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chromium , named for its many - colored compounds , exists in the oxidation states of -2 to + 6 inclusively .
the compounds exhibit a wide range of geometries including square planar , tetrahedral , octahedral , and various distorted geometries .
chromium is found in nature principally as the chromite ore fecr2o4 i... | |
a highly evolutionarily conserved mechanism of cellular management and defense against reactive oxygen species ( ros)-induced oxidative stress involves 3 key interacting components : kelch - like erythroid cell derived protein with cap
n coller homology ( ech)-associated protein 1 ( keap1 ) , the nuclear factor eryth... | kelch - like ech - associated protein 1 ( keap1 ) , nuclear factor erythroid 2-like factor 2-related factor 2 ( nrf2 ) , and the antioxidant response element ( are ) are interacting components of a master regulatory signaling pathway that coordinates redox homeostasis , cytoprotective responses , and shifts in stem cel... |
acute cholecystitis remains a major cause of morbidity , yet despite the improved accuracy of diagnostic imaging , can sometimes be misdiagnosed .
the characteristic features of acute cholecystitis on hepatobiliary scintigraphy are transit of the radiotracer from intrahepatic biliary tree into the small bowel , witho... | we present a case of a 79-year - old immunocompromised female admitted for abdominal pain and sepsis , who had an abdominal computed tomography ( ct ) showing distal gallbladder fundus wall thickening , pericholecystic edema , and a right posteroinferior hepatic abscess .
subsequent hepatobiliary scintigraphy with tc... |
a wide variety of halogenated compounds ( organohalides or organohalogens ) are found in wastewater coming from a variety of sources such as cleaning agents , disinfectants , industrial runoff , and pesticides.1 compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls , chlorophenols , triclocarban , triclosan , and diclofenac have... | organohalide contaminants such as triclosan and triclocarban have been well documented in municipal wastewater treatment plants ( wwtps ) , but the degradation of these contaminants is not well understood .
one possible removal mechanism is organohalide respiration by which bacteria reduce the halogenated compound . ... |
the world health organization ( who ) has projected that 1.5 billion people globally are likely to suffer from hypertension by 2025 .
hypertension is linked to 57% of all stroke deaths and 24% of all coronary event deaths .
hypertension is ranked as the third most important risk factor for attributable disease burd... | aim : hypertension represents a major health problem primarily because of its role in contributing to the initiation and progression of major cardiovascular diseases .
concerns pertaining to hypertension and its sequelae can be substantially addressed and consequent burden of disease reduced by early detection and ap... |
the field of computational structure activity
modeling in medicinal chemistry has a long history , going back at
least 40 years .
methods - oriented papers
have generally analyzed statistical performance in terms of numerical
prediction accuracy , and application - oriented papers have described
prediction... | computational approaches for binding affinity prediction
are most frequently demonstrated through cross - validation within a
series of molecules or through performance shown on a blinded test
set . here ,
we show how such a system performs in an iterative , temporal
lead optimization exercise . a series of g... |
best corrected visual acuity ( bcva ) was 20/300 and 20/20 in the right and left eyes .
cycloplegic autorefractometric measures revealed refractive error of 16.00 ( 2.25 175 ) dioptry ( d ) and + 1.50 ( 0.75 5 ) d in the right and left eyes .
a - scan ultrasound biometry showed an axial length of 24.84 mm and 2... | unilateral extensive myelination of the peripapillary nerve fibers may be associated with anisometropic myopia , strabismus , and reduced vision .
myelination of optic nerve fibers terminate at lamina cribrosa . yet in some patients
, myelination progresses into the peripapillary retinal nerve fibers and may affect... |
despite
the availability of a new array
of biomarkers and a widely adapted clinically relevant / treatment - oriented
approach of classifying breast cancer cases over the last decade ,
categorization of breast cancer is an ongoing challenge which is being
revisited more frequently by the scientific community ... | this review will focus on recent advances in the application of antiepidermal growth factor receptor ( anti - egfr ) for the treatment of breast cancer .
the choice of egfr , a member of the erbb tyrosine kinase receptor family , stems from evidence pinpointing its role in various anti - egfr therapies .
therefore ... |
increasing awareness of anthropogenic environmental pollution , and of its implications for human and environmental health , has led to the continuous development of two complementary approaches for assessing the degree of contamination .
physicochemical analysis , using a wide spectrum of analytical instrumentation ... | summarywhen attempting to assess the extent and the implications of environmental pollution , it is often essential to quantify not only the total concentration of the studied contaminant but also its bioavailable fraction : higher bioavailability , often correlated with increased mobility , signifies enhanced risk but... |
guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals uniformly recommend the use of analgesia in any procedure with a potential for pain . yet
one factor that may account for the modest utilization of analgesia is the management challenge involved with intraperitoneal ( ip ) and subcutaneous ( sc ) injections of mic... | subcutaneous drug implants are convenient systems for the long - term delivery of drugs in animals .
lipid carriers are logical tools because they generally allow for higher doses and low toxicity .
the present study used an us food and drug administration target animal safety test system to evaluate the safety of ... |
to reconstruct the ancestral habitat , we first built the phylogeny for our sample using 14 molecular markers ( figures 1a and s1a ) .
we then assigned each species to one of four niches based on previous descriptions and our own field observations : terrestrial , marginal aquatic with preference for solid substrates... | summaryacquisition of new ecological opportunities is a major driver of adaptation and species diversification [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ] .
however , how groups of organisms expand their habitat range is often unclear [ 3 ] .
we study the gerromorpha , a monophyletic group of heteropteran insects that occupy a large variety... |
heart rate variability ( hrv ) , a noninvasive indicator of autonomic control of cardiac activity , is predictive of long - term cardiac morbidity and mortality .
epidemiologic research suggests that occupational exposure to power - frequency magnetic fields may be associated with autonomically mediated cardiac morta... | |
the current issue of the nucleic acids research features 100 new databases and 82 updates for databases that were previously described in nar or other journals .
inclusion of these databases into the nucleic acids research online molecular biology database collection ( http://www.oxfordjournals.org/nar/database/a/ , ... | the nucleic acids research online molecular biology database collection is a public repository that lists more than 1000 databases described in this and previous nucleic acids research annual database issues , as well as a selection of molecular biology databases described in other journals .
all databases included i... |
erythromelalgia ( em ) is a rare neurovascular disorder characterized by swelling , erythema , and burning in the extremities in a stocking - glove distribution , which is relieved by exposure to cold but worsened by heat stimuli .
based on its etiology , em is classified into two types : primary and secondary em .
... | a 41-year - old woman presented with burning and erythema in her extremities triggered by warmth and activity , which was relieved by applying ice .
extensive workup was consistent with adult - onset primary erythromelalgia ( em ) .
several pharmacological treatments were tried including local anesthetics , capsaic... |
usher syndrome ( ush ) was first described by von graefe in 1858 and is characterized by the association of sensorineural hearing loss , retinitis pigmentosa ( rp ) , and , in some cases , vestibular dysfunction .
the syndrome is the most frequent cause of deaf - blindness , accounting for more than 50% of individual... | usher syndrome ( ush ) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by hearing loss , retinitis pigmentosa ( rp ) , and , in some cases , vestibular dysfunction .
it is clinically and genetically heterogeneous and is the most common cause underlying deafness and blindness of genetic origin .
clinically , ush is ... |
in olden days , mothers and babies were separated after birth to prevent infectious diseases and to keep newborns in a safe and controlled environment .
the practice of rooming - in ( keeping the mother and the baby in same room ) started when it was realized that the separation had serious implications for the emo... | background .
there is conflicting evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of bed sharing during infancy while it has been shown to facilitate breastfeeding and provide protection against hypothermia , it has been identified as a risk factor for sids .
methods . a systematic search of major databases was conduct... |
there are studies to examine proliferation and apoptosis associated biomarkers expressions in parathyroid lesions to reveal specific features . in this study
, we evaluated the expression of some growth factors and their receptors in parathyroid gland of patients with sh or primary hyperparathyroidism ( ph ) .
para... | background : secondary hyperparathyroidism ( sh ) is major problem in chronic renal failure
. there are studies to examine proliferation and apoptosis associated biomarkers expressions in parathyroid lesions to reveal specific features . in this study
, we evaluated the expression of some growth factors and their r... |
patients and clinical assessment - this was a prospective cohort study conducted at joo
paulo ii hospital ( hjpii ) of hospital foundation of minas gerais state ( fhemig ) from
june 2010-june 2011 .
the inclusion criteria were hospitalisation at hjpii , age 12 years old and
laboratory - confirmed vl by one of ... | clinical and laboratory risk factors for death from visceral leishmaniasis ( vl ) are
relatively known , but quantitative real - time polymerase chain reaction ( qpcr ) might
assess the role of parasite load in determining clinical outcome .
the aim of this
study was to identify risk factors , including parasit... |
electroless coatings have gained wide acceptance due to their excellent corrosion and wear resistance properties .
electroless coating , also known as chemical or autocatalytic coating , is a nongalvanic plating method that involves several simultaneous chemical reactions in an aqueous solution , which occur without ... | this paper aims to present an experimental investigation for optimum tribological behavior ( wear depth and coefficient of friction ) of electroless ni - p - cu coatings based on four process parameters using artificial bee colony algorithm .
experiments are carried out by utilizing the combination of three coating p... |
this clinical trial study was conducted among children who volunteered for adenoidectomy in isfahan , the second large city in iran from may to december 2009 .
the study population were comprised of 90 prepubescent children ( 45 normal - weight and 45 overweight children ) , aged between 4 - 10 years old , who volunt... | background : this trial study aimed to assess the effects of adenoidectomy on the markers of endothelial function and inflammation in normal - weight and overweight prepubescent children with obstructive sleep apnea ( osa).methods : this trial study was conducted in isfahan , iran in 2009 .
the study population was c... |
dentinogenesis imperfecta ( di ) is described as a localized form of mesodermal dysplasia observed in histodifferentiation and corresponds to a congenital hereditary change involving deciduous and permanent teeth .
roberts and schonr were the first to use the term di , describing it as a condition similar to that fou... | dentinogenesis imperfecta ( di ) is an inherited disorder affecting dentin .
defective dentin formation results in discolored teeth that are prone to attrition and fracture .
mutation in dentin sialophosphoprotein ( dspp ) has been found to cause the dentin disorders di - i and ii ( shields ii and iii ) .
early d... |
lung cancer is usually suspected in individuals who have an abnormal chest radiograph results or symptoms caused by either local or systemic tumor effects .
chest x - ray and computer tomography ( ct ) scans are widely used . positron emission tomography ( pet )
additionally , it is used when doctors require more i... | background .
currently , few rebiopsies are performed in relapses of advanced non - small cell lung cancer .
they are not customary in clinical practice of lung cancer .
however , it is not possible to properly target treatments in cases of relapse without knowing the nature of new lesions . design .
this paper... |
it is well known that angiotensin ii ( ang ii ) mediates its physiological functions via two main receptor subtypes , the type 1 ( at1r ) and type 2 ( at2r ) angiotensin receptors where it has similar affinity for both the at1r and at2r . however , there is now increasing evidence suggesting that angiotensin peptides o... | angiotensin ( 1 - 7 ) ( ang ( 1 - 7 ) ) causes vasodilator effects in wistar - kyoto ( wky ) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats ( shrs ) via angiotensin type 2 receptors ( at2r ) .
however , the role of vascular at2r in aging is not known .
therefore , we examined the effect of aging on ang ( 1 - 7)-mediated ... |
the world health organization ( who ) defines malnutrition as the cellular imbalance between the supply of nutrients and energy and the body 's demand for them to ensure growth , maintenance , and specific functions .
undernutrition could be primary ( not consuming adequate calories , e.g. , poverty , etc . , ) or se... | objectives : this study was done to determine the effect of malnutrition on mortality in pediatric intensive care unit ( picu ) and on the pediatric risk of mortality ( prism ) scoring.subjects and methods : this was a prospective study done over 1 year .
there were total 400 patients ( 1 month 14 years ) , who were ... |
d(at)15-dna wrapped swcnts previously found
to selectively detect
nitric oxide in vitro were prepared and
introduced to cultures of a375 melanoma cells ( see supporting information methods ) .
the swcnt concentration was
quantified via absorbance spectroscopy , and a concentration of 2 g / ml
was diluted in... | fluorescent nanosensor probes have
suffered from limited molecular
recognition and a dearth of strategies for spatial - temporal operation
in cell culture . in this work , we spatially imaged the dynamics of
nitric oxide ( no ) signaling , important in numerous pathologies and
physiological functions , using ... |
in this prospective , cross - sectional controlled study , a total of 200 consecutive children with iron deficiency and/or iron deficiency anemia were referred to the neurology and pediatrics departments of the medical faculty of bezmialem vakf university , istanbul , turkey between january and june 2013 .
the ethics... | objective : to examine the incidence of restless legs syndrome ( rls ) among children with iron deficiency , or iron deficiency anemia , or both , and the relationship between rls prevalence and serum ferritin levels.methods:this prospective , cross - sectional , case controlled study was carried out between january an... |
in the previous issue of critical care , zhao and colleagues applied a method based on electrical impedance tomography ( eit ) to help select the positive end - expiratory pressure ( peep ) that minimized ventilation inhomogeneities in healthy lungs .
several methods , including those based on global mechanics , ar... | selection of the optimal positive end - expiratory pressure ( peep ) to avoid ventilator - induced lung injury in patients under mechanical ventilation is still a matter of debate .
many methods are available , but none is considered the gold standard . in the previous issue of critical care , zhao and
colleagues a... |
gallstone disease is very common in the united states and western europe with a prevalence of around 10% . however
while mirizzi syndrome means compression of the common bile duct by a jammed gallstone in the cystic duct leading to biliary obstruction , bouveret 's syndrome causes gastric outlet obstruction by a gall... | the case of a 77-year - old woman with symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction is presented .
transabdominal ultrasonography findings were suspicious of bouveret 's syndrome .
upper endoscopy confirmed this diagnosis .
bouveret 's syndrome is a rare complication of gallstone disease caused by a bilioenteric fistul... |
the world health organization recognizes low - frequency noise ( lfn ) as an environmental problem .
lfns ranging from 20 to 300 hz are emitted by a broad variety of sources including diverse means of transportation , in particular lorries , buses , trains , trams , airplanes , and helicopters ; industrial machinery... | objectives : evaluation of the effect of low - frequency noise ( lfn ) on the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in the bone marrow cells and on the content of low - molecular - weight dna ( lmwdna ) in the blood plasma of rats.materials and methods : a total of 96 male wistar rats were exposed to either single ( 17 ... |
for decades , metal - porcelain restorations have represented the majority of tooth - colored laboratory - fabricated restorations due to their low cost when compared with metal - free restorations , easy cementation technique , and excellent clinical performance . as a result of the high cost of precious alloys and ad... | purposethis study was to evaluate the effect of grinding of the inner metal surface during the porcelain try - in stage on metal - porcelain bonding considering the maximum temperature and the vibration of samples.materials and methodsninety - one square prism - shaped ( 1 1 1.5 mm ) nickel - chrome cast frameworks 0... |
myxomas are rare histologically benign tumors of mesenchymal origin , usually found in the heart .
the left ventricle of the heart is the most frequent location , with the thigh and shoulder comprising other frequent soft tissue sites3 ) .
these tumors are locally aggressive and can be recurrent if en bloc resectio... | myxomas are rare benign tumors that originate from mesenchymal tissue .
they usually develop in the atrium of the heart , the skin , subcutaneous tissue , or bone .
involvement of the skull base with an intracranial extension is very rare and not well - described in the literature .
we report a rare case of prima... |
providing quantitative and accurate information for medical diagnosis , magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) plays an essential role in medical imaging .
mri has several advantages over other medical imaging techniques regarding its multiple applications , namely , for cardiovascular , musculoskeletal , and , in partic... | this paper presents a novel method for glioblastoma ( gbm ) feature extraction based on gaussian mixture model ( gmm ) features using mri .
we addressed the task of the new features to identify gbm using t1 and t2 weighted images ( t1-wi , t2-wi ) and fluid - attenuated inversion recovery ( flair ) mr images .
a pa... |
, des plaines , il , usa ) are approved for the treatment of simple myopia and more recently for keratoconus and post - refractive surgery ectasia.1 the procedure is considered a simple and safe intervention ; however it can still be associated with complications .
complications such as corneal perforation can occur ... | intrastromal corneal ring segments ( intacs ) implantation for mild myopia or keratoconus is simple and effective in most cases . rarely , major complications can occur due to implantation . in this case report
, we present two examples of possible intraoperative and postoperative complications of intacs .
the firs... |
eight long - term ( > 10 months ) ovariectomized shiba goats were used , and 4 of these
animals were assigned to both groups .
there was at least 5 months between treatment of
goats with tak-683 in the treatment group and reassignment of the goats to the control
group .
the goats were fed a standard pelleted ... | abstract the aim of the present study was to determine if the estradiol - induced luteinizing
hormone ( lh ) surge is influenced by the constant exposure to tak-683 , an
investigational metastin / kisspeptin analog , that had been established to depress the
pulsatile gonadotropin - releasing hormone ( gnrh ) and ... |
bone metastasis is a source of significant pain , functional disability , and poor quality of life ( qol ) in patients with metastatic castration - resistant prostate cancer ( crpc ) .
systemic chemotherapy , bisphosphonates , and radiation therapy ( rt ) are the effective measures of palliating symptoms associated w... | backgrounda meta - analysis was conducted to assess the impact of radiopharmaceuticals ( rps ) in castration - resistant prostate cancer ( crpc ) on pain control , symptomatic skeletal events ( sses ) , toxicity profile , quality of life ( qol ) , and overall survival ( os).materials and methodsthe pubmed / medline , c... |
the standard treatment for the human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv)/acquired immunodeficiency disease recommended by the world health organization includes at least three drugs in combination : two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and one protease inhibitor ( pi ) or non - nucleoside reverse transcriptase inh... | backgroundthe intestinal cytochrome p450 3a ( cyp 3a ) and p - glycoprotein ( p - gp ) present a barrier to the oral absorption of saquinavir ( sqv ) .
resveratrol ( resv ) has been indicated to have modulatory effects on p - gp and cyp 3a .
therefore , this study was to investigate the effects of resv on p - gp an... |
one of the problems in the scope of dentistry is postoperative complications ; the most common ones are pain , bleeding , swelling and trismus .
precise assessment and control of these symptoms , especially pain , is very effective to gain patient 's comfort.1 pain is a series of unpleasant psycho - physiological exp... | background : the need to relieve pain and inflammation after periodontal surgery and the side effects of systemic drugs and advantages of topical drugs , made us to evaluate the effect of diclofenac mouthwash on periodontal postoperative pain.methods:in this double - blind , randomized clinical trial study 20 quadrants... |
caecal tumors are rare but have insidious onset and can not easily be diagnosed with barium enema and colonoscopy .
the caecum is the dilated part of the right colon situated in the right iliac fossa .
the etiology of tumor in this part of the colon may be similar to the tumor in the other parts of the colon .
co... | colorectal tumors are rare in the developing countries but common in the civilized world . with the event of westernization of the diet
, the incidence is increasing in the developing countries such as nigeria .
caecal tumors present late because of the anatomical features of this part of colon .
the tumors in th... |
according to results of the pre - census house count conducted in 2011 , it is among the fastest growing megacities in the world and perhaps the fastest growing if measured by the annual increment in the population .
its estimated 2010 population of 15.4 million is projected to reach 18.04 million by 2015 .
9 per ... | karachi is one of the world s fastest growing large cities .
this paper describes the complex processes by which land is ( formally and informally ) made available for housing ( and for commercial development ) , as well as who benefits and how the low - income majority of karachi citizens lose out .
it also descr... |
cell culture - h9c2 ( 2 - 1 ) cells [ american type culture collection
( atcc ) : crl-1446 ) ] are an embryonic rat ventricular cell line . these cells were grown
and maintained in dulbecco s modified eagle medium ( dmem ) supplemented with 10% foetal
bovine serum ( fbs ) and 100 g / ml penicillin / streptomycin ... | chagas disease , caused by the intracellular protozoan trypanosoma
cruzi , is a serious health problem in latin america . during this
parasitic infection ,
the heart is one of the major organs affected .
the pathogenesis
of tissue remodelling , particularly regarding cardiomyocyte behaviour after parasite
i... |
developing new drugs
has become an increasingly challenging , costly ,
and risky endeavor with a low success rate . the vast majority of drugs
evaluated in clinical trials do not reach the market due to either
a lack of efficacy or unacceptable side effects .
drug development is a fine balance of optimizing d... | drug development has a high attrition
rate , with poor pharmacokinetic
and safety properties a significant hurdle .
computational approaches
may help minimize these risks .
we have developed a novel approach
( pkcsm ) which uses graph - based signatures to develop predictive models
of central admet proper... |
the respiratory system is a complex organ system composed of multiple cell types involved in a variety of functions .
the development of the respiratory system occurs from embryogenesis to adult life , passing through several distinct stages of maturation and growth .
we review embryonic , fetal , and postnatal pha... | |
adequate treatment and support of these people is a major challenge for the health care system . among the specific challenges , the early detection of symptomatic dementia as well as the integration of the patients into the existing structures
the majority of people with dementia live at home1 and more than 99% of p... | backgroundthere is evidence about the benefits of early detection of dementia and subsequent provision of adequate treatment and care . however , there is a lack of knowledge about the acceptance of detection and intervention procedures .
these analyses describe the attitudes of general physicians [ gps ] toward 1 ) ... |
idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome ( iscls ) is an extremely rare condition characterized by the triad of cyclical and episodic hypotension , hemoconcentration and hypoalbuminemia 1 .
iscls is a diagnosis of exclusion that without appropriate management has a significant morbidity and mortality 1 .
we repo... | key clinical messageidiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome is a potentially fatal disorder that is under diagnosed .
it commonly presents as recurrent undifferentiated shock with hypotension , hypoalbuminemia and hemoconcentration .
there are three distinct phases that define the syndrome ; prodromal , extrav... |
the resin - to - enamel bond following etching of the enamel surface with phosphoric acid was first described by buonocore in 1955 .
it has been suggested that etching duration is a factor that can influence the bond to enamel [ 25 ] , but the optimal enamel etching time varies depending on several parameters namely ... | objectives : the aim of this in - vitro study was to assess the thermal effect of light emitting diode ( led ) light curing unit on the enamel etching time.materials and methods : three treatment groups with 15 enamel specimens each were used in this study : g1 : fifteen seconds of etching , g2 : five seconds of etchin... |
in recent decades , guided bone regeneration ( gbr ) procedures have been commonly performed to repair bone defect due to pathologic lesions or to augment alveolar bone for dental implant treatment . in the gbr procedure , the role of barrier membrane is crucial for proper bone regeneration .
it can prevent in - grow... | many kinds of membrane have been used for the guided bone regeneration ( gbr ) technique . however , most membranes do not fulfill all requirements for the ideal membrane for the gbr technique . among them , collagen membrane has been most widely used . however , its high price and weak tensile strength in wet conditio... |
titanium and its alloys are regarded as one of the most promising materials for orthopedic biomedical implants and are considered as an alternative to conventionally used stainless steel due to their low elastic modulus , low density , higher corrosion resistance , and superior biocompatibility.1,2 the conventional ti-... | development of submicrocrystalline structure in biomedical alloy such as ti-13nb-13zr ( in wt% ) through warm - rolling process has been found to enhance mechanical properties compared to conventional thermomechanical processing routes including hot - rolling process .
the present study investigated the tribological ... |
muscle contraction and , therefore , all exercise are dependent on the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate ( atp ) and the concomitant release of free energy ( 1 ) . this free energy release is coupled to the energy requirements of cell work , of which muscle contraction is just one example
( 1)atpatpaseadp+pi+ener... | high - intensity exercise can result in up to a 1,000-fold increase in the rate of atp demand compared to that at rest ( newsholme et al . , 1983 ) .
to sustain muscle contraction , atp needs to be regenerated at a rate complementary to atp demand .
three energy systems function to replenish atp in muscle : ( 1 ) p... |
diarrhea remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in children up to 5 years of age in developing countries , where it ranks the first or second most common cause of death.12 preschool children in these countries have diarrhea for about 35 70 days each year3 and some studies4 have shown that they may have up to... | objective : to determine the incidence , characteristics and the different factors associated with diarrhea events reported at the primary health care ( phc ) level in children under five years of age.material and methods : all reported cases of diarrhea in children under 5 in the primary health care ( phc ) center of ... |
alone , it accounts for 14% of global maternal deaths , with an estimated 36,698 maternal deaths in 2013 .
this burden is disproportionate , as nigeria represents only 2% of the global population.1,2 although some improvements in the abysmal maternal mortality situation in the country have been recorded over the past... | purposeskilled attendance at birth is a proven intervention to improve maternal and newborn health outcomes .
unfortunately , in nigeria there are many women who give birth alone , with no one present ( nop ) .
the purpose of this study was to document trends in women delivering with nop between 2003 and 2013 , and... |
a 37-year - old woman with diabetes mellitus visited the clinic to screen for retinopathy complaining poor vision .
right eye of the woman with circumferential iris ectropion ( a ) , foveal hypoplasia ( b ) , and absence of foveal avascular zone in fluorescein angiography ( c ) . left eye of the woman with circumfere... | congenital aniridia is a kind of eye disease characterized by complete or partial hypoplasia of the iris and is associated with other ocular anomalies including corneal opacity , glaucoma , and foveal hypoplasia .
heterozygous mutation of paired box 6 ( pax6 ) gene was identified in most cases of aniridia , with iatr... |
sudan virus ( genus ebolavirus ) is lethal , yet no monoclonal antibody is known to neutralize it . here
we describe antibody 16f6 that neutralizes sudan virus and present its structure bound to the trimeric viral glycoprotein .
unexpectedly , the 16f6 epitope overlaps that of kz52 , the only other antibody against... | |
we present a case of acute gastric band slippage with gastric necrosis and massive haemoperitoneum necessitating an emergency laparotomy , gastrectomy and splenectomy .
the patient had a swedish adjustable gastric band inserted laparoscopically using the pars flaccida technique several years earlier without complicat... | we present a case of acute gastric band slippage with gastric necrosis and massive haemoperitoneum necessitating an emergency surgery .
the patient presented with an 8h history of dysphagia , vomiting and epigastric pain .
initial examination was unremarkable , but within 6h the patient suddenly deteriorated with a... |
medulloblastoma is a malignant , invasive embryonal tumor of the cerebellum with preferential manifestation in children , accounting for 16% of all pediatric brain tumors and 40% of childhood cerebellar tumors .
however , a purely extra - axial position at the cerebellopontine ( cp ) angle as reported in this paper i... | with only 33 cases reported so far , a purely extra - axial position of medulloblastoma at cerebellopontine ( cp ) angle is quite exceptional .
we report a case of extra - axial medulloblastoma in a 15-year - old male child located in the cp angle that was surgically treated with a provisional diagnosis of schwannoma... |
the evidence of dengue virus neurotropism and complications has been slowly rising over the last decade .
guillain barre syndrome ( gbs ) , myelitis , acute disseminated encephalomyelitis , myositis , and neuropathy are relatively uncommon complications of dengue .
hypokalemic quadriparesis is a very rare complica... | dengue infection is the leading cause of illness and death in tropical and subtropical regions of the world .
the common complications associated with dengue fever are usual hematological abnormalities , shock , and organ failure .
the neurological complications of dengue are uncommon .
however , evidence of deng... |
a promoter database can be generated from a combination of genome sequence , information of promoter positions and a list of cis - regulatory elements .
currently a major restriction on the quality of a promoter database is our limited knowledge of cis - elements .
there are several established genome - wide plant ... | ppdb ( http://www.ppdb.gene.nagoya-u.ac.jp ) is a plant promoter database that provides promoter annotation of arabidopsis and rice .
the database contains information on promoter structures , transcription start sites ( tsss ) that have been identified from full - length cdna clones and also a vast amount of tss tag... |
the recent publication of three meta - analyses has intensified the long - standing debate regarding the merits of colloids to expand the plasma space in critically ill patients .
two of these meta - analyses concluded that excess mortality was associated with the use of colloids generally and of albumin specific... | three meta - analyses have recently been reported on the relationship between choice of resuscitation fluid and risk of mortality in critically ill patients . the relative risk of death ( 1.16 - 1.19 ) in two of the meta - analyses was slightly higher in colloid than crystalloid recipients ; however , this observation ... |
asthma is a chronic disease and is one of the major global health problems ( 1 ) which is characterized by inflammation of the airways , variable and recurring airflow obstruction , the airway walls swelling , mucus plug formation , and bronchial hyper responsiveness to physical and pharmacological stimuli ( 2 ) .
di... | objective(s):the effects of curcuma longa ( c. longa ) and curcumin on total and differential wbc count and oxidant , antioxidant biomarkers , in rat model of asthma were evaluated.materials and methods : total and differential wbc count in the blood , no2 , no3 , mda , sod , cat and thiol levels in serum were examined... |
transdural nerve root entrapment in the intervertebral disc space after incidental durotomy during lumbar disc surgery very rarely causes severe recurring radiating pain .
there are several methods for the repair of dural tear including primary repair , tissue sealant , blood patch , and tissue grafting10 ) .
we ha... | four patients underwent lumbar surgery . in all four patients , the dura was minimally torn during the operation . however , none exhibited signs of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage . in each case , a few days after the operation , the patient suddenly experienced severe recurring pain in the leg .
repeat ma... |
over the past decade , prescription drug misuse has increased significantly in the u.s . [ 1 , 2 ] and is most prevalent among young adults 18 to 25 years of age [ 2 , 3 ] .
prescription opioids , such as hydrocodone and oxycodone , are the most frequently misused class of prescription drug among young adults .
pre... | background .
prescription opioids are the most frequently misused class of prescription drug among young adults aged 1825 , yet trajectories of opioid misuse and escalation are understudied .
we sought to model opioid misuse patterns and relationships between opioid misuse , sociodemographic factors , and other sub... |
although , in 2010 , malaria caused 660,000 deaths mostly among african countries , malaria mortality rates are gradually falling and have reduced by more than 33% in africa . in ghana ,
about 32.5% of all outpatient attendance and 48.8% admissions of children under the age of 5 are due to malaria . for decades ,
c... | our aim was to measure the adherence to artemisinin based combination therapy and to determine patient related factors that affect adherence .
three hundred ( 300 ) patients receiving act treatment dispensed from the community pharmacy were randomly selected and followed up on the fourth day after the start of their ... |
bowel problems , such as constipation and distension , occur in 27%62% of patients with spinal cord injuries .
acute abdominal pathology might be difficult to diagnose in a spinal cord injury patient due to its indolent course .
cecal volvulus is axial twisting that involves the cecum , terminal ileum , and ascendi... | introductioncecal bascule is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction associated with upward and anterior folding of the ascending colon .
we report three patients who presented with spinal cord injury complicated with a cecal bascule .
diagnosis and management of cecal bascule is discussed.presentation of casespatie... |
myosin binding protein - c ( mybp - c ) is a regulatory and structural protein located in the a - bands of vertebrate striated muscle sarcomeres .
the n - terminus of cardiac ( c ) mybp - c is important for mediating the regulatory functions of cmybp - c and is composed of 3 immunoglobulin ( ig)like domains ( c0 , c1... | cardiac myosin binding protein - c ( cmybp - c ) is an accessory protein found in the a - bands of vertebrate sarcomeres and mutations in the cmybp - c gene are a leading cause of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy .
the regulatory functions of cmybp - c have been attributed to the n - terminus of the protein , whi... |
the descend of testis from a temporary intra - abdominal site in fetal life to the permanent scrotal location after birth is crucial to spermatogenesis in mature testis .
it is largely believed that disrupted endocrine regulation and several gene defects may play a role in the process .
nevertheless , the first pha... | the aim of this study was to measure the serum amh ( anti - mullerian hormone ) concentrations in a group of boys with or without cryptorchidism , evaluation of karyotypes , testicular position , morphology , and major length of the undescended testes .
fifty boys who were 14 years old ( median = 2.4 years ) with... |
cerebrospinal puncture is an important procedure for diagnosis of some critical conditions such as subarachnoid hemorrhage and central nervous system infections .
lp is routinely carried out with the patient in the supine or lateral decubitus position using two techniques .
traditional technique uses tuffier 's lin... | background : lumbar puncture ( lp ) is an essential procedure in the diagnosis and treatment of several critical situations .
this procedure is routinely performed by palpating external landmarks to find the most appropriate inter - spinous space . in the current study , we compared surface landmark and ultrasound ( ... |
the laparoscopic roux - en - y gastric bypass ( lrgb ) is currently the preferred procedure in the management of severely obese patients . with increasing numbers of operated patients , late complications
internal hernias are the main cause of late postoperative morbidity , causing abdominal discomfort and sometimes ... | backgroundbowel obstruction due to internal hernia is a well - known complication of laparoscopic roux - en - y gastric bypass ( lrgb ) .
increasing evidence supports primary closing of the mesenteric defects , but controversy continues about surgical technique of systematic closure .
this paper reviews our experie... |
physical activity ( pa ) has been accepted internationally as an important factor for the
protection and improvement of health in pregnant women as well as in the general
population1 .
recent studies showed the
beneficial effects of pa during pregnancy on the risks of gestational diabetes mellitus ,
preeclamp... | [ purpose ] the aim of this study was to translate the pregnancy physical activity
questionnaire into turkish and test its reliability and validity among turkish pregnant
women . [ subjects and methods ] the subjects were 204 healthy , single pregnant women between
the ages 18 and 40 who volunteered to participat... |
misfit at cementation38 results in open margins , increasing the risk of recurrent caries , plaque accumulation and periodontal disease .
several clinical and laboratorial procedures to improve crown seating have been described : chemical or internal relief of castings30,34 , occlusal venting of crowns2,3,16,34 , the... | microleakage can be related to margin misfit .
also , traditional microleakage techniques are time - consuming .
this study evaluated the existence of correlation between in vitro margin fit and a new microleakage technique for complete crowns cemented with 3 different luting agents .
thirty human premolars were ... |
idiopathic inflammatory myopathies ( iim ) encompass three subsets : dermatomyositis ( dm ) , polymyositis ( pm ) , and sporadic inclusion body myositis ( ibm ) with distinct immunopathological patterns . in dm , complement deposition on endomysial capillaries , loss of microvessels , and mainly perivascular inflammati... | objective . to investigate expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) antiangiogenic isoform a-165b on human muscle in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies ( iim ) and to compare distribution of angiogenic / antiangiogenic vegfs , as isoforms shifts are described in other autoimmune disorders .
subjects ... |
fresh leaves of a marmelos were collected from the botanical garden of guru nanak dev university , amritsar in the months of march - april , authenticated at department of botanical and environmental sciences , guru nanak dev university , amritsar and a voucher specimen is deposited in the herbarium of the same departm... | therapeutic management of cancer is a great clinical challenge and alternative medicines are being extensively explored to have integrated approach to cure cancer .
aegle marmelos ( l. ) correa ( rutaceae ) is known for its hypoglycaemic , radioprotective , antidiarrhoeal and many other pharmacological activities .
... |
phospholipids containing various polar headgroups and acyl chains
are essential building blocks of biological membranes .
lamellar phospholipid
bilayer structures have been widely studied with various experimental
and theoretical techniques as a simple model for cellular membranes .
phospholipid molecules are... | phospholipids
are essential building blocks of biological membranes .
despite a vast amount of very accurate experimental data ,
the atomistic
resolution structures sampled by the glycerol backbone and choline
headgroup in phoshatidylcholine bilayers are not known .
atomistic
resolution molecular dynamics... |
coronary artery ectasia ( cae ) is defined as coronary artery dilatation with a diameter of 1.5 times or more than that of the adjacent normal coronary artery.1 ) but the incidence of multivessel coronary artery aneurysms ( mcaa ) among patients undergoing coronary artery angiography is very rare.2 ) as a matter of fac... | the incidence of multivessel coronary artery ectasias ( caes ) among patients undergoing coronary artery angiography is very rare .
all three coronary vessels can be affected by cae , but most patients have an isolated arterial ectasia , commonly the right coronary artery . in this report we present two cases with in... |
to explore new mothers ' knowledge of newborn screening , and their attitudes towards issues surrounding sample retention and the potential for blood screening samples to be used for research .
a self - administered mail survey was sent to women who gave birth in perth , western australia during january 2005 .
it w... | aimto explore new mothers ' knowledge of newborn screening , and their attitudes towards issues surrounding sample retention and the potential for blood screening samples to be used for research.methodsa self - administered mail survey was sent to women who gave birth in perth , western australia during january 2005 . ... |
uveitis results from a wide variety of infectious and non - infectious insults , and it often presents a difficult challenge in terms of etiology and treatment . it is estimated that more than 280,000 people in the us are affected by uveitis each year , and it is responsible for up to 10% of all cases of blindness .
... | purposethe purpose of this study is to elicit the role of oral low - dose sirolimus as a corticosteriod - sparing agent for active uveitis.methodsa retrospective , interventional case series was performed by reviewing the clinical records of all patients treated with oral , low - dose sirolimus ( 14 mg daily ) for sev... |
an important goal of community ecology is to illuminate the processes governing the assembly and coexistence of species ( hardy , 2008 ) .
because phenotypes are not randomly distributed with respect to phylogeny , we should expect a direct link to exist between the evolutionary relatedness of organisms in a communit... | since phylogenetic data provide the evolutionary history of the species and traits are the result of adaptation to the environmental conditions , joint analysis of these two aspects and ecological data may illuminate that how ecological processes affect the evolution of species and assembly of communities . in this stu... |
although pregnancy and childbirth are often viewed as periods of emotional well - being , the perinatal period is a time of substantial vulnerability to affective illness .
pregnancy is a period of great disruption and adjustment of biological , psychological and social aspects , which can be a risk factor for the de... | background : prior studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding the link between antenatal depressive and anxiety symptomatology , with neonatal outcomes.objectives:the aim of the present study was to assess the possible association of prenatal depressive and anxiety symptoms , in the third trimester of pregna... |
visual resolution decreases rapidly outside the foveal center .
the anatomical and physiological basis for this reduction is unclear .
we used simultaneous adaptive optics imaging and psychophysical testing to measure cone spacing and resolution across the fovea , and show resolution is limited by cone spacing only... | |
chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) is characterized by a progressive loss of renal function that often leads to end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) , high risk for cardiovascular disease , and high mortality .
ckd is a growing global health problem due to increased prevalence worldwide . in the united states ,
the preva... | chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) has been recognized as a significant global health problem because of the increased risk of total and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality .
vitamin d deficiency or insufficiency is common in patients with ckd , and serum levels of vitamin d appear to have an inverse correlation with ... |
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\begin{document}$$ { \hbox{... | anatomical global spatial normalization ( agsn ) is presented as a method to scale high - resolution brain images to control for variability in brain size without altering the mean size of other brain structures .
two types of mean preserving scaling methods were investigated , shape preserving and shape standardi... |
meningoencephaloceles are defined as herniation of brain tissue through a defect of the skull and can be classified according to their location21 ) .
common areas are occipital , cranial vault , fronto - ethmoidal and posterior fossa encephaloceles , while basal encephaloceles account for only 1.5% of cases6 ) .
th... | this case report describes the symptoms and clinical course of a 35-year - old female patient who was diagnosed with a temporo - sphenoidal encephalocele .
it is characterized by herniation of cerebral tissue of the temporal lobe through a defect of the skull base localized in the middle fossa . at the time of first ... |
an 83-year - old female patient was admitted with left knee pain and no history of disease . she had osteoarthritis in both knees and underwent bilateral tka .
the left knee was replaced 23 years ago and the right was replaced 7 years ago .
the radiograph showed severe femorotibial compartment narrowing in the left... | patellar tendon rupture is a catastrophic complication following total knee arthroplasty ( tka ) . though revision tka has been suspected of being a predisposing factor for the occurrence of patellar tendon rupture , there are few reports on patellar tendon rupture after revision tka . here , we present a case of acute... |
the proteasome inhibitor ( pi ) bortezomib is used as a first- and second - line treatment of multiple myeloma ( mm ) ( anderson et al . , 2011 ) .
2012 ) main function is to degrade ubiquitinated proteins in a controlled manner ( bedford et al .
proteasomes are comprised of a cylindrical core particle ( cp ) cappe... | the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is used to treat multiple myeloma ( mm ) .
bortezomib inhibits protein degradation by inactivating proteasomes ' active - sites .
mm cells are exquisitely sensitive to bortezomib exhibiting a low - nanomolar ic50 suggesting that minimal inhibition of degradation suffices to kil... |
medullary thyroid carcinoma ( mtc ) is an undifferentiated , neuroendocrine tumor which arises from the parafollicular cells or ccells of the thyroid gland .
the particular characteristic of this tumor is the production of calcitonin 1 as well as acth , histaminase , corticotrophin , vasoactive intestinal peptide , s... | key clinical messagesporadic medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is a relatively uncommon entity and at the time of diagnosis , most already present locoregional metastasis .
therapy should be aggressive to reduce recurrence and mortality .
followup period should continue lifelong and should also include calcium / p... |
cancer and ischemic stroke share many risk factors that lead to increased risk of stroke in cancer patients .
a report of autopsies performed on cancer patients indicated that 14.6% patients had evidence of pathological cerebrovascular disease and 7.4% had clinical symptoms of stroke.1 however , only 3.5% of cancer p... | background and purposestroke is common among cancer patients .
however , risk factors and biomarkers of stroke in cancer patients are not well established .
this study aimed to investigate risk factors and biomarkers as well as etiology of ischemic stroke in cancer patients.methodsa retrospective review was conduct... |
the data was collected from april to may , 2014 at orthopedic in - patient department of a tertiary care teaching hospital , guwahati , assam .
the institutional ethical committee permission was taken to conduct this study ( iec approval no .
patients who received analgesics in orthopedics ward during study period ... | objectives : the aim of this study is to evaluate the prescribing pattern of analgesics and analyze the rational use of analgesic in orthopedic in - patient department of tertiary care teaching hospital , guwahati , assam.subjects and methods : an observational and cross - sectional study was carried out for 1 month fr... |
it is essential for embryonic development , proper segregation of chromosomes [ 1 , 2 ] , and a number of studies indicate it plays a role in both activation and repression of transcription [ 35 ] . aberrant h2a.z expression may also play a role in some human diseases , since it has been demonstrated to play ... | the p400 and srcap ( snf2-related cbp activator protein ) complexes remodel chromatin by catalyzing deposition of histone h2a.z into nucleosomes .
this remodeling activity has been proposed as a basis for regulation of transcription by these complexes .
transcript levels of p21 or sp1 mrnas after knockdown of p400 ... |
mesenteric intra - abdominal cystic lesions have been recently classified on the basis of histopathological features .
cysts of mesothelial origin are rare lesions seen more frequently in young and middle - aged women , mostly benign and located in the mesenteries or omentum .
what makes our particular case interes... | a 34-year - old man was admitted in our department with a 3 months history of epigastric pain , abdominal distension and tenderness .
helical computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed a 10 cm low - density fluid - filled polilobate cystic lesion with internal septations and calcifications located... |
staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of community - acquired and nosocomial infections , including localised and systemic life - threatening conditions , such as osteomyelitis , endocarditis , pneumonia , and septicaemia . despite the increasing morbidity and mortality due to staphylococcal infections , relatively li... | as a facultative intracellular pathogen , staphylococcus aureus invades macrophages and then promotes the cytoprotection of infected cells thus stabilizing safe niche for silent persistence .
this process occurs through the upregulation of crucial antiapoptotic
genes , in particular , myeloid cell leukemia-1 ( mcl-... |
herbal medicine is the oldest form of health care known to humanity and has been used in all cultures throughout history .
primitive people learned by trial and error to distinguish useful plants with beneficial effects from those that were toxic or nonactive . even in cultures , tribal people methodically collected ... | rauwolfia vomitoria is a plant used for the treatment of insanity .
the possible adverse effects of crude ethanolic root bark and leaf extract of the plant on nissl substances of albino wistar rat fetuses were studied using 25 mature female wistar rats .
the animals were divided equally into 5 groups , labeled a , ... |
treatment options using implants can be mainly divided into fixed types and removable types in edentulous patients.1 the appropriate type should be determined by considering the radiographic findings , the intra - oral examination , the diagnostic cast , and the patient 's demand in the diagnostic stage , and by assess... | various options have been introduced for the selection of implant overdenture attachments .
attachment wear due to the repeated insertion and removal of dentures has caused problems such as decreased retention and the requirement for suprastructure remanufacturing . in these cases ,
a locator bar system was applied... |
modified bases in dna pose a severe threat for genome integrity , ( figure 1 ) .
dna could be directly damaged by environmental factors such as ionizing radiation , chemical mutagens or endogenous factors , such as oxidative stress and inflammation [ 24 ] .
many of these factors also damage nucleotides in dna p... | base analogs are powerful antimetabolites and dangerous mutagens generated endogenously by oxidative stress , inflammation , and aberrant nucleotide biosynthesis .
human inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase ( itpa ) hydrolyzes triphosphates of noncanonical purine bases ( i.e. , itp , ditp , xtp , dxtp , or their mimi... |
the genus caralluma ( c. ) belongs to the family asclepiadaceae ( also known as the milk weed family ) which comprises some 200 genera and 2500 species .
the medicinal properties of c. species include antihyperglycemic activity of c. attenuata , while c. tuberculata also offered protection against mucosal damage of s... | caralluma is a plant that possessing a great therapeutic potential in folk medicine in yemen , namely , caralluma penicillata ( c. penicillata ) as antiulcer .
the study aims to evaluate the anti - inflammatory properties and gastritis protection activity of c. penicillata against indomethacin in adult guinea pigs ... |
in 2011 , four different categories of food products in france that were marketed by the food industry were identified as containing raw pork liver out sold to consumers to be eaten after cooking .
these 4 categories were 1 ) figatellu and fitone , 2 ) dried salted liver , 3 ) quenelle and quenelle paste , and 4 ) dr... | food products containing raw pork liver are suspected to be vehicles for transmission of hepatitis e virus .
four categories of food products , comprising 394 samples , were analyzed to determine hepatitis e virus prevalence .
virus was detected in 3%30% of the different categories .
phylogenetic analysis showed ... |
ureteropelvic junction obstruction ( upjo ) corresponds to a dilatation of the pyelocaliceal cavities that appears before an obstacle located at the ureteropelvic junction , which causes an increased pressure in the kidney , hydronephrosis and progressive deterioration of renal function .
it is considered the most co... | introductionthe treatment of ureteropelvic junction has evolved considerably over the past 20 years , resulting in new surgical techniques , but traditional open surgery remains the gold standard treatment .
currently , less invasive techniques are used for the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction .
the ... |
sarcomas are uncommon tumors , with < 8300 new cases reported in the united states in 2001 .
sarcomas of the genitourinary tract account for < 5% of these cases and < 2% of all urological tumors .
we herein review the literature and discuss how intratesticular leiomyosarcoma metastasized to the retroperitoneal spac... | a 70-year - old man presented with a left scrotal swelling .
a computed tomography scan showed an 8-cm left scrotal mass and no metastasis .
radical orchiectomy with high ligation of the spermatic cord was performed .
the tumor was classified as a high - grade leiomyosarcoma of the left testis .
an intensive fo... |
pure light chain deposition disease ( lcdd ) in kidney is classically described by the presence of nodular glomerulosclerosis by light microscopy , monoclonal deposits of light chains within renal basement membranes by immunofluorescence , and electron - dense , granular deposits along basement membranes by electron mi... | the morphological spectrum of light chain deposition disease ( lcdd ) may range from normal glomerular morphology to mesangio - proliferative to mesangio - capillary to nodular sclerosing patterns . due to the inconsistencies regarding treatment and the universally poor graft outcome of post - transplant lcdd
, it is... |
mucormycosis is a fungal infection with the following 5 classic forms : cutaneous , pulmonary , gastrointestinal , disseminated , and rhinocerebral .
we present a case of a 38-year - old man with invasive mucormycosis that led to a basilar artery territory stroke .
a 38-year - old man with a past medical history of... | backgroundmucormycosis is a fungal infection with the following 5 classic forms : cutaneous , pulmonary , gastrointestinal , disseminated , and rhinocerebral .
the rhinocerebral form can be rapidly progressive and invasive with a high mortality rate .
we present a case of a 38-year - old man with invasive mucormyco... |
henoch - schnlein purpura ( hsp ) is a systemic small vessel , leucocytoclastic vasculitis with deposition of immune complexes containing immunoglobulin a ( iga ) .
hsp is often considered the systemic form of iga nephropathy ( igan ) , a common glomerulonephritis characterized by diffuse mesangial deposition of abno... | henoch schnlein purpura ( hsp ) is a systemic small - vessel leucocytoclastic vasculitis with deposition of immune complexes containing immunoglobulin a ( iga ) .
iga nephropathy ( igan ) is a glomerulonephritis caused by mesangial deposition of iga .
the onset of hsp , but not igan , has been linked to influenza ... |
the discovery and development of new drugs for the treatment of diseases is a lengthy and costly process .
the drug development typically requires about 14 years , and studies demonstrated that by the year 2013 the cost to reach phase iii of clinical trials will be around $ 1.9 billion .
moreover , the number of dr... | the development of the field of materials science , the ability to perform multidisciplinary scientific work , and the need for novel administration technologies that maximize therapeutic effects and minimize adverse reactions to readily available drugs have led to the development of delivery systems based on microenca... |
a 45-year - old man of turkish extraction was referred to us for evaluation of hypokalaemia .
hypertension had been diagnosed about a year earlier and treatment with amlodipine 10 mg daily had been given .
serum potassium concentrations < 2.5 mmol / l had been observed 3 months earlier that were not associated with... | hypokalaemia in hypertensive patients is a
red flag bringing to mind various classic secondary and genetic causes related to both hypokalaemia and hypertension .
we encountered a patient who had an unusual cause for his disturbance that , to our knowledge , has not been described in hypertensive patients . |
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