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multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that results in damages to the myelin sheaths of the nerves in the spinal cord and the brain . ms is commonly diagnosed at the age range between 20 and 40 years and affects females 34 times more often than males . patients with ms are diagnosed with se...
background : both lower urinary tract dysfunction and urinary symptoms are prevalent in patients with multiple sclerosis ( ms ) . although the significance of identifying and treating urinary symptoms in ms is currently well - known , there is no information about the real prevalence and therapeutic effect of urinary...
work - related upper limb disorders in the united states are estimated to cost over $ 61.2 billion annually . in 2006 , the number of occupational injuries involving days away from work due to hand and wrist injuries was 47,020 and 56,250 , respectively , while their incidence rates were 10.6% of 29.5% total in the u...
we used our voluntary rat model of reaching and grasping to study the effect of performing a high - repetition and high - force ( hrhf ) task for 12 weeks on wrist joints . we also studied the effectiveness of ibuprofen , administered in the last 8 weeks , in attenuating hrhf - induced changes in these joints . with ...
the simvastatin ezetimibe in aortic stenosis ( seas ) study was a randomised , double - blind , placebo - controlled study which assessed the effect of combined treatment with simvastatin and ezetimibe on as progression and cv morbidity and mortality in 1873 patients with initially asymptomatic , mild - moderate as....
objectivewomen with severe aortic valve stenosis ( as ) have better lv systolic function and more concentric lv geometry than their male counterparts . however , sex differences in cardiovascular ( cv ) outcome during progression of as have not been reported from a longitudinal prospective study.methodsdoppler echoca...
identifying consistent changes in cellular function that occur in multiple types of cancer could revolutionize the way cancer is treated . previous work has produced promising results such as the identification of a mutation in p53 , which is a protein responsible for repairing cellular dna , occurring in approximate...
summarybackgroundstudies of the biochemical properties of mao - a ( monoamine oxidase ) are numerous , but the information about determination of mao - a in human normal and tumour renal tissue is limited . our objectives in the present study were to determine the localization of mao - a in normal kidney and level of...
for three decades , hiv and aids have affected the lives of many people at individual and family levels through illnesses and deaths of family members and has been a serious challenge medically , financially , and socially[1 , 2 , 3 ] . hiv and aids is of considerable and significant impact to children yet the attent...
objectivesdespite the advent of antiretroviral therapy ( art ) , many children , particularly in the rural communities of zimbabwe , remain vulnerable . the purpose of this study was to determine the factors and challenges facing children on antiretroviral therapy ( art ) in brunapeg area of mangwe district , zimbabwe....
a solution to the classic unsolved problem of olefin hydromethylation is presented . this highly chemoselective method can tolerate labile and reactive chemical functionalities and uses a simple set of reagents . an array of olefins , including mono- , di- , and trisubstituted olefins , are all smoothly hyd...
severe pneumonia patients represent a major concern for physicians because of the high mortality and morbidity rate attributed to these episodes . during past decades , many strategies have been implemented with the aim of optimizing the outcome of patients with severe lung infections . state of immunocompromisatio...
airway diseases such as pneumonia constitute a major health burden on a global scale ; untreated pneumonia may develop to severe pneumonia and consequently lead to to fatal episodes of mortality and morbidity . the balance between inflammatory mediators is key for the outcome of the pulmonary infection ; elimination ...
rubella virus is a member of the family toga viridiae and is only found in humans ; there is no known animal reservoir . it is usually a benign febrile exanthema , but the congenital chronic fetal infection may cause malformations : systemic and ocular . adults are more likely to experience a prodromal phase with m...
the authors report an uncommon case of unilateral rubella retinopathy in an adult patient , described for the first time in medical literature . a 28-year - old healthy white man acquired a case of vasculitis and retinitis on his right eye with sudden vision loss , preceded by an acute viral disease ( best correct vi...
chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) is a common condition affecting 1 in 10 of the uk population . the incidence of ckd is rising and is likely to continue to do so for the foreseeable future , driven mainly by the rise in type 2 diabetes and an ageing population [ 1 , 2 ] . the highest incidence of end - stage renal di...
backgroundthe incidence of chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) is rising and is likely to continue to do so for the foreseeable future , with the fastest growth seen among adults 75 years of age . elderly patients with advanced ckd are likely to have a higher burden of comorbidity and frailty , both of which may influence...
iatrogenic pneumothorax refers to the pneumothorax generated after diagnostic or treatment procedure and is a complication commonly observed at various clinical fields . recently , the incidence of iatrogenic pneumothorax is increased with the development of invasive procedures for various diagnostic or treatment pur...
backgroundit has recently become most general to use the small bore catheter to perform closed thoracostomy in treating iatrogenic pneumothorax . this study was performed for analysis of the efficacy of treatment methods by using small bore catheter such as 7 f ( french ) central venous catheter , 10 f trocar cathete...
spontaneous pneumothorax is a very rare but recognized complication of thoracic radiation therapy . in present day , radiation therapy is an integral part of the treatment of various intrathoracic and chest wall malignancies , chiefly breast carcinomas , bronchogenic carcinomas and lymphomas . patients receive radi...
spontaneous pneumothorax ( sptx ) is a potentially devastating rare complication of the thoracic radiation therapy . most of the cases in the medical literature , have been described in lymphoma patients receiving radiation therapy . the pathogenesis of this adverse event remains undefined although different mechan...
orofaciodigital syndrome ( ofds ) ( omim 311200 ) is a general term for describing several distinctive developmental genetic diseases that are characterized by malformation of the mouth , face and digits . at least 13 different types of the syndrome have been recognized among which type 1 ( ofd1 ) is the most common ...
oral - facial - digital syndrome as heterogeneous developmental conditions is characterized by abnormalities in the oral cavity , facial features and digits . furthermore , central nervous system ( cns ) abnormalities can also be part of this developmental disorder . at least 13 forms of ofds based on their pattern...
in the present issue of critical care wolkewitz and colleagues use competing risks models to examine risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia and mortality in an intensive care unit . competing risks models offer significant advantages over standard survival analysis . in a standard survival analysis there is one even...
new statistical models for analysing survival data in an intensive care unit context have recently been developed . two models that offer significant advantages over standard survival analyses are competing risks models and multistate models . wolkewitz and colleagues used a competing risks model to examine surviva...
paratesticular rms can develop from mesenchymal elements of the spermatic cord , the epididymis and the testicular envelopes , resulting in development of a painless scrotal mass . the clinical presentation includes a short history of painless swelling of the scrotum in a child or a young adult . spread of the tumo...
introduction : paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma ( rms ) is a rare tumor arising from the mesenchymal tissues of the spermatic cord , epididymis , testis and testicular tunics . it represents only 7% of all patients entered in the intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma study ( irs ) and 17% of all malignant intrascrotal tumors in c...
a 32-year - old man was referred with dull , aching right flank pain for 3 years . the patient was evaluated by abdominal computerized tomography , which revealed incomplete duplication of the right urinary system with lower pole moiety hydronephrosis . an endopyelotomy with the acucise ( applied medical ) ureteral...
we present two cases of symptomatic lower pole moiety ureteropelvic junction obstruction ( upjo ) in a partially duplicated collecting system that were successfully treated with minimally invasive endourologic procedures . in the first case , we performed retrograde endopyelotomy with the acucise ureteral cutting ballo...
giant cell hepatitis is a condition characterized by inflammation and large multinucleated hepatocytes in the hepatic parenchyma . giant cell transformation of hepatocytes along with extramedullary hematopoiesis is a common response in the newborn liver diseases [ 14 ] . it is an unusual regenerative or degenerativ...
giant cell hepatitis is common manifestation in pediatric liver diseases , but quite uncommon in adults , only about 100 cases reported in the english literature in the last two decades . data for the present review were identified by a structured pubmed / medline search from 1963 to december 2012 , using keywords po...
antibiotics are considered promising candidates for anticancer drugs because of their good tolerability and direct pro - apoptotic effects on tumor cells . macrolides , among the other antibiotics , have been thought to be potential antineoplastic and immunomodulatory agents . as antineoplastic agents , macrolides ...
we report a case of follicular b - cell lymphoma ( fl ) treated successfully using clarithromycin ( cam ) . a 44-year - old man who presented with lymphadenopathy was diagnosed with fl after a histological examination of his biopsy specimens . he was administered chemotherapy with r - chop ( rituximab , cyclophosph...
beatrice hahn ( university of alabama , birmingham , al ) opened the conference with a presentation on the search for the origins of hiv . the evidence indicates that two simian immunodeficiency viruses ( siv ) , one from chimpanzees ( sivcpz ) and the other from sooty mangabeys ( sivsm ) , crossed the species barrie...
the fifth annual conference on new and re - emerging infectious diseases was hosted on april 1819 , 2002 , by the college of veterinary medicine , university of illinois at urbana - champaign ( uiuc ) . the conference featured 8 speakers and 35 poster presentations .
advances in the molecular biology of spermatogenesis suggest that dna probes can be used to monitor the effects of toxic agents in male germ cells of mammals . molecular hybridization analyses with dna probes can provide a reproducible methodology capable of detecting changes ranging from massive deletions to single ...
interstitial cystitis / painful bladder syndrome ( ic / pbs ) is a debilitating disease that presents with a constellation of symptoms including pelvic pain , urinary urgency , frequency , nocturia , and small voided volumes in the absence of other identifiable etiologies . reports of its prevalence vary ; it is repo...
introduction and hypothesisin order to better understand provider treatment patterns for interstitial cystitis ( ic)/painful bladder syndrome , we sought to document the therapies utilized and their associated expenditures using a national dataset.methodsa cohort was created by applying the icd-9 diagnosis of ic ( 595....
a , line plot showing the fraction of differentially methylated cg sites ( dmss , dynamic cgs ) out of all cg sites under various methylation difference cutoffs . b , a plot of the first two principal components from the methylation level multi - dimensional scaling . tissues are shaded by the organ group they belo...
summaryunderstanding the diversity of human tissues is fundamental to disease and requires linking genetic information , which is identical in most of an individual s cells , with epigenetic mechanisms that could play tissue - specific roles . surveys of dna methylation in human tissues have established a complex lan...
recruitment , the process of identifying and enrolling eligible participants in a research study , is a fundamental component of all clinical research endeavors [ 1 , 2 ] . while there are published reports identifying strategies to identify potential research participants for research studies in general [ 310 ] , th...
because the effects of epigenetic ( gene - environment interaction ) changes have been associated with numerous adverse health states , the study of epigenetic measures provides exciting research opportunities for biobehavioral scientists . however , recruitment for studies focusing on any aspect of genetics poses ch...
the prevention of perinatal transmission of hiv is one of the most successful public health interventions of the last few decades . the use of maternal combination antiretroviral therapy ( cart ) , when combined with infant postnatal prophylaxis , has reduced transmission rates to less than 1% in developed countries ...
combination antiretroviral therapy ( cart ) is successfully used for prevention of perinatal hiv transmission . to investigate safety , we compared adverse events ( ae ) among infants exposed to different maternal cart regimens . we reviewed 158 hiv - uninfected infants born between 1997 and 2009 , using logistic r...
ginseng has been one of the most important components in a number of east asian herbal remedies . in fact , the term ginseng , without any modifier , refers particularly to the species panax ginseng meyer or sometimes even more specifically to the root of the plant species . as the name ginseng carries authority an...
ginseng , a perennial plant belonging to the genus panax of the araliaceae family , is well known for its medicinal properties that help alleviate pathological symptoms , promote health , and prevent potential diseases . among the active ingredients of ginseng are saponins , most of which are glycosides of triterpenoid...
cancer is a disease of uncontrolled cellular proliferation , driven by oncogenes , leading to unfaithful and uncoordinated dna replication , genomic instability , and dna double - strand breaks ( dsbs ) ( alexandrov et al . , 2013 , dsbs activate the atm kinase , which in turn mediates p53-dependent cell - cycle arr...
summaryatr and chk1 maintain cancer cell survival under replication stress and inhibitors of both kinases are currently undergoing clinical trials . as atr activity is increased after chk1 inhibition , we hypothesized that this may indicate an increased reliance on atr for survival . indeed , we observe that replica...
chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( cll ) is the most common form of adult leukemia in the western world 1 . fludarabine has been reported to produce higher response rates in cll , but not to affect overall survival 2 . bendamustine is an alternative agent with both alkylating and purine analog activities and is associa...
key clinical messagefew reports have described the coincidence of chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( cll ) and hiv . we administered bendamustine to an hiv - positive refractory cll patient and obtained a significant objective response . our results indicate that bendamustine can be used in hiv - infected cll patients ...
congenital adrenal hyperplasia ( cah ) is a congenital disorder caused by a defect in one of the enzymes of the steroidogenic pathway leading to synthesis of glucocorticoid . steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency ( 21-ohd ) accounts for 9095% of cah cases . in this review , we present a brief description of the pat...
steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency ( 21-ohd ) accounts for 9095% of congenital adrenal hyperplasia ( cah ) cases . it is classified into three distinct clinical phenotypes : the salt - wasting ( sw ) , simple virilizing ( sv ) and nonclassical forms ( nc ) . as girls with the sw and sv forms of 21-ohd are expo...
tuberculosis ( tb ) is the leading cause of death from a curable infections disease . a disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis , tb has affected mankind for over 5000 years , and still continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality . mdr - tb variety has been thrust into the forefront as a serious a...
background : drug resistance is a major problem in the treatment of tuberculosis ( tb ) . an estimate of drug resistance is extremely important in the epidemiology and control of tb . however , an assessment of the magnitude of drug resistance in tb is not very well described globally and data remains scantier for ...
the orthodontic pendulum has swung from a predominantly non - extraction philosophy in the early 1900s , toward a more extraction - oriented therapy in the middle of the century , and now back toward a non - extraction emphasis.1 several approaches for crowded mandibular anterior teeth are currently employed : distal m...
many approaches for crowded mandibular anterior teeth are currently employed : distal movement of posterior teeth , lateral movement of canines , labial movement of incisors , interproximal enamel reduction , removal of premolars , removal of one or two incisors , and various combinations of the above . selecting the...
the discovery nearly fifty years ago that gene expression correlates with hyperacetylated histones hinted at the importance of factors beyond the dna sequence and how transcription factors control genome function . in the following years , the identification of histone methylation and phosphorylation [ 2 - 4 ] expa...
covalent post - translational modifications on histones impact chromatin structure and function . their misfunction , along with perturbations or mutations in genes that regulate their dynamic status , has been observed in several diseases . thus , targeting histone modifications represents attractive opportunities...
in approximately 10% of cases , darier s disease ( dd ) may present in a localized pattern as the result of a postzygotic mosaicism in the atp2a2 gene ( type 1 segmental dd ) . such a variant is characterized by hyperkeratotic reddish - brownish papules having a linear distribution along blaschko s lines , which freq...
type 1 segmental darier s disease is a blaschkolinear variant of darier s disease resulting from a postzygotic mosaicism . since it usually lacks diagnostic clues typical of the generalized form , including positive family history of the disease , nail and mucosal abnormalities , and/or acral involvement , its distin...
a neutrophil is a type of phagocyte that sweeps up pathogens into the phagosome and fuses them with granules containing toxic compounds , such as reactive oxygen species ( ros ) produced by oxidant enzymes such as myeloperoxidase ( mpo ) , to annihilate those pathogens . activated neutrophils begin to produce reactiv...
objectives : neutrophils represent the front line of human defense against infections . immediately after stimulation , neutrophilic enzymes are activated and produce toxic mediators such as pro - inflammatory cytokines , nitric oxide ( no ) and myeloperoxidase ( mpo ) . these mediators can be toxic not only to infecti...
fracture of femur is a particularly painful bone injury because the periosteum has the lowest pain threshold of the deep somatic structures.1 surgical repair most commonly involves either internal fixation of the fracture or replacement of the femoral head with arthroplasty.2,3 at our institution , spinal block was use...
purposefracture of femur is a painful bone injury , worsened by any movement . this prospective study was performed to compare the analgesic effects of femoral nerve block ( fnb ) with intravenous ( iv ) fentanyl prior to positioning patients with fractured femur for spinal block.patients and methodssixty - four asa ...
patients with foreign bodies in their gastrointesti - nal tract are a common occurrence in emergency medicine ( 1 , 2 ) . the majority of these foreign bodies transit through the gastrointestinal system without any complication , and have more than a 90% chance of passing into the small intestine if they get to the s...
this is a case report of foreign body ingestion in a suicide attempt resulting in gastric perforation and phlegmon formation during a subsequent 6 month period that eventually required surgical intervention . the patient had a prolonged course because she did not report a history of foreign body ingestion and the ini...
human trafficking is a global human rights concern impacting unknown numbers of people worldwide . due to the stigma and criminalization associated with trafficking , it is empirically challenging to measure how many trafficked persons are subject to fraud , force , and exploitation , so researchers must rely on esti...
abstractthe medical sector presents a unique opportunity for identification and service to victims of human trafficking . in this article , we describe local and site - specific efforts to develop an intervention tool to be used in an urban hospital s emergency department in the midwestern united states . in the deve...
in rheumatology specific capillaroscopic pattern is found in systemic sclerosis ( ssc ) , which is characterized by presence of dilated and giant capillaries , hemorrhages , avascular areas and neoangiogenic capillaries . ( 1980 ) and is called scleroderma type capillaroscopic pattern ( beltran et al . , 2007 ; bol...
backgroundthere are limited data about the role of nailfold capillaroscopy in inflammatory arthritis.objectivesto study the role of capillaroscopy in inflammatory arthritis rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) , psoriatic arthritis ( psa ) and early arthritis.methodspatients from the following groups were included in the study...
retinitis pigmentosa ( rp ) is the most common form of inherited retinal dystrophies ( ird ) and is clinically and genetically heterogeneous . at least 50 genes have been identified for nonsyndromic rp ( retnet ; http://sph.uth.tmc.edu/retnet/ provided in the public domain by the university of texas houston health ...
the aim of this study was to gain information about disease prevalence and to identify the responsible genes for inherited retinal dystrophies ( ird ) in japanese populations . clinical and molecular evaluations were performed on 349 patients with ird . for segregation analyses , 63 of their family members were emplo...
patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) are particularly susceptible to cardiovascular complications , and cardiovascular disease accounts for more than 50% of all deaths in this population . common complications like vascular ( vc ) and mitral valve calcification are clinically observed as changes in intima med...
background . mitral valve calcification and intima media thickness ( imt ) are common complications of chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) implicated with high cardiovascular mortality . objective . to investigate the implication of magnesium and fibroblast growth factor-23 ( fgf-23 ) levels with mitral valve calcificatio...
tobacco use continues to be the leading cause of preventable deaths in the united states as well as globally . current statistics reveal that smoking - related diseases are responsible for nearly 6 million premature deaths globally annually . in the united states , tobacco use is responsible for nearly 1 ...
2-fluoro-3-(substituted pyridine)epibatidine analogues 7a e and 8a e were synthesized , and their in vitro and in vivo nachr properties were determined . 2-fluoro-3-(4-pyridinyl)deschloroepibatidine ( 7a ) and 2-fluoro-3-(3-pyridinyl)deschloroepibatidine ( 8a ) were synthesized as bioisosteres of the 4-ni...
autophagy , which is highly conserved from yeast to human , is a cellular degradation pathway that delivers cytoplasmic substrates to lysosomes for subsequent degradation . in contrast to the ubiquitin - proteasome system ( ups ) , which directly degrades monomeric proteins in the cytoplasm or nucleus , autophagy tar...
macroautophagy is a bulk degradation process that mediates the clearance of long - lived proteins , aggregates , or even whole organelles . this process includes the formation of autophagosomes , double - membrane structures responsible for delivering cargo to lysosomes for degradation . currently , other alternati...
based on structural features , the cytokines have been grouped into several families such as interleukin ( il ) , interferon ( ifn ) , tumor necrosis factor ( tnf ) , and transforming growth factor ( tgf ) family . the homologies among genes from different families are quite limited . according to sequence homologies...
interleukin-10 ( il-10 ) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays an important role in immune system . in the present study , the il-10 gene of african clawed frog ( xenopus tropicalis ) was first cloned , and its expression pattern and 3d structure were also analyzed . the frog il-10 mrna encoded 172 amino acids which...
bony tumours of the chest wall are rare ; the differential diagnostic considerations comprise benign tumours such as osteochondroma , chondroma , fibrous dysplasia ( fd ) and malignant tumours such as soft tissue sarcomas , osteosarcoma and askin tumours . surgical resection is the primary treatment for most benign a...
bony tumours of the chest wall are rare and radical surgical resection forms the cornerstone of treatment . closure of the defect following radical resection can be challenging . we report the case of a 59-year - old woman with a large tumour of the thoracic wall , which was surgically resected with direct reconstr...
syringomyelia with tethered cords have been seen pre - operatively or chronically with myelomalacia years after surgery . what prompted us to write this article is the sheer rapidity with which the syrinx developed post - surgery . an 8-month - old male child , with no medical problems save a swelling in the lower ...
syringohydromyelia is a frequent finding in cases of tethered cord syndrome . the classical teaching is that the development and progression of a syrinx is a chronic process . we present a case report of an acute onset syringomyelia in an infant , who underwent an excision of a lumbosacral transitional lipoma and d...
cervical cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide and the most common cause of death in the developing countries . according to the centers for disease control and prevention , 12,042 women in the united states surveillance , epidemiology , and end results statistics data in 2012 demonstrated the number of ne...
background : cervical cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide . accurate information about cervical cancer to general public can lower the burden of the disease including its mortality.aims:we aimed to look at the quality of information available in youtube for cervical cancer.materials and methods : we sear...
the study protocol was approved by the medical ethics committee of the hospital and adhered to the tenets of the declaration of helsinki . this study comprised 10 eyes of eight patients ranging in age from 29 to 87 years , who were recruited within 6 months . inclusion criteria were patients with visually significa...
background : this study evaluated the visual function after implantation of a multifocal toric intraocular lenses ( iols).materials and methods : this study involved 10 eyes from eight cataract patients with corneal astigmatism of 1.0 diopter ( d ) or higher who had received phacoemulsification with implantation of an ...
a pilot study was performed to examine the potential of stable isotope techniques for monitoring the impact of a harmful substance on the cellular nitrogen metabolism in the ciliate species tetrahymena pyriformis . after identical cultivation periods of control cells and toluene - exposed cells in a defined culture m...
india has the largest diabetic population , with about 61.3 million patients and expected to increase to 101.2 million by 2030 . as per world health organization estimate , india ( 1.98 million ) and china ( 1.3 million ) constitute 35% of tuberculosis ( tb ) cases world - wide . india has 0.87 million infectious c...
introduction : vitamin d deficiency is expected to be higher in patients with diabetes and pulmonary tuberculosis ( tb ) . studies estimating prevalence in the subset of patients with both diabetes and pulmonary tb are scarce.materials and methods : a total of 155 subjects were recruited ; 46 patients with type 2 dia...
, it is estimated that there will be 46,420 new cases and 39,590 deaths in 2014 . the disease accounts for 7% of all cancer mortality in the us , and the five - year survival rate is 6%.1 in egypt , pancreatic cancer accounts for 2% of all cancers , with an age - adjusted incidence of 3.2/100,000 , which is roughly h...
introductionpancreatic carcinoma affecting the uncinate process is a challenging surgical condition . several considerations affect the management plan , including the need for vascular resection and the ability to achieve a clear margin.methodsthe data of 19 patients who had curative resection for pancreatic adenoca...
during the fall of 2007 , we established 16 sampling sites in the 10 counties of new hampshire ( figure 1 ) . we categorized each site as high lyme disease incidence ( hli ) , medium lyme disease incidence ( mli ) , or low lyme disease incidence ( lli ) according to the reported number of lyme disease cases per 100,0...
to assess the endemicity of tick - borne pathogens in new hampshire , we surveyed adult tick vectors . pathogens were more prevalent in areas of high tick density , suggesting a correlation between tick establishment and pathogen endemicity . infection rates in ticks correlated with disease frequency in humans .
cscr was first described by von graefe as an inflammatory pathology . in 1918 , masuda strongly blamed tuberculosis as the etiology of this disorder as they found tuberculin reaction to be strongly positive in many cases . they also considered the small yellow spots seen in this condition to be sites of exudation . ...
tuberculosis continues to be a major pandemic with enormous public health implication . involvement of ocular tissues in the form of tubercles , tuberculomas , panophthalmitis , and iris granulomas are well recognized as definitive manifestations of tuberculosis . for these lesions , confirmatory evidence is availa...
vitreous inflammation is a hallmark of posterior uveitis which accounts for 938% of uveitis cases . the sequelae of posterior inflammation include visual loss from vitreous opacities , cystoid macular edema , serous retinal detachment , retinal ischemia , neovascularization , retinal pigment epithelium ( rpe ) change...
non infectious vitreous inflammation is often vision threatening and can be associated with potentially life - threatening systemic conditions . treatment is often challenging as it involves systemic medications that can be associated with adverse effects . the classes of drugs are ever expanding and include cortic...
the virtual clinic developed in this project was intended to be a symbol of achievement and an impetus for fundraising and sustaining global engagement among globemed students at nu . globemed is a national organization of student - led chapters working together to advance a movement for global health equity and soci...
improvements in computer - based technologies can be leveraged to enhance engagement of remote stakeholders with the health needs of a geographically distant community . three - dimensional ( 3d ) modeling offers a platform to create detailed spatial representations through which stakeholders can experience improveme...
brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonotic disease caused by ingestion of unsterilized milk or raw meat from infected animals or in close contact with their secretions ; however , this disease is more prevalent in some parts in the world especially middle east , the mediterranean , mexico , and central and south ameri...
brucellosis is a zoonotic disease with widespread prevalence . it presents with in various range and often with the presence of non - specific clinical signs and symptoms . brucellosis also may cause different manifestations in eyes such as uveitis , keratitis , conjunctivitis and neuro - ophthalmic defects . ocu...
the overweight prevalence defined as > 85th age- and gender - specific percentile for body mass index ( bmi ) in children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years tripled between 1980 and 2002 [ 13 ] . a more recent estimate from the 2003 - 2004 national health and nutrition examination survey suggests that one out of thre...
there is limited research on the types of activities that are most effective for promoting mvpa in children . purpose . to assess which types of activities elicit mvpa in overweight minority girls . methods . sample consisted of 31 overweight ( bmi 85th percentile ) latina and african - american girls ( mean age 1...
susac 's syndrome is an extremely rare neurological disorder characterized by symptoms and signs involving a clinical triad of encephalopathy , retinopathy , and hearing loss . these problems arise because of damage to the microangiopathy of vessels that supply the brain , the retina , and cochlea or an autoimmune en...
a 27-year - old woman was referred by the neurologist for ophthalmic examination . she had a history of headache , visual loss in her right eye , four - limb paresthesia , and behavioral changes over the previous 10 months . the patient complained of tinnitus and hearing loss for two weeks . the patient was initial...
laparoscopic wedge resection of the stomach is a widely accepted treatment for primary resectable gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( gists ) due to the technical efficacy of linear staplers . however , it is difficult to determine the appropriate incision line from outside of the stomach when the lesions are intralumi...
laparoscopic wedge resection of the stomach is a widely accepted treatment for primary resectable gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( gists ) . however , it is difficult to determine the appropriate incision line from outside of the stomach , and many attempts have been made to avoid unnecessary resection of unaffected...
intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula ( davf ) usually results in various problems of the brain like seizure or hemorrhage28 ) . but it sometimes can be presented with symptoms of myelopathy , which may make diagnosis and early management to be quite difficult . we recently experienced a case of upper cervical m...
intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula ( davf ) usually results in various problems in the brain . but it can be presented as a myelopathy , which may make early diagnosis and management to be difficult . we recently experienced a case of cervical myelopathy caused by intracranial davf . a 60-year - old man prese...
dengue virus is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected aedes mosquitoes , principally aedes aegypti . plasma leakage is thought to be associated with functional rather than destructive effects on endothelial cells . activation of infected monocytes and t - cells , the complement system and the producti...
introduction : dengue is one of the common diseases presenting as fever with thrombocytopenia , also causing significant morbidity and complications.objectives:though the correlation between platelet count , bleeding manifestations and hemorrhagic complications has been extensively studied , less is known about the cor...
blood pressure ( bp ) has most commonly been measured manually using aneroid or mercury sphygmomanometers although electronic oscillometric bp measurement is increasingly used in many office settings [ 1 , 2 ] . accurate bp measurement is essential to the appropriate diagnosis and management of hypertension in patients...
introduction . accurate blood pressure ( bp ) measurement is essential to the diagnosis and management of hypertension in patients with systemic sclerosis ( ssc ) to help prevent renal and cardiovascular complications . the presence of an auscultatory gap during manual bp measurement the temporary disappearance of...
autism spectrum disorders ( asd ) have been repeatedly associated with motor and somatosensory impairments . motor performance is narrowly related to the correct integration of touch sensitivity , as it is shown by the coactivation of brain somatosensory and motor areas during motor tasks . thus , praxis performanc...
children with autism spectrum disorders ( asd ) often display an abnormal reactivity to tactile stimuli , altered pain perception , and lower motor skills than healthy children . nevertheless , these motor and sensory deficits have been mostly assessed by using clinical observation and self - report questionnaires . ...
in cardiovascular research , the use of mouse models is gaining importance , based on the widespread utilization of genetically altered mice and different disease models . due to small heart size and high heart rate , most cardiac imaging methods in mice have the disadvantage of requiring specialized and expensive ...
to perform cardiac imaging in mice without having to invest in expensive dedicated equipment , we adapted a clinical 1.5 tesla ( t ) magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) scanner for use in a murine ischemia / reperfusion model . phase - sensitive inversion recovery ( psir ) sequence facilitated the determination of inf...
there is currently a significant new impetus in the drive to create a generally acceptable nomenclature to underscore the creation of databases used for the collection and validation of results in the treatment of congenital cardiac malformations . thus , the association for european paediatric cardiology has publish...
the association for european paediatric cardiology , the society of thoracic surgeons , and the european association for cardiothoracic surgery , have recently published detailed hierarchical listings for the description of ventricular septal defects . this review details the anatomic basis for the european codes , i...
lipocalin - type prostaglandin ( pg ) d synthase ( l - pgds , ec 5.3.99.2 ) catalyzes the isomerization of pgh2 , a common precursor of various prostanoids , to produce pgd2 and is involved in the regulation of pain(1 ) and of nonrapid eye movement sleep in the central nervous system,(2 ) the sex differentiation of mal...
lipocalin - type prostaglandin ( pg ) d synthase ( l - pgds ) catalyzes the isomerization of pgh2 to pgd2 and is involved in the regulation of pain and of nonrapid eye movement sleep and the differentiation of male genital organs and adipocytes , etc . l - pgds is secreted into various body fluids and binds various l...
in the previous issue of critical care , kamps and colleagues reported a surprising observation , one that at first glance contradicts perceived knowledge on therapeutic cooling . numerous studies have shown that hypothermia can prevent or mitigate ischaemia / reperfusion injuries , and can be used to treat brain oed...
in vitro studies and clinical observations suggest that both accidental and controlled / therapeutic hypothermia have a strong immunosuppressive effect , and that hypothermia increases the risk of infections , especially wound infections and pneumonia . in the previous issue of critical care , kamps and colleagues repo...
periodontal disease is an inflammatory condition brought about by the interaction between microorganisms that compose supragingival and subgingival biofilms and the host inflammatory response . some of these microorganisms have been shown to be responsible for the periodontal disease initiation and progression , and ...
aim . periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the teeth supporting structures , triggered by periodontal pathogens , and is influenced by environmental and genetic factors . genes encoding molecules related to the immune response , such as cytokine , are the main candidates for polymorphisms analysis ...
rehabilitation of a critical care patient requiring prolonged ventilator support is always a challenging task for a multidisciplinary team in an intensive care unit ( icu ) . even after the patient is medically stable , the clinicians and therapists need to manage a multitude of medical problems by rehabilitating the p...
patients who are on prolonged ventilator support in critical care unit present wide variety of complications , which range from reduction in oxygen uptake to various musculoskeletal impairments . early mobilization and rehabilitation are encouraged to manage these complications effectively . use of tilt table to moti...
long - term follow - up studies on prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis ( ms ) for more than five decades are rare and has previously only been conducted in a 95-year follow - up study in olmsted county , minnesota , usa,1 and a 50-year follow - up study from hordaland county , western norway.2 follow - up on...
objectiveinvestigate the incidence of multiple sclerosis during 19532013 and estimate the prevalence rate of ms on 1 january 2003 and 2013 in hordaland county , western norway.methodsall patients with onset of disease in hordaland 19532013 were identified in files from previous studies until 2003 and from patient recor...
clear cell odontogenic carcinoma ( ccoc ) is a rare neoplasm of the jaws and was first described by two separate groups of researchers , hansen et al . , and waldron et al . , in 1985 . it was then termed as clear cell odontogenic tumor considering its locally destructive nature . in 1992 , it was included in the w...
clear cell odontogenic carcinoma is a rare odontogenic tumor occurring predominantly in posterior mandible during 5th-7th decades with a female predilection . it is a potentially aggressive tumor , capable of frequent recurrences and loco - regional and distant metastases . till date , only 73 cases have been repor...
obesity is a well known mortality risk factor among the general population,1 and has been described as one the most visible yet neglected public health problems.2 obesity is commonly assessed by body mass index ( bmi ) , with underweight ( bmi < 18.5 kg / m ) and obese ( bmi 30.0 kg / m ) individuals having a high...
objectivelittle is known about the relationship between body composition indicators , including body mass index ( bmi ) , fat mass index ( fmi ) and lean bmi ( lbmi ) , and adverse outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ) in asian populations . the aim of this study was to clarify this relationship.m...
ankylosing spondylitis ( as ) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder that usually begins at the age of approximately 26 years , presents more often in men than women , and mainly affects the axial skeleton.1 ) among the well known extra - articular involvements in as , cardiac involvements which include aortitis ,...
backgroundthis study was conducted to determine the early cardiac valvular changes in young male ankylosing spondylitis ( as ) patients.methodsa total of 70 as patients on treatment without clinical cardiac symptoms were divided into group i ( < 10 years , n = 50 ) and group ii ( 10 years , n = 20 ) depending on their...
munchausen syndrome by proxy is an intentional production of illness in another to assume sick role by proxy with absent external incentives for the behavior . the victims are usually under 6 years of age . these cases more often remain undiagnosed resulting in frequent unnecessary investigations and hospitalizations...
munchausen syndrome by proxy ( msbp ) is emerging as a serious form of child abuse . it is an intentional production of illness in another , usually children by mothers , to assume sick role by proxy . it is poorly understood and a controversial diagnosis . treatment is very difficult . we present a case of 9-y...
francisella tularensis , the causative agent of tularemia , has attracted significant attention over the years . a major reason is that the most pathogenic variant , subspecies tularensis also known as type a , causes severe infections that without rapid therapeutic intervention shows high mortality rates . type a ...
francisella tularensis is a highly virulent intracellular human pathogen that is capable of rapid proliferation in the infected host . mutants affected in intracellular survival and growth are highly attenuated which highlights the importance of the intracellular phase of the infection . genomic analysis has reveal...
nematodes of the genus trichinella can be detected in striated muscles of carnivore and omnivore mammals , birds , and reptiles worldwide . these zoonotic nematodes can reach human beings when raw or semi - raw meat and meat derived products from swine , horse , and game animals are ingested . this zoonosis can be ...
trichinellosis is a debilitating disease in humans and is caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked meat of animals infected with the nematode larvae of the genus trichinella . the most important sources of human infections worldwide are game meat and pork or pork products . in many countries , the prevention...
in order to improve diagnostic efficacy of pancreatic masses , a new endoscopic ultrasonography - fine - needle aspiration ( eus - fna ) needle was developed ( echotip procore hd ) . the present study intends to compare the results obtained by these two needles when performing eus - fna of pancreatic solid lesions . ...
introduction : in order to improve diagnostic efficacy of pancreatic masses , a new endoscopic ultrasonography - fine - needle aspiration ( eus - fna ) needle was developed ( echotip procore hd ) . very few studies have compared these two needles and none could avoid selection biases.aims:the present study intends to...
colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among men and women combined in the united states , australia , and europe and is a major problem in many other countries . a typical western diet , high in fat and low in fiber , has been shown to contribute to the development of colon cancer in e...
we report that deoxycholate ( doc ) , a hydrophobic bile acid associated with a high - fat diet , activates the autophagic pathway in non - cancer colon epithelial cells ( ncm-460 ) , and that this activation contributes to cell survival . the doc - induced increase in autophagy was documented by an increase in autop...
a 16-year - old female visited the department of otolaryngology at pusan national university , yang - san hospital , for treatment of a tongue mass . the dome - shaped , 0.5 cm mass was located in the anterior right tongue ( fig . closer inspection revealed that the tumor cells were arranged in a cord , nest , or r...
ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor ( ecmt ) is a rare tumor , exclusively arising in the anterior tongue . thirty - eight cases have been reported in the english literature . it usually presents as a sessile protrusion and shows round to spindle cells embedded in myxoid to chondroid stroma . tumor cells are almo...
acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit that affects almost all individuals during adolescence , being moderate to severe in 1520% of cases . underlying aetiological factors include increased sebum production , propionibacterium acnes colonisation , follicular hyperkeratosis and inf...
background : scarring following acne vulgaris is common and can be of profound psychosocial consequence.aims and objectives : we have clinically noted a variant of acne scarring , overlooked by previous categorisation schemes , which we have denominated as papular acne scars of the nose and chin . we sought to characte...
mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) is a transitional state between normal cognitive function and dementia . it is predicted that 5080% of patients with mci will eventually develop dementia in the later stage of the disease . the memory - predominant subtype , amnestic mci ( amci ) conveys the highest risk of progres...
background . amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( amci ) often progresses to alzheimer 's disease . there are clinical markers and biomarkers to identify the degenerative process in the brain . objectives . to obtain the diagnostic values of olfactory test , pupillary response to tropicamide 0.01% , bdnf plasma l...
. however , reinfection with vzv occurs more commonly than previously thought ( 1 ) . varicella pneumonia is the most common complication of vzv infection in adults ( 2 ) . computed tomography ( ct ) findings in varicella pneumonia patients generally show bilateral nodular infiltration ( 3 ) . a 56-year - old mal...
varicella zoster virus ( vzv ) infection does not always provide lifelong immunity . a reinfection with vzv occurs more commonly than previously thought . varicella infection spreads through the blood - stream , causing pneumonia . varicella pneumonia results in bilateral pulmonary nodular infiltrations . we he...
the symptoms consist of muscle weakness , pain , cramps , and stiffness and are usually mild but tend to become overt especially in untreated severe hypothyroidism . there are four subtypes of myopathy associated with hypothyroidism : hoffmann 's syndrome , myasthenic syndrome , atrophic form , and kocher - debre - sem...
hypothyroid myopathy is observed frequently and the resolution of the clinical manifestations of myopathy following thyroid hormone replacement is well known . however , a specific subtype of hypothyroid myopathy , hoffmann 's syndrome , characterized by increased muscular mass ( pseudohypertrophy ) , proximal muscle...
crown fractures in the anterior permanent teeth represent 92% of all traumatic injuries of the permanent teeth . fractures of the anterior teeth in addition to affecting the function , and aesthetics , can be psychologically distressing to the patient . advances in adhesive dentistry now offer endodontic options to...
trauma to the anterior teeth affects the esthetic and psychological well - being of the patient . advancement in the adhesive dentistry has facilitated the restoration of the coronal tooth fractures by minimally invasive procedures when the original tooth fragment is available . reattachment of fractured fragment o...
alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is a neurological disorder characterized by profound memory loss and progressive dementia . in addition to genetic susceptibility genes , such as apoe4 allele , a number of risk factors has been identified including many lifestyle and dietary choices . type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2-dm2 )...
diabetes mellitus ( dm ) is an important risk factor for alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . most diabetic patients have insulin resistance ( ir ) that is associated with compensatory hyperinsulinemia , one of the mechanisms suggested for increased ad risk in patients with dm . alpha - lipoic acid ( ala ) is a disulfide mo...
pelvic organ prolapse ( pop ) develops as the loss of the support provided by pelvic fascia and muscles resulting in the bulging or herniation of the uterus , bladder , and/or rectum . pop are major health issues for women , affecting 40% of postmenopausal women , and directly affects bladder and bowel function , as ...
backgroundpelvic organ prolapse ( pop ) brings major health issues for women , affecting 40% of postmenopausal women , and directly affects bladder and bowel function , as well as quality of life . in light of the projected growth in demand for care for pelvic floor disorders , determining the etiology and progressio...
in belgrade , where i grew up , i was a mediocre science student , unlikely to spontaneously improve . i have to believe this was because the subject was taught by rote memorization , but regardless , i was more interested in the indolent pursuits of disaffected youth in latter - day yugoslavia , like stealing car ra...
while trying to extract original and general advice from the details of my career , i realized this might not be possible . my path , like those of so many others , had too many idiosyncratic twists and turns that had to work out just the way they did to be mined for generally useful strategies . so i abandon the c...
the structure and composition of silica - rich particles recovered by lavage from the lungs of three active miners with different medical histories were studied using high - resolution electron microscopy and chemical microanalysis . the results are compared to the similarly determined structure and composition of re...
in summer and autumn 2011 an unknown disease including the clinical signs of diarrhoea , fever and a reduction in milk yield for a short period of time was worrying dairy cattle farmers and veterinarians in the netherlands and the north - western parts of germany . in november 2011 the friedrich - loeffler - institute ...
summaryanimal losses due to abortion and malformed offspring during the lambing period 2011/2012 amounted to 50% in ruminants in europe . a new arthropod - borne virus , called schmallenberg virus ( sbv ) , was identified as the cause of these losses . blood samples were obtained from 40 goat flocks and tested for ...
antimicrobial stewardship interventions to promote the judicious use of antibiotics have been recommended by medical organizations and governments as critical means to reduce the burden of antimicrobial resistance , cost , and toxicity . the infectious diseases society of america and the society of healthcare epidemi...
we describe the development of an audit and feedback intervention to improve antibiotic prescribing in the neonatal intensive care unit ( nicu ) using a theoretical framework . participants included attending physicians , neonatal fellows , pediatric residents , and nurse practitioners . the intervention was based ...
a large meta - analysis ( n = 171,756 ) published in 2007 involving the review of 303 literature articles placed the worldwide pooled incidence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ) at 5.29% . however , this review suggested that geographic location plays only a limited role in the reasons for the larg...
backgroundthis paper documents a retrospective pilot study of a novel approach for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ) with amino acid precursors of serotonin and dopamine in conjunction with urinary monoamine assays subjected to organic cation transporter ( oct ) functional status determination ...
in this paper i explore parallels between universal design ( ud ) and rehabilitation that risk reproducing legitimated forms of bodies and mobilities , and in so doing perpetuating the othering of difference . to do this i explore the notion of connectivities , that is , the profound connections between persons , t...
purposeuniversal design ( ud ) is oriented to creating products , buildings , outdoor spaces and services for use by all people to the fullest extent possible according to principles of enabling equal citizenship . nevertheless its theoretical basis has been under - explored , a critique that has also been leveled at...
due to the availability of efficient fluorescent probes and labeling recipes , fluorescence microscopy allows the direct observation of cellular processes in fixed and living cells as well as in complete organisms with molecular specificity and high temporal resolution in three dimensions ( giepmans et al . 2006 ; ha...
super - resolution imaging by single - molecule localization ( localization microscopy ) provides the ability to unravel the structural organization of cells and the composition of biomolecular assemblies at a spatial resolution that is well below the diffraction limit approaching virtually molecular resolution . con...
mycobacterium kansasii is a non - tuberculosis mycobacterium that is more prevalent in southeastern and southern coastal states and the central plains . chronic diseases were common among hiv - negative persons ; however , 40.3% had no predisposing medical condition . mycobacterium kansasii usually presents as lung...
we report the second case of mycobacterium kansasii spondylitis in a 14-year - old caucasian girl who presented with pain in the thoracolumbar region . there was collapsed t8 and discitis , and a cavitary lesion in new chest ct . biopsy taken from thoracic lesion t8 with ct guidance which had evidence of osteomyeli...
stroke is a major cause of disability in the adult population , affecting participation in daily activities and integration into the community . stroke survivors have significant complications , such as visuoperceptual impairment , muscle weakness , spasticity , cognitive impairment , depression , neglect , red...
[ purpose ] driving is a vital component of recovery for stroke survivors facilitating restoration of their family roles and reintegration back into their communities and associations . the purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the safe driving behavior measure ( sdbm ) in commun...
hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is a type of highly malignant cancer with insidious onset , fast progression , and a low 5-year survival rate . early diagnosis and precise evaluation of the prognosis are critical to improve the diagnosis and treatment of hcc . a search for specific biomarkers for the diagnosis and a...
in this study , the two - step pv method of immunohistochemistry was used to determine livin protein expression in hcc tissues , pericarcinoma tissues , hepatitis / hepatic cirrhosis tissues , and normal hepatic tissues , and livin protein expression was detected in the blood plasma of patients with hcc before and afte...
marie - unna hereditary hypotrichosis ( muhh ) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a distinctive pattern of hair loss . it was first described by marie - unna in a german family , where individuals over seven generations were affected by a previously unreported type of congenital hypotrichosis . the ...
marie - unna type of hereditary hypotrichosis is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that has a distinctive type of hair loss pattern that varies with child 's age . it is characterized by sparse or absent hair at birth with regrowth of coarse , wiry twisted hair from childhood , followed by progressive loss on approa...
in the past decade several reports have shown that p2-receptor signalling plays a central role in bone physiology [ 15 ] . bone cells express several types of p2 receptors , allowing them to respond differently to nucleotides , depending on the types of nucleotides present , their concentration , and the duration of ...
macrophages from mouse strains with the naturally occurring mutation p451l in the purinergic receptor p2x7 have impaired responses to agonists ( 1 ) . because p2x7 receptors are expressed in bone cells and are implicated in bone physiology , we asked whether strains with the p451l mutation have a different bone pheno...
improvement in the oral health status by the early detection of active disease is an important achievement of regular dental visits . one of the commonly used indices to assess dental service utilization is the percentage of the population attending a dental visit in the previous year . in developing countries , pe...
objectives : to evaluate the association between dental service utilization and mental health in an adult population in the context of the socioeconomic status of the participants.subjects and methods : multi - stage cluster random sampling was performed in tehran , iran , in 2011 . data were collected on dental serv...
turner syndrome is a disease caused by a total or partial loss of an x chromosome in women , showing a frequency of 1 per 2,500 - 4,000 live - born females ( 1 , 2 ) . it is a well - known fact that the frequency of characteristics , such as short stature , gonadal dysgenesis , webbed neck , or cubitus valgus , and c...
turner syndrome is well known to be associated with significant cardiovascular abnormalities . this paper studied the incidence of cardiovascular abnormalities in asymptomatic adolescent patients with turner syndrome using multidetector computed tomography ( mdct ) instead of echocardiography . twenty subjects diag...
rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) is a kind of chronic systemic autoimmune disease , accompanied by the destruction of cartilage and bone . fibroblast - like synoviocytes ( fls ) in synovial tissues have been shown to play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of ra , such as initiation of inflammatory responses and inflammati...
rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration , synovial inflammation , and cartilage destruction . proliferative fibroblast - like synoviocytes ( fls ) play crucial roles in both propagation of inflammation and joint damage because of their pro...
in addition to the risk of accidents , the frequent recurrence of seizures may easily lead to mental illnesses . preoperative evaluation and localization of epileptic foci depends on the regional distribution of lesions , especially in surgery for refractory epilepsy . therefore , it is of great significance to loc...
backgroundthe aim of this study was to explore the value of neurogam software in diagnosis of epilepsy by 99tcm - ethyl cysteinate dimer ( ecd ) brain imaging.material/methodsneurogam was used to analyze 52 cases of clinically proven epilepsy by 99tcm - ecd brain imaging . the results were compared with eeg and mri ,...
respiratory distress syndrome ( rds ) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia ( bpd ) remain major factors for morbidity and mortality in extremely preterm infants . histopathological studies in preterm infants dying from bpd demonstrate an arrest of lung development with reduced alveologenesis . the concept has evo...
preterm delivery is associated with disruption of the placental supply with 17-estradiol ( e2 ) and progesterone ( p ) . the aim is to evaluate the role of e2 and p on the regulation of key proteins in lung development in embryonic lung cells . alveolar cell type ii ( at - ii ) and central lung fibroblast cultures ...