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with the advent of bioinformatics , research into the restriction - modification ( rm ) of dna received a strong impulse , both to further evaluate basic research aspects and develop new tools for genetic engineering . after reaching a relative plateau over 10 years ago in the search for new prototype specificities us... | we reported previously that tspgwi , a prototype enzyme of a new thermus sp .
family of restriction endonucleases - methyltransferases ( reases - mtases ) , undergoes the novel phenomenon of sinefungin ( sin)-caused specificity transition .
here we investigated mutant tspgwi n473a , containing a single amino acid (... |
since the first demonstration of specific brain sites involved in pleasure , extensive animal research has identified striatal and midbrain areas and their dopaminergic and glutamatergic projections to other brain structures as key components that regulate the reward circuit ( for reviews see refs 31,32 ) .
researche... | chronic alcoholism is characterized by impaired control over emotionally motivated actions towards alcohol use .
neuropathologically , it is associated with widespread brain structural compromise marked by gray matter shrinkage , ventricular enlargement , and white matter degradation .
the extent to which cor... |
male db / db and nondiabetic ( db / m ) mice aged 3 , 7 , and 15 weeks ( bks.cg-m + /+ lepr / j ; the jackson laboratories , bar harbor , me ) were infected with an adenovirus coding for human ace2 ( hace2 ) upstream of an enhanced green fluorescent protein ( egfp ) reporter gene ( ad - hace2-egfp ) or with the egfp vi... | objectiveseveral clinical studies have shown the benefits of renin - angiotensin system ( ras ) blockade in the development of diabetes , and a local ras has been identified in pancreatic islets .
angiotensin i converting enzyme ( ace)2 , a new component of the ras , has been identified in the pancreas , but its rol... |
this clinical trial conformed to good clinical practice , the declaration of helsinki ( 2000 ) , and all applicable regulatory requirements .
protocol approval was obtained from each study site 's ethics committee or institutional review board .
written informed consent was obtained from subjects or from parents or... | prevention of relapse of plasmodium vivax infection is a key treatment goal in malaria .
use of p. vivax genotyping in a multicenter , double - blind , randomized , placebo - controlled phase 2b study in peru , india , thailand , and brazil allowed determination of genetically heterologous or homologous p. vivax infe... |
the canadian population is aging , a trend that is expected to continue for the next several decades due to a reduced fertility rate , an increase in life expectancy , and the aging of the baby boom cohort . in 2011 ,
an estimated 5 million canadians were 65 years of age or older , a number that is expected to double... | purpose .
alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) and dementia with lewy bodies ( dlb ) constitute two of the most common forms of dementia in north america .
driving is a primary means of mobility among older adults and the risk of dementia increases with advanced age .
the purpose of this paper is to describe the cognitive... |
the samscl gene was inserted into a pet15b vector with a stop codon at glu 95 introduced by site - directed mutagenesis to generate the samscl - c26 mutant .
the channel was overexpressed in bl21-gold cells and purified in the detergent ldao by immobilized metal affinity and gel filtration chromatographies .
crossl... | the ability of cells to sense and respond to mechanical force underlies diverse processes such as touch and hearing in animals , gravitropism in plants , and bacterial osmoregulation1 , 2 . in bacteria ,
mechanosensation is mediated by the mechanosensitive channels of large ( mscl ) , small ( mscs ) , potassium - dep... |
scapholunate perilunate dissociation is the most common perilunate instability pattern seen in clinical practice [ 1 , 2 ] .
perilunate dislocations may be due to ligamentous injuries ( following the lesser arc ) or osseoligamentous disruption combining fracture of one or more carpal bones with ligament injuries ( th... | carpal injuries are frequently underdiagnosed and underreported injuries of the hand .
scapholunate perilunate dissociation is the most common perilunate instability pattern seen in clinical practice .
transscaphoid , transtriquetral , transcapitate dislocation with a volar intercalated segment instability pattern ... |
currently computed tomography pulmonary angiography ( ctpa ) has become a widely accepted clinical tool in the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism ( pe ) ( 1 ) with a high sensitivity ( up to 94 - 96% ) and specificity ( up to 94 - 100% ) as consequence to the recent developed ctpa techniques ( 2 - 4 ) . despite high... | background : currently computed tomography pulmonary angiography ( ctpa ) has become a widely accepted clinical tool in the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism ( pe).objectives : to report split - bolus single - pass 64-multidetector - row ct ( mdct ) protocol for diagnosis of pe.patients and methods : mdct split - b... |
in fact , most of us credit our best work to that modified based on editorial and reviewer feedback . in this respect ,
editors and reviewers can ( and do ) recommend additional steps that strengthen reporting and clinical interpretations .
examples include encouraging authors to incorporate additional literature ,... | peer review aims to ensure the quality and credibility of research reporting
. conducted by volunteer scientists who receive no guidance or direction , peer review widely varies from fast and facilitative , to unclear and obstructive .
poor quality is an issue because most science research is publicly funded , wher... |
seventy five million unwanted pregnancies annually occur in the world , 50 million of which lead to termination of pregnancy and 20 million ends up with unsafe abortions .
itresults to 55000 deaths happen in the world , particularly in developing countries ( 95% ) ( 1 ) .
the number of unwanted pregnancies in iran ... | abstractbackgroundwe aimed to compare acceptability of levonorgestrel with the yuzpe regimen among iranian women based on their side - effects and resulting changes in the amount and pattern of menses.methodsfive hundred twenty nine participants aged 15 - 49 having regular menses and one act of unprotected intercourse ... |
ornithine transcarbamylase ( otc ; omim 300461 ) , a mitochondrial matrix enzyme , is one of the enzymes involved in the urea cycle ; this enzyme catalyzes the biosynthesis of citrulline from ornithine and carbamyl phosphate .
the human otc gene is located on the short arm of the x chromosome ( 1 ) , and otc deficien... | ornithine transcarbamylase ( otc ) is one of the enzymes involved in the urea cycle .
otc deficiency , which is caused by impaired synthesis of otc in the liver , is the most common inherited disease of urea cycle disorders . in this paper , we describe the case of an otc - deficient japanese boy wherein an analysis ... |
leishmaniasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases ( ntds ) , which are a group of infection diseases in tropical and subtropical areas in 149 countries , mostly common in low - income population , that affect more than one billion people ( 1 ) .
leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus leishm... | background : we evaluated the effect of the ethanolic extract of scrophularia striata on the iranian strain of leishmania major ( mrho / ir/75/er ) both in vitro and in vivo conditionsmethods : the effective dose ( ed ) of ethanolic extract of s. striata were determined using mtt assay on the growth of promastigote for... |
one - repetition maximum ( 1rm ) lifts are one of the major methods of evaluating strength performance among college football players and are considered by most strength and conditioning professionals to be the most valid and reliable measures of muscular strength .
however , there may be occasions when a non - perfo... | the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of inter - investigator differences in anthropometric assessments on the prediction of one - repetition maximum ( 1rm ) bench press in college football players .
division - ii players ( n = 34 , age = 20.4 1.2 y , 182.3 6.6 cm , 99.1 18.4 kg ) were measured for... |
acute lupus pneumonitis ( alp ) is a rare initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) .
we report a 19-year - old female presenting with fever and recurrent hemoptysis with radiological evidence of parenchymal lung involvement with mild pleural effusion .
a 19-year - old previously healthy girl pre... | acute lupus pneumonitis is a rare initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) .
we report a 19-year - old female presenting with fever and recurrent hemoptysis with radiological evidence of parenchymal lung involvement with mild pleural effusion .
subsequent development of malar and discoid rash wi... |
to address this question without oversimplifying or guessing at the complexity of cells , we consider a chemical species x1 that affects the production of a second species x2 , which in turn indirectly controls the production of x1 via an arbitrarily complicated reaction network with any number of components , nonlinea... | negative feedback is common in biological processes and can increase a system s stability to internal and external perturbations .
but at the molecular level , control loops always involve signaling steps with finite rates for random births and deaths of individual molecules . by developing mathematical tools that me... |
all participants were fully informed of risks and discomforts associated with the experiment before giving informed written consent .
the study was approved by the ethics committee in copenhagen county and conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the declaration of helsinki .
the diabetic patients were recrui... | objectiveextracellular nucleotides and nucleosides are involved in regulation of skeletal muscle blood flow .
diabetes induces cardiovascular dysregulation , but the extent to which the vasodilatatory capacity of nucleotides and nucleosides is affected in type 2 diabetes is unknown .
the present study investigated ... |
oral lesions in denture wearers constitute a heterogeneous group of tissue changes , both with regard to pathogenesis , clinical and histopathological appearance , and possible complications .
dentures may be the direct cause of these conditions , due to changing environmental conditions of the oral cavity and loadin... | background : heterogeneous groups of oral lesions are likely to develop among denture wearers
. the objectives of this study were to determine the exact prevalence of oral lesions among denture wearers attending the clinics of the college of dentistry , university of dammam.materials and methods : all denture wearers... |
human cancers rely on multiple overlapping signal transduction pathways to activate and regulate cellular proliferation , survival and migration programs .
the epithelial - to - mesenchymal transition ( emt ) is a critical process in embryonic development for metazoan organisms and a similar process has also been sho... | over 90% of all cancers are carcinomas , malignancies derived from cells of epithelial origin . as carcinomas progress
, these tumors may lose epithelial morphology and acquire mesenchymal characteristics which contribute to metastatic potential . an epithelial - to - mesenchymal transition ( emt )
similar to the p... |
recent progress in biotechnology and medical care has increased the number of surviving preterm newborns worldwide [ 1 , 2 ] .
advances in perinatal medical care have increased the survival rate of infants delivered prematurely ; more than 80% of very low birth weight ( vlbw ) infants survive in developed countries [... | aim . to find predictive and indicative markers of risk for development of retinopathy of prematurity ( rop ) and its progression to the stage requiring laser treatment , in premature infants whose gestational age ( ga ) was under 33 weeks
. methods .
we retrospectively reviewed medical records of 197 premature inf... |
virtually all neurodevelopmental disorders are defined by deficits in brain circuitry and function that unfold as an individual develops .
presumably , differential ontogeny of neural connectivity that is , when , how , and which specific brain circuits are affected dictates the presentation of clinical phenotypes ... | the validity for assigning disorder risk to an autism spectrum disorder ( asd ) candidate gene comes from convergent genetic , clinical , and developmental neurobiology data . here
, we review these lines of evidence from multiple human genetic studies , and non - human primate and mouse experiments that support the ... |
malaria is endemic in 104 countries with estimated 207 million clinical cases and 627,000 deaths , representing a major global public health problem .
it mainly affects children , pregnant women , and non - immune adults who frequently die as victims of cerebral manifestations and anemia .
both of these malarial co... | malaria is one of the most widespread infectious diseases of tropical countries with an estimated 207 million cases globally . in india , there are endemic pockets of this disease , including aligarh .
hundreds of plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax cases with severe pathological conditions are recorded every year in ... |
chronic liver disease leads to several complications , with high morbidity and mortality rates . a worldwide health problem , chronic liver inflammation is a progressive disease with a slow stage , causing liver dysfunction , characterized by the formation of fibrosis . the chronicity of inflammation , as well as the t... | this study investigated the anti - inflammatory effects of dec on the ccl4-induced hepatotoxicity in c57bl/6 mice .
chronic inflammation was induced by i.p .
administration of ccl4 0.5 l / g of body weight through two injections a week for 6 weeks .
dec ( 50
mg / kg ) was administered by gavage for 12 days bef... |
on june 9 , 1999 , the first report of e. coli in a person who had visited an open farm in north wales was made to the communicable disease control team of north wales health authority .
six days later , on june 15 , two more patients with culture - positive e. coli o157 infection reported having visited the farm .
... | an outbreak of vero cytotoxin producing escherichia coli o157 ( vtec o157 ) gastroenteritis in visitors to an open farm in north wales resulted in 17 primary and 7 secondary cases of illness .
e. coli o157 vero cytotoxin type 2 , phage type 2 was isolated from 23 human cases and environmental animal fecal samples . ... |
there is strong evidence from experiments in animal models and epidemiologic studies that cyclooxygenases are intimately involved in the promotion and progression stages of nmscs , and therefore , may be excellent targets for the prevention of nmscs ( rundhaug and fischer , 2008 ) .
there are two major cyclooxygenase... | nonmelanoma skin cancers ( nmscs ) , are among the most common human malignancies .
current methods for their prevention include avoidance of natural and artificial sources of uv radiation , photoprotective clothing and sunscreens .
however , these methods have proven to be inadequate in stemming the rise in skin c... |
herniated lumbar disc is one of the most frequent medical problems18 ) , and for decades , lumbar discectomy has been one of the most common surgical practices performed by neurosurgeons22 ) .
today , lumbar spinal fusion surgery has been commonly performed for patients who present with chronic back pain with neurolo... | objectiveto characterize the importance of the vertical angle of the sacral curvature ( vasc ) in lumbar disc herniations.methodsmorphological data derived from lumbar sagittal mri imaging .
the statistical significance of the findings are discussed .
the angles of 60 female patients with lumbar disc herniations ( ... |
the physical properties of these materials can be modulated by different factors , such as composition , light source , and the length of the curing time.13 different factors related to the composition may affect the mechanical properties of the material , such as the type and concentration of the monomer that is used4... | objectives : the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different light sources and curing time on the degree of conversion and microhardness of two surfaces within a nanofilled composite resin.methods:four experimental groups ( n=10 ) were formed in accordance with the light source ( quartz - tungsten haloge... |
as part of the centers for disease control and prevention investigation , vero cell culture isolates of wnv were obtained from pools of culex quinquefasciatus ( say ) mosquitoes collected during august 19 , 2010 , at multiple sites in the study areas ( figure 1 ) .
kf704145kf704159 ) for the envelope ( e ) protein c... | molecular analysis of west nile virus ( wnv ) isolates obtained during a 2010 outbreak in maricopa county , arizona , usa , demonstrated co - circulation of 3 distinct genetic variants , including strains with novel envelope protein mutations .
these results highlight the continuing evolution of wnv in north america ... |
there are approaches to femoral tunnel placement in arthroscopic acl reconstruction : the tibial tunnel - dependent approach ( transtibial technique ) and the tibial tunnel - independent approach ( anteromedial [ am ] and outside - in techniques ) .
femoral tunnel placement using the transtibial technique is a common... | purposein anatomical single - bundle ( sb ) anterior cruciate ligament ( acl ) reconstruction , the traditional transtibial approach can limit anatomical placement of the femoral tunnel.surgical techniquewe present a novel three - point freehand technique that allows for anatomic sb acl reconstruction with the transtib... |
vaccines are one of the most effective preventative health tools available against infectious diseases , cancer , allergy , and autoimmune diseases . vaccination aims to generate a strong immune response to the administrated antigen and provide long - term protection against a disease .
vaccine adjuvants are compound... | vaccine adjuvants are compounds that enhance host immune responses to co - administered antigens in vaccines .
vaxjo is a web - based central database and analysis system that curates , stores , and analyzes vaccine adjuvants and their usages in vaccine development .
basic information of a vaccine adjuvant stored i... |
since 2000 the interest in micrornas ( mirnas ) and their role as
gene expression regulators has grown immensely .
lee et al were the
first to identify such a small regulator : the lin-4 rna in
caenorhabditis elegans .
it has been shown that the 21 nt lin-4 rna represses mrna and controls part of the
c eleg... | we present an overview of selected computational methods for
microrna prediction .
it is especially aimed at viral mirna
detection . as the number of micrornas increases and the range of
genomes encoding mirnas expands
, it seems that these small
regulators have a more important role than has been previousl... |
progress in human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) treatment has resulted in up to nearly 80% of patients reaching viral suppression ( ie , hiv-1 rna < 200 copies / ml ) , with reduction of mortality and morbidity of hiv.1 the increase of virological success is reflected in an improvement in clinical and immunological ou... | backgrounddeintensification and less drug regimen ( ldr ) antiretroviral therapy ( art ) strategies have proved to be effective in terms of maintaining viral suppression in human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv)-positive patients , increasing tolerability , and reducing toxicity of antiretroviral drugs administered to pat... |
multidrug efflux pumps cause serious problems in cancer chemotherapy and in the treatment of bacterial infections . in bacteria ,
drug resistance is often associated with multidrug efflux pumps , which decrease cellular drug accumulation . in gram - negative bacteria , pumps belonging to the resistance
division fam... | objectivesin gram - negative bacteria , drug susceptibility is associated with multidrug efflux systems and an outer membrane ( om ) barrier .
previous studies revealed that salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium has 10 functional drug efflux pumps . among them , acrb is a major factor to maintain the intrinsic drug... |
an editorial error resulted in this article appearing in the wrong supplementary issue , here : jia
et al .
the full text remains available in both issues for the readers convenience .
for citation purposes ,
please use the details of this republished version : jia et al . mapping
splicing quantitative trait ... | backgroundone of the major mechanisms of generating mrna diversity is alternative splicing , a regulated
process that allows for the flexibility of producing functionally different proteins from the same
genomic sequences .
this process is often altered in cancer cells to produce aberrant proteins that
drive th... |
neurological disorders are a major cause of morbidity , mortality , disability , and adversely affect the quality of life among pediatric age group .
major neurological disorders among children include epilepsy , headache , migraine , cerebral palsy , behavior related disorders - attention deficit hyperactive disorde... | background : neurological disorders are a significant cause of morbidity , mortality and adversely affect quality of life among pediatric patients . in india , more than 30% population is under 20 years of age , many of whom present late during the course of illness .
several drugs prescribed to pediatric population ... |
hodgkin lymphoma ( hl ) is a highly curable lymphoma with overall cure rates exceeding 80% and over 90% with limited stage disease .
the improved survival has led to the concern about long - term effects of cancer therapy adversely affecting the quality of life of these children .
computerized tomography ( ct ) sca... | introduction : hodgkin lymphoma ( hl ) is a highly curable lymphoma with cure rates of over 80% and even higher with limited stage disease . computerized tomography ( ct ) scan is currently the recommended modality in staging and assessment of response to therapy in patients with hl .
however , ct has its limitations... |
migraine without aura ( moa ) could be considered common during the pediatric age , with a prevalence ranging from 2% to 17%.1,2 moa is not just a painful condition , it is often accompanied by comorbidities that may lead to significant disability.3 in fact , children and adolescents affected by moa could present a hig... | backgroundmigraine without aura ( moa ) is a painful syndrome , particularly in childhood ; it is often accompanied by severe impairments , including emotional dysfunction , absenteeism from school , and poor academic performance , as well as issues relating to poor cognitive function , sleep habits , and motor coordin... |
there is compelling evidence that the virus - specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte ( ctl ) response is an important factor in the control of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses ( hiv and siv , resp . ) in infected individuals .
failures in antibody - based vaccines emphasize the importance of the cd8 + t lymphocyt... | the simian immunodeficiency virus- ( siv- ) infected rhesus macaque is the preferred animal model for vaccine development , but the correlates of protection in this model are not completely understood . in this paper , we document the cytotoxic t lymphocyte ( ctl ) response to siv and its effects on viral evolution i... |
acinetobacter spp . are glucose - nonfermentative , nonmotile , nonfastidious , catalase - positive , oxidase - negative , aerobic gram - negative coccobacilli .
acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an important pathogen causing a variety of infections including pneumonia , bloodstream infections , skin and soft ti... | background : acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an important pathogen causing a variety of infections . using data from the china surveillance of antimicrobial resistance program conducted biennially , we investigated the secular changes in the resistance of 2917 isolates of a. baumannii from 2004 to 2014 to differ... |
the combination therapy of daclatasvir , a hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) ns5a inhibitor , and asunaprevir , a second - generation ns3/4a protease inhibitor , was approved in july 2014 in japan as the first interferon ( ifn)-free therapy for chronic hepatitis c ( chc ) caused by hcv genotype 1b .
this combination therapy ... | a 70-year - old woman with chronic hepatitis c was admitted to our hospital due to liver injury , cholecystitis , and disseminated intravascular coagulation with a fever and skin rash .
she had been on a combination regimen of daclatasvir and asunaprevir for 2 weeks of a 24-week regimen . because of the symptoms , la... |
klotho is a single - pass transmembrane protein with a long extracellular domain and short cytoplasmic tail that appears to modulate aging [ 1 , 2 ] . despite the specific predominant expression of klotho in the kidney , parathyroid gland , and choroid plexus of the brain , the extracellular domain of klotho
may be c... | klotho is a single - pass transmembrane protein predominantly expressed in the kidney .
the extracellular domain of klotho is subject to ectodomain shedding and is released into the circulation as a soluble form .
soluble klotho is also generated from alternative splicing of the klotho gene . in mice , defects in k... |
the carnitine palmitoyltransferase ii ( cpt-2 ) enzyme is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is associated with -oxidation of long - chain fatty acids , .
cpt-2 converts long - chain acylcarnitine ( lcac ) , which is transferred from long - chain acyl - coa by cpt-1 , back to long - chain acyl - coa .
... | carnitine palmitoyltransferase ii ( cpt-2 ) deficiency , an autosomal recessive disorder of fatty acid oxidation , can be detected by newborn screening using tandem mass spectrometry ( tms).our case was a boy born at 38 weeks and 6 days of gestation via normal vaginal delivery ; his elder sister was affected with cpt... |
dengue fever ( df ) is an acute mosquito borne transmitted disease caused by the df virus of family flaviviridae , the most common cause of arboviral disease in the world .
the dengue virus ( denv ) are four genetically related , but distinct serotypes designated denv-1 , denv-2 , denv-3 and denv-4 are circulating wo... | dengue fever is mosquito borne disease caused by dengue virus ( denv ) of flaviviridae family .
the clinical manifestations range from fever to severe hemorrhage , shock and death . here
, we report a case of 20-year - old male patient undergoing orthodontic treatment presenting with acute gingival bleeding with a ... |
a 75-year - old man visited a local hospital complaining of abdominal pain and melena .
his computed tomography showed a 7 cm - sized abdominal aortic aneurysm and suspected an aortoenteric fistula ( fig .
when he arrived at the emergency room , his blood pressure was 70/40 mmhg , his heart rate was 120/min , and t... | aortoenteric fistula is a rare but potentially fatal condition causing massive gastrointestinal bleeding . in particular ,
double primary aortoenteric fistulae are vanishingly rare .
we encountered a 75-year - old male patient suffering from abdominal pain , hematochezia , hematemesis , and hypotension .
his comp... |
melanoma is one of the most common types of cancer in denmark and the incidence has increased markedly during the recent decades , and by more than 50% in the present study period ( from 1136 cases in 2004 to 1886 cases in 2009).1 the prognosis is highly dependent on cancer stage at diagnosis , with 5-year survival dec... | backgroundthe purpose of this study was to investigate the completeness of tnm ( tumor , node , metastasis ) staging of melanoma in the danish cancer registry ( dcr).methodswe identified 8762 patients with a first primary diagnosis of melanoma from the dcr between 2004 and 2009 .
we obtained information on level of c... |
according to mantini et al . , the left hepatic vein ( lhv ) draining into the coronary sinus ( cs ) is an extremely rare finding classified as type ia2 of congenital abnormalities involving the coronary sinus .
the anomalous vein is usually a single vessel that arises from the left hepatic lobe , passes through the ... | left hepatic vein ( lhv ) that drains blood into a coronary sinus ( cs ) is an extremely rare congenital anomaly of systemic vein drainage with only single reports published . in most of these cases
the unusual venous connection was found incidentally during diagnostics or surgery.the case of a two - year - old boy i... |
desmosomes are complex intercellular junctions comprising 3 major families of proteins : transmembrane cadherins ( desmogleins and desmocollins ) , armadillo family proteins ( plakoglobin and plakophilin ) , and plakins ( desmoplakin ) .
the amino - terminal extracellular domains of desmosomal cadherins form the adhe... | summarythe importance of desmosomal cell adhesion to human health is evidenced by the autoimmune disease pemphigus vulgaris ( pv ) , in which autoantibodies against the extracellular domain of the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 3 cause potentially fatal blistering of the skin and mucous membranes .
tucker et al . des... |
the cutaneous t - cell lymphoma is characterized by skin infiltrating and/or circulating malignant cells displaying a cd4+cd7 phenotype in the majority of cases .
cd4 + t lymphocytes from a nonmalignant cloned human t - cell line have been recently reported to produce a 92-kd gelatinase ( mmp 9 ) . apart from product... | the aim of the study was to investigate the dna polymorphic genotype in mmp-2 promoter gene as a potential candidate region for the development of the cutaneous t - cell lymphoma ( ctcl ) and/or its progression .
a total of 89 czech patients with ctcl ( including 23 patients with large plaque parapsoriasis ) were com... |
in the broadest sense , synthetic biology attempts to understand and mimic biological systems in order to provide novel biologically inspired solutions for a variety of challenges , such as medicine , energy production and product manufacturing .
rnas , such as short interfering rnas ( sirnas ) , aptamers , riboswitc... | rna molecules are highly modular components that can be used in a variety of contexts for building new metabolic , regulatory and genetic circuits in cells .
the majority of synthetic rna systems to date predominately rely on two - dimensional modularity
. however , a better understanding and integration of three -... |
differences in prevalence relate to age , socioeconomic status , and geographic location [ 1 , 2 ] .
h. pylori infection is commonly associated with gastritis , gastric cancer , and peptic ulcer disease , as well as with a variety of extragastric manifestations [ 35 ] .
the infection elicits a robust inflammatory r... | background . type 1 diabetes ( t1d ) and type 2 diabetes ( t2d ) have been linked to helicobacter pylori infection , although results are conflicting .
no previous study addressed a possible link between h. pylori infection and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults ( lada ) . in this study , a correlation among h. pyl... |
primary treatment includes surgical excision with partial or total cystectomy along with removal of umbilicus , urachus tract with or without pelvic lymphnode dissection .
common metastatic sites include lung , liver , and bone . here , we report a case of urachal carcinoma treated with surgical excision , which pres... | urachal carcinoma is a rare malignancy constituting < 1% of bladder malignancies .
the disease arises from a malignant transformation of rests of enteric epithelium in the urachus .
most common sites of metastasis are lung , liver , and bone .
we report a postoperative case of urachal carcinoma presenting with di... |
laboratory mouse is one of the central model organisms in modern biology , especially since the sequencing of mouse genome .
mouse strains differ not only in the coat color but also in blood parameters , immune response , behavior and reaction to stress , and susceptibility to diseases , that is , atherosclerosis ,... | c57bl/6 is the most often used laboratory mouse strain . however , sometimes it is beneficial to cross the transgenic mice on the c57bl/6 background to the other strain , such as fvb .
although this is a common strategy , the influence of crossing these different strains on homeostatic expression of cytokines is not ... |
nowadays , more and more teenagers are engaging in riskier sports either at school or in recreational settings .
their delving into sports originally thought to be exclusively preserves for adults , but by commission , they were exposed to corresponding head injuries of adult sports .
this is more common among teen... | introductionmore and more teenagers indulge in sports at school or in recreational settings .
some of these sports are considered to be purveyors of accidents and should be practiced by putting in place safety rules and regulations .
this report is unusual case of a school child of age 13 who suffered from depresse... |
osteoblastomas are rare bone tumors , accounting for approximately 1% of all primary bone neoplasms .
these tumors typically arise in the spine and show a 3:1 male predominance.1 lesions involving the temporal bone are extremely rare , with 22 total cases reported in the english - language literature and only 8 cases... | objectives to describe the work - up and surgical management of an osteoblastoma involving the lateral skull base . typically occurring in the spine or long bones , osteoblastomas of the craniofacial skeleton
are exceedingly rare and infrequently reported .
a review of the current literature regarding temporal bone... |
chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( cll ) is a slowly progressive disorder of abnormal and malignant neoplastic proliferation of b lymphocytes . acute myeloid leukemia ( aml ) is a rapidly progressive disorder of abnormal and malignant neoplastic proliferation of myeloid cells and their precursors . in the united states ,
... | key clinical messagean 83 year - old caucasian male presented to the emergency room with confusion and lethargy .
a complete blood count revealed lymphocytosis , anemia , and thrombocytopenia .
a bone marrow examination revealed chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( cll ) , along with a small population of abnormal immatu... |
radical hysterectomy ( rh ) remains as the preferred surgical option for the management of early stage cervical cancer .
other indications include recurrence after radiation therapy , selected patients with upper vaginal carcinoma and other rare malignancies of the cervix .
the goal of this surgery is to remove the... | background : the radical hysterectomy ( rh ) surgical technique has improved along the years .
it is used for the treatment of cervical cancer , endometrial cancer when affecting the cervix , and upper vaginal carcinomas .
our aim was to describe the historical evolution of the technique after the introduction of l... |
a significant improvement was the introduction of new molecular classification that recognized five types of breast carcinoma : luminal a , luminal b , basal - like , human epidermal growth factor receptor ( her)-2/neu and unclassified . the main goal of this classification was to clarify the molecular markers of progn... | introduction : the panel of markers used for molecular classification include estrogen receptors ( er ) , progesterone receptors ( pr ) , human epidermal growth factor receptor ( her)-2/neu , p53 , bcl-2 and basal markers like cytokeratin 5/6 or epidermal growth factor receptor ( egfr ) . among these , egfr plays an im... |
this was a prospective observational diagnostic accuracy study in patients recruited during the winter months of 2006 to 2008 in two hospitals with acute medical admission units within the university hospitals of leicester nhs trust , england .
patients were adults aged 18 to 93 years who were hospitalized with an in... | background : antibiotic overuse in respiratory illness is common and is associated with drug resistance and hospital - acquired infection .
biomarkers that can identify bacterial infections may reduce antibiotic prescription .
we aimed to compare the usefulness of the biomarkers procalcitonin and c - reactive prote... |
judging by outcome studies from around the world , most experts agree that one can not effectively treat anorexia nervosa without first restoring body weight .
it is also clear that without a concerted refeeding effort , no meaningful psychotherapy can take place , due to starvation - induced cognitive deficits .
... | weight restoration is crucial for successful treatment of anorexia nervosa . without it ,
patients may face serious or even fatal medical complications of severe starvation
. however , the process of nutritional rehabilitation can also be risky to the patient .
the refeeding syndrome , a problem of electrolyte an... |
given a real - valued measure of discriminability m(x , y ) between stimuli y y and stimuli x x , regular minimality ( rm ) means that [ a ] for every x x one can uniquely find a matching stimulus in y , defined as the y y which is least discriminable from x among all stimuli in y ; [ b ] for every y y o... | a matrix of discrimination measures ( discrimination probabilities , numerical estimates of dissimilarity , etc . ) satisfies regular minimality ( rm ) if every row and every column of the matrix contains a single minimal entry , and an entry minimal in its row is minimal in its column . we derive a formula for the pro... |
internet is growing worldwide for information and is a user - friendly communication medium that is cost - effective and fast useful tool in education . today , internet is a global system that is increasingly used by all people as one of the most important devices for access to information in the world , especially yo... | background : today 's internet is a usual and common method for identifying and fulfilling unknown practices . internet network has been prepared rapid and comfortable access to information .
internet addiction is a new and attractive subject that has been regarded as behavior - based addiction recently.purpose:to es... |
osteonecrosis of the femoral head ( onfh ) , of which avascular necrosis comprises the principal part , is a progressive and disabling condition in young and middle - aged patients .
typically , patients are asymptomatic in early stages while eventually requiring a total hip replacement ( thr ) .
morbid vascularity... | background : appropriate expression and regulation of the transcriptome , which mainly comprise of mrnas and lncrnas , are important for all biological and cellular processes including the physiological activities of bone microvascular endothelial cells ( bmecs ) . through an intricate intracellular signaling systems
... |
although leprosy does not constitute a public health problem in senegal since 1995 , it still persists . each year , hundreds of patients are diagnosed by the staff of the national program for elimination of leprosy ( npel ) and the institute of applied leprology of dakar ( iald ) . in 2006 , there were 353 new cases o... | hundreds of new leprosy cases are still diagnosed in dakar despite all the efforts in the struggle by the national program for elimination of leprosy by the institute of applied leprosy in dakar .
the aim of our study was to evaluate the epidemiological , clinicopathological and outcome of new cases of leprosy .
a ... |
epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects individuals of all ages regardless of gender .
the impact of living with epilepsy can be enormous than the seizure itself . a world health organization ( who ) report estimated that 10% of the global burden of brain and mental disorders is caused by epilepsy , ... | epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that can have profound physical , social and psychological consequences .
we aimed to assess the clinical predictors of quality of life of people with epilepsy .
we recruited 31 patients suffering from epilepsy in this cross - sectional study .
their clinical profile wa... |
a 5-year - old boy presented with a large 5 cm 5 cm cyst covering the left eye completely since birth [ fig . 1 ] .
a written informed consent was taken from the father of the patient for publishing the clinical photographs .
the visual acuity in the right eye was 20/20 with unremarkable anterior and posterior seg... | a 5-year - old boy presented with a large 5 cm 5 cm cyst covering the left eye completely since birth . the cyst was excised in toto and was sent for histopathological examination . during the surgery ,
the inferior oblique ( io ) muscle was seen originating from medial orbital wall , 1012 mm behind the medial orbit... |
evidence is emerging that neurological symptoms in prion diseases precede neuronal loss and are due to an adverse effect of misfolded prion protein ( prp ) on synaptic function .
therapeutic intervention , therefore , requires identification of the mechanisms by which abnormal prp disrupts normal neuronal activity . ... | summaryhow mutant prion protein ( prp ) leads to neurological dysfunction in genetic prion diseases is unknown .
tg(pg14 ) mice synthesize a misfolded mutant prp which is partially retained in the neuronal endoplasmic reticulum ( er ) . as these mice age , they develop ataxia and massive degeneration of cerebellar gr... |
axin2 mice were obtained from jackson laboratory ( city , state , country ) and maintained on a c57bl/6 genetic background ( charles river , hollister , ca , usa ) .
animals heterozygous and homozygous for the axin2 allele are here referred to as axin2 and axin2 mice , respectively .
noon on the day of detection of... | purposethe scaffold protein axin2 is an antagonist and universal target of the wnt/-catenin pathway .
disruption of axin2 may lead to developmental eye defects ; however , this has not been examined .
the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of axin2 during ocular and extraocular development in mouse.m... |
infectious spondylitis is commonly caused by pyogenic infection , particularly staphylococcus aureus , which accounts for 60% of all spinal infection .
the rate of occurrence of fungal infections has increased over the last decade as the population of immunocompromised patients has increased .
candida and aspergill... | vertebral osteomyelitis and discitis are mainly due to bacterial infections though fungal infections are one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients .
aspergillus involving intervertebral disc space is extremely rare .
we report a case of aspergillosis of intervertebral l5-s... |
cavernoma , also called cavernous hemangioma or cavernous angioma , is a type of blood vessel malformation , which may be considered as a benign brain lesion.1 cavernoma can appear at all ages , mainly occurring in the third to fourth decade of life . it is a rare condition , presenting in 0.5% of the general populatio... | cerebral cavernous angioma or cavernoma is a benign vascular malformation , usually asymptomatic .
it is infrequent and often its discovery is incidental , a so - called incidentaloma .
however , these lesions can be symptomatic , causing headaches , epilepsy , cerebral hemorrhage and other neurological signs depen... |
epithelial - myoepithelial carcinoma ( emc ) is a rare glandular epithelial neoplasm of the salivary gland , with an incidence of less than 1 percent of all salivary gland tumors .
emc generally occurs in the parotid gland , but some cases in the maxillary sinus , nasal cavity , trachea , larynx and lacrimal gland ha... | a 45-year - old female patient visited the clinic due to ear fullness .
a 8 mm sized mass was found in the external auditory canal .
it was surgically removed and the pathology exam confirmed epithelial - myoepithelial carcinoma ( emc ) .
emc is glandular epithelial neoplasm of the salivary gland .
emc originat... |
malignant gastrointestinal lymphoma usually originates from the stomach and is mostly derived from b cells and rarely from t cells .
we treated a patient with malignant t - cell lymphoma of gastric origin accompanied by chronic tuberculous pyothorax , which required differentiation from gastric metastases of adult t ... | the patient was a 74-year - old man suffering from tuberculotic chronic pyothorax .
he had hematemesis in january 2006 .
hb was 6.1 g / dl .
a type 2 tumor 3 cm in diameter was found in the vaulted region on the greater curvature side .
it was diagnosed as a malignant lymphoma .
wbc and differential count wer... |
this study uses social network and spatial analytical methods simultaneously to understand cholera transmission in rural bangladesh .
cholera is a bacterial disease that has been linked to the aquatic environment and can survive in brackish , coastal , and fresh water environments for significant periods of time [ 18... | this study uses
social network and spatial analytical methods
simultaneously to understand cholera
transmission in rural bangladesh .
both have been
used separately to incorporate context into
health studies , but usin... |
langerhans cell histiocytosis ( lch ) is a proliferative disorder of histiocytes in multiple organs .
this study describes a seven - month - old iranian girl who presented with skin rash and cervical lymphadenopathy .
langerhans cell histiocytosis was suspected when it was associated with anemia , splenomegaly and ... | introductionlangerhans cell histiocytosis ( lch ) is a proliferative disorder of histiocytes in multiple organs .
langerhans cell histiocytosis involves bones , skin , lung and other organs.case presentationthis study describes a seven - month - old iranian girl who presented with skin rash and cervical lymphadenopat... |
pulmonary alveolar proteinosis ( pap ) is characterized by accumulation of surfactant proteins in the alveoli due to defective surfactant clearance by alveolar macrophages .
the clinical course of the disease is variable , ranging from respiratory failure to spontaneous resolution .
a crazy - paving pattern is sugg... | pulmonary alveolar proteinosis represents a rare syndrome characterized by the accumulation of proteinaceous phospholipid - laden material in the alveoli .
this leads to impaired gas exchange and arterial hypoxemia of varying degrees .
the diagnosis is confirmed by lung biopsy .
sequential whole - lung lavage ( w... |
between august 2003 and november 2005 , we recruited 282 consecutive diabetic patients with an acute foot ulcer who were hospitalized at the german diabetes clinic and 175 diabetic patients without a history of foot ulcer who were admitted to our outpatient unit .
fasting blood samples were drawn on the first day aft... | objectivesubclinical inflammation is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes and diabetes complications .
however , data on the association between inflammation and acute diabetic foot syndrome are scarce .
the aim of this study was to compare systemic immune mediators in diabetic patients with and without an ... |
the common -chain ( c ) cytokines include interleukin-2 ( il-2 ) , il-4 , il-7 , il-9 , il-15 , and il-21 .
they have a common feature of sharing c as the signaling subunit of their receptors [ 13 ] . among these cytokines , il-7 is the pivotal cytokine for the generation of t cells in the thymus and homeostasis in t... | il-7 signaling via il-7r and common -chain ( c ) is necessary for the development and homeostasis of t cells .
although the delicate mechanism in which il-7r downregulation allows the homeostasis of t cell with limited il-7 has been well known , the exact mechanism behind the interaction between il-7r and c in the ab... |
development , differentiation , and homeostasis are controlled by cell - cell interactions , cell - extracellular matrix ( ecm ) interactions , and soluble cues ( hormones , cytokines , and growth factors ) [ 1 , 2 ] .
these interactions cause the transduction of many different signals that regulate cellular function... | metastasis is a multistep process including dissociation of cancer cells from primary sites , survival in the vascular system , and proliferation in distant target organs . as a barrier to metastasis
, cells normally undergo an apoptotic process known as
anoikis , a form of cell death due to loss of contact with t... |
meniscus injuries are frequently reported concomitantly with acl injury [ 13 ] . a recent study of matheny et al
. revealed 3.5% of posterior lateral meniscus root ( plmr ) tear with concomitant acl rupture .
the meniscus roots are the insertions of the anterior and posterior meniscal horns on the tibial plateau ... | backgroundthe treatment of anterior cruciate ligament ( acl ) rupture complicated with posterior lateral meniscus root ( plmr ) tears remains controversial .
the goal of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes of plmr tear refixation versus left untreated at the time of reconstruction.material/methodsfrom august... |
the majority of foreign body ingestions occur in the pediatric population , with a peak incidence between the ages of 6 months and 6 years .
a 5-year old male child was brought to hospital 15 h after ingestion of button ( disc ) battery of toy .
radiodraph of chest and abdomen erect showed the disc - shaped foreign... | introduction : accidental foreign body ingestion and impaction of food bolus present as an emergency .
pediatric population is the most vulnerable .
since the act may go unnoticed , the child may present late .
however , most foreign bodies pass spontaneously in the stools.case capsule : two children were brought... |
supraclavicular approach to brachial plexus block is routinely used all over the world for surgeries of upper limb because of the anatomical ease of blocking nerve roots at this level of brachial plexus . over many years
many adjuvant drugs like vasoconstrictor adrenaline have been tried with local anesthetics to pro... | background and aims : supraclavicular brachial plexus block is ideal for upper limb surgical procedures .
buprenorphine , an agonist antagonist opioid has been used as an adjunct to prolong analgesia .
we aimed to evaluate the quality and duration of postoperative analgesia by addition of buprenorphine to local ane... |
lipolytic enzymes catalyse hydrolysis and synthesis of either long - chain ( lipases ) or short - chain ( esterases ) acylglycerides . nowadays
, there is an increasing interest in the study of thermostable enzymes not only due to their more thermostability but often due to more resistance to other extreme conditions... | the lipase production ability of a newly isolated acinetobacter sp . in submerged ( smf ) and solid - state ( ssf ) fermentations was evaluated .
the results demonstrated this strain as one of the rare bacterium , which is able to grow and produce lipase in ssf even more than smf .
coconut oil cake as a cheap agroi... |
a 67-year - old woman presented with blurring of the left eye . the patient presented with best - corrected visual acuity of count fingers at 2 oculus dexter ( od ) and 20/40 oculus sinister ( os ) .
a relative afferent pupillary defect was observed in the right eye . there were nuclear sclerosis ( lens opacities cla... | we investigated a case of unilateral optic nerve hypoplasia using spectral domain optical coherence tomography ( sdoct ) .
optical coherence tomography was done on both eyes using 5-line raster scan for the fovea to analyze the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness , inner retinal layer thickness , outer retinal layer ... |
the communication issues in history of civilizations always attract the attention of researchers . in this
paper authors analyses the modern role of public health workforce in communication processes in emergencies and present the experiences from international community .
the situation is more complicated when add... | background : the aim of the study was a recommendation and establishment the concept of the appropriate communication between public health , other competent services and population in emergency as the corner stone which guarantee that all goals which are important for community life will be achieved.methods:we used me... |
we report on a 58-year - old caucasian woman that was hospitalized owing to a monstrous ovarian tumor on the right side with a three - month history of sudden abdominal growth and subsequent dyspnea .
sonography and ct scan rendered an additional myomatous uterus with requirement of a bilateral hysterosalpingectomy .... | we report on an exceedingly rare case of cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis in a 58-year - old caucasian woman associated with ovarian cystadenoma and complete deletion of the fumarate hydratase gene .
all patients and their family members with verified mutation have to be regularly screened for associated neoplasm... |
the lung transplant , in contrast with other transplanted organs , can often be infected , notably by respiratory infectious agents .
a 40-year - old caucasian woman with a lifelong history of cystic fibrosis was admitted for a progressive respiratory distress upon return by plane from turkey .
the patient had note... | a 40-year - old cystic fibrosis woman with a history of double - lung transplantation 2 years previously was admitted for a progressive respiratory distress . physical examination revealed fever ( 39c ) and diffuse bilateral lung crackles .
laboratory findings included severe hypoxemia and inflammatory syndrome .
b... |
several prognostic indicators for this cancer , such as tumour size , lymph node status , histological grade and type , vascular invasion and oestrogen receptor status , have been demonstrated .
there is , nevertheless , a considerable need for reliable prognostic markers to assist clinicians in the management of thi... | abstractthe aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate via a meta - analysis the association between p27 expression and clinical outcome in breast cancer patients .
we conducted a meta - analysis of 20 studies ( n= 6463 patients ) that evaluated the correlation between p27 expression and indicators of breast c... |
we obtained peromyscus maniculatus bairdii and p. polionotus subgriseus from the peromyscus genetic stock center ( university of south carolina ) .
laboratory - reared males were weaned at 25 days postpartum , housed individually , then paired with a sexually - mature virgin female at 60 days postpartum for 15 days .... | among the extraordinary adaptations driven by sperm competition is the cooperative behaviour of spermatozoa1 . by forming cooperative groups ,
sperm can increase their swimming velocity and thereby gain an advantage in intermale sperm competition1,2 .
accordingly , selection should favour cooperation of the most cl... |
peripheral ossifying fibroma ( pof ) is a relatively uncommon , probably reactive gingival overgrowth .
pofs consist of one or more mineralized tissues , including bone , cementum - like material , or dystrophic calcification within a matrix of cellular fibroblastic tissue .
females are more commonly affected than ... | the peripheral ossifying fibroma ( pof ) is a relatively uncommon , reactive gingival overgrowth usually composed of cellular fibroblastic tissue containing one or more mineralized tissues , namely bone , cementum - like material , or dystrophic calcification .
the aetiology and pathogenesis of pof are yet not clear ... |
periodontitis is a chronic bacterial infection characterized by persistent inflammation , connective tissue breakdown and alveolar bone destruction .
inflammatory mediators and tissue breakdown products have been frequently detected in gingival tissues , gingival crevicular fluid , serum , and saliva .
tumor necros... | introduction : periodontitis is a chronic bacterial infection characterized by persistent inflammation , connective tissue breakdown and alveolar bone destruction mediated by pro - inflammatory mediators .
tumor necrosis factor - alpha ( tnf- ) is an important pro - inflammatory mediator that produced causes destruct... |
it is unclear how these commensals regulate immunologic responses to food antigens , but there is mounting evidence that the microbiological environment of the intestine has a profound influence on oral tolerance [ 15 ] .
in addition to the commensals and pathogens residing in the intestine , food products are often ... | food allergy , other adverse immune responses to foods , inflammatory bowel disease , and eosinophilic esophagitis have become increasingly common in the last 30 years .
it has been proposed in the hygiene hypothesis that dysregulated immune responses to environmental microbial stimuli may modify the balance betwee... |
osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone sarcoma representing about 25 - 35% of all cases but constituting only about 0.1% of all neoplasms .
a small subset of patients with osteosarcoma may have involvement of multiple skeletal sites without evidence of visceral metastases .
less than 100 cases of synchronous ... | multifocal osteosarcoma is diagnosed when there are two or more lesions in the skeleton without presence of pulmonary metastases .
it is further classified as synchronous type when the patient is demonstrated to have more than one lesion simultaneously at presentation and is known as synchronous multifocal osteogenic... |
stevens - johnson syndrome ( sjs ) has been an immune - mediated hypersensitivity reaction that involved the mucous membranes and skin in which detachment of 10% of the bsa occurs .
typical prodromal symptoms of sjs were arthralgia , malaise , fever , body aches , headache , fever , epistaxis , and tachycardia , and ... | stevens - johnson syndrome has been an acute , usually self - limiting disease of the skin and mucous membranes .
this case report has presented an evidence of the development stevens - johnson syndrome associated with combination chemotherapy administration of 5fu , gemcitabin and cisplatin in a patient with biliary... |
aptamer drug conjugates ( apdcs )
are promising targeted drug
delivery systems for reducing toxicity while increasing the efficacy
of chemotherapy .
however , current apdc technologies suffer from problems
caused by the complicated preparation and low controllability of drug
aptamer
conjugation . to solv... | |
suicide is a leading cause of preventable deaths and it is among the top 20 leading causes of mortality globally for all ages . in the last 50 years
, suicide rates have increased by 60% worldwide while in india , in just last three decades there is 43% increase .
recent data suggest south india as one of the regio... | background : suicide is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths .
recent data suggest south india as one of the regions with highest suicide rates in the world . in 2013 , 134,799 people committed suicide in india according to the statistics released by the national crime records bureau .
suicide note is on... |
diabetes mellitus is a pandemic disease that has struck each and every corner of the world . according to the indian council of medical research - indian diabetes study ( icmr ) , a national diabetes study
the prevalence of diabetes among adults has reached approximately 20% in urban and approximately 10% in rural po... | context : despite the availability of efficacious anti - diabetic drugs , which act by different mechanisms to reduce the blood - glucose , the majority of people with diabetes on anti - diabetic drug therapy , have poor glycemic control and diabetic vascular complications.aim and objectives : the aim was to study the ... |
saccades are the rapid eye movements that we use to explore the visual world .
they typically last a few tens of milliseconds , so the ongoing movement can not use visual feedback for guidance .
this means that the size and direction of the saccade are planned before the eyes move and accuracy is maintained based o... | when saccadic eye movements consistently fail to land on their intended target , saccade accuracy is maintained by gradually adapting the movement size of successive saccades .
the proposed error signal for saccade adaptation has been based on the distance between where the eye lands and the visual target ( retinal e... |
breast cancer is the most common cancer among women as well as the leading cause of cancer deaths in women .
every year more than one million new cases are detected worldwide . with 502,000 deaths in 2005 , the world health organization ( who ) has introduced breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer deaths among ... | background : breast cancer is the most common malignancy and a major cause of cancer deaths among women . breastfeeding is presented as a probable protective factor against breast cancer , however , the effect of different breastfeeding patterns and duration of breastfeeding on this factor is not well determined .
th... |
karyomegalic interstitial nephritis ( kin ) is an uncommon hereditary cause of chronic interstitial nephritis described for the first time over 40 years ago . in 1974 , burry et al reported a young woman dying from hepatocellular carcinoma and who displayed dysplastic nuclei in the renal epithelium .
the term of kin... | abstractkaryomegalic interstitial nephritis is a rare cause of hereditary chronic interstitial nephritis , described for the first time over 40 years ago.a 36-year - old woman , of turkish origin , presented with chronic kidney disease and high blood pressure .
she had a history of recurrent upper respiratory tract i... |
in june 2000 , a 49-year - old muslim woman was admitted to the hospital with a purpuric rash .
she was initially thought to have a hematologic disorder before meningococcal septicemia was suspected . despite treatment with intravenous penicillin and cefotaxime , she died the following day .
a latex agglutination t... | meningococcal disease is rare in mauritius ; only one case was reported from 1992 to 1999 . however , since june 2000 , four cases have occurred .
epidemiologic information and typing results indicate that these recent cases probably followed the introduction of neisseria meningitidis w135 in mauritius by pilgrims re... |
chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) has increasingly been recognized as emerging health problem in india .
the major contributory factors leading to the development of ckd are diabetes and hypertension . in canada ,
the u.s centers for disease control and prevention found that ckd affected an estimated 16.8% of the u.s ... | aim : to study the effect of 6 months yoga program in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease ( ckd).materials and methods : fifty - four patients with ckd were studied and divided into two groups ( yoga group and control group ) to see the effect of yoga in ckd . patients in the yoga group were offered yoga the... |
this is a review of exposure conditions , clinical presentation , and morbidity of children and adults with indoor fungal exposure such as toxic stachybotrys chartarum .
indoor exposure was characterized using different methods including microscopic , culture , cytotoxicity screening tests , and chemical analyses . c... |
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