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the genus dirofilaria includes various species that are natural parasites of dogs , cats , foxes , and wild mammals . it is caused by d. repens , d. immitis , d. tenuis and d. ursi . d. repens is commonly encountered in the subcutaneous tissue of dogs , foxes , and cats , while d. immitis in the right ventricle and...	zoonotic filariasis due to dirofilaria repens ( d. repens ) is prevalent in several regions of the world . in view of recent rise of human d. repens infections in europe , africa and asia , it is considered an emerging zoonosis in these continents . most of the documented cases of human dirofilariasis recorded in i...
nitric oxide ( no ) is an important biological second messenger in humans , which plays a critical role in cell and neuronal signaling , blood pressure regulation , and the immune response . no is produced from oxidation of l - arginine ( l - arg ) in the presence of nadph by a class of heme - dependent enzym...	selective inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase ( nnos ) is an important therapeutic approach to target neurodegenerative disorders . however , the majority of the nnos inhibitors developed are arginine mimetics and , therefore , suffer from poor bioavailability . we designed a novel strategy to co...
during 20092014 , we identified 20 persons who were admitted to 2 tertiary - care hospitals in rennes and paris , france , with culture - positive xdr tb infections . patients were identified through hospital database searches ; patient data were extracted from medical charts . for each patient , we performed direc...	we report 20 cases of extensively drug - resistant tuberculosis managed in france . treatment was individualized and included bedaquiline and linezolid for most patients and surgery in 8 patients . at last follow - up ( 22 months ) , 19 patients had achieved conversion from positive to negative on culture testing ....
this work was supported by national institutes of health grant gm52932 to w.m.b . and national research service award gm07215 to n.r.d .	abstractplasma membrane damage elicits a complex and dynamic cellular response . a vital component of this response , membrane resealing , is thought to arise from fusion of intracellular membranous compartments to form a temporary , impermeant patch at the site of damage ; however , this hypothesis has been difficul...
shallow subretinal fluid may persist after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery , even though the retina may appear fully attached on ophthalmoscopy . robertson1 described subretinal precipitates after delayed absorption of shallow subretinal fluid following scleral buckling procedures . recently , optical coh...	the purpose of this paper is to report an unusual case of accumulation of residual subretinal fluid after surgery for acute rhegmatogenous retinal detachment , sparing the fovea . a 28-year - old male presented with a four - day history of acute visual loss in his right eye secondary to bulbous rhegmatogenous retinal d...
understanding the consequences and complexities of transgenes driven by insulin promoters and alterations in the insulin locus requires some understanding of the biology of the insulin genes in mice . flies have 7 insulin - like peptides , also in neurons , with diverse roles in growth and metabolism . there ...	in vivo gene manipulation is a cornerstone approach in modern physiology . cre - lox technology has been extensively used to delete genes and activate reporters in pancreatic -cells , bringing new insight into the pathophysiology of diabetes . in all cases , it is important to understand the expression domain...
however , the pathogenesis of pericardial fluid accumulation in different forms of pericardial disease is still not completely understood . studies on inflammatory pericardial effusions may elucidate the mechanisms of pericardial fluid formation and also the general mechanisms of pericardial inflammation . particul...	background . the role of inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines in patients with inflammatory pericardial effusion still remains uncertain . methods . we assessed pericardial and serum levels of vegf , bfgf , il-1 and tnf- by elisa in patients with inflammatory pericardial effusion ( pe ) of autoreactive ( n = 22 ...
ever since beadle and tatum conducted simple but elegant experiments that led to a basic understanding that genes act by regulating definite chemical events ( beadle and tatum , 1941 ) we have known that mutations can influence the fate of an organism . this profound finding led to their receiving the nobel prize i...	genomic architecture appears to be a largely unexplored component of gene expression . that architecture can be related to chromatin domains , transposable element neighborhoods , epigenetic modifications of the genome , and more . although surely not the end of the story , we are learning that when it comes to gen...
rayer first reported renal vein thrombosis associated with nephrotic syndrome in 1837 , thrombosis is known to be one of the main complications of nephrotic syndrome with the renal vein being the most frequent site.[15 ] awareness of pathogenesis and assessment of the risk factors for arterial thrombosis are required t...	we report a case of 68-year - old caucasian man who presented with cerebral infarcts secondary to arterial thrombosis associated with nephrotic syndrome . his initial presentation included edema of legs , left hemiparesis , and right - sided cerebellar signs . investigations with computed tomography and magnetic re...
prostate - specific antigen ( psa ) is the most widely used marker for the early detection of prostate cancer ( pc ) . patients who have elevated psa levels or abnormal findings on a digital rectal examination ( dre ) but whose biopsy results are negative pose a problem in pc screening . when the result of a dre is...	purposewe are often confronted with patients in the " gray zone " ( prostate - specific antigen [ psa]<10 ng / ml ) whose biopsies reveal no malignancy but only inflammation . we investigated the relationship between histological inflammation and total psa ( tpsa ) , free psa ( fpsa ) , and percentage of free psa ( f...
the organism in this study is bacillus okhensis strain kh10 - 101 t ( here after b. okhensis ) , a gram - positive , strictly aerobic , rod like bacterium . the b. okhensis was first isolated from a salt pan in india , near port of okha by nowlan et al . , 2006 . b. okhensis is tolerant to both high salt and hig...	we report the 4.86-mb draft genome sequence of bacillus okhensis strain kh10 - 101 t , a halo - alkali tolerant rod shaped bacterium isolated from a salt pan near port of okha , india . this bacterium is a potential model to study the molecular response of bacteria to salt as well as alkaline stress , as it thrives u...
chronic post - surgery pain ( cpsp ) has gained increased recognition as a major factor influencing health - related quality - of - life following most surgical procedures , in particular following surgery for benign conditions . a literature review was undertaken , searching for studies with repeated estimates of po...	introductionchronic post - surgery pain ( cpsp ) has gained increased recognition as a major factor influencing health - related quality - of - life following most surgical procedures , in particular following surgery for benign conditions . the natural course of cpsp , however , is not well-known.methodsa literature...
the condition occurs more commonly in thin elderly women [ 1 - 4 ] , but the exact etiology is poorly understood . although most cases are diagnosed at the time of surgery , a delay in diagnosis and treatment may result in a serious outcome . this report describes a rare case of a 36-year - old pregnant woman who p...	torsion of the gallbladder is a rare condition that is difficult to diagnose preoperatively , but prompt surgical intervention is necessary to avoid possible sepsis and death . a 36-year - old pregnant woman presented to emergency department with a constant epigastric pain at 17 weeks of gestation . abdominal ultra...
hemodialysis catheter dysfunction often is defined as blood flow rate ( bfr ) < 300 ml / min , including in the national kidney foundation 's kidney disease outcome quality initiative ( nkf - kdoqi ) clinical practice guidelines . other definitions of catheter dysfunction reported in the literature include frequent ar...	blood flow rate ( bfr ) < 300 ml / min commonly is used to define hemodialysis catheter dysfunction and the need for interventions to prevent complications . the objective of this study was to describe patterns of unplanned bfr < 300 ml / min during catheter hemodialysis using data from davita dialysis facilities a...
management of patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome ( ards ) has been a therapeutic challenge for years . despite scientific interest , there has been a lack of high quality clinical studies demonstrating a mortality benefit . in 2000 a large trial funded by the us national institutes of health ( nih ) ...	in the present issue of critical care , frank and matthay review the physiologic mechanisms that lead to ventilator - induced lung injury . our greater understanding of basic physiologic principles has already had a major impact on the treatment of critically ill patients . novel strategies to limit ventilator - indu...
quality of life ( qol ) is a complex , multidimensional concept that has gained importance in recent health and social literature , albeit with different conceptual and operative perspectives [ 1 , 2 ] . one element common to the different definitions of qol is that it is not limited to measuring the standard of livi...	background / objectives : the aim of the study was to compare the quality of life ( qol ) of sardinian immigrants to argentina with sardinians residing in sardinia . the hypothesis was that a different availability of effective treatments for mood disorders may impact the well being of persons with these disorders.me...
keratoconus ( kcn ) is a degenerative bilateral , progressive , noninflammatory disorder characterized by ectasia , thinning , and increased curvature of the cornea , and is associated with loss of visual acuity , particularly in relation to high - order aberrations.14 corneal collagen cross - linking ( cxl ) with ribo...	purposeto introduce a novel , noninvasive technique to determine the depth and extent of anterior corneal stroma changes induced by collagen cross - linking ( cxl ) using quantitative analysis of high - resolution anterior - segment optical coherence tomography ( oct ) post - operative images.settingprivate clinical op...
high - throughput technologies such as dna microarrays and mass spectrometry ( ms ) generate vast amount of information - rich transcriptomics , proteomics , and metabolomics data . these technologies have made significant progress in the past decade enabling detection and expression level quantification of t...	high - throughput omics data often contain systematic biases introduced during various steps of sample processing and data generation . as the source of these biases is usually unknown , it is difficult to select an optimal normalization method for a given data set . to facilitate this process , we introduce ...
immunoglobulin gg4-related disease ( igg4-rd ) is a recently described disease entity characterized by tumefactive lesions , abundant tissue lymphoplasmacytic and igg4-positive plasma cell infiltration , storiform fibrosis and elevated serum igg4 concentrations ( 1 ) . since autoimmune pancreatitis , associated with hi...	the present study reports the case of a 79-year - old woman manifesting skin changes , a pancreatic neoplasm , enlarged lymph nodes , an eyelid mass and interstitial pneumonia over a 30-year period . at 2 months before admission to our hospital , the patient presented rapid vision loss in the left eye . left optic ne...
papillary thyroid cancer ( ptc ) is the most frequent thyroid cancer ( 80% of cases ) with the 10-year overall relative survival rate of 93% [ 1 , 2 ] . the other differentiated thyroid cancer that originates from follicular thyroid cells , follicular thyroid cancer ( ftc ) , is less frequent with incidence of around...	papillary thyroid cancer ( ptc ) can be divided into classical variant of ptc ( cptc ) , follicular variant of ptc ( fvptc ) , and tall cell variant ( tcptc ) . these variants differ in their histopathology and cytology ; however , their molecular background is not clearly understood . our results shed some new lig...
adoptive transfer of immune cells into a cancer - bearing host has been shown to be efficacious both in animal models and in human trials . several approaches have been used , such as the use of tumor - infiltrating lymphocytes , dendritic cell vaccines , lymphokine - activated killer cells , vaccine - primed lymph n...	background . the purpose of this study was to determine the cellular effectors of both the adoptively transferred cells and the tumor - bearing host that participate in the antitumor response to adoptive immunotherapy using culture - activated tumor - draining lymph nodes ( tdlns ) . methods . tdlns harvested fro...
angiotensinogen metabolites are involved in vascular complications of diabetes , such as myocardial infarction , stroke , nephropathy , retinopathy , and foot ulcers . in these complications , angiotensin ii ( ang ii ) an alternative pathway , through angiotensin ( 19 ) [ ang ( 19 ) ] , angiotensin ( 17 ) [ ang ( 17 ...	purpose . products of angiotensin ( ang ) i metabolism may predispose to vascular complications of diabetes mellitus . methods . diabetes was induced with streptozotocin ( 75 mg / kg i.p . ) . rat aorta fragments , isolated 4 weeks later , were pretreated with perindoprilat ( 3 m ) , thiorphan ( 3 m ) , or vehic...
a bone sequestrum is devitalized , dead bone , typically resulting from necrosis secondary to trauma - related ischemia or following an infection , such as osteomyelitis . sequestra of the ribs have rarely been documented , with most appearing from tuberculosis infections . furthermore , intercostal incisional hern...	intercostal incisional hernias are rarely encountered post - operative complications . bone sequestra of the ribs are similarly rare . we report a very rare case of a left sided rib bone sequestrum mimicking an incisional hernia after a nephrectomy , splenectomy , and distal pancreatectomy .
the vitreomacular traction syndrome ( vts ) is a well - defined clinical entity caused by incomplete separation of the posterior vitreous with persistent macular attachment.1 macular traction is frequently accompanied by cystoid changes in the neurosensory retina , causing decreased visual acuity and metamorphopsia . ...	a 60-year - old woman with a past medical history of branch retinal vein occlusion presented with decreased vision and metamorphopsia in her left eye . a fundus examination revealed a tortuous retinal vein with a few retinal hemorrhages in the inferotemporal quadrant . optical coherence tomography revealed a partia...
self - eating , and comprises a multistep process of sequestration and subsequent degradation of intracellular material within specialised compartments ( refs 9 , 10 ) . autophagy is orchestrated by a subset of genes that were originally identified in yeast and are called autophagy - related genes ( atg ) , many of w...	autophagy is a catabolic membrane - trafficking process that leads to sequestration and degradation of intracellular material within lysosomes . it is executed at basal levels in every cell and promotes cellular homeostasis by regulating organelle and protein turnover . in response to various forms of cellular stress...
goal - directed reaching movements involve representative sensorimotor control , planning , and execution , both sequentially and cyclically . throughout these processes , the trajectory of smooth reaching movement is generally not straight but curved , as observed in previous studies.1,2 a precise curve trajectory is ...	objectivedisturbance of goal - directed motor control may cause or exacerbate pathological pain in patients with complex regional pain syndrome ( crps ) . we conducted a single - case study about motor control involved in reaching with a patient with crps in an upper limb.methodsusing a three - dimensional measuremen...
marine environments , particularly in the tropics , have greater species richness than tropical forests . these diverse species are capable of producing a wide variety of chemical compounds with unique structures and functions , and many of these compounds can be used for the development of novel drugs [ 1 , 2 ] . as a...	this study investigated the biological activities of five benthic marine algae collected from northeastern region of brazil . the tested activities included larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti , molluscicidal activity against biomphalaria glabrata , and toxicity against artemia salina . extracts of ulva lactu...
treatment and outcome are influenced by various parameters , including tumor size , nodal involvement , grade , estrogen receptor ( er ) , progesterone receptor ( pr ) , and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 ( her2 ) statuses , as well as ki67 percentage and the presence of angiolymphatic invasion [ 18 ] . mod...	purpose . to evaluate the associations between metformin , insulin , statins , and levothyroxine and breast cancer characteristics and outcome . methods . retrospective chart review of patients treated in our institute for early estrogen receptor ( er ) positive , human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative b...
the endoscopic treatment of pancreatic fluid collections ( pfcs ) has become the preferred first - line approach . fully covered self - expandable metal stents ( fcsems ) the aim of this study was to evaluate the results of the endosonography guided drainage ( eus - gd ) of pfcs with fcems . procedures were perform...	background and aims : the endoscopic treatment of pancreatic fluid collections ( pfcs ) has become the preferred first - line approach . fully covered self - expandable metal stents ( fcsems ) were considered as an alternative to multiple double pigtail stents . the aim of this study was to evaluate the results of th...
macroautophagywas first introduced during the ciba foundation symposium on lysosomes , london , in 1963 . it denotes an important catabolic process in eukaryotes , the hallmark of which is the formation of an intracellular double - bilayer membrane compartment , the autophagosome . autophagy may occur in an apparen...	autophagy is a catabolic process of paramount importance for cellular homeostasis during starvation . generally , autophagy and translation are inversely regulated . many kinds of stress lead to attenuation of translation via phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor alpha ( eif2 ) . this respon...
indications and conditions to initiate antiretroviral therapy strong evidence based on randomized controlled trials exists for initiating art amongst asymptomatic patients with cd4<350/mm31213 . large observational studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of art amongst patients with cd4<500 mm in reducing mortali...	with the rapid scale up of antiretroviral therapy , there is a dramatic decline in hiv related morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries . several new safe antiretroviral , and newer class of drugs and monitoring assays are developed recently . as a result the treatment guideline for the ma...
asperger syndrome ( as ) is a low prevalence autism spectrum disorder characterized by significant impairments in social interaction , social communication , and restricted patterns of interest in the presence of intact language . the first known description suggestive of this condition was reported by hans asperger ...	asperger syndrome ( as ) is an autism spectrum disorder with a high rate of psychiatric comorbidity . we describe the clinical profile and psychiatric comorbidity in a series of affected individuals referred to an indian general hospital psychiatry setting . gilliam asperger 's disorder scale was used to evaluate t...
as a long - time aids activist and healthcare journalist i have become intimately familiar with how scores of people living with hiv , whom i have spoken to , feel about research . i have also served as a representative of their needs by providing input on study designs , editing informed consent documents and servin...	the patient empowerment movement , spurred by aids activism in the 1980s , quickly evolved to encompass how study participants are considered and treated in clinical research . initially , people fearing death of aids sought early access to experimental medications that had not undergone rigorous testing in hopes of ...
dictyostelium discoideum are solitary soil living amoebae that feed on bacteria and other microorganisms , which are taken up by phagocytosis . it has a unique and remarkable life cycle that has been a major area of research since its discovery . the early interest in multicellular development and the molecular bas...	the complex lifestyle of the social amoebae dictyostelium discoideum makes it a valuable model for the study of various biological processes . recently , we showed that d. discoideum is remarkably resilient to protein aggregation and can be used to gain insights into the cellular protein quality control system . howe...
cerebral revascularization has been useful in treatment of cerebral hemodynamic failure , in skull base surgery , and in complex aneurysm surgery . in addition , the beneficial effects of cerebral revascularization in treatment of acute stroke have been reported in recent years.3)8 ) accordingly , there is an increas...	objectivethe aim of this study is to introduce a microvascular training model based on use of materials that can be easily obtained from the daily surroundings.methodssimple microinstruments and a medical school laboratory microscope were used for anastomosis training . chicken blood vessels were used as a material f...
the mitochondrial function impairment in skeletal muscle is one of the physiological limitations of aging . however , there is a considerable variability of aging impact on mitochondrial function [ 26 ] . sarcopenia and muscle fatigability in response to aging are associated with the increase of both the reactive o...	the present study investigated the effects of running at 0.8 or 1.2 km / h on inflammatory proteins ( i.e. , protein levels of tnf- , il-1 , and nf-b ) and metabolic proteins ( i.e. , protein levels of sirt-1 and pgc-1 , and ampk phosphorylation ) in quadriceps of rats . male wistar rats at 3 ( young ) and 18 months...
paravalvular leaks ( pvls ) are common complications of patients who had a history of valve replacement . it can be seen in 2% to 10% of prosthetic valve in the aortic position . redo valve surgery is the gold standard therapy , but carries high risks for the patients . morbidity - mortality rates are high after ...	paravalvular leaks ( pvls ) are a well - recognized complication of prosthetic valve replacement . perivalvular prosthetic regurgitation causes significant morbidity and is associated with high perioperative mortality if open surgical repair is required . pvls manifest with symptoms of congestive heart failure , he...
( a ) wnt rs5030222 , rs629537 and ctnnb1 rs4135385 ( b ) fzd4 rs713065 and rs10898563 . univariate analysis for overall survival and disease - free survival by age , gender , smoking status , histological type , pathological stage , and adjuvant therapy overall survival and disease - free survival of snps associated...	recently , genetic variants in the wnt signaling pathway have been reported to affect the survival outcome of caucasian patients with early stage non - small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) . we therefore attempted to determine whether these same wnt signaling pathway gene variants had similar impacts on the survival outc...
the incidence of thyroid nodules detected by clinical examination or by ultrasonography is very high in the adult population . for establishing whether these lesions are benign or malignant , fine - needle aspiration cytology ( fnac ) prior to the routine use of thyroid fine - needle aspiration ( fna ) , only 14% of ...	thyroid nodules are a very common clinical finding , and although the majority of them are benign , thyroid carcinoma accounts for about 5 - 15% of nodules . fine - needle aspiration cytology ( fnac ) is actually used for the differential diagnosis of these lesions . although in most cases this examination clearly di...
neural tube defects ( ntds ) , which include anencephaly , spina bifida , and encephalocele , are congenital malformations that arise during the structural development of the neural tube , a process that is completed within 28 days after conception . anencephaly is invariably associated with death either as stillbirt...	folate is a generic term for a water - soluble b - complex vitamin which plays an important role in protein synthesis and metabolism and other processes related to cell multiplication and tissue growth . pregnant and lactating women are at increased risk of folic acid deficiency because generally their dietary folate...
laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery have gradually become an accepted diagnostic and therapeutic modality in the treatment of pediatric trauma . in the hands of experienced surgeons and in appropriate situations , minimally invasive surgery ( mis ) has helped to eliminate the need for open procedures . physical ex...	background : minimally invasive surgery ( mis ) for trauma in pediatric cases remains controversial . recent studies have shown the validity of using minimally invasive techniques to decrease the rate of negative and nontherapeutic laparotomy and thoracotomy . the purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnosti...
many people with type 1 diabetes mellitus ( t1 dm ) experience difficulties with the everyday challenges of managing their diabetic condition . in particular , many find it difficult to intensively manage their insulin therapy and achieve near normal blood glucose levels and optimal levels of glycosylated hemoglobin wh...	the dose adjustment for normal eating ( dafne ) programme of intensive insulin therapy for type 1 diabetes provides a structured educational intervention to improve glycemic control , reduce hypoglycemia and improve quality of life . enhancement of self - management skills is a key element of dafne and patients acqui...
venoms are complex mixtures of many different components proven to be useful tools for biochemical , physiological , and pharmacological studies of ion channels and receptors . toxins that recognize ion channel subgroups are versatile tools for channel studies and thus contribute to drug discovery [ 1 , 2 ] . for e...	tarantula venom glands produce a large variety of bioactive peptides . here we present the identification of venom components obtained by sequencing clones isolated from a cdna library prepared from the venom glands of the chilean common tarantula , grammostola rosea . the cdna sequences of about 1500 clones out of...
after a stroke , gait is an important determinant of functional ability in the activities of daily living and for an independent life1 . in general , stroke patients continue to have walking difficulties , including reductions in their gait velocity and endurance caused by the weakness of muscles and deterioratio...	[ purpose ] the aim of current study was to investigate the effect of external cues using vibratory stimulation on spatiotemporal gait parameters in patients with chronic stroke . [ subjects ] thirty patients , who had suffered a stroke , were selected from general hospitals in seoul , republic of korea . [ met...
transrectal ultrasound - guided prostate biopsy ( trus biopsy ) is performed to obtain systematic biopsies for histological examination in patients with suspected prostate carcinoma . however , subjecting men to trus biopsy can cause significant morbidity . the procedure may be complicated by sepsis in 0.5% of patien...	purposehistorically , it was thought that hemorrhagic complications were increased with transrectal ultrasound - guided prostate biopsies ( trus biopsy ) of patients receiving anticoagulation / antiplatelet therapy . however , the current literature supports the continuation of anticoagulation / antiplatelet therapy ...
anterior crossbite is a major esthetic and functional concern to the parents during the developmental stage of a child . it is one of the major responsibilities of pediatric dentist or orthodontist to guide the developing dentition to a state of normalcy in line with the stage of oral - facial growth and development ...	single tooth anterior dental crossbite is the commonly encountered malocclusion during the development of occlusion in children . various treatment options such as removable and fixed appliances have been suggested by different authors in the past literature . this paper presents two cases of anterior crossbite cor...
culturing of t. brucei all bloodstream form strains of t. brucei were incubated in 5% carbon dioxide at 37 c in hmi-9 medium containing 10% heat - inactivated fetal bovine serum ( omega scientific ) , 10% serum plus ( jrh biosciences ) , 1 penicillin / streptomycin . the pzjmtbcb clones were cultured in ...	cysteine proteases of the clan ca ( papain ) family are the predominant protease group in primitive invertebrates . cysteine protease inhibitors arrest infection by the protozoan parasite , trypanosoma brucei . rna interference studies implicated a cathepsin b - like protease , tbcatb , as a key inhibit...
	antibiotics are often unstable , decaying into various compounds with potential biological activities . we found that as tetracycline degrades , the competitive advantage conferred to bacteria by resistance not only diminishes , but reverses to become a prolonged disadvantage due to the activities of more stable degr...
the detection rate of extended - spectrum -lactamases ( esbls ) in clinical isolates of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae in the kinki region of mid - western japan significantly increased from 0.2% to 7.3% and from 0.0% to 2.4% , respectively , over a 10-year period from 2000 to 2009.1 our recent study among ...	the detection rate of ctx - m - type -lactamase - producing enterobacteriaceae in japan has significantly increased . nursing homes may be a reservoir of antibiotic - resistant bacteria . therefore , we determined the prevalence of , and risk factors associated with , fecal carriage of ctx - m - type -lactamase - p...
a 22-year - old woman was referred for abdominal discomfort and urinary frequency , and at abdominal sonography a huge cyst was detected in the left lower quadrant . the left abdomen contained a palpable mass , but digital rectal examination revealed nothing of significance . plain radiography revealed a large soft...	the authors describe a case in which a tailgut cyst occurred at an unusual location in a 22-year - old woman referred for abdominal discomfort and urinary frequency . the left abdomen contained a palpable mass , found at imaging studies to be a homogeneous , unilocular and cystic , and anterior to the left kidney . ...
aryl amino alcohol alkaloids from the bark of cinchona spp . have played an invaluable role in the treatment of malaria since the 18century when the extract became widely used . the bark contains laevorotatory ( - ) quinine ( 6'-methoxy cinchonan-9-ol ) ( q ) , its diastereomer dextrorotatory ( + ) quinidine ( qd ) ,...	backgroundthe 8-amino and 9-hydroxy substituents of antimalarial cinchona alkaloids have the erythro orientation while their inactive 9-epimers are threo . from the x - ray structures a 90 difference in torsion angle between the n1-h1 and c9-o12 bonds in the two series is believed to be important . in order to kill t...
from the time of harvey williams cushing in 1912 , when the first case was reported till this era , patients with subtle symptoms of cushing 's syndrome ( cs ) are difficult to diagnose and manage . the morbidity and mortality have decreased significantly over the years but still the diagnosis remains difficult and c...	aim : to assess the outcome of patients undergoing bilateral adrenalectomy for cushing 's syndrome ( cs).methods : all patients who underwent bilateral adrenalectomy for cs at the department of endocrine surgery , sanjay gandhi postgraduate institute of medical sciences hospital between 1991 and 2013 were included . ...
the era of precision gravitational - wave astrophysics is at our doorstep . with it , a plethora of previously unavailable information will flood in , allowing for unprecedented astrophysical measurements and tests of fundamental theories . nobody would question the importance of more precise astrophysical measurem...	this review is focused on tests of einstein s theory of general relativity with gravitational waves that are detectable by ground - based interferometers and pulsar - timing experiments . einstein s theory has been greatly constrained in the quasi - linear , quasi - stationary regime , where gravity is weak and veloc...
the prevalence of arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases ( cvd ) has grown significantly in recent years , particularly in low- and middle - income regions such as in latin america . in 2008 , hypertension affects one billion individuals worldwide and is considered the leading cause of cardiovascular death...	hypertension affects one billion individuals worldwide and is considered the leading cause of cardiovascular death , stroke , and myocardial infarction . this increase in the burden of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases ( cvd ) is principally driven by lifestyle changes such as increased hypercaloric diets and ...
a 39-year - old male patient was admitted to our clinic with a complaint of inability to extend his right knee after an epileptic convulsion that occurred at rest . the patient had a history of left patellar tendon ( pt ) rupture from the patellar insertion during previous epileptic seizures at rest and underwent two...	we present a case of quadriceps tendon ( qt ) rupture . qt ruptures can occur in all ages . the cause is mostly traumatic in origin . spontaneous ruptures that are thought to result from predisposing conditions are rare . post - convulsion qt ruptures lacking traumas in their history can be overlooked in clinic...
alopecia or hair loss is a common and distressing problem that has a significant impact on quality of life . it is often met with feelings of grief , loss of self - confidence , and low self - esteem . about 40% of patients felt dissatisfied with the way in which their doctor dealt with them . it is caused by any...	introduction : hair loss is a common and distressing problem that can affect both males and females of all ages . chronic telogen effluvium ( cte ) is idiopathic diffuse scalp hair shedding of at least 6 months duration . hair loss can be one of the symptoms of metal toxicity . lead ( pb ) and cadmium ( cd ) are ...
the aric study is an ongoing longitudinal cohort study of cardiovascular and other major diseases among 15,792 men and women aged 4564 years at baseline ( 19871989 ) and selected from four u.s . communities : forsyth county , nc ; jackson , ms ; the northwestern suburbs of minneapolis , mn ; and washington county , m...	objective although variants in the transcription factor 7-like 2 ( tcf7l2 ) gene are consistently associated with type 2 diabetes , large population - based studies of african americans are lacking . moreover , few studies have investigated the effects of tcf7l2 on type 2 diabetes in the context of metabolic risk fa...
during september december 2013 , a total of 1,097 blood and spleen samples were collected from diseased or dead animals on corsica ; the samples were sent to the french national reference laboratory at agence nationale de scurit sanitaire ( maisons - alfort , france ) to be tested for the presence of btv . rna was e...	during 20002013 , 4 genotypes of bluetongue virus ( btv ) were detected in corsica , france . at the end of 2013 , a compulsory btv-1 vaccination campaign was initiated among domestic ruminants ; biological samples from goats were tested as part of a corresponding monitoring program . a btv strain with nucleotide s...
trichilemmal cyst ( tc ) is benign adnexal tumor that arises from outer root sheath of the hair follicle . it usually presents as an asymptomatic firm nodule , which at times can be slightly painful . a 24-year - old male presented with painful multiple , slow growing yellowish white swelling on the scalp . the f...	trichilemmal cyst ( tc ) is a benign cyst and is lined by stratified squamous epithelium that is derived from the outer root sheath . middle - aged females are more commonly affected . it has close resemblance to epidermoid cyst and hence should be differentiated . we report a case of painful multiple tc on the s...
tooth sensitivity can be a result of periodontal treatment , or inappropriate brushing habits causing gingival recession . it can be treated with invasive methods including periodontal surgery , pulpectomy and laser therapy , or with non - invasive treatments including the application of dentin bonding agents and use...	objectives : the aim of this in - vitro experimental study was to assess the effect of application of a desensitizing varnish on the enamel and dentin marginal seal.materials and methods : seventy - two freshly extracted , intact human premolar teeth were divided into four groups ( n=18 ) . class v cavities ( 3 mm in...
inflammatory bowel diseases ( ibds ) , including crohn 's disease ( cd ) and ulcerative colitis ( uc ) , are chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract . cd may be patchy , segmental , and typically transmural inflammation in the gut , which is characterized by the aggregation of macrophages that fre...	nk cells are a major component of the innate immune system and play an important role in the tissue inflammation associated with autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease ( ibd ) . nk cells are unique in bearing both stimulatory and inhibitory receptors specific for mhc class i molecules , and their func...
tobacco is an only legally available product that kills people.1 tobacco use is a risk factor for 6 of the 8 leading causes of death.2 every 6 s , 1 person dies as the result of tobacco consumption in the world.3 if the current trends continue and necessary actions are not taken tobacco - induced attributable deaths ar...	objectives : to study the relationship between perceived job stress measured using effort - reward imbalance ( eri ) scale and nicotine dependence using fagerstrm test for nicotine dependence ( ftnd ) scale among students of health and nonhealth care professional colleges.materials and methods : a descriptive cross - s...
lifestyle modifications , including dietary habits , have substantial effects on risk factors for cardiovascular disease such as hypertension . epidemiological evidence demonstrates that diets rich in fruits and vegetables benefit heart and vascular health . molecularly , these beneficial effects of fruits and vege...	diets rich in fruits and vegetables have been associated with benefits for human health . those effects have been partially ascribed to their content in flavonoids , compounds that are present in many edible plants and its derived foods . in humans , a significant number of studies has been developed analyzing the ...
peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( pbmcs ) were separated from the edta - blood collected from the pair of monozygotic twins . both twins were 15 years old at the time of blood collection . in addition , it was around 7 years since the hiv infection occurred in hiv infected twin without receiving any ant...	alteration of dna methylation in mammalian cells could be elicited by many factors , including viral infections [ 1 ] . hiv has shown the ability to interact with host cellular factors to change the methylation status of some genes [ 2 ] , [ 3 ] , [ 4 ] . however , the change of the dna methylation associated with hi...
continuity of care and maternity servicesacross many areas of health care , continuity of care is often cited as a major element in patient satisfaction , improving communications and helping to establish greater trust and a willingness to confide in the professional carer . health professionals also value continuity...	continuity of care is often critical in delivering high quality health care . however , it is difficult to achieve in community health care where shift patterns and a need to minimise travelling time can reduce the scope for allocating staff to patients . community midwifery is one example of such a challenge in th...
tumoral calcinosis , an ectopic calcification occasionally seen in haemodialysis patients , is characterized by massive periarticular deposition of calcium ( ca ) and phosphorus ( p ) , and various factors are involved in its pathogenesis of tumoral calcinosis such as secondary hyperparathyroidism and adynamic bone dis...	a 46-year - old woman under 6-year haemodialysis was admitted for uncontrollable hip pain . an x - ray film revealed calcified mass around the left femur head , which was diagnosed as calcium deposition by percutaneous biopsy . calcinotic tissues were removed surgically , and the resected specimen revealed tumoral c...
rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and increased incidence of cardiovascular ( cv ) events . besides a genetic component and classic ( traditional ) cv risk factors , chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development of atherogenesis ...	to determine whether treatment with the anti - tnf - alpha blocker adalimumab yields persistent improvement of endothelial function and prevents from morphological progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) refractory to conventional therapy , a series of 34 consecutive ra p...
renal transplantation is the most effective treatment for patients with end - stage renal disease . fortunately , this treatment is available , even for poor people , in developing countries ( 1 ) ; in these countries , however , the way forward should be increasing the quality and expanding the knowledge of transpla...	context : renal transplantation is the most effective treatment for patients with end - stage renal disease , which is fortunately available in the developing countries , even for poor people . nonetheless , the way forward should be the implementation of advanced science of transplantation , allograft monitoring abi...
	the identification and characterization of microparticles has become an important field of study in recent years due to their presence in the environment and association with pathogenesis . asbestos fibers have been intensively studied for these reasons . since conventional microscopy has not provided unique identi...
pseudoaneurysms of the superficial temporal artery ( sta ) are rare but potentially serious vascular lesions . early diagnosis and treatment is essential to prevent thromboembolism , rupture , or skin necrosis.14)19 ) sta pseudoaneurysms are most often complications arising from blunt head trauma , however , penetrat...	pseudoaneurysms of the superficial temporal artery are rare and may be treated by manual compression , surgical intervention , coil embolization , or percutaneous thrombin injection . we present a novel technique of local ultrasound guided low - profile coil embolization of the superficial temporal artery with both s...
finland ( population 5.2 million ) has five tertiary - care hospitals , with well - defined catchment populations of 0.71 to 1.66 million . since 1995 , all clinical microbiology laboratories in finland have reported all bacterial and fungal isolations from blood , including candida spp . detection and species dete...	we analyzed laboratory - based surveillance candidemia data from the national infectious disease register in finland and reviewed cases of candidemia from one tertiary - care hospital from 1995 to 1999 . a total of 479 candidemia cases were reported to the register . the annual incidence rose from 1.7 per 100,000 p...
the deposited data can be found at : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/. the data consists of three studies . the first study contains the sv srnas isolated using the standard procedure ( srs1523467 ) . the second study contains the sv srnas from svs that had an additional immuno - affinity purification step prior to rn...	synaptic vesicles ( svs ) are presynaptic organelles that load and release small molecule neurotransmitters at chemical synapses . in addition to classic neurotransmitters , we have demonstrated that svs isolated from the peripheral nervous systems ( pns ) of the electric organ of torpedo californica , a model choliner...
inflammation is an important host response triggered by invading pathogens or damaged tissues , a response that is aimed at diluting or destroying the pathogens or isolating the involved site . moderate inflammatory response contributes to the host defense by removing pathogens or aiding in the repair of damaged tiss...	il-1 is one of the main proinflammatory cytokines that regulates a broad range of immune responses and also participates in several physiological processes . the canonical production of il-1 requires multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes . one of the most intensively studied inflammasome complexes is the nlrp...
in this cohort study , the medical records of all patients hospitalized at osaka general medical center for a ckd educational program between april 2001 and december 2007 were retrospectively analyzed . the patients were followed from the day of hospitalization until either the time of the outcome or the end of the s...	objectivethere is now growing evidence that magnesium ( mg ) deficiency is implicated in type 2 diabetes and its complications . however , it has not been fully elucidated whether hypomagnesemia is a predictor of end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) in type 2 diabetic nephropathy.research design and methodsthis retrosp...
coccyx is the most distal part of the spine and is generally formed of four , and sometimes five , segments . anatomically , there is a relationship with the fifth sacral and coccygeal nerve root and the terminal sympathetic plexus , and it is connected to the pelvic muscles . pain occurring in the coccyx region is...	purposethe aim of this study was to evaluate the results of partial and total coccyx excisions in patients with traumatic coccydynia resistant to conservative treatment.patients and methodsthe study included 22 patients ( from a total of 27 ) who underwent partial or total coccygectomy because of persistent coccydynia ...
langerhans cell histiocytosis ( lch ) , previously known as histiocytosis x , encompasses a spectrum of diseases with diverse clinical presentations and is characterized by proliferation and accumulation of pathological langerhans cells in various organ systems . the incidence of lch is very low in the whole populati...	we report the rare case of an adult who was diagnosed with recurrent multisystem langerhans cell histiocytosis ( lch ) involving the pituitary stalk and lung who present with central diabetes insipidus and was successfully treated with systemic steroids and chemotherapy . a 49-year - old man visited our hospital due ...
the devotion to one 's parents has been displayed in various cultures throughout time and , as such , has usually included the care of one 's parents in old age . in colonial times , the care of frail aged persons was primarily the responsibility of the family . today in the west , elderly people are primarily cared ...	despite recent advances in the area of home telemonitoring , the challenge of automatically detecting the sound signatures of activities of daily living of an elderly patient using nonintrusive and reliable methods remains . this paper investigates the classification of eight typical sounds of daily life from arbitra...
breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in the world , and ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world . inherited mutations in the breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 ( brca1 ) [ mim 113705 ] and breast cancer susceptibility gene 2 ( brca2 ) [ mim 600185 ] are associated with a high risk of develo...	introduction . pakistani population has a very rich anthrogeneological background with waves of migration from neighboring regions . incidence rates of breast and ovarian cancer in pakistan are on such a rapid rise that it is necessary to check the contributory factors , genetic and nongenetic . an insight into t...
two lff strains of ramalina farinacea ( ch050010 : chinese lichen , 40403 : korean lichen ) and one lff strain of ramalina fastigiata ( h06127 : hungarian lichen ) were obtained from korean lichen and allied bioresource bank . isolation by tissue culture method and confirmation by its sequence analysis of the lff wer...	this study was aimed at evaluating the growth promoting effect of symbiotic algal polyol ( ribitol ) and plant hormones on the lichen - forming fungi ( lff ) , ramalina farinacea ( ch050010 and 40403 ) and ramalina fastigiata . the addition of ribitol to basal ( malt - yeast extract ) medium enhanced the relative gro...
malignant lymphoma is the generic term given to tumors of the lymphoid system and these are divided into two major categories : hodgkin 's lymphoma ( hl ) and non - hl ( nhl ) . nhl usually involves the lymph nodes but can involve extranodal sites and can occur in the stomach , skin , lung , salivary glands and rarel...	the non - hodgkin 's lymphoma ( nhls ) is a diverse group of lymphoid neoplasms , prevalence of which increased since three decades . nhl is diverse in the manner of presentation , response to various treatment and prognosis . nhl usually involves not only lymph nodes but also extranodal sites . usually , oral ma...
polymer light emitting devices ( pleds ) have attracted much attention in recent years , due to their potential applicability to flat , large area displays [ 1 - 3 ] . major important technological issues related to commercial applications are the quantum efficiency , device stability and easy fabrication . among the...	we have demonstrated that fabrication and characterization of nanocomposite polymer light emitting devices with metal zinc oxide ( zno ) nanoparticles and 2,3-dibutoxy-1,4-poly(phenylenevinylene ) ( dbppv ) . the current and luminance characteristics of devices with zno nanoparticles are much better than those of dev...
the sellar region can be affected by a variety of cystic lesions , including neoplastic craniopharyngioma , non - neoplastic rathke cleft cyst , and arachnoid cyst . distinction among the different forms before surgery is often difficult , because the symptoms , signs , and biochemical and imaging features of t...	rathke cleft cysts are remnants of the rathke pouch . most of them are asymptomatic , but sometimes they can grow enough to cause compression of structures within and/or close to the sella , thus eliciting symptoms such as visual disturbance , pituitary defects , and headache . asymptomatic cysts can safely be ...
serum samples of 230 age - matched subjects ( 131 male , including 59 with type 2 diabetes , and 99 female , including 45 with type 2 diabetes ) were collected by the department of endocrinology , diabetes and nutrition and the department of nephrology both of charit - universittsmedizin berlin , campus benjamin frank...	objective it has been suggested that retinol - binding protein 4 ( rbp4 ) links adiposity , insulin resistance , and type 2 diabetes . however , circulating rbp4 levels are also affected by kidney function . therefore , the aim of this study was to test whether rbp4 serum levels are primarily associated with kidney...
lumbar spinal stenosis ( lss ) , in which narrowing of the spinal canal results in pressure on nerves in the back and leg , affects as many as 38.8% of adults 60 years and older in the united states.1 as the population ages , the prevalence of lss is likely to increase , resulting in an increased need for management of...	introductionsymptomatic chronic low back and leg pain resulting from lumbar spinal stenosis is expensive to treat and manage . a randomized , controlled , multicenter us food and drug administration investigational device exemption clinical trial assessed treatment - related patient outcomes comparing the coflex interl...
primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( hcm ) is characterized by asymmetrical hypertrophy of the left ventricle and septum , without underlying cardiac or vascular abnormalities ( richardson et al . 1996 ) the prevalence of primary hcm is 0.2% in the general population and in about 60% of the cases a mutation is ident...	cardiomyocyte contraction is regulated by phosphorylation of sarcomeric proteins . throughout the heart regional and transmural differences may exist in protein phosphorylation . in addition , phosphorylation of sarcomeric proteins is altered in cardiac disease . heterogeneity in protein phosphorylation may be la...
bronchoalveolar lavage ( bal ) has been widely applied as a routine tool in laboratories of respiratory disease 1 . the bal technique is safe and minimally invasive , and the presence of cell patterns can support clinical diagnosis in the absence of biopsy or when the clinical feature is compatible 2 , 3 . however ...	background . the value of bronchoalveolar lavage ( bal ) still remains controversial , prompting a need for further improvement . the purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a sequential analysis of cell content in fractional bal ( fbal ) from the airways and alveolar sacs with incorporation of the cellul...
the incidence of unicuspid aortic valve ( uav ) is 0.02% in adult population , and unlike the bicuspid aortic valve , there are no familial cases reported . unicuspid valves are more prone to bulky calcification , early , presentation of symptoms , and faster progression . there are no diagnostic criteria of the gu...	a 40-year - old male patient presented with dyspnea on exertion and palpitation from 2 months ago . physical examination revealed normal vital sign and a systolic murmur grade 3/6 in aortic area . echocardiography revealed unicuspid aortic valve with an eccentric orifice , calcification , and aortic valve area of 0...
we investigated 111 st1 gbs isolates collected by the toronto invasive bacterial diseases network during 20092015 . this network is a population - based surveillance system for invasive bacterial diseases in metropolitan toronto and peel region , ontario , canada ( total population under surveillance 5.5 million ) th...	we report several cases of recombination events leading to capsular switching among sequence type ( st ) 1 group b streptococcus strains . these strains otherwise shared a common genome backbone with serotype v st1 strains . however , the genomes of st1 serotype v strains and those of serotypes vi , vii , and viii ...
lapatinib is a low - molecular tyrosine - kinase inhibitor , highly bound to erbb / her-1 and erbb-2/her-2 receptors of epidermal growth factor . both her-1 and her-2 undergo overexpression in the case of various neoplasms , including breast cancer , which represents a significant point of escape from targeted therapie...	in patients with breast cancer with overexpression of the her2 receptor , during treatment with trastuzumab , in 30% of cases brain metastases are observed . the use of lapatinib with capecitabine ( l + c ) seems to be an efficacious method of curing patients in whom the spread of cancer in this location has occurred...
over the last two decades , iran has achieved significant success in terms of birth control , though in the meantime , it has faced many failures as such many reports reveal about one - third of unwanted pregnancies in tehran , the capital of iran . the unwanted pregnancy is one of the most important social health pr...	hormonal contraceptives are the most effective method for birth control , though they may have some default or complications . this research aimed to comparison of the efficacy and satisfaction of cyclofem with oral contraceptives ( ocs ) among females . a descriptive - comparative method was conducted on 80 women ...
the 2014 caramel apple listeriosis outbreak infected 35 people across the united states and one additional person in canada ; seven deaths were reported , with listeriosis directly causing three of the deaths ( 1 , 2 ) . the outbreak took producers , public health officials , and food safety experts by surprise : car...	abstracta 2014 multistate listeriosis outbreak was linked to consumption of caramel - coated apples , an unexpected and previously unreported vehicle for listeria monocytogenes . this outbreak was unanticipated because both the ph of apples ( < 4.0 ) and the water activity of the caramel coating ( < 0.80 ) are too lo...
	a straightforward synthetic route to arylazoindazoles via nucleophilic aromatic substitution is presented . upon deprotonation of the nh group , a c6f5-substituted formazan undergoes facile cyclization as a result of intermolecular nucleophilic substitution ( snar ) . this new class of azo photoswitches con...
transurethral resection of the prostate ( turp ) is considered the reference standard in the surgical therapy of symptomatic bladder outlet obstruction ( boo ) secondary to benign prostatic hypertrophy ( bph ) between 30 and 80 ml . recently , various studies have dealt with the introduction of new surgical laser the...	purposevarious articles have previously addressed the introduction of new surgical laser therapies for an enlarged prostate gland causing obstructive symptoms . the objective of this study was to report the feasibility of performing the thulium laser vapo - enucleation of the prostate ( thuvep ) procedure for benign ...
rapid prototyping ( rp ) models obtained by additive manufacturing , which were initially described in the 1990s by mankovich , are based on medical imaging ( ct scans , cbct , mri , ultrasounds ) and represent portions of human anatomy at a scale of 1:1 . the 4 major rp technologies are stereolithography ( sl ) , se...	backgroundthe objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy of 3-dimensional ( 3d ) plastic ( abs ) models generated using a low - cost 3d fused deposition modelling printer.material/methodstwo human dry mandibles were scanned with a cone beam computed tomography ( cbct ) accuitomo device . preprocessing cons...
the position of the ureter , approximately 2.3 cm from the lateral edge of the cervix , makes it particularly vulnerable to injury or ligation . the delayed setting , there is often significant scarring , and traditionally these injuries have been repaired through a standard open surgical approach . however , the e...	background and objectives : ureteral injuries , while rare , do occur during gynecologic procedures . the expansion of laparoscopic and robotic pelvic surgical procedures increases the risk of ureteral injury from these procedures and suggests a role for minimally invasive approaches to the delayed repair of ureteral...
aspergillus is a genus of fungus , which has significant impact on human and animal welfare worldwide . among this group are potent pathogens ( 13 ) causing invasive diseases , allergens , mycotoxin producers causing crop spoilage ( 4 ) , as well as species used to our benefit in the food and drinks industries ( 57 )...	the central aspergillus data repository ( cadre ; http://www.cadre-genomes.org.uk ) is a public resource for genomic data extracted from species of aspergillus . it provides an array of online tools for searching and visualising features of this significant fungal genus . cadre arose from a need within the medical ...
the classical philadelphia negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms ( mpns ) encompass mainly essential thrombocythemia ( et ) , polycythemia vera ( pv ) , and myelofibrosis 1 . these diseases are clonal , as evidenced by mutations such as the jak2v617 , mpl , and calr 25 . the clinical mpn - phenotype is of...	key clinical messagethe inflammation - mediated comorbidities in myelofibrosis ( mf ) and related neoplasms ( mpns ) likely reflect the concurrent immune deregulation and systemic inflammatory nature of the mpns , emphasizing the link between chronic systemic inflammation , immune deregulation , and the malignant clone...
gentamicin , an aminoglycoside antibiotic with a wide spectrum of activities , is vastly used in the treatment of gram - negative bacterial infections . it has been shown that up to 30% of people who receive a course of gentamicin treatment develop some symptoms of nephrotoxicity ( 1 , 2 ) . although the exact mech...	objective(s):gentamicin is used for the treatment of gram - negative bacterial infections . however , gentamicin administration is limited because of nephrotoxicity . the aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of crocin against gentamicin - induced nephrotoxicity in rats.materials and methods ...
femoroacetabular impingement ( fai ) is a common cause of hip pathology characterized by post activity groin pain and joint stiffness due to the abnormal repetitive contact between the femoral head / neck and the acetabular rim . extra - articular causes of hip impingement have been increasingly recognized with abnor...	introduction : abnormal morphology of the anterior inferior iliac spine ( aiis ) is a rarely recognized but important source of extra - articular hip impingement . chronic progressive symptoms of stiffness and limitation of hip motion with persistent groin pain may place significant restriction on activity . concomitan...
parathyroid carcinoma is the least common endocrine malignancy and accounted for only 0.005% of cases reported to the national cancer database ( ncdb ) between 1985 and 1995 . due to its rarity , patients usually present with a severe form of hyperparathyroidism at diagnosis , such as bone disease ( brown tumors , su...	parathyroid carcinoma is a very rare cause of hyperparathyroidism . the diagnosis is usually established on histopathological grounds of capsular and vascular invasion , but a potential clue to the diagnosis is also offered by the severity of clinical profile , abrupt onset of symptoms , and a high degree of hypercal...

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