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root canal irrigation plays an important role in the debridement and disinfection of the root canal system.1 the currently available evidence strongly favors naocl as the main endodontic irrigant.2 several investigations have shown its antibacterial effectiveness and tissue dissolution capacity.35 however , naocl is ti... | objectivesto determine the influence of passive ultrasonic irrigation ( pui ) on apical extrusion of irrigating solution.methodstwenty freshly extracted maxillary and mandibular incisors with single straight root canals were instrumented with protaper rotary files . during final irrigation ,
the root canals were fill... |
thus , informed consent was not required for this retrospective study . from june 1997 to june 2005 , 30 consecutive patients , who had surgically proven early hepatocellular carcinoma , were identified after a computerized search of the pathologic database at our institution .
next , a pathologist of our institution... | objectiveto evaluate the three - phase helical ct features of early hepatocellular carcinomas , based on the new japanese classification.materials and methodsover the course of an eight - year period , we collected 16 pathologically proven early hepatocellular carcinomas from 16 patients having undergone a three - phas... |
petrochemical industry is one of the leading industries with a weightage of 14% in the industrial production index . in india ,
these industries are involved in the manufacturing of certain organic solvents such as benzene , toluene , xylene , ethyl benzene , and styrene .
organic solvents are used in refining auto... | aim : the purpose of this study was to evaluate the visual functions of workers exposed to organic solvents in petrochemical industries.materials and methods : thirty workers from the petroleum refinery and 30 age - matched controls ( mean age ) were recruited .
visual functions and occupational exposure levels were ... |
chronic hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) infection causes serious damage to human health and must be recognized and treated correctly .
effective antiviral therapy can stop the progression of liver injury and prevent the development of cirrhosis , hepatocellular carcinoma , and complications . in the mid-1970s ,
interfero... | background : the ultimate goal of hepatitis b treatment is hepatitis b surface antigen ( hbsag ) seroclearance .
several factors have been suggested to be associated with the rate of hbsag reduction in antiviral - naive or lamivudine therapy cohorts .
however , there are few studies evaluating the factors during lo... |
gene map construction can be dated back to the early 19 century when a gene responsible for red - green color blindness was assigned to the human x chromosome 1 .
the idea of mapping a genome became a reality in the mid-1970s , due to recombinant dna technology that helped develop a variety of strategies to facilitat... | during the last three decades , both genome mapping and sequencing methods have advanced significantly to provide a foundation for scientists to understand genome structures and functions in many species .
generally speaking , genome mapping relies on genome sequencing to provide basic materials , such as dna probes ... |
our aim was to describe a case of a 25-years - old male diagnosed with anterior megalophthalmos in both eyes and present the usefulness of pentacam hr in such a case . at birth ,
the lengths of both corneas of the proband were found specifically enlarged . at examination under anesthesia , buphthalmus was excluded wi... | we report an anterior megalophthalmos case with decreased corneal thickness and show the findings using scheimpflug imaging .
a 25-year - old male was diagnosed with anterior megalophthalmos . in both eyes ,
enlarged corneal length was measured . beside a comparatively good visual acuity , a thin but clear cornea ,... |
basement membranes form the natural supporting structure upon which cells migrate , proliferate , and differentiate .
they contain a tissue - specific composition of extracellular matrix components , containing collagen type iv , laminin , heparan sulfate proteoglycans , and nidogen . in mammals
both isoforms bind ... | distribution and lack of nidogen-1 , part of numerous basement membranes , were studied in the mouse eye . for that purpose ,
eyes of c57bl/6 and nidogen-1 knockout mice were stained immunohistochemically for nidogen-1 , and intraocular pressure measurements and light- and electron microscopy were used to study the n... |
the implication of viruses in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders has been posited since the foundations of modern psychiatry .
few years after the outbreak of the 1918 flu pandemic , the nosographic analogies between postinfluenza encephalitic manifestations and psychotic traits prompted menninger to co... | converging lines of clinical and epidemiological evidence suggest that viral infections in early developmental stages may be a causal factor in neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia , bipolar disorder , and autism - spectrum disorders .
this etiological link , however , remains controversial in view of the... |
since they were first reported by kunze and schiefer in 1971 , spontaneous dissecting aneurysms localized in the anterior circulation appear to be rare.10 ) the etiology and prognosis of dissecting aneurysms remain obscure .
the natural history of ruptured dissecting aneurysms is ill - defined but the risk of early r... | rupture of spontaneous dissecting aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery ( mca ) is rare and its etiology remains obscure , although the risk of rebleeding is greater than with saccular aneurysms .
most reports concerning the treatment of a ruptured dissecting aneurysm of the anterior circulation involve surgical tr... |
foodborne illness is a serious worldwide health concern.1 the increased rate of hospitalizations and deaths due to gastrointestinal disorders caused by bacterial infections has become a significant challenge for medical professionals.2 among the many pathogenic bacteria responsible for enteric diseases , salmonella ent... | abstractconventional glycoconjugate vaccines are prepared with polysaccharides isolated from bacterial fermentation , an approach with some significant drawbacks such as handling of live bacterial strains , the presence of biological impurities , and interbatch variations in oligosaccharide epitope structure .
howeve... |
the complications of diabetes mellitus ( dm ) could be acute or chronic.1 acute complications of dm include diabetic ketoacidosis ( dka ) , hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic state ( hhnk ) , lactic acidosis , and normo - osmolar nonketotic hyperglycemic state ( nnhs ) ; of these , dka and hhnk are the two most comm... | objectivethe objective of this study is to assess the treatment outcomes in patients with hyperglycemic emergencies and to ascertain the factors associated with outcome , with emphasis on the determinants of outcome.methoda total of 105 patients admitted to the accident and emergency unit , who fulfilled the criteria f... |
unlike other mycobacteria , mycobacterium leprae is unique in the fact that it is an obligate intracellular parasite and serves as excellent model to study how these bacteria exploit the functions of their host cells .
genome reduction is a common phenomenon of these obligatory intracellular parasites that target ove... | background : genomic reduction helps obligate intracellular microbes to survive difficult host niches .
adaptation of mycobacterium leprae in cases of pure neural leprosy ( pnl ) in the intracellular niche of peripheral nerves can be associated with some gene loss .
recently , a stable but variable number of tandem... |
b. subtilis strain 168 ( trp ) and derivatives of strain jh642 ( trp phe ) were used for all experiments ( supplementary table ) and were constructed by standard procedures31 .
the pria mutation was constructed by attaching an ssra * tag onto the 3-end of pria .
ssra * encodes a tag that makes the gene produc... | summaryhead - on encounters between the replication and transcription machineries on the lagging dna strand can lead to replication fork arrest and genomic instability1,2 . to avoid head - on encounters ,
most genes , especially essential and highly transcribed genes , are encoded on the leading strand such that tran... |
sodium iodide symporter ( nis ) is a plasma membrane glycoprotein that mediates uptake of iodine into the thyroid for the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones .
nis is also used as a reporter gene in small and large animal imaging studies and in humans to monitor the pharmacokinetics and fate of gene , cell and virus the... | nis reporter gene imaging is an excellent technology for noninvasive cell fate determination in living animals unless the nis - transduced cells reside in perigastric organs such as spleen , liver , diaphragm , omentum , pancreas , perigastric lymph nodes or perigastric tumor deposits .
here we report that orally adm... |
a 30-year - old , right - hand dominant woman was presented with a rapidly growing mass of the right thumb , without any history of trauma .
she had first noticed a small mass in the dorsoradial aspect of the right thumb approximately one month ago . there was no generalized fever or local inflammatory signs .
her ... | nodular fasciitis is a benign , reactive myofibroblastic tumor that is often mistaken for a sarcoma because of its histological appearance and rapid growth .
involvement of a finger is extremely rare .
we report a case of nodular fasciitis of the thumb , accompanied by bone erosion .
magnetic resonance findings s... |
in 1986 , the italian environment ministry has officially recognized a number of high - risk areas across italy , and over the last two decades other areas have been added to the list . the current number of high - risk areas is 53 , including 3 in sicily , where past and current industrial activities caused environmen... | in the milazzo - valle del mela area , the presence of industrial plants and the oil refinery make local residents concerned for their health . for this reason
, we evaluated the levels of heavy metals in 226 children aged 1214 years , living in the 7 municipalities of the area .
a control age - matched population ... |
it comprises a heterogeneous group of epilepsy syndromes characterized by a shared predisposition to develop unprovoked epileptic seizures ( fisher et al . , 2014 ) .
based on the origin of seizure activity , epileptic seizures and syndromes can be focal or generalized ( berg et al . , 2010 ) .
estimates from twin ... | over the last decade , the field of imaging genomics has combined high - throughput genotype data with quantitative magnetic resonance imaging ( qmri ) measures to identify genes associated with brain structure , cognition , and several brain - related disorders . despite its successful application in different psychia... |
maxillary sinus surgery can be defined as a routine and predictable procedure for the prosthetic rehabilitation in the atrophic maxilla [ 17 ] . in the past ,
implant treatment was applied to total edentulous patients [ 8 , 9 ] and was later extended to partially edentulous patients ; however , the resorption of the ... | introduction .
maxillary sinus surgery is a reliable and predictable treatment option for the prosthetic rehabilitation of the atrophic maxilla . nevertheless , these interventions are not riskless of postoperative complications with respect to implant positioning in pristine bone .
aim .
the aim of this paper is... |
" cell biology is not a notoriously self - critical field . we cell biologists are not reticent about announcing breakthroughs and making promises of imminent revolutions .
however , one can not summarize the history of research and thought about mitosis as a progress from primitive glimmerings to modern revelations ... | the concept of checkpoint controls revolutionized our understanding of the cell cycle . here
we revisit the defining features of checkpoints and argue that failure to properly appreciate the concept is leading to misinterpretation of experimental results .
we illustrate , using the mitotic checkpoint , problems tha... |
connectomics , which is conceptualized as the mapping of the organization and the complete interactions of all neural elements in the brain , is currently a popular framework for studying brain structure and function.13 based on advances in in vivo neuroimaging techniques ( eg , functional magnetic resonance imaging [ ... | psychiatric disorders disturb higher cognitive functions and severely compromise human health .
however , the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders are very complex , and understanding these mechanisms remains a great challenge .
currently , many psychiatric disorders are hypothesized to re... |
the rapidly increasing use of microwave radiation , has raised public concern about possible detrimental effects of non - ionizing radiation sources , which work in this frequency range .
radio detection and ranging ( radar ) equipments send and transmit high - power radio frequency ( rf ) waves by producing a high -... | introduction : radar workers are exposed to pulsed high frequency electromagnetic fields . in this study ,
health effects of these radiations in personnel who routinely work with radar systems are investigated.materials and methods : the 28-item general health questionnaire was used as a self - administered tool for ... |
the main purpose of endodontic therapy is a thorough mechanical and chemical cleansing of the entire pulp cavity and complete obturation with an inert filling material .
a clear knowledge of the anatomy of root canal systems is an essential prerequisite to carrying out root canal preparation .
many of the problems ... | background and aims
a perfect endodontic treatment necessitates proper understanding of the morphology of canal and pulpal variations . this in vitro study
was conducted to demonstrate the in - ternal anatomy of mandibular canine teeth in an iranian population .
materials and methods
the samples consisted of 10... |
the young adulthood period is associated with the greatest gains in adiposity during the life course ( 1,2 ) .
although middle - aged adults have the highest incidence of diabetes in the u.s . , incidence in younger adults has risen steadily in recent years ( 3 ) .
research on the clinical predictors of type 2 diab... | objectiveto determine whether duration and degree of weight gain are differentially associated with diabetes risk in younger versus middle - aged black and white adults.research design and methodswe combined data from three cohort studies : atherosclerosis risk in communities ( aric ) , coronary artery risk development... |
dentin thickness is one of the most important factors determining the resistance to fracture of teeth .
the tissue loss of the tooth reduces the fracture resistance toward occlusal or traumatic forces .
endodontic treatment of immature teeth has been a problem due to their wide , open apices , and thin dentin walls... | objective : the purpose of this study was to evaluate fracture resistance of teeth with immature apices treated with coronal placement of mineral trioxide aggregate ( mta ) , bioaggregate ( ba ) , and biodentine.materials and methods : forty - one freshly extracted , single - rooted human premolar teeth were used for t... |
a cross - sectional , questionnaire - based survey was conducted among internship students attending the department of community and preventive dentistry in faculty of dentistry , benghazi , libya , between july and october 2012 . surveying new dental graduates is a popular method used to assess their competencies at t... | backgrounda previous study has shown that dental practitioners in benghazi believed that the less prevention - oriented education system is one of the barriers to applying preventive dentistry.objectiveto assess attitudes and perceived competence of the dental graduates in benghazi towards prevention and early manageme... |
hepatitis e virus ( hev ) , originally recognized as non - a and non - b hepatitis inducing agent , was recently classified into the genus hepevirus and family hepeviridae .
hev is a non - enveloped virus with a diameter of 27 - 34 nm .
it has a single - stranded and positive sense rna genome that is approximately ... | hepatitis e has traditionally been considered an endemic disease of developing countries .
it generally spreads through contaminated water .
however , seroprevalence studies have shown that hepatitis e virus ( hev ) infections are not uncommon in industrialized countries .
in addition , the number of autochthonou... |
it performs iterative profile searching similar to psi - blast ( 1 ) , but with full dynamic programing on each cycle and on - the - fly estimation of significance .
the scanps web server has been developed to simplify the running and analysis of scanps searches .
an innovative aspect of the server is its novel tre... | scanps performs iterative profile searching similar to psi - blast but with full dynamic programing on each cycle and on - the - fly estimation of significance .
this combination gives good sensitivity and selectivity that outperforms psi - blast in domain - searching benchmarks . although computationally expensive ,... |
freshly prepare carnoy 's fixative by combining absolute ethanol , chloroform and glacial acetic acid in proportion 6:3:1 respectively .
this , as well as all solutions for submerging collars should be kept in glass staining jars ( see reagents section for recommendation ) .
prepare the following solutions in stain... | the molecular characterization of muscular dystrophies and myopathies in humans has revealed the complexity of muscle disease and genetic analysis of muscle specification , formation and function in model systems has provided valuable insight into muscle physiology .
therefore , identifying and characterizing molecul... |
during the study period of 15 february 2009 to 15 february 2011 , all danish - speaking pregnant women with pregestational diabetes referred to the center for pregnant women with diabetes , rigshospitalet , before 14 completed gestational weeks with one living intrauterine fetus ( n = 222 ) , were offered participation... | objectiveto assess whether intermittent real - time continuous glucose monitoring ( cgm ) improves glycemic control and pregnancy outcome in unselected women with pregestational diabetes.research design and methodsa total of 123 women with type 1 diabetes and 31 women with type 2 diabetes were randomized to use real - ... |
abnormal proliferation and/or persistence of synoviocytes and
inflammatory cells has long been described in inflammatory
arthritis conditions , but only recently substantial attention has
been drawn to the relevance of abnormal apoptotic processes in
disease pathogenesis and treatment . rheumatoid arthritis
(... | we examined the role of tumor necrosis factor ( tnf- ) and
its related signaling intermediates leading to
apoptosis / proliferation in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells
( pbmcs ) of ra patients .
the constitutive expression of mrna for
tnf- receptors ( tnfr - i and tnfr - ii ) and the adapter
molecules... |
hematogenic metastasis from primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( escc ) commonly occurs in the lungs , liver and bones .
metastasis to the gastrointestinal tract from primary escc is rare , with gastric wall metastasis being the most frequently observed followed by metastasis to the small intestine .
howeve... | the management of synchronous asymptomatic colonic metastases from primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( escc ) has not yet been reported .
a 64-year - old male patient was diagnosed with middle thoracic escc .
the patient received chemoradiotherapy and incomplete response / stable disease was achieved .
p... |
emerging national data suggests a plateau in obesity prevalence among children in the usa . yet
all age groups continue to have high obesity prevalence , with 16.9% us children aged 212 years affected by obesity .
socioeconomic and racial / ethnic disparities in childhood obesity persist and appear to be widening [... | objectives .
modifiable behaviors during the first 1000 days ( conception age 24 months ) mediate hispanic children 's obesity disparities . we aimed to examine underlying reasons for early life obesity risk factors and identify potential early life intervention strategies
. methods .
we conducted 7 focus groups ... |
the antenatal period is often considered to be an important opportunity for health promotion and guidance , offering the so - called teachable moments . usual antenatal care associated with normal pregnancy puts women into greater contact with health professionals , and it is thought that responsibility for their dev... | the current emphasis on obstetric risk management helps to frame gestational weight gain as problematic and encourages intervention by healthcare professionals .
however pregnant women have reported confusion , distrust , and negative effects associated with antenatal weight management interactions . the magic study ... |
there are only limited case reports of isolated tubercular involvement of the parietes even though tuberculosis is a rampant in developing countries and with the rapid spread of acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( aids ) it has made inroads into the developed nations as well .
the common organs of involvement are t... | tuberculosis is considered as ubiquitous disease as it involves any organ , but primary involvement of abdominal muscles is very rare . in most cases ,
the muscle involvement is secondary and is caused by either hematogenous route or direct inoculation from a tuberculous abdominal lymph node or extension from underly... |
amino acid transport across the saccharomyces cerevisiae plasma membrane is an active and highly regulated process mediated by transmembrane proteins called permeases.based on their amino acid sequences , these permeases can be grouped into an amino acid permease family ( aap ) that includes 18 members of proteins [ 14... | we focused on the participation of gap1 , bap2 , and agp1 in l - phenylalanine transport in yeast . in order to study the physiological functions of gap1 , bap2 , and agp1 in l - phenylalanine transport , we examined the kinetics , substrate specificity , and regulation of these systems , employing isogenic haploid str... |
castleman disease ( cd ) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder most frequently occurring in the mediastinum .
few cases of endoscopic ultrasonography - fine - needle aspiration ( eus - fna ) findings of this lesion have been reported , where no real - time tissue elastography ( rtte ) has been described in the liter... | background : castleman disease ( cd ) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder most frequently occurring in the mediastinum .
peripancreatic forms are less frequent .
few cases of endoscopic ultrasonography - fine - needle aspiration ( eus - fna ) findings of this lesion have been reported , where no real - time tiss... |
the aging of the population and the tendency to treat younger patients with various hip disorders have increased the incidence of primary and revision thas in western countries during the past 20 years [ 16 , 24 , 35 ] .
annually , more than 40,000 revision procedures are performed on patients in the united states a... | the disadvantages of allografts to restore femoral bone defects during revision hip surgery have led to the search for alternative materials .
we investigated the feasibility of using porous titanium particles and posed the following questions : ( 1 ) is it possible to create a high - quality femoral graft of porous ... |
there is almost universal agreement that hormone therapy ( ht ) effectively treats and prevents menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis .
these effects have been reported in a variety of well - respected observational and randomized clinical trials ( rcts ) ( raz and stamm 1993 ; writing group for the pepi trial 1996 ; ... | the clinical aftermath of the reporting of the initial findings of the women s health initiative ( whi ) in 2002 was a profound reduction in the use of hormone therapies by menopausal women .
this reduction led to a well documented increase in vasomotor symptoms and vaginal atrophy among those women who discontinued ... |
water - soluble colloidal semiconductor quantum dots ( qds ) are a new class of fluorescent probes with excellent optical properties .
researches have recently been focused not only on their photoluminescence ( pl ) behaviors , but also on their biomedical applications of labeling of cells , protein trafficking , dna... | internalization and dynamic subcellular distribution of thiol - capped cdte quantum dots ( qds ) in living cells were studied by means of laser scanning confocal microscopy .
these unfunctionalized qds were well internalized into human hepatocellular carcinoma and rat basophilic leukemia cells in vitro .
co - local... |
recruitment to the whitehall ii study took place between 1985 and 1988 among all office staff , aged 3555 years , in 20 london - based civil service departments ( 22 ) .
informed consent was obtained from all participants , and the university college london medical school committee on the ethics of human research app... | objectivewe examined whether psychological distress predicts incident type 2 diabetes and if the association differs between populations at higher or lower risk of type 2 diabetes.research design and methodsthis was a prospective cohort of 5,932 diabetes - free adults ( 4,189 men and 1,743 women , mean age 54.6 years )... |
magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( mrs ) , firstly introduced for clinical use in 1990 , was recognized as one of the most promising tools in detecting metabolic activity profiles that could help in non - invasive histological discrimination of brain tumors . since then and for the last decades ,
mrs combined with oth... | in their daily clinical practice , physicians have to confront diagnostic dilemmas which can not be resolved by the application of only one imaging technique . in this case report
, we present a 66-year - old woman who was admitted to our institution for the surgical resection of a recently diagnosed brain tumor .
... |
after decades of study , subarachnoid hemorrhage ( sah ) induced cerebral vasospasm persists to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients who suffered from aneurism rupture [ 17 ] . because of the lack of effective therapies to change this condition , the precise mechanisms of this disease content , in a ... | high - mobility group box 1 ( hmgb1 ) was shown to be an important extracellular mediator involved in vascular inflammation of animals following subarachnoid hemorrhage ( sah ) .
this study is of interest to examine the efficacy of purpurogallin , a natural phenol , on the alternation of cytokines and hmgb1 in a sah ... |
drosophila circadian locomotor rhythms are generated by subsets of clock - containing neurons in the brain . under light - dark ( ld ) cycles , the small ventral lateral neurons ( s - lnvs ; m oscillators ) and a small subset of lateral and dorsal neurons named e oscillators drive morning and evening activity peaks . i... | summarycircadian clocks in large part rely on transcriptional feedback loops . at the core of the clock machinery , the transcriptional activators clock / bmal1 ( in mammals ) and
clock / cycle ( clk / cyc ) ( in drosophila ) drive the expression of the period ( per ) family genes .
the per - containing complexes i... |
pyogenic granuloma ( pg ) also known as granuloma telangiectaticum is a benign vascular tumor commonly seen in infants and children but can also occur in adults , particularly in pregnant women .
although the exact cause is not known , possible inciting agents are trauma , chronic irritation , drugs , e.g. , retinoid... | pyogenic granuloma is a benign vascular tumor of unknown etiology , though multiple factors play a role in its onset , e.g. , trauma , chronic irritation , drugs etc .
, it is commonly seen in children and adolescents .
giant pyogenic granuloma is its atypical variant .
we are presenting two cases of giant pyogen... |
periodic knowledge , attitude , and practice ( kap ) studies serve as an educational diagnosis of a population or community and are an important way to measure changing beliefs and behaviors over time .
it tells us what people know about certain things , how they feel , and how they behave .
this information helps ... | background : tuberculosis ( tb ) remains as an important public health problem in india .
awareness about the disease , its diagnosis , and treatment among public will help in controlling the killer disease .
this study aims at arriving at an educational diagnosis about tb in an urban poor community.materials and m... |
bacterial contamination of ex vivo stored injectable biological fluids such as blood and blood components preserved in plasma is a major complication for transfusion medicine , resulting in both wasteful discarding of valuable blood products and , more significantly , health risks for recipients of contaminated donor b... | bacterial contamination of injectable stored biological fluids such as blood plasma and platelet concentrates preserved in plasma at room temperature is a major health risk .
current pathogen reduction technologies ( prt ) rely on the use of chemicals and/or ultraviolet light , which affects product quality and can b... |
dual atrioventricular ( av ) nodal physiology , responsible for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia ( avnrt ) , has been reported in up to 12 percent of patients with the wolff - parkinson - white syndrome .
however , supraventricular tachycardia , due to coexisting dual av nodal pathways and an accessory pa... | a 41-year - old male was presented with drug - resistant supraventricular tachycardia .
electrophysiological study confirmed that the supraventricular tachycardia was caused by dual atrioventricular nodal pathways and a left lateral accessory pathway ( ap ) .
the left lateral ap was resistant to traditional endocar... |
we studied 4,482 animals ( 1,966 cattle , 1,237 buffaloes , 813 sheep , and 366 goats ) from production and breeding farms in various governorates in egypt during 2007 ; the animals had no history of having been tested for brucellosis .
we used serologic tests recommended by the national brucella committee , which re... | brucellosis causes appreciable economic losses in livestock .
examination of milk and tissues from animals in egypt for brucella spp . showed increased prevalence rates of serologically reactive animals .
all isolates were b. melitensis biovar 3 .
one brucella sp . was isolated from milk of serologically nonreact... |
the cast metal core is a component frequently used to restore endodontically treated teeth with extensive coronal destruction [ 1 , 2 ] .
post retention in the root canal is fundamental for the longevity and success of treatment .
length , shape , diameter , and post surface , as well as the type of cement used , a... | this study aimed to assess the effect of post - cementation waiting time for core preparation of cemented cast posts and cores had on retention in the root canal , using two different luting materials .
sixty extracted human canines were sectioned 16 mm from the root apex . after cast
nickel - chromium metal posts... |
a 47-year - old woman working in a car manufacturing plant was pinned between a conveyer belt and the car body during assembly .
, she was unconscious . upon arriving at the emergency department , she was still unconscious , with facial cyanosis , severe edema , and petechiae .
radiographs and computed tomography (... | retrobulbar hemorrhage and permanent visual loss are rare presentations following traumatic asphyxia . in this case , bilateral permanent visual disturbance developed in a woman after chest - crushing trauma without direct trauma to the orbits .
a computed tomography scan confirmed bilateral retrobulbar hemorrhages .... |
esteya ( nucletron , an elekta company , elekta ab , stockholm , sweden ) is an electronic brachytherapy device that has been recently introduced for treatment of non - melanoma skin cancer .
clinical use and quality control of this equipment , which have been described in other research papers [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ] ... | purposeesteya ( nucletron , an elekta company , elekta ab , stockholm , sweden ) is an electronic brachytherapy device used for skin cancer lesion treatment . in order to establish an adequate level of quality of treatment ,
a risk analysis of the esteya treatment process has been done , following the methodology pro... |
low birth weight ( lbw ) has been defined by who as weight at birth of less than 2.5 kg . by international agreement
, lbw has been defined as a birth weight of less than 2500 grams , with the measurement being taken preferably within the first hour of life , before significant postnatal weight loss has occurred .
... | background .
this study was done to assess the maternal and sociodemographic factors associated with low birth weight ( lbw ) babies . methods .
an unmatched case control study was done involving 159 cases ( mothers having lbw singleton babies ) and 159 controls ( mothers having normal birth weight singleton babies... |
1982 as a group of facultative anaerobic , asporogenous , and gram - stain positive rods . according to yassin et al .
( 2011 ) , this genus consists of four species , namely , arcanobacterium haemolyticum , arcanobacterium hippocoleae , arcanobacterium phocae , and arcanobacterium pluranimalium .
more recently ,... | the present study was designed to characterize phenotypically and genotypically an arcanobacterium pluranimalium strain ( a. pluranimalium 4868 ) following necropsy from a juvenile giraffe .
the species identity could be confirmed by phenotypical investigations and by maldi - tof ms analysis , by sequencing the 16s r... |
the eye has a special relationship with the immune system , known as immune privilege .
the term was coined in the 1940s by sir peter medawar , who noticed that foreign tissue grafts placed in the anterior chamber ( ac ) of the eye were not rejected . while the concept of immune privilege is simple , research into it... | the eye attempts to limit local immune and inflammatory responses to preserve vision .
this phenomenon , known as ocular immune privilege , is mediated by a combination of local and systemic mechanisms . while immune privilege is believed to protect the eye from day - to - day inflammatory insults , it is not absolut... |
prevention of hospital - acquired infections and ventilator - associated pneumonias is a key concern in the reduction of mortality in both the critical care and general ward patient populations .
a number of recent articles have evaluated differing approaches relating to this topic [ 1 - 4 ] .
climo and colleagues ... | chlorhexidine bed baths seem to reduce the incidence of methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin - resistant enterococcus detected by surveillance cultures .
there is also some evidence on the benefit of chlorhexidine mouthwashes in the prevention of ventilator - associated pneumonias .
acid - s... |
we screened 262 patients who were hospitalized due to acs between january 2011 and december 2014 in our clinic . among the 262 patients screened , we enrolled 244 patients whose personal and hospital data were sufficient .
eighty - one patients were diagnosed with non st - elevation myocardial infarction ( nstemi ) ,... | objectives : dual antiplatelet therapy ( dapt ) , consisting of clopidogrel and aspirin , is the main - stay treatment of acute coronary syndromes ( acs ) .
however , major adverse cardiovascular events may occur even in patients undergoing dapt , and this has been related to the variable pharmacodynamic efficacy of ... |
cardiovascular disease , as a cause of mortality in women , is becoming more prevalent than before and will continue to increase , partly because of increasing life expectancies among koreans.1 ) in women , the cardiovascular system is exposed to multiple cyclic hormonal changes during the childbearing years , acute he... | the widespread use of echocardiography has contributed to the early recognition of several distinct cardiac diseases in women . during pregnancy , safe monitoring of the disease process , as well as
a better understanding of hemodynamics , is possible . during the use of potentially cardiotoxic drugs for breast cance... |
two years ago , i analyzed the journal metrics of the korean journal of urology ( kju ) . at that time
, i manually calculated the 2012 journal citation reports ( jcr ) impact factor ranking from the web of science , which corresponded to the upper 84.9% .
the hirsch index ( h - index ) from the web of science was ... | purposein april 2013 , the journal metrics of the korean journal of urology ( kju ) were reported .
that report showed tremendous improvement from the point of view of journal metrics .
two years later , the same metrics were reanalyzed to determine the present position of the kju among the international journals i... |
supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s13659 - 013 - 0003 - 1 and is accessible for authorized users .
| five new 5,6-seco - tremulane sesquiterpenoids ( 15 ) , as well as three known analogues ( 68 ) , were isolated from the basidiomycete conocybe siliginea .
the structures of new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods .
the known compounds were identified by comparing their spectroscopic data w... |
the pediatric endocrinologist has the difficult task of carefully adjusting medications in actively growing children with cah so as to avoid overtreatment as well as undertreatment .
glucocorticoid excess may result in poor linear growth , weight gain , hypertension , and other unwanted side effects . on the other ... | the treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia ( cah ) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency is complex . in addition to disease control , important therapeutic goals are the maintenance of normal growth and the acquisition of normal reproductive function . here , data regarding final adult height ( fh ) in patients wi... |
over the past 3 decades , advances in cardiology have led to enhanced care of cardiac patients resulting in decreased mortality rates.1 cardiac imaging modalities have improved diagnostic acumen , allowing more specific therapies , resulting in improved outcomes.2 however , this improvement in health care outcomes has ... | backgroundthis study was designed to assess the clinical impact and cost - benefit of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging ( cmr ) . in the face of current health care cost concerns ,
cardiac imaging modalities have come under focused review .
data related to cmr clinical impact and cost - benefit are lacking.... |
the oculomotor nerve dysfunction is a well recognized manifestation of the internal carotid - posterior communicating artery ( ica - pcoma ) junction aneurysm and is considered to be a valuable localizing sign caused by direct pressure on the nerve .
remote intracranial aneurysms from the ocular motor system may also... | a rare case of bilateral third cranial nerve palsy due to a ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm is presented .
a 68-yr - old woman was semicomatose with bilaterally fixed dilated pupil , abducted eyes , and ptosis .
a computed tomography demonstrated extensive hemorrhage spreading around the both sylvia... |
alternative reproductive tactics ( arts ) are widespread in many animal taxa ( e.g. , [ 1 , 2 ] ) .
in particular in externally fertilising fishes there is an enormous potential for arts [ 35 ] .
so far , arts have been described for more than 170 fish species , 19 of which are cichlids . due to the diversity of ar... | alternative reproductive tactics are widespread in fishes , increasing the potential for sperm competition .
sperm competition has enormous impact on both variation in sperm numbers and sperm size . in cichlids
, the sperm competition risk is very divergent and longer sperm are usually interpreted as adaptation to ... |
obesity is the most important public health problem that increases the risk of type 2 diabetes , hypertension , cardiovascular disease , cancer , and premature death ; and the subsequent financial burden on healthcare systems ( 1 ) . in the developed european countries and us , obesity prevalence was remarkably increas... | we investigated trends of obesity prevalence among adult koreans .
data from 110,280,952 participants who underwent medical examination provided by the national health insurance system from 20022013 were analyzed . the prevalence of moderate obesity ( body mass index [ bmi ] 25.029.9 kg / m2 ) was slightly increased ... |
stroke is a transient or permanent alteration in the function of one or several areas of
the brain , and is a consequence of a circulatory disorder .
patients who have suffered a
stroke usually present motor and sensory impairments , cognitive and perceptive deficits , and
emotional disorders1 . about 5575% of ... | [ purpose ] the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an intensive
sensorimotor stimulation program on the motor function of chronic hemiparetic patients .
[ subjects and methods ] the subjects were three chronic stroke patients whose sensory
function was intact , who had mini - mental state examinat... |
skim milk powder ( smp )
and nonfat dry milk ( nfdm ) are important
foods / ingredients in the international food supply . in 2011 ,
the united states pharmacopeial convention ( usp )
initiated a project to characterize compositional and functional variations
of these powders and develop nontargeted methods f... | forty - one
samples of skim milk powder ( smp ) and nonfat dry milk
( nfdm ) from 8 suppliers , 13 production sites , and 3 processing temperatures
were analyzed by nir diffuse reflectance spectrometry over a period
of 3 days .
nir reflectance spectra ( 17002500 nm ) were converted
to pseudoabsorbance and e... |
currently , copd is considered the leading cause of morbidity and the fourth leading
cause of mortality worldwide . ( )
its prevalence has been increasing substantially because of the aging of the
population , and it is estimated that , in 2020 , copd will be the third most common
cause of death in the world . ... | objective : to compare the body mass index , airway obstruction , dyspnea , and exercise
capacity ( bode ) index scores and its individual components between copd
patients with and without severe physical inactivity , as well as to
correlate the number of steps / day with scores of physical activity
questionnai... |
benign and malignant teratomas are among the rare tumors of the central nervous system , and constitute only 0.550.9% of all intracranial tumors .
intracranial teratomas have a predilection for sites along the midline , namely , the pineal region , the suprasellar region , the celebellar vermis , and the 3rd and late... | a case of an intracranial tumor in a 26-year old woman with symptoms of hypopituitarism , and visual disturbance is presented .
the primary site has been verified by the clinical presentations and the hormonal and the neurological studies as originating from the pituitary gland with extension to the suprasellar area ... |
the hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) is an rna virus that belongs to the family of flaviviruses ; it is an important cause of liver disease worldwide and is estimated to affect over 150 million people .
hcv is a leading cause of chronic liver disease , including liver cirrhosis , primary liver cell carcinoma ( plcc ) , and ... | backgroundwith the advent of highly effective anti - hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) drugs , efforts to identify infected cases , high - risk groups , and associated risk factors have become the focus of current control measures.objectivesto determine the prevalence of the hcv antibody among diabetics and patients with lymph... |
between april and july 1999 , we prospectively evaluated the incidence and etiologies of ca stenosis in 400 consecutive patients [ m : f = 319:81 ; age , 17 - 85 ( mean , 57 ) years ] referred to us for chemoembolization of hepatic tumors ( 397 hepatocellular carcinomas and three cases of hepatic metastasis ) . for 139... | objectiveto determine the incidence and etiologies of celiac axis stenosis in asymptomatic individuals.materials and methodsthis prospective study involved 400 consecutive patients ( male : 319 , female : 81 ) referred to us for celiac arteriography between april and july 1999 .
when celiac axis branches were opacifi... |
chromosome condensation is mediated by the condensin complex ( hirano , 2005 ) and is necessary to prevent sister chromatids from being entangled during segregation . in budding yeast
, condensin is a five - subunit complex containing a pair of smc atpases ( smc2 and smc4 ) and several non - smc proteins ( brn1 , ycg... | summarycondensin is a conserved chromosomal complex necessary to promote mitotic chromosome condensation and sister chromatid resolution during anaphase . here ,
we report that yeast condensin binds to replicated centromere regions .
we show that centromeric condensin relocalizes to chromosome arms as cells undergo... |
neonatal jaundice is a common clinical finding in newborns seen in 60% of term and 80% of preterm neonates during the first week of life . jaundice is benign mostly , but if it continues for prolonged periods of time and if the bilirubin level is markedly elevated , it can lead to kernicterus and permanent brain damage... | objectiveneonatal jaundice is a common clinical finding in newborns .
the efficacy and safety of phototherapy for neonatal jaundice have been firmly established , but it has some side effects , thus herbal therapy has recently received special attention .
herein we investigated the efficacy of zizyphus jujuba for t... |
painful bladder syndrome ( pbs ) is defined as chronic ( over 6 months ) pelvic pain , pressure , or discomfort perceived to be related to the urinary bladder , accompanied by at least one other urinary symptom such as a persistent urge to void or frequency in the absence of an identifiable cause ( van de merwe et al .... | painful bladder syndrome ( pbs ) is a common disease presenting with chronic pelvic pain and discomfort with at least one urinary symptom with no identifiable cause .
the etiology is still unknown , and the medication has limited effects on pelvic pain or other urinary symptoms .
this article presents advanced insi... |
approximately 35.3 million people across the world are infected with human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) .
early and accurate knowledge of hiv serostatus of an individual is the cornerstone of hiv prevention and therapeutic intervention .
in addition to allowing timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy of the h... | early and accurate diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) infection is essential for timely identification of patients needing antiretroviral therapy and for instituting hiv prevention strategies .
the primary methodology for hiv testing has shifted from enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( elisa ) to rapid... |
as an experimental fish , the marine medaka , oryzias dancena , is gaining attention as an
experimental animal in aquaculture ( goo et al . , 2015 ) .
this fish
is a euryhaline teleost that can live in both fresh water and seawater ( robert , 1998 ) .
it also has a short interval between generations , with spaw... | abstractsexual dimorphism is the most conspicuous difference between the sexes .
this study examines possible
sexual dimorphism and the relative growth patterns of morphometric characteristics in the marine
medaka , oryzias dancena for their potential to help differentiate between males and
females of this spec... |
whether for sports or daily
activities in life , humans rely on body balance1 .
humans have sensory receptors and mechanical receptors in the skin or joints ,
muscle spindles , and golgi tendons have pressure or proprioceptive receptors1 , 2 .
when the human body encounters environmental changes , the sensory a... | [ purpose ] balance is an integral part of human ability .
the smart balance master system
( sbm ) is a balance test instrument with good reliability and validity , but it is
expensive .
therefore , we modified a wii fit balance board , which is a convenient balance
assessment tool , and analyzed its reliabil... |
artesunate is a semisynthetic derivative of artemisinin , the principal active component of a medicinal plant artemisia annua which has been used as a remedy for fevers and chills for centuries in china .
artemisinin and its derivatives are the most important class of antimalarial drug effective for both uncomplicate... | artemisinin and its derivates are an important class of antimalarial drug and are described to possess immunomodulatory activities .
few studies have addressed the effect of artesunate in the murine malaria model or its effect on host immune response during malaria infection . herein , we study the effect of artesuna... |
atraumatic restorative treatment ( art ) is a dental approach based on the removal of carious tissue with hand instruments followed by placement of an adhesive restoration2,7,24,29 .
it is recommended by the world health organization ( who ) , mainly in communities with poor financial resources and for people who hav... | objectives : production of acids such as lactic acid contributes to establish a cariogenic environment that leads to dental substrate demineralization .
fluoride plays an important role in this case and , as fluoride - releasing materials , glass - ionomer cements are expected to contribute to minimize deleterious re... |
we present an unusual case of sbo secondary to the omental encasement without previous history of abdominal surgery or acute inflammatory process in the abdomen .
a 42-year - old man was admitted to our hospital in emergency department with complain of abdominal distention and obstipation from last 10 days .
a plai... | highlightssmall bowel obstruction ( sbo ) is a common occurrence in adult surgical procedures.about 60% of sbo are currently accounted for adhesion mainly due to previous laparotomy.acute , non - postoperative sbo is less common.preoperatively , it is often difficult to identify the cause of the ileus . |
ultraviolet ( uv ) irradiation is the main etiological factor for nonmelanoma skin cancer .
uv has a wide variety of effects on the skin that contribute to the
induction of skin cancer .
our laboratory has for the last several
years focused on the role of the epidermal growth factor receptor
( egfr ) in u... | the epidermal growth factor receptor ( egfr ) regulates the proliferation of keratinocytes through multiple mechanisms that differ depending on the localization of the cell within the skin .
ultraviolet ( uv ) irradiation , the main etiologic factor in the development of skin cancer , also activates the receptor . in... |
tuberculosis has been known to mankind since the dawn of human civilization but still remains a major health problem in india and the developing countries .
bones and joints are involved in 1 to 3% of all cases of tuberculosis and about 10% of osteoarticular tuberculosis affects the foot and upto 50% of patients do n... | aim and objective : to know the biological behavior of ankle and foot tuberculosis ( aftb ) and to know the reasons for delay in diagnosis and treatment of aftb in our population.materials and methods : patients with non - healing ulcers / sinuses / swellings in the ankle and foot region are the subjects of present stu... |
in the previous issue of critical care , fuller and colleagues report the results of a systematic review on the use of lung protective ( low tidal volume ) mechanical ventilation in patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ards ) at the onset of mechanical ventilation .
introduction of positive pressu... | the lung - protective mechanical ventilation strategy has been standard practice for management of acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ards ) for more than a decade .
observational data , small randomized studies and two recent systematic reviews suggest that lung protective ventilation is both safe and potentially... |
the european nucleotide archive ( ena ) is maintained and developed at the european molecular biology laboratory 's european bioinformatics institute ( embl - ebi ) and serves as europe 's primary repository for nucleotide sequence and associated information .
content spans raw sequence reads from all sequencing plat... | the european nucleotide archive ( ena ; http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena ) , europe 's primary nucleotide sequence resource , captures and presents globally comprehensive nucleic acid sequence and associated information . covering the spectrum from raw data to assembled and functionally annotated genomes ,
the ena has witnes... |
an infant weighing 2.91 kg was born at a gestational age of 38 + 0 weeks .
prenatal echocardiography revealed pulmonary atresia ( pa ) with ventricular septal defect ( vsd ) and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries ( mapcas ) .
echocardiography performed immediately after birth revealed a disconnected left pulm... | a multistage plan and multidisciplinary approach are the keys to successful repair in patients with pulmonary atresia ( pa ) with ventricular septal defect ( vsd ) and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries ( mapcas ) . in this article
, we present a multidisciplinary approach adopted to treat a patient with pa wit... |
1 , traml is intended as a standardized format that can serve as an interchange between several components : published journal articles that include transition lists as part of their methods ; transition databases such as mrmaid , mrmaid - db , srmatlas , passel , and quad that provide recommended transitions based on ... | targeted proteomics via selected reaction monitoring is a powerful mass spectrometric technique affording higher dynamic range , increased specificity and lower limits of detection than other shotgun mass spectrometry methods when applied to proteome analyses .
however , it involves selective measurement of predeterm... |
planning the educational programs and informing people regarding the prevention of widespread diseases like cancers is necessary . with regard to high mortality rate of gastric cancer ,
the present study was conducted to define the effect of education based on health belief model on knowledge , attitude and nutrition... | background : planning the educational programs and informing people regarding the prevention of widespread diseases like cancers is necessary . with regard to high mortality rate of gastric cancer ,
the present study was conducted to define the effect of education based on health belief model on knowledge , attitude ... |
hospitalization for acute heart failure is common and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality . in the united states , acute heart failure leads to over 1 million hospitalizations annually , and the 1year mortality rate after a heart failure hospitalization ranges from 20% to 30% . a subset of patients h... | backgrounda subset of patients hospitalized with acute heart failure experiences worsening clinical status and requires escalation of therapy .
worsening heart failure is an end point in many clinical trials , but little is known about its prevalence in clinical practice and its associated outcomes.methods and result... |
the development of drug resistance is a major concern for successful treatment of human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) infection due to selection of genotypic mutations that may lead to reduced phenotypic drug susceptibility . with common resistance tests minor variants carrying drug resistance mutations in hiv , which... | the success of first - line antiretroviral therapy can be challenged by the acquisition of primary drug resistance . here
we report a case where baseline genotypic resistance testing detected resistance conferring nucleoside / nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor ( nrti)-associated mutations , but no primary mu... |
mesenchymal hamartoma ( mh ) of the liver is a rare benign lesion mostly affecting children particularly in the first 2 yr of life ( 1 ) , but a few cases have been reported in adults ( 2 ) .
it is frequently cystic , and consists mainly of mesenchymal stroma and architecturally abnormal biliary structures with hepat... | mesenchymal hamartoma ( mh ) of the liver is an uncommon benign lesion related to ductal plate malformation .
it is usually cystic and mainly composed of myxoid mesenchymal tissue with tortuous or cystic bile ducts . in order to characterize the clinicopathological features of mh , the korean gastrointestinal patholo... |
tobacco use is widely considered the most preventable cause of illness and death in the united states .
although the consumption of cigarettes and some other forms of tobacco have decreased in the last decade [ 1 , 2 ] , the consumption of smokeless tobacco has recently increased .
in addition , traditional cigaret... | background .
the current study describes concurrent use of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco ( cist ) among males and females and evaluates factors associated with cist use . methods .
cross - sectional data were drawn from the 2010 behavioral risk factor surveillance system ( brfss ) .
weighted stratified analyse... |
the hallmark of inflammatory / infectious conditions is the increased production of
cytokines , proteases and other pro - inflammatory mediators .
the synthesis and expression
of these mediators occur in a transitory and strictly controlled way , seeking resolution
of the problem and re - establishment of the h... | recently , new treatment approaches have been developed to target the host component
of periodontal disease .
this review aims at providing updated information on
host - modulating therapies , focusing on treatment strategies for inhibiting signal
transduction pathways involved in inflammation .
pharmacologic... |
cytokine - induced killer ( cik ) cells consist of a peripheral blood mononuclear cell - derived heterogeneous cell population which has been treated with different cytokines ( cd3mcab , il-2 , ifn- , il-1 ) for a period of time .
these cells possess potent anti - neoplastic activity similar to t lymphocytes , and al... | objectiveto investigate the molecular mechanism underlying t - bet mediated anti - neoplastic effects of cytokine induced killer ( cik ) cells.methodslymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood of leukemic children were induced with - interferon ( ifn- ) , cd3mcab and interluki-2 ( il-2 ) , and co - cultured with dendri... |
donadon and de lima osrio1 have recently published a systematic literature review on the recognition of emotional facial expressions ( efe ) by alcohol - dependent individuals ( adi ) .
their article offers the first synthesis of the literature concerning this crucial yet underexplored topic , and the authors have to... | studies that have carried out experimental evaluation of emotional skills in alcohol - dependence have , up to now , been mainly focused on the exploration of emotional facial expressions ( efe ) decoding . in the present paper , we provide some complements to the recent systematic literature review published by donado... |
elderly patients usually present with comorbidities that frequently include psychiatric disorders , which increase the risk of complications in this population .
delirium is one of the most common disorders that appear to be associated with a number of pathologic conditions in this group of patients.1,2 however , acc... | leptin is a hormone with significant effects on the brain , both at the cellular level and cognitive level .
this study aimed to establish the association between leptin levels and delirium in a colombian elderly population .
115 patients older than 60 years were included .
leptin was measured by enzyme - linked ... |
2,3-butanediol , otherwise known as 2,3-butylene glycol ( 2,3-bd ) , is a valuable chemical feedstock because of its application as a solvent , a liquid fuel , and a precursor of many synthetic polymers and resins . a wide variety of chemicals
can also be easily prepared from 2,3-butanediol . currently , the manufa... | optimal operating parameters of 2,3-butanediol production using klebsiella oxytoca under submerged culture conditions are determined by using taguchi method .
the effect of different factors including medium composition , ph , temperature , mixing intensity , and inoculum size on 2,3-butanediol production was analyze... |
scurvy , a disease of vitamin c deficiency , has been increasingly reported in recent years .
this is a report of two cases of scurvy which were revealed by subperiosteal hematoma in children with cerebral palsy and developmental delay .
case 1a 28-month - old boy was admitted to the department of pediatrics becaus... | background .
ascorbic acid ( vitamin c ) is necessary for the formation of collagen , reducing free radicals , and aiding in iron absorption .
scurvy , a disease of dietary ascorbic acid deficiency , is uncommon today
. it still exists in high risk groups including economically disadvantaged populations with poor... |
several previous studies of exposure to chromium waste in new jersey have shown that cr levels are elevated in household dust in homes adjacent to waste sites and that cr levels in the urine of residents near sites are also elevated compared to control populations .
it has not been possible until now , however , to e... | |
with the introduction of the 7th edition of the tnm staging system , it was suggested that this system should be used not only for staging of non - small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) but also for small cell lung cancer ( sclc ) and bronchopulmonary carcinoids .
thus , it replaces the much simpler staging system previou... | abstractstaging systems aim to describe malignant tumours in a standardized fashion to assist in therapy planning and estimation of prognosis , allow comparison of different therapeutic strategies , facilitate communication between individuals and institutions , improve our knowledge of malignant disease and ultimately... |
it plays important roles in diverse functions such as finding nutrients in prokaryotes , forming multicellular structures in protozoa , tracking bacterial infections in neutrophils , and organizing the embryonic cells in metazoa ( baggiolini , 1998 ; campbell and butcher , 2000 ; crone and lee , 2002 ) . in dictyosteli... | chemotaxis is the ability of cells to move in the direction of an external gradient of signaling molecules .
cells are guided by actin - filled protrusions in the front , whereas myosin filaments retract the rear of the cell .
previous work demonstrated that chemotaxis of unpolarized amoeboid dictyostelium discoide... |
distinction between mesothelial proliferations ( hyperplasia or mesothelioma ) and metastatic carcinomas , especially adenocarcinomas has been one of the most difficult problems in cytology as well as in surgical pathology .
various histochemical and immunohistochemical stains have been applied to solve this problem ... | diagnostic utility of e - cadherin ( e - cd ) and cytokeratin ( ck ) subtype profiling in effusion cytology was investigated , employing immunocytochemistry on cellblock sections available from 211 metastatic carcinomas ( mc ) , 6 mesotheliomas and 73 reactive mesothelial hyperplasias ( mh ) .
e - cd and monoclonal c... |
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