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ten independent and well - characterized ms case data sets were analyzed ( table 1 ) .
the analysis included 1,079 white non - hispanic ms patients recruited from kaiser permanente medical care plan in the northern california region ( kpnc ) .
the following additional cases were included : 1,019 ms white non - hisp... | objective : we investigated the association between 52 risk variants identified through genome - wide association studies and disease severity in multiple sclerosis ( ms).methods : ten unique ms case data sets were analyzed .
the multiple sclerosis severity score ( msss ) was calculated using the expanded disability ... |
the steady - state level of core histone acetylation is modulated by a dynamic balance between histone acetyl transferases and histone deacetylases ( hdacs ) .
histone acetylation results in relaxation of the chromatin structure , allowing access to transcription factors whereas deacetylation is associated with repre... | valproic acid ( vpa ) , a histone deacetylase inhibitor , has been demonstrated to cause a marked decrease in proliferation of prostate cancer ( pca ) cells in vitro and a significant reduction in tumor volume in vivo .
the goal of this study is to better understand the vpa - induced growth inhibition in vivo , by st... |
osteoporosis is a chronic condition characterized by decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone microarchitecture which compromises bone strength predisposing to fragility fractures .
current available treatments for osteoporosis are selective estrogen - receptor modulators , antiresorptive medications which inclu... | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of denosumab ( dmab ) on bone mineral density ( bmd ) and bone turnover markers after 1 year of treatment .
additionally , the effect of dmab in bisphosphonate - nave patients ( bp - nave ) compared to patients previously treated with bisphosphonates ( bp - prior ) was... |
the aneurysms originating from carotid - opthalmic artery , supraclinoid internal carotid artery , and internal carotid artery bifurcation are more likely to present with symptoms of anterior visual pathway compression .
a 65 years old , gentleman presented with headache of 3 months duration , and loss of vision in r... | anterior communicating artery aneurysm rarely presents with symptoms of compression of anterior visual pathways .
we report a case of 65 years old man , who had complete loss of vision in right eye and temporal hemianopsia in left eye due to giant anterior communicating artery aneurysm . |
anti - glomerular basement membrane ( anti - gbm ) disease and anti - neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody ( anca)-associated systemic vasculitis are each clinically associated with the development of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis .
double positive , was seen in 5% to 14% of ancas - positive patients , and 21% t... | abstractanti - glomerular basement membrane ( anti - gbm ) disease and anti - neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody ( anca)-associated vasculitis both could cause rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis .
the coexistence of ancas and anti - gbm antibodies was known as
double positive , which was extremely rare in childre... |
we report 19 cases of confirmed autochthonous dengue fever treated at the national center for global health and medicine in tokyo , japan , during august 26september 22 , 2014 ( tables 1 , 2 ; technical appendix table ) . because the national center for global health and medicine is located close to the epicenter of th... | after 70 years with no confirmed autochthonous cases of dengue fever in japan , 19 cases were reported during august
september 2014 .
dengue virus serotype 1 was detected in 18 patients .
phylogenetic analysis of the envelope protein genome sequence from 3 patients revealed 100% identity with the strain from the ... |
musculoskeletal disorders ( msds ) are identified as work - related diseases from the time of ramazzini in the 18 century who described classical cases of such injuries in his book .
they cause work - related disability in workers with notable financial outcomes due to direct and indirect ( i.e. , restricted or lost ... | background : musculoskeletal disorders ( msds ) are known to cause occupational injuries .
this study aimed to collate the existed relevant data and develop a general feature of msds problem among iranian workforce.methods:in this study , we used the raw data related to 8004 employees from 20 iranian industrial setti... |
following initial surgery , the recurrence risk for differentiated thyroid cancer ( dtc ) is defined as low , intermediate , or high .
treatment with radioactive iodine ( rai ) is also used for remnant ablation and for patients with local and distant metastases .
administration of rai requires increased tsh to maxi... | introduction .
recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone ( rhtsh ) is approved for preparation of thyroid remnant ablation with radioactive iodine ( rai ) in low risk patients with well differentiated thyroid cancer ( dtc ) .
we studied the safety and efficacy of rhtsh preparation for rai treatment of thyroid c... |
with the remarkable growth of disability- and rehabilitation - related research in the last decade , it is imperative that we support the highest quality research possible . with cuts in research funding ,
rehabilitation research is now under a microscope like never before , and it is critical that we put our best fo... | journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation advocates the complete and transparent reporting of research and methods , and is pleased to be part of an initiative to mandate the use of reporting guidelines .
this editorial is a republication of a previously published editorial in archives of physical medicine and r... |
jak ptk inhibitor cmp6 ( 2-tert - butyl-9-fluoro-3,6-dihydro-7hbenz[h]-imidaz[4,5-f]isoquin - oline-7-one ) was from calbiochem ( san diego , ca ) , and dexamethasone and insulin from sigma - aldrich ( st louis , mo ) .
rabbit -phospho - akt - s473 , -phospho - stat3-y705 , -akt and -stat3 were from cell signaling ( ... | objectiveinsulin - induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ( pi3k)/akt signaling and interleukin-6 ( il-6)-instigated jak / stat3-signaling pathways in the liver inhibit the expression of gluconeogenic genes to decrease hepatic glucose output . the insulin receptor ( ir ) and jak1 tyrosine kinases and stat3 can serve as ... |
motor problems have been reported as common in persons with intellectual disabilities since
intellectual disabilities are conditions that affect cognitive and motor functions1 . intellectual disabilities negatively affect
the life of a person with disability also by decreasing their motor function , which is
mani... | [ purpose ] the aim of the study was to assess the effect of an 8-week balance exercise
program for enhancement of gait function on temporal and spatial parameters of school aged
children with intellectual disabilities . [ subjects ] forty young people with intellectual
disabilities were assigned either to the ba... |
we used standard protocols to prepare the actin filaments and heavy meromyosin ( hmm ) motor proteins .
fluorescently labelled filaments stabilised with alexa fluor 488 phalloidin were used to visualise filaments with a fluorescence microscopy .
flow chambers built from nitrocellulose - coated coverslips were incub... | living matter has the extraordinary ability to behave in a concerted manner , which is exemplified throughout nature ranging from the self - organisation of the cytoskeleton to flocks of animals [ 14 ] .
the microscopic dynamics of constituents have been linked to the system s meso- or macroscopic behaviour in silico... |
dabigatran ( pradaxa , boehringer - ingelheim ) is a direct thrombin inhibitor that is often substituted for warfarin because monitoring of anticoagulation is not required . in the re - ly study ( randomized evaluation of long - term anticoagulation therapy ) , dabigatran was non - inferior to warfarin in reducing inci... | dabigatran is a direct thrombin inhibitor used as an alternative to warfarin for long - term anticoagulation .
we describe a patient who developed acute kidney injury ( aki ) in the setting of warfarin conversion to dabigatran , and a renal biopsy demonstrating acute tubular injury .
although the patient had undiag... |
from june 2009 to october 2010 , 210 patients who had been diagnosed with rotator cuff tears and treated via arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were included as subjects . after obtaining institutional review board approval ( no .
12 - 005 ) by inje university busan paik hospital to review patients ' charts , a retrosp... | backgroundwe evaluated the factors that affect pain pattern after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.methodsfrom june 2009 to october 2010 , 210 patients underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair operations . of them ,
84 patients were enrolled as subjects of the present study .
the evaluation of postoperative pain ... |
certain concerns like ( 1 ) laparoscopic repair is performed transperitoneally unlike extraperitoneal approach in open surgery leading to peritoneal violation , ( 2 ) unnecessary handling of vas and testicular vessels leading to testicular atrophy , ( 3 ) need of controlled general anaesthesia when one can manage it wi... | background : authors report incise , dissect , excise and suture ( ides ) technique of laparoscopic repair of paediatric male inguinal hernia ( lrpmih ) .
this series retrospectively evaluates a consecutive personal series of children undergoing laparoscopic hernia repair by this new technique.materials and methods :... |
one of the most important principles of shaping the root canal system is to maintain the original canal anatomy during a continuously tapering preparation .
it is difficult to achieve this goal , especially in curved root canals because endodontic instruments are manufactured from straight metal blanks .
this resul... | objective : we aimed here to evaluate the enlargement characteristics of two nickel - titanium rotary instrument systems that use two different preparation techniques , in simulated root canals under operator - related variables standardized conditions.materials and methods : a total of 40 simulated canals in resin b... |
trigeminal neuralgia is a syndrome resulting from dysfunctional hyperactivity of the trigeminal nerve , and is defined as a sudden , usually unilateral , recurrent lancinating pain arising from one or more divisions of the nerve . the incidence of trigeminal neuralgia is 4.5 per 100 000 people .
it is found more ofte... | trigeminal neuralgia is a syndrome due to dysfunctional hyperactivity of the trigeminal nerve , and is characterized by a sudden , usually unilateral , recurrent lancinating pain arising from one or more divisions of the nerve . the most accepted pathogenetic mechanism for trigeminal neuralgia is compression of the ner... |
locoregional staging for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ( hnscc ) is performed using a combination of clinical examination , examination under anaesthetic and crosssectional imaging with computed tomography ( ct ) and/or magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) .
anatomical imaging is fundamentally limited for detec... | introduction . to determine the value of a fdg - pet - ct scan in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ( hnscc ) prior to chemoradiotherapy .
materials and methods .
consecutive patients with stage iii or iv hnscc who had undergone a staging fdg - pet - ct scan prior to chemoradiothe... |
antibiotic - resistant bacteria are implicated in an increasing amount of hospitalized patient infections worldwide . among patients diagnosed with an infection , antibiotic resistance
is associated with an increased length of hospital stay , health care costs , and patient morbidity , and mortality .
improved hand... | objective .
this study evaluates the bacterial contamination rate of items in the hospital setting that are in frequent contact with patients and/or physicians . by determining the bacterial species and the associated antibiotic resistance that patients are exposed to .
methods .
hospital - based cross - sectiona... |
intra - articular glenoid fractures are extremely rare and may be associated with other injuries .
traditionally open reduction and internal fixation has been recommended in displaced intra - articular glenoid fractures .
however open reduction is difficult and it may not be possible to address the associated intra... | introduction : intra - articular glenoid fractures are extremely rare and may be associated with other injuries .
traditionally open reduction and internal fixation has been recommended in displaced intra - articular glenoid fractures .
however open reduction is difficult and it may not be possible to address the a... |
one of the most fascinating and challenging research frontiers in
this field is the development of organic solar cells . in organic photovoltaic
systems ,
exciton ( electron hole pair ) transfer followed by
population transfer of electrons occurring via charge transfer ( ct )
states to a donor / acceptor ( d... | the
absorption and fluorescence spectra of poly(p - phenylenevinylene )
( ppv ) oligomers with up to seven repeat units
were theoretically investigated using the algebraic diagrammatic construction
method to second order , adc(2 ) , combined with the resolution - of - the - identity
( ri ) approach .
the gr... |
they can be classified as resident ( attached to a particular tissue ) , or migrating ( free ) cells .
resident macrophages adapt to the local environment in order to carry out specific functions , e.g. control inflammation or restore damaged tissue . despite heterogeneity resulting from the settlement of various org... | pleural macrophages are involved in local defense mechanisms against environmental pollution , bacteria and cancer .
their main function encompasses phagocytosis of degenerated mesothelial cells . in human pleural effusions
macrophages represent more than half of all cells . a model of polarized macrophage activati... |
patients with chronic heart failure ( chf ) are characterized by systemic inflammation , as evidenced by raised circulating levels of several inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor- ( tnf- ) , interleukin- ( il- ) 1 , and il-6 as well as chemokines , for example , monocyte chemoattractant peptide- ( mcp-... | the effect of vitamin d pertinent to cardiovascular health on the heart itself is considered to shift toward an anti - inflammatory response in chronic heart failure ( chf ) ; however , its underlying mechanism is not completely understood . in this study , we demonstrated that plasma 25(oh)d level , negatively associa... |
periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease , which results in the destruction of periodontal connective tissue , alveolar bone resorption , and tooth loss.1,2 lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) leads to chronic inflammation resulting in disruption of the structural integrity of the periodontal ligament and progressive alv... | backgroundas an adjunctive treatment of chronic periodontitis , it seems that the application of periocline or the other antimicrobials is effective against periodontopathogens . in this study , nanoliposomes were investigated as carriers of minocycline hydrochloride and the inhibition effects of minocycline hydrochlor... |
the ongoing evolution of projects on structural genomics is making it increasingly important to collect , access and diagrammatically present information about the sequence , structure and function of any given macromolecule described in a protein data bank ( pdb ) file .
the systematic comparison of such information... | the sting report is a versatile web - based application for extraction and presentation of detailed information about any individual amino acid of a protein structure stored in the sting database .
the extracted information is presented as a series of gif images and tables , containing the values of up to 125 sequenc... |
the article from wu and colleagues investigates the question of using immunostimulation as a new approach in treating sepsis .
the incidence of sepsis , and particularly severe sepsis , is expected to markedly increase in the next decade due to the aging population and more widespread use of therapies that compromise... | a recent randomized controlled clinical trial of the immunostimulatory agent thymosin alpha-1 was conducted and showed a trend toward improved survival in patients receiving the drug ( p = 0.06 ) .
although this was a relatively small study and the exact mechanism of action of thymosin alpha-1 is not known , the pres... |
the cornerstone of accurate tissue diagnosis is a pathologist viewing and correctly interpreting a microscopic image .
a number of other important skills such as clinicopathological correlation are also important , but visual pattern recognition is the critical element . the gradual acquisition of pattern recognition... | background : identifying new and more robust assessments of proficiency / expertise ( finding new biomarkers of expertise ) in histopathology is desirable for many reasons .
advances in digital pathology permit new and innovative tests such as flash viewing tests and eye tracking and slide navigation analyses that ... |
written informed consent and agreement for publication were obtained from the patient . a 73-year - old woman ( height 153 cm , weight 56 kg , asa ii )
was admitted to our hospital as an emergency because of acute perforation of the small bowel with hemoperitoneum .
preoperative insertion of a central venous cathet... | phrenic nerve paralysis is an unusual complication associated with central venous catheterization .
various mechanisms have been proposed .
we present a case of transient right hemidiaphragmatic paralysis after subclavian venous catheterization .
we hypothesize that anatomical variation of the phrenic nerve was r... |
for a long time , gene regulatory network has been mainly focusing on protein coding genes 1 .
however , the fact that about 90% of the human genome is transcribed at specific time points during the development yet only 1% is protein coding , suggests that abundant remaining gene sequences are still unknown 2 .
alt... | long noncoding rnas belong to a class of noncoding rnas longer than 200 nucleotides with the epigenetic regulation potential . as a novel molecular regulator
, lncrnas are often dysregulated in various pathological conditions and display multiple functions in a wide range of biological processes .
given that recent... |
a 41-year - old male patient presented with a complaint of deteriorating dyspnea for two months . at room air circumstances ,
arterial blood gas analysis was ph 7.39 , paco2 35.7 mmhg , pao2 64.2 mmhg , hco3 -21.2 mmol / l , and sao2 92.5% .
chest x - ray showed a circumscribed mass shadow in the left lower lobe ar... | pulmonary arteriovenous malformation ( pavm ) is a rare anomalous direct communication between the pulmonary artery and vein with a considerable risk of serious complications such as cerebral thromboembolism or abscess and pulmonary hemorrhage .
although the past , surgical resection such as lobectomy was mostly used... |
the fukushima nuclear accident ( mar . 11 ,
2011 ) is regarded as one
of the severest environmental disasters in the 21st century .
the release of radionuclides into the environment in the course
of this accident has only been exceeded by the chernobyl nuclear accident
and the cumulative release from atmosphe... | in an unprecedented food monitoring
campaign for radionuclides ,
the japanese government took action to secure food safety after the
fukushima nuclear accident ( mar . 11 , 2011 ) .
in this work we analyze
a part of the immense data set , in particular radiocesium contaminations
in food from the first year ... |
inflammation is classically characterized as heat ( calor ) , pain ( dolor ) , redness ( rubor ) , and swelling ( tumor ) .
the short - term adaptive response of inflammation is crucial for integration of injury response and repair in cells and tissues .
it has recently been shown that low - grade and chronic featu... | over the past decade , a large body of evidence has emerged demonstrating an integration of metabolic and immune response pathways .
it is now clear that obesity and associated disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are associated with a metabolically driven , low - grade , chronic inflammatory stat... |
though reports of small bowel metastatic malignant melanoma are uncommon , their presentations as intussusception are rare
. these metastases can present with almost any gastrointestinal symptom , which makes diagnosis difficult .
further , autopsy reports show much higher incidence of metastases to bowel than repo... | we report here a rare case of metastatic malignant melanoma presenting as ileo - ileal intussusception .
a 66-year - old man revealed a past medical history of excision of malignant melanoma , followed by axillary lymph node spread treated with block dissection and radiotherapy .
he presented with symptoms of small... |
conjugated microporous
polymers ( cmps ) and related materials , such as
covalent triazine - based frameworks ( ctfs ) and
porous aromatic frameworks ( pafs ) , are a fascinating
class of materials that can , in some cases , combine microporosity
with useful physical properties that arise from their electroni... | the photophysical properties of insoluble
porous pyrene networks ,
which are central to their function , differ strongly from those of
analogous soluble linear and branched polymers and dendrimers .
this
can be rationalized by the presence of strained closed rings in the
networks .
a combined experimental... |
na / h exchangers ( nhes ) are a class of membrane proteins involved in cellular ph control . during the past decades
, several compounds belonging to the amiloride family have been developed as inhibitors of these membrane exchangers , for both basic research and pharmacological application purposes .
the first nh... | hma ( 5-(n , n - hexamethylene)amiloride ) , which belongs to a family of novel amiloride derivatives , is one of the most effective inhibitors of na+/h+ exchangers , while uneffective against na+ channels and na+/ca2 + exchangers . in this study
, we provided evidence that hma can act as a fluorescent probe .
in f... |
borderline ovarian tumors , as a distinct category were first recognized by taylor in 1929 who used terminologies like semi - malignant and borderline to describe them .
subsequent who classifications separated this group from carcinomas and called them as atypical proliferative ovarian tumors or borderline tumors ... | borderline ovarian tumors represent 10 - 20% of epithelial ovarian neoplasms that typically have an excellent prognosis .
both the oncological behavior of this group of tumors and also the diagnostic histological criteria are intermediate between the specific criteria of benign and malignant .
they usually occur in... |
pregnancy is characterized by a complex endocrine - metabolic adaptation process including impaired insulin sensitivity , increased -cell function , moderate elevation of blood glucose levels , particularly following the ingestion of a meal , and changes in the circulating levels of free fatty acids , triglycerides , c... | considering old gdm diagnostic criteria , alterations in insulin secretion and action are present in women with gdm as well as in women with one abnormal value ( oav ) during ogtt .
our aim is to assess if changes in insulin action and secretion during pregnancy are related to 1-hour plasma glucose concentration duri... |
neisseria subflava is a family of the so - called commensal neisseria that is a part of the normal oral flora .
commensal neisseria is a rare cause of invasive diseases such as meningitis , endocarditis , bacteremia , ocular infections , pericarditis , empyema , peritonitis , septic arthritis , bursitis , and osteomy... | we herein report a case of acute cholangitis and bacteremia caused by a commensal neisseria species , neisseria subflava , in an 82-year - old man with cholangiocarcinoma .
emergency endoscopic nasobiliary drainage and cefoperazone / sulbactam therapy were effective .
gram negative coccobacilli were isolated from b... |
sex determination can vary widely within clades , with mechanisms as different as environmental and genetic determination occurring in related species , which indicates frequent de novo evolution of sex - determining mechanisms ( bull 1983 ) .
heteromorphic sex chromosomes such as the xy pair of mammals have arisen... | in many eukaryotic organisms , gender is determined by a pair of heteromorphic sex chromosomes .
degeneration of the non - recombining y chromosome is a general facet of sex chromosome evolution .
selective pressure to restore expression levels of x - linked genes relative to autosomes accompanies y - chromosome de... |
however , only 40% of patients are eligible for radical surgical procedures ( tis - t3 n0 - 1 m0 ) [ 1 , 2 ] . the methods of surgical treatment for escc in the thoracic region and the cardia include radical esophagectomy with subsequent reconstruction of the gastrointestinal tract using fragments of the stomach , colo... | surgery is the treatment of choice for squamous cell esophageal cancer .
complete resection of the esophagus with reconstruction of the digestive tract is performed for tumors located in the chest or cardia .
the aim of the report is to present the case of a complete esophageal and gastric resection complicated by ... |
obesity and osteoporosis are two public health problems with an increasing prevalence and high impact on morbidity and mortality which , during the last two decades , have become major health threats worldwide.13 osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mineral density ( bmd ) and microarch... | obesity was commonly thought to be advantageous for maintaining healthy bones due to the higher bone mineral density observed in overweight individuals .
however , several recent studies have challenged the widespread belief that obesity is protective against fracture and have suggested that obesity is a risk factor ... |
micrornas ( mirnas ) , a distinct class of ~22 nt single - stranded noncoding endogenous rnas , play pivotal roles in negatively regulating gene expression by targeting mrnas with an influence on multiple biological processes in plants and animals , including cell growth , differentiation , and apoptosis [ 13 ] .
th... | mir-548 is a larger , poorly conserved primate - specific mirna gene family .
69 human mir-548 genes located in almost all human chromosomes whose widespread distribution pattern implicates the evolutionary origin from transposable elements .
higher level of nucleotide divergence was detected between these human mi... |
bowel obstruction is a common surgical admission around the world usually resulting from post surgical adhesions or abdominal hernias .
conversely , small intestinal tumors , such as midgut carcinoids , are uncommon neoplasms and an infrequent cause of intestinal obstruction . although the small bowel is the most com... | bowel obstruction is a common surgical admission around the world . on the other hand , small intestinal tumors , such as midgut carcinoid ,
are uncommon neoplasms and an infrequent cause of intestinal obstruction leading to hospitalization .
a foreign body is an extremely rare cause of intestinal obstruction and w... |
on may 15 , 2012 , a 67-year - old man came to mudanjiang forestry central hospital in mudanjiang , china , with an attached tick on his left shoulder .
the feeding tick was detached in the outpatient department and subsequently identified as d. silvarum by an entomologist .
four days later , a painful erythematous... | we used molecular methods to identify rickettsia raoultii infections in 2 persons in china .
these persons had localized rashes around sites of tick bites .
r. raoultii dna was detected in 4% of dermacentor silvarum ticks collected in the same area of china and in 1 feeding tick detached from 1 patient . |
according to the ( who ) , at least 220 million people or 2.8% of the population worldwide suffer from diabetes .
its incidence is increasing rapidly , and is estimated that by the year 2030 , this number will almost double . the greatest increase in prevalence
the increase in incidence of diabetes in developing co... | background : diabetes mellitus , according to world health organization ( who ) is a silent epidemic which affects large number of people around the world and is directly related to the oral health status of the patients.objectives:to know the prevalence of common dental diseases such as dental caries , periodontal dis... |
the first successful treatment of a pediatric brain tumor was in 1879 , when sir william macewen successfully removed a meningioma from a 14-year - old girl .
brain tumors are the most common form of solid tumors and the leading cause of death from solid tumors in children ( seer program 1975- 1999 ) .
advances in ... | brain tumours form the most common type of solid tumour in children and more that 50% of these are infratentorial . cerebellar astrocytomas and brain stem gliomas are the commonest posterior fossa glial tumours in children .
cerebellar astrocytomas represent up to 10% of all primary brain tumours and up to 25% of pos... |
it causes ill - health among millions of people each year and ranks as the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide . in 2011 , there were an estimated 8.7 million new cases of tb and 1.4 million deaths from tb ( 1 ) .
urinary tract as initial infection is infrequent and associated extensive... | genitourinary tuberculosis ( gutb ) is difficult to diagnose in the earlier stage owing to the non - specific symptoms .
usually , renal tuberculous involvement is unilateral and the imaging finding is renal calcification , but associated calcifications of bilateral ureter and bladder are rare .
we report a 66-year... |
arteriovenous malformation ( avm ) , a lesion thought to be congenital in origin , is a major cause of hemorrhagic stroke in children with 2% to 4% annual bleeding risk and a 17% to 90% lifetime risk of rebleeding .
the risk of disability after bleeding is 30% to 35% , whereas the risk of mortality after bleeding is ... | abstractgiant arteriovenous malformation ( avm ) is a complex and relatively rare congenital lesion with high morbidity and mortality .
its optimal treatment , however , remains controversial .
normal perfusion pressure breakthrough ( nppb ) is a potentially devastating complication following surgical resection .
... |
the average age of stroke patients is 58.8 years old and stroke is the leading cause of a high mortality rate in people above 50 years old.13 the number of stroke patients is inclined to increase every year , not only among elderly people , but also young and productive people.4 the most common type of stroke is thromb... | background and objectivesatherosclerosis causes reduction of the oxygen supply to structures in the far arterial wall , provoking the release of factors that drive angiogenesis of vasa vasorum , including vegf .
other studies have revealed the inflammatory response in atherosclerosis and the role of platelet factor 4... |
a 62-year old male presented to the oncology center for evaluation of a painless , superficial nodular lesion over his left lower eyelid that had slowly grown over the course of approximately 18 months , to measure 4.0 2.0 cm .
patient gave history of a similar swelling at the same site which had appeared in july 20... | primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma of the eyelid , a rare pathologic entity , is an adenocarcinoma of the eccrine glands .
though it has low metastatic potential , it does have a significant recurrence rate .
we present the occurrence , clinical and histological features , and management of this tumor in a 62-yea... |
this transcriptome shotgun assembly project has been deposited at ddbj / embl / genbank under the accession gdkm00000000 .
high yielding rice cultivars need high quantities of nitrogen which is usually supplied in the form of urea fertilizers .
rice cultivars show diversity in their nitrogen use efficiency which in... | rice yield is greatly influenced by the nitrogen and rice varieties show variation in yield . for understanding the role of urea nutrition in the yield of elite indica rice cultivar rpbio-226 ,
the urea responsive transcriptome was sequenced and analyzed . the raw reads and
the transcriptome shotgun assembly projec... |
asthma is a common disease , but it has been questioned if it is one single disease , or a group of asthmatic diseases . such different phenotypes of asthma may vary in response to treatment , in prognosis , in inflammatory patterns , and in susceptibility to environmental exposure . identifying possible subphenotype... | objective . genetic heterogeneity and risk factor distribution was analyzed in two previously proposed asthma phenotypes .
method .
a sample of 412 subjects was investigated at 7 - 8 , 12 - 13 , and 21 - 22 years of age with questionnaires , skin prick tests , and genetic analysis of il-4 receptor ( il4r ) single -... |
it is not infrequently the case that the dose schedules proposed by the sponsors bear hardly any relationship to the pharmacology of the drug concerned .
this applies not only to the neuroleptic drugs , but also to many other pharmacotherapeutic classes .
when proposing a dose schedule , the factors most relevant a... | the development of safe and effective new drug treatments for schizophrenia poses a challenging task .
this class of drugs is known to be associated with a wide range of serious and troublesome safety problems that include neurological , cardiac , endocrine , and metabolic side effects .
many of these drugs have a ... |
these trials were conducted in compliance with the declaration of helsinki , the international conference on harmonisation good clinical practice guidelines , the european union clinical trials directive , and local regulatory requirements .
approval for the study protocols and all amendments were obtained from colum... | nusinersen ( isis - smnrx or isis 396443 ) is an antisense oligonucleotide drug administered intrathecally to treat spinal muscular atrophy .
we summarize lumbar puncture experience in children with spinal muscular atrophy during a phase 1 open - label study of nusinersen and its extension . during the studies ,
73... |
a 43-year - old man with a history of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy ( hocm ) was admitted to our hospital due to recently aggravated exertional dyspnea and palpitations .
transthoracic echocardiography revealed asymmetrical inter - ventricular septal hypertrophy with systolic anterior motion ( sam ) of the ... | a 43-year - old man with symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy ( hocm ) was admitted to our hospital with aggravated exertional dyspnea and successfully treated with robotic transmitral septal myectomy .
minimally invasive transmitral septal myectomy may be a feasible surgical option for the treatment o... |
patients with autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis ( ms ) have greater susceptibility for development of another autoimmune disease , , .
this issue is important , because occurrence of another condition , in particular a musculoskeletal disease in patients with previous neurologic lesions due to ms , incre... | coexistence of multiple sclerosis ( ms ) with other autoimmune diseases has been attributed to common background genetic or environmental factors .
this study presents development of rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) during treatment of ms .
the ms was confirmed by the mc donald criteria and the diagnosis of ra was confi... |
parkinson 's disease ( pd ) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after alzheimer 's disease .
the prevalence of pd in japan has been estimated to be about 100 per 100,000 population .
the exact etiology and pathogenesis of pd remain unknown at present [ 25 ] . the treatments for pd consist of antipar... | the clinical benefits of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( rtms ) for parkinson 's disease ( pd ) remain controversial .
we performed a comprehensive study to examine whether rtms is a safe and effective treatment for pd .
twelve pd patients received rtms once a week .
the crossover study design cons... |
participation in sport activities promotes health , and reduces the risks of developing
chronic diseases such as hypertension , heart disease , cancer and diabetes1 ; however , it also carries the risk of
injury2 .
soft tissue , bone , ligament ,
tendon , and nerve injury can occur in athletes of all ages3 . am... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of injuries of
children participating in sports , and to present advice on injury prevention .
[ subjects
and methods ] the study subjects were 445 children involved in sports with a mean age of
12.741.03 years , a mean height of 156.5610.82 ... |
drug - induced liver injury ( dili ) is an important cause of liver injuries with significant morbidity and mortality [ 1 , 2 ] . accurate and
early diagnosis is important but the diagnosis of dili is complicated and nonstandardized because of the difficulty in identification drug(s ) causing liver injuries and lack ... | the liver biopsy remains a valuable tool in the diagnosis of drug - induced liver injury ( dili ) .
the digestive disease week japan 2004 ( ddw - j ) scale proposed as an objective tool for the diagnosis of dili has been widely used in japan .
so far , the histological features have not been compared with ddw - j s... |
recurrent aphthous stomatitis ( ras ) is a common disorder of the oral cavity which affects 5 - 66% of adult patients and 20% of the general population .
the
starting age seems to be between 10 to 19 years and decreases in severity and frequency with aging .
clinically ,
ras is characterized by one or several r... | statement of the problem : recurrent aphthous stomatitis ( ras ) is one of the most common lesions in the oral cavity . due to its multifactorial nature , there is no definitive treatment for ras .
laser therapy is one of the suggested treatments to reduce patient s discomfort .
purpose : the purpose of the present... |
dentifrices have been a source of concern and subject of study for many professionals , since it is one of the main resources used in daily oral care by the population .
dentifrices have different components , such as detergents , fluoride , therapeutic ingredients , flavors , and abrasives . among the abrasives ,
... | background : the aim of the study was to evaluate , in vitro , the surface roughness of two composite resins submitted to simulated toothbrushing with three different dentifrices.materials and methods : totally , 36 samples of z350xt and 36 samples of empress direct were built and randomly divided into three groups ( n... |
over the last three decades , systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle)-related mortality has decreased in all areas except cardiovascular disease ( cvd).1 women with sle who are less than 40 years of age are at a 50-fold increased risk of myocardial infarction compared with control populations.2 this increase in risk ca... | objectiveepidemiological associations suggest that vitamin d status may play a role in inflammation and progression of atherosclerosis . using frozen serum , carotid intima medial thickness ( cimt ) measurements and other existing data from the atherosclerosis prevention in pediatric lupus erythematosus ( apple ) trial... |
nonpharmacological interventions to support children and adults with asthma include self - management education and support , information giving , behavioral change techniques , and efforts to enhance communication between the person with asthma and health care professionals .
these diverse interventions have been pr... | objectives : randomized clinical trial ( rct ) data reviewed for outcomes and processes associated with asthma educational and behavioral interventions provided by different types of health professionals.methods:cochrane collaboration , medline , pubmed , google scholar search from 1998 to 2009 identified 1650 articles... |
proprioceptors consist of position ( static ) and movement ( kinesthetic ) receptors . in insects and crustaceans , chordotonal organs are the structures that provide that information to the cns .
not all chordotonal organs span a joint but they can still monitor joint movements due to their attachment on the apodeme... | the primary purpose of these procedures is to demonstrate for teaching and research purposes how to record the activity of living primary sensory neurons responsible for proprioception as they are detecting joint position and movement , and muscle tension .
electrical activity from crustacean proprioceptors and tensi... |
at present , global environmental changes have been linked to the geographical distribution and dynamics of malaria . as with the simulations , the depictions of anthropogenic
global and regional climate changes on health impact of malaria can alter malaria epidemiology landscape in receptive areas of southeast asia ... | the agricultural land use changes that are human - induced changes in agroforestry ecosystems and in physical environmental conditions contribute substantially to the potential risks for malaria transmission in receptive areas . due to the pattern and extent of land use change ,
the risks or negatively ecosystemic ou... |
paraganglioma - like dermal melanocytic tumor ( pdmt ) is a clinically and pathologically unique subtype of primary dermal melanocytic tumor .
the term was based on their nested growth pattern in histology , which shows nests of clear to amphophilic oval cells separated by delicate fibrous strands .
only 10 cases h... | paraganglioma - like dermal melanocytic tumor ( pdmt ) is a rare subtype of benign dermal melanocytic tumor , first described in 2004 .
its histopathologic features resemble those of paraganglioma , showing presence of a distinctive partitioning of the tumor into small and large packets , nests , or short cords by de... |
as the average life span increases , people are becoming increasingly interested in quality of life , including dietary life .
dental implants are considered one of the most common and popular treatment options for edentulous patients , and there has been remarkable advancement in the techniques and materials in the ... | objectivesthe goal of this study was to estimate the overall satisfaction level of dental implant patients and further evaluate factors influencing satisfaction.materials and methodsself - administered questionnaires were mailed to patients who received dental implant therapy at seoul national university bundang hospit... |
advanced gastric cancer is classified as the borrmann types based on the characteristic macroscopic morphology . among them , borrmann type 4 gastric cancer is referred to as linitis plastica or scirrhous carcinoma , which has the characteristic of diffuse infiltration that occupies a large area of the stomach , serous... | borrmann type 4 gastric cancers are notorious for the difficulty of finding cancer cells in the biopsy samples obtained from gastrofiberscopy .
it is important to obtain the biopsy results for making surgical decisions . in cases with borrmann type 4 gastric cancer ,
even though the radiological findings ( such as ... |
tuberculous lymphadenitis most commonly involves cervical group of lymph nodes and involvement of inguinal group of lymph nodes is uncommon .
we report a case of isolated tuberculous lymphadenitis involving bilateral inguinal lymph nodes in a 42-year - old female . primary or isolated inguinal tuberculous lymphadenit... | inguinal and femoral buboes are defined as localized enlargement of lymph nodes in the groin that are painful , and may or may not be fluctuant .
we report a case of 42-year - old female who presented with bilateral inguinal swelling of 6 months duration . after a complete evaluation
, she was found to be a case of... |
worldwide annual incidence of traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) , caused by falls , motor vehicle accidents , physical assaults , and sports injuries totals approximately 7 million people per year ( song et al . , 2013 ) .
data from the most extensive report to date ( using a multistate population - based tbi surveillan... | previous neuropathological studies regarding traumatic brain injury have primarily focused on changes in large structures , for example , the clinical prognosis after cerebral contusion , intracerebral hematoma , and epidural and subdural hematoma .
in fact , many smaller injuries can also lead to severe neurological... |
the role of epicardial adipose tissue ( eat ) in the onset and progression of coronary artery disease ( cad ) is recognized , but the mechanisms and mediators promoting and linking eat dysfunctions and cad still need to be understood and described better .
the receptor for advanced glycation end products ( rage ) is ... | increased expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products ( rage ) in adipose tissue has been associated with inflammation , adipocyte hypertrophy , and impaired insulin signal .
epicardial adipose tissue ( eat ) , a visceral fat surrounding the myocardium , is potentially involved in the onset / progressi... |
as a prospective randomized clinical trial , cirrhotic patients with ascites who were referred to al - zahra hospital were included in this study from january 2007 to january 2009 .
all patients were of group c based on childpugh scoring system . in all patients , cirrhosis and ascites
the study was approved by the... | background : in cirrhotic patients peripheral vasodilatation may decrease renal blood flow and subsequently raises plasma renin activity .
octreotide with several mechanisms causes peripheral arterial vasoconstriction .
midodrine is an alpha agonist and acts as a peripheral vasoconstrictor ; therefore it may reduce... |
the most important causes of death in western industrialized countries are cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases and malignancies . for instance , in germany in 2008 , 68.6% of all women and 65.9% of all men died from these diseases . in contrast , the third most frequent cause of death are respiratory diseases which ca... | physical activity reduces many major mortality risk factors including arterial hypertension , diabetes mellitus type 2 , dyslipidemia , coronary heart disease , stroke , and cancer .
all - cause mortality is decreased by about 30% to 35% in physically active as compared to inactive subjects .
the purpose of this pa... |
nitric oxide is a multifunctional , short - lived signaling molecule that plays an important role in a variety of regulatory pathways that are of significance to cellular survival , integrity maintenance , and the modulation of inflammatory responses to bacterial infection [ 13 ] .
the physiological and pathophysiolo... | oral mucosal inflammatory responses to periodontopathic bacterium , p. gingivalis , and its key virulence factor , lps , are characterized by a massive rise in epithelial cell apoptosis and the disturbances in no signaling pathways . here ,
we report that the lps - induced enhancement in rat sublingual salivary gla... |
cutaneous schwannomas are benign tumors of schwann cells , commonly seen along the major peripheral nerves .
schwannomas , also known as neurilemmomas and anaxonal , intraneural schwann cell tumors are benign neoplasm of nerve sheath , originating from schwann cells .
schwannomas arise from the nerve sheath of larg... | schwannomas are benign tumors derived from schwann cells .
they are comparatively rare on scalp and easily mistaken for tumors of hair .
trichilemmal cysts are common over scalp and present as dermal or subcutaneous growths over scalp .
we present a solitary schwannoma of scalp clinically mimicking trichilemmal c... |
for three types of colloidal magnetic nanocrystals , we
demonstrate
that postsynthetic cation exchange enables tuning of the nanocrystal s
magnetic properties and achieving characteristics not obtainable by
conventional synthetic routes .
while the cation exchange procedure ,
performed in solution phase app... | |
necrotizing soft tissue infections ( nstis ) are rare but highly lethal with a reported mortality rate of up to 76% .
prior reports have identified prompt treatment ( defined by surgical debridement within 824 h after the patient arrives at the emergency department ) as leading to decreased mortality rates .
the ge... | objectives : early diagnosis and emergent surgical debridement of necrotizing soft tissue infections ( nstis ) remains the cornerstone of care .
we aimed to study the effect of early surgery on patients ' outcomes and , in particular , on hospital length of stay ( los ) and intensive care unit ( icu ) los.materials a... |
in most protein - coding genes of eukaryotes the coding exons alternate with noncoding introns .
the nuclear pre - mrna is a transcript of the whole gene , including the introns .
however , before it is exported to the cytoplasm , the introns are removed through a process called pre - mrna splicing and the exons or... | conservation / mutation in the intronic initial and terminal hexanucleotides was studied in 26 orthologous cytokine receptor genes of mouse and human .
introns began and ended with the canonical dinucleotides gt and ag , respectively .
identical configurations were found in 57% of the 5 hexanucleotides and 28% of t... |
takotsubo cardiomyopathy ( ttc ) is an acute cardiac syndrome characterized by transient left ventricular dysfunction with wall motion abnormalities , most commonly in the form of apical ballooning .
takostsubo is a japanese octopus fishing trap , which best describes the characterstic left ventricular apical balloon... | takotsubo cardiomyopathy ( ttc ) is an acute cardiac condition characterized by transient left ventricular dysfunction with wall motion abnormalities , most commonly in the form of apical ballooning . despite being considered as a generally benign condition ,
many studies have emphasized potentially sinister outcomes... |
telomerase is a specialized ribonucleoprotein complex that maintains the integrity and stability of eukaryotic chromosome ends [ 1 - 3 ] .
since conventional dna replication enzymes lack the ability to replicate telomere ends completely , telomere length homeostasis is crucial to avoid premature cellular senescence a... | telomeres protect linear chromosome ends from being recognized and processed as double - strand breaks by dna repair activities .
this protective function of telomeres is essential for chromosome stability . until recently ,
telomeres have been considered to be transcriptionally silent .
this notion was overturne... |
the sit - to - stand ( sts ) test is a practical and valid measure of the balance ability of
older adults .
the sts movement is destabilizing because the body rapidly moves from a stable
seated position to one with a less stable base of support and higher center of force
( cof)1 .
healthy people aged 65 year... | [ purpose ] this study compared the center of force ( cof ) trajectory during sit - to - stand
( sts ) movements performed by elderly and old - old elderly subjects .
[ subjects ] we recruited
9 elderly and 10 old - old elderly subjects with no knee joint pain or lower limb orthopedic
problems . [ methods ] the... |
it is estimated that care for coronary artery disease ( cad ) results in annual direct and indirect costs of around 50 billion within the european union ( 1 ) . a sizable proportion of this expenditure results from procedures used with the sole intention to confirm the diagnosis .
invasive coronary angiography ( ica... | purposenoninvasive ischemia testing ( nist ) is recommended for most patients suspected to have stable coronary artery disease ( cad ) before invasive coronary angiography ( ica ) .
we sought to assess the diagnostic predictive ability of nist over clinical risk profiling in a contemporary sample of patients undergoi... |
a 71 year old asymptomatic woman came for an echocardiogram because of a left bundle branch block .
a much dilated coronary sinus ( cs ) with an entering large vessel was found along with a mild left ventricular systolic dysfunction . cardiac magnetic resonance ( cmr ) showed a persistent left superior vena cava ( pl... | introduction : a 71 year old asymptomatic woman came for an echocardiogram because of a left bundle branch block . a much dilated coronary sinus ( cs ) with an entering large vessel was found along with a mild left ventricular systolic dysfunction . cardiac magnetic resonance ( cmr ) showed a persistent left superior v... |
the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus has increased dramatically worldwide , mainly because of changes in lifestyle , such as decreasing exercise and increasing high - fat diets .
obesity is the hallmark of the metabolic syndrome and represents a major global health problem that is frequently associated with the... | we investigated the effects of teneligliptin on uric acid metabolism in male wistar rats and 3t3-l1 adipocytes .
the rats were fed with a normal chow diet ( ncd ) or a 60% high - fat diet ( hfd ) with or without teneligliptin for 4 weeks .
the plasma uric acid level was not significantly different between the contr... |
ankle joints have a complicated anatomical and mechanical structure , and can have develop ,
which are among the most frequent injuries during normal physical activities1,2,3 .
ankle trauma can be categorized as acute or
chronic ; conservative treatment with rehabilitation training is crucial because chronic
la... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a strategic
strength resistance exercise program on the isokinetic muscular function of the ankle
joint .
[ subjects ] this study included 22 males in their twenties who were diagnosed with
functional injury of the ankle joint . [ methods ]... |
premenstrual syndrome ( pms ) is one of the most common difficulties in women at their reproductive age .
pms is known as the recurrent mood and physical symptoms which is generally in the luteal phase , and it remits in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.2 , 3 there is a high incidence of pms ; about 80% of... | premenstrual syndrome ( pms ) is a common disorder . due to the knowledge lack of the precise etiology of this syndrome , different treatment methods
are recommended , one of them is the use of medicinal herbs .
this study aimed to investigate the effect of valerian ( xi co ) root extract on the intensity of pms s... |
in the human gastrointestinal tract , there are up to 10 bacterial cells per gram of colonic content , and gut microflora is constituted by 400 - 1,000 species of bacteria.1,2 balanced intestinal microflora plays a direct impact on maintaining the gut homeostasis such as regulating bowel motility , modulating intestina... | microbial recognition by multicellular organisms is initially accomplished by a group of pattern recognition receptors which are specialized to recognize microbe - associated molecular patterns ( mamps ) such as lipopolysaccharide , bacterial lipoprotein , cpg dna motif , double strand rna and flagellin .
toll - like... |
although drug - eluting stents ( des ) have significantly reduced the rate of restenosis by effectively suppressing neointimal growth compared with that of bare metal stents , complications such as in - stent restenosis and stent thrombosis still occur .
the incidence of stent fracture is 1 - 8%.1 ) most stent fractu... | stent fracture is a complication following implantation of drug eluting stents and is recognized as one of the risk factors for in - stent restenosis .
we present the first case of successfully managing a stent fracture and subsequent migration of the fractured stent into the ascending aorta that occurred during repe... |
the extraction of mesioangular - impacted third molars may cause multiple periodontal defects at the distal root of the second molar .
these complications are even more frequent in older patients and when there are preoperative periodontal defects on the distal surface of the second molar before extraction of the imp... | purpose : the extraction of mesioangular impacted third molars may cause multiple periodontal defects at the distal root of the second molar .
platelet - rich plasma ( prp ) is a material containing many autologous growth factors that may be used in repairing and preventing periodontal complications at the distal roo... |
although many researchers have investigated the pathogenesis of pdac , thus far , the crucial evidence pointing to causative inflammation and/or infection for pdac has not yet been uncovered as it has in the case of hepatocellular carcinoma , gastric cancer , and cervical cancer .
the pathogenesis of pdac might be si... | the prognosis of pancreatic cancer is extremely poor compared to other cancers .
one of the reasons for this is the difficulty of early diagnosis .
surveillance using cancer biomarkers and image diagnosis can enable early detection and has improved the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in japan .
however , it... |
tuberculosis ( tb ) is a major global health problem , and can be a multisystemic disease .
tuberculosis of the ribs usually presents with rib destruction and soft tissue mass of the chest wall , which is called tubercular abscess of the chest wall ( tacw ) or cold abscess of the chest wall .
the isolated involveme... | musculoskeletal tuberculosis accounts for 1 - 2% of all types of tuberculosis .
tubercular abscess of the chest wall accounts for 1 - 5% of all cases of musculoskeletal tuberculosis .
herein , we report a case of tubercular abscess of the chest wall .
the occurrence of caries rib and cold abscess of the chest wal... |
insulin resistance in muscle and liver and -cell failure represent the core pathophysiologic defects in type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) .
most patients with t2 dm also develop serious complications because of chronic hyperglycemia , such as nephropathy , retinopathy , neuropathy , and cardiovascular diseases , lik... | background . transcription factor 7-like 2 gene ( tcf7l2 ) and peroxisome proliferator - activated receptors-2 ( ppar-2 ) have a profound effect on the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) and had previously been found to be associated with t2 dm risk in various ppopulations .
however , studies in the arab... |
cystic fibrosis is the most common recessive disease in caucasians with a prevalence of about 1 : 2500 .
cystic fibrosis is characterized by progressive lung destruction due to chronic neutrophilic airway inflammation and bacterial infection .
most of the morbidity and mortality of cystic fibrosis patients result... | background . inhaled antibiotics are commonly used in the treatment of cystic fibrosis lung disease .
a previous study suggested neutrophil elastase activation by colistin in vitro . here , we investigated direct effects of the commonly used antibiotics colistin and tobramycin on neutrophil elastase activity .
meth... |
the generation of action potentials in excitable cells requires that the magnitude of na current on the surface membrane be large enough to overcome the electrical shunting current through other membrane conductance .
multiple action potentials raise extracellular k concentrations , leading to a depolarization of mem... | the clc-1 cl channel is abundantly expressed on the plasma membrane of muscle cells , and the membrane potential of muscle cells is largely controlled by the activity of this cl channel .
previous studies showed that low intracellular ph increases the overall open probability of recombinant clc-1 channels in various ... |
hollow and concave nanocrystals
( ncs ) are an interesting class of materials with potential applications
in catalysis , energy storage , plasmonics , and medicine . they can be synthesized by implementing the kirkendall effect at
the nanoscale , by combining the kirkendall effect with anion exchange , via ostwal... | hollow and concave nanocrystals find
applications in many fields ,
and their fabrication can follow different possible mechanisms .
we
report a new route to these nanostructures that exploits the oxidation
of cu2xse / cu2xs core / shell nanocrystals with various etchants .
even though the cu2xse core is
e... |
mice were exposed to lead from birth by substituting solutions of lead acetate for the drinking water of their mothers .
the suckling mice were thus exposed to lead through their mother 's milk and , at weaning , directly through the drinking water .
controls received equal concentrations of sodium acetate .
no d... | |
in the early stages of introducing new health interventions such as novel products or services , there is often considerable uncertainty around their potential uptake , impact and costeffectiveness . in such cases ,
mathematical modelling studies are frequently used to decide whether these new interventions could be ... | abstractmodelbased economic evaluations of new interventions have shown that user behaviour ( uptake ) is a critical driver of overall impact achieved . however
, early economic evaluations , prior to introduction , often rely on assumed levels of uptake based on expert opinion or uptake of similar interventions .
... |
paget s disease of bone ( pdb ) is a common skeletal disorder characterized by osteoclast activation , which provokes increased but disorganized bone turnover , leading to pathological fractures , bone deformity , and bone pain .
the disease has a strong genetic component , but the genes responsible have not been ful... | summarypaget s disease of bone ( pdb ) is a common disease characterized by osteoclast activation that leads to various skeletal complications .
susceptibility to pdb is mediated by a common variant at the optineurin ( optn ) locus , which is associated with reduced levels of mrna .
however , it is unclear how thi... |
cattle and pigs are globally important for the production of animal protein . since their genomes are evolutionarily separated by about 60 million years , comparative information about the organization and expression of their genomes will accelerate our understanding of the physiology of these species .
recent data f... | the design of oligonucleotide sequences for the detection of gene expression in species with disparate volumes of genome and est sequence information has been broadly studied .
however , a congruous strategy has yet to emerge to allow the design of sensitive and specific gene expression detection probes .
this stud... |
we aim to describe a mechanism of vision loss following vitrectomy surgery with retrobulbar block ( rbb ) associated with severe vascular stasis of the optic nerve and macula in order to improve safety of local anesthesia for ophthalmic surgery .
we report three cases of patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (... | introductionwe aim to describe a mechanism of vision loss following vitrectomy surgery with retrobulbar block ( rbb ) associated with severe vascular stasis of the optic nerve and macula in order to improve safety of local anesthesia for ophthalmic surgery.case presentationwe report three cases of patients who underwen... |
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