Subset (2)

section · 133k rows

Split (3)

train · 120k rows

article stringlengths 0 826k	abstract stringlengths 174 4.34k
low back pain is a very common clinical problem in spine surgery , and about 70% of all people in their lifetime will suffer from low back pain at least once . the pathological process of intervertebral disc degeneration mainly involves dehydration and fibrosis of the nucleus pulposus ( np ) , tearing of the annulus ...	backgrounddegrading enzymes play an important role in the process of disc degeneration . the objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between the expression of high temperature requirement serine protease a1 ( htra1 ) in the nucleus pulposus and the t2 value of the nucleus pulposus region in magneti...
ischemia / reperfusion ( i / r ) injury to the liver is a major complication of hemorrhagic shock , liver resection , and transplantation . although the sequence of events that leads to extent of hepatocellular damage after hepatic i / r is incompletely understood , liver sinusoidal endothelial cells ( lsecs ) may lo...	summarybackgroundthe exact sequence of events leading to ultimate hepatocellular damage following ischemia / reperfusion ( i / r ) is incompletely understood . in this article , we review a mechanism of organ dysfunction after hepatic i / r or immunosuppressive treatment , in addition to the potential of liver sinusoid...
bilateral gluteal compartment syndrome is a rare , but devastating clinical syndrome that results from elevated pressure in confined gluteal space that may complicate rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury ( aki ) . the most common known etiologies leading to gluteal compartment syndrome are crush injury , prolonged ...	bilateral gluteal compartment syndrome is a rare clinical entity that can be complicated by rhabdomyolysis or acute kidney injury ( aki ) . we report the a case of a 30-year - old woman without any comorbid diseases who was diagnosed with bilateral gluteal compartment syndrome complicated by rhabdomyolysis and dialys...
an essential objective of genome - scale sequencing and functional genomics is to improve on the paucity of associations between genetic variations and human diseases or other phenotypic traits ( such as birth weight ) and the impact of epigenetic modifications . from these upstream genetic causes , the ultimate goal...	objectivethousands of complex - disease single - nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) have been discovered in genome - wide association studies ( gwas ) . however , these intragenic snps have not been collectively mined to unveil the genetic architecture between complex clinical traits . the authors hypothesize that b...
ecologists and biologists measure the biological diversity of a given region or site for several reasons but usually to study the ecological and evolutionary processes and to analyze changes in diversity , similarity , and dominance of species in a time scale . although extensively used in community ecological studie...	this paper presents a study based on ecological parameters represented by diversity and richness indices applied in a community of mosquitoes ( diptera : culicidae ) , at the national forest of caxiuan , melgao municipality , state of par , in the brazilian amazon . a total of 25,433 specimens of culicids were collec...
aldosterone system is activated in patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) , increasing the risk of cardiovascular events1 and accelerating the transition to end - stage renal failure , in addition to being closely associated with hypertension.2,3 therefore , strict blood pressure ( bp ) control and treatment of u...	backgroundthe effects of olmesartan ( olm ) on blood pressure and kidney function in japanese patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) were compared between 20 mg twice daily ( bid ) and 40 mg once daily ( qd ) treatments.methodsthe subjects were japanese ckd patients with concurrent hypertension who had been treat...
the streptococcus pyogenes ( lancefield group a streptococcus)-derived streptococcin a - ff22 ( sa - ff22 ) was the first of the streptococcal bacteriocins to be isolated and then characterized both chemically [ 2 , 3 ] and genetically [ 4 , 5 ] . prior to its complete characterization , it was already apparent tha...	salivaricin g32 , a 2667 da novel member of the sa - ff22 cluster of lantibiotics , has been purified and characterized from streptococcus salivarius strain g32 . the inhibitory peptide differs from the streptococcus pyogenes produced sa - ff22 in the absence of lysine in position 2 . the salivaricin g32 locus wa...
	the importance of cytochrome p450 isoforms to species differences in the metabolism of foreign compounds and activation of procarcinogens has been identified . the possible range of p450 isozymes in significant variations in toxicity exhibited by experimental rodent species may have a relevance to chemical risk asses...
understanding metabolic activity from the underlying genotype is one of the most addressed problems in computational biology . of particular interest is the issue of the identification of the reactions that are indispensable for an organism to survive , grow or perform a specific function in a given growth medium or ...	characterizing the capabilities , key dependencies , and response to perturbations of genome - scale metabolic networks is a basic problem with important applications . a key question concerns the identification of the potentially most harmful reaction knockouts . the integration of combinatorial methods with sam...
preoperative chemoradiotherapy ( crt ) followed by radical surgery is widely accepted as the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer . the theoretical advantages of preoperative crt include improved compliance with the crt regimen , if it is administered prior to radical surgery , a well - defined tumor...	purposethis study was designed to investigate the long - term oncologic outcomes for locally advanced rectal cancer patients after treatment with preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by total mesorectal excision , and to identify prognostic factors that affect survival and pathologic response.materials an...
the use of glucocorticoids in the management of patients with sepsis remains controversial . in this issue of critical care forum , the dispute regarding steroid use in sepsis touches on the most basic aspects of glucocorticoid action . trials performed in the 1970s and 1980s indicated that pharmacologic doses were...	glucocorticoid use in sepsis is controversial . in contrast to other extracellular signaling molecules , glucocorticoid receptors ( grs ) are intra - cytoplasmic . several gr isoforms have been identified . a study in critical care forum suggests that sepsis alters the abundance of the dominant negative gr. here we...
mild traumatic brain injury ( mtbi ) is common among military personnel and veterans who served in operations iraqi freedom and enduring freedom ( oif / oef ) . among soldiers deployed in oif , 22.8% had traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) , predominantly mtbi . while there is a general opinion that the prevalence of post -...	the setting of the trauma is a distinguishing feature between mild traumatic brain injury ( mtbi ; also called concussion ) that occurs in civilian settings compared with that occurring in combat . combat mtbi is frequently associated with a prolonged stress reaction , post - traumatic stress disorder ( ptsd ) . in...
anorexia nervosa ( an ) is characterized by a decrease in caloric intake , weight loss , amenorrhea and behavioral changes . according to morris and twaddle,1 ) eighty percent of an patients have cardiovascular complications , such as bradycardia , hypotension , arrhythmia and repolarization abnormalities , and ten p...	stress - induced cardiomyopathy is a unique reversible cardiovascular disease precipitated by acute emotional or physical stress . it is associated with a high prevalence of chronic anxiety disorder that precedes the onset of cardiomyopathy , as well as comorbid cardiovascular risk factors that are similar to the st ...
higher education has been and continues to be one of the most important priorities in the kingdom of saudi arabia for the past 100 years . this has led to the establishment of more than 10 universities nationwide . as a result , significant development has occurred in the natural sciences , social sciences and the ...	medical education has been and continues to be a priority in the kingdom of saudi arabia since the establishment of the first medical school more than 30 years ago . as the kingdom moves into the new millennium through its 100th birthday , several issues pertaining to medical education are noted . these include sel...
cystinosis is a metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the ctns gene , encoding the lysosomal cystine carrier cystinosin . the disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive trait and has an incidence of one case in every 100,000 to 200,000 live births . most children present during the first year of life with g...	backgroundcystinosis is characterized by intralysosomal cystine accumulation , causing end stage renal disease around 10 years of age if not treated with cysteamine . cystine accumulation in blood vessels might increase atheroma formation or arterial stiffness and therefore increase the risk for cardiovascular disea...
the seminal discovery of adult brain plasticity in animals and humans has hugely influenced the theories and concepts applied in neurorehabilitation research and their translation into practice , in particular with regards to movement deficits in acquired brain injury [ 1 , 2 ] . this work directly translated into ne...	functional reorganization forms the critical mechanism for the recovery of function after brain damage . these processes are driven by inherent changes within the central nervous system ( cns ) triggered by the insult and further depend on the neural input the recovering system is processing . therefore these proce...
tversky and collaborators were among the first to show that the spontaneous spatial positioning of temporally ordered events follows the direction of reading / writing . also overlearned sequences of items , either temporally characterized ( days of the week ) or nontemporally characterized ( letters of the alphabe...	recent research has led to the hypothesis that events which unfold in time might be spatially represented in a left - to - right fashion , resembling writing direction . here we studied fourteen right - hemisphere damaged patients , with or without neglect , a disorder of spatial awareness affecting contralesional ( ...
polyorchidism is an extremely rare congenital anomaly of the urogenital system which refers to the presence of more than two testicles . there have been 178 reports ( 198 cases ) of polyorchidism in the english literature till date . majority of patients are asymptomatic however some may present as painless inguina...	polyorchidism is an extremely rare congenital anomaly which refers to the presence of more than two testicles . there are very few reports of triorchidism in a 2 year old child . polyorchidism is usually discovered incidentally . the most common anomalies associated with polyorchidism are inguinal hernia ( 30% ) ...
laparoscopic surgery has distinct advantages over open surgery in terms of less pain , early ambulation , rapid convalescence and better cosmesis . these advantages are present both for upper abdominal surgery like donor nephrectomy and also for lower abdominal surgery like hernia repair.[15 ] in the scenario of kidn...	laparoscopic donor nephrectomy is well establish procedure and having advantages over open donor nephrectomy in terms of having less pain , early ambulation and rapid post operative recovery . to extend the advantages of laparoscopic surgery to the recipient , recently we have performed laparoscopic kidney transplant...
bronchobiliary fistula ( bbf ) is defined as an abnormal communication between the biliary tree and the bronchial tract . it is a rare complication that may appear in the natural history of liver hydatid disease or after its surgical treatment [ 1 , 2 ] , trauma , congenital malformation [ 46 ] , tumor , surgery [ 81...	background . biliobronchial fistula ( bbf ) is a rare complication in the natural history of liver hydatid disease by echinococcus granulosus . we present a case of bbf after resection of a giant liver hydatid cyst in a 72-year - old woman . case report . a total cystpericystectomy was done , leav...
infantile hemangiomas ( ih ) are benign tumors in the pediatric population with an incidence of up to 10% . they are usually not present at birth but undergo a rapid proliferation within the first weeks of life . this is followed by the plateau stage and then a slow involution of the lesion such that 60% of 4-year ...	infantile hemangiomas are common benign tumours of infancy affecting up to 10% of children . they are typically not present at birth but undergo a rapid proliferation stage and then plateau in growth before resolving spontaneously . recently , beta - blockers have been favoured over systemic corticosteroids for tre...
this disorder affects the sexual response cycle and creates stresses and interpersonal problems including lack of sexual desire , hatred of sex , sexual arousal disorder , and orgasmic disorder . in iran , according to a national survey conducted in 2005 , 31.15% of women had sexual dysfunction . there are a lot of c...	background : sexuality is a basic and important factor in human experiences , which varies among different types of cancers . this study was carried out with the aim of defining the relationship between sexual dysfunction and related factors in genital and breast cancers.materials and methods : this cross - sectional...
trunk stability is an essential element in the prevention of low back pain , because it prevents a compensatory movement in the lumbar region and reduces load on to the lower back1 , 2 . in particular , the ability to control the trunk muscles is highly important for the protection of facet joints or interverte...	[ purpose ] the objective of this study was to compare the effects of flexi - bar training and general lumbar stabilization training on muscle activity and fatigue . [ methods ] twenty normal persons participated in this study . after warm up and a maximum voluntary isomeric contraction ( mvic ) test , particip...
fibrous dysplasia is a genetic , non - inheritable bone disease due to activating mutations of subunit of stimulatory g - protein ( gs ) resulting in defective osteoblast differentiation . when associated with endocrine dysfunction and/or caf - au - lait spots it is termed as mccune - albright syndrome ( mas ) . t...	polyostotic fibrous dysplasia is a rare non - inheritable genetic disease due to mutation in gnas gene . here we present two adults who were accidentally detected lytic lesions in spine and after extensive evaluation for malignancies ; was diagnosed on biopsy . current concept of the disease and management is discu...
cardiovascular diseases ( cvd ) are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in many countries . according to the world health organization ( who ) , cardiovascular diseases account for 16.7 million deaths per year ( 1 ) . atherosclerosis is a condition in which an artery wall thickens as a result of the incr...	objective(s):atherosclerosis is the main leading cause of cardiovascular diseases . the purpose of this study was to assess the potential preventive effect of egg yolk hdl on the atherosclerosis plaque formation.materials and methods : thirty rabbits were divided into five groups : a ; normal diet , b ; hyper - chole...
rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome of injury of skeletal muscles first described in 1941 by beall , in a victim of the london bombing ( 1 ) . the injury of a skeletal muscles fibers is followed by release of myoglobin , creatine phosphokinase ( ck ) and lactate dehydrogenase , which are most important biochemical markers t...	introduction : rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome of injury of skeletal muscles associated with myoglobinuria , muscle weakness , electrolyte imbalance and often , acute kidney injury as severe complication.the aim : of this study is to detect the incidence of rhabdomyolysis in critically ill patients in the surgical intensi...
pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram - negative , nonfermentative , aerobic bacillus belonging to the family pseudomonadaceae . the organism is ubiquitous within the environment and is particularly isolated from moist areas such as water and soil . p. aeruginosa causes chronic respiratory infections in people with cyst...	prior to modern typing methods , cross - infection of p. aeruginosa between people with cystic fibrosis ( cf ) was felt to be rare . recently a number of studies have demonstrated the presence of clonal strains of p. aeruginosa infecting people with cf . the aim of this study was to determine whether strains of p. ae...
bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria that deserve considerable interest for their use as natural and nontoxic food preservatives as well as for their potential use in human and veterinary applications , and in the animal production field . in 1976 tagg et al . defined b...	the aim of this research was to purify and characterize the mode of action of enterocin s37 , a bacteriocin produced by enterococcus faecalis s37 , a strain recently isolated from the chicken feces . enterocin s37 has a molecular weight comprised between 4 and 5 kda . it remained active after 1 h at 80oc and at p...
high - yielding dairy cows have to face immense metabolic challenges throughout the gestation - lactation cycles in their productive lives . the metabolism of dairy cows experiences tremendous alterations around parturition , which involve complex control and feedback regulations of reproductive hormones , of insulin...	backgroundcortisol is secreted into blood in reaction to acute stress , but also in phases of diminished feed intake and changed animal behavior . as cows do not always show clear signs of discomfort , reliable diagnostic markers could be used to provide information regarding individual cows distress . the objectiv...
antibiotic resistance is a critical public health problem around the world , especially the spread of multi - drug - resistant organisms ( mdro ) , and has led to increased infected patient mortality . the number of reported cases of mdro nearly quadrupled in the past decade and the world health organization has decl...	backgroundthe increase in the amount of extended spectrum beta - lactamases ( esbl)-producing gram - negative bacteria is seriously threatening human health in recent years . therefore , it is necessary to develop a rapid and reliable method for identification of esbls . the purpose of this study was to establish a...
neck surgery is one of the newest and most interesting application of minimally invasive surgery technique in thyroid surgery , particularly with regard to eliminating the unattractive scars [ 1 , 2 ] . it is well known that conventional thyroidectomy allows for prompt postoperative recovery . in some clinical settin...	background . we reported our two initial experiences in the treatment of thyroid disease with endoscopic thyroidectomy . minimally invasive video - assisted technique ( mivat ) was initially introduced by miccoli . the modification was made by using axillary and breast technique . method . two young women pat...
twelve patients ( four women and eight men , median age : 60 , age range : 54 to 78 years ) that had acute hemispheric stroke presenting within six hours from the onset of symptoms were prospectively recruited as study subjects at our stroke center from 1999 to 2001 . the inclusion criteria were as follows : 1 ) the ...	objectivethe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the diffusion and perfusion parameters in hyperacute infarction , and we wanted to determine the viability threshold for the ischemic penumbra using diffusion- and perfusion - weighted imaging ( dwi and pwi , respectively).materials and methodsb...
the patient was a 68-year - old man with a history of type ii diabetes mellitus , peripheral neuropathy , hypertension , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on home oxygen , bipolar depression , and gastroesophageal reflux who presented with shortness of breath and cough for 2 weeks . he had noted a decrease in exe...	we report a case of hypokalemia resulting from colonic pseudo - obstruction or ogilvie 's syndrome . colonic pseudo - obstruction is characterized by profuse watery diarrhea that has a low sodium and high potassium concentration . it is seen in a variety of medical and surgical conditions , but its exact cause rema...
health - care workers ( hcws ) are at increased risk of acquiring infections with blood borne pathogens because of occupational exposure to blood and other body fluids . the human immunodefienciency virus ( hiv ) the incidence of all injuries with potential to transmit these infections varies between occupational gro...	background : to determine the level of awareness and knowledge of hiv postexposure prophylaxis ( hiv pep ) and determinants of adequate knowledge among family physicians in nigeria.materials and methods : this was a cross - sectional questionnaire - based survey conducted among 175 family physicians at two national con...
melanoma causes almost 80% of all skin cancer deaths and its incidence is increasing worldwide 1,2 . in spain , both melanoma incidence ( 5.2 cases per 100 000 inhabitants / year ) and lethality are increasing 3,4 . little has changed in the last 20 years in the adjuvant treatment of completely resected melanoma . ...	adjuvant interferon-2b ( ifn-2b ) has been studied extensively in clinical trials , but there have been few studies of real - world use . the aim of this study is to describe the ifn-2b real - world patterns in patients with high - risk melanoma in spain . this was a retrospective and multicentre chart review study o...
stroke is one of the leading causes of death and physical disability among adults , with one - quarter to half of stroke survivors being left with complete or partial dependence on others . stem cell therapy is an emerging paradigm in the field of stroke treatment , and is considered a potential regenerative strategy...	stem cell therapy is considered a potential regenerative strategy for patients with neurologic deficits . studies involving animal models of ischemic stroke have shown that stem cells transplanted into the brain can lead to functional improvement . with current advances in the understanding regarding the effects of i...
helicobacter pylori ( hp ) infections are very common worldwide , affecting approximately 50% of the world 's population , and are more common especially in developing countries . although the findings of various studies are inconsistent , the presence of h. pylori is found to be higher in diabetic patients compared ...	helicobacter pylori infection and diabetes mellitus are two independent common diseases . it is showed that the worsening glycemic and metabolic control increases the rates of helicobacter pylori infections and helicobacter pylori is shown as one of the common problems in diabetic patients with complaints of gastroin...
lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide in both men and women , accounting for 1.2 million deaths per year . despite recent advances in surgery , irradiation , and chemotherapy , immunotherapy is an attractive candidate because the generation of specific antitumor immune responses through the i...	lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer - related deaths worldwide . although treatment methods in surgery , irradiation , and chemotherapy have improved , prognosis remains unsatisfactory and developing new therapeutic strategies is still an urgent demand . immunotherapy is a novel therapeutic approach wherein ...
giant cell arteritis ( gca ) , known as temporal arteritis or horton s disease is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology and pathogenesis , which typically occurs in patients older than 60 years.1 the typical ophthalmic symptom is sudden vision loss in one or both eyes . in the majority of cases the diagnosis of gca...	purpose : to report three cases of posterior vasculitis associated with subacute giant cell arteritis ( gca).methods : three patients with decreased vision underwent complete ophthalmologic examination and fluorescein angiography.results:all patients presented posterior vasculitis . patient 1 had an erythrocyte sedim...
chronic inflammation , in which large amounts of reactive oxygen / nitrogen species ( ros / rns ) and cytokines are produced , is a well - recognized cause of cancer . epidemiologic and animal studies have indicated chronic inflammation including urinary tract infections to be involved in the development of bladder c...	inflammation may activate stem cells via prostaglandin e2 ( pge2 ) production mediated by cyclooxygenase-2 ( cox-2 ) expression . we performed an immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of stemness markers ( oct3/4 and cd44v6 ) and cox-2 in urinary bladder tissues obtained from cystitis and cancer patients wit...
hydrogen - bonded organic pigments are industrially applied in the form of microcrystalline powders to colorize textiles , food , cosmetics , plastics , or cars . an example of such a pigment is natural indigo , which is known since ancient times and is still the most mass - produced colorant worldwide . ...	organic pigments such as indigos , quinacridones , and phthalocyanines are widely produced industrially as colorants for everyday products as various as cosmetics and printing inks . herein we introduce a general procedure to transform commercially available insoluble microcrystalline pigment powders into c...
skin diseases are a major health problem affecting a high proportion of the population in india . skin diseases can place a heavy emotional and psychological burden on patients that may be far worse than the physical impact . increased consciousness especially among the youth of their body and beauty further aggrav...	introduction : skin diseases are a common problem among young adults . there is paucity of data about it among medical students . this study aimed to find out the pattern of skin disorders and to describe their association with various socio - demographic factors among medical students.materials and methods : this ...
the bone tissue forms cartilages and the skeletal system , supports and adheres muscles with its mechanical functions , protects organic system and bone marrows and preserve them to maintain the homeostasis of calcium and phosphoric ions . the bone tissue consists of various cells including collagen , cytoplasmic mat...	objectiveosteoclasts are bone - resorbing multinucleated cells derived from the monocyte / macrophage lineage during normal and pathological bone turnover . recently , several studies revealed that alpha - tocopheryl succinate ( tp - suc ) have demonstrated potent anti - cancer activities in vitro and in vivo . how...
central and peripheral nervous system disorders associated with paraneoplastic antibodies are relatively common oncological phenomena but occur in only 0.51% of the patients with renal cell carcinoma ( rcc ) . in the peripheral nervous system , paraneoplastic antibodies have been associated with impairment along the ...	neurologic symptoms secondary to a paraneoplastic syndrome may be the presenting manifestation of a previously undiagnosed cancer , and alertness to these syndromes may provide an opportunity for early detection and treatment of a cancer . paraneoplastic weakness is a rare manifestation of renal cell carcinoma and ma...
study noh306 was a phase 3 , multicenter , randomized , placebo - controlled , double - blind , parallel - group trial ( clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct01176240 ) . patients were randomized 1:1 in a double - blind fashion to droxidopa or placebo titration ( up to 2 weeks ) , followed by 8 weeks of maintenance tre...	objectivesdroxidopa is a prodrug of norepinephrine indicated for the treatment of orthostatic dizziness , lightheadedness , or the feeling that you are about to black out in adult patients with symptomatic neurogenic orthostatic hypotension caused by primary autonomic failure including parkinson disease ( pd ) . th...
the extension of a renal staghorn stone could be into a few calyces or it may involve all the calyces . the standard of care for renal staghorn stones is percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( pcnl ) monotherapy . the distribution of staghorn stone burden in the pelvi calyceal system ( pcs ) is an important determinant of t...	introduction : the majority of staghorn classifications do not incorporate volumetric stone burden assessment . accurate volumetric data can easily be acquired with the ever - increasingly available computerized tomography ( ct ) scan . this manuscript reviews the available staghorn stone classifications and rationaliz...
the etiology of aga involves several factors , including genetics , androgens , age and nutrition . some evidence suggests that the digit - length ratio of the index and ring finger ( 2d:4d ) is an indicator of prenatal exposure to sex hormones , with a lower 2d:4d being suggestive of a greater androgen exposure . ...	the etiology of androgenic alopecia ( aga ) involves several factors , including genetics , androgens , age and nutrition . digit - length ratio of the index and ring finger ( 2d:4d ) is an indicator of prenatal exposure to sex hormones . there is a paucity of studies that systemically review the possible positive ...
female genital mutilation ( fgm ) refers to all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external genitalia or other injury to the genital organs , for non - medical reasons . according to the who classification , there are four types of fgm : type i , partial or total removal of the clitoris and/or the p...	we report a case of an inclusion cyst , resulting from female genital mutilation ( fgm ) , which enlarged to such a degree that it restricted the patient 's movement . this report aims to raise the awareness of the medical community to the dangers that arise from a common remote complication of fgm .
good glycemic control is associated with beneficial outcomes in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus ( t1 dm ) , but it has always been a challenge . the diabetes control and complications trial ( dcct ) and the follow - up epidemiology of diabetes intervention and complications study ( edic ) confirmed that intens...	aims . to determine whether multiple daily injections ( mdis ) or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion ( csii ) contributes to better glucose control in children with different type 1 diabetes duration . methods . subjects were grouped according to early ( 1 year after disease onset ; 1a ) or late ( 13 years af...
recent epidemiological studies indicate that office workers often experience neck and shoulder pain1 , 2 . although workers with these types of work - related musculoskeletal disorders ( wrmsds ) recover with time through rest , the rate of reoccurrence is as high as 60%2 , 3 . the causes of neck pain include...	[ purpose ] the purpose of present study was to develop an exercise device for assisting neck retraction exercise and to investigate its effectiveness . [ subjects ] fifteen male subjects were recruited . [ methods ] the subjects performed the neck retraction exercises with and without assistive device for neck...
discovery of an indeterminate pulmonary nodule mandates prompt , expedient evaluation by the primary care physician or specialist . unless the nodule is known to be a long - standing , stable finding from previous radiographic studies , accurate tissue diagnosis is needed to guide the patient 's further therapy . dia...	management of an indeterminate pulmonary nodule is a diagnostic challenge that commonly confronts primary care physicians and specialists . patients often present with this radiographic finding in the course of an unrelated medical evaluation . we examined our institution 's experience with percutaneous biopsy of lun...
between february 1998 and march 2001 , a total of 286 consecutive patients with histopathologically proven rectal adenocarcinoma underwent preoperative mr imaging for the local staging of tumors , as well as for the detection of hepatic metastases . one investigator ( j.s.l . ) reviewed all the pertinent imaging repo...	objectiveto assess the follow - up results after negative findings on unenhanced hepatic mr imaging in rectal cancer patients who have undergone locally curative surgery.materials and methodsfrom all pertinent imaging reports and medical records , we selected 255 patients who had negative results on unenhanced hepatic ...
mental health is an ignored subject in the field of medicine and in the area of public health , and less 1% health budget is spent on mental health problems in developing countries ( 1 ) . this neglect accounts for students lack of interest in psychiatry and fewer medical students consider psychiatry as a career choi...	the objectives of this study were to determine the characteristics of medical students and graduates interested in choosing psychiatry as a career and the obstacles in choosing this field of medicine . two private and two public medical institutes were surveyed from june 2007 to august 2007 . a self - administered ...
rna / dna aptamers , which are specific for a broad spectrum of targets , can be artificially created by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment ( selex ) methods [ 1 , 2 ] . large - scale chemical synthesis of rna / dna aptamers is possible , and synthesizing them is less expensive than producing a...	specific binders comprised of nucleic acids , that is , rna / dna aptamers , are attractive functional biopolymers owing to their potential broad application in medicine , food hygiene , environmental analysis , and biological research . despite the large number of reports on selection of natural dna / rna aptamers , t...
it is well established that stroke survivors have low levels of physical fitness and muscle strength that impact on their ability to perform everyday activities and affect their independence and community participation . physical inactivity after stroke has many negative sequelae that may impact upon potential reorgani...	it is becoming increasingly clear that , if reorganization of brain function is to be optimal after stroke , there needs to be a reorganisation of the methods used in physical rehabilitation and the time spent in specific task practice , strength and endurance training , and aerobic exercise . frequency and intensity...
a fundamental property of any substance is its heat capacity ( cp ) and its measurement is required for various investigations in physics , chemistry , material research and earth sciences . dating back to the early 1900s , the standard and most accurate method for measuring low - temperature heat capacities is low -...	highlights a method for low - temperature heat capacity measurements on powders is presented . the method is based on combined ppms and dsc measurements . it allows entropy determinations on powders with an accuracy of better than 1% . the sample is not mixed with apiezon n grease during measurement . this is u...
inflammatory bowel disease ( ibd ) includes a heterogeneous group of immunologically mediated inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract ( git ) with or without extraintestinal manifestations . major members of this group are crohn 's disease ( cd ) and ulcerative colitis ( uc ) . crohn 's disease can di...	background & aims : inflammatory bowel disease is thought to be rare in libya . the aim is to determine the prevalence of juvenile onset inflammatory bowel disease in libya . setting : al - fateh childrens ' hospital , benghazi , libya . methods : this is a retrospective study of all cases diagnosed over 10 years (...
taiwan 's health department reported that cerebrovascular disease remained the top 3 leading causes of death in recent 10 years . among the stroke population , af - related ischemic strokes are generally more disabling and more often fatal than other ischemic stroke subtypes , thus represents a major healthcare burde...	abstractguidelines recommended oral anticoagulant ( oac ) for ischemic stroke patients related to atrial fibrillation ( af ) . but , underprescription or underdose of warfarin was observed worldwide . we aimed to explore if the use of antithrombotic therapy in nonvalvular af ( nvaf ) ischemic stroke patients improv...
it is critical to treat perianal abscess with a proper selection of antibiotics as well as surgical drainage . along with these treatments various aerobic / anaerobic strains might be responsible for perianal abscess . according to a recent study in taiwan , escherichia coli was the major pathogen responsible for per...	klebsiella pneumoniae ( k. pneumoniae ) can at times cause invasive infections , especially in patients with diabetes mellitus and a history of alcohol abuse . a 61-year - old man with diabetes mellitus and a history of alcohol abuse presented with abdominal and anal pain for two weeks . after admission , he underwen...
	critical protein protein interactions are ubiquitous in biology . to provide a new method to detect these interactions , we designed and synthesized fluorinated bromopyronins as molecular probes . these electrophilic compounds rapidly react with amines via a snar mechanism to form modestly electrophilic amin...
heat exposure in the working environments is an important part of occupational health that often ignored ( 1 , 2 ) . exposure to heat can cause many adverse health effects such as death due to heat stroke , damage to major organs , and physiological functions ( 3 ) . the people living in the big cities feel more he...	background : the workers who are working in the open and warm environments are at risk of health effects of climate and heat changes . it is expected that the risk is increase with global warming . this study aimed to investigate the changes of wet bulb globe temperature ( wbgt ) index in the past and to predict th...
neuromyelitis optica ( nmo ) was described by eugne devic in 1894 and it is known since then as devic s nmo ( devic s disease ) . it is uncommon heterogeneous inflammatory demyelinating neuro - immunological disease of the central nervous system ( cns ) that can occur idiopathically or in conjunction with other syste...	neuromyelitis optica ( nmo ) is usually a relapsing demyelinating disease of the central nervous system associated with optic neuritis , transverse myelitis involving three or more contiguous spinal cord segments , and seropositivity for nmo - igg antibody . nmo is often mistaken for multiple sclerosis and there are ...
the efficacy and safety of drotrecogin alfa activated ( drotaa ) ( recombinant human activated protein c ) was assessed in children with severe sepsis in the researching severe sepsis and organ dysfunction in children : a global perspective ( resolve ) study . in this double - blind , randomised , placebo - controlle...	the researching severe sepsis and organ dysfunction in children : a global perspective study of drotrecogin alfa activated versus placebo was the largest study of adjunctive therapy ever performed in children with severe sepsis . despite this , the study failed to show any significant differences in outcome between t...
earlier studies have shown that negative emotions precede heart attacks and that depression is a risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease . a 21 year follow - up study by barefoot et al . the thickness of the common carotid artery intima - media ( imt ) measured by ultrasound is a marker of preclinic...	aim : the aim of the study was to assess the relationship of depression with carotid intima media thickness and augmentation index in asian indians.research design and methods : for this study , 1505 subjects were randomly selected from a population based study conducted in chennai , south india . right common caroti...
percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ) is commonly used in patients with coronary heart disease ( chd ) for revascularizing culprit vessels and for restoring myocardial blood supply . however , myocardial infarction ( mi ) during coronary intervention occurs in 1040% of cases and is often associated with even wor...	peri - procedural myocardial injury , which is associated with worse long - term clinical outcome , is a common complication related to inflammatory pathogenetic mechanisms . monocytes and macrophages play key roles in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis . recent studies have demonstrated that monocyt...
psoriasis is a common skin disorder of major economic burden that is associated with a series of comorbidities . the typical lesions of psoriasis are raised erythematous scaly plaques whose edges are sharply marginated . lesions tend to be circular or oval , but occasionally exhibit circinate and geographic outline...	in some patients , psoriasis appears refractory to many treatments , particularly when the disease is confined to some specific body regions . in this respect , palmoplantar psoriasis and palmoplantar pustulosis are possibly related conditions in their immunopathomechanisms involving il-12 , il-23 , and th17 . nail...
gorlin - goltz syndrome also known as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome was first reported in 1894 but delineated by gorlin and goltz in 1960 , as a classical triad composed of multiple basal cell carcinoma , keratocystic odontogenic tumors in the jaws and bifid ribs . a spectrum of other neurological , ophthalmic...	gorlin - goltz syndrome is a rare multisystemic disease inherited in a dominant autosomal at a high level of penetrance and variable expressiveness . it is mainly characterized by basal cell carcinoma , odontogenic keratocyst and skeletal anomalies . diagnosis is based upon established major and minor clinical and ...
we set up a double - blind , randomised study that administered either chloroquine or placebo ( starch ) to patients suspected of having dengue disease . patients were included in the study if they presented with dengue - related symptoms , such as fever and at least two other symptoms , such as headache , retro ...	dengue is the most important arboviral disease in the world . as chloroquine , an antimalarial agent , has shown some antiviral effects , this study evaluated its effect in patients with dengue . a randomised , double - blind study was performed by administering chloroquine or placebo for three days to 129 ...
erlotinib is a selective epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor ( egfri ) utilized in the treatment of solid tumors . cutaneous side effects , including changes in hair texture and alopecia , have been reported . in this case report , we observed a new finding of loose anagen hairs and pili torti in two patient...	erlotinib is a selective epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor utilized in the treatment of solid tumors . cutaneous side effects , including changes in hair texture and alopecia , have been described . in this case report , we describe two patients with a new finding of loose anagen hairs and pili torti leading...
with an ever - increasing life expectancy , the population of the elderly is constantly growing . cardiovascular disease ( cad ) remains the biggest cause of morbidity and mortality in this age group.1 ) because age itself is a definite high risk factor in cad adverse outcomes , those of extreme chronological age are...	despite an increasing prevalence and burden of disease in the elderly , little is known about the management and outcomes of acute coronary syndromes in this group . we report the case of a 101-year - old female patient with a non - st segment elevation myocardial infarction . coronary angiography showed a total oc...
parkinson 's disease ( pd ) is a disabling neurodegenerative disorder , estimated to affect over 10 million people worldwide and over 1 million people in the united states . with the number of americans over 65 rapidly increasing , it is inevitable that there will be a drastic rise in pd cases over the next 20 years ...	parkinson 's disease ( pd ) is a chronic , degenerative neurological disorder that is estimated to affect at least 1 million individuals in the usa and over 10 million worldwide . it is thought that the loss of neurons and development of inclusion bodies occur gradually over decades until they progress to the point w...
to report the role of healon5 injection combined with medications in patient with malignant glaucoma after trabeculectomy with unplanned zonulectomy . two days after trabeculectomy with unplanned zonulectomy for neovascular glaucoma in an eye with diabetic retinopathy , a patient developed malignant glaucoma due to t...	purpose : to report the role of healon5 injection combined with medications in patient with malignant glaucoma after trabeculectomy with unplanned zonulectomy.methods:two days after trabeculectomy with unplanned zonulectomy for neovascular glaucoma in an eye with diabetic retinopathy , a patient developed malignant gla...
over time theoretical advances and critical investigation have expanded our knowledge of how to manage patients . clinical practise is constantly changing , whether due to a single signature study or an increasing body of evidence - but are physicians aware of this information , and do they have the tools to allow th...	perioperative haemodynamic optimisation of high - risk surgical patients has long been documented to improve both short - term and long - term outcomes , as well as to reduce the rate of postoperative complications . based on the evidence , cardiac output monitoring and fluid resuscitation , combined with the use of ...
seizures are the most common pediatric neurological disorder . of the roughly 150,000 children who experience a first - time seizure , it has been estimated that 30,000 will suffer from epilepsy [ 1 , 2 ] . the terms seizure and convulsion are commonly used interchangeably , but for the purposes of this report we w...	background . antiepileptic drugs ( aeds ) noncompliance is associated with increased risk of seizures and morbidity in seizure disorder patients . objective . to identify risk factors that correlated to higher levels of morbidity , measured by emergency room ( er ) utilization by seizure disorder members taking aed...
although effective preventive and therapeutic measures have been developed for most parasitic helminths , cystic echinococcosis ( ce ) infection is still very common in the developing world today . ce , a widely chronic endemic helminthic disease caused by infection with metacestodes ( larval stage ) of the tapeworm ...	cystic echinococcosis ( ce ) is a widespread chronic endemic helminthic disease caused by infection with metacestodes of the tapeworm echinococcus granulosus . ce affects humans and has a worldwide prevalence of approximately six million . in this review , we discuss current findings in diagnosis and clinical manag...
laser refractive surgery ( lrs ) is one of the most common surgeries performed worldwide.1 almost one million patients undergo corneal refractive surgery each year in the united states.2 lrs has proven to be safe with excellent outcomes and high patient satisfaction.3 as the successful outcomes of lrs are highlighted i...	patients with underlying systemic disease represent challenging treatment dilemma to the refractive surgeon . the refractive error in this patient population is accompanied by a systemic disease that may have an ocular or even a corneal component . the literature is rather sparse about the use of laser refractive s...
public training in the use of automated external defibrillators ( aeds ) to treat out - of - hospital cardiac arrests has been receiving increased attention . the incidence of cardiac arrests and ventricular fibrillation as its cause has been well reported . overall survival from out - of - hospital cardiac arrest ...	public training in the use of automated external defibrillators to treat out - of - hospital cardiac arrests has been receiving increased attention . the implementation of public access defibrillation programs has been the most significant intervention to improve survival in decades . dramatic success came when we ...
human beings have long been trying to cope cancer , but statistics show that cancer is still affecting people of all age groups , especially those older than 65 , and mostly men and those belonging to industrial communities . in iran , cancer is the third leading cause of death by 12% , as reported by the world health ...	background : nausea and vomiting are the worst and the most prevalent complications experienced by 7080% of patients . complementary treatments including therapeutic touch are cost - effective and low - risk , independent nursing interventions . present research aims at investigating the effect of therapeutic touch o...
why do we need animal models for neurotropic viral studies ? some day , human functional neuroimaging may provide consistent reliable experimentation in our species , or genetic biomarkers may have predictive validity for disease course or vulnerability . however , until detailed neuroanatomical , molecular and cel...	borna disease ( bd ) , caused by the neurotropic rna virus , borna disease virus , is an affliction ranging from asymptomatic to fatal meningoencephalitis across naturally and experimentally infected warmblooded ( mammal...
acute pancreatitis is a localized pathological condition of the pancreatic gland that involves a systemic inflammatory response . this is the consequence of an imbalance between pro - inflammatory mediators and anti - inflammatory mechanisms produced through an excess of pro - inflammatory mediators . it was demons...	purpose : to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphism ( snp ) of inducible nitric oxide synthase ( inos ) is involved in susceptibility for acute pancreatitis . material and methods : genomic dna was extracted from blood samples collected from cases of acute pancreatitis ( n=110 ) and normal population controls...
twenty - seven obese patients with insulin - dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus ( 14 men and 13 women ) were included ( mean sem : age : 55 2 years , bmi : 37.2 0.9 kg / m , hba1c : 7.8 0.2% ) . at baseline patients used 82 11 units of insulin per day with or without concomitant use of metformin and/or sulfonyl ur...	objectiveusing a mouse model for human - like lipoprotein metabolism , we observed previously that reduction of the hepatic triglyceride ( tg ) content resulted in a decrease in plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein ( cetp ) and an increase in hdl levels . the aim of the current study was to investigate the effec...
soda pop drinks are carbonated non - alcoholic soft drinks with a sweet bubbly refreshing taste . they are commonly referred to as soda pop and contain mainly water , sugar and chemicals in the form of colorings , flavors , preservatives and sweeteners . for instance , the average australian and about 63% of irish ...	background : health concerns over soda pop drinks have been severally report . however , histological perspectives are not very common.aim:the objective of this study is to investigate histological effect of chronic consumption of soda pop drinks on the kidney of adult wistar rats.materials and methods : the rats of ...
drug - resistant cells may express one or more energy - dependent transporters like the multidrug resistance gene ( mdr1 ) which detect and eject anticancer drugs from cells [ 1 , 2 ] . mechanisms including secondary mutations in drug targets or parallel pathways , insensitivity to drug - induced apoptosis [ 3 , 4 ] ...	resistance to cytotoxic agents has long been known to be a major limitation in the treatment of human cancers . although many mechanisms of drug resistance have been identified , chemotherapies targeting known mechanisms have failed to lead to effective reversal of drug resistance , suggesting that alternative mechan...
the application of fine needle aspiration cytology ( fnac ) in the diagnosis of palpable breast masses was first introduced by martin and ellis in 1930 and since then has been established as an important tool in the evaluation of breast lesions . fnac is a simple , cost - effective , less traumatic , sensitive , and ...	background : in 1996 , national cancer institute ( nci ) proposed five categories for the diagnosis of breast cytology in order to bring a degree of uniformity to the diagnostic reporting . of these , categories 3 and 4 were sparsely studied.aims:the present study was undertaken for the evaluation of the fine needle ...
inguinal hernia occurs more commonly in premature infants than in the general population with a reported incidence being up to 30% . controversial issues in the management of inguinal hernia in premature infants , include timing of repair , the need for contralateral inguinal exploration and the minimum postconceptio...	aim : debatable issues in the management of inguinal hernia in premature infants remain unresolved . this study reviews our experience in the management of inguinal hernia in premature infants.materials and methods : retrospective chart review of premature infants with inguinal hernia from 1999 to 2009 . infants we...
a 45-year - old man presented with a history of blurred vision in his right eye since past 15 days . fundus examination showed multiple cotton wool spots inferior to the papillomacular bundle , extending toward macula with retinal hemorrhages temporal to macula [ fig . 1 ] . color fundus photo showing numerous soft...	hyperhomocysteinemia is a well - known modifiable risk factor for thromboembolism . retinal vascular occlusion in patients having hyperhomocysteinemia is a known entity , particularly in young patients . however , multiple extra macular branch retinal vein occlusion ( brvo ) is a rare condition , which can be a pre...
the structure of chromatin , the complex of proteins and dna through which dna is packaged , is regulated by the post - translational modification of histone tails and the action of chromatin remodeling complexes such as the switch / sucrose nonfermenting ( swi / snf ) complex . the multisubunit swi / snf c...	bromodomain containing proteins pb1 , smarca4 , and smarca2 are important components of swi / snf chromatin remodeling complexes . we identified bromodomain inhibitors that target these proteins and display unusual binding modes involving water displacement from the kac binding site . the best compound bind...
there is no reliable index of cognitive / global functioning such as intelligence quotient ( iq ) in children with autism . it has been reported that iq and not the severity of autism related behaviors is a better predictor of outcome in children with autism . the nature of difficulties associated with autism ( e.g...	background : intelligence quotient ( iq ) but not the core symptoms have been known to predict outcomes in autism . besides resource issues in india , assessing iq in presence of autistic symptoms is challenging in general.materials and methods : in a pilot study , we explored different global indices of development in...
walker warburg syndrome ( wws ) is a rare congenital disorder , characterized by muscular dystrophy combined with brain and eye abnormalities and other facultative malformations 1 . muscular dystrophy might be associated with malignant hyperthermia ( mh ) or rhabdomyolysis and may cause postoperative respiratory com...	key clinical messagewalker warburg syndrome is a rare congenital disorder . several features , including muscular dystrophy , hydrocephalus , and oropharyngeal abnormalities , have important implications in the perioperative setting . we present a case of general anesthesia in an infant and discuss perioperative c...
prevalence of hypertension and obesity is increasing around the world , and data from nhanes iii show that hypertension increases parallel to a rising body mass index . an increase in abdominal obesity , also when only moderate overweight exits or even if there is no overweight , plays a key role on cardiometabolic d...	aldosterone facilitates cardiovascular damage by increasing blood pressure and through different mechanisms that are independent of its effects on blood pressure . in this respect , recent evidence involves aldosterone in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome . although this relationship is complex , there is some e...
infection with dengue virus ( denv ) causes dengue and severe dengue ( formerly dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever ) . denv is an enveloped virus , and its genome consists of a positive polarity , single - stranded rna of around 11 kb that encodes ten proteins . denv can replicate in several types of cells...	infection with dengue virus presents a broad clinical spectrum , which can range from asymptomatic cases to severe cases that are characterised by haemorrhagic syndrome and/or shock . the reason for such variability remains unknown . this work evaluated the in vitro permissiveness of mouse , rat , hamster and guine...
pseudomonas sp . is ubiquitously present worldwide of which pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major nosocomial pathogen , which survives in moist environments and colonizes the respiratory tract of mechanically ventilated patients . multidrug - resistant ( mdr ) p. aeruginosa is especially associated with increased mortali...	drug resistance to pseudomonas sp . has spread to such a level irrespective of the type of patients , that its pattern of distribution and antibiotic resistance needs to be studied in detail , especially in trauma patients and hence the study . a 6 year study was carried out among trauma patients to see the trend a...
low birth weight ( lbw ) , defined as weighing less than 2,500 g at birth , has known adverse effects including higher incidences of mortalities and chronic diseases with long - term consequences , increased hospital costs , and impaired growth , and is considered as an important outcome of birth and pregnancy . a to...	background : low birth weight ( lbw ) is considered as an important outcome of birth and pregnancy , which is associated with long - term consequences and health - care problems . maternal lifestyle and health care during pregnancy are powerful predictors of bw of infants . the purpose of this study was to assess t...
salmonellosis is a major foodborne illness and life - threatening problem worldwide caused by various serovars of salmonella among which salmonella typhimurium is one of the most important serovars . in developing countries like india where the hygienic conditions are not very good salmonelloses have became major pro...	salmonella typhimurium is an important pathogen having a broad host range . in human population it causes mostly gastroenteritis but there are reports in which it was found to be responsible to cause several lethal diseases like endocarditis and meningitis . poultry products are the major sources of this organism i...
beta thalassemia major , also called cooley disease , is a severe transfusion - dependent anaemia which often causes infertility due to the iron deposits in endocrine organs following multiple blood transfusions , needed to care this illness . gonadal function is impaired in the majority of the patients affected by t...	the health background management and outcomes of 5 pregnancies in 4 women affected by cooley disease , from paediatric institute of catania university , are described , considering the preconceptual guidances and cares for such patients . these patients were selected among a group of 100 thalassemic women divided int...
despite the reduction in mortality from cardiovascular diseases over the past decade , these disorders are the leading cause of mortality or disability of individuals . generally speaking , in patients with chronic coronary heart problems , curing the disease is deemed as an unrealistic and unattainable goal , since ...	background : considering the significance of quality of life in chronic diseases and the role of education in its improvement , this study was performed to investigate the effect of cognitive - behavioral therapy on improving the quality of life of cardiovascular patients in isfahan city.materials and methods : in this...
according to the international association of the study of pain , pain can be defined as a disagreeable sensorial and emotional sensation associated with real or potential tissue damage.1 its duration can be classified as acute or chronic , although it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between the two in clinical p...	backgroundthe purpose of this study was to gather information about analgesic drug therapy in patients with chronic pain and perform cost estimates to guide future cost - effectiveness research in the area.methodsdata from patients aged 44 years and over suffering from any chronic condition and receiving regular analge...
rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous infective disorder caused by rhinosporidium seeberi , whose taxonomy is still debated . the first case was described as nasal polyp by guillermo seeber from buenos aires in 1900 . the causative organism was considered as a fungus , and asworth in 1923 described its life c...	background : rhinosporidiosis is a chronic infective disorder caused by rhinosporidium seeberi . it usually presents as a soft polypoidal pedunculated or sessile mass . nose and nasopharynx are the commonest sites , followed by conjunctiva , maxillary sinuses , penis , urethra.aims:the aim of this study is to present...
conventional imaging modalities , including magnetic resonance ( mr ) , are primarily based on anatomical , functional or metabolic properties to study ( patho)physiology . molecular imaging is a rapidly evolving field of research , aiming to image and quantify molecular and cellular targets in vivo . molecular ima...	introductioncardiovascular molecular imaging is a rapidly evolving field of research , aiming to image and quantify molecular and cellular targets in vivo . mr imaging has some inherent properties that make it very suitable for cardiovascular molecular imaging . until now , only a limited number of studies have bee...
nowadays , despite numerous advancements in pediatric care , many needed interventions to treat the diseases remain traumatic , painful , and disturbing . millions of people undergo surgery each year . pain is not often thoroughly treated and the clients often suffer from pain after a disease or due to lack of pain m...	background : pain is the common complication after a surgery . the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aromatherapy with rosa damascena mill . on the postoperative pain in children.materials and methods : in a double - blind , placebo - controlled clinical trial , we selected 64 children of 36 years of ag...

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.