantages over direct laryngoscopy including better views of the larynx , particularly in patients with limited cervical spine motion , reduced tracheal intubation time , and educational value .
macgrath videolar... | background and aims : macgrath videolaryngoscope is one of the recent videolaryngoscopes , which can be used to facilitate nasotracheal intubations using scroeder directional stylet.material and methods:15 patients , american society of anesthesiologists grades i - ii , undergoing tonsillectomy , requiring nasotracheal... |
trapped fourth ventricle is a rare and uncommon entity which has been observed as a complication after intraventricular hemorrhage , infection/ meningitis or as a result of chronic over drainage after hydrocephalic shunting .
a postinfectious occlusion of fourth ventricle outflow ( foramina of luschka and magendie ) ... | we describe a case of progressive syringomyelia following post - infectious trapped fourth ventricle ( tfv ) , which resolved after shunting of the fourth ventricle .
a 28-year - old female who had previously undergone treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage and meningitis developed a hydrocephalus with tfv .
after 3... |
repetitive upper extremity exercises result in overuse injuries ; however , it is challenging
to identify the causative exercises .
additionally , the causes of one - third of occupational
disorders are not classified .
therefore , the application of evidence - based healing and
prevention is more complicated... | [ purpose ] repetitive upper extremity exercises result in overuse injuries .
however , it is
challenging to identify the specific causative movements .
this study evaluated the effects
of different shoulder positions on grip and electrophysiological activity of upper
extremity muscles .
[ subjects and meth... |
acrolein , crotonaldehyde , and 4-hydroxynonenal ( 4-hne ) are endogenous byproducts of lipid peroxidation , arising as a consequence of oxidative stress ( 14 ) .
acrolein and crotonaldehyde exposures also occur from exogenous sources , for example , cigarette smoke ( 5 ) and automobile exhaust ( 6 ) .
these enals ... | synthetically derived trimethylene interstrand dna cross - links have been used as surrogates for the native cross - links that arise from the 1,n2-deoxyguanosine adducts derived from ,-unsaturated aldehydes .
the native enal - mediated cross - linking occurs in the 5-cpg-3 sequence context but not in the 5-gpc-3 seq... |
hypertension is established as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease , and antihypertensive treatments are necessary to prevent the cardiovascular events .
we have already various and effective antihypertensive agents . however , it is also true that our antihypertensive treatments could not achieve the opti... | abnormal blood pressure ( bp ) elevation in early morning is known to cause cardiovascular events .
previous studies have suggested that one of the reasons in abnormal dairy bp variability is sympathoexcitation .
we have demonstrated that brain angiotensin ii type 1 receptor ( at1r ) causes sympathoexcitation .
t... |
autoimmune pancreatitis ( aip ) is a form of chronic pancreatitis with raised levels of serum igg4 , responsiveness to immunosuppressive therapy , and no apparent underlying cause such as chronic alcoholic pancreatitis [ 18 ] .
although first described in 1961 as a case of pancreatitis with autoimmune features , the ... | autoimmune pancreatitis ( aip ) was first used to describe cases of pancreatitis with narrowing of the pancreatic duct , enlargement of the pancreas , hyper--globulinaemia , and antinuclear antibody ( ana ) positivity serologically .
the main differential diagnosis , is pancreatic cancer , which can be ruled out thro... |
pain management has been increasingly recognized as the standard of practice for all types of surgeries in cats including routine elective surgeries , such as , onychectomy , spays and neuters [ 15 ] .
in addition to promoting the welfare of the patient , controlling postoperative pain and inflammation facilitates th... | the efficacy and safety of robenacoxib were assessed for the control of postoperative pain and inflammation in cats .
the study was a multicenter , prospective , randomized , blinded , and parallel group clinical trial .
a total of 249 client - owned cats scheduled for forelimb onychectomy plus either ovariohystere... |
takayasu arteritis is an inflammatory arteritis involving the large arteries.1 ocular manifestations are not uncommon in takayasu arteritis.2 occlusive arteritis of the aortic arch branches results in ischemic ocular manifestations , whilst involvement of the renal artery or supra - renal aorta causes eye manifestation... | takayasu arteritis is a relatively rare inflammatory arteritis that can be associated with ocular manifestations .
we report four patients with proven takayasu arteritis ; two patients manifested hypoperfusive ocular manifestations of ocular ischemic syndrome and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy whilst two others h... |
we reported a case of amfb in a 73-year - old male , involving the mediastinum with computed tomography ( ct ) imaging and pathologic findings .
preoperative unenhanced ct scan of chest revealed a 6.9 7.4 9.3 cm mass with equal density , located in the posterior mediastinum .
due to the unclear interface ... | abstractintroduction : angiomyofibroblastoma ( amfb ) is an extremely rare disease .
it commonly occurs in middle - aged females and mainly involves the vulvovaginal region .
pathological examination plays an important role in differentiating from other tumors .
but far less published literature focus on the imag... |
soil transmitted helminths ( sth ) remain a widespread and neglected public health concern , particularly in tropical rural areas throughout the world.[13 ] some consequences of sth infection in children include stunting , wasting , cognitive deficits , apathy , reduced levels of physical activity and social interactio... | background : soil transmitted helminths ( sth ) remain a global public health concern in spite of occasional dosing campaigns.aims:to determine baseline prevalence and intensity of sth infection in east guatemalan school children , and describe the associated epidemiology of anemia , stunting , and wasting in this popu... |
in conventional biosensors , analytes diffuse in 3d until they encounter the sensor and are captured . under the assumptions stated above , the number of analytes n accumulated on a disk - shaped sensor of radius r can be calculated from the diffusion - limited analyte flux j3d - r
the steady - state flux to a disk -... | nanoscale sensors enable the detection of analytes with improved signal - to - noise ratio but suffer from mass transport limitations .
molecular shuttles , assembled from , e.g. , antibody - functionalized microtubules and kinesin motor proteins , can selectively capture analytes from solution and deliver the analyt... |
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide1 despite increased health care efforts , financial costs , and research concerning its early diagnosis and proper management .
copd epidemiology continues to display a steep increasing trend in mortality , contrary to... | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is one of the top five major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide . despite worldwide health care efforts , costs , and medical research , copd figures demonstrate a continuously increasing tendency in mortality
.
this is contrary to other top causes of death , ... |
cellular differentiation is a unidirectional process starting from uncommitted , undifferentiated cells and ending with differentiated , stable somatic cells . during and after embryonic development ,
multiple mechanisms are used to ensure that cells do not go backward along their differentiation pathway , or change ... | how various epigenetic mechanisms restrict chromatin plasticity to determine the stability of repressed genes is poorly understood . nuclear transfer to xenopus oocytes
induces the transcriptional reactivation of previously silenced genes .
recent work suggests that it can be used to analyze the epigenetic stabilit... |
clinical charts of 31 patients diagnosed with acquired unilateral superior oblique muscle palsy during march 2007 and february 2009 were retrospectively reviewed .
this research study was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board of kim 's eye hospital .
the study included patients with acquired unila... | purposeto evaluate the correlation between hypertropia and excyclotorsion in acquired superior oblique palsy ( sop).methodsthirty - one patients with acquired unilateral sop were recruited for this study .
the torsional angle of each patient was assessed via one objective method ( fundus photography ) and two subject... |
gastroparesis following lung transplantation can complicate medical management leading to malnutrition , weight loss , and erratic absorption of immunosuppressive medications , which are all important factors in the success of grafts .
gastric electrical stimulation has been shown to reduce the frequency of nausea an... | background : gastroparesis following lung transplantation can complicate medical management leading to malnutrition , weight loss , and erratic absorption of immunosuppressive medications , which are all important factors in the success of grafts . gastric electrical stimulation has been shown to reduce the frequency o... |
in developing world , increase prevalence of smoking has led to emergence of lung carcinoma as the most common malignancy surpassing oropharyneal carcinoma . more than fifty percent of patients are diagnosed with unresectable or metastatic disease at presentation .
metastatic lung carcinoma can manifest with myriad c... | symptomatic choroidal metastasis in a know case of metastatic lung carcinoma is rare .
however recent onset blurring of vision in patient of lung carcinoma should raise strong suspicion for choroidal metastasis .
thorough ophthalmological evaluation including bilateral visual activity , fundoscopy , ultrasonography... |
tobacco use is a major health threat in the southeast asian region and india has one of the largest numbers of tobacco users in the region accounting for an annual consumption of ~250 million kg tobacco .
consequences of tobacco use in india are compounded by the prevalence of both smoking and smokeless tobacco produ... | background : variety of smokeable and chewable tobacco products with diverse nicotine content are used in india . nicotine quantity in tobacco products
has a direct bearing on developing tobacco dependence .
the present work used this information to derive scores on the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence ( ftn... |
the ticks that belong to the genus amblyomma are large , ornate , longirostrate blood - feeding ectoparasites of a wide variety of vertebrates .
amblyomma testudinarium is one of the species that has been frequently reported to bite humans in asian countries .
usually , only a few ticks attached to and fed on a hum... | a perianal tick and the surrounding skin were surgically excised from a 73-year - old man residing in a southwestern costal area of the korean peninsula .
microscopically a deep penetrating lesion was formed beneath the attachment site .
dense and mixed inflammatory cell infiltrations occurred in the dermis and sub... |
during may 2july 30 , 2010 , a total of 622 febrile patients , who had histories of recent tick bites and sought treatment at mudanjiang forestry central hospital ( figure 1 ) were screened for the infections of tick - borne agents . when patients were admitted , peripheral blood samples were collected and treated with... | to identify candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis infection in northeastern china , we tested blood samples from 622 febrile patients .
we identified in 7 infected patients and natural foci for this bacterium .
field surveys showed that 1.6% of ticks and 3.8% of rodents collected from residences of patients were also ... |
gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( gists ) are mesenchymal neoplasms that appear to be related to the interstitial cells of cajal of the myenteric plexus [ 1 , 2 ] .
gists are characterized by high immunoreactivity to the thyrosine kinase receptor kit ( cd117 ) .
approximately 80 - 95% of gists harbor mutations in t... | surgery is the standard treatment for a primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor ( gist ) ; however , surgical resection is often not curative , particularly for large gists . in the past decade , with imatinib mesylate ( i m ) , management strategies for gists have evolved significantly , and now i m is the standard car... |
infections of the esophagus occur most commonly in immunocompromised patients such as those infected with human immunodeficiency virus and those receiving chemotherapy or immunosuppressive medications .
there are , however , esophageal infections that can occur in both the immunocompromised and the at - risk immunoco... | background .
candida glabrata ( c. glabrata ) has become a recognized pathogen in fungal esophagitis .
a proportion of these isolates are azole - resistant which may have treatment implications .
variability in the prevalence of this organism exists in the limited data available . objective . to determine the inc... |
beta-2-adrenoreceptor ( 2ars ) agonists ( 2-agonists ) are used primarily as bronchodilators in the therapy of obstructive airways disorders , especially bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) [ 1 , 2 ] .
these agents also possess secondary anti - inflammatory properties , affecting cells... | the clinical relevance of the anti - inflammatory properties of beta-2 agonists remains contentious possibly due to differences in their molecular structures and agonist activities .
the current study has compared the effects of 3 different categories of 2-agonists , namely , salbutamol ( short - acting ) , formotero... |
hormone receptor positive breast cancer constitutes the majority of these cancers , with positive nuclear staining for estrogen receptor ( er ) in 75% and progesterone receptor ( pr ) in 55% of tumors ( 2 ) .
this link was first described in the 19th century when beatson used oophorectomy to treat women with advanced... | contextbreast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide .
estrogen receptor ( er ) positive breast cancer constitutes the majority of these cancers . hormone therapy has significantly improved clinical outcomes for early- and late - stage hormone receptor positive breast cancer . although most patients with... |
chronic low back pain ( lbp ) is one of the most common long - term health problems in adults
in many countries . the prevalence of lbp in previous studies ranged from 18.6% to 57.4%1,2,3,4,5 .
investigation of chronic pain , including
chronic lbp , has shifted from a purely biomedical model to a more holistic , ... | [ purpose ] multidisciplinary treatments are recommended for treatment of chronic low back
pain . the aim of this study was to show the associations among multidisciplinary treatment
outcomes , pretreatment psychological factors , self - reported pain levels , and history of
pain in chronic low back pain patients... |
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( hcm ) is characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy , with predominant involvement of the interventricular septum in the absence of other causes of hypertrophy , such as hypertension , valvular heart disease , or metabolic disease [ 17 ] .
familial hcm is an autosomal dom... | hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( hcm ) is an autosomal dominant disorder resulting from mutations in genes for at least 15 various sarcomere - related proteins including cardiac -myosin heavy chain , cardiac myosin - binding protein c , and cardiac troponin t. the troponin t gene ( tnnt2 ) mutation has the third incidence... |
recently
published studies from these laboratories detail the optimization
and development of a catalytic , enantioselective carbosulfenylation
of alkenes using electron - rich arenes as the nucleophilic partner
( scheme 1 ) . in
the course of optimization of this process , it was discovered that
the enanti... | in the course of developing an enantioselective ,
lewis base / brnsted
acid co - catalyzed carbosulfenylation of alkenes , a seemingly
impossible conundrum arose : how could a catalyst inhibit a stoichiometric
reaction ? despite the observation of very good enantioselectivities ,
the rate of the uncatalyzed r... |
poor oral health impacts a great deal on the quality o life of children , adults , and the aged .
it affects children nutrition , growth , and development as well as attendance at school . in adults ,
good oral health is beyond good dentition ; it includes absence of pain , diseases , or any disorders of the dentof... | objectives : the study was designed to determine the prevalence of dental caries and partial edentulism , in addition to assessing the oral hygiene status and restorative care among adults in a community - based outreach program in port harcourt.materials and methods : a cross - sectional study was conducted among adul... |
water and small solutes ( e.g. , urea , glucose , amino acids , mineral ions ) in blood plasma freely traverse the gfb while circulating cells such as erythrocytes and high - molecular - weight plasma components such as albumin are selectively retained in blood .
intriguingly , the glomerular permeability of proteins... | the function of the kidney , filtering blood and concentrating metabolic waste into urine , takes place in an intricate and functionally elegant structure called the renal glomerulus .
normal glomerular function retains circulating cells and valuable macromolecular components of plasma in blood , resulting in urine w... |
india , after years of struggling with polio , has finally achieved the remarkable feat of spending more than a year without a single case of wild poliovirus .
the last polio case was reported on january 13 , 2011 from the state of west bengal , and was a case of wild polio virus-1 ( wpv 1 ) .
india must sustain th... | for more than two decades mankind has been dreaming of a polio - free world .
however the dream is yet to be realized owing to various problems related to transmission of wild polio virus transmission as well as vaccine - derived polio virus .
these problems are as much scientific as human .
the article briefly ... |
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is the most common adult - onset motor neuron disease .
it causes degeneration of motor neurons in the primary motor cortex , brain stem , and spinal cord which subsequently leads to rapidly progressive paralysis of skeletal muscles and ultimately to death due to respiratory fail... | nrf2 ( nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 ) is a basic region leucine - zipper transcription factor which binds to the antioxidant response element ( are ) and thereby regulates the expression of a large battery of genes involved in the cellular antioxidant and anti - inflammatory defence as well as mitochondrial pro... |
ajb receives or has received consulting fees from johnson & johnson , genstruct , lilly and tercica , and has received lecture fees from siemens and lilly , and equity ownership / stock from genstruct and numedii .
this work was supported by lucile packard foundation for children 's health , the hewlett packard... | patients are beginning to present to healthcare providers with the results of high - throughput individualized genotyping , and interpreting these results in the context of the explosive growth of literature linking individual variants with disease may seem daunting .
however , we suggest that results of a personal g... |
the furanose ring links
phosphate groups into an extended linear
backbone and anchors the heterocyclic bases to form the unique chemical
structure of rna , dna , tna and related nucleic acids .
it has long
been recognized from x - ray crystallographic studies that the furanose
moiety is not planar but can t... | the five - membered furanose ring is
a central component of the chemical
structure of biological nucleic acids .
the conformations of the furanose
ring can be analytically described using the concept of pseudorotation ,
and for rna and dna they are dominated by the c2-endo and c3-endo conformers . while the f... |
a multi - institutional kmri database was constructed with over 3,000 registered patients from october 2009 to april 2012 , consisting of cervical , thoracic , and lumbar images .
study candidates were selected from this database based upon previously established inclusion criteria.12 two hundred fifty - seven patien... | the purpose of this article is to quantify changes in thickness of the ligamentum flavum ( lf ) associated with motion of the cervical spine and to compare the thickness of the lf at each cervical level using kinetic magnetic resonance imaging ( kmri ) .
two hundred fifty - seven symptomatic patients ( 129 men ; 128 ... |
the observation that 3,4-pyridyne 2 reacts with poor regioselectivity can be explained by consideration of the aryne distortion model .
the geometry - optimized structure of 2 obtained from dft calculations ( b3lyp/6 - 31 g * ) is shown in figure 1b .
pyridyne 2 possesses only minor aryne distortion , as evidenced ... | the pyridine heterocycle continues to play a vital role in the development of human medicines .
more than 100 currently - marketed drugs contain this privileged unit , which remains highly sought after synthetically .
we report an efficient means to access di- and tri - substituted pyridines in an efficient and hig... |
the utilization of plant and leaf extracts in animal production has found widespread scientific and commercial acceptance as a strategy to improve the health status and performance of the animals [ 18 ] .
leaf extracts also have appetizing and digestion - stimulating properties and antimicrobial effect [ 912 ] .
ac... | this experiment was conducted to determine the effect of aqueous extract of telfairia occidentalis ( fluted pumpkin ) leaf on the performance and haematological indices of starter broilers .
a total of 200 , 8-day - old broiler chicks were randomly allotted to five ( 5 ) treatments , each with 4 replicate groups cont... |
pancreatic duct drainage by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ercp ) is a useful and less invasive modality for pancreatic ductal leak or relief of pain in cases of pancreatic ductal dilatation .
endoscopic ultrasound ( eus ) provides great anatomical details of pancreas hence it can be used for pancre... | endoscopic ultrasound ( eus ) or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ercp ) provides an option of minimal invasive intervention over surgery .
eus - guided pancreatogastrostomy ( eph ) is particularly useful in patients with altered anatomy where ercp is not feasible .
this paper reports a case of post... |
recent advances in new devices and skills have broadened the indications of percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ) .
however , complications such as dissection , perforation , side branch jail and distal embolization of plaque materials and thrombi remain problems that can result in catastrophic outcomes1 - 3 ) .... | we report on a case of ischemic dysfunction of the sinus node as a complication after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of the distal left circumflex artery . after local thrombolytic therapy in the sinus node artery ,
sinus node arterial flow was re - established and sinus node function normalized over ... |
the sentinel lymph node biopsy ( snb ) has been established as a less invasive approach for axillary staging ; however , this procedure continues to have a risk of postoperative lymphedema .
axillary reverse mapping ( arm ) is a novel technique for preserving the upper extremity lymphatic pathways during axillary lym... | backgroundaxillary reverse mapping ( arm ) is a novel technique for preserving the upper extremity lymphatic pathways during axillary lymph node surgery .
however , there is no evidence of the usefulness of arm for patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy ( snb).methodsbetween august 2009 and july 2012 , 372 pa... |
the integration of genomic sequences with transcription factor function and gene expression to decipher the gene regulatory networks underlying various developmental processes is a major challenge of the post - genomic era ( 1 ) . although the view that regulatory regions manifest as clusters of transcription factor bi... | combinatorial interactions of sequence - specific trans - acting factors with localized genomic cis - element clusters are the principal mechanism for regulating tissue - specific and developmental gene expression . with the emergence of expanding numbers of genome - wide expression analyses , the identification of the... |
many doctors discourage functional single ventricle ( fsv ) patients from becoming pregnant due to the concern that the cardiovascular burden during pregnancy and delivery may provoke peripartum mortality or persistent heart failure .
while cases of successful pregnancy and delivery have been reported in the united s... | twenty - six - year - old ebstein 's anomaly patient , who had failed both biventricular and one - and - a - half repair , underwent right ventricle exclusion and fontan operation .
she completed pregnancy and delivery owing to the excellent long - term clinical course .
although the caesarean section was performed... |
most gastric adenocarcinomas manifest mucosal lesions , and thus , they are usually diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy .
in contrast , gastric submucosal tumor ( smt ) is often difficult to diagnose histologically , because the tumor surface being covered with normal mucosa .
a gastric carcinoma with the endoscopic fea... | a gastric carcinoma with the endoscopic features resembling submucosal tumor ( smt ) is rare , and reportedly account for only 0.1% to 0.63% of all resected gastric carcinomas .
the preoperative diagnosis of smt - like gastric carcinoma is challenging , and thus , diagnosis is usually made intraoperatively or postope... |
si gel for chromatography was silica gel 60 ( 0.20.5 mm merck ) for analytical work and for preparative work tlc silica gel 60 gf 254 merck .
oceanapia sagittaria ( sollas , 1902 ) , order haplosclerida , family oceanapiidae , was collected by scuba diving in the gulf of thailand near koh samed ( 3 meter depth ) in a... | the pyridoacridine alkaloids kuanoniamines a and c were isolated together with 24 -methylcholestanol , p - hydroxybenzaldehyde , p - hydroxybenzoic acid , phenylacetic acid and 3-formylindole from the ethyl acetate extract of the marine sponge oceanapia sagittaria ( sollas ) , collected from the gulf of thailand .
ku... |
lanthanide containing
nanoparticles ( ln nps ) , e.g. , ln2o3 , lnf3 , nalnf4 , are employed as
imaging agents in biological systems due to their unique luminescent
and magnetic properties as well as their low cytotoxicities .
the highest - quality ln nps are synthesized at high temperature ( between
250 and ... | developing
surface coatings for nalnf4 nanoparticles
( nps ) that provide long - term stability in solutions containing competitive
ions such as phosphate remains challenging .
an amine - functional polyamidoamine
tetraphosphonate ( nh2-pamam-4p ) as a multidentate ligand
for these nps has been synthesized ... |
medical technology includes all medical equipment used by health organizations for diagnosis , therapy , monitoring , rehabilitation , and care .
effective medical device management is required to ensure high - quality patient care [ 1 , 2 ] .
accomplished medical device management will greatly assist in the reduct... | a maintenance program generated through the consideration of characteristics and failures of medical equipment is an important component of technology management .
however , older technology devices and newer high - tech devices can not be efficiently managed using the same strategies because of their different chara... |
shunt - dependent chronic hydrocephalus ( sdch ) is a well - known sequelae of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage ( asah ) .
the incidence of sdch in patients of all ages after asah ranges from 10 to 48 % 4,12,32,36,38 ) .
numerous factors have been reported as being associated with the occurrence of chronic hydroc... | objectiveshunt - dependent chronic hydrocephalus ( sdch ) is known to be a major complication associated with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage ( asah ) .
old age is known to be one of numerous factors related to the development of sdch .
this study investigated whether postoperative cisternal drainage affects the... |
nmda ( n - methyl - d - aspartate ) receptor
ion channel is a heterotetrameric ligand - gated and voltage - gated ion
channel composed of two nr1 and two nr2 subunits .
the nmda receptor ion channel is activated by the binding of two
glycine ( gly ) and two glutamate ( glu ) molecules ( agonist ) at the ligand ... | conformational dynamics plays a critical
role in the activation ,
deactivation , and open close activities of ion channels in
living cells .
such conformational dynamics is often inhomogeneous
and extremely difficult to be directly characterized by ensemble - averaged
spectroscopic imaging or only by singl... |
bilateral ovarian wedge resection is associated with a high incidence of periadenexal adhesions that may jeopardize fertility .
gjoannaess first reported treatment of polycystic ovarian disease ( pcod ) by laparoscopic ovarian drilling . using a unipolar electrode
, he created 5 to 8 craters of 2-mm to 4-mm deep on... | objective : we compared 12-month pregnancy and live birth rates in patients with polycystic ovarian disease undergoing 5- , 10- , and 15-point laparoscopic ovarian electrocauterization.methods:this was a prospective , randomized study performed at the dabirashrafi fertility and endoscopy research center , tehran , iran... |
cancer cervix is the second most common cancer in women in the world , while it is the leading cancer in women in the developing countries . globally , 15% of all cancers in females are cervical cancers , while in southeast asia , cancer cervix accounts for 20%-30% of all cancers. cancer of cervix is a major cause of d... | background : cervical cytology by papanicolaou ( pap ) smears is an effective means of screening for cervical premalignant and malignant conditions .
cervical intra - epithelial neoplasia ( cin ) and cervical cancer remain important health problems for women worldwide.aim:to study the role of pap smear in detecting p... |
it is estimated that in the united states , approximately 207,000 women were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer and approximately 40,000 women died from the disease in 2010 . between 1999 and 2005 , 48% of women in the united states initially diagnosed with breast cancer were found to have metastatic disease .
the... | breast cancer can present with metastatic disease initially or as a systemic relapse despite seemingly adequate initial treatment .
we report a case of suspected metastatic breast cancer to an intraabdominal lymph node based on imaging , which was subsequently confirmed by tissue sampling at the time of endoscopic ul... |
treatment success of this disease is attributed to adequate maintenance therapy necessary to prolong the obtained remission .
it is a pro - drug that is activated by intracellular pathway and then inactivated by either s - methylation via thiopurine methyltransferase ( tpmt ) or oxidation via xanthine oxidase .
app... | background:6-mercaptopurine ( 6-mp ) is an essential component of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( all ) maintenance therapy .
individual variability in this drug - related toxicity could be attributed in part to genetic polymorphism thiopurine methyltransferase ( tpmt).aim : to investigate the frequency of c... |
as an established , non - invasive method , cardiac computed tomography angiography ( ctca ) can evaluate coronary arteries with a high negative predictive value for excluding significant coronary artery disease ( cad ) .
, however , high radiation doses with conventional retrospective electrocardiogram ( ecg)-gating... | backgroundin order to acquire a high quality image with a low radiation dose , prospective electrocardiogram ( ecg)-triggered computed tomography coronary angiography ( ctca ) requires a stable heart rate ( hr ) <
65 beats / min .
esmolol has the advantage of reducing hr .
the objective of this article is to asse... |
unsatisfactory ( u / s)/inadequate samples are those samples where a meaningful result can not be issued . in such situations ,
the national institute for clinical excellence ( nice ) in the uk recommended the adoption of liquid - based cytology ( lbc ) in part because it was associated with significantly lower propo... | background : developed countries adopted liquid - based cytology ( lbc ) cervical cytology , partly because of its lower proportions of unsatisfactory ( u / s)/inadequate samples .
this study was carried out to evaluate effect on the rate of u / s samples after introduction of lbc in our laboratory.materials and meth... |
healthy persons usually do not develop aspergillosis ; but hypersensitivity , structural lung disease , and immune compromise are the three factors that mainly determine the spectrum of disease caused by this mold .
invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a serious complication in immunocompromised patients , occurring m... | pulmonary aspergillosis generally occurs in patients with prolonged neutropenia or immunosupression .
definitive diagnosis depends on the demonstration of the organism in tissue , as positive culture result from sputum , needle biopsy , or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid .
even though endoscopic ultrasound ( eus ) fin... |
the chronic administration of aldosterone ( aldo ) leads to the production of reactive oxygen species ( ros ) and causes endothelial dysfunction , disruption of the glomerular filtration barrier , proteinuria , and tubular damage and regeneration , leading to the progression of chronic kidney disease [ 15 ] .
aldo ex... | aldosterone ( aldo ) is critically involved in the development of renal injury via the production of reactive oxygen species and inflammation .
endoplasmic reticulum ( er ) stress is also evoked in aldo - induced renal injury . in the present study , we investigated the role of er stress in inflammation - mediated re... |
acute retinal necrosis ( arn ) is characterized by the triad of acute vitritis , peripheral necrotizing retinitis and vasculitis .
we report a case of 54-year - old woman with bilateral acute retinal necrosis associated with neuroinfection .
observational case report : diagnostic investigations included biochemical... | summarybackgroundacute retinal necrosis ( arn ) is characterized by the triad of acute vitritis , peripheral necrotizing retinitis and vasculitis.case reportwe report a case of 54-year - old woman with bilateral acute retinal necrosis associated with neuroinfection .
her past medical history included renal transplant... |
she was suffering from tongue cancer and swallowing disturbances . because of the swallowing disturbance and tumor growth , the patient received nutrition via percutaneous gastrostomy .
investigations demonstrated a hemoglobin level of 9.8 g / dl , a white blood cell count of 4,800/l , a platelet count of 35.0 10/l ... | with the advances in computed tomography ( ct ) imaging , ct can result in precise imaging , even of the gastrointestinal tract . however , the diagnostic quality of endoscopy is superior to ct because of precise mucosal observations or biopsy procedure . in the present case ,
ct was useful in the diagnosis of a gast... |
dramatic improvements in socioeconomic conditions and health care resources have led to a substantial increase in life expectancy in industrialized countries , which are nowadays largely composed by elderly people .
this demographical change has also impacted the medical field , and old patients have become common in... | breast cancer ( bc ) is diagnosed in 65 year old women in about half of cases .
experts currently recommend that systemic therapy is offered to elderly patients with bc , if , based on their overall conditions and life expectancy , it can be reasonably anticipated that the benefits will outweigh the risks of treatme... |
the predictable success of endodontic treatment depends on cleaning , mechanical instrumentation of root canal system , elimination of microorganisms and their by products and organic debris , and complete root canal filling .
however , various factors have been reported which contribute to the failure of root canal ... | objective : the purpose of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of castor oil polymer ( cop ) , mineral trioxide aggregate ( mta ) and glass ionomer cement ( gic ) as root - end filling materials .
forty - five single - rooted human teeth were cleaned and prepared using a step - back technique .
the apica... |
tandem repeat expansion is the cause of 20 or more human genetic disorders , known collectively as the repeat expansion diseases ( 1,2 ) .
this group of diseases includes the fmr1 disorders , fragile x ( fx)-associated tremor and ataxia syndrome ( fxtas ) , fx associated primary ovarian insufficiency ( fxpoi ) and fr... | expansion of a tandem repeat tract is responsible for the repeat expansion diseases , a group of more than 20 human genetic disorders that includes those like fragile x ( fx ) syndrome that result from repeat expansion in the fmr1 gene .
we have previously shown that the atm and rad3-related ( atr ) checkpoint kinase... |
forming an accurate impression of the patient 's oral environment and fabricating a working model from gypsum that accurately reproduces the relationship with the abutment teeth are two of the most important processes in prosthesis fabrication.1 in order to create an accurate working model , the clinician must be fully... | purposethe present study investigated the influences of various gypsum materials on the precision of fit of cad / cam - fabricated prostheses and analyzed their correlation with surface roughness.materials and methodsthe master model of the mandibular right first molar was replicated , and four experimental groups base... |
heart failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality despite medical treatment . over the last half century , a variety of mechanical cardiac assist devices have been developed .
the main types of mechanical ventricular assist devices currently used include surgically implanted ventricular assist devices , percu... | diagnostic imaging plays an important role in the assessment of patients with mechanical cardiac assist devices .
therefore , it is important for radiologists to be familiar with the basic components , function , and radiographic appearances of these devices in order to appropriately diagnose complications .
the pu... |
human islets were obtained through the national institutes of health and juvenile diabetes research foundation supported islet cell resource consortium ( http://icr.coh.org ) . on arrival
, human islets were washed with pbs and incubated in rpmi medium ( gibco , grand isle , ny ) containing 5.5 mmol / l glucose , 1%... | objectivesto comprehensively inventory the proteins that control the g1/s cell cycle checkpoint in the human islet and compare them with those in the murine islet , to determine whether these might therapeutically enhance human -cell replication , to determine whether human -cell replication can be demonstrated in an i... |
alcohol abuse and alcoholic liver disease ( ald ) are major health problems both in the usa and worldwide .
the most prevalent manifestations of ald are the presence of fatty liver ( hepatic steatosis ) , alcoholic hepatitis , and cirrhosis . of these manifestations , it is noted that hepatic steatosis is a reversibl... | steatosis , an early manifestation in alcoholic liver disease , is associated with the accumulation of hepatocellular lipid droplets ( lds ) .
however , the role ethanol metabolism has in ld formation and turnover remains undefined .
here , we assessed ld dynamics following ethanol and oleic acid treatment to ethan... |
the evidence in evidence - based medicine might be based on scientific principles and not exclusively on probability - based statistics .
although probability - based statistics has a role in the evidence structure of clinical epidemiology , it need not dominate the evidence structure of medical practice .
the ha... | opinion statementmedical science is now synonymous with probability - based statistics .
statistics deals with a group ; it does not need probability theory .
probability theory is consistent with the worldview that the universe is infinite , bounded , random , and governed by chance .
its logic is binary , its g... |
knowledge of the stability of these mixtures is necessary , because the infusion of unstable compounds is potentially dangerous .
since fujita 's animal studies in 1971 , it has been accepted that there is a relationship between toxicity and particle size .
the predominant factors affecting emulsion particle size s... | background : the aim of the study was to assess the particle size stability of six parenteral nutrition regimens , fitted to various pathologies , and used by the university hospital of limoges .
the mixtures contained glucose ( 30 or 50% ) , amino acids ( hyperamine25 ) , and either long - chain triglycerides ( 20% ... |
as a preliminary phase of the study , we analyzed the data of 9 patients with chronic advanced heart failure in whom we performed invasive right hemodynamics during cardiopulmonary testing .
the remaining part of the study was carried out in 190 patients with chronic systolic heart failure and without pulmonary disea... | backgroundin patients with chronic heart failure , abnormal ventilation at cardiopulmonary testing ( expressed by minute ventilation - to - carbon dioxide production , or ve / vco2 slope , and resting end - tidal co2 pressure ) may derive either from abnormal autonomic or chemoreflex regulation or from lung dysfunction... |
the clinical high - risk state of psychosis ( at - risk mental state , hereafter arms ) is defined by attenuated positive psychotic symptoms , genetic liability and functional deterioration or brief and self - remitting psychotic symptoms ( fusar - poli et al . , 2013 ; yung et al . , 1998
) . however , affective sym... | backgroundindividuals with at - risk mental state for psychosis ( arms ) often suffer from depressive and anxiety symptoms , which are clinically similar to the negative symptomatology described for psychosis .
thus , many arms individuals are already being treated with antidepressant medication.objectivesto investig... |
many first - generation biopharmaceuticals are facing patent expiry over the coming years , opening up the global biological products market to subsequent or follow - on products that might be called
biosimilars. in the insulin market , patent protections for a number of insulin preparations ( human insulins or insul... | biosimilar insulins are likely to enter clinical practice in europe in the near future .
it is important that clinicians are familiar with and understand the concept of biosimilarity and how a biosimilar drug may differ from its reference product .
the present article provides an overview of biosimilars , the europ... |
what are we to do when the irresistible force of the need to offer clinical advice meets with the immovable object of flawed evidence ?
all we can do is our best : give the advice , but alert the advisees to the flaws in the evidence on which it is based .
the ancestor of this set of pages was created by dave sack... | the importance of evidence for every branch of medicine in teaching in order to orient the practitioners among the great amount of most actual scientific information 's , and to support clinical decisions , is well established in health care , including dentistry.the practice of evidence - based medicine is a process o... |
as most mature blood cells are short - lived , they are in need of continuous replacement to ensure a sufficient capacity of the hematopoietic system . hematopoiesis is therefore characterized by vigorous proliferation , although magnitudes differ depending on the developmental stages at which defined progenitors resid... | summaryhomeostasis of short - lived blood cells is dependent on rapid proliferation of immature precursors . using a conditional histone 2b - mcherry - labeling mouse model , we characterize hematopoietic stem cell ( hsc ) and progenitor proliferation dynamics in steady state and following several types of induced stre... |
the human male is of relatively low fertility and thus may be at greater risk from reproductive toxicants than are males of the common laboratory animal model species .
lack of knowledge of the physiological differences that contribute to interspecies variation between man and animals can prevent the effective applic... | |
after host cell invasion , the parasites replicate by endodiogeny , which eventually leads to lysis of the host cell and subsequent invasion of neighboring cells ( 1 ) .
toxoplasmosis is often asymptomatic ( 2 ) and regarded as an opportunistic disease in immunocompromised patients ( 3 ) .
acute toxoplasmosis in pr... | background : toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic and usually asymptomatic infection .
this study was carried out to investigate the seroepidemiology of toxoplasma infection in women referred to arak marriage consulting center during 20122013.methods:in this cross - sectional study , serum samples were collected from 400 wome... |
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