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plasmonic nanoparticle networks ( pnn ) were synthesized by the method reported in references . briefly , au nanoparticles were freshly prepared by the citrate reduction method at a citrate : [ aucl4 ] molar ratio of 5.2 : 1 and diluted to the required concentration with 18 m.cm deionized water .
the assembly of the ... | harnessing the optical properties of noble metals down to the nanometer - scale is a key step towards fast and low - dissipative information processing . at the 10-nm length scale
, metal crystallinity and patterning as well as probing of surface plasmon ( sp ) properties must be controlled with a challenging high le... |
for rna and dna extraction , 150 to 200 cells were collected from undifferentiated colonies by mechanical fragmentation using a stemproezpassage disposable stem cell passaging tool ( invitrogen , cat # 23181 - 010 ) . for amplified cdna , a customized version of the macs superamp kit ( miltenyi biotec ) and for wga ... | combined transcriptome and whole genome sequencing of the same ultra - low input sample down to single cells is a rapidly evolving approach for the analysis of rare cells . besides stem cells , rare cells originating from tissues like tumor or biopsies , circulating tumor cells and cells from early embryonic developmen... |
a total of 301 patients with hbv - related hcc were included in this study .
hcc and non - tumourous tissues were obtained from surgical resections from december 2005 to december 2008 .
diagnosis of hcc was based on the criteria from european association for the study of the liver 20 . according to the barcelona cl... | backgroundepigenetic alterations are well documented in hepatocarcinogenesis .
however , hypomethylation of long interspersed nuclear element 1(line-1 ) promoter and its relationship with clinicopathological features in hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) remain unknown.methodsthe bisulfite - specific pcr and dna sequen... |
coronary artery disease complicated by severe left ventricular ( lv ) dysfunction is associated with high morbidity and mortality with increased risk of sudden death , ventricular arrythmias and worsening heart failure and the choice of optimal treatment strategy in such patients is often challenging .
acute myocardi... | left ventricular dysfunction is a powerful prognostic predictor in patients with coronary artery disease and increasing number of patients with cad and ischemic left ventricular ( lv ) dysfunction is a major clinical problem .
congestive heart failure is a frequent complication which is associated with significant he... |
adjacent segment degeneration ( asd ) is a common complication of the adjacent motion segment after lumbar interbody fusion .
it generally refers to the abnormal alteration that occurs in the segment adjacent to the fused segment .
it has been reported that the incidences of asd in radiography and symptomatology ar... | backgroundthe purpose of this biomechanical in vitro study was to compare the kinematics and intradiscal pressure achieved with 2 methods : l4l5 pedicle screw - rod fixation ( psrf ) with an upper l3l4 coflex device and l4l5 psrf alone .
the results were used to characterize the biomechanics of the topping - off oper... |
self - microemulsifying formulations ( smfs ) consisting of oil , surfactant , and/or cosurfactant ( cosolvent ) provide a good solvent system for poorly water - soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients and a large oil / water ( o / w ) interface area , thereby incorporating active pharmaceutical ingredients into oil ... | in this study , a gelatin microparticle - containing self - microemulsifying formulation ( smf ) was developed using a spray - drying method to enhance the oral delivery of the poorly water - soluble therapeutic dutasteride .
the effect of the amount of gelatin and the type and amount of hydrophilic additives , namel... |
with an estimated incidence of 1 per 3000 live births cystic fibrosis ( cf ) is the most common inherited respiratory disease in the western world [ 1 , 2 ] .
cf is caused by dysfunction of the cf transmembrane conductance regulator ( cftr ) , a chloride channel present on epithelial cells .
thus , cftr mutations a... | cystic fibrosis is the most common inherited genetic respiratory disorder in the western world .
hypovitaminosis d is almost universal in cf patients , likely due to a combination of inadequate absorption , impaired metabolism , and lack of sun exposure .
inadequate levels are associated with the high prevalence of... |
child labor is prevalent worldwide [ 1 , 2 ] . schoolchildren who work are particularly vulnerable because their roles within various institutional structures are often subject to dramatic developmental shifts and normative crises .
family , school , and work subject adolescents to differing and sometimes contradicto... | background .
labor related injuries among palestinian schoolchildren are a significant undocumented public health concern .
this study aimed at documenting the prevalence and nature of work related injuries among schoolchildren as well as identifying sociodemographic factors that predict these injuries . methods . ... |
in recent years , several anesthetics that have anti - inflammatory and anti - infective effects apart from their uses for pain relief and muscle relaxation been found , which may yield new options for adjunctive treatment of acute inflammation .
for example , lidocaine , ketamine , isoflurane , and pentobarbital can... | backgroundthere are recent reports on several anesthetics that have anti - inflammatory and anti - infective effects apart from their uses for pain relief and muscle relaxation .
chloral hydrate is a clinical anesthetic drug and sedative that has also been reported to attenuate inflammatory response , but the mechani... |
reports from annual surveys of bladder cancer ( bc ) estimate that about 380,000 patients worldwide are newly diagnosed with bc each year , and that there are about 150,000 bc - related deaths each year , which verifies that bc is one of the top 10 cancers worldwide ( 12 ) .
between 25% and 30% of newly diagnosed pat... | we investigated trends in perioperative chemotherapy use , and determined factors associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy ( nac ) and adjuvant chemotherapy ( ac ) use in korean patients with muscle - invasive bladder cancer ( mibc ) .
we recruited 1,324 patients who had mibc without nodal invasion or metastases and ... |
primary brain tumours are tumours that arise within the brain tissue and the environs while secondary tumours originate from elsewhere in the body and spread to the brain . the main functional cell of the brain is called the neuron , while glial cells make up the supporting structures .
these glial cells are of diffe... | gliomas are the commonest primary brain tumours in adults .
they are usually classified and graded according to the criteria by the world health organisation .
high - grade gliomas are the most malignant primary brain tumours .
conventional therapies include surgery , radiotherapy , and chemotherapy .
the tumou... |
systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) is a chronic , inflammatory autoimmune disease capable of damaging multiple organs .
although the etiology of sle has not been fully elucidated , certain genetic factors have been implicated in its pathogenesis , clinical expression , and production of its characteristic autoantib... | background : systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) is a prototypic autoimmune disease with complex genetic inheritance .
this study was conducted to examine whether the association of a proliferation - inducing ligand ( april ) , spermatogenesis associated 8 ( spata8 ) , platelet - derived growth factor receptor - alp... |
voluntary breath regulation may involve changes in depth and rate of breathing , the nostril breathed through , and a period of breath holding , among other factors .
the breath rate is increased in a specific practice called high - frequency yoga breathing ( hfyb ) or kapalabhati ( kapala means forehead and bhati me... | backgroundhigh - frequency yoga breathing ( breath rate of 2.0 hz ) has been associated with changes in oxy - hemoglobin in the prefrontal region of the brain .
the present study assessed the effects of high - frequency yoga breathing ( hfyb ) at 1.0 hz on frontal oxy - hemoglobin ( oxy - hb ) and deoxy - hemoglobin ... |
histological grading of breast carcinoma using the nottingham method described by elston and ellis ( also called elston 's modified bloom and richardson method ) is a widely accepted tumor grading system and has been found to have good prognostic correlations . in recent years , fine needle aspiration ( fna )
attempt... | background : cytological grading ( cg ) on aspirates of breast carcinoma is a useful tool for surgical maneuver and prognosis.aims:an endeavor was made to use cg on aspirates of breast carcinoma using robinson 's grade and to correlate it with bloom richardsons histopathological grading.materials and methods : a total ... |
adenomatoid tumor ( at ) in the male genital tract is a relatively rare , benign tumor arising from mesothelial cells .
fine needle aspiration cytology ( fnac ) plays a very important role in preoperative diagnosis of adenomatoid tumors .
it is a more rapid , reliable , conclusive tool that helps to plan the surgic... | adenomatoid tumor is a benign neoplasm of mesothelial cell origin that occurs in both male and female genital tracts .
fine needle aspiration cytology has an important role in the preoperative diagnosis of the male genital adenomatoid tumor and is a rapid , reliable , conclusive , and cost - effective diagnostic tool... |
over the past decade the ability to engineer and produce materials at the nano- or near - atomic scale has triggered rapid product development due to their new interesting properties that were not previously seen at scales above the micrometer .
industrial applications using nanoparticles have resulted in an almost e... | zinc oxide nanoparticles ( zno - nps ) are increasingly used in sunscreens , biosensors , food additives , pigments , rubber manufacture , and electronic materials . with the wide application of zno - nps
, concern has been raised about its unintentional health and environmental impacts .
this study investigates th... |
worldwide , the metabolic syndrome ( mets ) is a major health problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) .
mets is a conglomerate of various risk factors which is known to increase the risk for development of cvd .
various terms which have been ascribed for this co... | backgrounddata of isolated metabolic syndrome as risk factor in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome ( acs ) especially in context to indian subcontinent are sparse .
therefore , we studied the prevalence of metabolic syndrome ( mets ) , and its clinical and angiographic profile in naive acs patients in n... |
many studies have investigated the association between end - stage renal disease or hemodialysis ( hd ) and depression.17 a review of the literature shows that 25%50% of hd patients exhibit depressive symptoms.1,2,8 although some single - center studies reported rates of depression or major depressive disorder in hd pa... | backgroundmany studies have investigated insomnia and the factors associated with this condition in hemodialysis ( hd ) patients , although the influence of hd duration has not been thoroughly investigated . in the present study , we investigated the factors , especially the duration of hd , associated with insomnia in... |
renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system ( raas ) plays a pivotal role in blood pressure regulation .
renin , the key enzyme of the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone cascade , plays a crucial role in the regulation of blood pressure , and ren may be a candidate gene for hypertension [ 1 , 2 ] .
previous study showe... | the human renin gene has been widely known to be involved in essential hypertension ( eh ) pathogenesis .
genetic variant c-5434 t of ren enhancer contributed to renin gene transcription and serum renin regulation .
however , the mechanism associated with the transcription level changes remains unknown , and only a... |
in this retrospective study , we reviewed the records of 73 consecutive patients with symptomatic degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis who underwent single or two - level instrumented posterolateral lumbar fusion at our hospital between january 2008 and january 2011 .
complete data were available for 44 cases ( 60.1% ... | backgroundfew studies have explored the effects of bisphosphonates on bony healing in patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery .
most previous studies used animal models and found that bisphosphonate shows negative effects on spinal fusion consolidation .
we intended to evaluate the effect of a single - dose of zo... |
chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to have arisen from endosymbiosis and as a consequence of mass gene relocation events lost most of their own dna during evolution . to sustain their various functions both chloroplasts and mitochondria depend on a large number of cytosolic proteins
it was thus far believed th... | abstractas semi - autonomous cell organelles that contain only limited coding information in their own dna , chloroplasts and mitochondria must import the vast majority of their protein constituents from the cytosol .
respective protein import machineries have been identified that mediate the uptake of chloroplast an... |
recombinant tissue plasminogen activator ( rt - pa ) has been used for a long time in the therapy of acute ischemic insult .
the application of intravenous thrombolysis for ischemic stroke has already been established as a standard treatment throughout the world .
for various reasons , however , only a small propor... | alteplase ( recombinant tissue plasminogen activator ) has been used in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke for 10 years .
the application of this drug is considered safe and effective . however , alteplase is also associated with side effects
. the author is reporting on an unusual side effect of angioedema tha... |
an 84-year - old asian woman with 1 year history of type 2 diabetes on metformin presented to diabetes clinic with deranged serum glucose [ fasting : 140(70110 mg / dl ) and 2-hour postprandial : 147(<140 mg / dl ) ] .
she complained of extreme weakness , fatigue , forgetfulness , somnolence , and a weight loss of 10... | apathetic form of thyrotoxicosis occurs in the elderly who can present with features of hyperglycemia , hypothyroidism , depression , or an internal malignancy . a clinical suspicion and timely diagnosis of hyperthyroidism is needed to define the correct etiology of existing problems , and to prevent grave complication... |
a bladder cancer composed of three different histological components : transitional cell carcinoma ( tcc ) , squamous cell carcinoma ( scc ) and adenocarcinoma , is very rare .
in addition , a sole inguinal lymph node metastasis from a urinary bladder carcinoma is an uncommon event . to the best of our knowledge ,
... | metastasis to the inguinal lymph nodes is a rare event in bladder cancer . in general , tumors at the metastatic foci
are histologically similar to the primary .
we report a metastatic adenocarcinoma in the inguinal lymph node from a primary , pure transitional cell carcinoma after radical cystectomy . |
atrial fibrillation ( af ) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with 5fold increased risk of ischemic stroke in patients with versus without af.1 afrelated stroke is more likely to be fatal , is frequently recurrent , and causes more severe functional disabilities than non
afrelated stroke.2
the... | backgroundrecent studies demonstrated that oral anticoagulants ( oacs ) should be considered for patients with atrial fibrillation and 1 risk factor in addition to sex . because age is an important determinant of ischemic stroke , the strategy for stroke prevention may be different for these patients in different age s... |
intrauterine constriction band syndrome has an incidence estimated to occur between 1:10,000 and 1:15,000 live births .
the condition encompasses a spectrum of terminology including streeter s syndrome / dysplasia , annular band / grove / defect , amniotic band syndrome , ring constriction syndrome , fetal amputation... | abstract
purpose : constriction band syndrome afflicting in utero development can lead to devastating and possibly fatal outcomes . a lack of consensus regarding noninvasive testing and surgical modalities is likely secondary to the continued poorly understood pathology .
methods : we provide a case report of a 6-m... |
our understanding of the function of osteocytes has expanded dramatically over the last decade primarily due to the identification of osteocytes specific markers , such as dentin matrix protein 1 ( dmp1 ) and sost / sclerostin , that has allowed , for the first time a closer look at the biology of these cells .
osteo... | the last decade has seen an exponential increase in our understanding of osteocytes function and biology .
these cells , once considered inert by - standers trapped into the mineralized bone , has now risen to be key regulators of skeletal metabolism , mineral homeostasis , and hematopoiesis . as tools and techniques... |
as the critical care community enters the new millennium , it will continue to encounter ethical challenges with regard to allocation , application , and use of newly emerging therapeutics .
critical care forum accepts this challenge and , in the coming months , will feature regular articles on ethical issues specifi... | attempts to improve survival demand that intensivists practice at the forefront of technology . in the present millennium ,
ethical challenges will arise during the development and use of emerging therapeutics , and when helping patients and families to decide how these tools should be used in the context of individu... |
cardiac remodeling may be defined as changes in the size , geometry , shape , composition , and function of the heart [ 14 ] . after acute myocardial infarction ( mi ) , this process is clinically characterized by an increase in the ventricular cavity . in the acute phase , ventricular dilation is a result of the infar... | summarybackgroundthe consequences of aggressive therapy following a myocardial infarction ( mi ) on ventricular remodeling are not well established .
thus , the objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence , clinical characteristics , and predictors of left ventricular remodeling in the era of modern medical... |
it is also the basis of vaccination , which was first attempted in india over a thousand years ago when smallpox inoculation to healthy people resulted in a milder epidemic , while protection lasted many years , particularly in the absence of reexposure to the antigen .
molecular immunology has now unravelled the ear... | autoantibodies have been associated with human pathologies for a long time , particularly with autoimmune diseases ( aids ) .
rheumatoid factor ( rf ) is known since the late 1930s to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) .
the discovery of anticitrullinated protein antibodies in the last century has chang... |
primary percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ) in acute st - segment elevation myocardial infarction ( stemi ) patients is a primary treatment because it has been shown to reduce the rate of death and major adverse cardiac events ( mace ) .
some researchers have suggested that multivessel coronary artery disease ... | objectiveto explore the impact of a
one - week staged multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ) versus culprit - only pci on deaths and major adverse cardiac events ( mace).methodswe retrospectively analyzed 447 patients with multivessel disease who experienced a st - segment elevation myocardial infar... |
dodecanethiol - capped
gold ( au ) nanocrystals serve as useful models
to study superlattice assembly and behavior .
recently , we observed a series of ordered structure changes when
superlattices of 2-nm - diameter dodecanethiol - capped au nanocrystals
were heated .
as the temperature is increased ,
the... | dodecanethiol - capped gold ( au ) nanocrystal
superlattices can undergo
a surprisingly diverse series of ordered structure transitions when
heated ( goodfellow , b. w. ; rasch , m. r. ; hessel , c. m. ; patel , r.
n. ; smilgies , d .- m . ; korgel , b. a. nano lett.2013 , 13 , 57105714 ) .
these are the
re... |
brachial plexus block used for upper limb surgery avoids the use of general anesthetics , provides excellent analgesia , and facilitates ambulatory surgery .
phrenic nerve palsy is a common complication after both interscalene and supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks,[13 ] but is more common with the interscalene a... | ultrasound - guided peripheral nerve blocks facilitate ambulatory anesthesia for upper limb surgeries .
unilateral phrenic nerve blockade is a common complication after interscalene brachial plexus block , rather than the supraclavicular block .
we report a case of severe respiratory distress and bilateral bronchos... |
research of the last decade has concluded that obesity is closely linked to systemic inflammation through proinflammatory cytokines such as tnf - alfa , il-6 , as they are being secreted by the adipo - cells . when referring to insulin resistance it has already been stated that these cytokines contribute to the develop... | as it had been already stated by latest research , inflammation is a condition which sits at the very base of atherogenesis , which is the major consequence of the metabolic syndrome .
it was stated that adipose tissue impacts all organs by the synthesis of adipokines .
visfatin / nampt is a biomarker that was rece... |
this study was supported by the research fund ( tua ) of vsterbotten county , sweden ; the swedish dental society ; the danish dental association ; and the ingeborg and leo dannins foundation . | the expression of the leukotoxin of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is regulated by the leukotoxin promoter . a 530-bp deletion or an 886-bp insertion sequence ( is ) element in this region
has earlier been described in highly leukotoxic isolates . here ,
we report on highly leukotoxic isolate with a 640-bp d... |
. it can be either localized or generalized , localized forms tending toward chronicity and generalized forms varying between acute , sub - acute or life - threatening course .
generalized pustular psoriasis is an uncommon variant where the eruption has sterile pustules as its central feature .
its relationship wit... | pustular psoriasis is characterized by abrupt onset of macroscopic pustules associated with erythema and symptoms of burning pain and constitutional symptoms .
there are several precipitating factors , both physiological such as pregnancy and routinely prescribed drugs like antihypertensives , antifungals , corticost... |
this is a report of a chronic renal failure patient who had sustained bilateral intra - capsular displaced fracture neck of femur following an episode of convulsion and the difficulties encountered in early diagnosis and treatment .
the pathophysiology of renal osteodystrophy and the treatment of hip fractures in pat... | introduction : pathological bilateral femoral neck fracture due to renal osteodystrophy is rare.this is a report of a chronic renal failure patient who had sustained bilateral intra - capsular displaced fracture neck of femur following an episode of convulsion and the difficulties encountered in early diagnosis and tre... |
laparoscopy has proved to be the best available procedure for diagnosis and management of impalpable undescended testes . since june 1992 , every patient referred to us with impalpable undescended testis
this is an ongoing study and the present study is based on the analysis of cases treated over 20 years .
from ju... | background : laparoscopy is the best available method to manage impalpable undescended testes .
we performed our first laparoscopic orchiopexy in june 1992 and found good results in consecutive cases with laparoscopic orchiopexy over last 20 years.materials and methods : from june 1992 to may 2012 , 241 patients with... |
gastrointestinal stromal tumor ( gist ) is a mesenchymal tumor of the digestive tract showing lineage differentiation similar to the interstitial cell of cajal ( icc ) and accounts for about 2% of all gi tract neoplasms ( 1 ) .
so , various kind of diagnosing methods including immunohistochemical stains and electron ... | seven hundred forty seven cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( gists ) in koreans who were diagnosed between 2001 and 2002 were analyzed to evaluate their occurrence and their clinical , pathologic and immunohistochemical findings .
the most frequent location of tumor was in the stomach ( 63% ) , followed by th... |
sequestration of plastids has been described in several sacoglossan sea slugs ( opisthobranchia , gastropoda , mollusca ) ( kawaguti and yamasu 1965 ; trench et al . 1969 ; waugh and clark 1986 ; marn and ros 1989 ; rumpho et al .
2007 ) , but only four species are known to perform long - term maintenance of acquired... | sacoglossan sea slugs are unique in the animal kingdom in that they sequester and maintain active plastids that they acquire from the siphonaceous algae upon which they feed , making the animals photosynthetic .
although most sacoglossan species digest their freshly ingested plastids within hours , four species from ... |
gastroesophageal reflux disease ( gerd ) is a chronic disorder that can potentially have a negative impact on quality of life ( qol ) and increase the risk of esophageal damage [ 13 ] . while a large proportion of individuals report occasional or monthly heartburn , approximately 20% of the us adult population experien... | the proton pumpvinhibitor , lansoprazole , is reported to have acid secretion inhibiting effect as well as anti - inflammatory effects such as inhibition of cytokine secretion from inflammatory cells .
clinically , excellent efficacy of lansoprazole is reported for not only gastric ulcer but also gastroesophageal ref... |
although the incidence of tracheoinnominate artery fistula ( tif ) has decreased , it is still one of the most dangerous complications after tracheostomy .
almost 75% of patients die from a tif , even after surgical repair has been performed .
therefore , it is doubtful whether surgical repair is an effective metho... | tracheoinnominate artery fistula ( tif ) is one of the most dangerous complications after tracheostomy , and fetal even after surgical repair .
recently , endovascular stent has been introduced as an option for the treatment of tif .
unfortunately , endovascular stent repair could not replace the surgery due to rar... |
mixed dyslipidemia , characterized by elevated levels of triglycerides ( tg ) , low levels of high - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( hdl - c ) , elevated low - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldl - c ) , and a preponderance of small dense particles is associated with additional coronary heart disease ( chd ) risk ,... | objectivethe objective of this study was to evaluate the long - term efficacy of adding fenofibric acid to moderate - dose statin therapy in patients at goal for low - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldl - c ) but with persistent hypertriglyceridemia.methodsthis is a post hoc analysis of a subset of patients ( n = ... |
his family noticed sudden inward deviation of his left eye 9 months ago , and as time passed , this deviation became increasingly noticeable . on first presentation ,
the angle of esodeviation was 50 prism diopters ( pd ) at distant and near fixation .
the patient 's visual acuity and sensory status were not checke... | we report a case of acute comitant esotropia in a child with a cerebellar tumor .
a 3-year - old boy was referred for management of a 9 month history of acute acquired comitant esotropia . on first presentation ,
the patient 's angle of esodeviation was 50 prism - diopters ( pd ) at distance and near fixation witho... |
laparoscopic surgery has become the gold standard for common surgical procedures such as cholecystectomies and appendectomies ( bennett , birch , menzes , vizhul , & karmali , 2011 ; richardson , carter , fuhrman , bolton , & bowen , 2000 ) , and is associated with less surgical trauma , faster postoperative recovery... | introductionthis systematic review was conducted to analyze the impact and describe simulation - based training and the acquisition of laparoscopic surgery skills during medical school and residency programs.methodsthis systematic review focused on the published literature that used randomized controlled trials to exam... |
cefepime is a fourth - generation cephalosporin with broad spectrum coverage of gram - positive and negative bacterial strains .
as cefepime is excreted via kidney predominantly ( 85% ) , renal dysfunction may lead to reduction in clearance of cefepime and accumulation in blood flow and cerebrospinal fluid .
if the... | cefepime - induced encephalopathy including nonconvulsive status epilepticus has been known to develop in the patients with renal impairment . however , we report a 74-year - old woman with normal renal function who developed stuporous mental status during cefepime administration .
electroencephalogram ( eeg ) reveal... |
a 25-year - old indian woman was referred to our hospital for an antenatal anomaly scan at 28 weeks of pregnancy .
a previous scan done at the 26th week of this pregnancy had revealed a diamniotic , dichorionic twin pregnancy with gross polyhydramnios in one of the sacs .
there was no history of radiation exposure ... | iniencephaly is an uncommon and fatal neural tube defect involving the occiput and inion , this occurs together with rachischisis of the cervical and thoracic spine , and retroflexion of the head .
we report the ultrasound ( us ) and magnetic resonance ( mr ) imaging findings of a case of iniencephaly with clubfeet a... |
the authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest .
phloem exudate from 6-week - old arabidopsis plants using the edta - facilitated method described in guelette et al .
, leaves were cut at the... | plants are sessile and can not move to appropriate hiding places or feeding grounds to escape adverse conditions . as a consequence , they evolved mechanisms to detect changes in their environment , communicate these to different organs , and adjust development accordingly .
these adaptations include two long - dista... |
traumatic diaphragmatic rupture ( tdr ) is known to occur as a consequence of blunt trauma in an rta .
tdr often go undetected in the acute phase , especially when it occurs on the right side , due to the management of other life threatening injuries .
we are reporting a case of diaphragmatic rupture on right side ... | blunt thoraco - abdominal trauma in collision injuries in road traffic accident ( rta ) occasionally results in diaphragmatic injury and rupture besides other serious multisystem injuries .
these diaphragmatic injuries ( di ) frequently go undetected specially when occur on the right side . di associated with hemotho... |
the most common cause of early - onset idiopathic generalized dystonia , previously known as primary idiopathic generalized dystonia , is dyt1 dystonia , caused by a 3 base pair deletion in the tor1a gene2 ) .
dyt1 dystonia typically presents in childhood and usually starts in a limb , gradually progressing to a gene... | the experience of pediatric deep brain stimulation ( dbs ) of the globus pallidus internus ( gpi ) in the treatment of early - onset dyt1 generalized dystonia is still limited . here
, we report the surgical experience of bilateral gpi - dbs under general anesthesia by using microelectrode recording in a 7-year - old... |
there have been many attempts over the past decades for automating cancer grading in tissue , most notably in breast and prostate tissue , where the standard scoring systems in use are the elston and gleason grading systems , respectively .
more recently , high classification rates were obtained for the simple ca... | due to the complexity of biological tissue and variations in staining procedures , features that are based on the explicit extraction of properties from subglandular structures in tissue images may have difficulty generalizing well over an unrestricted set of images and staining variations .
we circumvent this proble... |
such tumors are divided into two main types : 1 ) intrajugular schwannomas located at the jugular foramen , which comprise the majority of cases , and 2 ) intracisternal schwannomas , which occupy the cisterna magna13,31 ) .
although the clinical manifestations of these tumors vary depending on the tumor 's location ... | intracisternal accessory nerve schwannomas are very rare ; only 18 cases have been reported in the literature . in the majority of cases ,
the tumor origin was the spinal root of the accessory nerve and the tumors usually presented with symptoms and signs of intracranial hypertension , cerebellar ataxia , and myelopa... |
the ethics review board of xijing hospital ( no : xjyyll-2015075 ) approved the study .
tissue samples were prospectively collected from patients undergoing operation at the department of hepatobiliary surgery at the xijing hospital .
tumor and adjacent normal pancreatic tissue samples were snap - frozen in liqu... | pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ( pdac ) remains a common and deadly cancer . despite numerous efforts ,
no reliable biomarker is available for daily clinical practice .
circular rnas ( circrnas ) are an abundant , stable and conserved class of rna molecules that exhibit tissue / developmental - stage - specific e... |
among diverse acupuncture treatments in korea , pharmacopuncture is a new and unique treatment method that combines acupuncture based on the meridian theory and herbal medicine based on qi and flavor theory .
oil - based pharmacopuncture is administrated to disorders caused by deficient body lubrication , and cartham... | objectives : the aim of the study is to investigate both the single - dose intramuscular injection toxicity and the approximate lethal dose of water - soluble carthami - flos and cervi cornu parvum pharmacopuncture ( wcfc ) in male and female sprague - dawley ( sd ) rats.methods:the study was conducted at biotoxtech co... |
complete agenesis of the dorsal pancreas ( adp ) is an extremely rare entity , compatible with life into adulthood .
adp is usually asymptomatic in majority of persons but differs with clinical manifestations such as epigastric pain , pancreatitis , hyperglycemia , and diabetes mellitus in a minority group .
ultras... | complete agenesis of the dorsal pancreas ( adp ) is an exceedingly rare congenital anomaly , compatible with life .
the first case was reported in 1911 and so far around 100 cases have been reported in the world literature .
majority of the patients with this anomaly are asymptomatic or associated with abdominal pa... |
recombinant human growth hormone ( rhgh ) is used for the treatment of a variety of growth disorders in childhood / adolescence , which include growth hormone ( gh ) deficiency , turner syndrome , short children born small for gestational age , chronic renal insufficiency , and prader - willi syndrome.1 adherence to th... | backgrounda questionnaire - based survey was conducted to assess attitudes toward a reusable self - injection system ( surepal ) among pediatric patients with growth disturbances who were prescribed treatment with omnitrope within routine clinical practice.methodsthis was a multicenter , observational study , incorpora... |
the control of severe bronchial asthma , such as corticosteroid - resistant asthma , is difficult .
it has also been suggested that immunosuppressive agents suppressing t cells would be effective for the treatment of bronchial asthma .
this case report describes a patient suffering from severe bronchial asthma , as... | background .
the control of severe bronchial asthma , such as corticosteroid - resistant asthma , is difficult .
it is also possible that immunosuppressive agents would be effective for bronchial asthma .
case summary . a 55-year - old japanese female presented with severe bronchial asthma controlled with tacroli... |
the idea of resource scarcity permeates health ethics and health policy analysis , whether the context is the micro - level of selecting interventions in a clinical setting , the meso - level of allocating resources within a regional organization , or the macro - level of choosing among options for reducing the global ... | the idea of resource scarcity permeates health ethics and health policy analysis in various contexts . however , health ethics inquiry seldom asks as it should why some settings are resource - scarce and others not . in this article
i describe interrogating scarcity as a strategy for inquiry into questions of reso... |
primary membranous nephropathy ( pmn ) is a common cause of nephritic syndrome in adults . although pmn has been known as an immunological disease for more than 50 years , beck et al .
first identified m - type phospholipase a2 receptor ( pla2r ) as the major antigen in 2009 .
it has been demonstrated that anti - p... | backgroundthis study used 2 standardized methods to evaluate anti - pla2r antibody in sera of chinese patients with primary membranous nephropathy ( pmn ) and to determine whether immunological reactivity reflected by antibody titer correlates with kidney function parameters.material/methodsoverall , 82 subjects with b... |
the antimalarial drugs , chloroquine ( cq ) and hydroxychloroquine ( hcq ) , have been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with the potential risk of developing retinopathy as a serious ocular complication [ 1 , 2 ] . both antimalarial drugs cause retinopathy but differ in therapeutic and dose ranges , with h... | purpose . to evaluate the role of spectral - domain optical coherence tomography ( sd - oct ) in early detection of chloroquine maculopathy in rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) patients .
methods .
40 left eyes of 40 female rheumatoid arthritis patients who received treatment chloroquine for more than one year were recru... |
invasive carcinomas of the breast are largely adenocarcinomas characterized by invasion of adjacent tissues and propensity to metastasize .
the discovery of strategies to halt or prevent invasion and metastasis are needed to improve clinical outcome .
invasive carcinomas are embedded in a desmoplastic stroma contai... | living cells communicate with their microenvironment and exchange information through signaling pathways in order to carry out most biological processes .
the ccn family of proteins has the ability to coordinate the extracellular and intracellular signaling pathways and epithelial - stromal cross - talks .
ccn prot... |
fascioliasis is caused by trematodes belonging to the genus fasciola ( f. hepatica and f. gigantica ) .
the metacercariae exist in the small intestine , and move through the intestinal wall and peritoneal cavity to the liver where adults mature in the biliary ducts of the liver .
clinical symptoms are related to he... | a case of fasciola gigantica - induced biliary obstruction and cholestasis is reported in turkey .
the patient was a 37- year - old woman , and suffered from icterus , ascites , and pain in her right upper abdominal region .
a total of 7 living adult flukes were recovered during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancr... |
introduction of elastomeric impression materials into restorative dentistry has brought about a revelation in the field of restorative dentistry .
the reproduction of detail and dimensional accuracy obtained by these materials has made their use a prerequisite for most of the fixed and removable dental prosthesis .
... | aims : to determine whether the frequency and amplitude of vibration and the use of surfactant has any effect on the formation of voids on the cast surface , poured from a polyvinyl siloxane impression material , using a mechanical model vibrator.materials and methods : a total of 100 impressions of a master die were m... |
pituitary apoplexy characterized by sudden onset of headache , nausea , vomiting , visual disturbances , ophthalmoplegia and decreased level of consciousness was described for the first time by bailey1 ) in 1898 and then by bleibtreu4 ) in 1905 .
however , the term ' pituitary apoplexy ' was coined by brougham et al.... | pituitary apoplexy is a rare but potentially life - threatening clinical syndrome caused by the sudden enlargement of a pituitary adenoma secondary to hemorrhage or infarction .
pituitary apoplexy after cardiac surgery is a very rare perioperative complication .
factors associated with open heart surgery that may l... |
ber is initiated by lesion - specific glycosylases , which recognize and excise damaged bases , leaving an apurinic / apyrimidinic ( ap ) site , which is then further processed and replaced by an undamaged base .
such lesions arise from four primary sources of damage : alkylating agents , ros , reactive nitrogen spec... | most cells do not undergo continuous cell division and dna replication , yet they can still acquire novel rna mutations that can result in the production of mutant proteins and induce a phenotypic change .
all cells are frequently subjected to genotoxic insults that give rise to damaged nucleotides which , similarly ... |
type 2 diabetes is a worldwide epidemic associated with obesity and a sedentary lifestyle.1 the estimated lifetime risk of developing diabetes for a person born in the united states in 2000 is 32.8% for males and 38.5% for females.2 diabetes increases morbidity and mortality due to heart disease , stroke , blindness , ... | backgroundmoderate - intensity exercise improves blood glucose ( bg ) , but most people fail to achieve the required exercise volume .
high - intensity exercise ( hie ) protocols vary .
maximal cycle ergometer sprint interval training typically requires only 2.5 minutes of hie and a total training time commitment (... |
based on
clinical picture and profile of circulating pemphigus antibodies , two distinct forms of the disease are distinguished :
pemphigus vulgaris ( pv ) and pemphigus foliaceus ( pf ) .
transmembrane desmosomal
proteins : desmoglein 1 ( dsg1 ) and desmoglein 3 ( dsg3 ) are pemphigus target
antigens . in se... | as most studies on pemphigus vulgaris ( pv ) pathogenesis concern its active stage , we aimed to evaluate the serum concentration of tnf- , il-1 , and il-6 in pv patients in clinical remission .
the study group consisted of sera from 19 pv patients in active stage and from 24 patients in clinical remission .
19 ser... |
malignant mesothelioma ( mm ) is an aggressive asbestos - induced cancer affecting the mesothelial cells lining the serosal cavities of the body including the pleura and peritoneum .
the study of mm - specific biomarkers is being undertaken in order to improve diagnosis , assessment of disease progression , and respo... | the msln gene products , soluble mesothelin and megakaryocyte potentiating factor ( mpf ) , are being investigated as biomarkers for the asbestos - related cancer malignant mesothelioma ( mm ) .
pleural fluid biomarkers of mm can be elevated when serum levels remain normal .
the aim of this study was to determine i... |
various clinical and epidemiological evidence have been documented regarding the adverse effects of tobacco on oral health .
the adverse effects of cigarette smoking and other forms of tobacco are numerous , use of tobacco has been associated with oral mucosa , gingival diseases and dental alterations .
saliva is a... | aims and objectives : the aim of this study was to analyze and compare the effects of tobacco on salivary ph between tobacco chewers , smokers and controls.materials and methods : a total of 60 subjects ( males and females ) aged 2540 years , were divided equally into three groups : tobacco smokers ( group a ) , chewer... |
they well understood that hyperglycemia was just a common feature for a group of distinct disorders with different pathophysiology .
first , they learned to distinguish the 2 most prevalent diabetic phenotypes type 1 diabetes mellitus ( t1 dm ) , and type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) [ 1 , 2 ] . as soon as in the 1... | monogenic diabetes constitutes a heterogeneous group of single gene disorders .
the molecular background and clinical picture of many of these diseases have been described . while each of these forms is much less prevalent than multifactorial type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) , together they affect millio... |
we examined 55 patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes ( 49% female , median age at onset 35.0 years ) , 91 patients with classic type 1a diabetes ( 57% female , median age at onset 17.0 years ) , and 369 healthy control subjects .
the criteria for the recruitment of type 1a diabetic patients were presence of diabeti... | objective to examine the contribution of the ctla4 gene in the susceptibility to fulminant type 1 diabetes and compare it with classic type 1a diabetes.research design and methods we genotyped the + 49g > a and ct60g > a variants of the ctla4 gene in fulminant type 1 diabetic patients ( n = 55 ) , classic type 1a dia... |
these injuries do not occur as random events , and there is evidence that some individuals are at increased risk because of exposure to hazards and/or inability to avoid or detect hazards.1 some individuals are at increased risk of eye injury as a result of their occupation .
small - scale and large - scale industria... | backgroundthe purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of ocular injuries among industrial welders and rate the use of protective eyewear at work among industrial welders in port harcourt .
information from this study will provide a database for effective policy formation on prevention of occ... |
gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( gists ) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract . terminology used to describe gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors has been variable . traditionally , these tumors have been called leiomyomas , cellular leiomyomas , or leiomyosarcomas , depending on the deg... | gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( gist- ) account for the majority of mesenchymal tumors arising within the gastrointestinal tract .
gist presenting as a palpable abdominal mass is extremely rare .
we report four additional cases of a gist presenting as an abdominal mass along with a pertinent review of the literat... |
the genus corynebacterium belongs to the class of actinobacteria ( high g+c gram - positive bacteria ) and comprises a collection of morphologically similar , irregular- or club - shaped nonsporulating ( mico)aerobic microorganisms [ 1 , 2 ] . to date , 88 species were taxonomically classified . more than half of these... | to date the genus corynebacterium comprises 88 species .
more than half of these are connected to human and animal infections , with the most prominent member of the pathogenic species being corynebacterium diphtheriae , which is also the type species of the genus .
corynebacterium species are characterized by a co... |
deregulated proliferation and differentiation of melanocytes lead to the formation of melanoma . although not as common as the other skin basal cell skin cancer or skin squamous cell cancer , melanoma is far more dangerous .
however , once it has metastasized beyond the local lymph nodes , it is eventually fatal [ 24... | we have reported previously that daily intravenous infusions of a soluble nanobiotechnological complex , polyhemoglobin - tyrosinase [ polyhb - tyr ] , can suppress the growth of murine b16f10 melanoma in a mouse model . in order to avoid the need for daily intravenous injections
, we have now extended this further a... |
astragalus membranaceus ( fisch ) bunge , known as huang - qi in chinese or radix astragali in latin , is one of the most popular herbal medicines worldwide , and it has been widely used as a qi - tonifying medicine in the people s republic of china , mongolia , and korea for a long time.1,2 pharmacological studies hav... | backgroundit has been reported that formononetin ( fmn ) , one of the main ingredients from famous traditional chinese medicine
huang - qi
( astragalus membranaceus [ fisch ] bunge ) for qi - tonifying , exhibits the effects of immunomodulation and tumor growth inhibition via antiangiogenesis .
furthermore , a. m... |
laparoscopy is now widely used in urology for both upper and lower urinary tract surgery .
laparoscopic prostatectomy has been accepted as an appropriate treatment for prostate cancer at some institutions because of the shorter hospital stay and quicker recovery .
pneumoperitoneum is a necessity in laparoscopy , an... | laparoscopic prostatectomy has been accepted as an appropriate treatment for prostate cancer because of the shorter hospital stay and quicker recovery .
we present a rare complication of groin hernia with incarceration and necrosis of small bowel following laparoscopic prostatectomy .
occult hernias and small fasci... |
adult - onset still 's disease ( aosd ) is a systemic inflammatory disorder that presents daily spiking fevers , leukocytosis , evanescent rash and arthritis .
it is a rare disease of unknown etiology , and few studies have reported on the association of myocarditis with aosd .
however , few studies report on using... | a 36-year - old female with a high - grade fever and epigastric abdominal pain was prescribed antibiotics , but developed hypoxia and dyspnea .
an echocardiography revealed diffuse hypokinesis and massive pericardial effusion , after which diagnostic cardiac catheterization and an endomyocardial biopsy ( emb ) were p... |
they enclose and protect all living cells and compartmentalize all eukaryotes into many specific organelles ( such as nucleus , endoplasmic reticulum , golgi apparatus , etc . )
the biological functions of phospholipid bilayers depend strongly on their structural and mechanical properties , and a great deal has been ... | we present an implicit solvent coarse - grained ( cg ) model for quantitative simulations of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl - sn - glycero-3-phosphocholine ( popc ) bilayers .
the absence of explicit solvent enables membrane simulations on large length and time scales at moderate computational expense . despite improved comput... |
congenital anomalies of the urogenital tract are the most common anomalies found in the foetus , neonates and infants , but anterior urethral valves and diverticula are rare . here , we present a case with congenital anterior urethral diverticulum . what is peculiar with this case is that the same patient had two more ... | congenital anomalies of the urogenital tract are the most common anomalies found in the foetus , neonates and infants , but anterior urethral valves and diverticula are rare . here , we present a case with congenital anterior urethral diverticulum associated with patent ductus arteriosus and polydactyly . |
the number of aged people has been one of the main challenges for the health care system in the past two decades .
responses of different communities to the global phenomenon of geriatric population growth focus on the concept of dynamic aging . today , providing and promoting the health of aged people
the world ... | background : self - esteem is known to be one of the most important markers of successful aging .
older people 's self - esteem is influenced by several factors that particularly may be health related .
therefore , this study aimed to explore some important general health - related predictors of the older people 's... |
systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) is a chronic autoimmune systemic disease with a range of clinical manifestations .
it is characterised by the production of antinuclear autoantibodies and occurs most commonly in young women .
survival in new onset sle has improved greatly with more effective management options ... | the prognosis of systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) has greatly improved in recent years , resulting in an increased number of patients reporting musculoskeletal complications such as osteonecrosis of the femoral head .
total hip arthroplasty ( tha ) can be utilised to alleviate the pain associated with this ; howe... |
alzheimer disease ( ad ) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disease among the elderly .
the available treatments have a minimal or no effect on the course of the disease . even in high - income countries ,
only 20% to 50% of dementia cases are recognized and documented in primary care . currently , th... | abstractbackground : the cyp19a1 enzyme ( aromatase ) encoded by the cytochrome p450 ( cyp ) 19a1 gene influences the final step in the biosynthesis of estrogen , which has been associated with alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
it is possible that genetic polymorphisms in cyp19a1 could influence the risk of ad by altering t... |
pneumomediastinum is commonly caused by iatrogenic injury such as surgery on the cervical planes and chest or by tracheostomy .
it is also well known that emphysema may occur after dental treatments using an air turbine drill , but there have been few cases of emphysema which extended to the mediastinum .
a 16-year... | backgroundpneumomediastinum is commonly caused by iatrogenic injury such as surgery on the cervical planes and chest or by tracheostomy .
it is also well known that emphysema may occur after dental treatments using an air turbine drill , but there have been few cases of emphysema which extended to the mediastinum.cas... |
carbon nanotubes ( cnts ) possess a unique structure and properties that have attracted significant interest worldwide .
research in potential cnts application fields including energy storage , molecular electronics , nanoprobes , sensor and composite materials has developed very quickly and shows a promising future ... | carbon nanotube
copper ( cnt / cu ) composites have been successfully synthesized by means of a novel particles - compositing process followed by spark plasma sintering ( sps ) technique .
the thermal conductivity of the composites was measured by a laser flash technique and theoretical analyzed using an effective ... |
many diseases of the central nervous system are characterized by changes in the structural organization of neuronal networks , developmental abnormalities , or dysregulation of signaling pathways , leading to altered brain plasticity and , ultimately , neurodegeneration .
the proline - directed serine / threonine kin... | gsk3 has diverse functions , including an important role in brain pathology . in this paper , we address the primary functions of gsk3 in development and neuroplasticity , which appear to be interrelated and to mediate age - associated neurological diseases . specifically , gsk3 plays a pivotal role in controlling neur... |
granular cell tumors ( grcts ) are soft tissue tumors that are thought to originate from neural tissue based on immunohistochemical features .
grcts can affect any part of the body but are most commonly found in the skin , tongue , ovaries , brain , and breast tissue5,6,9 ) .
spinal intradural extramedullary ( idem... | granular cell tumors ( grcts ) of the spinal cord are rare benign tumors with a high rate of local recurrence .
only 6 cases of spinal grcts have been reported .
grct is difficult to distinguish from other benign tumors such as schwannoma using imaging . a radiological " speckled dots " sign may be a useful differe... |
it is a self - limiting disease of the pilosebaceous unit , which can lead to devastating and frustrating scars and pigmentary alterations .
isotretinoin until today is considered to be the gold standard in the medical management of moderate to severe forms of acne vulgaris .
given at a dose of 0.5 - 2 mg / kg body... | background : acne is a self limiting condition that often results in scarring and disfigurement disproportionate to its clinical severity .
isotretinoin is considered the gold standard in the medical management of severe form of acne vulgaris .
salicyclic acid ( sa ) peels , a - hydroxy acid peel has got sebosuppre... |
central control of swallowing is regulated by a central pattern generator positioned in the solitary tract nucleus and neighboring medullary reticular formation .
the central pattern generator activates the cranial nerve motor neurons , including the nucleus ambiguus and vagal dorsal motor nucleus , and then innervat... | a 56-year - old man presented with sudden - onset oropharyngeal dysphagia and vomiting of central etiology .
neurological evaluation showed uvula deviation to the left , paresis of the mid - right portion of the soft palate , lateralization of gaze to the right side , and dysphonia .
magnetic resonance imaging ( mr... |
optimal athletic performance results from a combination of factors including training , body composition , and nutrition .
nutritional needs are higher during adolescence than at any other time in the lifecycle , regardless of the level of activity , because of rapid gain in height and weight .
young athletes have ... | background : young athletes have more nutritional needs than other adolescents because of physical activity and physical development .
optimal athletic performance results from a combination of factors including training , body composition , and nutrition . despite the increased interest in nutrition and use of dieta... |
non - alcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) is a common cause of chronic hepatitis , which can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma ( 1 , 2 ) .
this disease is considered to be a representation in the liver of insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome .
the prevalence of the disease is increasing , which... | backgroundnon - alcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) is a common cause of chronic hepatitis , which can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.objectivesthe aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between serum adipocytokines and the histologic findings of the liver in patients with non - alcoholic ... |
nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis ( nbte ) is a rare manifestation of hypercoagulability in malignancy and very rarely seen in ovarian clear cell carcinoma ( occc ) .
systemic embolization to multiple organs secondary to nbte is common , with embolization to the brain ranging from 1491% .
only 2 case reports hav... | hypercoagulability occurs in 15% of patients with malignancy and represents a clinical spectrum ranging from abnormal coagulation tests but no clinically evident thromboembolic disease , to arterial and venous thrombosis , migratory thrombophlebitis , nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis ( nbte ) and disseminated intra... |
one of the most common challenges faced by the dentist is the restoration of endodontically treated teeth , more so because of its brittleness as compared to vital teeth .
the success of endodontically treated teeth is related to the position of the tooth in the dental arch , occlusal contact , proximal contact , str... | objective : a three - dimensional ( 3d ) finite element analysis ( fea ) on the stress distribution of endodontically treated teeth with titanium alloy post and carbon fiber post with different alveolar bone height.materials and methods : the 3d model was fabricated using software to represent an endodontically treated... |
an extensive involvement of mesenteric fat tissue of the small bowel with chronic non - specific inflammatory disease , first reported by jura et al . in 1924 was described , detailed , and named as mesenteric panniculitis ( mp ) by ogden et al . in 1960 .
mp is always discussed with pathological findings concerning ... | mesenteric panniculitis ( mp ) is a rare disease occasionally complicated with lymphoma .
a 55-year old female presented with mp accompanied by malignant lymphoma .
this patient was first treated for follicular lymphoma and subsequently for panniculitis .
after 6 courses of r - chop chemotherapy , the treatment r... |
this community - based cross - sectional study was undertaken in cascavel municipality , a typical semirural municipality 70 km south of fortaleza , the capital of cear state in northeastern brazil . in 2003 , cascavel had a population of 57,000 .
the main sources of income are fishing , agriculture , tourism , and t... | two waterborne outbreaks of toxoplasmosis have been described recently in southern brazil .
we present data from a community - based study of pregnant women in northeastern brazil .
consumption of homemade ice was the only variable associated with seropositivity ( adjusted odds ratio , 3.1 , 95% confidence interval... |
indications for this procedure are as follows : a retro - odontoid mass lesion causing symptomatic myelopathy .
surgery was performed with the patient in the prone position , with the head held using a mayfield skull clamp .
the usage of a surgical microscope and intraoperative monitoring using transcranial electri... | retro - odontoid pseudotumors are noninflammatory masses formed posterior to the odontoid process . because of their anatomy , the optimal surgical approach for resecting pseudotumors is controversial .
conventionally , 3 approaches are used : the anterior transoral approach , the lateral approach , and the posterior... |
hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) is an asymptomatic disease and , as such , is treated mainly at an advanced stage.1 however , the clinical evolution of hcv infection in the medium and long terms may lead to liver compensated and decompensated cirrhosis , hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) , liver transplant , and eventually to... | backgroundhepatitis c virus ( hcv ) affects an estimated number of people between 130 million and 210 million worldwide . in the next few years
, the italian national health service will face a growing trend of patients requiring hcv antiviral treatments .
the aim of the analysis was to estimate the time horizon in... |
pelviureteric junction obstruction ( pujo ) is defined as an obstruction to the flow of urine from renal pelvis into the ureter .
it is the most common cause of hydronephrosis in children , and it becomes difficult for radiologists and urologists to decide which children are going to benefit from the surgery .
pujo... | aims : to compare intravenous urography ( ivu ) and magnetic resonance urography ( mru ) in the preoperative evaluation of pelvi - ureteric junction obstruction ( pujo ) in children.materials and methods : a total of 35 children up to 10 years of age in whom unilateral or bilateral pujo were suspected on ultrasonograph... |
human respiratory syncytial virus ( rsv ) is the leading viral cause of acute lower respiratory tract illnesses in infants and young children worldwide1 and is associated with annual or biannual epidemics.2 rsv isolates can be classified into two genetically and antigenically distinct groups , a and b , within which fu... | respiratory syncytial virus ba genotype has reportedly replaced other group b genotypes worldwide .
we report the observation of three group b viruses , all identical in g sequence but lacking the ba duplication , at a coastal district hospital in kenya in early 2012 .
this follows a period of six consecutive respi... |
hereditary neuropathy to pressure palsy ( hnpp ) , also known as tomaculous neuropathy , is an autosomal dominant disorder with recurrent sensory and motor nerve palsies .
approximately 80% of hnpp cases are caused by a 1.5-mb deletion in chromosome 17p11.212 of the myelin protein 22 gene ( pmp22 ) [ 1 , 2 ] ; the re... | it is generally regarded that patients with hereditary neuropathy to pressure palsies , due to a deletion in the pmp22 gene , show recurrent pressure palsy and generalised peripheral neuropathy ( pes cavus and hammer toes sometimes develop ) .
brachial plexopathy is rarely identified as a first presentation of heredi... |
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