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legumes , also known as fabaceae , are a very large and economically important group of plants ( graham and vance , 2003 ) .
they are used as food crops , forages , and green manure throughout the world .
most legumes can develop a nitrogen - fixing association with soil bacteria known as rhizobia , which results i... | the ability of legume crops to fix atmospheric nitrogen via a symbiotic association with soil rhizobia makes them an essential component of many agricultural systems .
initiation of this symbiosis requires protein phosphorylation - mediated signaling in response to rhizobial signals named nod factors .
medicago tru... |
nitric oxide synthases ( nos ) and arginases compete for the amino acid l - arginine as substrate .
the isoforms of nos produce nitric oxide ( no ) and l - citrulline , whereas arginases produce urea and l - ornithine . the known interactions between the two pathways are thought to result in reciprocal regulation of ... | cystic fibrosis airways are deficient for l - arginine , a substrate for nitric oxide synthases ( noss ) and arginases .
the rationale for this study was to quantify nos and arginase activity in the mouse lung .
anesthetized unventilated mice received a primed constant stable isotope intravenous infusion containing... |
leptomeningeal carcinomatosis ( lc ) , also known as leptomeningeal metastases , is a devastating complication of neoplastic disease .
the overall incidence is estimated at 38% of cancer patients , usually occurring late in the disease course .
the predominant histology arising from solid tumors is adenocarcinoma ,... | this case study reports on a 56-year - old woman with breast adenocarcinoma and leptomeningeal metastases . after initial chemotherapy with a dose - dense regimen of doxorubicin / cyclophosphamide followed by 3 cycles of docetaxel ( 100 mg / m2 ) , a lumpectomy was performed that revealed invasive ductal carcinoma with... |
it is used for severe staphylococcal and streptococcal infections in patients intolerant of -lactam antibiotics , in methicillin - resistant staphylococcal infections , and against gram - positive organisms with multiple resistances to antibiotics .
vancomycin has also been reported to cause concentration - dependent... | a simple , rapid , and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of vancomycin and cephalexin in human plasma was developed by using hplc - dad with second - order calibration algorithms . instead of a completely chromatographic separation ,
mathematical separation was performed by using two trilinear decom... |
transcription factors ( tfs ) are critical regulators of gene expression that control many important biological processes , such as cellular morphogenesis , signal transduction , and environmental stress responses .
zinc finger tfs belong to one of the largest tf families in plants and can be categorized into at leas... | ccch zinc finger proteins , which are characterized by the presence of three cysteine residues and one histidine residue , play important roles in rna processing in plants .
subfamily ix ccch proteins were recently shown to function in stress tolerances . in this study , we analyzed ccch ix genes in zea mays , oryza ... |
despite the limitations we see so clearly in hindsight , the publication of the dsm - iii in 1980 represented a major advance .
earlier editions of the dsm had provided lists of mental disorders but no guidance as to how a clinician was to make these putative diagnoses . even where objective diagnostic tests exist in... | editor s note : if all goes as planned , the american psychiatric association will release a new diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders ( dsm-5 ) in may 2013 .
since 1980 , the dsm has provided a shared diagnostic language to clinicians , patients , scientists , school systems , courts , and pharmaceut... |
plasticity is the ability of the brain to undergo enduring morphological and functional change in response to the demands of its environment . in humans , transcranial magnetic stimulation ( tms ) can be used to induce short term changes in cortical excitability that are believed to be underpinned by nmda - dependent s... | numerous studies have reported that plasticity induced in the motor cortex by transcranial magnetic stimulation ( tms ) is attenuated in older adults .
those investigations , however , have focused solely on the stimulated hemisphere .
compared to young adults , older adults exhibit more widespread activity across ... |
to describe use of bilateral temporal and occipital stimulator leads for a refractory headache disorder .
a 31-year - old female had a 10-year history of chronic , severe occipital and temporal region headaches .
the patient underwent permanent implant of an occipital stimulator system that resulted in sustained , ... | objectivesto describe use of bilateral temporal and occipital stimulator leads for a refractory headache disorder.materials and methodsa 31-year - old female had a 10-year history of chronic , severe occipital and temporal region headaches .
the patient underwent permanent implant of an occipital stimulator system th... |
it has been produced in colombia since the nineteenth century and is the main export to more than 36 countries ; in 2008 it represented close to 12.4% of the harvest of mild arabica type coffee and 12.2% of worldwide coffee exports .
there are approximately 590 coffee growing municipalities , 513,000 coffee growers ,... | caffeine is the most widely consumed stimulating substance in the world .
it is found in coffee , tea , soft drinks , chocolate , and many medications .
caffeine is a xanthine with various effects and mechanisms of action in vascular tissue . in endothelial cells ,
it increases intracellular calcium stimulating t... |
the occurrence of stent fractures ( sf ) is recognized as a potential complication of stent deployment .
its incidence varies markedly in published reports , ranging from less than 1% to more than 16% [ 13 ] .
little is known about the precise incidence of sf in the real world .
however , sf is likely to be... | compared with bare - metal stents , drug - eluting stents ( des ) have greatly reduced the risk of in - stent restenosis ( isr ) by inhibiting neointimal growth .
nevertheless , des are still prone to device failure , which may lead to cardiac events . recently ,
stent fracture ( sf ) has emerged as a potential mec... |
resting energy expenditure ( ree ) is the major component of total energy expenditure , considering the amount of energy the body requires to keep its vital functions .
ree is usually measured by indirect calorimetry ( ic ) , a noninvasive method , which is based on the consumption of o2 and production of co2 . howev... | objective . to
compare values from predictive equations of
resting energy expenditure ( ree ) with indirect
calorimetry ( ic ) in overweight and obese adults
.
methods .
eighty - two
participants aged 30 to 60 years ... |
the use of biological materials and soft tissue substitute implants in surgical repair is the main method of treatment for soft tissue defects and deformities . for use in plastic surgery
, a bioimplant material should ideally have high tear strength , low hardness , high thermal stability , high chemical resistance ... | purposesilicone rubber implants have been widely used to repair soft tissue defects and deformities . however
, poor biocompatibility can elicit capsule formation , usually resulting in prosthesis contracture and displacement in long - term usage . to overcome this problem ,
this study investigated the properties o... |
therapy patients , these techniques may not reliably differentiate treatment related scar tissue from viable residual and recurrent tumor tissue , creating a dilemma for the treating clinician .
nuclear medicine techniques which depend on differential metabolism of active tumor from scar tissue will be able to identi... | aim : to determine the diagnostic reliability of 18f - fdopa , 13n - ammonia and f18-fdg pet / ct in primary brain tumors .
we evaluated the amino acid and glucose metabolism of brain tumors by using pet with 18f - fdopa , 13n - ammonia and f18-fdg pet / ct.materials and methods : nine patients undergoing evaluation ... |
violin string adhesions between the liver and the diaphragm seen in fitz - hugh - curtis syndrome have been reported to cause large intestinal volvulus but not small intestinal volvulus .
we report a 45-year - old lady with small intestinal volvulus from entrapment of a loop of ileum in string adhesions between the l... | small intestinal volvulus is rare in adults and rarely caused by string adhesions between the liver and the diaphragm .
similar adhesions were described in fitz - hugh - curtis syndrome .
we report a 45-year - old lady with small intestinal volvulus from entrapment of a loop in string adhesions between the liver an... |
a 71-year - old woman presented to our clinic for evaluation of right ocular pain and loss of visual acuity for the previous week . on ophthalmic examination , visual acuity was 20 / 50 in the right eye ( od ) .
there was an anterior chamber reaction ( + + ) and a vitreous cell reaction ( + ) in the od .
fundus exa... | we report a case of posterior scleritis effectively managed with intravitreal bevacizumab .
a 71-year - old woman was diagnosed with posterior scleritis . although she was initially treated with systemic steroids , her clinical presentation deteriorated .
she was then treated with a single intravitreal injection of... |
schizophrenia is a disorder often characterized by positive , cognitive , and negative symptoms ( mueser and mcgurk , 2004 ) , which may have different neurobiological bases ( rolls , 2012 ; rolls et al . , 2008 ) .
the positive ( psychotic or thought disorder ) symptoms may include hallucinations , delusions , and p... | in order to analyze functional connectivity in untreated and treated patients with schizophrenia , resting - state fmri data were obtained for whole - brain functional connectivity analysis from 22 first - episode neuroleptic - nave schizophrenia ( nns ) , 61 first - episode neuroleptic - treated schizophrenia ( nts ) ... |
cardiac complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients . first introduced by rubler et al . in 1971 ,
diabetic cardiomyopathy ( dcm ) is characterized by the direct effect of diabetes on cardiac structure and function in the absence of coronary artery disease , hypertension , or o... | diabetic cardiomyopathy is defined as a ventricular dysfunction initiated by alterations in cardiac energy substrates in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension .
hyperglycemia , hyperlipidemia , and insulin resistance are major inducers of the chronic low - grade inflammatory state that characterizes... |
lignocellulose is the major component of biomass , representing the most abundant renewable organic source in soil .
it consists of three polymers types , cellulose , hemicelluloses , and lignin that are strongly intermeshed and chemically bonded by noncovalent forces and by covalent cross - linkages .
the enzymati... | a newly isolated fungus aspergillus niger soi017 was shown to be a good producer of -glucosidase from all isolated fungal strains .
fermentation condition ( ph , cellobiose concentration , yeast extract concentration , and ammonium sulfate concentration ) was optimized for producing the enzyme in shake flask cultures... |
it has been reported that after complete debridement and disinfection , total obliteration of the root canal space with biocompatible materials constitutes one of the most important requisites for successful root canal treatment . in this respect ,
the outcome of the endodontic treatment indicates the extent to which... | objectives . this retrospective clinical and radiographical study evaluated the 10-year outcome of one - visit endodontic treatment with gutta - percha and a methacrylate resin - based sealer . methods . from an initial sample size of 180 patients , 89 patients with 175 root canals responded to a recall .
treatment o... |
failure to follow up on abnormal test results ( missed test results ) is a global patient safety concern.15 electronic health records ( ehrs ) are increasingly used to notify practitioners of abnormal test results.68 ehr - based test result notification systems can reduce , if not eliminate , many of the communication... | contextfailure to notify patients of test results is common even when electronic health records ( ehrs ) are used to report results to practitioners .
we sought to understand the broad range of social and technical factors that affect test result management in an integrated ehr - based health system.methodsbetween ju... |
adult tissue stem cells are thought to be involved in tissue maintenance and repair processes . when numbers are low , tissue stem cells are replenished by mesenchymal stem cells ( msc ) via the blood system .
depletion of the stem cell population has been suggested to contribute to a large number of degenerative dis... | mesenchymal stem cells are showing increasing promise in applications such as tissue engineering and cell therapy .
msc are low in number in bone marrow , and therefore in vitro expansion is often necessary . in vivo , stem cells often reside within a niche acting to protect the cells .
these niches are composed of... |
it is well recognized that the introduction of a cf structural feature within a bioactive molecule often imparts desirable physiological properties.(1 ) as a consequence , fluorinated biologically active compounds are increasingly common in the realm of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals .
this widespread interest and... | diethylaminodifluorosulfinium tetrafluoroborate ( xtalfluor - e ) and morpholinodifluorosulfinium tetrafluoroborate ( xtalfluor - m ) are crystalline fluorinating agents that are more easily handled and significantly more stable than deoxo - fluor , dast , and their analogues .
these reagents can be prepared in a saf... |
breast cancer ( bc ) ranks second among the death - causing cancers in women and is the most common nonskin cancer in the united states .
although the prevalence of bc is highest among white women , the mortality rate is highest among black women .
although bc diagnosis and death rates have decreased since 2000 , t... | background : breast cancer ( bc ) remains one of the top causes of cancer - related deaths in women in the united states , and little is known about the differences in access to health care between military and civilians .
this study compared the differences in access to health care between military and civilian fema... |
rett syndrome ( rtt ; omim # 312750 ) is a severe x - linked neurodevelopmental disorder in which most patients develop loss - of - function mutations in the methyl - cpg - binding protein 2 ( mecp2 ) gene .
most grow and behave normally for the first 6 months , achieving expected milestones in motor , language and s... | summaryrett syndrome ( rtt ) is a severe x - linked postnatal neurodevelopmental disorder .
the syndrome is caused primarily by mutations in the methyl cpg binding protein 2 ( mecp2 ) gene on xq28 .
most individuals with rtt are female , and female rtt is normally heterozygous for mutations in mecp2 .
patients wi... |
an
emerging field in protein science is the study of intrinsically
disordered proteins ( idps ) , which do not fold into well - defined
3d structures in vitro but are functional in vivo .
idps appear to be abundant in nature it
has been predicted that about one - third of eukaryotic proteins contain
extend... | unlike
native proteins that are amenable to structural analysis
at atomic resolution , unfolded proteins occupy a manifold of dynamically
interconverting structures . defining the conformations of unfolded
proteins
is of significant interest and importance , for folding studies
and for understanding the pro... |
nematodes of the genus gnathostoma are clinically important as etiologic agents of foodborne parasitic zoonoses in humans .
more than 20 species have been reported in this genus from various parts of the world ; however , about 13 species are currently recognized as valid ones . among them , 6 species , namely , g. s... | the present study was performed to determine the infection status of swamp eels with gnathostoma sp .
larvae in myanmar .
we purchased total 37 asian swamp eels , monopterus albus , from a local market in yangon in june and december 2013 and 2014 .
all collected eels were transferred with ice to our laboratory an... |
descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty ( dsaek ) has proven to be an excellent method for treating bullous keratopathy . however , since the occurrence of infectious keratitis can be related to non - physiological conditions , patients undergoing dsaek need to be carefully evaluated after the procedure .... | the purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of fungal keratitis caused by candida albicans in an eye after descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty ( dsaek ) .
a 72-year - old male with a history of three trabeculectomies , cataract surgery , and two dsaek procedures developed ... |
nursing is a practice - based discipline , and clinical experiences are vital in the nursing education program .
these experiences acts as a mediator to bridge the gap between theory and practice , and make nursing students prepare for real - world situations .
a well - directed clinical education promotes students... | background : clinical education is the heart of the nursing education program . effective nursing clinical instructors are needed for graduating the future qualified nurses .
there is a well - developed body of knowledge about the effectiveness of clinical teaching and the instructors .
however , translating this k... |
the problem of obesity in the united states has reached epidemic proportions . over the past several decades , the prevalence of obesity has doubled , and it is now estimated that 2030% of american adults are obese , and nearly two - thirds are either overweight or obese [ 1 , 2 ] .
obesity - related comorbid conditi... | background . we investigated the effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy ( lsg ) on morbidly obese diabetics and examined the short - term impact of lsg on diabetic medication cost .
methods .
a prospective database of consecutive bariatric patients was reviewed .
morbidly obese patients with type 2 diabetes wh... |
all animal care and experiments conformed to the guidelines for animal experiments of the university of tokyo and were approved
by the animal research committee of the university of tokyo .
target sequences for tyr and gdf8 ( supplementary table 1 ) were designed , and plasmid vectors coding grnas with t3 promoter ... | triple - knockout mice generated by the one - step crispr / cas9 system were examined for the effects of multiple gene modifications
on each phenotype and individual gene function .
sixty embryos were transferred , and 9 pups were obtained ; all 9 pups had mutations
on 3 loci , and 7 pups showed mutations in all ... |
in vaccinology the term prophylactic refers to a vaccine that will prevent a disease before its manifestation . while being common procedure for vaccines against pathogens , this concept has also been adopted for non - infectious diseases . in the case of cancer ,
prophylactic vaccines can be targeted at carcinogen... | vaccination against infectious diseases has been one of the major breakthroughs in human medical history , saving the lives of millions of people each year .
more recently , prophylactic vaccination against non - infectious diseases such as cancer , alzheimer s disease , diabetes , and type i allergy is being investi... |
lymphoid neoplasms of the conjunctiva may appear as an isolated tumor or as part of systemic disease.15 generally , conjunctival lymphoma presents as a mass lesion on the superficial ocular surface .
these lymphomas are classically described as salmon - colored patches , and may present bilaterally in up to 20% of ... | this report documents a case of t cell lymphoma manifesting only with a conjunctival mass .
a 67-year - old man underwent a diagnostic punch biopsy , histopathological examination , and immunohistochemical study for a pink - yellow colored mass infiltrating the bulbar conjunctiva in the lower fornix of the eyelid .
... |
amphibians are the most threatened vertebrate group , suffering large - scale declines in species diversity since at least , according to historical data , the 1970s ( stuart et al . , 2004 ) .
a decade ago the iucn 's global amphibian assessment indicated that a third of the estimated amphibian species had declined... | highlightsfirst frog ( 11 families , 6 genera , 29 spp . )
haemoparasite survey in south africa.showing a higher biodiversity as compared with similar research in africa.intraerythrocytic and extracellular haemoparasites of five groups found.hepatozoon and trypanosoma spp .
were the most prevalent.protected areas b... |
the smoking of tobacco is the most prevalent cause of lung cancer , which is the leading cause of cancer mortality in the world towards the end of the 20th century [ 1 , 2 ] .
each year approximately 200 000 new cases of lung cancer are diagnosed in the united states , and there were over 160 000 lung cancer ... | background . to further improve the screening , diagnosis , and therapy of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) additional diagnostic tools are urgently needed .
gene expression of cyclooxygenase-2 ( cox-2 ) has been linked to prognosis in patients with nsclc .
the role of the cox-2 926g > c single nuc... |
most cases of isolated third nerve palsy are attributable to disease states that affect the vascular system , including diabetes mellitus and hypertension.1 however , we must carefully consider other causes in young patients without vasculopathic risk factors .
multiple sclerosis , sjogren s syndrome , antiphospholip... | in this case report , we describe a case of isolated oculomotor nerve palsy associated with antibodies to mitotic spindle apparatus ( anti - msa ) .
a 28-year - old female patient had acute , painful vertical diplopia .
she had limited depression and adduction in the right eye .
there was no relative afferent pup... |
trauma is one of the most common causes of hospital admission and in - hospital mortality [ 1 - 3 ] .
recently , the mortality rate in severe trauma patients has decreased [ 4 - 6 ] due to emphasis on damage control resuscitation ( dcr ) .
blood product transfusion plays an important role in early dcr and improved ... | backgroundthere is no existing adequate blood transfusion needs determination tool that emergency medical services ( ems ) personnel can use for prehospital blood transfusion initiation . in this study ,
a simple and pragmatic prehospital blood transfusion needs scoring system was derived and validated.methodslocal t... |
common foreign bodies ingested by children include coins , magnets , disk batteries , bezoars , fish or chicken bones , buttons , pins , pen or bottle caps , and marbles .
potential small bowel complications owing to the ingestion of foreign bodies include bowel obstruction , perforation , fistula , bleeding , absces... | abstractingestion of a foreign body is common among children .
however , ingestion of foam earplugs ( feps ) has not been reported previously .
a 7-month - old female infant presented with small bowel obstruction , which was finally proved to be a case of fep ingestion.computed tomography ( ct ) phantom study was p... |
virtually all colon cancers display either chromosome instability ( cin ) or microsatellite instability ( msi - h ) indicating that genomic instability is central to colon cancer formation . in hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes , germline forms of key genetic defects
inactivation of the dna mismatch repair syste... | microsatellite instability ( msi - h ) induced by defects of the dna mismatch repair system results in insertion or deletion of single nucleotides at short repetitive dna sequences . about 15% of sporadic and approximately 90% of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancers display msi - h .
when affecting coding regio... |
inflammatory fibroid polyps ( ifps ) are rare , localized , non - neoplastic lesions originating in the submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract .
the disease was first described in the stomach by vanek in 1949 and is a benign , non - encapsulated lesion , composed mainly of loose connective tissues , vessels and wi... | inflammatory fibroid polyps ( vanek 's tumor ) are rare benign localized lesions originating in the submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract .
intussusceptions due to inflammatory fibroid polyps are uncommon ; moreover , ileo - ileal intussusception with small bowel necrosis and perforation has rarely been reported . ... |
the clinical features of 45,x/46,xy patients are variable , and the typically include ,
turner - like syndrome with bilateral streak gonads with mllerian structures and turner
syndrome stigmata , mixed gonadal dysgenesis ( mgd ) with unilateral testis and a streak gonad ,
male gender with bilateral testes ( any c... | abstractin 45,x/46,xy dsds , the proportion of the two cell lineages is uneven in different organs
and tissues , and 45,x and 46,xy cells can be found throughout the body .
the gonadal
development of 45,x/46,xy patients depends on the population of 46,xy cells in the gonads
and the clinical features are variabl... |
failure to ensure drinking - water safety may expose the community to the risk of outbreaks of intestinal and other infectious diseases .
water - borne diseases are caused by ingestion of contaminated water with pathogens contained in human or animal excreta .
the disease burden of unsafe water , sanitation and hyg... | background : water , sanitation and hygiene have a very important role in public health .
poor sanitation is the cause of water contamination , which causes many types of diseases .
the aim of this paper was to present the
attributable death and disability adjusted life year ( dalys ) of untreated water and insan... |
ketamine , a dissociative anesthetic agent , is an n - methyl - d - aspartate receptor antagonist .
ketamine abusers presenting with severe dysuria , frequency , urgency , gross hematuria , and suprapubic pain have been reported worldwide since the first description by shahani et al . .
performed augmentation enter... | a 28-year - old female with a 1-year history of ketamine abuse developed ketamine - associated urinary symptoms that were refractory to conservative treatment after the complete cessation of ketamine use .
smooth voiding with increased bladder capacity and minimal postvoid residual urine volume were achieved by perfo... |
chronic pain is a complex and multifaceted condition that affects at least 100 million adults in the united states and is a leading cause of disability worldwide 1 , 2 .
refractory chronic pain poses special challenges to clinicians . in the context of evaluation for advanced pain management , deer et al .
, in the... | introductionziconotide is a nonopioid analgesic for intrathecal ( it ) administration .
the aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive and clinically relevant summary of the literature on dosing and administration with it ziconotide in the management of refractory chronic pain , and to describe novel dosing str... |
a 58-year - old female patient with relapse - remitting multiple sclerosis since 1992 had been treated from 1999 until 2007 with interferon beta-1a at two different doses .
because of leukopenia and increasing relapses , immunomodulatory therapy was switched to natalizumab ( tysabri ) in 2007 . after only one relapse... | this case describes typical ophthalmic findings as a key feature for diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ( pml ) and its possible differential diagnosis . a 58-year - old female patient with relapsing - remitting multiple sclerosis on immunotherapy with natalizumab developed visual disturbance , rea... |
we identified patients reported to the oregon health division with pulmonary tb during 20052006 who lived within the portland metropolitan region ( clackamas , multnomah , and washington counties ) .
this region had a combined population of 1.55 million in 20052006 ( 7 ) . in 2000 , the predominant ethnicity in this ... | to determine whether tuberculosis ( tb ) and nontuberculous mycobacteria ( ntm ) infection patients could be distinguished from one another with limited information , we compared pulmonary tb and ntm patients during 20052006 .
our finding that age , birthplace , and presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease c... |
an encephalocele is cystic congenital malformation in which central nervous system structures herniated through a defect in the cranium in communication with cerebrospinal fluid pathways .
the incidence of encephalocele is reported to vary in different parts of the world depending on the geographic region , gender of... | introduction : encephalocele , midline defect of cranial bone fusion , occurs most frequently in the occipital region . airway management in pediatric patients with craniofacial disorders poses many challenges to the anesthesiologist . the purpose of this study is to describe the airway problems encountered for such ca... |
all authors of this letter declare that we qualify for authorship as defined by icmje .
each author has participated sufficiently in the work and takes public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content of this article .
mine onenerk and sule canberk drafted the manuscript ; pembegul gunes , and murat... | poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma ( pdtc ) is a very rare entity , and the diagnosis can be made on histopathology specimens . however ,
recognition of characteristic features of pdtc is significant on fine - needle aspirations ( fnas ) to differentiate this entity from well - differentiated and anaplastic thyr... |
according to the world health organization , cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death .
globally more people die annually from cardiovascular disorders than from any other cause.1 in particular , the global burden of disease study classified ischemic heart disease as the leading cause of global mortali... | objectiveswe studied the progression of coronary atherosclerosis over time as detected by multidetector computed tomography ( mdct ) in relation to risk factors and plaque composition.backgroundstudies using mdct are limited to the assessment of the degree of stenosis without taking into consideration the plaque compos... |
can electrophysiological assessments of brain function be useful to the intensive care physician in their daily clinical practice ?
first , it should be emphasized that collaborations between intensive care physicians and electrophysiologists , particularly in this highly specialized context , lead to the publication... | changes in electroencephalogram parameters and auditory event - related potentials , induced by interruption to propofol sedation in intensive care patients , provide a number of electrophysiological measures that can be used to assess neurological function accurately .
studies of electroencephalogram parameters sugg... |
diarrhea is the second leading cause of death for children less than five years of age worldwide ( 1 ) . despite efforts in the past two decades that have resulted remarkable progress in reducing mortality , diarrhea in children
different types of microbes or parasites can cause diarrhea yet viruses are often the cau... | background : viruses are one of the major reasons of gastrointestinal disease worldwide , and commonly infect children less than five years of age in developing countries.objectives:the current study aimed to determine the frequency of adenoviruses , rotaviruses and noroviruses among diarrhea samples collected from inf... |
this 1300-page virtual volume represents the 20th annual database issue of nucleic acids research ( nar ) .
it includes descriptions of 88 new online databases , 77 update articles on databases that have been previously featured in the nar database issue ( table 1 ) and 11 articles with updates on database resources ... | the 20th annual database issue of nucleic acids research includes 176 articles , half of which describe new online molecular biology databases and the other half provide updates on the databases previously featured in nar and other journals .
this year s highlights include two databases of dna repeat elements ; sever... |
pro - mmp-1 , pro - mmp-2 , pro - mmp-8 , and pro - mmp-9 were purchased from calbiochem .
proenzymes were activated immediately prior to use with p - aminophenylmercuric acetate ( apma 2 mm for 1 h at 37c for mmp-2 and mmp-8 , apma 2 mm for 2 h at 37c for mmp-1 , and apma 1 mm for 1 h at 37c for mmp-9 ) . for ... | a number of matrix metalloproteinases ( mmps ) are important medicinal targets for conditions ranging from rheumatoid arthritis to cardiomyopathy , periodontal disease , liver cirrhosis , multiple sclerosis , and cancer invasion and metastasis , where they showed to have a dual role , inhibiting or promoting important ... |
sterols , also known as alcohol steroids , are hydrophobic compounds that occur naturally in most of the living forms .
this class of compounds can be easily incorporated into sediments , where they remain well preserved , representing good tracers of sources , changes , and preservation of organic matter ( om ) .
... | sterols and triterpenols present in sedimentary cores from 12 stations along the canania - iguape estuarine - lagoonal system were investigated by ultra - high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry ( uhplc - ms / ms ) .
ten sterols and three triterpenols were identified and quantified , indicatin... |
rheumatoid arthritis commonly affects the cervical spine , and if left untreated , can result in progressive debilitating neurological morbidity and increased mortality .
there are several , overlapping pathological processes occurring in the cervical spine of the symptomatic rheumatoid patient .
these include : at... | context : surgery for the rheumatoid cervical spine has been shown to stabilize the unstable spine ; arrest / improve the progression of neurological deficit , help neck pain , and possibly decelerate the degenerative disease process .
operative intervention for the rheumatoid spine has significantly changed over the... |
lupus vulgaris is a chronic , progressive , post - primary , paucibacillary form of cutaneous tuberculosis ( tb ) , occurring in a person with moderate or high - degree of immunity .
lupus vulgaris is the most common form of cutaneous tb in adults in the indian subcontinent and south africa .
all age groups are equ... | background : lupus vulgaris is the most common form of cutaneous tuberculosis in adults .
lupus vulgaris is caused by hematogenous , lymphatic , or contiguous spread from elsewhere in the body .
histologically it is charecterised by typical tubercles with or without caseation , surrounded by epitheloid histiocytes ... |
characteristically regarded as response to tissue injury or pathogenic insult , inflammation is a multifaceted process that involves a host of resident and recruited immune cell types working together to promote the elimination of insult or injury and initiate tissue repair . in the female reproductive tract ( fmrt ) ,... | inflammation is a multifaceted process involving a host of resident and recruited immune cells that eliminate the insult or injury and initiate tissue repair . in the female reproductive tract ( fmrt ) ,
inflammation - mediated alterations in epithelial , vascular , and immune functions are important components of co... |
tc derived from the follicular epithelial cell can be divided into well - differentiated , poorly differentiated , and undifferentiated types on the basis of histological and clinical parameters .
differentiated thyroid carcinomas ( dtcs ) include papillary ( ptc ) and follicular ( ftc ) histotypes .
anaplastic thy... | there is compelling evidence that the tumor microenvironment plays a major role in mediating aggressive features of cancer cells , including invasive capacity and resistance to conventional and novel therapies . among the different cell populations that infiltrate cancer stroma , mast cells ( mcs )
can influence seve... |
lumbar fusion is a procedure for treatment of degenerative lumbar disease , as a degenerated and mobile lumbar segment could lead to pain8 ) .
additionally , lumbar fusion operations , such as instrumented posterolateral fusion ( plf ) and posterior lumbar interbody fusion ( plif ) , can provide patients suffering fr... | objectiveto determine the outcome of posterolateral fusion ( plf ) for patients over 70 years of age with degenerative lumbar spinal disease.methodsthe authors reviewed 18 patients ( 13 women and 5 men ) over 70 years of age who underwent plf with a minimum 2-years follow - up at a single institution .
the parameters... |
colonoscopy revealed a deformed appendicular orifice with a mass causing indentation of the cecum ( figure 1 ) .
computerized tomography ( ct ) of abdomen showed solid mass close to 2 cm involving the base of appendix ( figure 2 ) .
ct abdomen showing appendix in midline with a filling defect at its base ( green a... | key clinical messageendometriosis should be entertained as part of differential diagnosis in females in child - bearing age group when there is an incidental finding of solid neoplasm on imaging .
it helps to guide physicians for appropriate management .
it is important to emphasize that no radiological or imaging ... |
korean society is rapidly aging in comparison to other developd countries . in 2000 , korea became an aging population with 7.2% of the total population aged 65 or older .
it has been estimated that korea will become an aged society in 2019 , and a super - aged society in 202617 ) .
hence , it is safe to assume tha... | objectiveto investigate a suitable animal model for studies of male osteoporosis .
osteoporosis has a particularly high incidence in postmenopausal women , resulting in a substantial amount of research with respect to this disease in women . however , research on osteoporosis in men is still lacking.methodstwenty 10-... |
they are heterogeneous cells with distinct functions and respond differently to various microenvironmental signals and thus have distinct functions .
macrophages derived from hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow or from progenitor cells in the embryonal yolk sac
differentiate into two distinct types of macropha... | the majority of basic and clinical studies have shown a protumor function of tumor - associated macrophages ( tams ) , which represent a large proportion of matrix cells .
tams promote tumorigenesis , and their number is related to the malignancy degree and poor prognosis of many kinds of tumors .
macrophage plasti... |
sensory information about human movements is obtained by comprehensively processing
proprioceptive sensations provided by cutaneous afferent sensory organs as well as articular
mechanoreceptors and muscle receptors1 .
humans maintain an appropriate posture and perform precise motions based on information sent
b... | [ purpose ] this study aimed to examine the effects of muscle fatigue on skin sensation by
looking at changes in two - point discrimination ( 2pd ) after inducing muscle fatigue .
[ subjects ] thirty - four young and healthy adults with no pathological symptoms ( 17 males ;
17 females ) participated in this study... |
attention - deficit hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ) is characterized by inattentiveness , hyperactivity , impulsivity , or a combination of these features.1 adhd is the most common behavioral disorder in school - aged children ( the incidence ranges from 3% to 7%)1 and is frequently accompanied by serious complications... | backgroundattention - deficit hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ) persists into adulthood in a high proportion of cases , causing social difficulties and affective problems .
we evaluated the prevalence of symptoms of adhd and the correlates thereof in korean college students.methodsa total of 2,172 college students , st... |
acute sore throats are one of the most commonly seen conditions in general practice , rating as the third most common disease to be treated in the united states .
the disease encompasses any upper respiratory tract infection most often caused by viruses or bacteria in which pain in the throat is the predominant sympt... | backgroundthe aim of this trial was to assess the relative efficacy of a sage / echinacea spray and a chlorhexidine / lidocaine spray in the treatment of acute sore throats.methodsthis was a multicenter , randomized , double - blind , double - dummy controlled trial carried out in eleven general practices in switzerlan... |
although prostate - specific antigen ( psa ) testing for prostate cancer screening has lowered death rates due to prostate cancer , there is growing concern that clinically insignificant prostate cancer would be detected in many men in the population , and also at an earlier age , leading to therapies that otherwise wo... | introduction : we hypothesized that there is a reverse stage migration , or a shift toward operating on higher - risk prostate cancer , in patients undergoing robot - assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy ( ralp ) .
we therefore evaluated the stage of disease at the time of surgery for patients with prostate cancer at ... |
trace elements like zinc , copper , manganese , and selenium act as essential components of antioxidant enzymes . several antioxidants and trace elements in the human body
copper and zinc act as cofactors for the proper functioning of superoxide dismutase ( sod ) .
zinc is required to maintain adequate levels of gl... | objective : in our previous studies we have evaluated the role of antioxidants and trace elements in potentially malignant disorders and cancers of the oral cavity , taking into consideration the importance of antioxidants as biomarkers in cancer detection .
we felt that other than evaluation , the correlation and in... |
polarized cells have an uneven distribution of active atpases and they position their mitochondria so that atp is produced close to where it is needed . transportation of mitochondria to meet local energy needs is especially critical in neurons , where the site of mitochondrial production in the cell body ( davis and c... | the kinesin motor typically binds to cargo through its light chains . in this issue
glater et al .
( p. 545 ) demonstrate a new type of linkage through the adapter protein , milton , and the mitochondrial membrane gtpase , miro .
this is an important result because it represents a new mechanism of cargo binding a... |
systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) is a systemic autoimmune illness with a complex and multifactorial pathogenesis .
patients can exhibit a wide range of symptoms including increased photosensitivity to ultraviolet radiation ( uv ) exposure , combined with immunological markers of antinuclear antibody positivity . ... | this study explores links between vitamin d deficiency ( 25(oh)d = 50 nmol / l ) and serological autoimmunity ( ana > 1 : 80 ) and frequency of self - reported flares ( srf ) in participants with clinical autoimmunity ( sle ) .
25(oh)d levels of 121 females were quantified and compared .
the cohort consisted of ... |
sudden cardiac death is a significant public health issue , affecting 150,000 - 450,000 patients in the united states each year [ 1 , 2 ] .
clinical trial data has shown that implantable cardioverter - defibrillators ( icds ) significantly reduce mortality in patients with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction... | implantable cardioverter - defibrillators ( icds ) significantly reduce mortality in patients with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction ( lvef ) and heart failure ( hf ) . however , shortcomings of lvef to accurately identify those at greatest risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias have led to the pursuit of alte... |
tuberculosis ( tb ) is a pandemic and is among the top 10 killer infectious diseases , second only to the human immunodeficiency virus .
it has a worthy reputation as one of the great mimickers in medicine with a multitude of clinical pictures and variations .
skeletal involvement is not common and is observed in 1... | tuberculosis ( tb ) has aptly been called the great mimicker .
a 14-year - old boy , who had been treated for hodgkin 's lymphoma 2 years back and had been in remission , underwent a whole body 18f - fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography / computed tomography ( 18f - fdg pet / ct ) scan , owing to a recent ons... |
studies have shown that 30 minutes of moderate intensity exercise can confer health benefits if performed on most days of the week ( 5 days / wk ) [ 1 , 2 ] .
these benefits include weight maintenance , weight loss , cardiovascular risk management [ 4 , 5 ] , and the avoidance of metabolic dysfunction such as type 2... | the purpose of this study was ( 1 ) to determine if overweight / obese individuals ( age 2650 y ) would self - select moderate exercise intensity when asked to do so and ( 2 ) to determine how this self - selected workload compared to exercising at a workload ( 60% peak aerobic capacity ) that is known to provide card... |
after common bile duct exploration and choledocholithotomy , insertion of a biliary drainage catheter has been applied as the standard procedure to prevent complications . among them , t - tube insertion has been applied most widely because of the advantage of decompressing the bile duct efficiently , as well as assess... | purposet - tube is a major procedure that prevents complication by biliary decompression , but which is accompanied by complications .
therefore , several procedures such as enbd , ptbd , and antegrade biliary stent have been attempted , but with controversies as to which procedure is superior . also , there are no s... |
the incidence of renal cell carcinoma ( rcc ) is estimated to be 46.000 per year in the european union with an annual increase of 2 - 3% .
men develop renal cell carcinoma more often with a 1.5 : 1 -ratio compared to women . with a mean age of 65 years at first diagnosis , 25 - 35% of patients present with metastatic... | objectives and aimsto compare guideline recommendations with daily practice patterns in a german patient cohort with renal cell carcinoma.patients and methods81 patients with t1 oder t2 renal cell carcinoma ( rcc ) were included in this prospective single - center study .
all patients were operated in a single instit... |
the complement system , comprising more than 30 proteins , represents one of the early components that interact with the pathogen .
it contributes to host defense against infection directly by its opsonic , inflammatory , and lytic activities and indirectly by enhancing antibody responses .
complement interacts wit... | activation of the complement component c3 is an important step in the complement cascade , contributing to inflammatory mechanisms .
considerable research on gene - disrupted mycobacterial strains using animal models of tuberculosis infection has reported the roles of some of the mycobacterial genes during tuberculos... |
the term hospice originates from hospitum which was an inn on the road during medieval times providing a place of shelter and rest for travelers , pilgrims and the sick and injured warriors . at present time , this term suggests the site or the system of care for patients in their final stages of life .
in fact e... | context : due to expansion of chronic diseases and increase of health care costs , there is a need for planning and delivering hospice care for patients in their final stages of life in iran .
the aim of the present study is to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of nurses about delivering hospice care for end of... |
as a pioneer writes ups , mandibular fractures have been extensively described in early egyptian writings .
this incidence is affected by several factors including the patient 's age , sex and socioeconomic status , as well as the etiology of the trauma .
the anatomical distribution of the fracture site is largely ... | objective : to assess the relationship between impacted mandibular third molar presence and the risk for mandibular angle fracture with the effect of various positions of mandibular third molar and the risk of mandibular angle fracture.materials and methods : in the north indian territory , a total of 289 patients with... |
psoriasis is a chronic , relapsing , and often painful , immune - mediated inflammatory skin disorder that affects > 3% of the us adult population over age 20.14 the majority of these patients present with plaque - type psoriasis ( psoriasis vulgaris ) , which is characterized by erythematous , well - circumscribed pap... | backgroundrecent studies into the pathogenesis of psoriasis have identified the importance of interleukin 17 ( il-17 ) in disease activity and have thus provided a new target for biologic therapy .
ixekizumab , the most recent us food and drug administration ( fda)-approved anti - il-17 biologic agent , appears to be... |
pheochromocytoma ( pcc ) is a rare catecholamine - producing neuroendocrine tumor originating from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla . even if a pcc is initially diagnosed as benign on the basis of histopathological findings , it is possible for metastasis to occur in other organs after resection .
the stan... | malignant pheochromocytoma ( pcc ) is a rare condition .
although the liver is the second most frequent site of metastasis in malignant pcc , no definite treatments have been established .
herein , we report a case of liver metastasis of pcc that was successfully treated by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization ... |
to support an unsaturated fe(-h)fe
unit , we synthesized the bulky hexadentate ligand , [ sip2o]h2 ( 2 ) . compound 2 is synthesized
by the controlled hydrolysis of previously reported bis(o - diisopropylphosphino - phenyl)-chlorosilane ( 1 ) ( scheme 1 ) .
the ligand exhibits
a singlet in the p{h } nmr spectru... | transient
hydride ligands bridging two or more iron centers purportedly
accumulate on the iron molybdenum cofactor ( femoco ) of nitrogenase ,
and their role in the reduction of n2 to nh3 is unknown .
one role of these ligands may be to facilitate n2 coordination at an iron site of femoco .
herein , we consi... |
as part of a community - based hiv-1 prevention campaign , february 2001january 2003 , we collected oral questionnaire data about basic demographics and behavior associated with exposure to the blood or body fluids of wild animals .
in addition , blood samples were collected and transported to a central laboratory fo... | hiv-1 is an immunosuppressive pathogen .
our behavioral data for 191 hiv-1infected rural cameroonians show frequent exposure to nonhuman primates through activities such as hunting and butchering .
immunosuppression among persons exposed to body fluids of wild nonhuman primates could favor the process of adaptation... |
among congenital malformations , neural tube defect ( ntd ) cases occupy a special place because of the implicit damage that occurs in the different structures of the nervous system , damages which render them incompatible with life .
the most common types of ntd are anencephaly , spina bifida and encephalocele , all... | objectivethe purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of neurotoxic inorganic elements in the hair of patients with the diagnosis of neural tube defects .
our initial hypothesis was that neurotoxic inorganic elements were associated with neural tube defects.methodstwenty-three samples of hair from newbo... |
nitride materials are highly attractive semiconductor materials because of their great potential for the development of optoelectronic devices in blue / green light emitting diodes , semiconductor lasers , and optical detectors [ 1 - 4 ] . the most common orientation of sapphire used as a substrate for gan is c - axis ... | in this study , we used metal organic chemical vapor deposition to form gallium nitride ( gan ) epilayers on c- and a - axis sapphire substrates and then used the nanoscratch technique and atomic force microscopy ( afm ) to determine the nanotribological behavior and deformation characteristics of the gan epilayers , r... |
suid herpesvirus 1 ( suhv-1 ) is the causative agent of aujeszky 's disease , a disease of great impact on the swine industry . due to the important economic losses caused by this disease , notification of any outbreak
infected young pigs suffer from neurological damage , whereas infected adults suffer from abortion ... | suid herpesvirus 1 ( suhv-1 ) is the causative agent of aujeszky 's disease .
the infectious agent has only one serotype , but it was classified by restriction enzyme analysis of the whole genome into four genotypes , named i to iv .
the aim of this study was to standardize a rapid method for genotyping suhv-1 with... |
pancreatic beta cell dysfunction is a key pathophysiological target in diabetes mellitus [ 13 ] .
the concept that glucose via glycation as well as glucotoxicity is one of the main damaging molecules is widely accepted [ 4 , 5 ] .
furthermore , hyperglycemia increases the production of ages , a group of compounds d... | advanced glycation end products ( ages ) might play a pathophysiological role in the development of diabetes and its complications .
ages negatively affect pancreatic beta - cell function and the expression of transcriptional factors regulating insulin gene .
glucagon - like peptide-1 ( glp-1 ) , an incretin hormon... |
tuberculosis ( tb ) is an infectious disease that affected approximately nine million individuals in 2013 , killing an estimated 1.5 million .
roughly 13% of patients with tb are also infected with human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) , and approximately one fourth of deaths from tb ( 360,000 cases ) occur among hiv ... | backgroundwhile tuberculosis ( tb ) can be diagnosed by microscopy and culture , the sensitivity of ziehl - neelsen staining is variable and culture results require 4 - 8 weeks to be determined .
polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) and its modifications , including nested pcr , might be promising methods for the rapid ... |
zoonotic diseases are of great public health importance in india ( 4 ) , where 68% of the workforce relies on farming that is in close contact with domestic animals and poultry with frequent exposure to sick or infected animals .
other than causation , factors that contribute to the dissemination of zoonoses are : un... | zoonoses constitute 868 ( 61% ) of all known infectious diseases , 75% of the infections considered
emerging are zoonoses . developed nations have national programmes , adjoining
one health
concept to combat zoonoses , whereas inadequacies exist in developing nations . as a case study , role of national programme... |
autonomous cortisol secretion in patients with no typical signs or symptoms of hypercortisolism is defined as " subclinical cushing syndrome " ( scs ) .
an increased frequency of hypertension , central obesity , impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes , hyperlipemia , and osteoporosis have been described in patients w... | subclinical cushing syndrome ( scs ) is a hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal axis abnormality characterized by autonomous cortisol secretion in patients with no typical signs or symptoms of cushing syndrome .
scs patients may have adverse metabolic and cardiovascular effects due to slight , but continuous glucocortic... |
for years , it was thought that while communicable diseases ( cd ) were hurting low and middle - income countries , noncommunicable diseases ( ncd ) mostly affected - high income countries . as shown in other parts of this special issue , however
, ncds are probably the most important health threat the world is confr... | the paper emphasizes the vital need to address the rising burden of noncommunicable diseases ( ncds ) in india with a health systems approach .
the authors argue that adoption of such approach may soon be imperative . applying the health systems framework developed by the who in 2000 to ncds means in summary re - exa... |
clinical trials have shown that statins are efficacious in managing dyslipidaemia and that rosuvastatin is more efficacious than other statins in lowering ldl - c .
there have been only a few studies that examined the effectiveness of statins in clinical practice , outside the controlled trial setting .
most of the... | summaryobjective : this study compared effectiveness of rosuvastatin ( rsv ) with other statins on lowering ldl - c and ldl - c goal attainment among medicare - eligible patients ( age 65 years ) and patients with age < 65 years treated in usual clinical practice to provide evidence of real - world effectiveness of st... |
juvenile polyposis syndrome ( jps ) is an uncommon hamartomatous disorder with significant gastrointestinal malignant potential .
approximately one - third of all jps cases have familial juvenile polyposis ( fjp ) , with a history of similar lesions in at least one first - degree relative.1 fjp is a rare ( < 1 out of... | familial juvenile polyposis ( fjp ) is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disorder that is characterized by the development of multiple distinct juvenile polyps in the gastrointestinal tract and an increased risk of cancer .
recently , germline mutations , including mutations in the smad4 , bmpr1a , pten and , poss... |
low back pain ( lbp ) , a very common complaint among middle aged population affecting 90% of all adults at least once in a lifetime and is usually associated with muscle spasm that is responsible for persistence pain . higher incidence of lbp is reported in indian population in younger patients due to occupational e... | background : the fixed dose combinations ( fdcs ) of muscle relaxants , non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs and paracetamol are commonly prescribed in the treatment of acute lower backache.aim:the present study was undertaken with the aim of comparing the efficacy and safety of fdcs of thiocolchicoside and aceclo... |
in recent years , the importance of exercises to strengthen core stability has been stressed
and such movements have increased in popularity . the term core is used to describe the
lumbo - pelvic and abdominal regions of the body , and core stability
refers to the ability
to maintain body position stability ... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of pelvic diagonal
movements , made with and without resistance , on the thickness of lumbar multifidus
muscles .
[ subjects and methods ] participants in this study were healthy subjects who had
no musculoskeletal disorders or lumbar - related pa... |
schizophrenia comprises a group of chronic and debilitating psychiatric disorders , characterized by abnormalities in thinking , perception , and emotion .
schizophrenia is rare in children , affecting about 1 in 1,000 , compared to 1 in 100 in adults , with a male / female rate of 1.67 ( campbell et al 1997 ; nicols... | although schizophrenia has been diagnosed in children , this group of disorders has received too little attention in the clinical and research literature .
preliminary data suggest that early onset schizophrenia ( eos ) and very early onset schizophrenia ( veos ) tend to have a worse outcome than adult onset schizoph... |
however , infectious disease research has been and still is the province of many separate disciplines including veterinary medicine , plant pathology , and human medicine , where these fields are defined by the host organism being studied rather than by the concepts that cut across taxonomic boundaries . in the past de... | pathogens traverse disciplinary and taxonomic boundaries , yet infectious disease research occurs in many separate disciplines including plant pathology , veterinary and human medicine , and ecological and evolutionary sciences .
these disciplines have different traditions , goals , and terminology , creating gaps in... |
the breast is the most common site of primary malignancies in adult women , but is an uncommon site for metastasis from extramammary malignancies .
the incidence of metastasis to the breast varies from 1.7 to 6.6% in autopsy series , due to the inclusion or exclusion of patients with leukemia or lymphoma in different... | breast metastases from extramammary malignancies are uncommon .
the most common sources are lymphomas / leukemias and melanomas .
some of the less common sources include carcinomas of the lung , ovary , and stomach , and infrequently , carcinoid tumors , hypernephromas , carcinomas of the liver , tonsil , pleura , ... |
at baseline , the dcct studied 1,441 subjects aged between 13 and 39 years with type 1 diabetes for 115 years who were generally in good health .
subjects were randomly assigned to intensive ( int ) or conventional ( conv ) therapy and were followed for a mean of 6.5 years ( 1 ) .
the edic study enrolled 1,375 of t... | objectiveto describe the sensitivity , specificity , positive predictive value , and negative predictive value of vibration perception threshold ( vpt ) testing in subjects with type 1 diabetes relative to gold standard assessments of peripheral neuropathy.research design and methodsvpt was determined in 1,177 adults w... |
cartilage biopsies , bone marrow ( bm ) , and blood samples were taken from 30 patients with oa ( aged 62 - 85 years ) undergoing total knee replacement .
the average age of the study participants was 74.5 6.4 years , and there were 22 female and 8 male subjects included in the study ( table 1 ) .
all subjects ass... | objective : the multipotential nature of stem or progenitor cells apparently makes them the ideal choice for any cell therapy , but this as yet remains to be proven .
this study ( 30 subjects ) was designed to compare the potential to repair articular cartilage of chondrocytes taken from different regions in osteoart... |
combined chemoradiotherapy is increasingly being used to treat advanced head and neck cancers . during radiotherapy , the ear structures are often included in the radiation fields and it is generally accepted that radiation - induced sensorineural hearing loss can result .
cisplatin ( cddp ) , widely used as an effec... | objective . combined cisplatin ( cddp ) and radiotherapy is increasingly being used to treat advanced head and neck cancers . as both cddp and radiation can cause hearing loss , it is important to have a better understanding of the cellular and molecular ototoxic mechanisms involved in combined therapy .
procedure . ... |
malocclusion is considered one of the most common dental problems together with dental caries , gingival disease , and dental fluorosis.1 malocclusion may cause unpleasant appearance , impaired oral function , speech problems , tempromandibular disorders , increased susceptibility to trauma and periodontal disease.2 id... | background : identifying occlusal status in a particular population will be valuable in planning the appropriate preventive and treatment programs .
the purpose of this study was to assess the status of occlusion among school children in riyadh , saudi arabia.materials and methods : this study was conducted at riyadh... |
infective endocarditis ( ie ) is a severe acquired heart disease , which is frequently observed in kawasaki disease , neonates and infants suffering from severe infections , as well as children with a correction of congenital heart disease ( chd ) at a younger age .
although antibacterial therapy is the current mains... | abstractpulmonary artery dissection ( pad ) is a rare condition with high mortality and has not been reported in patient with infective endocarditis ( ie ) . here
, we report the first case of such patient who experienced pda and survived after surgical intervention.a 10-year - old female child was diagnosed as ie wi... |
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