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the rotational alignment of the component , especially that of the femoral component , is an important part of total knee arthroplasty ( tka ) . once the rotational alignment of the femoral component has been determined , the tibiofemoral joint can be aligned by the adaption of the tibial component to this alig...
[ purpose ] the reasons for femorotibial rotational malalignment after total knee arthroplasty ( tka ) were analyzed to provide evidence for clinical knee joint surgery and to reduce complications . [ subjects and methods ] ninety knees of 60 patients were selected and randomly divided into two groups ( n=30 ) ...
in humans , while the right hemisphere is dominant for visuospatial functions like architecture , geometry , and mathematics , the left hemisphere is dominant for verbal functions like speech , literature , and poetry [ 1 , 2 ] . a previous study found that left - handers evaluate overall perceptual similarity faster...
in this study , which investigates the relationship between the levels of stereopsis with eye and hand dominance or interpupillary distance , 120 healthy young volunteers were investigated . eye dominance was determined by modified miles technique following a complete eye examination . handedness was assessed with ...
three patients with sars were admitted to 3 wards of the hospital in early march 2003 , at a time when sars was not recognized and no infection control measures were in place . patient 1 , who had imported sars from hong kong , was admitted on march 1 and isolated after 5 days . patient 2 , a nurse who had looked a...
we conducted a study among healthcare workers ( hcws ) exposed to patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome ( sars ) before infection control measures were instituted . of all exposed hcws , 7.5% had asymptomatic sars - positive cases . asymptomatic sars was associated with lower sars antibody titers and high...
lead ( pb ) is a major environmental pollutant , and is highly toxic to the human body . since the earliest recorded times the metal has been smelted , applied as a cosmetic , painted on buildings , and glazed on ceramic pots ( 1 ) . on the other hand , lead may be the oldest recognized chemical toxin ( 2 ) . s...
lead is highly toxic to the human body and children are much more vulnerable to lead toxicity than adults . many studies have revealed that relatively low levels of blood lead can adversely affect human health , especially childhood growth and development . blood lead levels ( bll ) of children and adults hav...
brucella endocarditis ( be ) is a rare but severe and potentially lethal manifestation of brucellosis . pre - existing valves lesions and prosthetic valves ( pv ) are favorable for be . we represent the case of a 46-year - old man who was treated at the clinic for infectious diseases , clinical center of sarajevo u...
summaryconflict of interest : none declared.introductionbrucella endocarditis ( be ) is a rare but severe and potentially lethal manifestation of brucellosis . pre - existing valves lesions and prosthetic valves ( pv ) are favorable for be.case reportwe represent the case of a 46-year - old man who was treated at the...
acetylcholine ( ach ) , traditionally regarded solely as a neurotransmitter , is synthesized in cholinergic neurons and released via vesicular machinery in response to physiological and pharmacological stimulation . ach acts through nicotinic and muscarinic receptors in nerves and peripheral tissues . in 1966 , morri...
nonneuronal cholinergic system plays a primary role in maintaining homeostasis . it has been proved that endogenous neuronal acetylcholine ( ach ) could play an anti - inflammatory role , and exogenous cholinergic agonists could weaken macrophages inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) stimulation throug...
recent reviews of consecutive knee arthroscopies have demonstrated an incidence of chondral defects ranging from 60% to 66% , irrespective of the surgical indication . these lesions have been shown to have poor intrinsic potential for spontaneous healing and may predispose patients to the development of future joint ...
the operative management of focal chondral lesions continues to be problematic for the treating orthopedic surgeon secondary to the limited regenerative capacity of articular cartilage . although many treatment options are currently available , none fulfills the criteria for an ideal repair solution , including a hya...
age - period - cohort analyses can help evaluate causes of past population - level health trends , predict future health trends , and illuminate causes of individual - level susceptibility to health outcomes . all previous age - period - cohort analysis of obesity examined obesity assessed by body mass index ( bmi ) ...
backgroundabdominal obesity predicts a wide range of adverse health outcomes . over the past several decades , prevalence of abdominal obesity has increased markedly in industrialized countries like the u.s . no previous analyses , however , have evaluated whether there are birth cohort effects for abdominal obesit...
the surveillance of parasites and pathogens in wildlife populations has received international attention , since wildlife conservation outcomes can be affected by parasitic infections ( van riper et al . , 1986 , levin et al . , 2013 ) , and since wildlife are increasingly found to host pathogens that can infect huma...
parasite - host relationships are influenced by several factors intrinsic to hosts , such as social standing , group membership , sex , and age . however , in wild populations , temporal variation in parasite distributions and concomitant infections can alter these patterns . we used microscropy and molecular methods...
being a major organ of the immune system , thymus plays a key role in the t cell immunity formation [ 1 , 2 ] . an overt lowering of thymus functional activity in humans can be traced from the beginning of puberty and is associated with an early involution of this organ [ 3 , 4 ] . thymus involution is largely mani...
the processes of differentiation , proliferation , and apoptosis were studied in a cell culture of human cortical thymocytes under the influence of short peptides t-32 ( glu - asp - ala ) and t-38 ( lys - glu - asp ) . peptides t-32 and t-38 amplified cortical thymocytes differentiation towards regulatory t cells , i...
although the mass occurrence of planktonic algae in lakes and reservoirs has been for many years one of the main problems in water quality management , there is no generally accepted , inexpensive and environmentally safe method of reducing this phenomenon . one promising technique is an application of barley straw ,...
the response of a natural phytoplankton assemblage dominated by algae of the genus scenedesmus to the addition of barley straw extract was studied in a laboratory experiment . the aim of the study was to compare the inhibiting effect of water extracts obtained by soaking the straw for 1 , 2 and 3 months . we analy...
the use of calcium hydroxide [ ca(oh)2 ] as intracanal dressing has been recommended to induce apexification , to control internal and external inflammatory root reabsorption and in the treatment of necrotic teeth with periapical lesions . however , failing to completely remove the dressing may interfere with t...
objectivethe goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the self - adjusting file ( saf ) and protaper for removing calcium hydroxide [ ca(oh)2 ] from root canals . material and methodsthirty - six human mandibular incisors were instrumented with the protaper system up to instrument f2 and filled with a...
by 2030 , the number of older immigrants living in the united states is expected to have increased by 40 percent ( arias 2010 ) . u.s .- born racial / ethnic minority groups will also continue to grow and make up an increasing share of the older population ( vincent and velkoff 2010 ) . these shifts will change the d...
backgroundrapid population aging and increasing racial / ethnic and immigrant / native diversity make a broad documentation of u.s . health patterns during both mid- and late life particularly important.objectivewe aim to better understand age- and gender - specific racial / ethnic and nativity differences in physica...
obesity is a proinflammatory burning health issue recognized globally associated with increased risk of a cluster of risk factors which are representative of the metabolic syndrome . energy uptake overrides expenditure causing a disruption of cellular functions augmenting insufficient appetite regulation , thereby le...
obesity today stands at the intersection between inflammation and metabolic disorders causing an aberration of immune activity , and resulting in increased risk for diabetes , atherosclerosis , fatty liver , and pulmonary inflammation to name a few . increases in mortality and morbidity in obesity related inflammatio...
liver cancer is one of the leading primary cancers and the main cause of death in korea . the 5-year survival rates have improved in liver cancer patients diagnosed from 2008 to 2012 compared with those diagnosed from 1993 to 1995 . however , the prognosis of liver cancer is still poor compared to that of other cance...
purposethe aim of this study was to examine patterns of radiotherapy ( rt ) in korean patients with hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) according to the evolving guideline for hcc established by the korean liver cancer study group - national cancer center ( klcsg - ncc).materials and methodswe reviewed 765 patients with h...
large vestibular aqueduct syndrome ( lvas ) or enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome ( evas ) is a radiological diagnosis , which clinically manifests as sudden , fluctuating or progressive hearing loss . commonly , diagnosis is made during early childhood , either associated with inner ear anomaly , or congenital di...
large vestibular aqueduct syndrome ( lvas ) is the most common radiographic malformation in children with early onset of hearing loss . usually its occurrence is non - familial , however intriguingly a portion of patients with lvas is found to have evidence of genetic predisposition . we described cases of lvas in ...
the renal cytokine hormone erythropoietin ( epo ) regulates bone marrow erythrocyte production by stimulating the differentiation and inhibiting the apoptosis of erythroid progenitor cells ( de maria et al . , 1999 ; liu et al . , however , epo also bears extrahematopoietic properties that are transduced by epo rec...
summaryerythropoietin ( epo ) is the principal cytokine regulating erythropoiesis through its receptor , epor . interestingly , epors are also found on immune cells with incompletely understood functions . here , we show that epo inhibits the induction of proinflammatory genes including tumor necrosis factor ( tnf)...
moderate alcohol consumption can transiently improve movement - associated symptoms such as essential tremors , dystonias [ 3 , 4 ] , and tics . however , chronic alcohol consumption can trigger or aggravate hyperkinetic conditions such as akathisia , chorea , and myoclonus [ 6 , 7 ] . delirium tremens is a severe ...
heavy drinking contributes to involuntary body movements such as akathisia . quetiapine has been shown to alleviate symptoms of akathisia ; however , its efficacy in the alcohol dependent population is not well established . thus , we aimed to identify efficacy of quetiapine in treating akathisia in very heavy drin...
patent foramen ovale ( pfo ) is observed in 25% of the general population ; 46% of cryptogenic ischemic strokes are associated with its presence [ 1 , 2 ] . diagnostic examinations focusing on pfo are recommended in all patients following a neurological incident before the age of 55 . the standard examination perfo...
patent foramen ovale ( pfo ) is associated with the occurrence of cryptogenic strokes in young patients . transesophageal echocardiography with contrast is the established standard in pfo diagnostics . we present the case of a 44-year - old female patient after ischemic stroke , in whom pfo was not detected by echo...
peripheral arterial disease ( pad ) , an obstructive atherosclerotic disease in the lower extremities , was repeatedly found to be associated with cardiovascular diseases , stroke , mortality , or decreased quality of life in different populations . the prevalence of pad has been of increasing concern around the worl...
abstractwe aim to build models for peripheral arterial disease ( pad ) risk prediction and seek to validate these models in 2 different surveys in the us general population.model building survey was based on the national health and nutrition examination surveys ( nhanes , 19992002 ) . potential predicting variables i...
carbon nanotubes ( cnts ) have attracted wide attention both in the research and industrial communities because of their unique structure and properties . in particular , field electron emission from cnts has been proposed to be one of the most promising as far as its practical application is concerned . this is ...
randomly oriented short and low density conical carbon nanotubes ( cnts ) were prepared on si substrates by tubular microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process at relatively low temperature ( 350550 c ) by judiciously controlling the microwave power and growth time in c2h2 + nh3gas composition and fe ca...
oral squamous cell carcinoma is most common in oral malignancies , but gingival squamous cell carcinoma ( gscc ) is a rare tumor which accounts for less than 10% of all oral malignancies . gscc typically resembles common periodontal lesion and has a high risk of metastasis and bone invasion with delayed diagnosis . ...
backgroundcisplatin remains one of the most active agents and is the mainstay of combination chemotherapy regimens against gingival squamous cell carcinoma . however , the efficacy of cisplatin is limited by its high toxicity and the development of drug resistance . -elemene , isolated from the chinese herb rhizoma...
the central nervous , immune , and endocrine systems communicate through multiple common messengers . over evolutionary time , what may be termed integrated defense system(s ) ( ids ) have developed to coordinate these communications for specific contexts ; these include the stress response , acute - phase response , n...
the bacillus calmette - guerin ( bcg ) has been used as intravesical immunotherapy for superficial urothelial bladder carcinoma in preventing its recurrence . however , side effects range from locally and self - limited complications to systemic and life - threatening adverse reactions . osteoarticular complication...
intravesical instillation of bacillus calmette - guerin ( bcg ) is a treatment to prevent recurrence of superficial urothelial bladder carcinoma . complications after bladder instillation of bcg have been reported including locally invasive and systemic infections due to dissemination of mycobacterium bovis from the ...
a number of studies1,2 have focused on the specific interaction between bipolar disorder ( bp ) and stress in the field of psychiatry . extensive research has been conducted on dysregulation of the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal ( hpa ) axis and its association with bp.3 this dysregulation has become a promising ...
backgroundbipolar disorder ( bp ) is often associated with a change in hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis function change due to chronic stress . salivary -amylase ( saa ) levels increase in response to psychosocial stress and thus function as a marker of sympathoadrenal medullary system activity . however , saa ...
neuroferritinopathy is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder that is grouped within a family of disorders called neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation ( nbia ) . the disease most often includes a movement disorder , cognitive decline , and typical magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) appearance . ...
introductionneuroferritinopathy is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder that includes a movement disorder , cognitive decline , and characteristic findings on brain magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) due to abnormal iron deposition . here , we present a late - onset case , along with diffusion tensor imag...
osseointegration is a complex phenomenon and a prerequisite for the clinical success of bone - anchored dental and orthopedic implants.1 experimental studies provide evidence that bone formation could be promoted by implant surface modifications , largely dependent on the alterations of surface topography and roughness...
purposemechanisms governing the cellular interactions with well - defined nanotopography are not well described in vivo . this is partly due to the difficulty in isolating a particular effect of nanotopography from other surface properties . this study employed colloidal lithography for nanofabrication on titanium ...
approximately 33 to 73% of stroke patients are reported to experience dysphagia1 , a disorder that causes difficulty with chewing and swallowing food . the condition can cause very serious complications such as aspiration pneumonia , dehydration , and malnutrition , and may occasionally lead to death2 . enabling ...
[ purpose ] this study examined the effects of neck exercises using pnf on the swallowing function of stroke patients with dysphasia . [ subjects and methods ] a total of 26 study subjects were selected and randomly divided into an experimental group of 13 subjects , who received the pnf - based short neck flexio...
hydrophilic soft contact lenses were invented in 1961 by czechoslovakian chemist professor otto wichterle and first commercially introduced in the united states by bausch & lomb in 1971 . in the more than three decades since their introduction , hydrophilic soft contact lenses have proven a comparatively safe and effec...
the 20052006 outbreak of fusarium keratitis associated with soft hydrophilic contact lens wear was both unprecedented and unexpected . more than 250 cases have been reported worldwide that have primarily been associated with bausch & lomb renu with moistureloc and , more recently , with bausch and lomb renu multiplus...
epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a rare vascular tumor that usually develops in the lung , liver , bone , and soft tissue , and has a prognosis varying from benign to malignant . hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma usually occurs in adult women and presents as multiple masses , and its confirmatory diagnosis ...
epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a rare vascular tumor , which occurs in the lung , liver , bone , and soft tissue . hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is a syndrome characterized by subperiosteal new bone formation , joint effusion and clubbing , and may be associated with cyanotic heart disease , chronic pulmonary di...
the online version of this article ( doi:10.1007/s11999 - 008 - 0571 - 2 ) contains supplementary material , which is available to authorized users . below is the link to the electronic supplementary material . for article # 1 ( 1949 ) : reprinted with permission and elsevier masson editeur from merle daubign r...
this biographical sketch of r. merle daubign corresponds to the historic text , the classic : functional results of hip arthroplasty with acrylic prosthesis , available at doi 10.1007/s11999 - 008 - 0572 - 1.electronic supplementary materialthe online version of this article ( doi:10.1007/s11999 - 008 - 0571 - 2 ) cont...
a watershed finding regarding the etiology of mcc was the discovery in 2008 of the merkel cell polyomavirus by the chang - moore group ( feng et al . , 2008 ) . they demonstrated that in most mccs the viral dna was clonally integrated into the host cell dna , indicating that each tumor arose from a single cell and th...
the merkel cell polyomavirus ( mcpyv ) , discovered in 2008 , drives development of most merkel cell carcinomas ( mccs ) through several canonical mechanisms . a glaring gap in our knowledge remains the basis by which mcpyv , among all 12 human polyomaviruses , is the only one that causes cancer in humans . moreove...
fangji huangqi tang ( fht ) is a classical formula of traditional chinese medicine ( tcm ) . it was firstly recorded in jing gui yao lue by zhongjing zhang in the han dynasty . the formula consisted of four herbs , including stephania tetrandra s. moore , astragalus membranaceus ( fisch . ) bge . , atractylodes mac...
the aim of this study is to develop an ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography method coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of tetrandrine , fangchinoline , atractylenolide i , atractylenolide iii , calycosin-7-o--d - glucoside , glycyrrhizin , liquiritin , isoliquiritin , ...
we report a highly enantioselective cuh - catalyzed markovnikov hydrosilylation of vinylarenes and vinyl heterocycles . this method has a broad scope and enables both the synthesis of isolable silanes and the conversion of crude products to chiral alcohols . density functional theory calculations support ...
cardiometabolic risk ( cmr ) , a construct that comprises a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus , poses one of the largest public health challenges in the united states ( us).1 , 2 the prevalence of cmr factors such as hypertension ( 33% ) , overweight / obesity ( 69% ) , dia...
backgroundcardiometabolic risk ( cmr ) factors including hypertension , overweight / obesity , diabetes mellitus , and hyperlipidemia are high among united states ethnic minorities , and the immigrant population continues to burgeon.methods and resultshypothesizing that acculturation ( length of residence ) would be as...
breast cancer is the commonest malignancy in women worldwide and the preoperative evaluation of breast lumps is an essential part of the management of breast lesions [ 1 , 2 ] . the use of core needle biopsy in the management of palpable breast lumps in recent times has been increasing [ 3 , 4 ] . this is because c...
background . management of breast lumps can be challenging in resource poor settings . fine - needle aspiration cytology ( fnac ) especially when used with cell block can help improve affordability for the patients . objective . to determine the diagnostic accuracy of fnac of palpable breast lesions within a 5-year...
duchenne muscular dystrophy ( dmd ) and becker muscular dystrophy ( bmd ) are allelic disorders of the dystrophin gene at the xp21 locus1,2 ) . dystrophin plays an essential structural role in both cardiac and skeletal muscle , protecting the sarcolemma from mechanical stresses of muscle contraction3 ) . whereas dm...
an 18-year - old boy was admitted with chest discomfort , nausea , and dyspnea at rest . at the age of 3 years , he underwent muscle biopsy and dystrophin gene analysis owing to an enlarged calf muscle and elevated serum kinase level ( 6,378 u / l ) without overt weakness ; based on the results , becker muscular dyst...
streptococcus pneumoniae ( pneumococcus ) is a leading cause of bacterial illnesses among children throughout the world , responsible for invasive pneumococcal disease ( ipd ) ( e.g. meningitis , sepsis , bacteraemic pneumonia and bacteraemia ) and non - ipd ( e.g. pneumonia , acute otitis media and sinusitis ) . a 2...
summaryrisk factors for invasive pneumococcal disease ( ipd ) include young and old age , comorbidities ( such as splenic dysfunction , immunodeficiencies , chronic renal disease , chronic heart or lung disease or cerebral spinal fluid leak ) , crowded environments or poor socioeconomic conditions . universal use of ...
exercise therapy is at the core of rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd)1,2,3 , the incidence of which continues to increase worldwide4,5,6 . both endurance and strength training focusing on the lower limbs can decrease the lactic acid concentration in the blood , carbon dioxide produ...
[ purpose ] we aimed to determine the effects of ventilation feedback using electrical stimulation on ventilation pattern during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) , and develop new rehabilitation methods . [ subjects ] this randomized double - blind placebo - controlled tria...
forensic odontology plays a significant role in identification of individuals in case of crime investigations or during autopsy . forensic odontology becomes even more important when bodies are decomposed , skeletonized , or mutilated . this is because dental hard tissues have some morphological characteristics , a...
aim : the aim of this study was to observe and record the macroscopic , radiographic , and microscopic findings obtained after subjecting the teeth to high temperatures.materials and methods : an in vitro study was conducted to observe macroscopic , radiographic , and microscopic changes in dental hard tissues in 60 un...
most poor people seek help at public run hospitals where services are free , and those from families below the poverty line ( bpl ) are exempted from payments for medicines and investigations . while this is helpful , there are other hidden costs which the family has to bear . patients often need to buy medicines whi...
background : combination of ill health and poverty poses special challenges to health care providers . mental illness and costs are linked in terms of long - term treatment and lost productivity , and it affects social development . the purpose of the present study is to assess the economic burden of poor families wh...
a diverse number of interactions between bone and immune cells occur within the bone microenvironment . bone and immune cells share the same progenitors residing in the bone marrow and these progenitors are under the effect of the same molecules including cytokines ; these molecules can have a high influence in the h...
gaucher , the most prevalent lysosomal disorder , is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder due to a deficiency of glucocerebrosidase . glucocerebrosidase deficiency leads to the accumulation of glucosylceramide primarily in cells of mononuclear - macrophage lineage . clinical alterations are visceral , hematolo...
ludwig 's angina is a potentially life - threatening infection of the sublingual and submandibular space which involves the neck and floor of the mouth . it is one of the rare medical emergencies in a critical care setting , which could turn out to be devastating if unidentified at the earliest . if angioneurotic e...
a 52-year - old obese gentleman presented to the hospital with complaints of fever and shortness of breath for 10 days . he was admitted in the ward and treated for acute exacerbation of asthma . he was shifted to the intensive care unit ( icu ) for persistent fever , neck swelling , airway obstruction and desatura...
the acquired neuropathies include the acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy ( aidp , guillain - barr syndrome ) and the chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy ( cidp).1 the purpose of this manuscript is to review the history of development of knowledge about guillain - barr syndrome ( gbs ) from th...
the history of the development of knowledge about guillain - barr - syndrome ( gbs ) is reviewed . the clinical profile , including characteristic csf findings , were established by laundry in 1859 and barre in 1916 . pathologic features of gbs were defined ill three landmark papers by haymarker and kernohan in 194...
inflammatory bowel disease ( ibd ) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that comprises two major conditions : crohn 's disease ( cd ) and ulcerative colitis ( uc ) . these pathologies are characterized by abdominal pain , fever , chronic diarrhea , and rectal bleeding due to ulce...
the gastrointestinal tract plays a central role in immune system , being able to mount efficient immune responses against pathogens , keeping the homeostasis of the human gut . however , conditions like crohn 's disease ( cd ) or ulcerative colitis ( uc ) , the main forms of inflammatory bowel diseases ( ibd ) , are ...
the rapid dissemination of highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza viruses and evolution of their antigenic diversity pose a pandemic threat to public health . vaccination remains one of the most effective measures to prevent severe illness and death from pandemic influenza . one is based on chemically inactivated d...
highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza viruses pose a pandemic threat to human health . a rapid vaccine production against fast outbreak is desired . we report , herein , a paradigm - shift influenza vaccine technology by presenting h5n1 hemagglutinin ( ha ) to the surface of yeast . we demonstrated , for the first...
lipoprotein lipase ( lpl ) deficiency is a rare condition characterized by high plasma triglycerides , low hdlcholesterol , and the presence of fasting chylomicrons due to a mutation of a key enzyme involved in the hydrolysis and removal of triglycerides from plasma 1 . besides lpl , several additional loci have been...
key clinical messagewe show the longterm efficacy and safety of modified biliopancreatic diversion for the treatment of lpldeficiency . how this option compares with gene therapy is difficult to evaluate due to limited experience . surgery may be the first option in patients in whom medical therapy is ineffective a...
safe drinking water is a fundamental human right and if contaminated with opportunistic pathogenic environmental bacteria , it may have health implications for consumers [ 2 , 3 ] . human health should therefore be protected by preventing microbial contamination of water that is intended for consumption . in rural co...
the aim of this study was to isolate and identify environmental bacteria from various raw water sources as well as the drinking water distributions system in mafikeng , south africa , and to determine their antibiotic resistance profiles . water samples from five different sites ( raw and drinking water ) were analys...
animal model of sciatic nerve transection : sprague - dawley rats ( 1012 weeks ) were used for this study . the institution s guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals were followed . rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal ( i.p . ) injection of ketamine ( 75 mg / kg ) . under aseptic condition...
after peripheral nerve injury , wallerian degeneration ( wd ) occurs in the distal nerve segment . during the process of degeneration , schwann cells ( scs ) dedifferentiate , proliferate and migrate to align in bands of bngner , providing structural guidance and growth - promoting substrates to regenerating ...
all well - differentiated neoplasms are called neuroendocrine tumors ( nets ) , and all poorly differentiated neoplasms are termed neuroendocrine carcinomas . rectal nets < 10 mm in size have a very low risk of lymph node metastasis . however , the vertical margin remains positive after conventional endoscopic ther...
generally , lesions of rectal neuroendocrine tumors ( nets ) 10 mm or smaller are less malignant and are indicated for endoscopic therapy . however , the vertical margin may remain positive after conventional endoscopic mucosal resection ( emr ) because nets develop in a way similar to submucosal tumors ( smts ) . ...
liver transplantation ( lt ) is an effective treatment for end - stage liver disease . portal vein ( pv ) complications after lt that include pv stenosis and pv thrombosis are rare , but can be devastating and lead to graft failure . if not promptly treated , pv stenosis and pv thrombosis may lead to pv occlusion ....
abstractportal vein ( pv ) occlusion after liver transplant is an uncommon clinical situation , and percutaneous interventional treatment for this condition has not been widely described.the aim of this study was to evaluate the long - term treatment effect of interventional treatment for pv occlusion after liver trans...
the incidence of varicoceles in both men and adolescent boys is approximately 15% [ 1 - 3 ] . in men evaluated for an infertility problem , 37 - 41% are diagnosed with a left varicocele but only 40% will achieve paternity when the varicocele is surgically corrected . it would be illogical to recommend varicocele re...
the management of adolescent varicocele has evolved over the last 30 years . this article briefly reviews some of the current issues regarding the adolescent varicocele , including ( a ) the progressive nature of the adolescent varicocele , ( b ) the degree of asymmetry that necessitates surgery , ( c ) the wide vari...
a cutaneous sinus of dental origin is a relatively uncommon occurrence and may be easily misdiagnosed . they do not always arise close to the underlying infection and dental symptoms may be absent ( 1 ) . often patients seek care from general physicians and surgeons with other diagnoses being made such as furuncles...
we report a case of a cutaneous sinus related to a non - vital lower premolar . the case was misdiagnosed by non - dentally trained medical staff and subsequent treatment proved ineffective . following referral to an oral and maxillofacial clinic the correct cause was established . correct treatment was followed ...
a 55-year - old male patient visited our clinic for the chief complaint of sudden - onset vision decrease after nd : yag capsulotomy in a local clinic . at the time of admission , the uncorrected visual acuity was 20/1000 and the intraocular pressure was 15 mm hg . at 22 months before the dislocation of the iol , the...
we report a case of dislocation of wiol - cf polyfocal full - optics intraocular lens ( iol ) after neodymium - doped yttrium aluminum garnet ( nd : yag ) laser capsulotomy in the vitrectomized eye . at 22 months before the dislocation of the iol , a 55-year - old male patient underwent phacoemulsification with wiol - ...
first described in 2001 , robotic - assisted radical prostatectomy ( rap ) now constitutes a substantial portion of the minimally invasive prostatectomy market , as 2 new hospitals acquire a da vinci robot per week ( intuitive surgical , personal communication october 2006 ) . the benefits associated with transitioni...
background and objectives : we sought to provide informed recommendations on transitioning from laparoscopic radical prostatectomy ( lrp ) to robotic - assisted radical prostatectomy ( rap ) through a study of the da vinci robot.methods:we performed a cost - benefit analysis to determine the impact that purchasing a $ ...
data were collected from patients with type 1 diabetes enrolled in several multicenter diapep277 phase ii studies with a prospective , randomized , double - blind , parallel - group , and placebo - controlled design . diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and the inclusion / exclusion criteria have been previously published (...
objectiveto investigate whether lower risk hla class ii genotypes would influence the efficacy of diapep277 therapy in protecting -cell function evaluated by c - peptide secretion in recent - onset type 1 diabetic subjects.research design and methodsdata were collected from type 1 diabetic subjects enrolled in multicen...
the vacuum disc phenomenon , known as a presence of gas in the intervertebral disc space , is a relatively common radiological finding , especially on computed tomography ( ct ) finding1,6,8 ) . although its clinical importance is low , sometimes it can cause different clinical pattern12 ) . patients with epidural ...
vacuum disc phenomenon is a collection of gas in the intervertebral disc space but rarely causes nerve compression . however , some rare type of vacuum phenomenon in the spinal canal may bring about posterior gas displacement within the epidural space . the authors describe two patients with symptomatic epidural ga...
several studies suggest that idiopathic scoliosis is a familial condition that has a multifactorial etiology [ 13 , 25 ] . twin studies will diminish the effects of environment and allow an understanding of genetics of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis . the fact that monozygotic twins have a significantly higher conco...
treating children with idiopathic scoliosis can amaze someone at the many different ways in which the deformity can present . most authors state that genetics stipulates the course of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis . this is mainly based on the high concordance in monozygotic twins . however , there is indicatio...
burning mouth syndrome ( bms ) is defined as the sensation of burning or pain on the oral mucous membrane , without evidence of abnormalities in the direct inspection , clinical exam or subsidiary investigation . besides pain and tingling , bms is often characterized by dry mouth and taste perversion [ 1 , 2 ] . bm...
burning mouth syndrome ( bms ) is characterized by burning discomfort or pain in otherwise normal oral mucosa . it is usually refractory . treatment modalities are scarce . herein we report one case of primary disabling bms , previously refractory to multiple regimens , with complete and persistent improvement wi...
it is generally acknowledged that central nervous system ( cns ) disorders involve microglial activation and that progression and resolution of many diseases depend in part on the actions of microglia . as resident inflammatory cells of the cns , microglia potentially modulate inflammatory processes . however , micro...
there is growing evidence that chronic inflammation plays a role in both the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy . there is also evidence that molecules produced as a result of hyperglycemia can activate microglia . however the exact contribution of microglia , the resident immune cells of the centr...
a malignant mixed mllerian tumor ( mmmt ) that develops from the female genital tract is a rare clinical entity , accounting for less than 1% of all gynecological malignancies . since mllerian ducts develop to form the fallopian tubes , uterus and the upper third of the vagina , mmmts are usually found in these struc...
primary retroperitoneal mllerian adenocarcinoma ( prma ) is an extremely rare clinical entity . we report the case of a 54-year - old woman who presented with a mass in the right lower retroperitoneum , identified during an ultrasound exam . computed tomography confirmed a retroperitoneal mass measuring 11 cm . t...
vitamin c ( ascorbate ) is an essential nutrient in humans , and insufficient dietary intake leads to the potentially fatal deficiency disease , scurvy . it is an essential cofactor for a variety of dioxygenase enzymes that hydroxylate amino acids in the synthesis of pro - collagen , carnitine , hormones and ...
vitamin c is an essential nutrient in humans and must be obtained through the diet . the aim of this study was to determine vitamin c uptake in healthy volunteers after consuming kiwifruit ( actinidia chinensis var . hort . 16a ) , and to determine the amount of fruit required to raise plasma vitamin c to ...
apprehension about a possible adverse reproductive outcome haunts nearly every anaesthesiologist . despite an extensive review of literature , it is not clear if the practice of anaesthesia is associated with a higher risk of a poor reproductive outcome than the general population . the introduction of newer inhala...
background and aims : anaesthetic practice is associated with a risk of chronic exposure to anaesthetic agents . with the advent of newer inhalational agents and changing anaesthetic practices , the risks for anaesthesiologists with regard to adverse reproductive outcomes is unknown . hence , a nationwide online su...
diabetes is a major global health problem , which currently affects millions of people worldwide with high and escalating costs to societies.1,2 we have established the diabetes impact study 2013 with the aim to provide an updated account of the current and future epidemiological profile of diabetes in denmark together...
purposeas part of the danish diabetes impact study 2013 , we present trends in the incidence , morbidity , mortality , and prevalence of diabetes in denmark for the period 2000 through 2011.patients and methodsthe danish national diabetes register was established in 2006 and is assumed to cover all patients with diabet...
intracellular infections with pathogens such as viruses and certain bacteria are defeated by cytotoxic t lymphocytes ( ctl ) . the ctl t - cell receptor ( tcr ) recognizes foreign peptides in complex with major histocompatibility complex ( mhc ) class i molecules on the surface of the infected cells . mhc class i m...
netmhc-3.0 is trained on a large number of quantitative peptide data using both affinity data from the immune epitope database and analysis resource ( iedb ) and elution data from syfpeithi . the method generates high - accuracy predictions of major histocompatibility complex ( mhc ) : peptide binding . the predict...
the tm4sf2 gene on xp11.4 encodes tetraspanin 7 ( tspan7 ) , member of the tetraspanin superfamily of evolutionarily - conserved membrane proteins that associate dynamically with numerous partner proteins in tetraspanin - enriched microdomains ( tems ) of the plasma membrane ( boucheix and rubinstein , 2001 ) . tetra...
summarymutations in tspan7a member of the tetraspanin protein superfamily are implicated in some forms of x - linked intellectual disability . here we show that tspan7 overexpression promotes the formation of filopodia and dendritic spines in cultured hippocampal neurons from embryonic rats , whereas tspan7 silencin...
it is well established that allergic rhinitis and asthma frequently coexist in the same subject , and the united airway disease model has been proposed to describe a unique disease with manifestations in different sites of the respiratory system . in addition , large studies have suggested a link between the severity...
background : the strong interactions between asthma and rhinitis , and the influence of rhinitis in the severity and/or control of asthma , have clearly been demonstrated . nevertheless , no specific study has been conducted in the occupational setting . objective : the aim of the study was to assess the severity of oc...
shiga - toxin producing escherichia coli ( stec ) is capable of naturally colonizing within the gastrointestinal tract of cattle without causing illness . human consumption of products contaminated with stec can cause the severe illnesses hemorrhagic colitis and hemorrhagic uremic syndrome [ 2 , 3 ] . the most noto...
citrus byproducts ( cbps ) are utilized as a low cost nutritional supplement to the diets of cattle and have been suggested to inhibit the growth of both escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella . the objective of this study was to examine the effects in vitro that varying concentrations of cbp in the powdered or pell...
dental caries is the single most common biofilm dependent oral infectious disease worldwide that results from the interaction of specific bacterial and salivary constituents with dietary carbohydrates in a biofilm tightly adherent on the tooth surface . dental caries is most likely the result of a polymicrobial infec...
background : dental plaque being one of the most - studied biofilm communities , is particularly complex because it consists of thousands of bacterial species , and new species are still being isolated and characterized . the aim of the present study is to characterize surface topography of the biofilm formed by a ne...
however , not all patients may understand the clear liquid component of the preparation instructions , resulting in poor quality preparation with subsequent delays in diagnosis and treatment . in general , patient comprehension of medical instructions is poor since most americans read at the equivalent of an 8th or 9...
clear liquids are often part of colonoscopy preparation instructions , regardless of the active cleansing agent . poor understanding of this facet may yield poor preparation with delays in management . we studied comprehension of this facet of colon preparation in an appalachian population . our survey contained ...
the concept of improving the quality of healthcare service has been repeatedly discussed in recent years . patients who are satisfied with their service experience are more likely to come back to the hospital in the future . many studies have regarded patient waiting time as a significant component of patient satis...
many hospitals are currently paying more attention to patient satisfaction since it is an important service quality index . many asian countries ' healthcare systems have a mixed - type registration , accepting both walk - in patients and scheduled patients . this complex registration system causes a long patient w...
the most commonly used terms to describe vocal fold mobility disorders are paralysis , meaning complete immobility , paresis for hypomobility , and fixation that describes an immobile vocal fold due to mechanical obstruction of its movement , such as arthritis of the cricoarytenoid joint or scarring of the poster...
partial paralysis of the larynx is a term often used to describe a hypomobile vocal fold as is the term paresis . we present a case of a dysphonic patient with a mobility disorder of the vocal fold , for whom idiopathic partial paralysis was the diagnosis made after laryngeal electromyography , and discuss a prop...
in india , marital rates of persons with schizophrenia are high compared to western countries . parenting difficulties in women with psychosis are common and could be due to social cognitive impairments , specific positive symptoms the presence of social stressors ( e.g. chronic social adversity , stigma or a lack of...
background : it has been shown that mother infant interactions are often impaired in mothers with schizophrenia . contributory factors include psychotic symptoms , negative symptoms and surrogate parenting by others.aim:this study describes the effectiveness of video feedback in enhancing mother - infant interaction ...
macrophages play important roles in a host 's immune defense system during infection as well as in the processes of disease development . activation of macrophages by stimuli , such as the bacterial endotoxin , lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) , and viruses , increases the production of numerous inflammatory mediators , in...
this study was aimed to examine the effects of indole-3-carbinol ( i3c ) and -phenylethyl isothiocyanate ( peitc ) , bioactive components present in cruciferous vegetable , on the production of inflammatory mediators , including nitric oxide ( no ) , tumor necrosis factor- ( tnf- ) and interleukin-10 ( il-10 ) , in lip...
the conceptual simplicity of the implicit solvation ( solvent treated as a structureless continuum dielectric medium ) framework facilitates fast quantitative estimates of solvation effects that are key in biomolecular computation . in this framework , one often approximates the solvation free energy free ene...
the effect of charge hydration asymmetry ( cha)non - invariance of solvation free energy upon solute charge inversion is missing from the standard linear response continuum electrostatics . the proposed charge hydration asymmetric generalized born ( cha gb ) approximation introduces this effect into the po...
the success of renal transplantation continues to be limited by ischemia reperfusion injury , which is the dominant mechanism in the development of delayed graft function ( dgf ) . commonly defined as the need for dialysis within seven days of transplant , dgf is greatly influenced by factors that lead to greater isc...
background . diabetes is a risk factor for delayed graft function in kidney transplantation , and hyperglycemia increases ischemia reperfusion injury in animal models . methods . to explore the role of perioperative hyperglycemia in ischemia reperfusion injury , we conducted a prospective study of 40 patients under...
a 70-year - old female presented with a history of painless swelling of the left lower eyelid for one year ( fig . her visual acuity was 20 / 20 ( left eye ) , and a slitlamp examination of the left eye revealed no abnormalities except for corneal granular dystrophy . the lower eyelid of the left eye was diffusely sw...
the author reports a case of orbital sarcoidosis in a 70-year - old female that initially presented as diffuse swelling of the lower eyelid . the patient complained of painless swelling of the left lower lid without palpable mass , and a computerized tomography ( ct ) scan of the orbit was unremarkable . a serum an...
it is widely available in the bangladeshi market as an effective preparation to treat lumbago , sciatia and arthritic pain of joints . our present studies make an attempt toward identifying probable antinociceptive and anti - inflammatory effect and its mechanisms of drk . drk , at three doses , ( 10 ml / kg , 20 m...
rationale : draksharishta ( drk ) is an ayurvedic formulation approved by the national formulary of ayurvedic medicine 2011 , of bangladesh . it is widely available in the bangladeshi market as an effective preparation to treat lumbago , sciatia and arthritic pain of joints . but there are very scientific evidenc...
a 46-year - old female patient visited our hospital with pain in the right posterior neck area , which had continued since she had fallen from a chair six months previously . she said that she had fallen down from a chair with small wheels in her house at the time of the accident . the degree of pain was 8/10 on th...
posterior neck pain is a common complaint of patients in the pain clinic . the atlas ( c1 ) burst fracture is known to be a cause of posterior neck pain and instability . although the atlas burst fracture and instability can be discovered by plain x - rays which show lateral mass displacement or widening of the atl...
the disease is reported in 88 countries around the world , and its prevalence is estimated to be approximately 12 million annually and about 350 million people are at the risk of the disease [ 1 , 2 ] . about 90% of cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis are found in brazil , afghanistan , iran , peru , saudi arabia , and sy...
visceral leishmaniasis is one of the most important sever diseases in tropical and subtropical countries . in the present study the effects of antimony sulfide nanoparticles on leishmania infantum in vitro were evaluated . antimony sulfide nps ( sb2s5 ) were synthesized by biological method from serratia marcescens...
shiga toxins ( stxs , also referred to as verotoxins ) , a family of bacterial protein toxins generated by stx producing - escherichia coli ( stec ) , such as e. coli serotype o157:h7 , are believed to cause hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome ( hus ) ( 1 , 2 ) . shiga toxins are amongst ab5 toxins , wh...
background : shiga toxins ( stxs , also referred to as verotoxins ) are a family of bacterial protein toxins generated by stx producing - escherichia coli ( stec ) , such as e. coli serotype o157:h7.objectives : the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of recombinant and native shiga toxin ( stx ) in inducti...
chronic primary mitral regurgitation ( mr ) due to myxomatous mitral valve disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality . it causes progressive left ventricular ( lv ) dilatation and irreversible myocardial damage and is associated with eccentric hypertrophy and complex lv adaptive remodeling . this rem...
abstractbackground : left ventricular ( lv ) twist is due to oppositely directed apical and basal rotation and has been proposed as a sensitive marker of lv function . we sought to assess the impact of chronic pure mitral regurgitation ( mr ) on the torsional mechanics of the left human ventricle using tissue doppler...
good is a contested matter , since there is no uniform label and way of doing good care. instead what is defined as good care is highly variable from one situation to the other . anne - mei the showed through her anthropological research in dutch nursing homes , how in daily care delivery , caregivers decide what...
health care organizations are constantly seeking ways to improve quality of care and one of the often - posed solutions to deliver good care is reflexivity . several authors stress that enhancing the organizations and caregivers reflexivity allows for more situated , and therefore better care . within quality impro...
coronary artery stenting has become the preferred technique for revascularization in a patient with coronary artery disease . patients with coronary stents are strictly advised to continue dual antiplatelet therapy , clopidogrel and aspirin , for a duration of atleast 1 year to allow re - endothelialization and preve...
the perioperative course of the patients who have undergone coronary stent placement was studied . these patients were on dual antiplatelet therapy and were posted for noncardiac surgery . clopidogrel had been discontinued for a variable duration before noncardiac surgery . thromboelastography ( teg ) was perform...
cancer stem - like cells glial fibrillary acidic protein inhibitor of apoptosis nuclear factor kappa b glioblastoma multiforme ( gbm ) , the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults , is known for its high aggressiveness and inherent resistance to current treatment regimens . cancer stem - like cells ( c...
small - molecule antagonists of inhibitor of apoptosis ( iap ) proteins such as smac mimetics are considered promising cancer therapeutics through the engagement of cell death pathways . recent evidence suggests that smac mimetics perform additional nonapoptotic functions by initiating differentiation in cancer stem ...
the global burden of cancer continues to increase largely because of the aging and growth of the world population alongside an increasing adoption of cancer - causing behaviors , particularly smoking in economically developing countries . across the globe , cancer is leading cause of death too with 7.6 million deaths...
background : this study examines major cancer sites among the population of gandhinagar district , india during the year 2009-2011.objective:to study leading cancer incidents and mortality and their age distribution in both sexes in gandhinagar district.materials and methods : primary data were collected from various s...
testicular cancer ( tc ) is a rare disease , with 300 cases per year in denmark . , it represents the most curable solid tumor with a 10-year survival of 90%95%.1 with the high cure rate and young age at diagnosis , posttreatment morbidity plays a central role . previous studies have shown an increased risk of seco...
aimthe nationwide danish testicular cancer database consists of a retrospective research database ( dateca database ) and a prospective clinical database ( danish multidisciplinary cancer group [ dmcg ] dateca database ) . the aim is to improve the quality of care for patients with testicular cancer ( tc ) in denmark...
its diagnosis is often delayed because its symptoms and imaging mimic occlusive atherosclerotic disease or vasculitis ( 1 ) , thus it is primarily diagnosed during surgery or an autopsy ( 2 ) . polyarteritis nodosa ( pan ) is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis that typically affects medium - sized muscular arteries . ...
a 61-year - old man had hypertension with stenosis in the left renal artery . when his fever , abdominal pain , and renal dysfunction progressed , he was admitted to our hospital . he was diagnosed with polyarthritis nodosa . his renal function rapidly deteriorated despite immunosuppressive therapy . his digest...
verrucous papillary lesions ( vpls ) of the oral cavity are diagnostically challenging as they include a spectrum of benign , potentially malignant , and frankly malignant lesions . a majority of the benign vpls have a viral aetiology and include the more commonly occurring squamous papilloma along with verruca vulga...
verrucous papillary lesions ( vpls ) of oral cavity are diagnostically challenging as they include a spectrum of benign , potentially malignant , and frankly malignant lesions . a majority of the benign vpls have viral aetiology and include commonly occurring squamous papilloma along with verruca vulgaris , focal epi...
whole disc organ culture is needed for preclinical testing of biological repair of the degenerate intervertebral disc . such organ culture is hampered by two major limitations : first , obtaining adequate nutrition through the calcified cartilage end plates and adjacent vertebral bone ; second , by loss of tissue int...
selected abstracts delivered at the 9th annual aospine north america fellows forumconsistent with ebsj 's commitment to fostering quality research , we are pleased to feature some of the most highly rated abstracts from the 9th annual aospine north america fellows forum in banff , canada . enhancing the quality of evid...
bone marrow fibrosis is known to occur in several neoplastic and non - neoplastic conditions . among neoplastic conditions such as acute leukemia , acute promyelocytic leukemia ( apl ) presenting with marrow fibrosis is a rare entity , with few cases reported in the past , , . in one case series a reversible bone m...
bone marrow fibrosis has been associated with different types of non - neoplastic conditions like granulomatous and autoimmune diseases and a variety of neoplastic disorders such as acute megakaryoblastic leukemia , hodgkin lymphoma , non - hodgkin lymphoma and myeloproliferative neoplsms . therapy induced fibrosis i...
deep brain stimulation ( dbs ) has demonstrated significant therapeutic benefits in ( i ) treating symptoms relating to neurological motor disorders including parkinson 's disease , essential tremor , and dystonia , ( ii ) controlling epilepsy , and ( iii ) providing relief from chronic pain . dbs has been also emp...
deep brain stimulation has emerged as an effective medical procedure that has therapeutic efficacy in a number of neuropsychiatric disorders . preclinical research involving laboratory animals is being conducted to study the principles , mechanisms , and therapeutic effects of deep brain stimulation . a bottleneck ...
sarcoidosis is an idiopathic , inflammatory condition primarily encountered within the lungs but very rarely identified in the peritoneum . case study : a 34-year - old woman presented with pleural effusion , ascites and an adnexal mass , indicative of ovarian cancer . however , 2 years later , she developed anothe...
backgroundsarcoidosis is an idiopathic , inflammatory condition primarily encountered within the lungs but very rarely identified in the peritoneum . case study : a 34-year - old woman presented with pleural effusion , ascites and an adnexal mass , indicative of ovarian cancer.resultsa biopsy revealed granulomas and ...
scoliosis surgery can often be complicated by postoperative paralytic ileus and superior mesenteric artery ( sma ) syndrome.1234 both , conditions have usually a benign course and resolution of the symptoms should be expected with early instigation of conservative management . their clinical appearance can , however ...
we report ogilvie 's syndrome following posterior spinal arthrodesis on a patient with thoracic and lumbar scoliosis associated with intraspinal anomalies . postoperative paralytic ileus can commonly complicate scoliosis surgery . ogilvie 's syndrome as a cause of abdominal distension and pain has not been reported...
central pontine myelinolysis ( cpm ) is an acquired demyelinating lesion of the basis pontis that typically occurs after rapid correction of hyponatremia . it is an uncommon condition with predilection for the central portion of the basis pontis , although axons in the putamina , caudate nuclei , thalami , cerebellum...
introductioncentral pontine myelinolysis ( cpm ) is an acquired demyelinating lesion of the basis pontis that typically occurs after rapid correction of hyponatremia . there are only a few reported cases of patients without symptoms that have demonstrated cpm on imaging.case presentationwe report the case of a 26-yea...
visualization of bonding interactions between atoms and molecules is a long - standing quest in computational chemistry . during its development the main interest lies in creating a tool that enables not only to see the interaction but also to interpret its character and properties . there is no general a...
we introduce a density - dependent bonding descriptor that enables simultaneous visualization of both covalent and noncovalent interactions . the proposed quantity is tailored to reveal the regions of space , where the total electron density results from a strong overlap of shell , atomic , or molecular densi...
the electronic databases ( beginning in 1950 until july 2010 ) medline and embase were searched for the medical subject headings ( mesh ) diabetic retinopathy and mortality or cardiovascular disease to identify observational studies that report the incidence of all - cause mortality , and fatal and nonfatal cv ev...
objectivethe prognostic significance of diabetic retinopathy ( dr ) for death and cardiovascular ( cv ) outcomes is debated . we investigated the association of dr with all - cause mortality and cv events in patients with diabetes by a systematic review and meta-analysis.research design and methodsthe electronic data...
clinical diagnosis of patients presenting with extrapyramidal features is often problematic as signs and symptoms suggestive of parkinson s disease may be present in several parkinsonian syndromes . the diagnostic algorithm can be even more complex if additional cognitive deficits are present . these cases , particul...
the diagnosis of dementia with lewy bodies ( dlb ) is difficult if one relies solely on clinical features . current international consensus criteria for dlb have high specificity but a significant percentage of patients might be misdiagnosed . reasons for clinical uncertainty regard the presence of concomitant moto...
despite pharmacological advances , about 10%30% of patients with schizophrenia exhibit little or no response to antipsychotic medications , and persistent symptoms make it difficult for these patients to re - enter society . clozapine is effective against treatment - resistant schizophrenia ( trs ) and was introduced...
purposewe describe electroencephalography ( eeg ) abnormalities and seizures associated with clozapine treatment in japanese patients with schizophrenia and retrospectively compare eeg results and total positive and negative syndrome scale ( panss [ t ] ) scores before and after treatment.methodstwenty-six patients wit...
patients afflicted with congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type i ( cfeom - i ) usually suffer from a nonprogressive restrictive motility disorder , with or without ptosis , with the eyes usually fixed in an infraducted position.1 both strabismus surgery and ptosis correction are required to achieve an aest...
fibrosis syndromes comprise a rare form of severe limitation of ocular motility . an 11-year - old girl was referred for the correction of eyelid retraction . the eyelid retraction occurred immediately following levator resection surgery performed by a plastic surgeon who missed the restrictive extraocular muscle abn...