Subset (2)

section · 133k rows

Split (3)

train · 120k rows

article stringlengths 0 826k	abstract stringlengths 174 4.34k
a 33-year - old woman was admitted to our hospital ( ali ebne abitaleb hospital , zahedan , iran ) due to prolonged fever , neck masses and the swelling of her left lower limb . she complained that fever had been prolonged for 3 months , being persistent during the whole 24 hour , without special pattern during days ...	systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) , is sometimes complicated by the rare fatal syndrome , thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura ( ttp ) , but the occurrence of ttp as the initial manifestation of sle is very rare . since they have similarities in some features , the differentiation of ttp from sle may be missed . ...
although all nucleated cells contain the same genetic information , multicellular organisms have evolved elaborate mechanisms that enable differential and cell - type specific gene expression . epigenetics refers to the heritable changes that control how the genome is accessed in different cell types during embryonic...	growing evidence suggests that protein lysine methyltransferases ( pkmts ) and protein arginine methyltransferases ( prmts ) are associated with the development of various human diseases , including cancer , inflammation , and psychiatric disorders . given the significant role of these proteins in human disease , eff...
in 2012 , an 18-year - old woman with no major medical history sought care at an outpatient infectious diseases clinic in tbilisi with a 2-week history of weakness , malaise , fever > 38c for the previous 10 days , enlarging right neck mass , and occasional night sweats . she denied recent travel outside the city , c...	lymphadenopathy and fever that developed in a woman in tbilisi , georgia , most likely were caused by a ratborne bartonella strain related b. tribocorum and b. elizabethae . the finding suggests that this bartonella strain could be spread by infected rats and represents a potential human risk .
our prototype project was described in a paper published in june , sex differences and organizational effects of androgen in spinal cord motor nuclei ( grisham et al . , 2003 ) , along with a collection of digital photomicrographs of snb spinal cord motor neurons ( see figure 2 ) . this collection of digital images...	we are providing free digital resources for teaching neuroscience labs at http://mdcune.psych.ucla.edu/. these resources will ultimately include materials for teaching laboratories in electrophysiology of neuronal circuits ( swimmy ) , a neuroinformatics / bioinformatics module , and two modules for investigating the e...
although in recent years we have witnessed a new beginning of interest in homeopathy , the reliability of its main principles , the simile and the dilution of medicines , is yet to be demonstrated on experimentally , and few studies have been conducted to understand its underlying mechanism(s ) [ 1 - 3 ] . these fe...	objectives : advancements in nanotechnology have led to nanoparticle ( np ) use in various fields of medicine . although the potential of nps is promising , the lack of documented evidence on the toxicological effects of nps is concerning . a few studies have documented that homeopathy uses nps . unfortunately , ...
staphylococcus aureus , a bacterium commonly isolated from humans , is an important causative agent for skin and soft tissue infections , pneumonia , septic arthritis , endocarditis , osteomyelitis , and sepsis . methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus ( mrsa ) strains resistant to -lactam antimicrobial agents ...	background . black people in the usa is afflicted with a higher rate of methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus ( mrsa ) infection . this study determined the prevalence of mrsa carriage among black college students at a university setting . methods . hand and nasal swabs were collected and screened for mrs...
clinically there is development of microalbuminuria with progression to overt proteinuria , increased in blood pressure and reduced renal function ( 1 ) . excessive deposition of extracellular matrix protein in the glomeruli and subsequent mesangial expansion are the main structural alterations in diabetic nephropath...	background and the purpose of the studythe combination of angiotensin ii receptor antagonists and hmg coa reductase inhibitors have shown to confer renoprotection.the purpose of this study was to find out the renoprotective effects of telmisartan and atorvastatin in combination and in monotherapy of streptozotocin ( st...
basal cell carcinoma ( bcc ) is the most common cancer in the white population , and its incidence is still increasing [ 1 , 2 ] . this is a slow - growing , locally invasive epidermal skin tumour that can cause considerable patient morbidity [ 3 , 4 ] . bcc most often arises on sun exposed , cosmetic sensi...	topical photodynamic therapy ( pdt ) has limitations in the treatment of thick skin tumours . the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of pre - pdt deep curettage on tumour thickness in thick ( 2 mm ) basal cell carcinoma ( bcc ) . additionally , 3-month treatment outcome and change of tumour thickness fr...
lead is one of the most toxic elements which may cause acute , subacute or chronic poisoning through environmental and occupational exposure . common sources of lead poisoning are found in car battery industry , manufacturing of ceramic , plumbing , primary and secondary smelting , and exposure to lead - bearing pain...	background : lead is a toxic element which causes acute , subacute or chronic poisoning through environmental and occupational exposure . the aim of this study was to investigate clinical and laboratory abnormalities of chronic lead poisoning among workers of a car battery industry . methods : questionnaires and form...
the marfan syndrome is a dominantly inherited disorder of connective tissue characterized by musculoskeletal , ocular , and cardiovascular abnormalities . the incidence of marfan syndrome is estimated to be 1 in 10,000 in most racial and ethnic groups . abnormal musculoskeletal findings include arachnodactyly , tal...	we report on an 18-year - old man who had both acute monoblastic leukemia and marfan syndrome . a diagnosis of marfan syndrome was established by those characteristics of arachnodactyly , ectopia lentis , mitral valve prolapse , and mitral regurgitation . findings on bone marrow examination of the patient showed th...
prostate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in men , affecting 1 in 7 men in north america [ 1 , 2 ] . androgen deprivation therapy ( adt ) with gonadotropin releasing hormone ( gnrh ) agonists has been a mainstay of therapy for locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer since the 1990s and is also incre...	background . while androgen deprivation therapy ( adt ) reduces the risk of prostate cancer - specific mortality in high - risk localized prostate cancer , it adversely affects cardiovascular ( cv ) risk factor profiles in treated men . methods . we retrospectively reviewed the charts of 100 consecutive men with in...
posttraumatic stress disorder ( ptsd ) is a prevalent anxiety disorder triggered by the traumatic experiences which produce strong negative feelings , such as horror , intense fear , and helplessness . the hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal ( hpa ) axis plays a pivotal role in stress induced neural plasticity , so th...	several types of microrna ( mirna ) overexpression in the brain are associated with stress . one of the targets of mir-34c is the stress - related corticotrophin releasing factor receptor 1 mrna ( crfr1 mrna ) . here we will probe into the short - term effect and long - term effect of early adolescent traumatic str...
chordomas are rare , slow - growing tumours that originate from ectopic notochordal remnants , found along the axial skeleton . ( 1 ) chordomas originate in the sacral ( 29.2% ) , cranial ( 32% ) and spinal ( 32.8% ) regions . ( 2 ) clival chordomas represent approximately half of cranial chordomas and they are mor...	chordomas are rare , locally - aggressive tumours with a high rate of local recurrence . recurrence along the route of surgical entry is an uncommon form of treatment failure . we report a case of a 59-year - old female who presented with a 3 cm neck mass in the left mid - sternocleidomastoid region . she had a h...
endometrial cancer is the most common type of gynecological cancer in the united states with approximately 40 100 cases diagnosed and about 7470 deaths from the disease each year . therefore , there is great interest in identifying novel ways to treat and prevent this disease . an increased incidence of endometrial...	endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer . estrogen - dependent endometrioid carcinoma is the most common type of endometrial cancer , and alterations in the expression of pten and k - ras have been associated with this disease . to study the roles of pten and k - ras in endometrial cancer , w...
high - risk groups like special health care needs ( shcn ) population suffers from a disproportionate share of untreated diseases . these diseases , in turn , have a significant impact on their health adding to the despair and burdening their already ailing health . shcn children and adolescents are recognized as b...	objectives : the aim was to assess and compare the prevalence of orthodontic treatment need among various special health care needs ( shcn ) schoolchildren and adolescents in dharwad , india.materials and methods : this cross - sectional study was carried out among 492 subjects in age group of 12 - 19 years ( mean age ...
angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia ( alhe ) is a benign disease and the scalp might be involved as well . angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia ( alhe ) or epitheloid hemangioma is an uncommon vascular disorder . inflammatory processes such as allergic reactions , trauma or autoimmune disorders are i...	angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia ( alhe ) is a rare and idiopathic vascular disorder . it is characterized by red to brown papules and nodules , typically localized on the head and neck , particularly around the ear as singular or multiple lesions . although alhe is a benign disease , lesions are often p...
depression is responsible for an estimated economic cost of more than $ 40 billion annually and has a large impact on quality of life and productivity . it has been ranked as the leading cause of disability and premature death among people aged 18 - 44 years worldwide and is expected to be the second leading cause of...	depression poses a significant economic and health burden , yet it remains underdiagnosed and inadequately treated . the star*d trial funded by the national institute of mental health showed that more than one antidepressant medication is often necessary to achieve disease remission among patients seen in both psychiat...
the disease comprises classical triad of adie 's tonic pupil , decreased or diminished tendon reflexes , and sweating disorders especially anhidrosis . however , basic objective sign is hyperhidrosis , which is often revealed by a segmental compensatory . although other autonomic disturbances occur in addition to t...	ross syndrome is a rare sweating disorder associated with adie 's tonic pupil , decreased or diminished tendon reflex and unknown etiology . although autonomic disturbances affecting sudomotor and vasomotor functions are seen commonly , they are rarely symptomatic . while ross syndrome is typically characterized wi...
stuttering is a disorder defined by frequent prolongations , repetitions , or blocks of spoken sounds and/or syllables , as well as anxiety and cognitive avoidance . coexisting symptoms may include facial grimacing and tremors of the muscles involved in speech.1 stuttering affects approximately 5% of children and 1% ...	stuttering is characterized by disrupted fluency of verbal expression , and occurs mostly in children . persistent developmental stuttering ( pds ) may occur in adults . reports of the surgical management of pds are limited . here we present the case of a 28-year - old man who had had pds since the age of 7 years...
293 t and madin darby canine kidney cells ( mdck ) cells were obtained from the american type culture collection ( atcc ) . cells were grown in dulbecco 's modified eagle 's medium ( invitrogen ) , supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum ( hyclone ) and penicillin - streptomycin ( invitrogen ) . all synthetic infl...	influenza claims 250,000 - 500,000 lives annually worldwide . despite existing vaccines and enormous efforts in biomedical research , these staggering numbers have not changed significantly over the last two decades1 , motivating the search for new , more effective , vaccines that can be rapidly designed and easily p...
a wide range of conditions can cause alopecia that includes medical disorders , nutritional deficiencies , physical agents , infections , drugs , etc . , drugs are one of the important causes of alopecia and among them anti - mitotic agents are routinely known to be associated with this . other drugs in rare circum...	drug - induced alopecia is a known clinical entity and mainly seen with anti - mitotic drug therapy . alopecia during anti - tuberculosis therapy is very uncommon and previously observed with isoniazid , thiacetazone , and ethionamide . present communication describes an additional case of isoniazid - induced alope...
with recent advances in molecular genetic analysis , an increasing number of different nucleotide substitutions in mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) have been identified in patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy . point mutations in mitochondrial trna genes , in particular , are commonly associated with mitochondria...	we present a japanese family suffering from mitochondrial encephalomyopathy associated with a t - to - c transition at mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) nucleotide position 3291 . clinical manifestations of the patients include cerebellar ataxia with myopathy , recurrent headache , and myoclonus and epilepsy . the phenot...
multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is an inflammatory , neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system ( cns ) . the disease process itself results in the demyelination and transection of axons in the brain , spinal cord , and optic nerves . this axonal damage delays or blocks the propagation of electrical potentia...	background . spasticity is prevalent and disabling in persons with multiple sclerosis ( ms ) , and the development of the multiple sclerosis spasticity scale-88 ( msss-88 ) provides an opportunity for examining the perceived impact of spasticity and its association with gait in this population . purpose . this stud...
in 1948 thophile alajouanine , an eminent neurologist of the last century , published a very relevant article about aphasia and artistic creation , a landmark publication on this topic , concerned in part with ravel s final illness . researchers have been studying the ravel case since 1948 . a complete diagnosis of r...	summaryin 1948 the famous french neurologist thophile alajouanine published the article aphasia and artistic realization , a landmark in the field of research about aphasia , which discussed the case of the composer maurice ravel ( 18751937 ) . since then , many researchers have explored the final illness of the co...
prevalence of the periodontal disease varies in different regions of the world , and a higher prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in asian countries is reported . periodontal diseases are chronic infectious diseases that results in the inflammation of specialized tissues that surround and support the teeth...	background : investigators have identified an association of socio - demographic and medical factors with periodontal risk . this study observed status and association of periodontal disease and associated risk factors / indictors.materials and methods : all patients attending a dental teaching hospital were interviewe...
hydroxychloroquine can induce adverse effects on the central nervous system , from irritability , nervousness , and emotional changes to true psychoses.doses greater than 6 mg / kg / day , pharmacokinetic interactions , a personal or family psychiatric history and the disease per se for which hcq is used can represent ...	we describe the case of an elderly woman with elderly - onset rheumatoid arthritis , where the use of 4 mg / kg / day of hydroxychloroquine ( hcq ) was followed by the onset of psychomotor agitation with marked physical and verbal violence towards her partner , including throwing objects at her partner . no disturban...
isolated abducens nerve palsies caused by vertebra artery ( va ) aneurysm have been rarely reported1 - 3,7 ) . nerve compression due to aneurysm , cisternal hematoma , vascular insufficiency , increased intracranial pressure ( icp ) have been suggested as potential mechanisms for isolated abducens nerve paralysis fol...	isolated abducens nerve paresis related to ruptured vertebral artery ( va ) aneurysm is rare . it usually occurs bilaterally or ipsilaterally to the pathologic lesions . we report the case of a contralateral sixth nerve palsy following ruptured dissecting va aneurysm . a 38-year - old man was admitted for the evalu...
the incidence of cardiovascular disease among women is low before menopause but increases after the onset of menopause [ mendelsohn and karas , 1999 ] . this etiology is believed to result in part from the loss of endogenous estrogen , and indicates that estrogen ...	the effects of estrogen are mediated through two functionally distinct receptors , estrogen receptor ( er- ) , and estrogen receptor ( er- ) , both of which are expressed in the cardiovascular system . the etiology of cardiovascular disease is bel...
an electroencephalogram ( eeg ) evaluates electrical activity produced by the brain , which can signify or rule out certain conditions , most commonly seizure disorders . electroencephalography is the neurophysiological measurement of electrical activity in the brain as recorded by electrodes placed on the scalp or ,...	this study integrates the hardware circuit design and the development support of the software interface to achieve a 32-channel eeg system for bci applications . since the eeg signals of human bodies are generally very weak , in addition to preventing noise interference , it also requires avoiding the waveform distor...
fifty - four swiss webster mice aged 1 to 24 weeks ( both sexes ) were purchased from charles river laboratories ( wilmington , ma , usa ) and housed at the neuroscience center of excellence , louisiana state university health ( lsuh ; new orleans , la , usa ) . the animals were handled in compliance with the guideline...	purposeto investigate the entire nerve architecture and content of the two main sensory neuropeptides in mouse cornea to determine if it is a good model with similarities to human corneal innervation.methodsmice aged 1 to 24 weeks were used . the corneas were stained with neuronal - class iii - tubulin , calcitonin g...
the data shows that the production of soluble recombinant proteins in the bacterium escherichia coli can be improved by varying the fusion protein , time , temperature , and concentration of inducer during protein expression.the data indicates that recombinant proteins , exemplified here with the red fluorescent protei...	fusion proteins have become essential for the expression and purification of recombinant proteins in escherichia coli . the metal - binding protein cusf has shown several features that make it an attractive fusion protein and affinity tag : " expression and purification of recombinant proteins in escherichia coli tag...
cardiovascular diseases are the most common reason for morbidity and mortality in western countries . treatment of valve diseases is , beside coronary bypass surgery , the most common therapy in cardiac surgery . worldwide approximately 300,000 heart valve operations are performed and since the introduction of cath...	since the first heterotopic implantation of a biological heart valve in 1955 by murray , bioprostheses have been steadily improved . for allografts different methods have been evaluated and modified to stabilize and preserve the available tissue . xenografts were fixed to cross - link the connective tissue as well ...
during speciation in crop plants , many morphological changes evolved in response to continuous selection pressure . such characters are largely governed by genetic and epigenetic changes or are modulated according to ecological adaptations . the transition of wild progenitor species into modern elite cultivars thr...	transformation of wild species into elite cultivars through domestication entails evolutionary responses in which plant populations adapt to selection . domestication is a process characterized by the occurrence of key mutations in morphological , phenological , or utility genes , which leads to the increased adapt...
the process can be divided into four stages : hemostasis , inflammation , proliferation ( the formation of granulation , contraction , and reepithelialization ) , and remodeling . in hemostasis , as the blood components enter the site of injury , the platelets release essential growth factors and cytokines such as plat...	although many previous studies reported that honey promotes wound healing , no study has examined the effects of japanese honey . the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three types of japanese honey , acacia , buckwheat flour , and chinese milk vetch honey , on wound healing in comparison with hydroc...
an animal trading company in shizuoka , japan , imported 106 southern flying squirrels from miami , florida , on march 27 , 2005 . three workers handled these animals , which were housed 10 animals to a cage . before patient 1 became ill , the workers dressed casually and touched the animals with bare hands in thei...	we diagnosed leptospirosis in 2 patients exposed to southern flying squirrels imported from the united states to japan . patients worked with exotic animals in their company . leptospira isolates from 1 patient and 5 of 10 squirrels at the company were genetically and serologically identical and were identified as ...
non - extraction treatment of a crowded dental arch requires an increase in arch perimeter to allow achievement of arch alignment and leveling.1 without distal movement of arches , an increase in arch perimeter typically involves both transverse expansion and proclination.2 however , these arch dimensional changes may ...	objectiveto evaluate the long - term effects of self - ligating brackets ( slbs ) on transverse dimensions of arches and skeletal and soft tissues and to quantitatively evaluate the treatment outcome after non - extraction treatment with slbs.methodsthe sample consisted of 24 ( 18 female and six male ) subjects , with ...
sometimes a few minutes delay in treatment may have serious consequence for patient , thus to save the lives of patients immediate and urgent measures will be required ( 1 ) . acute pesticide poisoning is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in iran and worldwide ( 2 ) . the general patterns of poisoning s...	background : expansion of technology and progression of sciences have led to wider access to agricultural and industrial drugs and chemicals , which has resulted in many problems . both in wanted and unwanted ways people may take these toxic agents , which perhaps may be along with many unpredictable , life - threateni...
the worldwide depletion of conventional oil and gas reserves inspired growing attention to alternative energy sources . however , the current gap between nonrenewable ( 81.6% ) and renewable ( 13.4% ) energy sources in the global total primary energy supply remains too wide to be closed in the coming decenn...	organic contaminants in shale gas flowback and produced water ( fpw ) are traditionally expressed as total organic carbon ( toc ) or chemical oxygen demand ( cod ) , though these parameters do not provide information on the toxicity and environmental fate of individual components . this review addresses ide...
pulmonary veno - occlusive disease ( pvod ) is a rare and devastating cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension with a non - specific clinical presentation and a relatively specific presentation in high - resolution thoracic ct scan images . definitive diagnosis is made by histological examination in previous . accord...	abstractbackground : pulmonary veno - occlusive disease ( pvod ) is a rare and devastating cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension with a non - specific clinical presentation and a relatively specific presentation in high - resolution thoracic ct scan images . definitive diagnosis is made by histological examination...
burnout syndrome was defined for the first time by herbert freudenberger as a condition of fatigue or frustration produced by dedication to a cause expected to give positive results that conflicts with a reality that does not correspond to the professional 's expectations . according to moreno - jimnez et al . , base...	objective . to identify the risk factors to the development of burnout syndrome in ob / gyn brazilian physicians in four dimensions : emotional exhaustion ( ee ) , professional repression ( pr ) , dehumanization ( de ) , and emotional distancing ( emd ) . methods . a prospective cross - sectional study was realized...
multiple techniques have been explored for temporary abdominal closure , including mesh closure , intravenous fluid bags or other materials to bridge the gap in the abdomen , and vacuum packing using suction applied under an occlusive dressing to control abdominal fluid drainage . these are very easy techniques t...	abstractopen abdomen management is commonly used for the critically injured patients to avoid abdominal compartment syndrome . but it usually continues for days to weeks and finally results in abdominal wall defect that is too wide to close at once . this article presents an alternative approach to close the giant ...
osteoarthritis ( oa ) of the knee is a major cause of disability that affects 12% of adults aged 60 years.1 knee oa is responsible for progressive joint pain and dysfunction due to articular cartilage and subchondral bone damage , synovitis , and osteophyte formation.2 conservative measures such as analgesics , aerobic...	backgroundgiven the poor long - term effectiveness of focused nonsurgical knee osteoarthritis ( oa ) treatments , alternative therapies are needed for patients who have unsuccessfully exhausted nonsurgical options.methodsa telephone interview was conducted in patients who participated in a single 8-week multimodal knee...
a 30-month - old boy initially presented with hip joint pain and fever , which failed to improve despite treatment that was given under the impression of a septic hip at a local hospital . one month later , he was admitted to another hospital due to progressed multifocal bone pain . the imaging work up , including ...	we present here a very rare case of metastatic relapse in the pancreas of a 4-year - old boy who had been treated for stage 4 neuroblastoma . computed tomography showed multiple metastatic masses in the pancreas with secondary pancreatitis . to the best of our knowledge , this is the first case report of pancreatic...
a satisfactory smile can be achieved by using several techniques and esthetic materials such as resin and porcelain . restorations such as laminate , veneers or full coverage restorations tend to sacrifice healthy tooth structure and challenge the clinicians to match the adjacent unrestored teeth . there will be diff...	this case report refers to the esthetic and functional restorations of extensively damaged maxillary central incisors with dental caries in a 32-year - old woman , with the use of posts and crowns made from natural extracted teeth . proper restoration of such teeth with the use of natural teeth fragments are known as...
national institutes of health / national institute of allergy and infectious diseases [ r01 ai091820 ] . the funders had no role in study design , data collection and analysis , decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript .	pediatric influenza virus infections in the tropics , particularly during infancy , are not well described . we identified influenza virus infections among infants with non - dengue acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses in san pablo , laguna , philippines , as part of an ongoing clinical study of dengue virus infe...
it is now widely acknowledged that alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) develops progressively before reaching the dementia stage . predicting ad dementia years before its occurrence is , therefore , theoretically possible but remains a challenge in clinical practice . the concepts of mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) and a...	backgroundtheri-48 cued recall test was devised to discriminate between healthy elderly and patients with mild cognitive impairment who are at risk of developing alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . however , no long - term follow - up studies have been conducted using this test.methodswe analyzed the predictive power of th...
pulmonary thromboembolism ( pte ) during or after regional anesthesia , although very rare , has been reported in cases undergoing lower limb orthopedic procedures . patients with fractures of the hip , pelvis , or femur are at high risk of developing deep vein thrombosis and pte . chronic smokers are known to be at ...	pulmonary embolism during or after regional anaesthesia is although very rare , it has been reported in cases undergoing lower limb orthopedic procedures . we presenting a 48 years old male , a known smoker since 25 years , with history of road traffic accident and open fracture right femur for external fixation . ...
the hemangioma is vasoformative tumour , characterized by an excess of blood vessels especially veins and capillaries in a focal area of submucosal connective tissue . there are various subtypes of hemangioma like capillary hemangioma , lobular hemangioma , cellular hemangioma and epithelioid hemangioma ( eh ) . eh...	the aim of this case report is to present a rare case which has been reported with the history of small nodule like growth on mandibular buccal and lingual area . thirty year old pregnant women reported a nodule on left mandibular buccal and lingual region . the lesion was surgically excised and sent for biopsy to ...
although the current composites exhibit excellent physical resistance and esthetic properties , there are still several problems related to shrinkage during polymerization and bacterial invasion . siloranes are popular restorative materials that have been synthesized to overcome the problems related to the polymeriza...	objective : the aim of this in vitro study was to compare the microleakage and bond strength of class v silorane - based and universal micro - hybrid composite restorations prepared either with diamond bur or with an erbium , chromium : yttrium - scandium - gallium - garnet ( er , cr : ysgg ) laser.materials and method...
primary sclerosing cholangitis ( psc ) is a chronic liver disease characterized by cholestasis , biliary inflammation and duct stricture that will lead to cirrhosis in approximately half of subjects ( 1 - 5 ) . there are no curative medical treatments for psc , and the only definitive treatment for advanced disease i...	background : while roux - en - y hepaticojejunostomy ( ryh ) is the common anastomotic technique for liver transplantation ( lt ) in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis ( psc ) , duct - to - duct ( dd ) reconstruction may be used if the recipient common bile duct is normal . there are conflicting observation...
within the efforts of the electronics industry to develop a more environmentally friendly and less toxic technology , e.g. the switch to lead - free solders , the ternary cu - ni - sn system assumed a key role , due to the focus on mostly cu and sn - bearing solders and ni as a surface coating on the metallization . in...	standard enthalpies of formation of ternary phases in the cu - ni - sn system were determined along sections at 25 , 41 and 45.5 at.% sn applying tin solution drop calorimetry . generally , the interaction of ni with sn is much stronger than that of cu with sn . along all sections the enthalpy of formation changes...
methamphetamine ( n - methyl-1-phenyl - propan-2-amine ) , propranolol ( rs)-1-(isopropylamino)-3-(1-naphthyloxy)propan-2-ol ) and pyrrolidine ( tetrahydropyrrole ) were purchased from sigma - aldrich ( uk ) . ultra - purified ( deionised ) water was prepared in - house using a milli - q water system ( millipore , uk...	a new isocratic reversed - phase hplc method with diode - array uv detection was developed and validated for the determination of methamphetamine and propranolol in tablet dosage forms . chromatography was carried out on an xterra rp18 ( 1504.6 mm , 5 m ) column using 50 mm pyrrolidine ( ph 11.5 ) acetonitrile ( 50:...
crouzon syndrome ( cs ) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by premature closure of one or more cranial sutures and produces the characteristic craniofacial and other associated abnormalities . it is one of the craniosynostosis syndrome that is caused by a mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 gene...	crouzon syndrome , also called craniofacial dysostosis , is an autosomal dominant disorder with complete penetrance and variable expressivity . described by a french neurosurgeon in 1912 , it is a rare genetic disorder characterized by premature closure of cranial sutures , midfacial hypoplasia , and orbital defects . ...
for smooth rhythmical alternating shifts , the muscle strength of the lower extremities is essential , and the improvement of the strength of these muscles is very effective at improving balance , speed , and distance during walking1 . in particular , among the muscles of the lower extremities , the hip abductor ...	[ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to compare the muscle activity of the gluteus medius according to treadmill inclination during gait with a vertical load on a treadmill . [ methods ] sixteen healthy subjects were recruited for this study . the subjects walked on a treadmill at inclination angles of 0 ,...
stavudine ( 2-3-didehydro-2-3-dideoxythymidine or d4 t ) received marketing authorization for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) infection in 1994 at a dose of 40 mg twice daily . after 7 years of clinical usage , the dose was reduced to 30 mg twice daily , following evidence from a systematic re...	pharmacometricians are virtually nonexistent in africa and the developing world . the unrelenting burden of infectious diseases , which are often treated using medicines with narrow effectiveness and safety dose ranges , and the growing prevalence and recognition of non - communicable diseases represent significant t...
the association between the several non - skeletal diseases and vitamin d deficiency has been recently reported ( 1 , 2 ) . some risk factors of vitamin d deficiency and type 2 diabetes are similar ( e.g. ethnicity , obesity , age and low physical activity level ) . a low level of vitamin d status has been reported...	background : lower vitamin d status has been reported in diabetic patients . serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d and adiponectin were inversely associated with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance . vitamin d may involve in regulation of the adiponectin levels , which is directly related to insulin sensitivity.objectives:t...
chiari malformations ( cms ) constitute a group of different clinicopathological entities with varying etiology , pathophysiology , and clinical features . professor hans chiari ( 18511916 ) developed a four - tier scheme for classifying these entities [ 1 , 2 ] . his initial description was based on the findings o...	chiari malformations ( cms ) constitute a variety of four mainly syndromes ( i , ii , iii , and iv ) , which describe the protrusion of brain tissue into the spinal canal through the foramen magnum . these malformations frequently occur in combination with other pathological entities such as myelomeningocele , hydroc...
cancer is , by definition , the uncontrolled growth of autonomous cells that eventually destroys adjacent tissues and generates architectural disorder , and also shows how a cell population undergoing density - dependent growth can lead to a chaotic dynamic biological system . however , this traditional concept can n...	cancer is , by definition , the uncontrolled growth of autonomous cells that eventually destroy adjacent tissues and generate architectural disorder . however , this concept can not be totally true . in three well documented studies , we have demonstrated that cancer tissues produce order zones that evolve over tim...
the development of a safe and effective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( hiv-1 ) vaccine is an urgent global health priority . an hiv-1 vaccine should be simple to administer , be long acting , and provide protection against mucosal hiv-1 exposure . replication - incompetent adenovirus serotype 26 ( ad26 ) has...	replication - competent adenovirus ( rcad)-based vaccine vectors may theoretically provide immunological advantages over replication - incompetent ad vectors , but they also raise additional potential clinical and regulatory issues . we produced replication - competent ad serotype 26 ( rcad26 ) vectors by adding the ...
nadph - oxidase- ( nox- ) derived reactive oxygen species ( ros ) play a central role in the destruction of pathogenic organisms by phagocytes . the phagocyte nox complex is composed of flavocytochrome b558 , an integral membrane heterodimer composed of gp91 ( a.k.a . nox2 ) and p22 , four cytoplasmic protein subun...	although nadph oxidase 4 ( nox4 ) is the most abundant nox isoform in systemic vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells , its function in the vascular tissue is not entirely known . the literature describes a pathophysiological role for nox4 in cardiovascular disease ; however , some studies have reported that it...
meningioma , the second most common benign tumor of the central nervous system , accounts for 13% to 26% of all intracranial neoplasms . about 20% of intracranial meningioma has extracranial disseminations to the orbit , middle ear cavity , nasal cavity , nasopharynx and paranasal sinuses , et al . primary extracra...	meningioma is well known as common disease of the central nervous system , whereas primary extracranial meningioma is rare , representing 1% to 2% of all meningiomas . we have experienced a case of primary extracranial meningioma presenting as a right cheek mass . the tumor was completely excised via a right latera...
this study provides class iv evidence that in patients with nmo , tcz reduces relapse rate , neuropathic pain , and fatigue . the aim of this class iv evidence study was to evaluate the effect and safety of a monthly injection of tcz ( 8 mg / kg ) with their current therapy in patients with nmo . we evaluated the a...	objective : to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a humanized anti interleukin-6 receptor antibody , tocilizumab ( tcz ) , in patients with neuromyelitis optica ( nmo).methods : seven patients with anti aquaporin-4 antibody ( aqp4-ab)-positive nmo or nmo spectrum disorders were recruited on the basis of their limit...
wegener s granulomatosis ( wg ) is a rare chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the triad of small vessel necrotizing vasculitis , geographic necrosis and granulomatous inflammation.1 although it can involve any organ system ( eyes , heart , skin , joints , nervous system ) , wg mainly affects the upper and low...	wegener s granulomatosis ( wg ) is one form of idiopathic autoimmune vasculitis . the disease has a predilection for the upper and lower respiratory tracts ( lungs , nose , sinus ) , and kidneys . wg may be systemic , severe , and potentially lethal , but it may also be limited to the otolaryngological area or to t...
it has been known that obesity may cause diabetes , osteoarthritis , cardiovascular diseases , sleep apnea , breast and uterine cancers and other reproductive disorders in women ( 1 - 4 ) . body mass index ( bmi ) has been widely used to assess the degree of obesity and overweight objectively and used as an indicator...	the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of body mass index ( bmi ) as a predictor of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer ( ivf - et ) outcomes . two hundred twenty - three ivf - et cycles in 164 patients under 37 yr using gnrh agonist long protocols were included in this retrospective study...
concussion is a form of mild traumatic brain injury ( mtbi ) that can be sustained through sufficient acceleration and deceleration of the head . a 2006 study found that between 1.6 and 3.8 million mtbi occur annually in the united states , although this is likely a conservative estimate as a significant number of co...	concussion from sport is increasingly recognized as a public health priority . in response , all states and the district of columbia have enacted youth concussion legislation . this paper first examines key developments in concussion - related policy and legislation and then uses the findings from recent scientific s...
while sentinel node biopsy is becoming the standard of care in developed countries and survival rates improve , emerging data from studies have questioned the use of axillary lymph node dissection ( alnd ) in breast cancer patients with positive sentinel lymph node ( sln ) . the general reasoning behind axillary diss...	introduction . there has been recent interest in validity of completion axillary node dissection after a positive sentinel node . this systematic review aims to ascertain if sentinel lymph node dissection alone was noninferior to axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer patients who have a positive sentinel n...
myelodysplastic syndromes ( mds ) are clonal disorders of stem cells , characterized by heterogeneous clinical presentation . hematopoiesis in myelodysplastic syndrome is ineffective , characterized by abnormal differentiation , maturation , and survival of hematopoietic cells [ 14 ] . characteristic features of my...	backgroundmyelodysplastic syndromes are clonal disorders of stem cells , characterized by heterogeneous clinical presentation . hematopoiesis is ineffective , characterized by abnormal differentiation , maturation and survival of hematopoietic cells.material/methodsthe examinations were conducted in the hematology wa...
prior studies have observed both increases and decreases in plasma and fecal short - chain fatty acid ( scfa ) concentrations associated with overfeeding , obesity and the metabolic syndrome . however , whether and how alterations in scfa play a causal role in the development of obesity is unknown . because plasma scfa...	obesity , insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome are associated with changes to the gut microbiota ; however , the mechanism by which modifications to the gut microbiota might lead to these conditions is unknown . here we show that increased production of acetate by an altered gut microbiota leads to activatio...
the arterial switch operation ( aso ) has become the procedure of choice for correction of transposition of great arteries ( tga ) . compared with the mustard and senning repairs , correction at the arterial level restores the left ventricle as the systemic ventricle and offers improved outcome . coronary artery tr...	the arterial switch operation is the procedure of choice for correction of transposition of the great arteries . although offering excellent long term results , this procedure is burdened by the risk of acute and subacute coronary occlusion . no guide - lines exist for the management of acute or chronic ischemia in...
liquid - based cytology ( lbc ) is a system of smear preparatory technique started in 1996 . lbc is at present the standard protocol for smear preparation in cervical cytology ; however , by and large it is not a preferred method in nongynecological fine - needle aspirates . reports in the literature are available ...	background : conventional cytology ( cc ) is a well - established and effective methodology for the evaluation of pediatric tumors . liquid - based cytology ( lbc ) is a better technique of smear preparation and is at present the standard protocol in cervical cytology samples.aims:in the present study , we analyzed b...
the modern transformation of radiology into an essential guiding hand of medical practice began with the invention of computed tomography imaging in the early 1970s and continues today with novel applications based on molecular methods and nanotechnology . the topical agenda of the 7th biannual symposium of the inter...	the international society for strategic studies in radiology ( is3r ) brings together thought leaders from academia and industry from around the world to share ideas , points of view and new knowledge . this article summarizes the main concepts presented at the 2007 is3r symposium , providing a window onto trends sha...
an efficient health - care delivery system is a pre - requisite to achieve better health for all in the 21 century . appropriate treatment of commonly occurring diseases and injuries and provision of essential drugs are the two vital components of primary health - care concept as per the alma - ata declaration of 197...	background : studying drug use pattern among medical practitioners is of vital importance in the present scenario where irrational drug use and development of drug resistance is becoming rampant.objective:to assess , the pattern of prescribing practices among the general practitioners in a defined rural and urban area ...
chronic rhinosinusitis ( crs ) is a significant health problem and recent data have illustrated that crs affects about 515% of the population in europe and the usa . chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps ( crswnp ) is considered a subgroup of chronic rhinosinusitis ( crs ) , a chronic inflammatory condition of t...	chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps ( crswnp ) in caucasians is a chronic th2 inflammatory disease of the nasal and paranasal mucosa and the recruitment of leukocytes to the site of inflammation is poorly understood . we studied mrna and protein expression profiles of adhesion molecules in nasal polyp and associ...
brucellosis , a primarily contagious disease of domestic animals , is caused by small , fastidious gram - negative coccobacilli of the genus brucella . there are four important species pathogenic to humans : b. melitensis , found primarily in goats , sheep and camels ; b. abortus in cows ; b. suis in pigs ; and b. ca...	abstractobjectivehematological complications of brucellosis are common . pancytopenia , although mainly reported in adults , has also been described in children with brucellosis . this investigation was conducted to estimate the relative frequency of pancytopenia in children with brucellosis.methodsthe current stud...
carcinoid tumors of the gastrointestinal ( gi ) tract are rare , frequently indolent and have a high survival rate without metastasis . an extremely rare site of gi carcinoid tumor is the extrahepatic biliary tree , harboring 0.10.2% of all gi tumors . in the extrahepatic biliary tree , cystic duct carcinoids represe...	we present the case of a 48-year - old female with a cystic duct carcinoid that was found incidentally upon laparoscopic cholecystectomy . the patient subsequently underwent excision of the cystic duct remnant . this is the tenth reported case of a cystic duct carcinoid and the second reported laparoscopic excision...
in rna , just as in proteins , the 3d structure determines the functionality of the molecule . in recent years , the protein data bank ( pdb ; http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/ ) ( 1 ) has seen a significant increase in the availability of rna crystallographic structures . there were only 2 structures containing only rna ch...	similarities in the 3d patterns of rna base interactions or arrangements can provide insights into their functions and roles in stabilization of the rna 3d structure . nucleic acids search for substructures and motifs ( nassam ) is a graph theoretical program that can search for 3d patterns of base arrangements by re...
	many compounds in the environment capable of acting as endocrine disruptors have been assayed for their developmental effects on morphogenesis ; however , few studies have addressed how such xenobiotics affect physiology . in the current study we examine the effects of three endocrine - disrupting compounds , chlorda...
this article describes 2 patients with neuromuscular disorders on immunotherapy with long - term mmf who developed te . a 77-year - old man with well - controlled myasthenia gravis ( positive acetylcholine receptor binding and modulating antibodies ) on pyridostigmine , prednisone 20 mg qod , and mmf 1,500 mg / day ...	objective : to show that immunotherapy with medications such mycophenolate mofetil ( mmf ) can cause serious complications in patients with neuromuscular disorders.methods:two patients with neuromuscular disorders on immunotherapy with long - term mmf who developed toxoplasmic encephalitis ( te ) were included in this ...
tuberculosis ( tb ) is the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide . susceptibility to tb can be increased by several comorbidities , one of which is type 2 diabetes mellitus ( dm ) . dm patients present with an overall threefold increased risk of developing active tb . globally , 15% o...	type 2 diabetes mellitus confers a threefold increased risk for tuberculosis , but the underlying immunological mechanisms are still largely unknown . possible mediators of this increased susceptibility are short - chain fatty acids , levels of which have been shown to be altered in individuals with diabetes . we e...
in the previous issue of critical care , vermeulen windsant and colleagues demonstrate that transfusion of packed red cells is associated with a transient increase in plasma free haemoglobin and scavenging of nitric oxide ( no ) in vitro . they also demonstrate that older units of blood have more free haemoglobin in ...	in the previous issue of critical care , vermeulen windsant and colleagues demonstrate that transfusion of packed red cells is associated with a transient increase in plasma free haemoglobin and scavenging of nitric oxide in vitro . they also demonstrate that older units of blood have more free haemoglobin in their s...
almost 60 000 autologous and allogeneic stem cell and hematopoietic progenitor cell transplant ( hsc / hpct ) procedures are performed annually to rebuild normal bone marrow ( bm ) in patients who had received a regimen of chemotherapy , radiation , or a combination of both to treat disease hematologic , metabolic , or...	backgroundhematopoietic stem cells transplantation has high clinical potential against a wide variety of hematologic , metabolic , and autoimmune diseases and solid tumors . clinically , hematopoietic stem cells derived from peripheral blood are currently used more than those obtained from sources such as bone marrow...
there are several factors that affect the strength of endodontically treated tooth including loss of tooth structure because of caries or trauma , dehydration of dentin , access cavity preparation , instrumentation and irrigation of the root canal , excess pressure during root obturation , and preparation of intraradic...	aim : comparative assessment of fracture resistance of roots obturated with three hydrophilic systems novel cpoint system , resilon / epiphany system , and endosequence bc sealer ; and one hydrophobic gold standard gutta - percha / ahplus system.materials and methods : ninety freshly extracted , human , single - roote...
this is well illustrated by the fact that nonhuman and human primates have brain areas such as the superior temporal sulcus and the fusiform area that respond preferentially to social stimuli such as faces and body gestures . indeed , when assessing the emotional state of a fellow human , we rely heavily on visual cues...	it is generally acknowledged that congenitally blind individuals develop superior sensory abilities in order to compensate for their lack of vision . substantial research has been done on somatosensory and auditory sensory information processing of the blind . however , relatively little information is available abou...
hypercalciuria is an increasingly recognized cause of inherited metabolic tubular disorders in children and is also one of the commonest causes of hematuria.1 hypercalciuria in children can lead to tubulointerstitial damage resulting in chronic kidney disease . we studied the clinical profile and benefit of therapy f...	clinical , biochemical , and ultrasonographic findings in 91 consecutive children presenting with hypercalciuria were analyzed along with the results of treatment to determine the clinical profile of hypercalciuria and its outcome . hypercalciuria was common in children aged 15 years ( 39.6% ) , and hematuria was the...
ventilator - associated pneumonia ( vap ) is defined as nosocomial pneumonia developing 48 h or more after initiation of mechanical ventilation . it accounts for 20% of all nosocomial infections among patients in pediatric intensive care units ( picu ) and has a rate of 2.921.6/1,000 ventilator days [ 13 ] . indep...	purposewe conducted a retrospective cohort study in an academic tertiary care center to characterize ventilator - associated pneumonia ( vap ) in pediatric patients after cardiac surgery in the netherlands.methodsall patients following cardiac surgery and mechanically ventilated for 24 h were included . the primary...
contrast - induced nephropathy ( cin ) has been commonly defined as a sudden , rapid deterioration in renal status after the administration of iodinated contrast medium ( cm ) in the absence of any other causes.1)2 ) it had been reported that cin is associated not only with an increased in - hospital morbidity and mort...	background and objectivesto avoid the risk of developing contrast - induced nephropathy ( cin ) , it has been suggested that patients be subjected to a minimal necessary dose of contrast medium ( cm - dose ) . however , often it is not easy to determine such a dose . this study assessed the usefulness of the ratio ...
lack of hand hygiene such as omitting hand washing after defeacation , changing baby nappies , and before handling food , could increase human contact with faecal matter . the international scientific forum on home hygiene has reported that hands could probably be the single most important route of transmission of la...	summaryobjective.the effectiveness of hand hygiene education was investigated by studying the hand hygiene awareness and bacterial hand contamination among a random sample of 170 women in the community.methods.questionnaire was used to assess the hand hygiene awareness score , followed by swabbing of the dominant hand ...
a 67-year - old man underwent hartmann 's procedure for rectal cancer in april 2005 . at that time , the pathologic staging of the rectal cancer was proper muscle invasion without lymph node metastasis ( t2 n0 m0 ) . following surgery , periodic surveillance was performed with the use of contrast - enhanced ct and pe...	we report here two cases of foreign body granulomas that arose from the pelvic wall and liver , respectively , and simulated recurrent colorectal carcinomas in patients with a history of surgery . on contrast - enhanced ct and mr images , a pelvic wall mass appeared as a well - enhancing mass that had invaded the dis...
immunohistochemical staining for thsd7a was performed on all kidney biopsies , in which pla2r was ordered in routine clinical care between december 2014 and april 2015 . this included all native kidney biopsies that showed membranous glomerulopathy seen in our practice during this time period with the exception of me...	thrombospondin type i domain - containing 7a ( thsd7a ) is a known antigenic target of autoantibodies leading to primary membranous glomerulopathy and was reported to account for ~10% of phospholipase a2 receptor ( pla2r)-negative membranous glomerulopathy . it has been proposed that pla2r and thsd7a autoantibodies a...
various surgical techniques have been used but phacoemulsification with the implantation of an intraocular lens ( iol ) is currently the treatment of choice . iol implantation improves the optics of the aphakic eye and reduces the formation of posterior capsular opacity ( pco ) after surgery . however , iol decentera...	this study evaluated the surgical outcome and complications of phacoemulsification and the implantation of an acryl foldable intraocular lens ( iol ) with a squared edge in dogs with cataracts . thirty - two eyes from 26 dogs were examined . the mean follow up period was 75.9 days ranging from 23 to 226 days . th...
hepatitis viruses are one of most important concerns in the patients on hemodialysis ( hd ) who are at high risk for blood - borne infections due to prolonged vascular access and the potential for exposure to infected patients and contaminated equipment ( 1 , 2 ) . screening and isolation for finding of patients with...	background : hepatitis viruses are one of the most important concerns in the patients on hemodialysis who are at high risk for blood - borne infections . gb virus c ( gbv - c)/hepatitis g virus ( hgv ) is positive - stranded rna virus with global distribution , which codes structural and nonstructural proteins ( such...
trichomonas vaginalis , a flagellated protozoan parasite , is the causative agent of trichomoniasis , which is the commonest treatable sexually transmitted infection in industrialized countries . in women , trichomoniasis has a range of presentations , from asymptomatic infection to an acute inflammatory disease with...	objective : this study was designed to compare diagnosis of trichomoniasis by culture , wet smear examination , and giemsa stain . a modified technique was used to transport and prepare the specimen to ensure parasite viability prior to giemsa staining.materials and methods : a clinic - based prospective study was carr...
the rising prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases , including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease , presents a major international public health challenge for the 21st century . public health prevention efforts to combat these diseases have largely focused on identifying and reducing individual - level risk fa...	a substantial body of research has arisen concerning the relationships between objective residential area features , particularly area - level socioeconomic status and cardiometabolic outcomes . little research has explored residents ' perceptions of such features and how these might relate to cardiometabolic outcomes ...
the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among african american women is double that of white women and nearly 40% greater than that of african american men ( 1 ) . obesity is the strongest modifiable risk factor for diabetes ( 2 ) and has its highest prevalence among african american women ( 3 ) , who are also less likely ...	objectiveto assess the relationship of depressive symptoms and use of antidepressants with incident type 2 diabetes in prospective data from a large cohort of u.s . african american women.research design and methodsthe black women s health study ( bwhs ) is an ongoing prospective cohort study . we followed 35,898 w...
repetitive dna accounts for more than 50% of human genome and is one of the primary driving forces of evolution of all eukaryotes . while mostly harmless , stretches of highly similar sequences flanking genes with essential functions create hotspots prone to undergo unequal recombination during meiosis . the resu...	detection of human microdeletion and microduplication syndromes poses significant burden on public healthcare systems in developing countries . with genome - wide diagnostic assays frequently inaccessible , targeted low - cost pcr - based approaches are preferred . however , their reproducibility depends on equally e...
the etiology of retinal and choroidal lesions can often be clinically determined with the aid of ancillary tests such as ultrasound and fluorescein angiography . however , there are instances where either an infective or malignant lesion is in question , and a retinal biopsy is warranted to provide a definitive diagnos...	we present a case of an unusual retinal infiltrate requiring retinal biopsy for definitive diagnosis . a 62-year - old man with treated lymphoma presented with decreased vision in the right eye associated with a white retinal lesion , which extended inferonasally from an edematous disc . intraocular lymphoma was cons...
the importance of lactate to monitor the metabolic stress response has been recognized long time ago in patients with circulatory failure . in general , blood lactate has been considered as a marker of tissue hypoxia , while recent investigations also suggest that elevated levels of catecholamines play an...	minimally invasive techniques to access subcutaneous adipose tissue for glucose monitoring are successfully applied in type1 diabetic and critically ill patients . during critical illness , the addition of a lactate sensor might enhance prognosis and early intervention . our objective was to evaluate sat as a site ...
the hemolytic - uremic syndrome ( hus ) is defined by the association of hemolytic anemia ( low haptoglobin levels , high lactate deshydrogenase levels , and schistocytes ) , thrombocytopenia , and acute renal failure . it is a common cause of acute renal failure in patients younger than three years who require acute...	hemolytic uremic syndrome is defined by the characteristic triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia , thrombocytopenia , and acute renal failure . in children , most cases of hus are caused by shiga - toxin - producing bacteria , especially escherichia coli o157:h7 . common vehicles of transmission include ground...
atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease , having as ultimate outcome the atheromatous plaque , a focal lesion located within the intima of large and medium sized arteries [ 1 , 2 ] . subendothelial retention of low density lipoprotein ( ldl ) and its oxidative modification represent the initial eve...	oxidized low - density lipoprotein ( oxldl ) contributes to the atherosclerotic plaque formation and progression by several mechanisms , including the induction of endothelial cell activation and dysfunction , macrophage foam cell formation , and smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation . vascular wall cells ex...
in general , scientists submit an article covering their latest results and findings to a specific journal of interest ( figure 1 , first stage , bottom part ) . in most cases , a preliminary editorial decision is made whether the manuscript is of interest and of sufficient quality , after which the manuscript is eit...	the current publishing system with its merits and pitfalls is a mending topic for debate among scientists of various disciplines . editors and reviewers alike , both face difficult decisions about the judgment of new scientific findings . increasing interdisciplinary themes and rapidly changing dynamics in method d...

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.