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this commentary describes the debate and some of the associated issues involving the subluxation construct .
the long - standing debate regarding the chiropractic subluxation has created substantial controversy within the profession . currently , this phenomenon can be compared with a country with a 2-party system th... | objectivethis commentary describes the debate and some of the associated issues involving the subluxation construct.discussionthe long - standing debate regarding the chiropractic subluxation has created substantial controversy within the profession .
currently , this phenomenon can be compared with a country with a ... |
structural changes in primary open - angle glaucoma ( poag ) occur in the optic nerve head as well as peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer ( rnfl).14 while it has been assumed that structural loss of the rnfl anticipates functional visual field loss , the relationship between structure and function in glaucoma is no... | purposeto investigate the relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer ( rnfl ) thickness and retinal pigment epithelium alterations in patients with advanced glaucomatous visual field defects.methodsa consecutive , prospective series of 82 study eyes with primary open - angle glaucoma and advanced glaucomatous visua... |
the 2004 national household survey prevalence estimates extrapolate to approximately 130.1 million alcohol users ; 18.6 million cannabis users and about 4.3 million opiate users as per 2011 census ( as no national survey was undertaken after this survey ) . as per same calculation
, the number of dependent users is a... | background : drug and alcohol use is a growing public health concern for india .
treatment services delivery for substance use disorders is available through three sectors viz .
government ( go ) centres under ministry of health and fw , non - government ( ngo ) under ministry of social justice and empowerment and ... |
the kocher - debre - semelaigne ( kds ) syndrome consists of congenital hypothyroidism with generalized muscular hypertrophy , particularly involving the muscles of the extremities , giving the child a
the cardiovascular manifestations are usually secondary to the long standing hypothyroidism and have been limited to... | kocher - debre - semelaigne ( kds ) syndrome is a rare form of hypothyroid myopathy , with associated hypertrophy of muscles .
although cardiac manifestations of hypothyroidism are well known , reports of cardiac involvement in kds have only described the occurrence of pericardial effusion as an association .
this ... |
this study provides real - world data on adverse events and dosing practice associated with capecitabine monotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.hand-foot syndrome and gastrointestinal ( gi ) events were seen in almost half of the patients treated with capecitabine monotherapy.dose reductions and disc... | backgroundcapecitabine monotherapy is a treatment option for selected patients with metastatic colorectal cancer ( mcrc ) and is administered to up to 17% of patients .
data are limited with regard to adverse events and dosing practices associated with capecitabine monotherapy in real - world situations.objectivesthe... |
despite advances in diagnosis and treatment , cancer remains the second highest cause of death in developing countries ( jemal et al . , 2011 ) .
the vast burden of cancer associated morbidity and mortality is principally attributable to the development of metastases from the primary tumor site through a complicated ... | despite recent advances , cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide . in developed countries ,
the incidence of colorectal and breast cancer has been stable , but no improvement in prognosis has been observed if the patient presents with metastases at diagnosis .
this fact highlights the importance of thera... |
the demand for fast information transmission is increasingly required . whether at work or in social interactions , the telephone is a great facilitator in everyday communication .
some individuals with severe to profound hearing loss are unable to directly use the telephone even to call for help in an emergency situ... | introduction difficulties with telephone use by adult users of cochlear implants ( cis ) are reported as a limitation in daily life .
studies to improve the speech understanding of ci users on the telephone are scarce in the brazilian scientific literature .
objective to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of ... |
a cross - sectional study showed that muscle size and strength correlate positively with both bone size and strength ( 1 ) , and a number of external factors have similar effects on muscle and bone ; e.g. high - intensity weight bearing training increases both muscle and bone mass ( 2 ) , chronic bedrest reduces both m... | backgroundmuscles and bones are interconnected .
recent studies suggest that undercarboxylated osteocalcin from bone may affect muscle mass and strength .
there are , however , no prospective human data on this relationship.methodswe previously treated patients with hypoparathyroidism with intact parathyroid hormon... |
the observational study was carried out among indoor patients admitted to the pediatric medicine ward of a tertiary care teaching hospital .
this is a government hospital catering to the city and at least 10 adjoining districts .
institutional ethics committee approval was obtained beforehand . written informed con... | objectives : antimicrobials are frequently used in tertiary care hospitals . we conducted an observational study on children admitted to a teaching hospital in eastern india , to generate a profile of antimicrobial use and suspected adverse drug reactions ( adrs ) attributable to them.materials and methods : hospitaliz... |
acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( aids ) is a disease spectrum of the human immune system caused by infection with human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv).1 hiv / aids is a global pandemic.1,2 as of 2012 , approximately 35.3 million people have hiv worldwide with the number of new infections that year being about 2.3 m... | background : the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical lesions of human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients in the oral cavity , head and neck region and to determine their associations with level of immune suppression as measured by the cd4 + count.materials and methods ... |
a 51-year - old female with a past medical history of hypertension and dyslipidemia was referred from her primary care physician to the gastroenterology clinic with complaints of intermittent non - specific abdominal pain for 9 months and mild intermittent watery diarrhea .
the patient was an immigrant from senegal ,... | schistosomiasis is an important parasitic disease with various clinical presentations caused by trematode blood flukes .
it can present with asymptomatic , chronic colonic ulcerations , strictures , or inflammatory mass causing bowel obstruction .
intestinal polyps are uncommon and induced by antigens released from... |
scaffold diversity is one of many parameters that may be used to characterize compound screening libraries.(1 ) the balance between the diversity of scaffolds within a library and the density of coverage for each scaffold varies according to the library design principles applied .
dense representation over small numb... | the scaffold diversity of 7 representative commercial and proprietary compound libraries is explored for the first time using both murcko frameworks and scaffold trees .
we show that level 1 of the scaffold tree is useful for the characterization of scaffold diversity in compound libraries and offers advantages over ... |
renal biopsy is one of the pivotal diagnostic tools used in the field of nephrology .
there are numerous diseases that can cause nephrotic syndrome , nephritic syndrome , and acute kidney injury , which have vastly different prognostic and therapeutic implications , illustrating the importance of histopathological ex... | renal biopsy is one of the pivotal diagnostic tools used in the field of nephrology
. a morphological analysis of the kidney may also be of value for the overall management of patients with diabetic nephropathy .
however , the indications for renal biopsy differ considerably among nephrologists , and no global cons... |
in an earlier study , we analyzed the aromatic dna adducts separated from lymphocytes and granulocytes of smokers and nonsmokers using the nuclease p1-enhanced 32p - postlabeling assay .
here we compare the butanol extraction and nuclease p1-enhanced procedure on the same kind of samples .
the dna adducts of 42 per... | |
severe acute respiratory syndrome ( sars ) is an emergent infectious disease that was epidemic in 2002 and 2003 . between november 2002 and july 2003 , an outbreak of sars in southern china infected about 8000 people and led to 774 recorded deaths , mostly in hong kong . within weeks
the coronavirus responsible for m... | backgroundsars is not only an acute disease , but also leads to long - term impaired lung diffusing capacity in some survivors .
however , there is a paucity of data regarding long - term ct findings in survivors after sars .
the aim of this study was to assess the changes in lung function and lung thin - section c... |
rheumatic fever ( rf ) is a known sequela of a group a , -hemolytic streptococcal infection .
the incidence of rf has decreased over the past 30 years in korea along with economic growth and environmental i m of rf has decreased over the past 30 years in korea provement.1)2 ) the major manifestations of rf include ca... | rheumatic fever is an acute inflammatory sequela following a group a , -hemolytic streptococcal infection .
rheumatic fever is characterized by polyarthritis , carditis , chorea , subcutaneous nodules , and erythema marginatum as the major diagnostic criteria .
rarely , advanced heart block may also occur .
a 13-... |
the ratio of second and fourth digit lengths ( 2d:4d ) , has been highlighted as a potentially useful phenotypic marker of steroid exposure in utero of vertebrates .
it is generally postulated that the lower the individual 2d:4d , the higher testosterone but the lower estrogen levels experienced during fetal life . i... | background : ratio of second and fourth digit ( 2d:4d ) is known to be germane in analyzing utero concentrations of testosterone and estrogen in human and other vertebrates .
2d:4d had been linked to several traits like athletes abilities , reproductive success , risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) .
... |
a 16-year old male patient reported to the department of oral medicine and radiology with a complaint of progressive flattening of left side of face since the age of 2 years which was continuous to date .
patient gave a history of pigmentation of his left face since birth which had been gradually fading over the year... | progressive hemifacial atrophy , also known as parry - romberg syndrome , is an uncommon degenerative condition which is poorly defined .
it is characterized by a slow and progressive atrophy affecting one side of the face .
the onset usually occurs during the first two decades of life .
characteristically , the ... |
tinnitus is the perceived sensation of sound in the absence of a corresponding external acoustic stimulus .
it is a very bothersome symptom for many patients as it can affect the physical and mental health in different degree .
hypertension has been suggested as one potential risk factor of tinnitus in some studies... | hypertension has been suggested to be one possible risk factor of tinnitus , but the association between hypertension and tinnitus remains uncertain .
the authors performed a meta - analysis of the existing studies on the association between hypertension and tinnitus .
we performed literature search of studies usin... |
subarachnoid hemorrhage ( sah ) is the most frequent intracranial lesion in patients with head trauma.6 ) traumatic sah is found in 15 - 40% of severe head injuries.5 ) rupture of a cerebral aneurysm is an important differential diagnosis of traumatic sah , especially in cases of a vague traumatic event without a witne... | an intracranial saccular aneurysm is uncommonly diagnosed in a patient with closed head trauma .
we herein present a patient with delayed rebleeding of a cerebral aneurysm misdiagnosed as traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage ( sah ) .
a 26-year - old female visited our emergency department because of headache after a ... |
accelerated molecular dynamics ( amd ) is
an enhanced sampling technique
that works by flattening the molecular potential energy surface , often
by adding a non - negative boost potential when the system potential
is lower than a reference energy .
the boost potential , v decreases the energy barriers and thu... | accelerated
molecular dynamics ( amd ) simulations greatly improve
the efficiency of conventional molecular dynamics ( cmd ) for sampling
biomolecular conformations , but they require proper reweighting for
free energy calculation . in this work ,
we systematically compare the
accuracy of different reweight... |
neuropathic pain is common ; prevalence rates do , however , show considerable variations with different methods of estimation used , and range from 3.3% to 17.9% of the population in industrial countries.1 it is defined as pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system,2... | objectiveto assess the efficacy and safety of the topical 5% lidocaine medicated plaster in the treatment of localized neuropathic pain.study designthis was a case series at an austrian pain clinic , using retrospective analysis.patients and methodsdata of 27 patients treated for localized neuropathic pain with the 5% ... |
to add the bovine seroepidemiological picture in kentucky to that previously published for minnesota
and the united kingdom ,
,
,
,
we performed a retrospective serological survey of random stored bovine serum samples submitted in 1999 and 2000 for routine diagnostics at the university of kentucky livestock... | please cite this paper as : lin et al .
( 2010 ) infectivity of equine h3n8 influenza virus in bovine cells and calves . influenza and other respiratory viruses 4(6 ) , 357361 .
background serological evidence for influenza a , subtype h1 and h3 virus infections of bovines , associated with respiratory disease a... |
cytokines are proteins secreted by different types of cells , which in turn act on the cells which secrete them ( autocrine action ) or on surrounding cells ( paracrine action ) or which act systemically away from the local source of secretion ( endocrine action ) .
cytokines are critical for many physiologic process... | biologic therapy has increasingly been used in the treatment of chronic diseases .
tumor necrosis factor ( tnf ) is a cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease .
anti - tnf therapy is being used in the treatment of these conditions . since the introduction of ant... |
in many regions , intestinal parasites represent a very important medical - sanitary problem , due to their large - scale dissemination and high prevalence .
this situation is typical of developing countries , where interrelations between etiological agent and host are favored , considering the precarious basic sanit... | latin america , africa , and asia present wide dissemination and high prevalence rates of waterborne parasitic diseases , which is a strong indicative of the fragility of public sanitation systems . in this context ,
parasitological analyses represent extremely relevant instruments .
several parasite diagnosis meth... |
foreign bodies are frequently ingested by young children , mostly by ambulatory toddlers who explore their surroundings orally .
almost 40 percent1 of the ingestion of the foreign bodies are unwitnessed and 50 percent2 are asymptomatic .
depending on the size , shape , content and nature , most ingested small objec... | the diagnosis of unsuspected foreign body ingestion is a common problem in children .
we describe a toddler who presented with persistent vomiting and dehydration .
a plain radiograph of the abdomen did not reveal a foreign body . however , abdominal ultrasonography promptly identified a funnel - shaped foreign bod... |
composed of a mixture of dermal cells derived from the three germ cell layers ( ectoderm , mesoderm or endoderm ) , primary mature teratomas are rare neoplasms characterized by inclusion of any well - differentiated parenchymal tissues . these tumors are most commonly found in testes and ovaries but extragonadal sites ... | highlightsa 33 year - old woman presented with a mass in her upper abdomen.non-mobile fullness palpated in her epigastric region and left upper quadrant of the abdomen without any tenderness or abdominal guarding.pathology assessment reported a neoplasm composed of various tissues including skin , respiratory mucosa , ... |
evaluation focused on a sample of 10 representative counties and consisted of personal and media surveys .
the personal survey assessed knowledge , behavior , and attitudes about wnv ( 8) . knowledge was measured by asking respondents how wnv is transmitted , who is most vulnerable , and what self - protection measur... | we evaluated the 2003 kansas west nile virus public education campaign .
awareness was widespread but compliance was low .
spanish - speaking persons were poorly informed .
relevant factors included population segment variability , campaign content , media choice , and materials delivery methods . |
non - invasive continuous cardiac output ( cco ) monitors have become popular in operating rooms and intensive care units ( icus ) .
however , the inaccuracy of arterial waveform analysis for measuring cco associated with changes in systemic vascular resistance ( svr ) has been well documented [ 1 , 2 ] .
sugo et a... | the inaccuracy of arterial waveform analysis for measuring continuos cardiac output ( cco ) associated with changes in systemic vascular resistance ( svr ) has been well documented . a new non - invasive continuous cardiac output monitoring system ( escco ) mainly utilizing pulse wave transit time ( pwtt ) in place of ... |
schwannomas are rare peripheral nerve tumors arising from schwann cells of the nerve sheath , and they are usually located in the head and neck .
computed tomography ( ct ) and other imaging modalities may help obtain information about tumor size , location and relationships with neighboring tissues , but they do no... | schwannomas are rarely located in the pelvis .
a 54-year - old woman was found incidentally to have a tumor in the abdomen .
abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well - defined , heterogeneous tumor , 5 cm in diameter , in the pelvic cavity . with a diagnosis of a mesenteric tumor... |
the strongly established idea that the adult brain has no ability for generating new neurons is now controverted , and recent studies have discovered that the adult mammalian brain can generate new neurons [ 1 , 2 ] .
even though many studies had a doubt in this idea for a long time , it is now established as the new... | neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity can be stimulated in vivo in the brain . in this study
, we hypothesized that in vivo expression of reprogramming factors such as klf4 , sox2 , oct4 , and c - myc would facilitate endogenous neurogenesis and functional recovery .
cd-1 mice were induced at 1 week of age by unilat... |
primary central nervous system ( cns ) lymphoma ( pcnsl ) is a relatively rare tumor , accounting for 1%7% of primary brain tumors and 1%2% of all cases of non - hodgkin lymphoma .
primary lymphoma existing in the spinal cord is also rare , representing < 1% of pcnsls in adults .
we identified an extremely rare cas... | abstractthe central nervous system , in particular the spinal cord , is a rare site for primary lymphoma occurrence , with very few published cases .
we report an extremely rare primary lymphoma in the cauda equina in a single case with literature review .
an immunocompetent 59-year - old male , who complained of p... |
zum einen nahm die aachener eisenhttenkunde von der grndung des aachener polytechnikums 1870 bis um die jahrhundertwende trotz der nhe zum rheinisch - westflischen industriegebiet keine herausragende position innerhalb der deutschen httenkunde ein , avancierte dann aber binnen eines einzigen jahrzehnts zum grten und an... | the ways in which the sciences have been delineated and categorized throughout history provide insights into the formation , stabilization , and establishment of scientific systems of knowledge .
the dresdener school s approach for explaining and categorizing the genesis of the engineering disciplines is still valid ... |
the fes cluster of xpd quenches fluorescence
of a wide range of fluorophores in a distance - dependent manner .
therefore , the change in the position of the
arch domain of xpd relative to the fes cluster - containing domain can
be monitored via fes - mediated fluorescence quenching if the arch domain
is labe... | we report a dual illumination , single - molecule
imaging strategy
to dissect directly and in real - time the correlation between nanometer - scale
domain motion of a dna repair protein and its interaction with individual
dna substrates .
the strategy was applied to xpd , an fes cluster - containing
dna rep... |
foreign body ( fb ) ingestions in the adult population are frequently incidental and the majority can successfully be removed endoscopically [ 1 , 2 ] .
patients with prolonged impaction ( over 12 h ) and those who ingested sharp - pointed objects have a greater risk of complications .
perforations of the duodenum ... | foreign body ( fb ) ingestion is a relatively common reason for visits to the emergency room .
if the fb is symptomatic or damaging to the patient , either endoscopic or surgical intervention should ensue .
we present a case of abdominal pain and hematuria beginning 24 h after an incidental fb ingestion .
initial... |
recent progress in structural genomics has revealed that many proteins have regions with very flexible and unstable structures , even in their native states . such proteins or regions
disordered protein regions often lead to difficulties in purification and crystallization , and become a bottleneck in high throughput... | prdos is a server that predicts the disordered regions of a protein from its amino acid sequence ( http://prdos.hgc.jp ) .
the server accepts a single protein amino acid sequence , in either plain text or fasta format .
the prediction system is composed of two predictors : a predictor based on local amino acid sequ... |
supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s13659 - 012 - 0003 - 6 and is accessible for authorized users .
| a novel chirality pairing recognition was found between d- and l - amino acid derivatives .
novel spiral alkaloids formed in the recognition reaction .
possible mechanism was proposed for the stereoselective and chemoselective reactions .
electronic supplementary materialsupplementary material is available for th... |
our view of embedded health assessment is the on - going assessment of health changes based on an individual s behavior and activity patterns and baseline health conditions .
sensors embedded in the environment are used to collect behavior and activity patterns for the purpose of detecting health changes .
early de... | we present an example of unobtrusive , continuous monitoring in the home for the purpose of assessing early health changes .
sensors embedded in the environment capture behavior and activity patterns .
changes in patterns are detected as potential signs of changing health .
we first present results of a prelimina... |
malaria is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite from the gender plasmodium and affects millions of individuals causing serious morbidity .
although p. falciparum is the main cause of deaths , p. vivax is probably responsible for the majority of malaria cases worldwide , with a range of annual infections at... | background .
recent studies have shown that the inflammatory process , including the biomarker production , and the intense activation of innate immune responses are greater in the malaria caused by plasmodium vivax than other species . here , we examined the levels of serum biomarkers and their interaction during ac... |
the family is a large and abundant group which occurs throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world , and well beyond the arctic circle .
the family comprises 3,536 species classified in two subfamilies and 112 genera ( harbach 2013 ) .
there are many studies on mosquito fauna in iran ( zaim 1987 , vatando... | background : this study aimed to identify and determine the larval and adult mosquitoes ( culicidae ) fauna in hamedan county , western iran.methods:it was a cross - sectional study which took place in four area of the hamedan county .
sampling methods for larvae , pupae and adults were dipping , hand catch , night c... |
zolendronic acid is a nitrogenous biphosphonate commonly used as an intravenous infusion for the management of paget s disease,1 osteoporosis prophylaxis,2 and treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy.3 uveitis is an uncommon ocular complication of zolendronate .
the horizon ( health outcomes and reduced incidence wi... | zolendronic acid is a nitrogenous biphosphonate commonly used as an intravenous infusion for the management of paget s disease , osteoporosis , and hypercalcemia of malignancy .
we report a rare and challenging complication of zolendronate infusion : unilateral acute anterior uveitis followed by persistently raised i... |
macrophage activation syndrome ( mas ) is characterized by fever , hepatosplenomegaly , severe cytopenia , serious liver disease , and coagulopathy1 ) .
mas is a severe , potentially fatal condition associated with excessive activation of immune cells , leading to hypercytokinemia and overwhelming systemic inflammato... | recurrent macrophage activation syndrome ( mas ) is very rare . we present the case of an adolescent boy with human leukocyte antigen ( hla )
b27-positive ankylosing spondylitis ( as ) , who experienced episodes of recurrent mas since he was a toddler .
a 16-year - old boy was admitted because of remittent fever wi... |
fish were raised and maintained under a 14 hours light / 10 hours dark cycle at 28c according to standard protocols . to microinject expression constructs and to establish transgenic lines , fish of the brass line brs
all animal experiments were approved by the government of lower saxonia and were conducted in acco... | the red nucleus is located in the rostral midbrain of the vertebrate brain and controls motor coordination during locomotion .
it receives input from the cerebellum and sends its output to the spinal cord .
the presence of the red nucleus is well established in tetrapods , and its existence has also been suggested ... |
over the past two years , the introduction of new drug molecules , including new phosphate binders , less - calcemic vitamin d analogues and calcimimetic , have been undergoing an incisive therapeutic change in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in haemodialysis patients . the novel vitamin d analogs , ... | the aims of your case report is to show the predictivity of 99mtc - sestamibi ( mibi ) scintigraphy and doppler ultrasound imaging on secondary hyperparathyroidism ( shpt ) in a patient responsive to calcimimetic treatment .
moreover , it has been reported that calcimimetic has great potential in reducing the volume ... |
oral route is one of the most preferred routes of drug administration due to its safety , ease of administration , and acceptability by patients .
about 60% of conventional dosage forms are available as the oral solid dosage forms . the low bioavailability , longer onset of action , and dysphasia patients turned the ... | clobazam orally dissolving strips were prepared by solvent casting method .
a full 32 factorial design was applied for optimization using different concentration of film forming polymer and disintegrating agent as independent variable and disintegration time , % cumulative drug release , and tensile strength as depen... |
male factor infertility is believed to be responsible for almost 50% of these cases ( 2 ) .
genetic factors can be blamed for only 10% of cases of infertility in men ( 3 ) .
male infertility is actually a multifactorial condition in which a variety of other factors including hormonal imbalance , erectile dysfunctio... | background : while multiple factors can contribute to male infertility , genetic factors , such as chromosomal disorders or y - chromosome microdeletion , are responsible for about 10% of male infertility . considering the role of y - chromosome micro - deletions in men with oligozoospermia who volunteer for in vitro f... |
the 1999 institute of medicine report to err is human riveted the medical establishment 's attention onto errors made during patient care . a significant portion of the errors occurred during the care of surgical patients , and the report made recommendations for mitigation .
also in 1999 , the american council on gr... | objective : in our effort to establish criterion - based skills training for surgeons , we assessed the performance of 17 experienced laparoscopic surgeons on basic technical surgical skills recorded electronically in 26 modules selected in 5 commercially available , computer - based simulators.methods:performance data... |
adolescent idiopathic scoliosis ( ais ) is a disease of unknown aetiology , characterized by a complex three - dimensional deformation of the spinal column as the most common paediatric orthopaedic pathology .
its incidence , according to different sources , varies from 2 to 6% of the total paediatric population , wh... | the purpose of this work is to identify a role of the pineal gland / suprachiasmatic nucleus system in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis ( ais ) aetiology and pathogenesis . to analyze electroencephalograms of 292 children with ais and in 46 healthy subjects , a processing method was used to assess three - dimensional co... |
unintentional injuries due to motor vehicle crashes ( mvcs ) are the leading cause of death and long - term disability between the ages of 414 years [ 1 , 2 ] .
when properly installed , child safety seats have been shown to reduce the risk of childhood injury by 71% to 82% and death by 28% relative to seat belts alo... | introduction .
motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among us children aged 414 years . in theory , health provider counseling about child passenger safety ( cps ) could be a useful deterrent . the data about the effectiveness of cps dissemination is sparse , but existing results suggest that providers... |
water source choice depends on water availability , cost of operation and development , quality of water , and adequacy .
it is important to evaluate all alternative water sources to ascertain the cost associated with each source .
economic , environmental , engineering , and energy factors must also be considered ... | a mathematical programming problem is formulated for a water network with new water sources included .
salinity and water hardness are considered in the model , which is later solved using the max - min ant system ( mmas ) to assess the impact of new water sources on the total cost of the existing network .
it is e... |
peptic ulcer perforation ( pup ) is a major crucial complication of peptic ulcer.1,2,4 pup accounts for about 10%15% of peptic ulcer patients and accounts for more than 70% of deaths.1 the mortality rate after pup is approximately 10%15% upon delayed diagnosis.2,3,5 severe upper abdominal pain is the most prominent sym... | objective : to perform and confirm a simplified diagnostic indicators scoring system for predicting peptic ulcer perforation ( pup).methods : a case control study was conducted including 812 consecutive patients with pup from retrospective medical records . each diagnostic indicator measurable at the time of admittanc... |
although staging can be performed with routine imaging studies , surgical intervention is often required to ensure accurate histologic diagnosis of these lymphomas .
peripheral t cell lymphomas not otherwise specified are among the most aggressive non - hodgkin lymphomas with often a poor response to conventional che... | summarybackgroundthe mediastinum is an uncommon location for presentation of peripheral t cell lymphoma
. esophageal involvement by non - hodgkin s lymphoma is extremely unusual .
although staging can be performed with routine imaging studies , surgical intervention is often required to ensure accurate histologic d... |
summarya total of 105 033 eggs were collected across japan from june 2010 to january 2011 and tested for salmonella enteritidis to provide data for the risk profiling of s. enteritidis in eggs by the food safety commission of japan .
s. enteritidis isolates were recovered from three samples ( 20 eggs / sample ) and t... | |
the first successful minimally invasive surgical nephrectomy was reported in an adult patient by clayman et al . since that report
, the feasibility of laparoscopic management of urological diseases has been described in children including laparoscopic nephrectomy . in 1992 , koyle et al reported an 8-month - old inf... | laparoscopic procedures continue to gain popularity over traditional open operations for a variety of abdominal and retroperitoneal surgical procedures . with regard to urological surgery
, the first laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed in an adult in 1991 . in the following years , the feasibility of laparoscopic ... |
sleep apnea is clinically recognized as a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by recurrent apneas ( complete cessation of breathing ) and/or hypopnea ( decrease in airflow with desaturation of 4% ) .
it is estimated that obstructive sleep apnea may affect at least 2%4% of the general population , with prev... | sleep apnea is clinically recognized as a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by recurrent apnea and/or hypopnea .
its prevalence ranges from 4% to 24% . it has been implicated as an independent risk factor for several conditions such as hypertension , stroke , arrhythmia , and myocardial infarction .
re... |
there is a worldwide impetus to develop and measure metrics of research excellence.1 for instance , research benchmarking activities have been established over the last 7 years in australia,2 the uk,3 south africa,4 europe,5 and the usa.6 research metrics have been expressed in different forms in different countries . ... | backgroundexcellence in research for australia ( era ) rankings are given to academic journals in which australian academics publish .
this provides a metric on which australian institutions and disciplines are ranked for international competitiveness .
this paper explores the issues surrounding the era rankings of... |
mast cell degranulation represents one of the earliest described examples of a ca - dependent biological process in non - excitable cells ( foreman et al . , 1973 ; kanno et al . , 1973 ) .
the capacity for ige - mediated activation of this process via crosslinking of ige receptor ( fcri ) complexes at the mast cell ... | mobilization of ca2 + in response to ige receptor - mediated signaling is a key process in many aspects of mast cell function . here
we summarize our current understanding of the molecular bases for this process and the roles that it plays in physiologically relevant mast cell biology .
activation of ige receptor s... |
as part of a molecular epidemiology study , 203 fecal samples from 203 adult dromedaries ( camelus dromedarius ) were submitted to the central veterinary research laboratory in dubai , united arab emirates , over a 7-month period ( january july 2013 ) .
rna extraction and reverse transcription were performed , as de... | in a molecular epidemiology study of hepatitis e virus ( hev ) in dromedaries in dubai , united arab emirates , hev was detected in fecal samples from 3 camels .
complete genome sequencing of 2 strains showed > 20% overall nucleotide difference to known hevs .
comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses revealed ... |
different species of barberry ( zereshk in persian ) grows and is well known in different parts of the world such as iran , china , middle asia , and many countries in europe , africa , and america .
various parts of this plant including its root , bark , leaf , and fruit have been used as folk medicine for long time... | in light of the popularity and also the various nutritional and medicinal properties of berberis integerrima , this study was conducted to assess the influence of its aqueous extract on hemodynamic and electrocardiogram ( ecg ) indices of rat .
animals were divided to control ( ctl ) , b50 , b100 , and b200 groups th... |
sideropenic anemia is a common pregnancy disorder , with the incidence among pregnant women from 20 to 40% ( 1 , 2 ) . according to who , pregnancy anemia exists if hemoglobin ( hb ) is lower than 110,00 g / l and hematocrit ( htc ) lower than 0,31 ( 3 ) .
rough estimate of hematological pregnant women s status imply... | introduction : sideropenic anemia is a common pregnancy disorder . depending on severity , maternal anemia can significantly influence morphometric characteristic of placental tissue , pregnancy course and outcome .
objectives : to estimate if maternal anemia a ) results with significant placental changes ; b ) influ... |
however , despite the known association of the causative agents ( y. enterocolitica , ye , and very rarely y. pseudotuberculosis , ypt ) with both gastroenteritis and extraintestinal infections , it remains a poorly understood disease .
sporadic cases are still reported in which food is not suspected as the source of... | yersiniosis is a food - borne illness that has become more prevalent in recent years due to human transmission via the fecal - oral route and prevalence in farm animals .
yersiniosis is primarily caused by yersinia enterocolitica and less frequently by yersinia pseudotuberculosis .
infection is usually characterize... |
pandemic influenza a ( h1n1 ) virus was first detected in new zealand in april 2009 among a group of high school children returning from mexico .
,
the pandemic escalated rapidly in june , and new zealand formally switched to the manage it phase of the pandemic influenza action plan on 22 june .
public health ... | please cite this paper as : barry et al .
( 2011 ) respiratory hygiene practices by the public during the 2009 influenza pandemic : an observational study .
influenza and other respiratory viruses 5(5 ) , 317320 .
aims to describe the public use of respiratory hygiene behaviours during the 2009 influenza pande... |
it has been reported that one of six men and one of five women ( 55 - 75 years old ) will suffer from stroke sometime during their lives .
three phases have been described in stroke : excitotoxicity , inflammatory activation / apoptosis and regeneration . in stroke , an activation of caspases , cytokines and both nit... | using an immunohistochemical technique , we have studied the distribution of 3-oh - anthranilic acid ( 3-haa ) in the rat brain .
our study was carried out in control animals and in rats in which a stroke model ( single transient middle cerebral artery occlusion ) was performed .
a monoclonal antibody directed agai... |
a 35-year - old female with a 10-year history of temporal lobe epilepsy had been treated with 1,200 mg of carbamazepine .
recently , her medication had been switched to ltg because of an increase in seizure frequency without any precipitating factors .
the dosage was increased slowly to 200 mg per day , and the fre... | lamotrigine ( ltg ) is associated with a tremor when given in combination with valproic acid ; however , a tremor associated with lamotrigine monotherapy is rare . here
, we report a case of positional and action tremor associated with lamotrigine use . based on the temporal relationship
, it is conceivable that la... |
approximately 50% or more patients with cancer develop bone metastasis , and this is more common in patients with breast , prostate , and lung cancers.1,2 bone metastasis often involves the vertebral column , pelvis , ribs , and proximal femur , whereas distal femur metastases are rare . the most frequent symptom is in... | percutaneous cementoplasty has been shown to immediately restore the mechanical stability of affected bones , prevent further risk of bone fractures , and allow immediate weight bearing .
it is emerging as one of the most promising procedures for patients with painful bone metastasis who are unsuitable for surgery or... |
infection with shiga toxin- ( stx- ) producing escherichia coli ( stec ) is the most significant cause of hemolytic uremic syndrome ( hus ) , the leading cause of acute renal failure in children [ 14 ] . of the two antigenically distinct toxins , stx1 and stx2 , stx2 is more firmly linked with the development of hus as... | infection with shiga toxin- ( stx- ) producing e. coli causes life threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome ( hus ) , a leading cause of acute renal failure in children . of the two antigenically distinct toxins , stx1 and stx2 ,
stx2 is more firmly linked with the development of hus . in the present study , selective e... |
platelet aggregation stimulated by collagen is diminished in smokers compared with nonsmokers , suggesting that habitual smoking reduces platelet aggregability .
smokers are more susceptible to aspirin in collagen- and adenosine 5-diphosphate- ( adp- ) induced platelet aggregation than nonsmokers .
cigarette smokin... | cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption possibly affect platelet functions . to verify the hypothesis that some - , - , and -carboline components in cigarette smoke and alcoholic beverages may change platelet aggregability , their effects on human platelets were determined by aggregometry together with investigating ... |
the pelvis and hip are common locations of heterotopic ossifications ( ho ) , often occurring in paraplegic patients . with respect to ho , mr imaging allows for a confident diagnosis in mature ossified lesions only .
plain radiographs and ct may show various phases of ossification : amorphous calcification , immatu... | objectivethis article compares various imaging aspects of magnetic resonance ( mr ) and computed tomography ( ct ) of heterotopic ossification ( ho ) in the pelvic soft tissues in paraplegic patients .
our aim is to highlight the benefits of integrating mr and ct imaging in the diagnosis of immature ho , which may be... |
according to the world health organization definition , cardiac rehabilitation ( cr ) is a process whereby a person is restored to an optimal physical , psychological , social , emotional , and economic status .
therefore , cr programs consist of risk factor modifications , dietary interventions , psychological suppo... | background : despite the positive impact of cardiac rehabilitation ( cr ) on quality of life and mortality , the majority of people who could benefit from this program fail to participate in it .
the lack of referral from the physician is a common reason that patients give for not seeking cr .
the objective of this... |
poviena koncentracija homocisteina ( hcy ) moe predstavljati metaboliki marker nedostatka folata i vitamina b12 , znaajnih problema javnog zdravlja .
bolesnici sa hroninom opstruktivnom boleu plua ( hobp ) skloni su nedostatku ovih vitamina usled razliitih razloga .
studija je sprovedena u grupi od 50 osoba oboleli... | summarybackgroundan increased homocysteine ( hcy ) concentration may represent a metabolic marker of folate and vitamin b12 deficiency , both significant public health problems . for different reasons ,
patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) are prone to these deficiencies .
the study evaluate... |
age - related sarcopenia is characterized by a loss of skeletal muscle mass and a gradual decline in the functional properties of the tissue.1 , 2 , 3 , 4 because of the clinical importance of these functional changes , and the demographic changes projected for the next 20 years , considerable attention has been focuse... | depending upon external loading conditions , skeletal muscles can either shorten , lengthen , or remain at a fixed length as they produce force .
fixed - end or isometric contractions stabilize joints and allow muscles to act as active struts during locomotion .
active muscles dissipate energy when they are lengthe... |
elevation of liver enzymes in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with tocilizumab ( actemra ) or anakinra ( kineret ) is a well - documented phenomenon .
similarly , the factors involved in decisions regarding discontinuation of treatment and outcome have not been discussed in the literature to any significant ext... | backgroundelevation of liver enzymes in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with tocilizumab ( actemra ) or anakinra ( kineret ) is a well - documented phenomenon .
however , characterization of liver histology has not been defined in most cases .
similarly , the factors involved in decisions regarding discontinu... |
alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , the most common form of dementia in adults over age 65 , is the fourth leading cause of death in the united states and currently affects 4.5 million americans ( 1 ) .
estimates indicate that 3% of americans between ages 65 and 74 , 19% between ages 75 and 84 , and 47% over age 85 are vic... | increasing evidence supports a role for oxidative dna damage in aging and several neurodegenerative diseases including alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) .
attack of dna by reactive oxygen species ( ros ) , particularly hydroxyl radicals , can lead to strand breaks , dna dna and dna protein cross - linking , and formation... |
seven different mwcnts ( cta , ctb , ctc , ctd , cte , ctf , and ctg ) were used for chromosomal aberration assays .
( tokyo , japan ) ; ctc , ctd , and ctg were obtained from tokyo chemical industry co. ltd .
( tokyo , japan ) ; and ctf was made by shattering cte in an agate mortar .
eagle 's mem was purchased f... | objectives : iarc has classified one type of multi - walled carbon nanotubes ( mwcnts ) , mwnt-7 , as possibly carcinogenic to humans ( group 2b ) ; however , other types of mwcnt were categorized as not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans ( group 3 ) . in vitro chromosomal aberration assays of mwnt-7 sh... |
electroconvulsive therapy ( ect ) was first introduced as a treatment for schizophrenia in 1938 , by ugo cerletti and lucio bini .
however , in certain situations , for example , treatment - resistant schizophrenia , ect augmentation is still the treatment of choice .
studies have shown that a combination of ect an... | electroconvulsive therapy ( ect ) is prescribed for schizophrenia patients for various indications , in our country .
however , official guidelines in other countries have been cautious in prescribing ect for schizophrenia . to study the indications for which patients with schizophrenia receive ect .
we studied rec... |
healthcare - associated infections pose a continuing threat for mortality and morbidity among hospitalized patients .
hospital - acquired infections mainly draw attention because of the growing awareness that most of them are preventable .
evidence suggests that proper hand hygiene practice is regarded as the singl... | background . adherence to hygiene guidelines is of utmost importance for healthcare professionals .
the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge on and the adherence to hygiene guidelines among medical students in austria . additionally , a possible difference between female and male students was investigated ... |
humans have transported other species beyond their natural ranges for thousands of years , both intentionally for agricultural purposes ( diamond 2002 ) and unintentionally as a consequence of human migration ( wichmann et al .
other than disease agents , whose effects are apparent once transposed ( mazzaglia et al... | humans have acted as vectors for species and expanded their ranges since at least the dawn of agriculture . while relatively well characterised for macrofauna and macroflora , the extent and dynamics of human - aided microbial dispersal is poorly described .
we studied the role which humans have played in manipulatin... |
fabry disease is an x - linked lysosomal storage disease caused by decreased activity of -galactosidase a ( gal - a ) .
if the disease is left untreated , the natural long - term course is associated with severe multi - organ dysfunction of the renal , cardiac and/or cerebrovascular systems.1 ) therefore , before irr... | we report a new -galactosidase a ( gal - a ) mutation in a 39-year - old korean born , male fabry disease patient .
fabry disease is a devastating , progressive inborn error of metabolism caused by x - linked genetic mutations . in this case , the first clinical symptom to occur was in childhood consisting of a burni... |
hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) infection is closely tied to the lipid metabolism of liver cells . here ,
we identify the triglyceride - synthesizing enzyme dgat1 as an important host factor for hcv infection ; dgat1 interacts with the viral nucleocapsid core and is required for the trafficking of core to lipid droplets . ... | |
edentulism is a debilitating and irreversible condition and is described as the final marker of disease burden for oral health . although the prevalence of complete tooth loss has declined over the last decade , edentulism remains a major disease worldwide , especially among older adults ( table 1 ) .
however , t... | an adequate dentition is of importance for well - being and life quality . despite advances in preventive dentistry , edentulism is still a major public health problem worldwide . in this narrative review ,
we provide a perspective on the pathways that link oral to general health . a better understanding of disease i... |
during gestation and up to 2 years of age , the human brain develops at an astounding rate .
while brain injury during this critical period can have devastating consequences , the brain has a remarkable capacity for reorganization following perinatal injury [ 16 ] .
one of the most common disorders is cerebral pals... | the brain has a remarkable capacity for reorganization following injury , especially during the first years of life .
knowledge of structural reorganization and its consequences following perinatal injury is sparse .
here we studied changes in brain tissue volume , morphology , perfusion , and integrity in children... |
although the concept of physiologically based pharmacokinetic ( pbpk ) modeling was introduced years ago , it has not achieved the scope of development and implementation that it deserves .
still , interest in and use of this modeling technique have grown over the last few years , as evidenced by the large increase i... | the concept of physiologically based pharmacokinetic ( pbpk ) modeling was introduced years ago , but it has not been practiced significantly .
however , interest in and implementation of this modeling technique have grown , as evidenced by the increased number of publications in this field .
this paper demonstrate... |
its etiology involves a combination of genetic factors , unfavorable growth pattern , and oral habits .
habitual nonnutritive sucking , altered tongue function and posture , and persistent infantile swallowing , for example , can contribute to vertical malocclusion in the growth period.1,2 several studies have sugges... | a 27-year - old man presented an anterior open bite relapse .
he had low tongue posture positioned anteriorly at rest and during swallowing and reported chronic difficulty in nose breathing .
head cone - beam computed tomography revealed nasal septum deviation , right turbinate hypertrophy , and left maxillary sinu... |
pseudoexfoliation syndrome ( pxs ) and pigment dispersion syndrome ( pds ) are common causes of raised intraocular pressure ( iop ) and secondary glaucoma .
pxs tends to affect an older population , whereas pds is more likely to be seen in a younger , myopic patient cohort .
pxs is a generalised disorder of the ext... | pseudoexfoliation syndrome ( pxs ) and pigment dispersion syndrome ( pds ) are two of the commonest disorders to produce secondary open - angle glaucoma through trabecular meshwork blockage .
each is a defined clinical entity , and while genetics likely play a significant role in the pathogenesis of both , the specif... |
our institute is austria`s national reference center for echinococcosis ( 8) . the study comprised 65 patients in whom ae was diagnosed and registered during 19912011 ; the patients derived from all 9 of austria s provinces .
inclusion criteria were as follows : 1 ) ae characteristic imaging findings and 2 ) e. multi... | austria is part of the classical area of central europe to which alveolar echinococcosis ( ae ) is endemic .
annual incidences in austria were 2.4 and 2.8 cases/100,000 population during 19912000 and 20012010 , respectively .
hence , the registration of 13 new ae patients in 2011 was unexpected .
increasing fox p... |
prostate - specific antigen ( psa ) levels are affected by many factors that may be unrelated to prostate disease , including age and race .
patients with diabetes have been reported to be at an increased risk for cancers of the pancreas , liver , and colon ; however , recent studies have suggested that men with diab... | abstractpatients with diabetes have been reported to be at an increased risk for cancers of the pancreas , liver , and colon ; however , recent studies have suggested that men with diabetes are at a decreased risk for prostate cancer .
previous studies have found that obese men have lower serum prostate - specific an... |
cariostatic efficacy of topical fluorides is attributed to their ability to decrease the rate of demineralization of enamel and enhance the rate of remineralization .
there is a current consensus that bacteria - mediated tooth destruction can be arrested or even reversed by adopting fluorides .
the fluoride concent... | objective : to assess the availability of fluoride concentration in saliva following the use of fluoride mouthrinse and dentifrice.materials and methods : the experiment was carried out in 715 year - old school children of chandigarh ( n = 90 ) .
the children were nonfluoride users .
baseline saliva samples were co... |
in addition to the better outcome in cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) in women , the time of occurrence of cvd is also later .
these discrepancies occur due to the significant influence that sex plays on the development of cvd .
one of the major influences on cvd is the lipid profile [ 3 , 4 ] and it is well known th... | objective .
the aim of this study was to evaluate sex specific differences of metabolic and clinical characteristics of treated hyperlipidemic men and women ( hl - men and hl - women ) .
methods . in this study vascular and metabolic characteristics of 35 hl - women and 64 hl - men were assessed .
in addition a s... |
production of basal levels of superoxide ( o2 ) and nitric oxide ( no ) radical by granulocytes is known to be enhanced in patients with type - ii diabetes .
recently it was reported in healthy subjects that no production by granulocytes is mediated via cyclic amp and cgmp pathways .
however , cyclic amp and cgmp -... | the mechanism of release of proinflammatory cytokines by blood granulocytes in diabetes is unknown .
we investigated whether diabetes mellitus affects the production of cytokines by granulocytes ( pmn ) and mononuclear cells ( pbmcs ) and whether this is modulated by no .
isolated pmn and pbmc from with or without ... |
enteropathy - type t - cell lymphoma ( etl ) is primary extranodal t - cell lymphoma arising in the intestine originating from intraepitheial t - cells.1 etl is very rare and accounts for fewer than 5% of all gastrointestinal tract lymphomas .
five - year survival rate is 20% to 25%.2 - 6 the treatment options are ch... | enteropathy - type t - cell lymphoma ( etl ) or enteropathy - associated t - cell lymphoma is a very rare malignant intestinal tumor .
etl is usually diagnosed by surgery .
endoscopic findings of etl are not well known , and there are few reports of findings from endoscopy that has been performed only using white l... |
acquired chloridorrhea ( acd ) is a rare disorder presenting with chloride - rich diarrhea , severe volume depletion , metabolic alkalosis , hypochloremia , hypokalemia , hyponatremia , acute renal failure , and low urinary chloride excretion .
this array of derangements is also seen in congenital chloridorrhea ( ccd... | a 58-year old male with a history of small bowel resection and ileostomy presented with severe dehydration and high ostomy output .
laboratory investigation indicated hypochloremia , hypokalemia , hyponatremia , metabolic alkalosis , chloride - rich diarrhea , acute renal failure , and low urinary chloride excretion ... |
surveillance studies throughout the world have demonstrated that an influenza a virus reservoir exists in wild aquatic birds .
,
,
in the natural reservoir , avian influenza viruses ( aiv ) replicate primarily in the gastrointestinal tract , are excreted mainly in feces , and are transmitted via the fecal oral ... | please cite this paper as : krauss et al .
( 2012 ) respiratory tract versus cloacal sampling of migratory ducks for influenza a viruses : are both ends relevant ?
influenza and other respiratory viruses doi : .
background early studies in dabbling ducks showed that cloacal swabs yielded a larger number of avi... |
stroke is a major cause of death and disability world - wide . by 2020 stroke , together with coronary - artery disease ,
stroke represents an often devastating disruption to life , the majority of survivors experiencing some degree of impairment requiring additional care or support 1 year post - stroke .
stroke is... | purposeto systematically review the psychometric properties of outcome measures used in stroke self - management interventions ( smis ) to ( 1 ) inform researchers , clinicians and commissioners about the properties of the measures in use and ( 2 ) make recommendations for the future development of self - management me... |
since the first introduction of endoscopic endocrine neck surgery in 1996 [ 1 , 2 ] , many different techniques of remote access thyroidectomy without a conventional cervical incision have been developed [ 3 , 4 ] .
although the pursuit on cosmetic superiority can be achieved , remote access thyroidectomy by the endo... | while open thyroidectomy ( ot ) is advocated as the gold standard treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer , the contemporary use of robotic thyroidectomy ( rt ) is often controversial .
although rt combines the unique benefits of the surgical robot and remote access thyroidectomy , its applicability on cancer pat... |
laryngeal cancer is a common type of malignant tumor in the head and neck , and the incidence of this type of tumor is increasing yearly .
it is believed that this cancer is the result of the combined effects of multiple factors , primarily environmental and genetic factors .
studying the genetic factors associated... | backgroundthe aim of this study was to investigate the association between polymorphism of the cytochrome p450 1b1 ( cyp1b1 ) gene , a metabolic enzyme gene , and the susceptibility to laryngeal cancer among the chinese han population.material/methodsin a case - control study , we investigated polymorphisms in the cyp1... |
more than 20 years ago , shoemaker and coworkers observed that perioperative alterations in oxygen transport were closely related to the development of organ failure and death .
subsequently , several studies reported that perioperative hemodynamic optimization guided by the pulmonary artery catheter may decrease m... | recent years have seen the place of the pulmonary artery catheter in intensive care increasingly challenged , with one recent study reporting no difference in outcome in patients treated with or without a pulmonary artery catheter .
however , this study has several methodological flaws and , although pulmonary artery... |
a 19-year - old male presented to our medical clinic in mid-2009 with complaints of acne , hair loss , and difficulty in getting up from sitting position with evidence of proximal muscle weakness .
he had been recently diagnosed with dermatomyositis based on his clinical features of elevated creatine kinase levels , ... | hiv has been linked to several autoimmune disorders since its emergence in the 1980s . by affecting different cells and pathways in the immune system
, hiv induces the development of certain autoimmune diseases while prohibiting the emergence of others .
dermatomyositis has been rarely described in patients with hi... |
a radical cystectomy ( rc ) with pelvic lymph node dissection is the gold standard treatment for muscle - invasive bladder carcinoma and remains the most effective method for local control .
rc is a major procedure with the potential for serious complications which commonly develop in the early perioperative period .... | a radical cystectomy ( rc ) with pelvic lymph node dissection is the gold standard treatment for muscle - invasive bladder carcinoma .
the morbidity associated with rc is clearly lower than that in the previous decades ; it still continues to remain higher than 30% in the early postoperative period associated with an... |
determination of binding affinities for protein ligand complexes
presents one of the most complicated and attractive problems of computational
chemistry .
the simplest methods attempting to suggest
a solution to this problem ( e.g. , docking ) mostly rely on end - point
methods that estimate energies of sing... | we present a method to evaluate the free energies of ligand binding
utilizing a monte carlo estimation of the configuration integrals
concomitant with uncertainty quantification .
ensembles for integration
are built through systematically perturbing an initial ligand conformation
in a rigid binding pocket , w... |
a universal characteristic of modern societies , both in developing and developed countries , is the steadily increasing level of noise exposure within our working environments and during leisure time activities ( for review see ) .
consequently , an increasing number of people suffer from hearing disorders that resu... | noise - induced hearing loss ( nihl ) and resulting comorbidities like subjective tinnitus are common diseases in modern societies .
a substance shown to be effective against nihl in an animal model is the ginkgo biloba extract egb 761 .
further effects of the extract on the cellular and systemic levels of the nerv... |
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