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a 19-year old female presented to our dermatological clinic with hyperpigmented , indurated and atrophic patches on a zosteri - form distribution extending from her left sub - mammary region ( figure 1 ) through to her back ( figure 2 ) .
the patient denied any personal or family past medical history of interest , ex... | we report the case of a 19-year old female who presented to our dermatological clinic with hyperpigmented , indurated and atrophic patches on a zosteriform distribution , extending from her left submammary region through to her back .
our case was consistent with a zosteriform morphea as an expression of an isotopic ... |
traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) is a significant cause of emergency room visits , hospital stays , and morbidity and mortality in the usa.1 the leading causes of tbi are falls , motor vehicle accidents , struck by / against events including collision and contact sports , and assaults , with three peak mean ages of 04 ye... | traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) causes a variety of neuropsychiatric problems that pose diagnostic and treatment challenges for providers . in this report , we share our experience as a referral neuropsychiatry program to assist the general psychiatrist when adult tbi patients with psychiatric symptoms present for evalu... |
the chronic inflammatory airway disease , asthma , and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in children and adults .
asthma affects over 300 million people worldwide , and the prevalence is increasing among all demographics .
these diseases are hallmarked ... | chloride transport proteins play critical roles in inflammatory airway diseases , contributing to the detrimental aspects of mucus overproduction , mucus secretion , and airway constriction .
however , they also play crucial roles in contributing to the innate immune properties of mucus and mucociliary clearance . in... |
the landmark study gog 33 described the patterns of spread in endometrial carcinoma and concluded that clinical staging is inaccurate as 22% of clinical stage i patients were assigned a higher surgical stage . as such , the international federation of gynecology and obstetrics ( figo ) changed the endometrial cancer st... | objectives . to characterize clinical outcomes in patients with intermediate or high - risk endometrial carcinoma who underwent surgical staging with or without para - aortic lymphadenectomy .
methods .
this is a retrospective cohort study of patients with intermediate or high - risk endometrial adenocarcinoma who ... |
inflammation can be understood as the defense reaction of host against injury , which varies depending on the particular agent , tissue , and individual host characteristics [ 14 ] .
accordingly , infectious disease has been regarded as an inflammatory response caused by a microorganism that acts as an injury agent .... | this paper opens with a discussion on the significance of invasive fungal infections in advanced contemporary medicine , with an emphasis on the intractability of disease management and the difficulties of diagnosis .
this is followed by a discussion concerning classification , histopathological features , and pathop... |
strain bs062 showing antagonistic effects against b. cinerea was isolated from a soil sample collected at mt .
strain bs062 was identified as belonging to genus streptomyces on the basis of its structural and morphological characteristics ( data not shown ) , and thus strain bs062 was designated as streptomyces sp . ... | the use of microorganisms and their secreted molecules to prevent plant diseases is considered an attractive alternative and way to supplement synthetic fungicides for the management of plant diseases .
strain bs062 was selected based on its ability to inhibit the mycelial growth of botrytis cinerea , a major causal ... |
we employed a synthetic small - area estimation approach that combined indirect standardization of nhanes data with regression - based estimates of state - level hcv - related mortality .
the data sources and approach are described below and in table 1 and figure 1 .
data sources and purposes for primary and sensit... | summaryhepatitis c ( hcv ) infection prevalence estimates have been unavailable for all us states .
we demonstrate a new approach that synthesizes national seroprevalence and state - level mortality data , yielding first estimates of hcv prevalence for all states , and interpret geographic patterns . |
each year there are an estimated 15,780 children ( age less than 19 years ) who are diagnosed with cancer in the united states and approximately 250,000 children worldwide .
while use of chemotherapy and radiation approaches has resulted in improved cure rates , cancer remains the most common cause of disease - rel... | progress in the use of traditional chemotherapy and radiation - based strategies for the treatment of pediatric malignancies has plateaued in the past decade , particularly for patients with relapsing or therapy refractory disease . as a result
, cellular and humoral immunotherapy approaches have been investigated fo... |
usually , the pmi is estimated by assessing the postmortem morphological changes that include algor mortis , rigor mortis , livor mortis , postmortem clotting , putrefaction , and adipocere formation . although there are various methods adopted to estimate the pmi , newer methods are being investigated as an additional... | introduction : conventional methods to estimate the time of death are adequate , but a histological method is yet unavailable to assess postmortem interval ( pmi ) .
the autolytic changes that occur in an unfixed antemortem gingival tissue which reflects histologically at an early stage are similar to changes that oc... |
in the present day of globalization and liberalization , legal profession which serves as center of the sociopolitical domain of the indian society , is growing very fast .
india is the biggest democracy of the world where judiciaries enjoy one of the most powerful and independent status . in the present scenario ,
... | background : in present scenario , the legal profession has gained utmost importance , which makes the job of a lawyer the most challenging , with lots of mental and physical strain . the rewards can be great , but so are the pressures .
high job demands lead to imbalance between what is expected and what is received... |
a 12 year old boy , who was status post repair ( shortly after birth ) of tetralogy of fallot with pulmonary atresia and subsequent replacements of right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit 4 years prior to current evaluation , was seen in an outside pediatric cardiology clinic for his annual follow - up appointment ... | gram negative endocarditis is relatively rare in pediatrics but when they occur they are most frequently caused by one of the hacek ( haemophilus species , actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans , c. hominis , eikenella corrodens and kingella kingae ) group of microorganisms . within the hacek group of microorganisms
t... |
metallic
nanostructures composed of more than one component have
attracted attention because of their vast potential for multifunctionality . in the best cases ,
such architectures provide function beyond the
sum of their parts , enabling useful or unique combinations such as
plasmon - enhanced catalysis , ma... | catalytic
and optical properties can be coupled by combining different
metals into nanoscale architectures in which both the shape and the
composition provide fine - tuning of functionality .
here , discrete ,
small pt nanoparticles ( diameter = 36 nm ) were grown in linear
arrays on au nanoprisms , and the... |
a 74-year - old woman presented to the pain clinic with a history of chronic left sided sciatic pain that also restricted her mobility .
she had been treated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs , pregabalin , tramadol , and acetaminophen without much relief . in addition
this slim pleasant lady had limited lef... | headache is a potential complication of epidural injection .
we report a patient who developed headache 5 days after a lumbar epidural steroid injection , which was not related to the epidural procedure , but caused by duloxetine induced hyponatremia .
antidepressant drug induced headache should be considered in th... |
we conducted the present meta - analysis in accordance with the guidelines of the meta - analysis of observation studies in epidemiology group ( 19 ) .
a systematic literature search was performed to identify all studies published before 10 february 2012 that investigated the association between inflammatory markers ... | objectivethere has been growing evidence that inflammatory markers play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes .
we aimed to systematically review prospective studies on the associations of elevated levels of interleukin-6 ( il-6 ) and c - reactive protein ( crp ) with increased risk of type 2 diabetes by condu... |
parathyroid carcinoma is a rare disorder , accounting for 0.1% to 5.0% of all cases of primary hyperparathyroidism [ 15 ] .
the disease presents at a mean age of 50 years and is equally likely to occur in males as in females [ 26 ] ( table 1 ) .
clinical and biochemical manifestations are those of severe primary ... | a 29-year - old man presented to his primary care physician with nausea , severe weight loss and muscle weakness .
he had a hard , fixed neck swelling .
he was severely hypercalcaemic with 10-fold increased parathyroid hormone ( pth ) concentrations .
a diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism was established and... |
total laparoscopic hysterectomy has been shown to be a safe method of hysterectomy with minimal complications , yet only 12% of hysterectomies are performed by this route , with 22% by vaginal approach and 66% still being performed by laparotomy .
surgeons have been encouraged to employ vaginal and laparoscopic route... | objective .
the purpose of this study was to evaluate perceptions of skills and practice patterns of gynecologists attending a course on total laparoscopic hysterectomy ( tlh ) .
this course employed extensive use of pelvic trainer boxes to accomplish the holiotomy challenge .
the holiotomy challenge entailed s... |
the places in therapy for the three new drug principles recently approved for treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms / overactive bladder ( luts / oab ) , the 3-adrenoceptor ( ar ) agonist , mirabegron , the phosphodiesterase 5-inhibitor tadalafil , and the blocker of afferent and efferent neutotransmission , botuli... | after the approval and introduction of mirabegron , tadalafil , and botulinum toxin a for treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms / overactive bladder , focus of interest has been on their place in therapy versus the previous gold standard , antimuscarinics .
however , since these agents also have limitations there... |
patients diagnosed with invasive bladder cancer ( bc ) in denmark are treated according to the national guidelines at one of the five uro - oncological centers .
the aim of the danish bladder cancer database ( dablaca - data ) is to monitor treatment and general survival of patients diagnosed with bc in denmark .
t... | aim of databasethe aim of the danish bladder cancer database ( dablaca - data ) is to monitor the treatment of all patients diagnosed with invasive bladder cancer ( bc ) in denmark.study populationall patients diagnosed with bc in denmark from 2012 onward were included in the study .
results presented in this paper a... |
detailed protocols , all sequences and their optimization , and full characterization of all synthesized reagents are provided in the supplementary material . briefly : oligonucleotides were coupled to antibodies , unless stated otherwise , in a two - step procedure : ( i ) dtt was used under conditions that reduce int... | molecular automata are mixtures of molecules that undergo precisely defined structural changes in response to sequential interactions with inputs14 .
previously studied nucleic acid - based - automata include game - playing molecular devices ( maya automata3,5 ) and finite - state automata for analysis of nucleic aci... |
success is measured by the extent to which the community of scientists can successfully tackle hard problems . as the diversity of the group of problem solvers increases ,
so too does the group s ability to find innovative solutions to difficult and complex problems ( page , 2007 ; jackson and joshi , 2011 ; kets and... | in spite of modest gains in the past 50 years , the united states has not been able to substantially improve on the pervasive underrepresentation of minorities in postsecondary stem pathways .
we suggest a way to guide a national effort to double the persistence of underrepresented minorities in stem in the next deca... |
replication forks pause at specific sites under unperturbed conditions ( deshpande and newlon , 1996 ) .
fork stalling occurs in response to intra - s dna damage or dna synthesis inhibition .
hydroxyurea ( hu ) causes deoxi - nucleotides triphosphate ( dntps ) deprivation ( krakoff et al . , 1968 ) , fork stallin... | summaryreplication stress activates the mec1atr and rad53 kinases .
rad53 phosphorylates nuclear pores to counteract gene gating , thus preventing aberrant transitions at forks approaching transcribed genes . here ,
we show that rrm3 and pif1 , dna helicases assisting fork progression across pausing sites , are det... |
endodontic therapy requires a thorough knowledge of root canal morphology to adequately shape and clean the canal system . proper care and attention
should be directed in identifying and negotiating extra roots and canals . in a radiographic study of extracted teeth
goel et al reported mandibular first molars had 3... | the use of spiral computed tomography serves as a boon in endodontic diagnosis of complex anatomic variations .
the present case demonstrates the spiral tomographic evaluation and endodontic management of a mandibular first molar with 5 canals ( 2 mesial and 3 distal canals ) , which is a very rare anatomic variant .... |
the word metabolism comes from greek metabol which means change or transformation , and in fact the levels of most cellular metabolites change with half times of minutes , seconds , or even faster . during the past years the complexity and dynamics nature of the metabolites have become increasingly apparent [ 16 ] .
... | metabolic footprinting offers a relatively easy approach to exploit the potentials of metabolomics for phenotypic characterization of microbial cells . to capture the highly dynamic nature of metabolites ,
we propose the use of dynamic metabolic footprinting instead of the traditional method which relies on analysis ... |
inactive genes in mammals often have particular features which differentiate them from their active neighbours .
high levels of dna methylation have been found to be associated with a large number of inactive endogenous genes in normal tissues and also with many genes which are aberrantly silenced in tumour cells .
... | backgroundthe active copy of the imprinted gene h19 is turned off by inappropriate methylation in several pediatric tumors including wilms ' tumour and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma .
h19 controls in cis the linked insulin - like growth factor 2 ( igf2 ) gene , encoding an important growth factor .
recent work has sug... |
peritoneal dialysis ( pd ) catheter rupture is rare , but can occur traumatically or spontaneously . when the rupture occurs close or proximal to the exit site
however , this requires an interruption in pd and subsequent hemodialysis ( hd ) catheter insertion for temporary transfer to hd .
therefore , partial repla... | peritoneal dialysis catheter ruptures have been managed by immediate removal and subsequent reinsertion of the catheter which inevitably entails interruption in peritoneal dialysis and a need for vascular access . a 36-year - old man on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
complaining of dialysate leakage was fo... |
the most common treatment for hydrocephalus is insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal ( vp ) shunt .
a vp shunt is associated with several well - recognized complications , including infection , hemorrhage , neural trauma , shunt malfunction , and blockage .
one of the complications that causes a shunt system malfunct... | we present an unusual case of peritoneal catheter migration following a ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation .
a 7-month - old infant , who had suffered from intraventricular hemorrhage at birth , was shunted for progressive hydrocephalus .
the peritoneal catheter , connected to an ' ultra small , low pressure valv... |
a 43-year - old woman described a three - year history of progressive left upper lid swelling and ptosis .
her primary ophthalmologist treated her for a presumed chalazion with warm compresses and various ointments .
she denied loss of visual acuity , but noted progressive diplopia with eccentric gaze over the last... | sixteen years after scleral buckle surgery with a hydrogel episcleral exoplant , a 43-year - old woman presented with progressive binocular diplopia , ptosis , and an expanding mass in her upper eyelid .
she underwent surgical removal of the hydrogel exoplant through an anterior approach .
the exoplant proved to be... |
crohn 's disease is a chronic intestinal disorder of unknown etiology characterized by weight loss , abdominal pain , diarrhea , arthritis and the development of fistulae and abscesses .
it causes significant morbidity and affects approximately 1 in 1000 individuals in the developed world .
crohn 's disease is beli... | backgroundpolymorphisms in several genes ( nod2 , mdr1 , slc22a4 ) have been associated with susceptibility to crohn 's disease .
identification of the remaining crohn 's susceptibility genes is essential for the development of disease - specific targets for immunotherapy . using gene expression analysis
, we ident... |
having a family history of breast cancer has been established as one of the most important risk factors for the development of breast cancer [ 13 ] .
a reduction in breast cancer mortality attributable to mammography among women aged 50 to 74 has been demonstrated [ 46 ] . in canada ,
average - risk women aged 50 t... | evidence of the accuracy of self - reported mammography use among women with familial breast cancer risk is limited .
this study examined the accuracy of self - reported screening mammography dates in a cohort of 1,114 female relatives of breast cancer cases , aged 26 to 73 from the ontario site of the breast cancer ... |
full - thickness wounds often need complex procedures for defect closures , in particular when bone , cartilage or tendons are exposed . in recent years
, the spectrum of flaps and grafts has been expanded by dermal templates and tissue engineering .
matriderm ( dr . suwelack skin and healthcare ltd . , billerbeck ... | background : a full - thickness soft tissue defect closure often needs complex procedures .
the use of dermal templates can be helpful in improving the outcome.objective:the objective was to evaluate a sandwich technique combining the dermal collagen
elastin matrix with skin grafts in a one - stage procedure.materi... |
frontotemporal lobar degeneration ( ftld ) is a common cause of early onset dementia ( rabinovici and miller , 2010 ) .
its prevalence and incidence is similar to alzheimer 's disease in individuals under the age of 65 years .
behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia ( bvftd ) , its most common subtype , is char... | purposefrontotemporal lobar degeneration ( ftld ) is a common cause of early onset dementia .
behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia ( bvftd ) , its most common subtype , is characterized by deep alterations in behavior and personality . in 2011 , new diagnostic criteria were suggested that incorporate imaging cr... |
hypertrophic olivary degeneration ( hod ) is a rare phenomenon in the dento - rubro - olivary pathway that was first described by oppenheim in 1887 ( 1 , 2 ) .
hod is a unique form of transneuronal degeneration in which the inferior olivary nucleus undergoes hypertrophy followed by atrophy , as a consequence of lesio... | hypertrophic olivary degeneration resulting from lesions of the dento - rubro - olivary pathway , also called guillain - mollaret - triangle , has been described previously in a number of cases .
reports about bilateral hypertrophic olivary degeneration of the inferior olivary nuclei are very limited , and the magnet... |
impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance both contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) .
different oral antidiabetic drugs are used to treat t2 dm depending on the pathogenesis in individual patients .
for example , -glucosidase inhibitors are used to treat postprandial hypergly... | combination therapy with a dipeptidyl peptidase ( dpp)-4 inhibitor and metformin or sulfonylurea results in substantial and additive glucose - lowering effects in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) .
however , it is not known whether triple combination therapy with a dpp-4 inhibitor , metformin , and su... |
women who have a history of tubal ligation and desire a return to fertility have the options of tubal anastomosis ( ta ) or in vitro fertilization ( ivf ) .
ta has been found to be cost - effective for all women of reproductive age including those over 40 years of age . for appropriate candidates who have proceeded ... | abstract
the da vinci robotic surgical system has been used more often in recent years for tubal anastomosis ( ta ) and has been reported to have an increased operative time .
a one - stitch technique has been used for the reanastomosis step in laparoscopic ta . to date , publications on robotically - assisted ta ... |
melanomas are tumors arising from melanocytes , which are derived from neuroectoderm located in the basal layers of skin , skin annexes , and more rarely in the mucosal membrane .
common sites for melanomas are head , neck and the lower extremities , less common sites being the oral mucosa , nail beds , conjunctiva ,... | sinonasal malignant melanoma is of unusual occurrence .
common sites for melanomas are head , neck region , and the lower extremities as they are exposed to sunlight , which is one of the predisposing factors .
we report a case of primary mucosal malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity in a 68-year - old male for it... |
inguinal herniorrhaphy remains one of the most common general surgical operations , with approximately 15% performed for recurrence and there is little available evidence on the optimal management of recurrent inguinal hernia .
the repair of the resulting recurrent hernia is a daunting task because of already weak... | introduction : the repair of the recurrent hernia is a daunting task because of already weakened tissues and distorted anatomy .
open posterior preperitoneal approach gives results far superior to those of the anterior approach .
laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal ( tapp ) inguinal hernia repair is an evolvi... |
the participants with type 2 diabetes were recruited from patients who regularly visited the outpatient clinic of the department of medicine , shiga university of medical science , between 1997 and 1999 .
type 2 diabetes in these patients had been diagnosed in accordance with the criteria of the world health organiza... | objectivecross - sectional studies have reported increased levels of urinary type iv collagen in diabetic patients with progression of diabetic nephropathy .
the aim of this study was to determine the role of urinary type iv collagen in predicting development and progression of early diabetic nephropathy and deterior... |
adolescents constitute only a small percentage of treatment seekers in drug dependence treatment settings ( 15 years : 0.4% and 16 - 20 years : 4.6% ) .
community surveys suggest that tobacco , alcohol and cannabis are prevalent substances of abuse among indian adolescents , but opioid use is quite uncommon in this a... | adolescents constitute only a small percentage of treatment seekers in drug dependence treatment settings .
little research evidence is available for pharmacological treatment of adolescent opioid dependence and no prior case report is available from india .
we discuss two adolescent patients with opioid ( heroin )... |
mycosis fungoides ( mf ) is a non - hodgkin 's lymphoma of t - cell origin , primarily involving the skin .
it is a relatively rare disease with an annual incidence of 0.36 per 100,000 . in advanced cases
, it may affect extracutaneous regions such as lymph - nodes , viscera , peripheral blood and skeletal sites . ... | a 58-year - old woman , diagnosed as a case of mycosis fungoides ( mf ) , underwent [ 18f]-fluoro - d - glucose positron emission tomography / computed tomography ( fdg pet / ct ) examination .
the study revealed intense fdg uptake in a large ulceroproliferative right thigh lesion , indurated plaques in the chest wal... |
sensitivity to house dust was confirmed in the 1920s by studies showing positive skin prick tests to house dust in many asthmatic individuals .
such studies sparked scientific interest into what specific component of house dust was responsible for the sensitisation but it was not until the 1960s that voorhorst and co... | bedding dust is a mixture of many components , of which the house dust mite ( hdm ) allergen , der p 1 , is the most allergenic .
there has been little work to investigate the effect of other bedding dust components on hdm sensitisation .
the objective of the study was to determine the effect of endotoxin in beddin... |
flat foot is a condition in which the medial longitudinal arch of a foot is chronically and
abnormally collapsed1 .
flat foot is caused
by the pathologic malalignment of the lower extremity ( le ) joints2 , abnormal muscle activity3 , cartilage damage , and/or knee pain4 .
it should be appropriately managed bec... | [ purpose ] this study aimed to examine the immediate effects of kinematic taping on the
tone and stiffness in the leg muscles of subjects with flexible flat feet .
[ subjects and
methods ] a total of 30 subjects , 15 in the kinematic taping and 15 in the sham taping
group , were administered respective taping ... |
posterior pedicle screw fixation of the thoracic and lumbar spine provides rigid stabilization , however , inserting thoracic pedicle screws is technically demanding , with high rates of inaccurate placement , which can lead to pedicle fractures and construct failure . in a study on the multidirectional flexibility of ... | background : the objective of this cadaveric study was to analyze the effects of iatrogenic pedicle perforations from screw misplacement on the mean pullout strength of lower thoracic and lumbar pedicle screws .
we also investigated the effect of bone mineral density ( bmd ) , diameter of pedicle screws , and the reg... |
the description of atomic structure by niels bohr set the basis for the emergence of quantum physics . according to his theory , atoms existed in a state of inertia , in which they did not radiate any energy .
however , in - between excitement and rest , they would be able to radiate energy ( or quanta).1 based on th... | the description of atomic structure by niels bohr set the basis for the emergence of quantum physics .
based on these fundamentals , einstein published in 1917 a paper on the amplification of energy by stimulated emission of radiation as part of his quantum theories . in 1955 ,
townes and gordon turned einstein s t... |
schimke immuno - osseous dysplasia ( siod ) is a fatal syndrome inherited as an autosomal recessive trait , and manifests with facial dysmorphism , growth failure , nephropathy , recurrent infections , hypothyroidism , episodic lymphopenia , and neurologic symptoms .
biallelic loss of function mutations of swi / snf2... | schimke immuno - osseous dysplasia is a rare autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized by steroid - resistant nephrotic syndrome , immunodeficiency , and spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia .
mutations in swi / snf2 related , matrix associated , actin dependent regulator of chromatin , subfamily a - like 1 ( sm... |
allergic diseases are among the most common disorders in children , and ocular allergy represents one of the most common ocular conditions encountered in clinical practice .
the prevalence of allergic diseases in children aged 6 to 14 years varies significantly from 0.3% to 20.5% , and is gradually increasing.1 this ... | purpose : to assess the comorbidity of dry eye syndrome ( des ) and changes in corneal curvature in children with allergies.materials and methods : this prospective , comparative , and observational interventional study included 49 patients , who presented to the ophthalmology clinic of a state hospital in turkey .
t... |
atrial fibrillation ( af ) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in western countries , with an estimated 30 million patients affected by 2050 across united states and europe alone .
atrial fibrillation has a significant impact on morbidity mainly related to symptoms , heart failure , and thromboembolic events and ... | atrial fibrillation
( af ) can be cured by pulmonary vein antrum
isolation ( pvai ) in a substantial proportion of
patients .
the high efficacy of pvai is partially
undermined by a small but concrete
periprocedural ris... |
growth is a volumetric and longitudinal development and is essential to take into account when treating children with a wide variety of disorders . in particular , during the treatment of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis ( ais ) , it is important to understand the growth and future growth of the patient . ... | predicting the peak growth velocity in an individual patient with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is essential or determining the prognosis of the disorder and timing of the ( surgical ) treatment . until the present time , no accurate method has been found to predict the timing and magnitude of the pubertal growth spu... |
with the introduction of newer drugs to treat various skeletal disorders , the adverse effects of these drugs are also challenging to deal with .
they are synthetic analogous of pyrophosphate , a natural regulator of bone metabolism found in bone matrix .
they inhibit the differentiation of osteoclastic precursors ... | bisphosphonates ( bps ) are a class of agents used to treat osteoporosis and malignant bone metastasis . despite these benefits , osteonecrosis of the jaws has recently emerged as a significant complication in a subset of patients receiving these drugs.this case presentation focuses on a 62-year - old man with a 3-year... |
cleft lip and palate is a congenital anomaly produced by embryological defects during formation of the face .
a child is born with a cleft somewhere in the world every 2 min according to a world health organization study published in 2001 . in india ,
the number of infants born every year with the cleft lip and pal... | unilateral cleft lip and palate ( uclp ) patients have an esthetic and functional compromise of the middle third of the face and nasal structures . to improve the esthetic result of lip repair
, the concept of presurgical nasoalveolar molding ( pnam ) was brought into conception .
pnam is an easy and passive method... |
all procedures were conducted with the approval of the animal research committee at our institution .
each dog was sedated with an intramuscular injection of 4 mg / kg xylazine hydrochloride ( rompun , bayer korea , seoul , korea ) and 10 mg / kg ketamine hydrochloride ( ketara , yuhan yanghang , seoul , korea ) for ... | objectiveto evaluate the dynamic changes of the power doppler ( pd ) in acute renal vein occlusion and recanalization in a canine model.materials and methodswe performed a pd of the kidney during graded renal vein occlusion and recanalization induced by balloon inflation and deflation in nine dogs .
the pd images wer... |
barrett esophagus ( be ) is defined as a change in the distal esophageal epithelium of any length characterized by columnar type mucosa during endoscopy and is confirmed to have intestinal metaplasia by biopsy.1,2 be is considered a complication of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease ( gerd)3 and has the potential ... | barrett esophagus ( be ) is considered to develop as a result of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease ( gerd ) and to predispose to esophageal adenocarcinoma ( eac ) .
however , the disease pattern of be in asia differs from that observed in the west .
for example , in the west , the prevalence rates of be and e... |
acute ischemic stroke by occlusion of internal carotid artery ( ica ) is known to have relatively high rate of ischemic progression and recurrence .
however , ica occlusion can have variable clinical courses from no symptom to severe neurologic deficit according to the degree of collateral flow .
thus , the asses... | background and purposequantitative magnetic resonance angiography ( q - mra ) enables direct measurement of volume flow rate ( vfr ) of intracranial arteries . we aimed to evaluate the collateral flows in internal carotid artery ( ica ) occlusion with primary collateral pathway via circle of willis using q - mra , and ... |
in 2003 , a dutch committee developed evidence - based guidelines for the treatment of inguinal hernia ( ih ) in children and adults .
the guidelines for adults are mainly based on systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials ( rcts ) with consistent results from individual ( homogenous ) studies , thus , creat... | purposein 2003 , a dedicated dutch committee developed evidence - based guidelines for the treatment of inguinal hernia ( ih ) in children and adults .
the aim of this study was to describe trends in hernia care before and after the publication of the guidelines on ih surgery in the netherlands.methodsoriginally , a ... |
the motion of self - propelled
tubular micro- and nanojets
has so far been achieved by bubble propulsion , e.g. , o2 bubbles formed by catalytic decomposition of h2o2 , which renders future biomedical applications inviable .
an alternative self - propulsion mechanism for tubular engines on the
nanometer scale i... | |
using scanning electron microscopic and light microscopic techniques , adriaens et al1 demonstrated bacteria invading the radicular cementum and the dentinal tubules of the radicular dentin of periodontally diseased , caries - free human teeth .
it has been reported that periodontal diseases , periodontal treatment ,... | objectivesdesensitizers contribute to better clinical results by reducing the rate of cervical dentin sensitivity .
however , information on their antibacterial effect is limited .
this study examined the antibacterial activities of a triclosan containing ( seal & protect ) , a benzalconium containing desensitizer ... |
parkinson 's disease ( pd ) is a fatal and incurable neurodegenerative disorder characterized by resting tremors , postural instability , and bradykinesia .
the death of midbrain substantia nigra neurons characterizes the pathology of both familial and sporadic forms of pd .
two types of molecules accumulate within... | in parkinson 's disease ( pd ) , midbrain dopaminergic neuronal death is linked to the accumulation of aggregated -synuclein .
the familial pd mutant form of -synuclein , e46k , has not been thoroughly evaluated yet in an organismal model system . here , we report that e46k resembled wild - type ( wt ) -synuclein in ... |
oral cancer accounts for 12.5% of overall cancers in india contributing significantly to the challenges faced by oncosurgeons and plastic surgeons . based on the complexity
, the reconstruction of buccal mucosa defect has been done with direct closure , skin grafting or various flaps , such as the pectoralis major my... | background : the skin and soft tissues of the face and neck have a rich plexus of dermal - subdermal vessels , which creates the possibility of raising a fasciocutaneous flap based on this vascular supply . a turned in fasciocutaneous island flap ( tifcif ) from an adjacent area of the defect can provide a simple subst... |
esthetics has become a demand even during orthodontic treatment , particularly in adult
patients , who do not like accessories that call people 's attention . in a recent study
with 27-year - old individuals in sweden
, 67% of the interviewees would wear metal
brackets if needed , which means that one third of ... | objectivesthe aim of this study was to assess the optical properties of orthodontic elastic
ligatures under the influence of exogenous pigments contained in the daily diet .
material and methodsfor the analysis , colorless ( clear ) elastic segments ( ortho organizers , lot
660625a10 ) were used as received from ... |
motions like reaching are influenced by lesions affecting the sensorimotor system , and an
understanding of the influence of such lesions on movement control and physical motion
compensation is therefore essential for rapid rehabilitation1 . altered upper - limb function in patients with brain damage can make
it ... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to compare the reaching velocity of the upper
trunk and the center of force ( cof ) during a reaching task with the dominant and
nondominant hands .
[ subjects ] ten males between the ages of 20 and 30 years participated
in this study . [ methods ] this study measured ... |
anogenital involvement is most common in lsa in both the sexes.blister formation in the lesion of lsa occurs due to basal cell degeneration resulting in dermal - epidermal separation and marked edema in upper dermis .
blister formation in the lesion of lsa occurs due to basal cell degeneration resulting in dermal - e... | lichen sclerosus et atrophicus ( lsa ) is a rare , chronic , mucocutaneous disease of unknown cause .
onset can occur in subjects of any age but more prevalent in adult females around the time of menopause . in both the sexes
anogenital involvement is more common .
extragenital cases are rare , and common localiz... |
the bidirectional movement of intraflagellar transport ( ift ) particles , which are composed of motors , ift - a and ift - b subcomplexes , and cargos , is required for cilia biogenesis and signaling 1 , 2 .
a successful ift cycle depends on the massive ift particle to be properly assembled at the ciliary base and t... | |
in both the uk and the us , medical education , including assessment , has been transformed over the last 30 years , driven by changes to the medical environment in which graduates will work .
there has been a shift away from the traditional apprenticeship model of learning in medicine : the student is no longer cons... | assessment is a powerful driver of student learning : it gives a message to learners about what they should be learning , what the learning organisation believes to be important , and how they should go about learning .
assessment tools allow measurement of student achievement and thereby give teachers insight into t... |
transcranial magnetic stimulation ( tms ) is a noninvasive method of stimulating cortical neurons ; that is , electrical currents in axons of interneurons stimulated by tms activate cortical neuron cell bodies via synaptic transmission .
single tms or repetitive tms ( rtms ) can transiently inhibit or facilitate cort... | three trials of transcranial magnetic stimulation ( tms ) during the maximum voluntary muscle contraction ( mvc ) were repeated at 15-minute intervals for 1 hour to examine the effects on motor evoked potentials ( meps ) in the digital muscles and pinching muscle force before and after 4 high - intensity tmss ( test 1 ... |
approximately 10,000 people die in england and wales each year after trauma and in addition to this , there are millions of additional non - fatal injuries . trauma is the leading cause of death in children and young adults in the uk , which as major socio - economic consequences and is only second to cardiovascular di... | introduction : the management of trauma patients differs depending upon the healthcare system available.aim:to compare the pre - hospital management and outcome of polytrauma patients between two countries with differing approaches to pre - hospital management.materials and methods : the scottish trauma and audit group... |
there is accumulating evidence that cancer
of the ascending and
transverse ( right side ) colon is different from cancer of the descending
and sigmoid ( left side ) colon .
these two segments of the colon have
differences in anatomy , embryology , physiology , epidemiology , and
gene expression .
right- a... | colon
cancer is a major cause of cancer - related deaths worldwide .
adjuvant chemotherapy significantly reduces mortality in stage iii
colon cancer ; however , it is only marginally effective in stage ii
patients .
there is also increasing evidence that right - side colon
cancer is different from left - si... |
the most common causes of lower limb ulcers include ischaemic ulcers , diabetic / neuropathic ulcers , and venous ulcers .
martorell ulcer is a rare ischaemic ulcer that is specifically associated with longstanding , poorly controlled hypertension .
typically , the patient presents with extreme pain out of proporti... | martorell ulcer is a form of lower limb ulceration , preceded by a small area of excruciating pain .
it often appears as a solitary lesion on the outer aspect of the lower limb , and is primarily associated with poorly controlled hypertension and diabetes .
treatment of the ulcer involves awareness and early correc... |
this report depicts the feasibility of the concomitant repair of a large direct inguinal hernia with mesh by using the intraperitoneal onlay approach after extra - peritoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy .
a 66-year - old man with localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate was referred for laparoscopic radical pr... | objective : this report depicts the feasibility of the concomitant repair of a large direct inguinal hernia with mesh by using the intraperitoneal onlay approach after extra - peritoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.methods:a 66-year - old man with localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate was referred for laparos... |
helicobacter pylori ( h. pylori ) infection is one of the most common bacterial infections in human and has been associated with several gasterointestinal diseases including gastric ulcer , duodenal ulcer , gasteric cancer and gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue ( malt ) lymphoma ( 1 , 2 ) . the prevalence of h. ... | objective(s):helicobacter pylori infection occurs worldwide , but the prevalence of this infection varies greatly among different countries and population groups .
the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti - helicobacter pylori and anti - cytotoxin - associated gene a ( caga ) antibodies in as... |
madin darby canine kidney ( mdck ) cells , stably transfected with the cdna encoding pigr derived from rabbit ( obtained from keith mostov , university of california , san francisco ) , were maintained in mem containing 10% fetal bovine serum ( hyclone , logan , ut ) , 100 m nonessential amino acids , 2 mm glut... | immunoglobulin ( ig)a provides the initial immune barrier to viruses at mucosal surfaces .
specific iga interrupts viral replication in polarized epithelium during receptor - mediated transport , probably by binding to newly synthesized viral proteins . here
, we demonstrate by immunoelectron microscopy that specif... |
liposomes are nearly spherical , microparticulate , multilamellar or unilamellar bilayer vesicles made from lipids alternating with aqueous sections .
they also bear resemblance to micelles , although there are some key differences between them ( figure 1 ) .
they were first discovered by dr alec d. bangham in 1961... | developing innovative delivery strategies remains an ongoing task to improve both efficacy and safety of drug - based therapy .
nanomedicine is now a promising field of investigation , rising high expectancies for treating various diseases such as malignancies .
putting drugs into liposome is an old story that star... |
chest pain is a common symptom that may be caused by obstructive coronary artery disease ( cad ) and requires risk stratification to assess the probability of cad .
risk algorithms have been developed based on combinations of risk factors [ 2 , 3 ] .
however , these models tend to overestimate the prevalence of cad... | backgroundendothelial dysfunction precedes coronary artery disease ( cad ) and can be measured by peripheral arterial tonometry ( pat ) .
we examined the applicability of pat to detect a low risk of cad in a chest pain clinic.methodsin 93 patients , pat was performed resulting in reactive hyperaemia ( rhi ) and augme... |
the performance of definitive cements and the longevity of a restoration are affected by preparation coarseness , and the type of provisional cement , and cleaning technique used to remove provisional cement remnants.1 due to the negative effect that residual provisional cement , and debris on prepared abutment teeth m... | purposethe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of provisional cement removal by different dentin cleaning protocols ( dental explorer , pumice , cleaning bur , er : yag laser ) on the shear bond strength between ceramic and dentin.materials and methodsin total , 36 caries - free unrestored human third mola... |
reoperation in strabismus surgery is not uncommon for patients with under- or overcorrection of an ocular deviation [ 1 , 2 ] . in cases of recurrent exotropia after primary lateral rectus ( lr ) muscle recession surgery ; there remains a choice of conservative treatment or reoperation , depending on the severity of de... | purpose . to evaluate the surgical outcomes of unilateral or bilateral medial rectus ( mr ) muscle resection for recurrent exotropia after bilateral lateral rectus ( blr ) muscle recession based on a novel surgical formula
. methods .
forty - one consecutive patients with unilateral or bilateral mr muscle resection... |
avaliar o bloqueio da metaloproteinase da matriz ( mmp)-2 e da mmp-9 e a variao
do vef1 em pacientes com linfangioleiomiomatose ( lam ) aps o uso de
doxiciclina , um conhecido inibidor de mmp , durante 12 meses .
ensaio clnico aberto de brao nico no qual as pacientes com diagnstico de lam
receberam doxiciclina ... | objective : to assess blockade of matrix metalloproteinase ( mmp)-2 and mmp-9 , as well as the
variation in fev1 , in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis ( lam )
treated with doxycycline ( a known mmp inhibitor ) for 12 months.methods:an open - label , single - arm , interventional clinical trial in which lam pa... |
any non - fatal and deliberate self - injury in which a person intentionally and without interference from others puts him / herself at risk of death is referred to as a suicide attempt ( 1 ) .
worldwide , the number of suicide attempts resulting in death for adolescents is higher than for other age groups ( 2 , 3 ) ... | backgroundresearch shows that parents have an immense influence over their children s behavior during adolescence .
adolescents who grow up with parents who are addicted to drugs and alcohol are more likely to turn to self - destructive behaviors such as suicide attempts .
because addiction in iran is a primarily m... |
primary intestinal lymphangiectasia ( pil ) is a rare disorder of the intestine that is part of exudative gastroenteropathies and has primarily been described in children by waldmann et al .
reports in adulthood are even more rare [ 13 ] . diagnosis of pil is quite difficult for gastroenterologists because the sympto... | primary intestinal lymphangiectasia ( pil ) is a rare disorder , especially in adults .
it causes a local disruption of chylus transport and is part of the exudative gastroenteropathies .
conservative therapy includes dietary measures or somatostatin medication .
taking the differential diagnosis of pil into cons... |
bacterial growth has been intensively studied during the last century , and the understanding of bacterial cultures has increased from decade to decade . however , the intrinsic variability and heterogeneity of bacterial axenic cultures ( vives - rego et al . ,
juli and vives - rego ) , as well as the complexity of t... | we report a skew - laplace statistical analysis of both flow cytometry scatters and cell size from microbial strains primarily grown in batch cultures , others in chemostat cultures and bacterial aquatic populations .
cytometry scatters best fit the skew - laplace distribution while cell size as assessed by an electr... |
chronic liver disease and cirrhosis are important causes of morbidity and mortality in the world .
moreover , the burden of chronic liver disease is projected to increase due in part to the increasing prevalence of end - stage liver disease and hcc secondary to nafld and hcv .
liver transplantation is the best trea... | introduction .
the difficulty and challenge of recovering a right lobe graft without mhv drainage is reconstructing the outflow tract of the hepatic veins . with the inclusion or the reconstruction of the mhv ,
early graft function is satisfactory .
the inclusion of the mhv or not in the donor 's right lobectomy ... |
all reagents and solvents were obtained from commercial suppliers and were used without further purification , unless otherwise stated .
nmr spectra ( h and c ) were recorded on a bruker avance iii 400 mhz spectrometer .
chemical shift values are expressed in parts per million ( ppm).for shorter reaction times ( ... | abstractthe use of the tetrahydropyranyl ( thp ) group for the protection of serine and threonine sidechain hydroxyl groups in solidphase peptide synthesis has not been widely investigated .
ser / thr sidechain hydroxyl protection with this acidlabile and nonaromatic moiety is presented here .
although thp reacts w... |
innate immune cells include both myeloid cells , such as neutrophils and circulating monocytes which differentiate into macrophages within tissues , and innate lymphoid cells ( ilcs ) .
these cells have important functions in host defense , including the phagocytosis of pathogens , the release of antimicrobial protea... | leukocytes recruited to infected , damaged , or inflamed tissues during an immune response must adapt to oxygen levels much lower than those in the circulation .
hypoxia inducible factors ( hifs ) are key mediators of cellular responses to hypoxia and , as in other cell types , hifs are critical for the upregulation ... |
there were 3 women and one man , and the mean age of diagnosis was 49.5 years .
two patients were asymptomatic , and one , who had smoked for 10 pack - years , complained of cough .
a 56-year - old woman had manifested the symptoms of mg , such as ptosis , dysarthria and difficulty in swallowing , and the serum lev... | metaplastic thymoma ( mt ) , accepted in the world health organization 2004 scheme , is a circumscribed tumor of the thymus exhibiting biphasic morphology .
we herein describe the clinicopathologic features of four mts and the differential diagnoses of this unusual tumor .
there were three women and one man with me... |
c1q nephropathy is a proliferative glomerulopathy characterized by extensive c1q mesangial deposition in the clinical setting of steroid - resistant proteinuria ( 1 ) . so far ,
its etiology is not well - known , and the case reports associated with infection have been rare . epstein - barr virus ( ebv ) is a ubiquit... | c1q nephropathy is a proliferative glomerulopathy with extensive mesangial deposition of c1q .
a three - year old boy presented with a nephrotic - range proteinuria during an acute phase of epstein - barr virus ( ebv ) infection , and he had a family history of dent 's disease .
the renal biopsy findings were compa... |
papilloma virus ( pv ) was first established as a carcinogenic virus by rous and beard ( 1934 ) in cotton rabbit .
human papilloma virus ( hpv ) was identified from the cervical smears by meisels and fortins ( 1976 ) .
syrjanen k ( 1983 ) demonstrated the presence of hpv in oral cancer tissue by immunohistochemical... | objectives : oral cancer ranks third among all cancers in the indian population .
human papilloma virus ( hpv ) plays a significant role in oral carcinogenesis .
population - based subtype variations are present in the hpv prevalence .
this study gives an emphasis on the parameters to be considered in formalin fi... |
evidence that organization of cardiovascular care may be effective in reduction of morbidity and mortality has existed since at least the 1950s when cardiologists implemented specialized care in coronary units for patients with acute heart disease.1 we learned in chemistry class of the laws that govern free energy that... | in the united states ( us ) stroke care has undergone a remarkable transformation in the past decades at several levels . at the clinical level
, randomized trials have paved the way for many new stroke preventives , and recently , several new mechanical clot retrieval devices for acute stroke treatment have been cle... |
peanut - allergic ( pa ) , peanut - sensitized but tolerant ( ps ) , and non peanut - sensitized nonallergic ( na ) children were prospectively and consecutively enrolled from our pediatric allergy service on the days when the investigator ( a.f.s . ) was available to perform bat .
the allergic status to peanut was ... | backgroundmost of the peanut - sensitized children do not have clinical peanut allergy .
in equivocal cases , oral food challenges ( ofcs ) are required .
however , ofcs are laborious and not without risk ; thus , a test that could accurately diagnose peanut allergy and reduce the need for ofcs is desirable.objecti... |
collection of data for the present study was done from november 2003 to march 2004 in nandigram area of purba medinipur district , west bengal .
after satisfaction of all the required conditions , authorities of three primary schools agreed for participation .
necessary approval was obtained from vidyasagar univers... | background : to assess the prevalence of thinness among 5 - 10 year old school children of nandigram , purba medinipur district of west bengal , india.methods:a total of 596 students ( 323 boys and 288 girls ) aged 5 - 10 years were included in this crosssectional study .
height and weight were measured and the body ... |
we identified outbreak source cases through a review of investigation reports of tb outbreaks written by centers for disease control and prevention ( cdc ) staff during 20022011 . in a previous publication
, we described how cdc teams that assist public health partners with tb outbreaks write standardized reports abo... | a review of 26 tuberculosis outbreaks in the united states ( 20022011 ) showed that initial source case - patients had long infectious periods ( median 10 months ) and were characterized by substance abuse , incarceration , and homelessness . improved timeliness of diagnosis and thorough contact investigations for such... |
two patients presented with clinically diagnosed oca ( diffuse skin and hair hypopigmentation , diffuse iris transillumination , foveal and optic nerve dysplasia and fundus hypopigmentation [ figs . 1 and 2 ] ) and exotropia 40. they both had mild horizontal jerk nystagmus without abnormal head posture , and neither ha... | it is commonly accepted that albino patients with strabismus rarely achieve binocularity and depth perception after strabismus surgery .
the presence of retino - geniculo - cortical misrouting , a hallmark of the visual system in albinism , does not necessarily cause total loss of binocular vision , however , not eve... |
the most common site is in the infrascapular region beneath the muscular tissue . in magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) , a preferable noninvasive investigation , elastofibromas typically appear as a solitary , poorly circumscribed , heterogeneous , soft - tissue mass . in the absence of a reliable preoperative diagnos... | elastofibromas are rare benign , soft - tissue slow - growing tumors seen predominantly in elderly females .
the most common location is the infrascapular region .
these benign tumors require resection only in symptomatic cases .
we present a case of elastofibroma in a 46-year - old female .
she presented with ... |
dyskeratosis congenita ( dc ) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by premature aging , bone marrow failure and predisposition to malignancies . in its classical form , there is skin pigmentation , nail dystrophy and mucous membrane leukoplakia .
the major form of dc is x - linked and , therefore , there is an ... | dyskeratosis congenita ( dc ) is a rare disease characterized by hyperpigmentation , nail dystrophy and mucous membrane abnormality . commonly occurring in males ,
the patients die young usually due to bone marrow suppression .
malignancies of various descriptions have been reported in this disease , the commonest ... |
cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) remains the number one cause of death in the united states .
a number of risk factors for coronary heart disease ( chd ) and stroke have been identified , and population - based studies have begun to examine cvd risk prospectively in african americans .
recent literature has establish... | this study sought to establish the psychometric properties of a coping strategies inventory short form ( csi - sf ) by examining coping skills in the jackson heart study cohort .
we used exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis , pearson s correlation , and cronbach alpha to examine reliability and validity in th... |
the gastric ulcer is defined as a disturbance of the integrity of the gastric mucosa that causes a local defect or excavation due to active inflammation .
nowadays , aggressive and defensive factors are widely known to play a role in the development of a gastric ulcer .
the aggressive factors are gastric acid , pep... | objectives : the gastric ulcer is a common disorder of the stomach and duodenum . the basic physiopathology of a gastric ulcer results from an imbalance between some endogenous aggressive and cytoprotective factors .
this study examined whether ganoderma lucidum pharmacopuncture ( glp ) would provide protection again... |
. early markers of the syndrome are often present before persistent blood pressure elevation . progression is strongly associated with functional and structural abnormalities that damage the heart , kidneys , brain , and vasculature .
based on population - based survey conducted in 1979 arterial hypertension comprise... | objective . to assess differences in age of onset , hypertension duration , type of drug , treatment compliance , and salt - free diet compliance between patients with stroke and myocardial infarction .
patients and methods .
the study was conducted in 3 hospitals in baghdad between june 2010 and june 2011 .
firs... |
since the earliest studies on glial cells in the 19th century , ramn y cajal , camillo golgi , and their contemporary colleagues have described astrocytes as very particular cells in intimate contact with neurons and capillaries . based on these observations , they made different hypotheses on their physiological funct... | the function and efficacy of synaptic transmission are determined not only by the composition and activity of pre- and postsynaptic components but also by the environment in which a synapse is embedded .
glial cells constitute an important part of this environment and participate in several aspects of synaptic functi... |
students of ballet schools learn the art of dance for years by exploiting their locomotor
system , which is subjected to high loads of physical effort . breaking the limit of the motor
system adaptative skills contributes to the occurrence of motor system dysfunctions , leading
to injury .
the most common injur... | [ purpose ] learning ballet is connected with continuous use of the locomotor system while
subjecting it to high loads .
therefore , we conducted some research defining the appearance
of weak links in the motor system , in order to eliminate the risk of injury .
[ methods ]
fifty - two female students of a ba... |
the association between fetal chromosomal abnormality and increased nuchal translucency ( nt ) thickness during the first trimester of pregnancy is well - established ( 1 , 2 ) .
such a screening test may identify over 70% of trisomy 21 pregnancies in the first trimester , with a 5% screen - positive rate ( 1 , 2 ) .... | the aim of present study was to establish normative data for the distribution of nuchal translucency ( nt ) thickness in normal korean fetuses .
the data were collected from pregnant women with singleton pregnancies in whom fetal ultrasound was performed and the fetal nt thickness was measured between 11 and 14 weeks... |
periprosthetic infection after tha is a catastrophic complication which presents an enormous challenge to the orthopaedic community .
diagnosis is often difficult as no gold standard test is available ; thus , the diagnosis relies on the surgeon 's judgement of the clinical presentation , the findings on physical exa... | infection after total hip arthroplasties ( tha ) is a devastating complication with significant consequences for both the patients and the healthcare systems . in recent times
, a two stage procedure using antibiotic - impregnated interim spacers has become the most popular treatment for late chronic hip joint infect... |
adenomyosis is a benign condition characterized by myometrial spreading of the endometrium , usually involving the basal layer .
clinically , the disease may cause severe , secondary dysmenorrhea associated with menorrhagia and chronic pelvic pain .
adenomyosis commonly appears within the myometrium as clusters of ... | introductioncystic adenomyosis is a rare variant of adenomyosis characterized by well- circumscribed cavitated endometrial gland and stroma located within the myometrium .
the cysts usually measure 1 cm in diameter , contain a chocolate - colored fluid and do not open into the overlaying endometrium.case presen... |
the growth and disassembly of actin filaments
allows cells to perform
important functions such as motility and division .
the typical pathway for actin
filament growth is as follows : atp - bound monomeric actin ( g - actin )
adds at the barbed end of the actin filament ( f - actin ) , atp is hydrolyzed
in ... | actin
performs its myriad cellular functions by the growth and
disassembly of its filamentous form .
the hydrolysis of atp in the
actin filament has been shown to modulate properties of the filament ,
thus making it a pivotal regulator of the actin life cycle .
actin
has evolved to selectively hydrolyze a... |
acute basilar artery occlusion ( bao ) is a rare cause of stroke with a high mortality rate and an often poor clinical outcome among survivors .
randomized trials have shown the safety and efficacy of intra - arterial fibrinolysis ( iaf ) given within 6 hours . based on these trials
, iaf has been used in clinical ... | background and purposerecent advances in intra - arterial techniques and thrombectomy devices lead to high rate of recanalization . however , little is known regarding the effect of the evolvement of endovascular revascularization therapy ( ert ) in acute basilar artery occlusion ( bao ) .
we compared the outcome of ... |
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