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being able to time is essential for a range of tasks including driving a car , cooking a meal , or having a conversation ( schirmer , 2004 ; buhusi and meck , 2005 ) .
although we typically learn and complete these tasks with little effort , there are instances in which cars collide , meals overcook , and conversatio... | experimental evidence suggests that emotions can both speed - up and slow - down the internal clock .
speeding up has been observed for to - be - timed emotional stimuli that have the capacity to sustain attention , whereas slowing down has been observed for to - be - timed neutral stimuli that are presented in the c... |
shakespeare is thought to have had a working vocabulary of some 35,000 words , about twice that of an educated person today .
a play is therefore an apposite metaphor for the genome , in which the principal interest lies not in the words or letters but in the way it is performed and brought to life on the biological ... | the polarization of views on how best to exploit new information from the human genome project for medicine reflects our ignorance of the genetic architecture underlying common diseases : are susceptibility alleles common or rare , neutral or deleterious , few or many ?
single - nucleotide polymorphism ( snp ) techno... |
primer and probe design : a total of 19 pathogens were selected as targets
based on their virulence and prevalence on cattle .
new primer - probe sets were designed for
rva , rvb , rvc , btov , mrv , eimeria zuernii and eimeria
bovis using the primerquest software ( integrated dna technologies , inc .
,
cor... | diarrhea in cattle is one of the most economically costly disorders , decreasing milk
production and weight gain . in the present study , we established a novel simultaneous
detection system using taqman real - time pcr designed as a system for detection of microbes
from bovine diarrhea using real - time pcr ( re... |
since its discovery
in the middle of the 17th century , elemental
phosphorus has fascinated chemists . even still , novel allotropes of
this element continue to be discovered and studied . among these , white phosphorus ( p4 ) is readily
available as the direct product of reduction of phosphate minerals and cou... | we report the synthesis and comprehensive
study of the electronic
structure of a unique series of dinuclear group 5 cyclo - tetraphosphide inverted sandwich complexes .
white phosphorus ( p4 ) reacts with niobium(iii ) and tantalum(iii ) -diketiminate
( bdi ) tert - butylimido complexes to produce the bridging ... |
pelizaeus - merzbacher disease ( pmd ) is a rare , x - linked recessive dysmyelinating disorder of the central nervous system , clinically characterized by nystagmus , spasticity , ataxia , and mental retardation1,2 ) .
pmd is caused by mutations in the gene encoding plp1 , a myelin protein that is expressed in oligo... | pelizaeus - merzbacher disease ( pmd ) is a rare , x - linked recessive disorder characterized by dysmyelination in the central nervous system .
pmd results from deletion , mutation , or duplication of the proteolipid protein gene ( plp1 ) located at xq22 , leading to the failure of axon myelination by oligodendrocyt... |
immature teeth that have open and often divergent apices are not suitable for complete cleaning and obturation with traditional techniques and materials . in addition , because of their thin dentinal walls , these teeth are susceptible to subsequent fracture after treatment
. teeth with necrotic pulps and immature ap... | endodontic treatment options for immature , nonvital teeth conventionally include surgical endodontics , apexification with calcium hydroxide , or single visit mineral trioxide aggregate plug .
regeneration is a new concept which is been introduced in the treatment of traumatized open apex tooth .
regeneration of p... |
heart disease and thromboembolism are the leading indirect causes of maternal death during pregnancy [ 1 , 2 ] .
isolated ventricular non - compaction cardiomyopathy ( ivnc ) is a relatively rare ( incidence of approximately 0.05% in adult population ) , but thought to be underdiagnosed disease , caused by intrauteri... | isolated ventricular non - compaction is a rare cardiomyopathy associated with left heart failure , severe arrhythmias and thromboembolism .
we report about our interdisciplinary strategy in a patient with severe isolated ventricular non - compaction cardiomyopathy scheduled for caesarean section in general anaesthes... |
regenerative endodontic procedures are biologically based procedures which deals with the regeneration of pulp like tissue , more idealistically the pulp - dentin complex , damaged coronal dentin such as that following a carious exposure or trauma ; and regenerate resorbed root , cervical or apical dentin .
the mecha... | regeneration of pulp - dentin complex in an infected necrotic tooth with an open apex is possible if the canal is effectively disinfected .
the purpose of this case report is to add a regenerative endodontic case to the existing literature about using platelet rich fibrin ( prf ) . a nine year old boy who accidently ... |
lead ( pb ) is a toxic metal that induces a wide range of behavioral , biochemical and physiological effects in humans . even though blood lead levels continue to decline over the past two decades , specific populations like infants , young children and working class are still at a higher risk .
childhood lead exposu... | lead is a toxic metal that induces a wide range of behavioral , biochemical and physiological effects in humans .
oxidative damage has been proposed as a possible mechanism involved in lead toxicity .
the current study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activities of spirulina supplement against lead aceta... |
supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s13659 - 012 - 0034-z and is accessible for authorized users .
| six weeks balb / c mice were fed with an atherogenic diet for 24 weeks and purified water ad libitum .
an experimental group was given betanidin , orally , during the last 40 days of the experiment at a dose of 9.6 mg per mouse per day .
negative controls were fed with standard rodent chow only .
glycemia was mea... |
big science may be a controversial issue among biomedical scientists today , but the idea is not new .
40 years ago , nuclear physicist alvin weinberg coined the term big science to describe the large - scale approaches that were needed to develop modern nuclear technologies ( 1 ) .
weinberg foresaw a similar need ... | the increasing complexity of biomedical research is leading to the exploration of new models for large - scale collaborative research .
this big science approach , however , has created anxieties and potential tensions between investigator - driven research , and research guided by a more organized , collaborative ef... |
nowadays , drosophila is one of the most widely used model organism for studying complex genetic and biological problems .
although there are several different drosophila species which differ in habitat , morphology , and genetic background , d. melanogaster is the species with the highest degree of homology with hum... | initially implicated in the pathogenesis of cftr and hiv-1 transcription , nuclear factor tdp-43 was subsequently found to be involved in the origin and development of several neurodegenerative diseases . in 2006 ,
in fact , it was reported for the first time the cytoplasmic accumulation of tdp-43 in ubiquitin - posi... |
over 170 million people , approximately 3% of the world s population , are infected with the hepatitis c virus ( hcv).(1 ) infection with this virus can result in hepatic fibrosis which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma .
liver biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis and prognosis of hepati... | despite many shortcomings , liver biopsy is regarded as the gold standard for assessing liver fibrosis .
a less invasive and equally or more reliable approach would constitute a major advancement in the field .
proteomics can aid discovery of novel serological markers and these proteins can be measured in patient b... |
the author(s ) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research , authorship , and/or publication of this article .
the author(s ) received no financial support for the research , authorship , and/or publication of this article .
| increasing evidence indicates that remarkable differences in cardiovascular risk between ethnic groups can not be fully explained by traditional risk factors such as hypertension , diabetes or dislipidemia measured in midlife .
therefore , the underlying pathophysiology leading to this excess risk in ethnic minorit... |
cell culture mouse wild - type melanocytes ( melan - ink4a ) and rab27a - deficient ashen melanocytes ( melan - ash2 ) ( 20 ) were maintained in rpmi 1640 supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum , 2 mm l - glutamine , 100 units / ml penicillin , 100 units / ml streptomycin , 200 nm phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate , and... | rab gtpases regulate discrete steps in vesicular transport pathways .
rabs require activation by specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors ( gefs ) that stimulate the exchange of gdp for gtp .
rab27a controls motility and regulated exocytosis of secretory granules and related organelles . in melanocytes , rab27a... |
a clinical nephrology readership needs no convincing of the importance of proteinuria : it has prognostic significance in patients with a wide variety of forms of renal disease and is a potent independent cardiovascular risk factor . in health ,
this has a tripartite structure comprising podocytes ( visceral glomerul... | the podocyte is a key cell in the selective filtering action of the glomerular capillary wall .
podocyte injury is of pathogenetic and prognostic significance in human glomerular disease ; podocyte repair and regeneration are important therapeutic targets .
in particular , podocyte function is dependent on the cell... |
the term small for gestational age ( sga ) is sometimes used synonymously with low birth weight , but actually it refers to a low birth weight with respect to gestational age read on references curves and not a low birth weight per se . during the past decades , dozens of epidemiological studies associated with low b... | objective . to investigate the relationship between weight catch - up growth and insulin sensitivity in small for gestational age ( sga ) infants
. methods .
forty - four singleton sga subjects met the inclusion criteria and finished-3-month followup .
body weight , length , fasting glucose , and fasting insulin ... |
the patient populations susceptible to clostridium difficile infection ( cdi ) have now broadened to include pregnant women . in nonpregnant populations , both the incidence and severity of cdi
recent large cdi outbreaks in canada and u.s.a . demonstrated an increase cdi infection rate from a baseline of 26 infection... | objective . an outbreak of 20 peripartum clostridium difficile infections ( cdi ) occurred on the obstetrical service at the university of washington medical center ( uwmc ) between april 2006 and june 2007 . in this report
, we characterize the clinical manifestations , describe interventions that appeared to reduce... |
sickle cell anemia ( sca ) is an inherited disease in individuals homozygous for hemoglobin s. previous studies have shown clinical alterations in the oral mucosa and dental mineralized tissues and delayed tooth eruption , a high prevalence of dental caries , poor occlusion , and pulpal necrosis in healthy teeth in pat... | objective : to assess differences in the dental care provided to sickle cell anemia ( sca ) patients depending on age .
this retrospective study used secondary data from the dental records of the center of hematology and hemotherapy in maranho ( hemomar).materials and methods : data were obtained from 574 dental reco... |
it is well known that rna secondary structure prediction via energy minimization is limited in accuracy due to efficiency constraints imposed on the models and missing or imprecise thermodynamic data ( 1 ) .
nonetheless , simulations of rna folding pathways ( 25 ) can provide interesting insights into rna folding dyn... | rna movies is a simple , yet powerful visualization tool in likeness to a media player application , which enables to browse sequential paths through rna secondary structure landscapes .
it can be used to visualize structural rearrangement processes of rna , such as folding pathways and conformational switches , or t... |
myiasis is a pathogenic condition found in live humans and animals caused by various species of dipteran larvae ( zumpt 1965 ) .
entomologically , flies may be classified in to three myiasis - producing groups : obligatory , facultative , and accidental .
clinically , myiasis can be classified according to the part... | we report a case of human nasal myiasis caused by flower fly larva in a 14-year - old rural girl in central province of iran .
entomological studies on larva showed the larva as eristalis tenax which is a rarely cause of nasal myiasis .
this is the first reported case of e. tenax larva causing human nasal myiasis i... |
multiple studies advocate the use of
ergonomic computer workstations that minimize tension in these muscles1 . in recent years , increasing numbers of workers have
reported tension and pain in the muscles around their eyes along with headaches resulting
from computer work2 .
however , few studies
have focused... | [ purpose ] this study compared the orbicularis oculi muscle activity during computer work
with single and dual monitors .
[ subjects ] ten computer workers 2227 years of age were
included in this study .
[ methods ] subjects performed computer work with single or dual
monitors , and the activity of the righ... |
receptor tyrosine kinases ( rtks ) control many aspects of cell physiology , including cell proliferation , survival , metabolism , migration and differentiation .
many rtks exhibit increased intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity upon binding ligand , thus activating numerous secondary signaling intermediates and pathwa... | abstractreceptor tyrosine kinases , such as the epidermal growth factor ( egf ) receptor ( egfr ) and met lead to activation of intracellular signals including akt , a critical regulator of cell survival , metabolism and proliferation . upon binding their respective ligands ,
each of these receptors is recruited into... |
during fetal development , the testes develop in the abdomen and later descend into the scrotal sac in the third trimester , usually between weeks 28 to 32 . during the descent
, it may be arrested anywhere along its tract ( cryptorchidism ) or may migrate into an abnormal position ( ectopic testis ) .
the most com... | this case study aims to report an unresolved abdominal mass in an adult with cryptorchid testis and provide a review of related literature .
we investigated a 54-year - old man who had cryptorchidism with a history of left orchiectomy 18 years prior .
he was diagnosed with an intra - abdominal testicular mass after... |
the organization of tissues into intricate systems is an essential element of life for multicellular organisms .
one of the critical mediators of this organization is the gap junction , which permits direct intercellular communication between neighboring cells . within the vertebrate central nervous system astrocytes... | both neurons and glia throughout the central nervous system are organized into networks by gap junctions . among glia ,
gap junctions facilitate metabolic homeostasis and intercellular communication . among neurons ,
gap junctions form electrical synapses that function primarily for communication . however , in neu... |
computationally predicting
a protein s three - dimensional
structure from its amino acid sequence is one of the great challenges
in biochemistry .
this task is especially challenging if no proteins
of known structure with sequence or structural homology exist a
field known as de novo or ab initio protein s... | many excellent methods exist that
incorporate cryo - electron microscopy
( cryoem ) data to constrain computational protein structure prediction
and refinement .
previously , it was shown that iteration of two such
orthogonal sampling and scoring methods rosetta and molecular
dynamics ( md ) simulations f... |
over the past 50 years , the survival and quality of life of patients with cardiac disease has improved tremendously . despite continued progress in technology and drug therapy
the majority of our patients suffer from structural heart diseases , such as atherosclerosis and primary myocardial disease , that often prog... | cardiology has recently witnessed the production of an overwhelming amount of data through the advances made in genetics and molecular biology research .
understanding of genetics has tremendous potential to aid in the prevention , diagnosis and treatment of the majority of diseases . despite the high level of public... |
a ureteropelvic junction ( upj ) obstruction can be thought of as a restriction to flow of urine , from the renal pelvis to the ureter , which , if left uncorrected , leads to progressive renal deterioration .
upj obstruction occurs in all paediatric age groups , but there tends to be a clustering in the neonatal per... | introduction : laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty is an acceptable option for ureteropelvic junction ( upj ) obstruction in the paediatric population .
we compared our results of laparoscopic dismembered and non - dismembered foley 's yv pyeloplasty.materials and methods : children presenting with hydronephrosis se... |
thirteen species of gnathostoma have been reported to date , of which 5 species such as gnathostoma spinigerum , g. nipponicum , g. hispidum , g. doloresi , and g. binucleatum infect humans .
humans become incidental hosts by ingesting raw fish or meat infected by the third - stage larvae and the larvae migrate throu... | we report a case of intraocular gnathostomiasis diagnosed by western blot assay in a patient with subretinal tracks .
a 15-year - old male patient complained of blurred vision in the right eye , lasting for 2 weeks .
eight months earlier , he had traveled to vietnam for 1 week and ate raw wild boar meat and lobster... |
major histocompatibility complex ( mhc ) class i and class ii are cell surface molecules that play an important role in intercellular recognition and self / nonself discrimination and trigger humoral and cell - mediated immune responses .
mhc class ii molecules are heterodimeric glycoproteins and are composed of two ... | the present study was conducted to study the diversity of mhc - drb3 alleles in indian cattle and buffalo breeds .
previously reported bola - drb exon 2 alleles of indian zebu cattle , bos taurus cattle , buffalo , sheep , and goats were analyzed for the identities and divergence among various allele sequences .
co... |
oligomenorrhea , hirsutism and obesity together with enlarged polycystic ovary ( pco ) were the diagnostic criteria of pcos .
it is now accepted that this problem is arising from persistent anovulation with a spectrum of etiologies and clinical manifestations .
it is a complex clinical presentation and is tradition... | background : polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) is common diagnosis in women presenting with infertility . all the dimensions of pcos have not been completely explored .
many studies have tried to characterize the exact presentation of the disease . in this study
we studied clinical features of pcos in indian women... |
amino acids act as nutrient signals to induce cell growth in addition to their role as protein building blocks .
cells can sense the availability of extracellular and intracellular amino acids and initiate multiple biochemical processes to synthesize new cellular components .
starvation and low energy status initia... | mammalian target of rapamycin ( mtor ) controls cell growth and metabolism in response to nutrients , energy , and growth factors .
recent findings have placed the lysosome at the core of mtor complex 1 ( mtorc1 ) regulation by amino acids .
two parallel pathways , rag gtpase - ragulator and vps34-phospholipase d1 ... |
an adrenocortical adenoma is a benign neoplasm which is derived from cells of the adrenal cortex and may be functionally active or nonfunctional .
the discrimination of adrenocortical adenoma from nonadenoma is a common problem for radiologists in the daily practice .
computed tomography ( ct ) and magnetic resonan... | we report a case of a 74-year - old female with myxoid adrenocortical adenoma which showed different magnetic resonance imaging findings compared to those of a typical adrenocortical adenoma .
the myxoid change in the adrenocortical adenoma is a rare form of degeneration .
it presents a considerable diagnostic chal... |
an
electronic structure that is governed by strong electron correlation
effects is a commonly encountered phenomenon in molecules that are ,
for example , ( i ) in a nonequilibrium structure , ( ii ) in an electronically
excited state , and/or ( iii ) contain transition metal center(s ) .
multiconfigurational... | we present a second - order n - electron valence state
perturbation theory ( nevpt2 ) based on a density matrix renormalization
group ( dmrg ) reference wave function that exploits a cholesky decomposition
of the two - electron repulsion integrals ( cd - dmrg - nevpt2 ) . with a parameter - free
multireference ... |
racial disparities in survival after solid organ transplantation were first recognized by opelz and terasaki in 1977 , when large differences between african american and caucasian recipients were identified after kidney transplantation.(1 ) since then , multiple reports have demonstrated worse survival after heart tra... | backgroundthe basis for increased mortality after heart transplantation in african americans and other non - caucasian racial groups is poorly defined .
we hypothesized that increased risk of adverse events is driven by biological factors . to test this hypothesis in the image study , we determined whether the event ... |
hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells ( hspcs ) possess the capacity for self - renewal ( mitotic division leading to production of the same stem cells without loss of developmental potential ) and differentiation ( asymmetric division leading to unequal production of daughter cells from the same mother cells ) .
t... | hematopoietic stem cells are endowed with a distinct potential to bolster self - renewal and to generate progeny that differentiate into mature cells of myeloid and lymphoid lineages .
both hematopoietic stem cells and mature cells have the same genome , but their gene expression is controlled by an additional layer ... |
sarcoidosisis is a rare inflammatory disorder with multisystem presentation which can involve any organ of the body .
it is characterized by the formation of noncaseating granulomas primarily affecting the lungs but other organs like heart , central nervous system , and skin may be involved .
skin lesions form tip ... | isolated cutaneous sarcoidosis is a rare multisystemic granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology .
cutaneous lesions have been classified into specific and nonspecific depending on the presence of noncaseating granulomas on histopathologic studies .
macrophages most likely initiate the response of sarcoidosis by p... |
large leg ulcers ( llu , surface area > 100 cm ) are extremely difficult to heal .
large leg ulcers have been previously described in patients with mixed connective tissue disease ( mctd ) , scleroderma overlap syndrome ( sos ) , rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) , behcet diesease .
we report three cases of autoimmune di... | summarybackgroundlarge leg ulcers ( llu ) may complicate autoimmune diseases . they pose a therapeutic challenge and are often resistant to treatment . to report three cases of autoimmune diseases complicated with llu.case reportcase 1 .
a 55-year old woman presented with long - standing painful llu due to mixed conn... |
traumatic injury is a significant global health problem resulting in more than five million annual deaths because of severe injury worldwide .
undoubtedly , intraperitoneal and intrathoracic bleeding are risk factors for hypovolemic shock in trauma ; however , non - cavitary blood loss due to fracture of long bone ca... | objective : evaluation of efficacy and safety of polygeline in adult patients with hypovolemia.materials and methods : in an open label , non - comparative study intravenous infusion of polygeline was administered to adult patients with hypovolemia following traumatic injury . efficacy was evaluated by noting changes i... |
increased interest in closed carbon cycles across different industrial sectors has resulted in renewed strong impulses toward investigations of the use of carbon dioxide as a chemical feedstock.1 the physicochemical properties and nontoxicity of co2 together with its abundant availability at highly concentrated point s... | abstractaqueous biphasic systems were investigated for the production of formate amine adducts by metalcatalyzed co2 hydrogenation , including typical scrubbing solutions as feedstocks .
different hydrophobic organic solvents and ionic liquids could be employed as the stationary phase for cis[ru(dppm)2cl2 ] ( dppm =... |
chronic graft versus host disease ( gvhd ) is a serious long - term complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ( hsct ) .
chronic gvhd can occur any time after allogeneic hsct but is most common within the first 3 years .
chronic gvhd is usually treated with immunosuppressive agents , such a... | chronic graft versus host disease ( gvhd ) is a frequent complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ( hsct ) , but simultaneous small bowel obstruction is rare . here , we report a child with acute myeloid leukemia who received an allogeneic hsct from an unrelated matched donor .
after hsct... |
endocannabinoids are an emerging class of lipid mediators , which activate cannabinoid receptors and regulate sleep induction , interact with gabaergic , serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission , and are also formed during glutamate - induced neurotoxicity .
the biological activity of anandamide ( n - arachid... | anandamide ( n - arachidonoylethanolamine , aea ) belongs to an emerging class of endogenous lipids , called " endocannabinoids " . a specific aea membrane transporter ( amt )
allows the import of this lipid and its degradation by the intracellular enzyme aea hydrolase . here , we show that synaptosomes from human , ... |
diabetes mellitus type 2 ( dm2 ) is a disease often related to poor lifestyle choices resulting in hyperglycemia ; it affects nearly 10% of the entire us population , including more than 25% of seniors .
conventional medicine views dm2 as a chronic , irreversible disease and focuses on disease management utilizing in... | this case report demonstrates a successful approach to managing patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( dm2 ) . botanical herbs ( including gymnema sylvestre ) and nutrients ( including alpha lipoic acid and chromium )
were used alongside metformin to help improve insulin sensitization ; however , the greatest empha... |
the aim of the study was to evaluate the difference in mentioned volume and measured volume of the eye drops and to find out the yearly cost of various antiglaucoma drugs .
total of 245 bottles of 49 different brands , five of each brand of antiglaucoma drug were analyzed .
number of drops were counted , and volume... | aim : the aim of the study was to evaluate the difference in mentioned volume and measured volume of the eye drops and to find out the yearly cost of various antiglaucoma drugs.methods:it was an experimental and purely laboratory study .
total of 245 bottles of 49 different brands , five of each brand of antiglaucoma... |
the
scientific community is in the grips of the data reproducibility
crisis , highlighted by nature s challenges in irreproducible research initiative .
oftentimes in drug discovery , compounds active in primary biological
screens show no activity in follow - up studies .
the measured
effect of false posi... | the
use of substructural alerts to identify pan - assay interference compounds ( pains )
has become a common component of the triage process in biological
screening campaigns .
these alerts , however , were originally derived
from a proprietary library tested in just six assays measuring protein protein
in... |
our society depends heavily on fossil fuels ( e.g. , oil , natural gas , coal , etc . ) .
these resources are not sustainable energy sources and are being depleted at a rapidly increasing rate , leading to concerns regarding dwindling fossil - fuel resources , environmental consequences of co2 emission , and economic... | lignocellulosic biomass conversion to produce biofuels has received significant attention because of the quest for a replacement for fossil fuels . among the various thermochemical and biochemical routes ,
fast pyrolysis followed by catalytic hydrotreating is considered to be a promising near - term opportunity .
t... |
abnormal responsiveness of growth hormone- ( gh- ) producing pituitary adenomas to hypothalamic hormones has been previously described .
this paradoxical response of gh to thyrotropin - releasing hormone ( trh ) in gh - producing pituitary adenomas was first reported in 1972 [ 2 , 3 ] and observed in 50~75% of untrea... | objective .
the aim of this study was to investigate how the paradoxical response of gh secretion to trh changes according to tumor volumes . methods . patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly
were classified as either trh responders or nonresponders according to the results of a trh stimulation test ( tst ) , and ... |
plants were grown under greenhouse conditions ( 16-h day ) at the university of arizona during january
june 2011 , and self - pollinated to obtain 6-dap kernels . using a protocol for laser - capture microdissection ( lcm ) of plant tissues , and further modified using methods that were subsequently published , ... | endosperm is a product of double fertilization , and provides nutrients and signals to the embryo during seed development in flowering plants .
early stages of endosperm development are critical for the development of its storage capacity through synthesis and accumulation of starch and storage proteins . here
we r... |
insulin has been used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus ( dm ) since 1920 .
allergic reactions to these types of insulin were frequent due to the differences in the amino acid sequences with human insulin . at present , the prevalence of allergic reactions to insulin appears to be approximately 2% and less than ... | insulin is an important agent for the treatment of diabetes mellitus ( dm ) .
allergic reactions to insulin therapy , although rare , have been evident since animal insulin became available for the treatment of dm in 1922 .
hypersensitivity to insulin has considerably been reduced with the introduction of human ins... |
investigations of methoxyflurane - induced nephrotoxicity in man have been extensively aided by the use of an animal model . to be of value the animal model must share similar metabolic pathways with man and have the same clinical manifestations of the diseases process . the fischer 344 rat appears to meet these criter... | |
myoclonus may be a rare complication of stem cell transplant but has limited discussion in the scientific literature .
we present a case of an acute myeloid leukemia survivor who developed refractory myoclonic epilepsy four years after graft versus host disease ( gvhd ) developed six days following matched unrelated ... | introductionmyoclonus may be a rare complication of stem cell transplant but has limited discussion in the scientific literature.casewe present a case of an acute myeloid leukemia survivor who developed refractory myoclonic epilepsy four years after graft versus host disease ( gvhd ) developed six days following matche... |
mefloquine ( lariam ) , a synthetic quinoline introduced in the late 1970s for the prevention and treatment of malaria , has been linked to a wide range of adverse cardiovascular , gastrointestinal , and neuropsychiatric effects .
of particular concern are reports of an association between mefloquine use and severe a... | mefloquine use has been linked to severe gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric adverse effects , including cognitive disturbances , anxiety , depression , psychosis , and violence .
the adverse effects of the drug are thought to result from the secondary consequences of hepatocellular injury ; in fact , mefloquine is... |
in this paper we review recent aspects of the measurement of oxidized dna bases , currently a matter of debate .
there has long been an interest in the determination of the level of oxidized bases in cellular dna under both normal and oxidative stress conditions . in this respect ,
the situation is confusing becaus... | |
the accurate measurement of blood pressure is a fundamental component of any health - care practice to informing clinical care , especially in patients with hypertension and cardiovascular disease . since its introduction
, manual measurement using the auscultatory method with a mercury sphygmomanometer has been cons... | few studies have been conducted on blood pressure monitors and their use at high altitude .
this study is the first to evaluate an automated blood pressure device at high altitude following a standard validation protocol .
the omron hem-7201 upper arm automatic blood pressure monitor was tested for accuracy in lhas... |
the alternate congestion - decongestion response of the erectile tissue of nasal turbinate and septum of two nostrils leads to altered unilateral nasal resistance .
thus , the air flow through one nostril is greater than next at any given point of time which later switches to another .
the nasal cycle which lasts f... | objectives : to measure the effect of the right and left nostril yoga breathing on frontal hemodynamic responses in 32 right handed healthy male subjects within the age range of 1835 years ( 23.75 4.14 years).materials and methods : each subject practiced right nostril yoga breathing ( rnyb ) , left nostril yoga breat... |
liposarcoma is the most common of the soft tissue sarcomas encountered in adulthood .
liposarcomas are generally found in the extremities , retroperitoneum , and in inguinal lesions .
the clinical characteristics of liposarcomas closely reflect their pleomorphic histologies , and the large size lesions are more... | surgical resection was performed on a 47-year - old woman for a retroperitoneal mass that weighed 8.5 kg .
histological examination revealed a myxoid sarcomatous tumor .
because diagnosis could not be determined by immunohistochemistry , attention was focused on mdm2 ( murine double minute ) gene amplification by ... |
the transfusion of blood and blood products is an integral and essential part of hospital services .
the blood requisition in elective and emergency procedures from surgery , trauma and obstetrics and gynaecology departments are often associated with excessive demand for cross matching of blood which is often more th... | background and aims : excessive requests for cross matching blood which is more than the blood required for transfusion are usually based on worst case assumptions leading to overestimation of blood usage .
we investigated the blood ordering pattern and transfusion practices so as to incorporate a blood ordering sche... |
roundworm ( ascariasis ) infestation is common in the population with low socioeconomic status especially in developing countries .
patients with ascariasis may be present with different gastrointestinal symptoms but is difficult to diagnose in sedated or obtunded condition in an intensive care unit ( icu ) setup .
... | roundworm infestation is common in tropical climate population with a low socioeconomic status .
we describe a case of a young male with polytrauma accident who presented with small bowel dysfunction with a high gastric residual volume during enteral feeding . while searching the etiology , the intensivist performed ... |
syncope is an important risk factor for adverse cardiac event in patients with ischemic heart disease , especially those with myocardial infarction ( mi ) and/or left ventricular ( lv ) dysfunction and ventricular conduction defects.[14 ] the initial evaluation of a patient with syncope consists of history , physical e... | background : syncope is a well - known risk factor for adverse cardiovascular event in patients with coronary artery disease , especially those with previous myocardial infarction ( mi ) or left ventricular dysfunction . the aim of this study was to assess electrophysiologic findings and results of head - up tilt test ... |
he had developed sudden spontaneous penile swelling not accompanied by immediate detumescence while having vaginal intercourse 4 hours earlier .
the patient did not describe the classic " snap - pop " or rapid detumescence typically associated with penile fracture and denied any intracorporeal injection .
physical ... | dorsal vein rupture of the penis is a rare condition , and few cases have been reported in the literature .
herein we report a 41-year - old man who presented with mildly painful and acute swollen penis , which initially imitated a penile fracture but was surgically explored and shown to be a superficial dorsal vein ... |
human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv)-1 infection has spread to all population groups in india and has reached epidemic proportions . the rate of progression of hiv-1 disease exhibits a remarkable variation among different individuals .
many host genetic factors are now known to affect the disease progression rates , e... | background : genetic relationships among the ethnic groups are not uniform across the geographical region . considering this assumption
, we analyzed the frequency of the cc - chemokine receptor-5 ( ccr5)-32 allele of the ccr5 chemokine receptor , which is considered a caucasian marker , in bhil tribal and brahmin ca... |
radiation therapy ( rt ) is commonly administered for a range of pelvic malignancies . although the benefits of this treatment have been well - established , the majority of patients experience toxicity ( nausea , vomiting , and acute diarrhea ) because of the effect of the radiation on the small and large intestine . ... | background : radiation - induced discomfort is frequently observed during pelvic radiotherapy .
this study was performed to determine the effect of a green tea tablet to reduce the incidence of radiation - induced diarrhea and vomiting in patients with abdomen and pelvic malignancy.materials and methods : this random... |
however , antidepressants also have antinociceptive and analgesic effects and are widely prescribed in the treatment of chronic pain ( 2 , 3 ) .
antidepressants include the classic tricyclic drugs , nonselective norepinephrine / serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( amitriptyline , imipramine , clomipramine , and venlafaxi... | citalopram and paroxetine are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and also have antinociceptive effects .
we investigated the antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects of intrathecally administered morphine , citalopram , paroxetine , and combinations thereof , in a rat model in which peripheral inflammation was... |
metabolic encephalopathy ( me ) can be described as an interaction between hypoxia / anoxia , hepatic , renal , septic , immune - mediated , and electrolyte / endocrine disturbances , and is frequently confused with delirium , especially asociated with a rapidly progressive dementia . in the nonagenarians , an acute lo... | here we posit for discussion the example of a reversible metabolic encephalopthy in a very elderly male that was missed clinically . a metabolic encephalopathy in extrememly elderly patients
may be confused with delerium or inattention .
a reversible cause of cognative dysfunction in the aged may be missed by pract... |
peripheral artery occlusive disease ( paod ) resulting from atherosclerosis refers to partial or complete obstruction of the lower limb arteries .
patients with paod may be completely asymptomatic or present with atypical leg symptoms with an exercise limitation , classic intermittent claudication , or ischemic pain ... | abstractto investigate the effect of different dialysis modalities on the incidence of peripheral artery occlusive disease ( paod ) among patients with end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) in a large population - based cohort study.the cohort study included 26,927 esrd patients who underwent hemodialysis ( 17,737 patient... |
multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is a progressive neurologic disorder that often results in impaired mobility .
the effects of resistance training in ameliorating mobility deficits in people with ms ( pwms ) have been previously studied , but with inconsistent methodologies .
white et al . found improvements in 25-foot wa... | there is little literature examining the use of maximal strength training ( mst ) in people with multiple sclerosis ( pwms ) .
this pretest - posttest study examined the effects of a mst program on strength , walking , balance , and fatigue in a sample of pwms .
seven pwms ( median edss 3.0 , iqr 1.5 ) participated... |
carotid angioplasty and stenting ( cas ) has become an alternative option to carotid endarterectomy ( cea ) for treatment of carotid artery stenosis .
the carotid revascularization endarterectomy versus stenting trial ( crest ) supported this alternative treatment option although the periprocedural stroke rate was hi... | distal embolization resulting from carotid angioplasty and stenting ( cas ) occurs mainly in the cerebral hemisphere .
we report a case of ophthalmic artery occlusion after carotid revascularization .
a 75-year old man received emergency cas for cervical internal carotid artery occlusion .
two months later , the ... |
although it is very well known as a food , it is not well - recognized as a medicine .
the medicinal and antimicrobial activities of honey for wound healing have been introduced for approximately 4500 years , almost as long as bacteria have been known .
honey has been used as a medicine since ancient times [ 24 ] .... | objective : honey has antibacterial activity . the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of honey on streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus.materials and methods : in this in vitro study , solutions containing 0% , 5% , 10% , 20% , 50% and 100%(w / v ) of natural hamadan honey were prepared .
e... |
it has been associated with a number of positive effects including mood enhancement ( 2 ) , improved self - evaluation ( 20 ) , improved visual - spatial memory and increased positive affect ( 22 ) , and increased creativity ( 18 ) . while national standards exist to recommend how much , how often , and how intensely o... | this study examined the influence of exercise environment and gender on post - exercise mood and exertion .
college student participants ( 55 females , 49 males ) were instructed to pedal a stationary bike at a moderate pace for 20 minutes .
participants were randomly assigned to one of three laboratory conditions ... |
hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is one of the most common cancers in the world .
sorafenib , an oral molecular - targeted drug , has become the standard therapy for advanced hcc ( i.e. , extrahepatic metastases , unresectable or not eligible for locoregional therapy ) .
sorafenib is a multiple kinase inhibitor whi... | sorafenib is an effective treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) characterized by disease stabilization .
however , the response rates are very low ( < 9%percnt ; ) , and a complete response is rarely achieved .
we report an extremely rare case of a hcc patient with multiple lung metastases tre... |
subcellular relocalization of signaling proteins in response to external signals is critical for recruitment of signaling cascades and efficient signaling . in yeast
, mating pheromones result in the redistribution of several proteins required for responses to this signal including the map kinase scaffold protein ste... | cdc24p , the gdp / gtp exchange factor for the regulator of actin cytoskeleton cdc42p , localizes to sites of polarized growth . here we show that cdc24p shuttles in and out of the yeast nucleus during vegetative growth .
far1p is necessary and sufficient for nuclear accumulation of cdc24p , suggesting that its nucle... |
rett syndrome ( rtt ) , for a long time included among the autism spectrum disorders ( asds ) , is a nosologically distinct , genetically determined neurological entity associated in up to 95% of cases to de novo loss - of - function mutations in the x - chromosome - linked gene encoding the methyl - cpg - binding prot... | rett syndrome ( rtt ) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder mainly linked to mutations in the gene encoding the methyl - cpg - binding protein 2 ( mecp2 ) .
respiratory dysfunction , historically credited to brainstem immaturity , represents a major challenge in rtt .
our aim was to characterize the relationsh... |
with a rapid rise in the prevalence of chronic conditions and the ensuing demand placed on health services , the sustainability of most health care systems around the globe has been threatened . during the last decade ,
the strategy of choice has been to focus on promoting healthy lifestyles and choices [ 2 , 3 ] , t... | recent shifts in health policy direction in several countries have , on the whole , translated into self - management initiatives in the hope that this approach will address the growing impact of chronic disease .
dominant approaches to self - management tend to reinforce the current medical model of chronic disease ... |
below - the - knee ( btk ) revascularization encompassing endovascular angioplasty and distal bypass surgery is essential for successful treatment of ischemic diabetic foot ulcers .
angiosome - guided revascularization is a paradigm that has generated considerable interest since studies have suggested that direct rev... | purpose .
angiosome - guided revascularization is an approach that improves wound healing but requires a surgeon to determine which angiosomes are ischemic .
this process can be more difficult than anticipated because diabetic foot ( df ) wounds vary greatly in quantity , morphology , and topography .
this paper ... |
pulmonary artery sarcoma ( pas ) is a rare malignancy arising from the mesenchymal cells of the intima of the pulmonary artery .
it is frequently misdiagnosed as pulmonary thromboembolism ( pte ) , although chest computed tomography ( ct ) can help differentiate pas from pte by showing a low - attenuation filling def... | pulmonary artery sarcoma ( pas ) , although rare , must be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism ( pte ) . this tumor is highly malignant and the prognosis is very poor . as much as the standardized uptake values ( suvs ) at fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ( 1... |
the visual prognosis in an eye with traumatic endophthalmitis is very poor , much worse than in an eye with postoperative endophthalmitis , because the physical effect of the trauma itself has a major consequence on the visual function .
also , the pathogens that cause traumatic endophthalmitis are distinct and more ... | purpose . to evaluate the outcome and identify the prognostic factors of traumatic endophthalmitis over a 5-year period . methods .
we reviewed the medical records of all the traumatic endophthalmities that we treated in our department over the last 5 years ( 20092013 ) .
we extracted the following parameters : age... |
fasting and postprandial plasma glucose concentrations ( pg ) are principal diagnostic markers of diabetes mellitus . physiological development of pg in the course of day and night is a prerequisite for the optimum physical and intellectual working capacity and prevention of diabetes complications .
however , in dail... | aim of this trial was to assess ( 1 ) the accuracy and precision of electrochemistry - based glucometers contourlink , calla , and linus and ( 2 ) the diabetes control using ambulatory glycaemic profiles ( agp ) as markers of therapeutic effectiveness .
glucometers and cobas integra 400 plus analyzer were used by one... |
a 52-year old male patient , 177 cm in height and weighing 61 kg , was admitted to the hospital emergency room .
he had experienced general weakness starting 10 days earlier and complained of right upper quadrant pain that had started 4 - 5 days before being admitted .
the patient had been diagnosed with pc - type ... | castleman 's disease ( cd ) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder of undetermined etiology .
unicentric castleman 's disease is confined to a single lymph node ; it is usually asymptomatic though sometimes has local manifestations related to mass effects .
in contrast , multicentric castleman 's disease ( mcd ) ty... |
pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis ( pci ) is a rare condition characterized by the presence of air within the submucosa and/or subserosa of the intestinal wall .
abdominal radiography , contrast enema , ultrasonography and computed tomography ( ct ) scan can demonstrate the presence of intramural intestinal gas [ 2 ... | pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis ( pci ) is an uncommon disease that generally lacks symptoms and is rarely associated with intussusception .
a 29-year - old man visited our hospital for right upper abdominal pain . computed tomography ( ct ) scan revealed multiple air - filled cysts along the intestinal wall and a... |
search is a multicenter study that conducts population - based ascertainment of newly diagnosed cases of nongestational diabetes in youths aged < 20 years ( 4 ) .
youths with diabetes were identified in defined geographic regions or among health care management organization members ( 4 ) .
for all cases , core info... | objectiveto describe an etiologic approach to classification of diabetes types in youth based on the 1997 american diabetes association ( ada ) framework , using data from the search for diabetes in youth study.research design and methodssearch conducted a comprehensive assessment of 2,291 subjects aged < 20 years with... |
nosocomial infections are a common problem in hospitals , particularly in the intensive care unit ( icu ) .
they are associated with increased morbidity and mortality , and are responsible for considerable costs .
infections with organisms that are resistant to antimicrobial agents , such as methicillin - resistant... | an elderly patient dies from septic shock in the intensive care unit .
this is perhaps not an unusual scenario , but in this case the sepsis happens to have been due to methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus , possibly related to a catheter , and possibly transmitted from a patient in a neighbouring room by le... |
currently , tumor necrosis factor alpha ( tnf - alpha ) inhibitors are widely used for many kinds of autoimmune disorders . among them , adalimumab ( humira , abbvie inc , north chicago , il ) is used worldwide in treating plaque - type psoriasis , psoriatic arthritis , rheumatoid arthritis , juvenile idiopathic arthri... | abstractcurrently , tumor necrosis factor alpha ( tnf - alpha ) inhibitors are widely used for many autoimmune disorders . however , they cause an immunocompromised status that sometimes leads to many cutaneous side effects including atypical infections . herein , we report the first case of adalimumab - related majocc... |
reactive oxygen species ( ros ) have
been implicated in the pathogenesis of various human diseases , particular
cardiac disorders [ 1 , 2 ] .
ros include a number of oxygen - containing reactive
species , among which superoxide and hydrogen peroxide ( h2o2 )
are most widely studied in biomedical field [ 3 , 4... | we have applied the highly sensitive chemiluminescence ( cl ) imaging
technique to investigate the in situ ros formation in cultured monolayers of rat h9c2 cardiomyocytes .
photon emission was detected via an innovative imaging system after incubation of h9c2 cells in culture with luminol and horseradish peroxidase... |
organophosphate ( op ) and carbamates ( cm ) are important insecticides that are used in developing countries .
the inhibition of cholinesterase inhibitor activity cause accumulation of acetylcholine at synapses , causing overstimulation and disruption of neurotransmission in both the central and peripheral nervous s... | backgroundorganophosphates and carbamates are insecticides that are associated with high human mortality .
the purpose of this study is to investigate the prognostic factors affecting survival in patients with cholinesterase inhibitor ( ci ) poisoning.material/methodsthis study included 92 patients with ci poisoning ... |
the pgen study was approved by the partners human research committee and the university of michigan school of public health institutional review board .
( pathway ) were recruited online after placing an order for dtc - pgt between march and july 2012 .
participants were invited to three web - based surveys adminis... | purposeto measure changes to genetics knowledge and self - efficacy following personal genomic testing ( pgt).methodsnew customers of 23andme and pathway genomics completed a series of online surveys . prior to receipt of results , and 6 months post - results , we measured genetics knowledge ( 9 true / false items ) an... |
breast cancer is a major health problem that affects the lives of millions . for the year 2012 , it was estimated that 226,870 women in the united states will be diagnosed with breast cancer and that 39,510 women will succumb to it [ 1 , 2 ] . with these numbers ,
breast cancer is the leading cancer diagnosed in the ... | breast cancer remains a deadly disease , even with all the recent technological advancements .
early intervention has made an impact , but an overwhelmingly large number of breast cancer patients still live under the fear of recurrent disease .
breast cancer recurrence is clinically a huge problem and one that is... |
we conducted a population - based retrospective cohort study using administrative databases from ontario , canada , that included hospital discharge abstracts , physician service claims , and demographic data .
the ontario diabetes database is a validated registry of physician - diagnosed nongestational diabetes that... | objective to determine whether women with gestational diabetes mellitus ( gdm ) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) following pregnancy.research design and methods all women aged 2049 years with live births between april 1994 and march 1997 in ontario , canada , were identified .
women with gdm... |
bilateral acute occlusion of the carotid arteries leads to coma and neurological deficits resembling thrombosis of the basilar artery .
this is reported to occur in less than 1% of the patients in stroke series .
there are only a few reports in the literature of acute bilateral occlusion of the m1 segments of the m... | we report a case with acute small infarct of the left middle cerebral artery in a 72-year - old man with atrial fibrillation documented by mri and mr angiography .
one hour later , he lost consciousness and ct with ct angiography revealed bilateral hyperdense middle cerebral arteries due to occlusion of the m1 segmen... |
, currently affecting 29.1 million americans ( 1 ) and projected to impact > 40 million individuals by 2034 ( 2 ) .
national surveys show that the large majority of individuals with t2d are not at recommended treatment goals for its underlying risk factors , namely , hyperglycemia , hypertension , and dyslipidemia ( ... | objectiveto compare usual diabetes care ( udc ) to a comprehensive diabetes care intervention condition ( ic ) involving an internet - based diabetes dashboard
management tool used by clinicians.research design and methodswe used a parallel - group randomized design .
diabetes nurses , diabetes dietitians , and pr... |
the complications of hiv / aids can produce grossly abnormal pathology . in low - resourced settings , women can present late with huge lesions .
massive vulval pathology copresenting in pregnancy produces difficulties in managing the patients and may lead to poor maternal or fetal outcomes .
a 27-year - old p1 g2 ... | introductionthe complications of hiv / aids can produce grossly abnormal pathology . in low - resourced settings , women can present late with huge lesions .
massive vulval pathology copresenting in pregnancy produces difficulties in managing the patients and may lead to poor maternal or fetal outcomes.case reporta 2... |
superior vena cava ( svc ) drains blood from the head and upper extremities to the heart . when the blood flow becomes limited by extraluminal compression or intraluminal obstruction
as svc obstruction progresses , the blood pressure in the venous system increases and the collateral vessels dilate .
the severity of... | total absence of superior vena cava ( svc ) is a very rare anomaly , and the patient usually suffers from svc syndrome or conduction disturbances .
we report an asymptomatic 27 year - old male , with complete absence of svc .
transthoracic echocardiography and computed tomography demonstrated the absence of svc and... |
a number of epidemiological studies of the potential health effects of man made vitreous fibers have been carried out .
the main concern is that because these fibers are structurally very similar to the asbestos fibers mmvs can also cause respiratory disease such as occupational related asthma , interstitial pneumoni... | introductionnumerous epidemiological animal model studies have been conducted in order to assess the health effects of man - made vitreous fibers .
they have been shown to be responsible for producing lung fibrosis and lung and peritoneal cancer in animal models .
a few large cohort studies were conducted in europe... |
the preparation of xenopus laevis oocytes , nuclei and nuclear envelopes was carried out as described previously with the exception that coverslip substrates were incubated for 30 minutes with 0.1% ( w / v ) poly - l - lysine ( sigma - aldrich , st .
nuclear envelope samples were kept unfixed in a buffer containing 8... | the nuclear pore complex ( npc ) is the gate for transport between the cell nucleus and the cytoplasm .
small molecules cross the npc by passive diffusion , but molecules larger than ~5 nm must bind to nuclear transport receptors to overcome a selective barrier within the npc1 . whilst the structure and shape of the ... |
firefighting is a hazardous profession that often requires strenuous work in dynamic and unpredictable environments .
firefighters and emergency medical services employees have been shown to be at higher risk of non - fatal injury than most other us workers.13 in 2012 , the 1.1 million career and volunteer firefighte... | backgroundfirefighting is a hazardous profession and firefighters suffer workplace injury at a higher rate than most us workers .
decreased physical fitness is associated with injury in firefighters .
a physical fitness intervention was implemented among tucson fire department recruit firefighters with the goals of... |
the combination of easily available high - calorie food and physical inactivity is driving the rising prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome . non - alcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) is more than simply a hepatic disease .
rather , it is a hepatic presentation of obesity with metabolic impairment by the ... | non - alcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) is a hepatic presentation of obesity and metabolic syndrome .
nafld includes a large spectrum of hepatic pathologies that range from simple steatosis and non - alcoholic steatohepatitis ( nash ) , to liver cirrhosis without an all - encompassing approved therapeutic strat... |
plague is caused by the gram - negative bacterium yersinia pestis ; it is primarily a disease of rodents , which can cause zoonotic disease directly via the aerosol route or indirectly via arthropod vectors . throughout history , human pandemics
have been caused , the greatest being during the middle ages where at le... | new vaccines against biodefense - related and emerging pathogens are being prepared for licensure using the us federal drug administration 's animal rule .
this allows licensure of drugs and vaccines using protection data generated in animal models .
a new acellular plague vaccine composed of two separate recombin... |
patients with differentiated carcinoma of thyroid ( dct ) receive lifelong levothyroxine ( lt4 ) replacement therapy after undergoing total thyroidectomy and subsequent radioiodine therapy ( rit ) .
lt4 is given in thyroid - stimulating hormone ( tsh ) suppressive dose to keep the patients in subclinical hyperthyroid... | objective : the objective of this study was to optimize dose of levothyroxine ( lt4 ) based on lean body mass ( lbm ) in young athyrotic patients with differentiated carcinoma of thyroid ( dct ) which has not been properly addressed in bangladesh before.materials and methods : sixty patients with dct ( age , range : 20... |
the most important consideration in designing a free - end saddles / distal extension removable partial denture , or cpd , for optimum function is as devan stated the perpetual preservation of that which remains , and not the meticulous replacement of that which has been lost . cast partial denture made using the alt... | free - end saddles are liable to be displaced under occlusal pressure .
this is as a result of the displaceability of the mucosa .
the altered cast technique is employed to try and prevent this by making an impression of the mucosa under controlled pressure .
the metal framework was constructed on a cast produced... |
our genome is constantly assaulted by genotoxic agents , which not only compromise the integrity of dna and its packaging into chromatin but also perturb cell transcriptional programs by interfering with the progression and function of transcription machineries . if left unrepaired , dna damage can lead to the produc... | dna damage interferes with the progression of transcription machineries .
a tight coordination of transcription with signaling and repair of dna damage is thus critical for safeguarding genome function .
this coordination involves modulations of chromatin organization . here
, we focus on the central role of chro... |
the pathogenesis and long - term natural history of glaucomatous optic neuropathy is still under active investigation .
many clinical trials have confirmed the key role intraocular pressure ( iop ) plays in the development and progression of open - angle glaucoma [ 114 ] .
such studies have shown that lowering iop ... | purpose . to compare a new digital goldmann applanation tonometer ( dgat ) that measures intraocular pressure ( iop ) in 0.1 mmhg increments to a standard goldmann applanation tonometer ( sgat )
. methods . this study included 116 eyes of 60 subjects . a single examiner first measured iop in triplicate using either ... |
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