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the doctor - patient relationship presupposes confidentiality , privacy , and autonomy while also considering human diversity , customs and beliefs . it is necessary to recognize the limits of medical science along with the limits of human relationships and to respect the freedom of choice and decision - making of bo...
objectivethis research intends to discuss sexual harassment within the doctor - patient relationship based on four parameters : doctor s characteristics , accuser s characteristics , accusation characteristics , and the evaluation by the medicine council of so paulo.methodit is a descriptive , quantitative approach usi...
equality is one of the most frequent words in the social literature of almost all nations . scholars in social field and governments during history have not been oblivious to this concept and even in spite of conflicts ; they have tried to be advocates of equality ( 1 ) . the right to have access to healthcare and ...
background : health inequality monitoring especially in health care financing field is very important . hence , this study tends to assess the inequality in household 's capacity to pay and out - of - pocket health carepaymentsin tehran metropolis . methods : this cross - sectional study was performed in 2013.the...
most cystic fibrosis ( cf ) patients have chronic pulmonary infections and episodic exacerbations requiring intravenous antibiotic therapy . early in the disease , there are only a few case reports showing isolation of nocardia from cf patients , but it did not appear to be pathogenic in this population . we report...
nocardia species is rarely encountered in cystic fibrosis ( cf ) patients . its isolation usually implies colonization . of all other nocardia species , nocardia transvalensis is very unusual and is clinically distinguishable because of its resistance to aminoglycosides , a standard antinocardial therapy . we rep...
radical generation can be triggered exogenously ( e.g. , uv and ionizing radiation ) and endogenously ( e.g. , mitochondrial respiratory chain and immune system ) , . an excess of free radicals due to increased formation or inadequate antioxidant mechanisms is harmful to the organism . because of their unpaired elect...
aim : free radicals , oxidative stress and their possible consequences for health are becoming increasingly important in modern medicine . reactive species influence the organism , potentially causing oxidative cell damage . they can be produced by exogenous sources , or be a product of a variety of not only physio...
between 1986 and 2010 , symptom - limited exercise tolerance tests ( ett ) were performed on more than 20,000 veterans at the veterans affairs medical centers ( vamcs ) in washington , dc , and palo alto , california , as part of routine evaluations or to assess exercise - induced ischemia . this information , along ...
objectiveto assess the association between bmi , fitness , and mortality in african american and caucasian men with type 2 diabetes and to explore racial differences in this association.research design and methodswe used prospective observational data from veterans affairs medical centers in washington , dc , and palo ...
several glaucoma risk factors are known ; however , the literature is occasionally conflicting , suggesting that risk factors may vary depending on glaucoma type and stage . presently , risk factors with strongest evidence for conversion of ocular hypertension ( oh ) to glaucoma , or presence and progression of open ...
purpose . to describe the distribution of ocular variables , risk factors , and disease severity in newly diagnosed ocular hypertension ( oh ) or open - angle glaucoma ( oag ) . methods . eligible subjects underwent a complete history and examination . adjusted odds ratios ( ors ) and 95% confidence intervals ( c...
a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation ( pavm ) is a congenital abnormality , whereby pulmonary arteries and veins directly communicate with each other , resulting in right - to - left shunting and reduced arterial oxygen saturation . if left untreated , a pavm often manifests as hemoptysis , a transient ischemic att...
pulmonary arteriovenous malformations ( pavms ) are often treated by pushable fibered or non - fibered microcoils , using an anchor or scaffold technique or with an amplatzer plug through a guiding sheath . when performing percutaneous transcatheter microcoil embolization , there is a risk of coil migration , particu...
cerebral localization and electroencephalography ( eeg ) have together been two fundamental advances that have been paramount in the diagnosis and management of epilepsy . the clinical observations of broca and jackson and colman , along with the landmark observations of fritsch and hitzig , the electrical excitabi...
temporal lobe epilepsy ( tle ) is the most common form of adult epilepsy that is amenable to surgical treatment . in the carefully selected patient , excellent seizure outcome can be achieved with minimal or no side effects from surgery . this may result in improved psychosocial functioning , achieving higher educa...
screening and management of early stage of diabetes are insured by the family practitioner , while tunisian diabetics with complications are managed by specialists . diabetic nephropathy ( dn ) is the commonest cause of end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) . screening for microalbuminuria ( ma ) is required in primar...
background . using micral - test ( mt ) for screening microalbuminuria ( ma ) among type 2 diabetics ( t2d ) is helpful . we aimed at determining prevalence of ma and at describing the mt validity . methods . we studied 182 t2d followed up in family medicine . two 24-hour urinary quantitative assays of ma had...
the genus candida consists of ascomycete yeast species that lack an apparent sexual ( teleomorph ) stage in their life cycle and seem to reproduce only mitotically . however , data from the c. albicans genome project has recently led researchers to question the asexuality of that species . c. albicans was found to ha...
candida glabrata is a pathogenic yeast of increasing medical concern . it has been regarded as asexual but is more closely related to sexual yeasts than other candida species . it is shown here that the c. glabrata genome contains many genes apparently involved in sexual reproduction .
different studies , conducted among different populations have investigated the relation between psoriasis and metabolism of fats , that is dyslipidemia . by reviewing 19 studies which investigated the relation between psoriasis and dyslipidemia , a meaningful connection between psoriasis and dyslipidemia has been disc...
introduction : psoriasis is a chronic skin ailment , which can be connected with other ailments including dyslipidemia.examinees and methods : research included 70 patients affected by psoriasis . both genders , above 18 years of age . average age of the respondents was 47.14 ( sd= 15.41 ) , which consisted of 36 men...
traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) is a leading cause of death and disability in the us and is associated with substantial socioeconomic burden ( langlois et al . , 2006 ) . the center for disease control estimates that 1.1 million emergency department visits , 275,000 hospitalizations , and 52,000 deaths occur every yea...
traumatic brain injury survivors often experience cognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric symptoms . however , the neurobiological mechanisms underlying specific impairments are not fully understood . advances in neuroimaging techniques ( such as diffusion tensor imaging and functional mri ) have given us new insig...
spinal tuberculosis is endemic in india and is largely diagnosed with noninvasive methods and treated empirically with anti - tubercular drugs as therapeutic diagnosis . though this is not the ideal protocol , in a resource - limited setup , it is the most commonly followed protocol . magnetic resonance imaging ( mri...
background : patients with spinal tuberculosis started on antituberculous treatment ( att ) empirically and showing increasing size of the lesion on follow - up are a treatment challenge . we describe our experience in managing such cases.materials and methods : we treated 80 patients with spinal tuberculosis at our ...
occult hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) is defined by the presence of hbv dna in patient sera in the absence of hbsag . occult hbv has been associated with hepatocellular carcinoma , reactivation during immune suppression , and transmission to others . while the hepatitis b vaccine is very effective at preventing chronic hb...
introduction : occult hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) is defined by the presence of hbv dna in patient sera in the absence of hbsag . occult hbv has been associated with hepatocellular carcinoma , reactivation during immune suppression , and transmission to others . while the hepatitis b vaccine is very effective at prev...
innate immunity and adaptive immunity are two complementary aspects of the immune response , which consists of a complex system of interactions aimed either at the clearance of pathogens or at the elimination of transformed cells . although the two terms , inherited from the biology of the last century , present them...
although nk cells are considered part of the innate immune system , a series of evidences has demonstrated that they possess characteristics typical of the adaptive immune system . these nk adaptive features , in particular their memory - like functions , are discussed from an ontogenetic and evolutionary point of vi...
breast cancer is the second most common cancer of women in the developing world , the incidence being 22.9 per lac population in india in 2008 . . locally advanced breast cancer ( labc ) refers to primary tumor lesion larger than 5 cm in diameter or involving chest wall or skin or fixed axillary nodes ( t3 or t4 with...
introduction : neoadjuvant chemotherapy ( nact ) is an essential part of multi - disciplinary management of locally advanced breast cancer ( labc ) . in this study , we aimed at evaluating the role of tc99m - sestamibi scinti - mammography in assessing response to nact in patients with labc.materials and methods : a to...
sedentary lifestyles are considered a cause of weakening muscles and bones , and increasing body fat in middle - aged people . people show body weight - related decreases in small muscle mass , and weakening of muscle strength in the lumbar region , which ultimately cause musculoskeletal disorders , such as low...
[ purpose ] this study investigated the muscle activity differences of three different lumbar stabilization exercises in a comparison of middle - aged and young women . [ subjects ] seventeen middle - aged women and fifteen young women were enrolled in this study . patients with a history of any neurologic diso...
nomenclature refers to a set of terms used in communication by persons in the same profession that enables them to better understand one another . the comprehension of these terms aids in diagnosing and treating disease and defects of the teeth . the mandibular first molar , the earliest permanent posterior tooth t...
several terminologies have been employed in the dental literature to describe the roots and root canal systems of mandibular molars with no consensus being arrived at , thus far . the anatomical relation of roots and their root canals were identified and a naming system was formulated . the proposed nomenclature atte...
when we launched retraction watch ( http://retractionwatch.com ) in august 2010 , the literature covering the subject was sparse , to say the least . although there were some notable exceptions ( 5 , 22 ) , studies of retractions were as rare as retractions themselves . fast - forward four years , and an increase in ...
the retraction is receiving a growing amount of attention as an important event in scientific and scholarly publishing . not only are some journals becoming increasingly open in their handling of the articles they withdraw allowing researchers to gain important insights into the work of their colleagues but scholar...
trauma has become a major health problem due to industrialization and transportation , especially in developing countries . road traffic accidents are the commonest cause of trauma in the civil population in nigeria . as a result of this , abdominal injuries are one of the common injuries associated with trauma in th...
background : missed or inappropriately - treated splenic injury is a significant cause of preventable trauma - related death . physical examination and abdominal ultrasonography are essential tools for early diagnosis of splenic injury . however , some injuries may not be accurately diagnosed by ultrasonography at in...
the prevalence of intracranial unruptured aneurysm has been reported as 3.2% in the general population21 ) . although previously reported annual rupture rates are low22 ) , preventive treatments are widely accepted and performed . when coil embolization was approved as a treatment for intracranial aneurysm surgical t...
objectivethe objectives of this study was to determine the incidence and outcomes of procedural rupture ( pr ) during coil embolization of unruptured intracranial aneurysm ( uia ) and to explore potential risk factors.methodsthis retrospective study evaluated 1038 patients treated with coil embolization between january...
environmental studies have found that the concentration of traffic - related air pollutants decreases with increased distance from the road . home - road distance has been used as an index of air pollution exposure in various studies . several large cohort studies have indicated that living near a major road is ass...
background : the effects of near - road pollution on lung function in china have not been well studied . we aimed to investigate the effects of long - term exposure to traffic - related air pollution on lung function , airway inflammation , and respiratory symptoms.methods:we enrolled 1003 residents aged 57.96 8.99 ...
the biomaterial mineral trioxide aggregate ( mta ) was approved for endodontic use by the u.s . mta has been shown to promote favorable tissue reactions characterized by the absence of severe inflammation , the presence of a fibrous capsule , and the induction of mineralized repair tissue . mta is highly bi...
some manufacturers have recently added specific components to improve the ease of handling and insertion material properties of mta in order to create mta - based sealers.objective:the aim of this study was to evaluate the healing of periapical lesions in canine teeth after a single session of endodontic treatmen...
ecg abnormalities , especially in the st segments are caused by many reasons such as genetic diseases , cardiac ischemia , and electrolyte disorders 1 . aside these internal reasons , direct mechanical compression to the heart can also induce ecg changes such as brugada - like ecg 2 . as the heart is usually protecte...
key clinical messagethe present case shows that a broad compression of the right ventricle by the reconstructed stomach tube after esophagus cancer surgery induced an abnormal u wave . when facing an abnormal ecg , we should keep in mind of the mechanical compression to the heart as a differential diagnosis .
multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is a neurologic disease with symptoms that affect various organ systems . voice and speech are affected in 44% of patients with ms.1 speech disorders are much more researched than voice disorders . phonatory instability was proved through acoustic voice analysis2 and through electroglottog...
introduction disordered voice quality could be a symptom of multiple sclerosis ( ms ) . the impact of ms on voice - related quality of life is still controversial . objectives the aim of this study was to compare the results of voice self - assessment with the results of expert perceptual assessment in patients w...
. they occur in young patients , middle - aged 31 , and only 3% are females ( epithor , database of the french society of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery ) . they have poor prognosis , especially for the nonseminomatous germ cell tumors ( nsgct ) with primary mediastinal localization . the first one is based on...
the objective is to report the case of a 36 year - old female with a primary mediastinal germ cell tumor mimicking an ectopic pregnancy . the patient under birth control pill presented , at seven weeks of amenorrhea , a -human chorionic gonadotropin ( -hcg ) level of 850 ui and uterine vacuity with left lateral uteri...
heart failure according to the national institute for clinical excellence is a complex clinical syndrome that can result from any structural or functional abnormality that impairs the ability of the heart to fill with or eject blood to support a physiological circulation . it commonly begins with the left heart and u...
backgroundpulmonary hypertension ( ph ) is common in heart failure patients . literature on ph in heart failure is sparse in nigeria . this study was carried out to determine the prevalence of ph in heart failure patients and ascertain the relationship between left ventricular systolic and diastolic function and th...
traditional weight - control treatments , mainly based on dietary restriction and physical activity prescription , identify weight loss as the key component of the intervention 's success . yet , most individuals who lose weight can not sustain the prescribed dietary and/or physical activity changes over time . one p...
the aim of the present study was to assess the impact of a health - at - every - size ( haes ) intervention on psychological variables and body weight the weight - preoccupied overweight / obese women . those women were randomized into three groups ( 1 ) haes , ( 2 ) social support ( ss ) , ( 3 ) waiting - list ( ...
the turn of century has witnessed a remarkable growth in drug discovery , development , and use . new drug delivery technologies are revolutionizing the development and creating r&d - focused pharmaceutical industries to suit the needs of the modern world . the scenario of pharmaceutical research is being steadily ...
lipid - based innovations have achieved new heights during the last few years as an essential component of drug development . the current challenge of drug delivery is liberation of drug agents at the right time in a safe and reproducible manner to a specific target site . a number of novel drug delivery systems ha...
leczenie operacyjne niedrobnokomrkowego raka puca ( ndrp ) i towarzyszcych synchronicznych przerzutw do mzgu jest skuteczniejsze ni inne opcje terapeutyczne , ale postpowanie to nadal pozostaje kontrowersyjne . ocena przey odlegych u chorych operowanych radykalnie z powodu raka puca , u ktrych wczeniej usunito przerz...
introductionthe surgical treatment of non - small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) with synchronous brain matastases is more effective than other therapeutic options , but this management is still controversial.the aim of the studythe aim of the study was to evaluate the survival of patients after pulmonary resection nsclc p...
scoliosis is a 3-dimensional vertebral transformation , accompanied by rotation and lateral deviation of each vertebra1 . scoliosis most often develops in childhood ( at around 10 years of age ) becoming apparent in adolescence , and is reported to deteriorate rapidly2 . an especially fast progression of sco...
[ purpose ] this study aimed to provide a predictable evaluation method for the progression of scoliosis in adolescents based on quick and reliable measurements using the naked eye , such as the calcaneal valgus angle of the foot , which can be performed at public facilities such as schools . [ subjects and met...
unlike primary pancreatic carcinoma , metastatic lesions of the pancreas are uncommon and account for approximately 2% of pancreatic malignancies . at autopsy the pancreas has been found to be a site of metastases in a wide range ( 312% ) of patients with malignant tumours . a variety of extrapancreatic tumours can...
metastatic lesions of the pancreas are uncommon , accounting for approximately 2% of pancreatic malignancies . many tumours involve the pancreas secondarily and may manifest with different clinical and imaging characteristics . although many patients have widespread disease , isolated metastases can be found . su...
the ability to replicate covalently modified or damaged dna and unusual secondary structures in template dna ( i.e. , non - b dna conformations ) is critical to the survival and evolution of all biological systems . highly accurate b - family dna polymerases are the primary means of replicating eukaryotic genomes w...
dna is a chemically reactive molecule that is subject to many different covalent modifications from sources that are both endogenous and exogenous in origin . the inherent instability of dna is a major obstacle to genomic maintenance and contributes in varying degrees to cellular dysfunction and disease in multi - ce...
cervical cancer , whose most strongly associated etiologic agent is the hpv , a sexually transmitted pathogen , is a leading cause of death among women . in 2013 , the national cancer institute estimates that there will be approximately 17,540 new cases of this disease in brazil , occupying the third position among t...
the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus ( hpv ) in a women population living within the state of amazonas , brazil , and to determine the viral genotypes found . the study included 361 sexually active women over 18 years of age . we performed the pap test and the molecular diag...
a 58-year - old male presented with longstanding low back pain with bilateral lower extremity paresthesia and numbness . manual diagnostics revealed multifocal soft tissue tethering of neural structures at cranial , spinal , and peripheral levels . biomechanical compromise of tethered neural components included cau...
focus areas : integrative approaches to care , alleviating painsimilar clinical presentations of low back pain may be caused by diverse pathologies that require different courses of treatment . the effectiveness of integrative manual therapy ( imt ) treatment in low back pain is based on differential diagnosis ascertai...
a 31-year - old female presented with a severely protruding upper sternum combined with depressed lower sternum ( fig . 1a , fig . she did not complain of any cardio - respiratory symptoms , such as dyspnea , palpitation , chest discomfort , or exercise intolerance . her father also had a chest wall deformity with ...
pectus arcuatum is a rare complex chest wall deformity . a 31-year - old female presented with a severely protruding upper sternum combined with a concave lower sternum . we planned a modified ravitch - type operation . through vertical mid - sternal incision , chondrectomies were performed from the second to fifth...
recent population genetic studies have significantly accelerated the evolutionary and functional interrogations of genes and regulatory regions in nematoda ( cutter and choi 2010 ) , drosophila ( begun et al . 2007 ) , mouse ( keane et al . 2011 ) , and human ( international hapmap 3 consortium 2010 ; 1000 genomes pr...
although population genetics studies have significantly accelerated the evolutionary and functional interrogations of genes and regulations , limited polymorphism data are available for rhesus macaque , the model animal closely related to human . here , we report the first genome - wide effort to identify and visualize...
chronic hepatitis b is a serious viral disease , associated with a high risk for developing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma [ 13 ] . worldwide , two billion people have been infected with the virus and about 600,000 people die every year due to the consequences of hepatitis b . hbv is endemic in china ...
despite the success of postexposure prophylaxis ( pep ) of the newborn in preventing mother - to - child transmission of hepatitis b virus ) , in non - us clinical trials , administering hepatitis b immune globulin ( hbig ) to mothers at the end of pregnancy ( in addition to passive - active pep of the newborn ) only p...
recently , various energy harvesting devices have been developed in an attempt to convert ambient vibrations to electrical energy [ 1 , 2 ] . this interest has stemmed from the need to develop autonomous low - powered electronic systems such as wireless sensor networks and safety monitoring systems . for vibration ha...
the use of bistable laminates is a potential approach to realize broadband piezoelectric based energy harvesting systems . in this paper the dynamic response of a piezoelectric material attached to a bistable laminate plate is examined based on the experimental generated voltage time series . the system was subjected...
a reappraisal of the priorities of cardiopulmonary resuscitation by pepe and colleagues calls attention to the evidence that defibrillation may not be the optimal initial intervention . initial precordial compression after more than perhaps 3 minutes of untreated cardiac arrest greatly improves the likelihood of su...
the contribution by pepe and colleagues provides additional evidence that initial defibrillation is not necessarily the optimal intervention for victims of cardiac arrest and especially when cardiac arrest has been untreated for more than 3 min . precordial compression therefore remains the mainstay of basic life sup...
medication error is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients , and it is reported to be the seventh most common cause of death . a medication error can be defined as a failure in the treatment process that leads to , or has the potential to lead to harm the patient . the treatmen...
background and aims : medication error can occur due to fault at any level starting from manufacturing until the administration to the patient . it can be difficult to read the drug name and other information from an ampoule , if there is poor contrast between the font color and background of the ampoule . primary ...
a 97-year - old woman developed decreased vision in her left eye over a period of 4 weeks . past ocular history included uneventful bilateral cataract surgery and bilateral early dry age - related macular degeneration ( amd ) . spectral domain optical coherence tomography ( sd - oct ; cirrus , carl zeiss meditec , ...
vitreomacular traction and vitreomacular traction with macular hole are conditions associated with visual disturbance and decreased visual acuity . recent studies have demonstrated that ocriplasmin is effective and safe in specific patient groups with vitreomacular traction , and hence is recommended as a treatment o...
this paper provides a legal and ethical analysis of some of the implementation challenges encountered by the population therapeutics research group ( ptrg ) at memorial university in newfoundland and labrador , canada . over several years ptrg has developed an innovative genetics research data management environment ...
objectiveto provide a legal and ethical analysis of some of the implementation challenges faced by the population therapeutics research group ( ptrg ) at memorial university ( canada ) , in using genealogical information offered by individuals for its genetics research database.materials and methodsthis paper describes...
spina bifida ( sb ) is a congenital abnormality characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal column . the majority ( > 90% ) of cases are classified as meningomyelocele , in which the spinal cord protrudes through the spinal column , resulting in nerve damage and physical disabilities including lower limb pa...
children and adolescents who have decreased mobility due to spina bifida may be at increased risk for the components of metabolic syndrome , including abdominal obesity , insulin resistance , and dyslipidemia due to low physical activity . like their nondisabled peers , adolescents with spina bifida that develop metabo...
mutagenesis and preparation of rna in vitro transcripts a plasmid encoding adenovirus type 2 ( ad2 ) va rnai was created with a 5-t7 rna polymerase ( t7 rnap ) promoter and 3-hepatitis delta virus ribozyme sequence followed by a drai restriction site for run - off transcription , as described previously ( 27 ) . va r...
adenoviruses use the short noncoding rna transcript virus - associated ( va ) rnai to counteract two critical elements of the host cell defense system , innate cellular immunity and rna interference , mediated by the double - stranded rna - activated protein kinase ( pkr ) and dicer / rna - induced silencing complex , ...
instrumentation of the root canal to create a continuously tapered funnel shape is an important step in root canal therapy . nickel - titanium ( ni ti ) root canal instruments have reduced the problem of canal deviations in curved canals , compared to stainless steel instruments , to a great extent because of their ...
aim : to evaluate the surface alterations seen in four kinds of nickel titanium ( ni ti ) instruments using a scanning electron microscope ( sem ) for five successive uses in preparing root canals of extracted human molars and also to determine whether the design of the instrument influenced the appearance of defects...
insufficient quantities and inadequate quality of complementary foods , poor child feeding practices , and high rates of infections have a detrimental effect on health and growth in children less than 2 years of age . even with optimum breastfeeding , children will become stunted if they do not receive sufficient die...
background . appropriate complementary feeding practice is essential for growth and development of children . this study aimed to assess dietary diversity and meal frequency practice of infants and young children in ethiopia . methods . data collected in the ethiopian demographic and health survey ( edhs ) from d...
odontogenic keratocyst ( okc ) was first introduced in the 1950s to describe keratin containing jaw cysts1 . this cyst is considered an important odontogenic cyst because of its aggressive behavior , high recurrence rate , and specific histopathologic features , and it accounts for about 5 - 15% of all odontogenic cy...
keratocystic odontogenic tumors ( kcot ) - previously termed odontogenic keratocysts ( okc ) - are characterized by aggressive behavior and a high rate of recurrence . histopathologically , the basal layer of kcot shows a higher cell proliferation rate and increased expression of anti - apoptosis genes . clinically...
osteopetrosis ( op ) is a heterogeneous group of rare , inherited disorders of the skeleton that results in neurological manifestations due to restriction of growth of cranial foramina and calvarial thickening . it is a heterogeneous group of osteosclerotic bone dysplasias in which the entire skeleton is unusually de...
we report a case of a 9-month - old arab infant , with novel ostem mutation and unpublished triad of osteopetrosis ( op ) , craniosynostosis ( cs ) , and chiari malformation type i ( cm1 ) . the index presented with progressive irritability , abnormal movements , following an accidental fall . the history revealed ...
as governments , donors , and policymakers strive to find the optimal mix of family planning and hiv prevention interventions for their communities , they can not afford to overlook the female condom . female condoms are the only woman - initiated method of dual protection against sexually transmitted infections and ...
backgroundfemale condoms are the only currently available woman - initiated option that offers dual protection from pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections , including hiv . the woman s condom is a new female condom designed to provide dual protection and to be highly pleasurable and acceptable.objectivewe soug...
alpha - thalassemia ( thal ) is one of the most common hemoglobin genetic abnormalities that caused by reduced or absent production of the alpha globin chains ( 1 ) . clinical manifestation of thal varys from mild microcytic to life - threatening anemia ( 2 ) , thus thalassemia can lead to microcytosis ( 3 ) . th...
background : identification of thalassemia ( thal ) a common cause of microcytosis during neonatal periods is an important step prevent unnecessary interventions . thus , low the mean corpuscular volume ( mcv ) and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin ( mch ) may consider as -thalassemia key detection points . the p...
a fixed combination of an antimicrobial and retinoid is effective in the management of mild to moderate acne . nadifloxacin , an antimicrobial and adapalene , a retinoid have frequently been used separately by dermatologists in the management of acne . a fixed combination of an antimicrobial and retinoid is effecti...
background : a combination of topical retinoid and antibacterial therapy is often advocated for acne to enhance therapeutic efficacy.aims:a preliminary study to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a topical fixed combination of nadifloxacin ( 1% ) and adapalene ( 0.1% ) in the treatment of mild to moderate acne i...
angiomyolipomas ( amls ) are benign mesenchymal tumors that usually involve the kidney and rarely the liver . hepatic amls are composed of varying portions of fat , epithelioid and spindled smooth muscle cells , and thick - walled blood vessels ; these tumors were first described in 1976 by ishak . the liver is the...
we report a rare case of hepatic angiomyolipoma with minimal fat content . the low fat content led to an incorrect preoperative diagnosis . a 38-year - old man who was a carrier of hepatitis b virus infection incidentally presented with a hepatic tumor . his serum alpha - fetoprotein level was normal . ultrasonog...
health with all its dimensions is of human primary needs in such a way that health systems in the world try increasingly to promote their goals in giving health care to sustain a healthy society , and limited and insufficient indicators such as death is replaced by general health indicators such as welfare ( 1 ) . th...
abstractbackgroundit is necessary to identify unidentified or less- concentrated issues in women s health dimension through an extended study . this study is done to identify different dimensions of women s health among qualitative research.methodthe present meta - synthesis study is done through a systematic review ...
optimal postural balance ( pb ) is an important foundation for the individual s ability to perform movement , and constitutes a central element in ensuring adequate movement capabilities . it is no longer considered simply as summation of static reflexes but rather is considered a complex skill based on the int...
[ purpose ] we attempted to determine whether static and dynamic postural control ability fluctuated depending on the influence of the time of day ( 9 am , 1 pm , and 5 pm ) , and at which time point postural balance performance was best in healthy individuals . [ subjects and methods ] twenty - four healthy subj...
end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) is becoming a major public health concern worldwide . in addition , the high cost of treatment for patients with esrd causes a financial burden for health care systems . hence , early recognition and prevention of risk factors for esrd could diminish its social and economic cost ....
abstractinflammation , which initiates endothelial dysfunction , vascular atherosclerosis , and oxidative stress , may negatively influence renal function and accelerate the development of end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) . the role of chronic osteomyelitis ( com ) , a chronic inflammatory disease , in the developm...
glaucoma , the second leading cause of blindness worldwide , is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by apoptotic death of retinal ganglion cells ( rgcs ) and progressive visual field loss [ 1 , 2 ] , which is often associated with high intraocular pressure ( iop ) . whilst the mechanisms of rgc death in glaucom...
dba/2j mouse has been used as a model for spontaneous secondary glaucoma . here , we investigated changes in expression of nmda receptor ( nmdar ) subunits and cdk5/p35/nmdar signaling in retinas of dba/2j mice using western blot technique . the protein levels of nr1 and nr2a subunits in retinas of dba/2j mice at all...
taekwondo is an olympic weight - categorized combat sport in which matches are typically organized in three 2-min rounds with 1-min rest interval between rounds ( world taekwondo federation , 2015 ) , imposing a high physiological demand to the athletes . the main goal of the taekwondo athlete is to score points or t...
this study investigated the prevalence , magnitude , and methods of rap - id weight loss among male and female taekwondo athletes from all competitive levels . a questionnaire was administered to 72 men ( regional / state level , n=31 ; national / international level , n=41 ) and 44 women ( regional / state level , n...
uterine arteriovenous malformations ( avms ) are relatively rare disorders that can cause life - threatening vaginal bleeding . although angiography is the gold standard of diagnosis , color and spectral doppler ultrasonography reveal typical images and are useful ( 1 ) . in the last decade , transarterial emboliza...
uterine arteriovenous malformations ( avms ) are relatively rare disorders that can cause life - threatening vaginal bleeding . we describe three childbearing - age females , who had abdominal pain and heavy vaginal bleeding , and were diagnosed as uterine avm by color doppler and angiography . the patients received ...
excessive menstruation is often incapacitating and expensive to treat and can severely affect a woman 's quality of life both personal as well as social . but today modern gynecology has trended toward conservative therapy both for controlling costs and the desire of many women to preserve their uterus . mirena is ...
introduction : to study the efficacy of levonorgestrel intrauterine system ( lng - ius ; mirena ) in conservative management of abnormal uterine bleeding ( aub).materials and methods : seventy women between 30 and 55 years with aub were included in a study conducted over a period of 3 years . response was assessed mo...
masseter hypertrophy is recognized as an asymptomatic enlargement of one or both masseter muscles . in majority of the cases although numerous factors such as malocclusion , bruxism , clenching , or temporomandibular joint disorders , have been cited , they have not been proven conclusively . the differential diagn...
masseter hypertrophy is a rare condition . it is mostly idiopathic with no known cause . it is recognized as an enlargement of one or both masseter muscles . most patients complain of facial asymmetry ; however , symptoms such as trismus , protrusion , and bruxism may also occur . this article reports a case of...
a 24-year - old male presented to the emergency department with periauricular swelling , erythema , fever , myalgia 's and generalized joint pain . however , he developed facial swelling and a rash and had to discontinue the antibiotic . on physical exam the patient had a large swelling and tenderness in his left p...
septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint ( tmj ) is a rare event that has only been reported a few dozen times worldwide . this case is remarkable for septic arthritis of the tmj joint in an otherwise healthy male.case report : a 24-year - old male presented to the emergency department with periauricular swell...
the necessity of using animals to test whether new chemicals and products are eye irritants has been questioned with increasing frequency and fervor over the last 20 years . during this time many new nonanimal methods have been proposed as reliable alternatives to the traditional rabbit ( draize ) test . to date , ho...
multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is a progressive , chronic , demyelinating , neurodegenerative disease affecting the central nervous system ( cns ) . cognitive impairment ( ci ) in ms patients substantially impacts the lives of the patients and their families . half to three - quarters of people with ms are unemployed wi...
backgroundassessment of cognitive impairment ( ci ) in multiple sclerosis ( ms ) patients is very useful , but it requires time - consuming expert evaluation with specialized materials . the brief international cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis ( bicams ) was created as a brief and specific instrument for t...
the suddenness of its onset , the limitless agony that accompanies it and the mortality attended upon render it one of the most formidable catastrophes . the increased incidence of pancreatitis , coupled with new treatment options , poses a challenge for primary care physicians . over the last 20 years , depending ...
acute pancreatitis is a medical emergency . alcohol and gallstones are the most common etiologies accounting for 60%-75% cases . other important causes include postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedure , abdominal trauma , drug toxicity , various infections , autoimmune , ischemia , and hereditar...
dalk procedure using the big - bubble technique with the visumax femtosecond laser system ( carl zeiss meditec ag , jena , germany ) with a 500-khz repetition rate to treat the moderate to advanced keratoconus was performed in 22 eyes in 19 patients ( 17 males and 2 females ) with the mean age of 22.2 6.6 years ( rang...
purpose : the purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical results after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty ( dalk ) assisted by the femtosecond laser with big - bubble technique for keratoconus.methods:a case series of 22 eyes in 19 patients with keratoconus was enrolled in the study . the 500-khz visumax fem...
astrocyte elevated gene 1 glioblastoma multiforme receptor tyrosine kinase phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase nuclear factor kappa - light - chain - enhancer of activated b cells glioblastoma multiforme ( gbm ) , graded by the world health organization ( who ) as a grade iv malignant glioma , is the most lethal form of gl...
expression of aeg-1 ( also known as mtdh or lyric ) is elevated in many cancers including glioblastoma multiforme ( gbm ) , in which it functions as an oncogene . aeg-1 activates akt signaling and physically interacts with akt2 in gbm . disruption of this interaction reduces glioma cell survival and invasion , unco...
recovering value from the burgeoning mass of genomics and gene expression data now being accumulated is a major task for biologists and computer scientists ( 1 ) . increasing amounts of gene sequence , expressed sequence tag ( est ) , northern blot and microarray data provide fertile ground for the mining of expressi...
drasticdatabase resource for the analysis of signal transduction in cells ( ) has been created as a first step towards a data - based approach for constructing signal transduction pathways . drastic is a relational database of plant expressed sequence tags and genes up- or down - regulated in response to various path...
we have been developing novel procedures and utilizing microscopy - based imaging for many years to elucidate the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease . the techniques have included wide - field light microscopy , fluorescence microscopy , confocal scanning laser microscopy , transmission electron microscopy and im...
cell and molecular imaging has a long and distinguished history . erythrocytes were visualized microscopically by van leeuwenhoek in 1674 , and microscope technology has evolved mightily since the first single - lens instruments , and now incorporates many types that do not use photons of light for image formation . ...
the asmase knockout mice on a c57/bl6 background were the generous gift of edward h. schuman ( icahn medical institute , new york , ny ) . animals were reared under 12l:12d conditions with ambient light intensity ( 150 20 lux ) . mice 10 to 12 weeks of age were used for the experiments . because previous studies h...
purposeacid sphingomyelinase ( asmase ) catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to ceramide and mediates multiple responses involved in inflammatory and apoptotic signaling . however , the role asmase plays in ischemic retinal injury has not been investigated . the purpose of this study was to investigate how red...
research data repositories based on platforms such as dspace were introduced about 10 years ago , and their use in domains such as chemistry and molecular sciences has gradually increased [ 2 , 3 ] . their importance has recently come to the fore with funding agencies in the usa , europe and asia all indicating th...
backgroundthe desirable curation of 158,122 molecular geometries derived from the nci set of reference molecules together with associated properties computed using the mopac semi - empirical quantum mechanical method and originally deposited in 2005 into the cambridge dspace repository as a data collection is reported...
urinary incontinence occurs in 10 - 40% of women , affecting more than two hundred million women worldwide . stress urinary incontinence is the most common form , accounting for about 50% of all types of incontinence . stress urinary incontinence is the involuntary urination resulting from increase in stress , wher...
our objective in this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transurethral cord blood stem cell injection for treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women . between july 2005 and july 2006 , 39 women underwent transurethral umbilical cord blood stem cell injection performed by one operator at a single ...
edge hill virus ( ehv ) is a mosquito - borne flavivirus isolated throughout australia during mosquito surveillance programs . while not posing an immediate threat to the human population , ehv is a taxonomically interesting flavivirus since it remains the only member of the yellow fever virus ( yfv ) sub - group to be...
the maxillofacial trauma involves , in the majority of the cases , a mid facial fracture . according to several studies in the literature the zygomatic complex fractures are the most encountered ones , followed by the fractures of the orbital floor , that can cause severe complications [ 13 ] . correct evaluation of ...
background and aimthis study aims at evaluating the reliability on specific multi - planar cone beam computer tomography ( cbct ) reconstruction in the orbital floor fractures.methodscbct examination of the mid - face fractures area involving the floor of the orbit was performed in a number of 93 trauma patients by two...
in this paper , we develop a new method for endoscopy - mr image fusion of the liver organ for minimally invasive endoscope based surgery . effective image guidance can compensate the restricted perception during the operation , which is considered a major limitation in endoscopic procedures . without image guidance ...
minimally invasive endoscope based abdominal procedures provide potential advantages over conventional open surgery such as reduced trauma , shorter hospital stay , and quick recovery . one major limitation of using this technique is the narrow view of the endoscope and the lack of proper 3d context of the surgical sit...
the aim of malaria management policy is to provide therapeutic guidelines to health workers and efficacious and affordable drugs to health facilities for patients to buy . this policy must be based on proper laboratory diagnosis and treatment of malarial episodes . given the rapid evolution of parasite resistance t...
national malaria management policy is based upon the availability of effective and affordable antimalarial drugs . this study was undertaken to evaluate the quality of the treatment of uncomplicated malaria cases in bangui , an area with multidrug - resistant parasites , at a time preceding implementation of a new th...
the current study was conducted among outpatients attending gastroenterology clinics in one of 4 hospitals in riyadh ; king khalid university hospital ( kkuh ) , king fahad medical city ( kfmc ) , dallah hospital , and dr . sulaiman al - habib arryan hospitals are private hospitals . both adult female and male patien...
objectives : to evaluate the gender - specific difference in the prevalence of depression and anxiety and the help - seeking behavior among gastroenterology outpatients.methods:a cross - sectional study was carried out in gastroenterology clinics in 4 hospitals in riyadh , saudi arabia between february and september 20...
erythropoietin ( epo ) is know as a key - regulator of erythropoiesis stimulating proliferation , differentiation , and survival growth of erythroid precursor resulting in the increased production of red blood cells . in both men and mice exposed to altitude , plasma epo concentration reached a peak after a 24-hour per...
erythropoietin ( epo ) and vascular growth factor ( vegf ) are known to be involved in the regulation of cellular activity when oxygen transport is reduced as in anaemia or hypoxic conditions . because it has been suggested that epo could play a role in skeletal muscle development , regeneration , and angiogenesis , ...
we report on a young ethiopian woman who experienced acute bilateral blindness . in the presence of normal ophthalmological findings a 21 years old woman was admitted to the psychiatry clinic at jimma university specialized hospital , jimma , south west ethiopia . an attitude of accepting the perspective of the pat...
backgroundacute loss of vision needs urgent attention and treatment . we report on a young ethiopian woman who experienced acute bilateral blindness . in the presence of normal ophthalmological findings psychogenic blindness has to be considered.case detailsa 21 years old woman was admitted to the psychiatry clinic...
crohn s disease ( cd ) is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder affecting both small and large intestines . transmural inflammation with noncaseating granulomas , and inflammation - related fibrosis with marked smooth muscle cell ( smc ) proliferation are histological features of this inflammatory bowel disease , and c...
endothelin-1 , a powerful vasoconstrictor , forms the endothelin system together with endothelin - converting enzyme and endothelin type a and type b receptors . these endothelin system components are considered to participate in inflammatory and wound healing responses . previous reports have suggested a role for ...
a large amount of data from literature suggests that a dimensional approach to symptoms domains in schizophrenia is valuable not only in describing clinical picture , but also in predicting outcome in clinical practice , also in the very short term such as during acute hospitalization . the present paper aims to repl...
in the present study we extract clusters of symptoms in acute hospitalized psychotic patients during a re - exacerbation phase , using factor analysis of bprs - e . we aim to investigate the relative contribution of each symptom dimension in predicting the severity of symptoms at discharge , the length of acute hospi...
study area - rj is located in the tropical zone of southeast region of brazil , between 2044-2322 s 4057-4453w ; it has an area of 43,780 km and 92 municipalities with a population of 15,993,583 inhabitants ( ibge 2010 ) . the state is divided into eight administrative regions : coastal plains , south - central...
the lethality of malaria in the extra - amazonian region is more than 70 times higher than in amazonia itself . recently , several studies have shown that autochthonous malaria is not a rare event in the brazilian southeastern states in the atlantic forest biome . information about autochthonous malaria in th...
stanniocalcin-1 ( stc-1 ) , a homodimeric glycoprotein , was originally identified in bony fish and later in other vertebrates 1 . stc-1 acts as a hypocalcemic hormone , which down - regulates the concentration of serum ca 2 . by negatively regulating epithelial calcium channel ( ecac ) gene expression stc-1 is a...
stanniocalcin-1 ( stc-1 ) was first identified to involve in ca2 + homeostasis in teleosts , and was thought to act as a hypocalcemic hormone in vertebrate . recent studies suggested that stc-1 exhibits broad effects on ion balance , not confines to ca2 + , but the mechanism of this regulation process remains largely...
anterior cervical discectomy and fusion ( acdf ) is a widely accepted surgical procedure for the treatment of cervical spinal degenerative disease2,3,12,13 ) . this procedure is used to decompress the spinal cord and nerve roots , stabilize the affected segments , and provide solid arthrodesis . several technical m...
objectiveanterior cervical discectomy and fusion ( acdf ) is often complicated by subsidence , pseudoarthrosis , kyphosis , and graft donor site morbidities . to decrease the occurrence of these complications , various types of cages have been developed . we designed this retrospective study to analyze and compare th...
tubercular involvement of the central nervous system ( cns ) is seen in approximately 0.5 - 2% of all patients having infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis . although most such patients develop tubercular meningitis ( tbm ) , formation of tuberculoma remains the next most common manifestation . cns tuberculomas...
spinal intramedullary tuberculoma ( sit ) is a rare manifestation of neurotuberculosis . concurrent sit and intracranial tuberculoma are further unusual . most of these tuberculomas respond completely to medical therapy , and surgical excision is seldom required . in this report , we describe a 17-year - old boy wh...
there has been a persistent increase in the rate of incidence of breast cancer across many european countries over the last 30 years ( bray et al . , 2004 ; ferlay et al . , although national breast cancer screening initiatives temporarily inflated rates by diagnosing a cohort of patients previously undetected , the...
abstractwe investigate parameter heterogeneity in breast cancer 1year cumulative hospital costs across five european countries as part of the eurohope project . the paper aims to explore whether conditional mean effects provide a suitable representation of the national variation in hospital costs . a cohort of pati...
myxomas are associated with a variety of neurological manifestations , including , less commonly , cerebral aneurysms [ 3 , 4 , 5 ] . up to 50%percnt ; of patients with atrial myxomas initially present with stroke symptoms . the majority of cerebral aneurysms associated with atrial myxomas have been described as fusi...
cerebral aneurysms are well known to be associated with cardiac myxomas . the mechanism of cerebral aneurysm formation remains to be elucidated . embolization of tumor particles in the vessel wall has been proposed as the likely mechanism for aneurysm formation . recent reports suggest interleukin-6 ( il-6 ) may ...
traumatic acute subdural hematoma ( asdh ) is a neurosurgical emergency that requires immediate therapeutic intervention . hematoma evacuation via a craniotomy is indicated in most cases , except for the inoperable patient with irreversible brain stem injuries or if the patient is in a poor general condition . care...
the majority of acute post - traumatic subdural hematomas ( asdh ) require urgent surgical evacuation . spontaneous resolution of asdh has been reported in some cases . we report here on a case of a patient with a large amount of asdh that was rapidly reduced . a 61-yr - old man was found unconscious following a ...
the concept of j wave syndromes was first proposed in 2004 by yan et al.1 ) for a spectrum of electrocardiographic ( ecg ) manifestations of prominent j waves that are associated with a potential to predispose affected individuals to ventricular fibrillation ( vf ) . although the concept of j wave syndromes is widely...
the concept of j wave syndromes was first proposed in 2004 by yan et al for a spectrum of electrocardiographic ( ecg ) manifestations of prominent j waves that are associated with a potential to predispose affected individuals to ventricular fibrillation ( vf ) . although the concept of j wave syndromes is widely use...
this is the first reported case of metastasizing nodular hidradenoma in a child in the medical literature . less than five cases of hidradenoma have been reported in children , none of which were malignant . its malignant counterpart is quite rare ; with only 50 cases reported in adults , and none in children . e...
an 8-year - old girl presented with a scalp swelling . the swelling was recurrent , reappearing everytime after local excision . she underwent surgery and the histopathologic diagnosis was malignant hidradenoma . this very rare and aggressive tumor is known to occur in elderly population and is histopathologicall...
how do we come to know about the mental states ( e.g. , beliefs , or desires ) that are existing in ourselves ? one influential philosophical view suggests that we know about our own current mental states through introspection . descartes argued that we are in doubt about everything except what is happening in our...
the literature on social cognition reports many instances of a phenomenon titled social projection or egocentric bias. these terms indicate egocentric predictions , i.e. , an over - reliance on the self when predicting the cognition , emotion , or behavior of other people . the classic method to diagnose egocentric ...
cancer cells do not resemble normal cells in terms of morphology and metabolic behavior ; under this premise , much effort is invested worldwide in order to develop anticancer therapies that can kill cancer cells without harming normal cells . these therapies attempt to target differentially expressed functional mole...
methyl jasmonate ( mj ) , an oxylipid that induces defense - related mechanisms in plants , has been shown to be active against cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo , without affecting normal cells . here we review most of the described mj activities in an attempt to get an integrated view and better understanding of...
in norway , use of noncombustible tobacco has a long tradition . until 1930 , plug tobacco for chewing after world war ii , the sale of plug tobacco rapidly declined and moist snuff a product not unlike what nowadays is called snus became the most popular smokeless tobacco product . during the period 19101965 , m...
introduction : we examine the prevalence of dual use of snus and cigarettes among norwegian men by categorizing dual use into four categories according to the frequency of use of each product , considering the order of uptake of both products , and examining reasons for additional snus use . we compare dual users and...
stroke is a leading cause of physical functional impairment and one of the principal causes of increased morbidity and mortality in adults1 , 2 . stroke causes secondary neural and muscular changes due to upper motor neuron lesions , which lead to abnormally increased muscle tone and stiffness due to muscle atr...
[ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on muscle tone and muscle stiffness in stroke patients . [ subjects and methods ] the subjects consisted of 15 patients with chronic stroke ( stroke group ) and 15 healthy persons ( healthy...
nida , part of the national institutes of health ( nih ) , has continuously monitored trends of substance use among adolescents through providing funding to monitoring the future ( mtf ) project since 1975 . mtf consists of a series of questionnaires that are administered to adolescents throughout the country in the ...
data from the national institute on drug abuse ( nida ) and the centers for disease control and prevention ( cdc ) reveal high numbers of adolescent substance use in the united states . substance use among adolescents can lead to increased risk of transmission of sexually transmitted infections , vehicular fatalities ,...
all animal procedures were approved by the institutional animal care and use committee at northwestern university and conformed with the guidelines on the use of animals from the national institutes of health and the arvo statement for the use of animals in ophthalmic and vision research . first , c57bl/6j mice ( jac...
purposeelastic light backscattering spectroscopy ( elbs ) has exquisite sensitivity to the ultrastructural properties of tissue and thus has been applied to detect various diseases associated with ultrastructural alterations in their early stages . this study aims to test whether elbs can detect early damage in retin...
to obtain insight on the triggering events responsible for endocytic bdnf secretion by astrocytes , we used astrocyte cultures from p1 - 2 rat cortices , in which basal and stimulated neurotrophin secretion were not detected . astrocytes were incubated with a mixture of precursor and mature bdnf isoforms ( mix ) for ...
abstractwe have recently reported that long - term memory retention requires synaptic glia for probdnf uptake and recycling . through the recycling course , glial cells release endocytic bdnf , a mechanism that is activated in response to glutamate via ampa and mgluri / ii receptors . cortical astrocytes express rece...
a 60-year - old male was referred to the ophthalmology clinic with recurrent uveitis of the right eye and severe corneal edema . he had been diagnosed with anterior uveitis one month previous at a private eye clinic , for which administration of topical 1% prednisolone acetate led to remission . anterior uveitis re...
a 60-year - old male was referred to the ophthalmologic clinic with aggravated anterior uveitis and corneal edema despite the use of topical and systemic steroids . he had undergone cataract surgery in both eyes 15 years previous . slit lamp examinations revealed a retained lens fragment in the inferior angle of th...
protein - tyrosine kinase ( ptk ) activity and tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular protein were initially discovered by hunter and colleagues [ 13 ] ; they analyzed the protein kinase activity associated with the protein complex of polyoma virus middle t antigen and viral src gene product , a cellular counterpart of w...
in sexual reproduction , two gamete cells ( i.e. , egg and sperm ) fuse ( fertilization ) to create a newborn with a genetic identity distinct from those of the parents . in the course of these developmental processes , a variety of signal transduction events occur simultaneously in each of the two gametes , as well ...
intra - radicular posts are used to provide retention for restoration of the coronal structure of endodontically treated teeth [ 17 ] . in the recent years , the fiber reinforced composite ( frc ) posts have become more popular because of their suitable physical characteristics that are similar to tooth structure [ 8...
objectives : an important factor that interferes with the bonding between the root canal wall and resin cement is the root canal sealer remnant . there is controversy about the effect of eugenol - containing sealers on the bond strength between resin cements and fiber post . the aim of this study was to evaluate the ...