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endoscopy is an essential procedure for the diagnosis of a gastrointestinal ( gi ) disease .
however , detection of premalignant and early malignant lesions in the inflamed stomach and intestine remains difficult . in recent years
, a range of innovative techniques have entered the endoscopic arena due to their abi... | confocal laser endomicroscopy ( cle ) is a new technology enabling endoscopists to visualize tissue at the cellular level .
cle has the fundamental potential to provide a histologic diagnosis , and may theoretically replace or reduce the need for performing biopsy for histology .
the clinical benefits of cle are mo... |
inflammatory bowel disease ( ibd ) is an immune based disorder that is more prevalent in caucasians .
osteoporosis ( low bone density ) is one of the most common and important consequences of inflammation in the bowel mucosa .
different clinical and epidemiological studies using dual - energy x - ray absorptiometry... | background different clinical and epidemiological studies using dual - energy x - ray absorptiometry have shown an increased prevalence of low bone mineral density in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases .
the aim of this study was to assess the correlation between bone density and the disease activity in patien... |
cell movement or motility is a highly dynamic phenomenon that is essential to a variety of biological processes such as the development of an organism ( morphogenesis ) , wound healing , cancer metastasis and immune response .
for example , during morphogenesis there is a targeted movement of dividing cells to specif... | cell movement is a complex phenomenon primarily driven by the actin network beneath the cell membrane , and can be divided into three general components : protrusion of the leading edge of the cell , adhesion of the leading edge and deadhesion at the cell body and rear , and cytoskeletal contraction to pull the cell fo... |
ruptured cerebral aneurysms are the most frequent cause ( ~80% ) of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage ( sah )
. delayed ischemic deficits ( dids ) due to cerebral vasospasm are still the major cause of death and disability following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage ( asah ) .
symptomatic vasospasm ( sv ) and ... | background : symptomatic vasospasm ( sv ) is often seen after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage ( asah ) .
the pathophysiology suggests that platelets initiate the process and are consumed .
this is likely to result in thrombocytopenia .
the objective of this study was to find out if thrombocytopenia preceded or... |
the guangzhou medical association ethics committee approved the gbcs , described previously ( 6 ) .
gbcs participants ( n = 30,519 ) underwent , after written consent , a half - day assessment , including structured interview and physical examination .
a nurse - led interview included questions on total sleep durat... | objectiveto examine the association between total sleep duration and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome ( metsyn ) in older chinese.research design and methodscross - sectional analysis of baseline data from the guangzhou biobank cohort study ( gbcs ) was performed .
participants ( n = 29,333 ) were aged 50 years .... |
a 28-years - old para three was referred to a tertiary care centre from a primary health centre on the eighth postoperative day of interval sterlization with complaints of gradually increasing abdominal distension causing respiratory difficulty , drowsiness , and inability to accept orally .
patient had undergone m... | iatrogenic bladder injury is a known complication of laparoscopic and gynecological surgeries with an incidence of 1.5 per 1000 cases .
urinary ascites is a result of undiagnosed iatrogenic bladder injury during pelvic surgeries .
we report a rare case of urinary ascites following mini lap tubectomy on the eighth p... |
marfan syndrome ( mfs ) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with skeletal , cardiac and ocular involvement .
mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene ( fbn1 ) on chromosome 15 are responsible for the development of mfs .
complete picture of the syndrome is age - dependant and seldom occurs in younger ages .
howeve... | backgroundneonatal marfan syndrome is a rare and severe phenotype of this disease .
a poor prognosis is anticipated due to the high probability of congestive heart failure , and mitral and tricuspid regurgitations with suboptimal response to medical therapy and difficulties in surgical management at an early age.case... |
henoch - schnlein purpura ( hsp ) , characterized by palpable purpura , gastrointestinal bleeding , arthritis or arthralgia , glomerulonephritis , and acute abdominal pain , is the most small vessel vasculitis in children [ 1 , 2 ] .
the annual incidence of hsp is approximately 1 per 5000 children aged 20 years , and... | henoch - schnlein purpura ( hsp ) is a common systemic small vessel vasculitis in children with disorder autoimmune responses .
t follicular helper ( tfh ) cells play crucial roles in regulating immune responses .
the aim of our study was to investigate the probable role of tfh cells in the pathogenesis of children... |
intact proprioception is a basic element in controlling movement1 , and joint position sense ( jps ) is an important body
function for recognizing the position of the joints and an essential factor in maintaining
balance or kinesthesis2 .
jps in the spine
is provided by the spinal ligaments , facet joints , and... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of lumbar joint
mobilization on the joint position sense ( jps ) of normal adults .
[ subjects ] a total of 30
normal adults were divided into an experimental group ( n = 15 ) and a control group ( n =
15 ) .
[ methods ] the experimental group... |
scotland has higher mortality rates than the rest of britain , higher mortality rates than all other western european countries and wider health inequalities than the rest of western europe.1
2 scotland 's mortality outcomes have not always , however , compared so badly.1 it is only from around 1950 onwards that the ... | backgroundmortality rates are higher in scotland relative to england and wales , even after accounting for deprivation .
this
excess mortality is partly due to higher mortality from alcohol - related and drug - related deaths , violence and suicide ( particularly in young adults ) .
this study investigated whethe... |
the
microenvironment inside of the pores of mesoporous silica nanoparticles
is probed using spectroscopic techniques .
the probe molecules are
sealed inside of the pores by a nanovalve system that is capable of
controlling the access to the pore and ensuring the exclusive probing
of the pore environment wit... | |
lumbar spinal arthrodesis is an increasingly common procedure with many variations on approach and technique.1 transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion ( tlif ) was introduced by harms and rolinger in 1982 and has become a popular method of lumbar spinal arthrodesis to treat a variety of disorders.2 tlif has the potentia... | study design
cadaveric biomechanical analysis.objective
the aim of this study was to compare three interbody cage shapes and their position within the interbody space with regards to construct stability for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.methods
twenty l2l3 and l4l5 lumbar motion segments from fresh cadav... |
celem badania bya ocena uytecznoci elastografii fali poprzecznej w odrnianiu zmian zoliwych stercza od agodnych .
w sumie uzyskano 120 prbek tkanek gruczou krokowego od 10 pacjentw , u ktrych przeprowadzono zabieg radykalnej prostatektomii , poprzedzony biopsj
wyniki badania elastograficznego i biopsji porwnano za ... | aimthis study was designed to assess the possible usefulness of shear - wave elastography in differentiating between benign and malignant tissue in prostate neoplasia.patients and methodsa total of 120 prostate tissue samples were obtained from 10 patients treated by radical prostatectomy and investigated pre - operati... |
protein kinase inhibitors now play a leading role in the treatment of cancer , exemplifying small - molecule exploitation of oncogene addiction .
a total of 24 small - molecule kinase inhibitors have been approved for use as therapeutic agents , 17 of which are for cancer .
in addition , four monoclonal antibodies ... | the progressive elucidation of the molecular pathogenesis of cancer has fueled the rational development of targeted drugs for patient populations stratified by genetic characteristics .
here we discuss general challenges relating to molecular diagnostics and describe predictive biomarkers for personalized cancer medi... |
usher syndrome ( ush ) is an autosomal recessive disorder considered as the most common cause of hereditary deaf - blindness in human , accounting for over 50% of individuals who are both deaf and blind .
ush is characterized by bilateral sensorineural hearing loss , progressive visual loss due to retinitis pigmentos... | usher syndrome type ii ( ush2 ) is the most common form of usher syndrome , characterized by moderate to severe hearing impairment and progressive visual loss due to retinitis pigmentosa .
it has been shown that mutations in the ush2a gene are responsible for ush2 .
the authors herein describe a 34-year - old korea... |
water is ubiquitous in our daily lives and generally regarded as harmless , yet for some patients , water is a source of great discomfort .
aquagenic urticaria ( au ) , a form of physical urticaria that occurs with cutaneous exposure to water , including sweat and tears , was first described in the literature in 1964... | aquagenic urticaria ( au ) is a rare inducible form of physical urticaria , which occurs in response to cutaneous exposure to water , including sweat and tears .
patients present with characteristic 13 mm folliculocentric wheals with surrounding 13 cm erythematous flares within 2030 minutes following skin contact wit... |
it is imperative for a physician to collect complete patient profile before prescribing new medications for current treatment .
the excipients are divided into various functional classifications , depending on purpose of use , such as binders , diluents , disintegrants , lubricants , wetting agents , solvents , fille... | key clinical messagepharmaceutical excipients need careful observation as they play a significant role in treatment outcomes .
it is imperative for a physician to collect complete patient profile before prescribing new medications for current treatment .
we present a case report on the significance of pharmaceutica... |
health effects of chronic
exposure to uranium ( u ) in drinking water
are emerging , including nephrotoxicity and possible
toxicity on bones .
groundwater u concentrations
( [ u ] ) in excess of the u.s . environmental protection agency ( epa )
maximum contaminant level ( mcl ) of 30 g / l for drinking wate... | in
greater augusta of central maine , 53 out of 1093 ( 4.8% ) private
bedrock well water samples from 1534 km2 contained [ u ]
> 30 g / l , the u.s .
environmental protection agency s
( epa ) maximum contaminant level ( mcl ) for drinking water ; and 226
out of 786 ( 29% ) samples from 1135 km2 showed [ rn ... |
complementary and alternative medical treatment ( cam ) has gained significant interest in recent years .
although the list of cam has changed over the years , the office of alternative medicine ( established at the national institutes of health [ nih ] in the usa ) nowadays recognizes five major categories .
acupu... | acupuncture is a complementary and alternative medical treatment ( cam ) which is increasingly used in the care of cancer patients .
traditionally derived from chinese medicine , nowadays it is becoming a part of evidence - based oncology .
the use of acupuncture in these patients has been recommended by the americ... |
we retrospectively reviewed the records of 85 treatment - nave patients newly diagnosed with choroidal neovascularization ( cnv ) secondary to amd at the vitreoretinal clinic of inha university hospital .
subjects with disease duration less than one month and those who were treated with intravitreal ranibizumab ( 0.5... | purposeto investigate the effects of vitreomacular traction ( vmt ) on ranibizumab treatment response for neovascular age - related macular degeneration ( amd).methodsa retrospective review of 85 eyes of 85 patients newly diagnosed with neovascular amd was conducted .
patients were eligible if they had received more ... |
injection of lipopolysaccharide into volunteers is followed by acute rises of monocyte - derived proinflammatory cytokines , including tumour necrosis factor , il-1 , and il-6 .
although the concentration of these cytokines falls to normal within a few hours , the secondary effects of their release can be devastating... | in the previous issue of critical care , vermont and colleagues presented a simple but well - executed observational study describing the levels of chemokines in the serum of 58 children with meningococcal sepsis .
the chemokine levels correlated with disease severity and outcome .
significant correlations were dem... |
the discovery of grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex ( mec ) ( hafting et al . , 2005 ) has been a major advance in cortical physiology ( burgess 2014 ) .
the assessment of single - unit activity in rats running in boxes has led to the discovery of a plethora of functional cell types in the mec : conjunctiv... | summarythe medial entorhinal cortex ( mec ) and the adjacent parasubiculum are known for their elaborate spatial discharges ( grid cells , border cells , etc . ) and the precessing of spikes relative to the local field potential .
we know little , however , about how spatio - temporal firing patterns map onto cell ty... |
in the united states , there are over 500,000 arterial bypass operations performed each year [ 13 ] .
autologous vessels are preferred as graft materials , however , up to 40% of patients needing bypass surgery may not have a healthy artery or saphenous vein of suitable length for use as an autograft .
even if ... | enzymatic - detergent decellularization treatments may use a combination of chemical reagents to reduce vascular tissue to sterilized scaffolds , which may be seeded with endothelial cells and implanted with a low risk of rejection .
however , these chemicals may alter the mechanical properties of the native tissue a... |
when such an organized collection of cells is identified in the stomach , it is designated as granulomatous gastritis , a subtype of chronic gastritis classified according to its cause as infectious , noninfectious , or idiopathic granulomatous gastritis 1
2
3 .
most cases of granulomatous gastritis in economical... | a 71-year - old man in whom a gastric submucosal lesion was found incidentally was referred to our hospital for detailed examination .
esophagastroduodenoscopy showed a submucosal lesion in the body of the stomach .
endoscopic ultrasound revealed a 15-mm hypoechoic round mass with calcifications arising from the mu... |
the study , conducted during 1999 and 2007 , was designed as a follow - up to an experimental field study that had been conducted in the conurbation of zurich ( 11 ) . along the urban periphery
, we selected 12 study plots of 1-km each and 1 additional , 6-km , plot .
experimental bait delivery was structured in 2 ... | echinococcus multilocularis , the causative agent of zoonotic alveolar echinococcosis , can be controlled effectively by the experimental delivery of anthelminthic baits for urban foxes .
monthly baiting over a 45-month period was effective for long - lasting control .
trimonthly baiting intervals were far less eff... |
late - onset urea cycle deficiencies are defined as those that have clinical onset after an age of 28 days .
this disorder occurs due to the deficiency of any of the following enzymes - ornithine transcarbamylase ( otc ) , carbamoyl - phosphate synthetase ( cpsi ) , argininosuccinate synthetase ( ass ) , argininosucc... | urea cycle disorders ( ucd ) are common during neonatal period , and it is rarely reported in adults .
we are reporting a patient presenting with post - partum neuropsychiatric symptoms rapidly progressing to coma .
markedly raised serum ammonia level on presentation with an initial normal magnetic resonance imagin... |
the blacklegged tick , ixodes scapularis ( northern populations previously treated as i. dammini ) , is the primary vector of the lyme disease bacterium , borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato ( s.l . ) east of the rocky mountains 1 .
complex consists of at least 23 genospecies or genomospecies . in north america , at leas... | lyme disease has emerged as a major health concern in canada , where the etiological agent , borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato ( s.l . ) , a spirochetal bacterium , is typically spread by the bite of certain ticks .
this study explores the presence of b. burgdorferi s.l . in blacklegged ticks , ixodes scapularis , coll... |
two
new light - driven molecular rotary motors based on the n - alkylated indanylidene benzopyrrole frameworks are proposed
and studied using quantum chemical calculations and nonadiabatic molecular
dynamics simulations .
these new motors perform pure axial rotation ,
and the photochemical steps of the rotary... | |
adverse pregnancy outcomes remain a major cause of perinatal and paediatric morbidity and mortality , and subsequent morbidity into adult life .
one of the key causes of adverse pregnancy outcome is fetal growth restriction ( fgr ) . fetal growth restriction describes a situation in which the fetus fails to achieve i... | fetal growth restriction is an important pregnancy complication that has major consequences for the fetus and neonate as well as an increased risk of long - term morbidity extending into adulthood .
the precise aetiology of most cases of fetal growth restriction is unknown although placental thrombosis is a common fe... |
thyroid nodules are a common clinical finding and occur in approximately 1070% of the general adult population and are more common in women , the elderly , and patients with a family history of thyroid disorders .
malignant transformation of thyroid nodules occurs in only 510% of patients depending on age , gender , ... | background : the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonic features in predicting the malignancy of thyroid nodules in a group of chinese patients.methods:in all , 762 patients with thyroid nodules ( 424 malignant and 338 benign ) underwent ultrasound ( us ) check and surgery between march 2011 and j... |
although the prevalence of thyroid diseases in diabetic patients is two to threefold higher than in nondiabetic subjects1 , little attention is paid to infectious thyroid diseases in diabetics , as they are diagnosed in only a few diabetic patients ; by contrast , autoimmune thyroiditis , graves ' disease and other end... | abstractthe thyroid is resistant to infection because of the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the gland , and even though diabetes can induce a compromised immune system , thyroid infection disease is scarcely encountered in diabetic patients .
thyroid abscess formation in an asymptomatic diabetic pati... |
epidemiologic studies have shown that cerebrovascular accident ( cva ) is the 3 cause of death in developed countries with 0.8 % prevalence in whole population .
although , prevalence rate of stroke is reduced but yet is one of the most important health problem in united state .
not only urinary tract infections in... | background : periodontitis and gingivitis are one of the most infectious diseases in human .
several studies have been carried out on dependence of periodontitis and stroke .
the aim of this study was to investigate the gingivitis and periodontitis as a risk factor for stroke in iranian population.materials and met... |
protein domains are distinct units of molecular evolution , usually associated with particular aspects of molecular function such as catalysis or binding . in general , they represent discrete units of three - dimensional ( 3d ) structure .
the identification of functionally characterized domains in protein sequences... | the conserved domain database ( cdd ) is the protein classification component of ncbi 's entrez query and retrieval system .
cdd is linked to other entrez databases such as proteins , taxonomy and pubmed , and can be accessed at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=cdd .
cd - search , which is available... |
cells of the adaptive and innate immune systems infiltrate the tumor microenvironment ( tme ) and form an ecosystem that modulates all aspects of tumor development ( grivennikov et al . , 2010 ) .
t cells are the most abundant and best - characterized population in the tme of solid tumors ( galon et al . , 2006 , ... | summaryimmune cells in the tumor microenvironment modulate cancer progression and are attractive therapeutic targets .
macrophages and t cells are key components of the microenvironment , yet their phenotypes and relationships in this ecosystem and to clinical outcomes are ill defined .
we used mass cytometry with... |
previous
studies have shown that the ir(100 ) surface exhibits interesting
properties with respect to its surface reconstructions .
similar to
other fcc metal surfaces ( e.g. , au or pt(100 ) ) the ir(100 ) surface undergoes a ( 1 1 ) ( 5
1 ) surface reconstruction . according to experimental studies of th... | clean
and stable surface modifications of an iridium ( 100 ) single
crystal , i.e. , the ( 1 1 ) phase , the ( 5 1 ) reconstruction ,
and the oxygen - terminated ( 2 1)-o surface , were prepared and
characterized by low energy electron diffraction ( leed ) , temperature - programmed
desorption ( tpd ) , in... |
in the present issue of critical care , dubin and collaborators report the results of a study in which they tested the hypothesis that intramucosal - to - arterial carbon dioxide difference ( the so - called pco2 [ partial carbon dioxide tension ] gap ) may remain unaltered during dysoxia ( a state in which oxygen de... | intramucosal - to - arterial carbon dioxide difference ( the so - called pco2 [ partial carbon dioxide tension ] gap ) remains largely unaltered during decreased oxygen delivery , if the latter is reduced as flow is maintained . in this condition ( hypoxic hypoxia or anaemic hypoxia ) , the pco2 gap fails to mirror int... |
conventional surgical repair of aortic aneurysms has been applied for many decades . however , despite the advances in operative techniques and perioperative management of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms or occlusive aorto - iliac disease , there are many early and late complications related to aortic graft re... | graft infection following aortic aneurysms repair is an uncommon but devastating complication ; its incidence ranges from < 1% to 6% ( mean 4% ) , with an associated perioperative and overall mortality of 12% and 17.5 - 20% , respectively .
the most common causative organisms are staphylococcus aureus and escherichia... |
static cold storage is without doubt the simplest and most practical means of organ preservation .
flushing the organ with cold preservation solution removes the blood and rapidly reduces the temperature .
nonetheless , the anaerobic environment causes substantial tissue injury which exacerbates the level of ischae... | summarybackgroundthe two layer method ( tlm ) has been extremely successful in the preservation of the pancreas .
however , this has not been thoroughly investigated in other organs or in clinically relevant large animal models .
the aim of this study was to assess the effects of tlm in a large animal model of kidn... |
melancholia is a kind of depression with the most common symptoms of evident mental disorder , slimness , lack of enjoyment , feeling guilty and having no appetite . in modern medicine ,
however , historically , it could have physical symptoms as well as mental symptoms and the atrabilious situations were categorized... | background : melancholia is a kind of depression with the most common symptoms of evident mental disorder , slimness , lack of enjoyment , feeling guilty and having no appetite . in modern medicine ,
the word
melancholia only refers to mental and affective symptoms of depression .
however , historically , it cou... |
suicide the most preventable cause of death is among the top 20 leading causes of mortality globally for all ages . in the last 50 years suicide rates
have increased by 60% worldwide while in india there is 43% increase in suicide rate in last three decades
every individual differs in aetiology of their suicide or ... | background : suicide is a preventable cause of death , inspite of which its incidence is increasing worldwide .
very few studies are done to know the perception of suicide attempters regarding prevention of their suicide attempt .
such information may be helpful in implementing preventive strategies .
this study ... |
medical research is the cornerstone of scientific research . it has the potential to engender a better state of physical and psychological health
when conducting medical research , one must abide by the ethical and moral obligations as outlined by the nuremberg code in 1947 and the subsequent declaration of helsinki ... | publication of medical research is the cornerstone for the propagation and dissemination of medical knowledge , culminating in significant effects on the health of the world 's population .
however , instances of individuals and institutions subverting the ethos of honesty and integrity on which medical research is b... |
chronic glomerulonephritis , until recently has been the most common cause of chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) in developing countries like india .
however , with the increase in diabetes mellitus , the majority of ckd patients in india now have diabetic nephropathy as their underlying etiology . according to the recen... | glomerular diseases are an important cause of chronic renal failure in developing countries .
the spectrum of diseases causing nephrotic syndrome is changing globally in the last few decades .
the aim of this prospective study was to look at this spectrum at a tertiary care center in north india and to analyze the ... |
closed polarographic oxygen sensors ( clark electrodes and its varieties ) are convenient and still the most widely used tools for measuring of oxygen consumption in various biochemical studies [ 14 ] .
however , users of clark electrode are often forced to face a number of problems , the causes of which are not obvi... | well - known cause of frequent failures of closed oxygen sensors is the appearance of gas bubbles in the electrolyte .
the problem is traditionally associated with insufficient sealing of the sensor that is not always true . study of a typical temperature regime of measurement system based on clark sensor showed that... |
historically , most patients who sustained serious arterial injury did not survive long enough to reach medical care providers .
with advancement in health care systems , and urbanization of the population , many seriously injured patients now arrive at hospitals .
even those with very serious vascular injuries ( e... | background : rubber bullets and pellet guns are considered non - lethal low - velocity weapons .
they are used to disperse a mob during street protests .
the present study was undertaken to analyze the pattern , presentation and management of vascular injuries caused by these weapons.patients and methods : this was... |
a four - year - old boy was referred to the oral and maxillofacial radiology department at the school of dentistry of the university of mashhad .
his chief complaint was a swelling in the right inferior border of the lower jaw , which had been present for one week and exhibited slow growth .
the lesion was initiall... | central odontogenic fibroma ( cof ) is a rare benign tumor that accounts for 0.1% of all odontogenic tumors .
a case of cof ( simple type ) of the mandible in a four - year - old boy is described in this report .
the patient showed asymptomatic swelling in the right inferior border of the lower jaw for one week .
... |
eruptive vellus hair cysts ( evhc ) are typified by multiple , small , and discrete follicular papules with a smooth or centrally umbilicated appearance [ 1 , 2 ] .
they are skin - colored or yellowish papules , 1 - 5 mm in diameter , usually on the chest and proximal extremities .
steatocystoma multiplex ( sm ) is... | multiple pilosebaceous cysts include the entities of steatocystoma multiplex and eruptive vellus hair cysts ( evhcs ) .
multiple pilosebaceous cysts are proposed to be one entity originating in the pilosebaceous duct , since steatocystoma multiplex and evhcs are frequently present concomitantly and are caused by a cy... |
in the past two years , several important events have focused attention on chronic hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) infection in the us and elsewhere ( table 1 ) .
three new evidenced - based practice guidelines sponsored by regional liver societies have helped clarify hbv treatment [ 1 - 3 ] .
in addition , the centers f... | in the past two years , several national and international bodies have made recommendations and published updated practice guidelines for hepatitis b. in addition , new drugs have become available for treatment of hepatitis b. this article will review the new recommendations for screening for hepatitis b and for first ... |
spine - related ailments are a major cause of morbidity and lost productivity in the united states , affecting nearly 33 million people per year.1 although multiple spine - related symptoms often coexist , the individual symptomatic components can be broadly divided into those that cause axial pain , central neural dys... | study design prospective observational study .
objective to determine whether preference - based health utility scores for common spinal radiculopathies vary by specific spinal level .
methods we employed a standard gamble study using the general public to calculate individual preference - based quality of life ... |
since the mid-1990s , controversy has surrounded the question of a potential link between exposure to recombinant hepatitis b vaccine ( hbv ) and demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system ( cns ) , in particular multiple sclerosis ( ms ) . while most epidemiological studies have failed to demonstrate a link ... | controversy exists regarding a potential link between exposure to recombinant hepatitis b vaccine ( hbv ) and central nervous system demyelinating diseases . here , we present a case of seronegative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder ( nmosd ) following exposure to hbv . a 28-year - old man developed painful eye mo... |
growth and development are continuous processes , which bring a change in an individual , every moment .
development of sexuality starts as early as in intrauterine life following conception and continues through infancy , childhood , adolescence , adulthood till death . during infancy
self - awareness about sexual... | adolescence , derived from the latin word
adolescere meaning to grow up is a critical developmental period . during adolescence ,
major biological as well as psychological developments take place .
development of sexuality is an important bio - psycho - social development , which takes an adult shape during th... |
let us imagine a population with n individuals where we recruit 1 control per case into a cc study and follow up the coca and the coco .
the exposure ( e ) and outcome ( o ) are distributed as shown in figure 1 .
figure 1.venn diagram showing the distribution of 2400 cases and 2400 controls in relation to an expo... | if individuals in a case / control study are subsequently observed as a cohort of cases and a cohort of controls , weighted regression analyses can be used to estimate the association between the exposures initially recorded and events occurring during the follow - up of the 2 cohorts .
such analyses can be conceptua... |
pathological or traumatic processes that cause rotational changes to the forearm bones , particularly the radius , may result in persistent pain , limitation of motion and instability at the distal radioulnar joint.1,2 this occurs with malunited fractures that usually result in limited forearm rotation and can lead to ... | objective : to evaluate the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of radial torsion angle measurement using computed tomography.methods:twelve pairs of cadaver radii and 116 forearms from 58 healthy volunteers were evaluated using axial computed tomography sections measured at the level of the bicipital tuberosit... |
for nearly a century , progressive discovery of the number and molecular structure of chromosomes and their information content have proven to be useful in the clinical domain [ 1 , 2 ] . with the sequencing of the human genome ,
we have gained a reference for base pair resolution comparisons that have provided unpre... | de novo assembly of the genome of a species is essential in the absence of a reference genome sequence .
many scalable assembly algorithms use the de bruijn graph ( dbg ) paradigm to reconstruct genomes , where a table of subsequences of a certain length is derived from the reads , and their overlaps are analyzed to ... |
breast carcinoma in men is uncommon with an incidence report rate of 1.08 per 100,000 . at time of diagnosis ,
men have a higher median age ; and are more likely to have a more advanced stage of disease and lymph node involvement .
forequarter ( interscapulothoracic ) amputation was first performed in 1808 for seve... | although the majority of forequarter amputations are performed for high - grade bone and soft tissue sarcomas or extensive osteomyelitis of the upper extremity , this radical operation may also be indicated for the curative treatment of recurrent breast cancer and for the palliation of locally advanced breast cancer . ... |
in high volume centers , partial pancreaticoduodenectomy ( pd ) can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality .
while the outcome is clearly associated with surgeon and center experience , the rate of pancreatic fistulas seems not to drop below a certain level [ 2 , 3 ] . even after thousands of pd , highl... | background .
after pancreaticoduodenectomy ( pd ) , pancreatic fistulas ( pf ) are a frequent complication .
infusions may compromise anastomotic integrity .
this retrospective analysis evaluated associations between intraoperative fluid excess and pf .
methods .
data on perioperative parameters including age... |
organophosphorus ( op ) insecticides are applied in agricultural situations for insect control and have served as the active ingredients in many household insecticides . although their use has been restricted in many countries , they are still heavily used in many developing nations of the world . in these areas , ther... | paraoxonase ( pon1 ) is a calcium dependent enzyme that is capable of hydrolyzing organophosphate anticholinesterases .
pon1 activity is present in most mammals and previous research established that pon1 activity differs depending on the species .
these studies mainly used the organophosphate substrate paraoxon , ... |
a mysterious disorder is killing more than half a million patients around the world each year .
this disorder is associated with sudden onset of profound impairment of kidney function and its exact cause is unclear and treatment is unsatisfactory .
many of those that survive remain with permanent kidney failure . t... | the recent advent of consensus definitions for acute kidney injury ( aki ) has led to improvement in epidemiology of this complex disease and facilitated the development of new diagnostic makers and new therapies . however , important new challenges are also apparent .
we still do not really understand why aki occurs... |
in the previous issue of critical care , takala and colleagues published a multicenter randomized controlled trial ( rct ) investigating the use of less invasive cardiac output monitoring in hemodynamically unstable patients admitted to the intensive care unit ( icu ) . in this study , patients were randomly assigned... | in the previous issue of critical care , takala and colleagues presented the results of a multicenter study to investigate whether the early presence of less invasive hemodynamic monitoring improves outcome in patients admitted with hemodynamic instability to the intensive care unit .
the authors ' results suggest th... |
protein protein interactions ( ppis ) represent a promising new class of attractive
therapeutic targets , and the advancement in drug discovery efforts against ppis has been
recently referred as the unmined biology gold reserve ( 1 ) .
however , ppis are still considered as extremely difficult for
targeting b... | protein protein interactions are considered as one of the next generation of
therapeutic targets .
specific tools thus need to be developed to tackle this challenging
chemical space . in an effort to derive some common principles from recent successes ,
we
have built 2p2idb ( freely accessible at http://2p2i... |
aggressive angiomyxoma ( aam ) is a rare locally aggressive soft tissue tumor , which primarily occurs in the pelvic perineal regions .
the incidence in females is significantly higher than in males ( female - to - male ratio of 6:1 ) .
the main site of disease is the perineum , followed by the pelvic cavity and v... | abstractaggressive angiomyxoma ( aam ) is a rare mesenchymal tumor that usually occurs in the pelvis and perineum of young females .
aam can simulate bartholin 's gland cyst , abscess , lipoma , simple labial cyst , or other pelvic soft tissue tumors . here
we present five cases of aam with mean age of 42 .
the p... |
the prevalence of overweight and obesity is high among veterans and more common in veterans than in the general ( nonveteran ) population .
nearly 3/4 of the veteran population is at least overweight , and more than 1/3 of this population is obese or morbidly obese [ 1 , 2 ] .
obese veterans often carry multiple me... | background .
the rates of obesity and substance abuse are high among us veterans . objective . to examine weight loss and substance abuse rates following bariatric surgery in veterans with a history of substance abuse ( sa )
. methods .
a prospective database of consecutive bariatric operations was reviewed .
d... |
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is currently the third most common cause of death in the world.1 copd is a global health concern and a slowly progressive inflammatory disease caused by airflow obstructions.2 copd is not fully reversible and can lead to progressively worsening breathlessness , which affec... | backgroundchronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is currently the third most common cause of death in the world .
patients with copd experience airflow obstruction , weight loss , skeletal muscle dysfunction , and comorbidities .
anthropometric indicators are risk factors for mortality in geriatric assessme... |
in the last 10 years , the number of disciplines , subjects , methodologies and individual researchers and practitioners working or associated with the medical humanities has grown considerably .
as befits an emerging field of enquiry , there is on - going debate about its future direction ( ahlzn 2007 ; evans and g... | as befits an emerging field of enquiry , there is on - going discussion about the scope , role and future of the medical humanities .
one relatively recent contribution to this debate proposes a differentiation of the field into two distinct terrains , medical humanities and health humanities, and calls for a supe... |
posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome ( pres ) is a clinicoradiological entity first described by hinchey et al1 in 1996 who called it reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome .
it was renamed pres by casey et al2 in 2000 to stress the involvement of both white and gray matter .
the diagnosis is bas... | posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome ( pres ) is a clinicoradiological entity based on clinical signs , including headache , visual abnormalities , and seizures , and radiological abnormalities mostly consisting of vasogenic brain edema predominantly in the posterior parietal - temporal - occipital regions .
... |
the practice of anatomical pathology is changing as a result of the introduction of new tests , services , and technologies , as well as the emergence of personalized medicine that asks for targeted pathological diagnoses .
this situation is contributing to an increase in the volume of patient cases to be diagnosed ,... | context : the eastern ontario regional laboratory association ( eorla ) is a newly established association of all the laboratory and pathology departments of eastern ontario that currently includes facilities from eight hospitals . all surgical specimens for eorla are processed in one central location , the department ... |
detailed evaluation of cataract density is essential in surgery planning in order to improve visual outcomes and to avoid possible intraoperative and postoperative complications .
the lens opacities classification system iii ( locs iii ) is a subjective evaluation method based on slit - lamp examination.1 although th... | purposeto evaluate the correlations between preoperative scheimpflug - based lens densitometry metrics and phacodynamics.methodsthe lens opacities classification system iii ( locs iii ) was used to grade nuclear opalescence ( no ) , along with different methods of lens densitometry evaluation ( absolute scale from 0% t... |
a reabilitao pulmonar ( rp ) melhora a capacidade de exerccio na maioria ( mas no todos ) dos pacientes com dpoc .
os fatores associados ao sucesso do tratamento e o papel da mecnica da parede torcica na determinao desse sucesso ainda no claro .
investigamos o impacto da rp no desempenho ao exerccio em pacientes c... | objective : pulmonary rehabilitation ( pr ) improves exercise capacity in most but not all copd patients .
the factors associated with treatment success and the role of chest wall mechanics remain unclear .
we investigated the impact of pr on exercise performance in copd with severe hyperinflation .
methods : we ... |
since its inception , the international journal of exercise science has enjoyed the involvement of several students and professionals from brazil .
as our relationship has developed , we felt that it would be an ideal opportunity for our international readership to learn about exercise science programs from leading i... | the international journal of exercise science has enjoyed an association with several students and professionals from brazil . in this invited editorial ,
professors from leading institutions in brazil , roberto simo from rio de janeiro federal university , and jonato prestes from the federal university of so carlos ... |
postmenopausal osteoporosis ( op ) is a major women s health problem that increases morbidity , mortality , and cost of healthcare . a revised perspective of the pathogenesis in this disease from estrogen - centric to
oxidative stress has highlighted the need to identify reliable markers for reflecting oxidative stre... | backgroundadvanced oxidation protein products ( aopps ) are acknowledged as a novel marker of oxidation - mediated protein damage .
this study aimed to investigate the plasma levels of aopps in postmenopausal osteoporotic women , and to determine the relationship between aopps accumulation and lumbar bone mineral des... |
retinoblastoma ( rb ) is the most common malignant ocular tumor in the pediatric age group , occurring in 1/15,000 to 1/30,000 live births , although it forms a smaller percentage of all pediatric malignancies ( ~5/1,00,000 children ) .
the hereditary group present at a younger age , usually have bilateral disease , ... | second malignancies , mostly in the form of bone sarcomas , are known to occur in hereditary retinoblastomas , which usually present with bilateral disease .
only 2 cases of ewing s sarcoma have been reported in the literature following sporadic unilateral retinoblastoma . a 5-year - old boy presented to our hospital... |
the vast majority of cancers in the head and neck region are of epithelial origin .
we present a patient with metastasis in the right tonsil of a primary adenocarcinoma of the distal oesophagus .
a 57-year - old man was referred to our department of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery , because of dysphagia , ... | in the literature less than 100 cases of metastatic carcinoma of the palatine tonsil have been reported .
tonsillar metastasis of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus has not been reported previously .
we report a case of a 57-year - old male with a primary adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus with a metastasis in th... |
diabetes mellitus is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia , which may be caused by defects in either insulin secretion by the pancreas or insulin action in target tissues like skeletal muscles . the world health organization ( who ) projects that by the year 2030
, the global prevalence of diabetes mellitus will ha... | objectives : this study aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of an ethanol extract of cassia abbreviata ( eca ) bark and the possible mechanisms of its action in diabetic albino rats.methods:eca was prepared by soaking the powdered plant material in 70% ethanol . it was filtered and made solvent - free by evapora... |
traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) remains a significant health burden worldwide [ 1 , 2 ] .
this is especially relevant in pediatrics , due to the varied and nonspecific complaints among head - injured children .
age , glasgow coma scale ( gcs ) , accidental hypothermia , hyperglycemia , and coagulation disorders are ... | we aim to study the association between hyperglycemia and in - hospital outcomes among children with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) .
this retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary pediatric hospital between 2003 and 2013 .
all patients < 16 years old who presented to the emergency ... |
foix - chavany - marie syndrome ( fcms ) , also known as opercular syndrome , is characterized by bilateral paralysis of the facio - glosso - pharyngo - masticatory muscles in voluntary movement due to bilateral anterior opercular lesions , with normal strength in involuntary actions ( such as yawning or laughing).1,2 ... | foix - chavany - marie syndrome is characterized by bilateral facio - glosso - pharyngo - masticatory paralysis of voluntary movement due to bilateral anterior opercular lesions .
we describe the case of a 17-year - old female affected by foix - chavany - marie syndrome and congenital cytomegalovirus infection , eval... |
as predicted by who , by 2015 , approximately 2.3 billion adults will be overweight and more than 700 million will be obese .
the multitudinous pathological consequences of obesity and overweight include type ii diabetes , oxidative stress , inflammation , cardiovascular diseases , hyperlipidemia , and hypertension .... | 1,3-diacylglycerol is known to reduce body weight and fat deposits in humans .
-lipoic acid is a potent antioxidant and effective against many pathological conditions , including obesity and related metabolic syndromes .
the present work is based on the hypothesis that the hybrid molecules of 1,3-diacylglycerol... |
although obesity has stabilized in some us populations , it is still at epidemic proportions , with 31.7% of all children 219 years of age overweight or obese ( bmi 85th percentile ) .
anti - obesity efforts often fail [ 2 , 3 ] , and exactly why they fail is still unclear .
the discouraging results of many studie... | background .
antiobesity interventions have generally failed .
research now suggests that interventions must be informed by an understanding of the social environment .
objective . to examine if new social networks form between families participating in a group - level pediatric obesity prevention trial
. metho... |
it can be acquired by transmission of parasites from mother to child during pregnancy or perinatally during labour .
congenital malaria has been documented for many years , but it was previously thought to be uncommon especially in indigenous populations ; more recent studies , however , suggest that incidence has in... | the study was designed to determine the true prevalence of congenital , cord , and placental malaria in general hospital minna , north central nigeria .
peripheral blood smears of near - term pregnant women , as well as the placental , cord , and peripheral blood smears of their newborn babies , were examined for mal... |
obstructive sleep apnea ( osa ) is characterized by an intermittent repeatable cessation of airflow to the lung due to closure of the airway at pharyngeal level and afflicting about 2442% adults and has been implicated as an independent risk factor for hypertension , cardiocerebrovascular diseases , and metabolic compl... | purpose . to evaluate alteration in serum tsh in hypertensives with osa and its relation with cardiometabolic risk factors
. methods .
517 hypertensives were cross - sectionally studied .
osa was determined by polysomnography and thyroid function by standard methods .
results .
osa was diagnosed in 373 hypert... |
antimicrobial growth promoters such as monensin have been used extensively in ruminant production to modulate competition among different microbial populations for improving the efficiency of energy and protein utilization in the rumen .
monensin is a carboxylic polyether ionophore antibiotic that is produced by ferm... | essential oils ( eos ) from plant extracts have been reported to have an antibacterial activity against gram - negative and gram - positive bacteria .
several of the gram - positive bacteria are involved in ruminal biohydrogenation of fatty acids ( fas ) , thus suggesting that feeding eos could lower biohydrogenation... |
a 67-year - old caucasian woman presented with a lesion on her left sural region which consisted of an erythematous purplish round plaque , surrounded by a
the patient had brown hair and was classified as skin phototype 3 according to fitzpatrick 's classification .
she had been suffering from type 2 diabetes for 1... | porokeratosis is a disorder of keratinisation whose pathogenesis is yet unclear .
it has been postulated that it results from the proliferation of an abnormal clone of keratinocytes , triggered by several factors , such as immunosuppression or prolonged ultraviolet exposure .
various clinical forms are recognized w... |
a 71-year - old female underwent clear corneal phacoemulsification in the left eye with implantation of non - foldable intraocular lens .
the patient had best corrected visual acuity ( bcva ) of finger counting ( fc ) at 2 m. slit - lamp examination showed severe corneal edema [ fig . 1 ] and anterior segment could n... | descemet 's membrane detachment ( dd ) is a rare but serious complication of intraocular surgery . in rare cases where corneal edema is severe and we may not be able to visualize dd on slit - lamp examination , anterior segment optical coherence tomogram ( as - oct )
would be helpful .
we describe two patients with... |
older adults in canada are the fastest growing cohort of the population , a trend echoed in other industrialized nations .
currently , over 35% of the canadian population is comprised of individuals aged 50 years and above , a number expected to rise as the baby boom generation progresses further into older age [ 2 ,... | involvement in physical activity is associated with improved mental health including better social skills , coping mechanisms , and lower rates of depression .
however , evidence on whether group or individual active environments better facilitate these benefits remains inconsistent .
this cross - sectional cohort ... |
we employed the -haemolysin protein pore , a toxin from staphylococcus aureus bacterium , as the sensor element .
the translocation of single - stranded oligonucleotides through this 2-nm pore has been studied extensively .
however , it is difficult to distinguish the translocation of different micrornas because th... | micrornas are short rna molecules that regulate gene expression .
they have been investigated as potential biomarkers because their expression levels are correlated with various diseases .
however , the detection of micrornas in the bloodstream remains difficult because current methods are not sufficiently selectiv... |
knowledge of radiation dose and risk is poor among all radiology workers . significant knowledge gap among technologists compared to residents , fellows and staff radiologists .
radiology plays a prominent role in modern medicine . many of the diagnostic and interventional radiology procedures involve exposure to io... | objectivesto investigate and compare the knowledge of radiation dose and risk incurred in common radiology examinations among radiology residents , fellows , staff radiologists and technologists.methodsa questionnaire containing 17 multiple choice questions was administered to all residents , technologists , fellows an... |
gestational diabetes mellitus ( gdm ) has been defined for many years as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy . according to the hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes ( hapo study ) , a large - scale multinational epidemiologic study
, the risk of adverse maternal ... | the aim of this study is to establish a risk appraisal model for gdm by identifying modifiable factors that can help predict the risk of gdm in a large population of 2194 women living in spain .
they were recruited between 2009 - 2010 when screening for gdm was performed .
participants completed a questionnaire on ... |
sedentary behaviour ( sb ) is defined as participation in activities such as sitting and reclining during waking hours that do not substantially increase energy expenditure .
recent systematic reviews have indicated that sb is associated with increased risk of chronic disease morbidity and mortality , often independe... | background : sedentary behaviour ( sb ) is an important risk factor for a number of chronic diseases .
although gaps remain in our knowledge of the elements of sb most associated with reduced health outcomes , measuring sb is important , especially in less active patient populations where treatment - related changes ... |
although the prevalence of leprosy has decreased over past 20 years , the incidence of newly detected cases is still high .
india records the highest number of new leprosy cases in the world . depending on host resistance , leprosy may present as tuberculoid or lepromatous type with a spectrum of intermediate stages ... | background : leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae .
india records the highest number of new leprosy cases in the world .
oxidative stress may play a significant role in leprosy.aim:the aim of the study was to evaluate oxidative stress in various forms of leprosy and compared to hea... |
the goal of blood banking is to provide adequate and safe blood to recipients at no risk to donors .
baseline hemoglobin of 12 g / dl and 13 g / dl for potential female and male donors ' respectively , and a donation interval of 12 weeks minimum have been stipulated in some countries to ensure donor safety . as a way... | objective : the objective was to determine the basic hematological parameters of remunerated blood donors in benin city and to compare them with those of voluntary donors.materials and methods : this is a prospective study conducted in a tertiary health facility in benin city .
pretransfusion samples were obtained fr... |
humanizing the clinical experience for families in the icu may improve family satisfaction and prompt more effective use of technological icu resources .
schaefer and block identified trends toward three broad groups of clinical competencies that positively impact length of icu stay , family satisfaction , and family... | pain relief and palliative care play an increasingly important role in the overall approach to critically ill and injured patients . despite significant progress in clinical patient care , our understanding of death and
the dying process remains limited .
for various reasons , people tend to delay facing questions ... |
oral myiasis was however , first described by laurence ( 1909 ) and is reported mainly in the tropics and is associated with , inadequate public and personal hygiene .
the term myiasis refers to infestation of living tissues of animals or humans by diptera larvae .
the species of flies that cause myiasis are cochil... | myiasis is a rare disease caused by invasion of tissue by larvae of certain dipteran flies .
it is more common in countries with tropical climate .
oral myiasis is not a very common condition and many clinicians are unaware of its diagnosis .
common predisposing factors are poor oral hygiene , halitosis , trauma ... |
routine subculture as clumps was executed when hescs reach confluency every 45 days using 1 u / ml dispase in dmem / f12 ( stemcell technologies ) .
prior to all treatments , hescs were instead passaged as single cells using tryple express ( life technologies ) .
24 h after treatment , medium was replaced to ... | while distinct cell cycle structures have been known to correlate with pluripotent or differentiated cell states [ 1 ] , there is no evidence on how the cell cycle machinery directly contributes to human embryonic stem cell ( hesc ) pluripotency .
we established a determinant role of cell cycle machineries on the plu... |
as cochair of graduate admissions of the tetrad program at the university of california at san francisco ( ucsf ) , i conducted a retrospective analysis of our highest- and lowest - ranked graduate students over the past 20 years to identify undergraduate metrics that significantly differed between these groups .
i i... | we use many quantitative undergraduate metrics to help select our graduate students , but which of these usefully discriminate successful from underperforming students and which should be ignored ?
almost everyone has his or her own pet theory of the most predictive criteria , but i hoped to address this question in ... |
cerebrovascular diseases represent the third leading cause of death and disability.1 furthermore , stroke is associated with significant reductions in the quality of life , not only due to the presence of neurological deficits but also due to resultant cognitive dysfunction.2 strokes also represent a major etiological ... | background and purposewe aimed to examine the incidence of cognitive impairment among patients with stroke , the associated risk factors , progression of the cognitive impairment , and the association between the localization of the lesion(s ) as detected by magnetic resonance imaging and the affected areas of cognitiv... |
wistar hannover galas rats ( galas rats ) have recently been used in toxicity studies in japan because of their beneficial characteristics such as a higher survival rate and a lower body weight than other ordinary strains , such as sprague - dawley and fisher 344 . in galas rats , it has been reported that vacuolar cha... | incidences and morphological features of thyroid proliferative lesions induced by carcinogens in wistar hannover galas rats ( galas rats ) showing normal growth with or without thyroid dysplasia were examined .
all thyroid tissue samples were obtained from our recently conducted study using male galas rats treated wi... |
drug hypersensitivity syndrome ( dhs ) is a severe , idiosyncratic multisystem reaction defined by the clinical triad of fever , rash and internal organ involvement ( e.g. , hepatitis , myocarditis or pneumonitis ) , which may occur 1 - 8 weeks after exposure to the drug . the term , dhs is often used interchangeably w... | drug hypersensitivity syndrome is characterized by fever , skin rash and internal organ involvement .
it is commonly seen with aromatic group of anticonvulsants viz .
phenytoin , carbamazepine and phenobarbitone . here
, we report a case of hypersensitivity reaction to pregabalin , used for treating postherpetic ... |
russia is one of the countries with the highest incidence of tuberculosis in the world .
however , a considerable reduction in the incidence of the disease has been observed in recent years , particularly in northwest russia .
for example , in the arkhangelsk region the incidence of tuberculosis decreased from 104.... | background .
alcohol has several social consequences that are associated with increased risk of tuberculosis .
however , there have been no studies assessing the links between tuberculosis and alcohol consumption in northwest russia .
the aim of this study was to assess associations between the incidence of tuber... |
in vertebrates , di- and tri - methylation of h3k4 are generally restricted to euchromatin and occur in discrete zones in the proximity of transcriptionally active genes .
methylation is thought to facilitate transcription through the recruitment of nucleosome remodeling complexes and histone modifying enzymes , or b... | in saccharomyces cerevisiae , all h3k4 methylation is performed by a single set1 complex ( set1c ) that is composed of the catalytic ( set1 ) and seven other subunits ( swd1 , swd2 , swd3 , bre2 , sdc1 , spp1 and shg1 ) .
it has been known for quite some time that trimethylated h3k4 ( h3k4me3 ) is enriched in the vic... |
during november 2012july 2013 , a marked increase of adenovirus type 7 ( ad7 ) infections associated with severe disease was documented among pediatric patients in singapore .
phylogenetic analysis revealed close genetic links with severe ad7 outbreaks in china , taiwan , and other parts of asia . | |
osteoarticular tuberculosis has remained a diagnostic enigma particularly when the disease affects unusual sites.15 the morbidity and prognosis are thus significantly worsened due to the tendency of tb to mimic other known diseases , leading to diagnostic and therapeutic delays , resulting in inferior functional outcom... | background : foot involvement in osteoarticular tuberculosis is uncommon and isolated bony involvement of foot bones with an osteolytic defect is even more rare ; diagnostic and therapeutic delays can occur , worsening the prognosis .
we present a retrospective series of osteolytic variety of foot tuberculosis.materi... |
malignant transformation of a mature cystic teratoma is an uncommon complication occurring in approximately 1 - 3% of all mature cystic teratomas .
although any of the constituent tissues of a teratoma has the potential to undergo malignant transformation , squamous cell carcinoma ( scc ) is the most commonly associa... | the most common form of malignant transformation developing from a mature cystic teratoma is squamous cell carcinoma , representing 80% of malignant transformations , while adenocarcinoma accounts for approximately 5% .
because of this rarity , few reports exist of preoperative diagnosis of this tumor by magnetic res... |
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