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in mammals y chromosome is responsible for the development of testis and termed testis determining factor ( tdf ) . however , because of abnormal x / y terminal exchange during male meiosis , some patient develop testis in the absence of y chromosome with development of genital tract and present with infertility , shor... | the sex of an embryo is determined by genetic sex due to presence or absence of y chromosome , but it may not be true in all .
we hereby report an interesting case of a phenotypic male carrying a female karyotype ( 46 xx ) . a 26-year - old male presented with bilateral gynecomastia , poor development of secondary se... |
primary health care has the potential to approach and achieve both the millennium development goals ( mdgs ) and the greater goal of universal access to health through acceptable , accessible , appropriate and affordable health care .
in thailand , a lower - middle income country ,
primary health care is delivered... | abstractaccessibility to health care services in thailand is generally good , but a few areas in the country are difficult to reach . the purpose of this study was to investigate the accessibility of health care services in rural and remote areas of thailand .
it was conducted in 16 remote villages within a catchment... |
globally , human populations show structured genetic diversity as a result of geographical dispersion , selection and drift . understanding this variation
can provide insights into evolutionary processes that shape both human adaptation and variation in disease susceptibility .
although the hapmap project and 1000 ... | given the importance of africa to studies of human origins and disease susceptibility , detailed characterisation of african genetic diversity is needed .
the african genome variation project ( agvp ) provides a resource to help design , implement and interpret genomic studies in sub - saharan africa ( ssa ) and worl... |
to characterize the odontogenic capability of apical bud and phenotypical change of apical bud cells ( abcs ) in different microenvironment .
incisor apical bud tissues from neonatal sd rat were dissected and transplanted into the renal capsules to determine their odontogenic capability
then abcs were cultured with... | aimto characterize the odontogenic capability of apical bud and phenotypical change of apical bud cells ( abcs ) in different microenvironment.methodologyincisor apical bud tissues from neonatal sd rat were dissected and transplanted into the renal capsules to determine their odontogenic capability .
meanwhile abcs w... |
aging is associated with adipose tissue increase , lean mass decrease and water content1 ( table 1 ) .
angiotensin decrease and altered baroreceptorial function cause a minor and delayed response to brain thirst perception.2 other age - related changes are the inability of the kidneys to retain sodium and concentrate... | the present study describes a case of laxative - induced rhabdomyolysis in an elderly patient .
an 87-year - old woman was hospitalized for the onset of confusion , tremors , an inability to walk , and a fever that she had been experiencing for 36 hours .
she often took high dosages of lactulose and sorbitol syrup ... |
cryptogenic ( of unknown cause ) ischemic strokes are now thought to comprise approximately 25% of all ischemic strokes .
most cryptogenic strokes are thromboembolic ( embolic stroke of undetermined source [ esus ] ) .
the thrombus is thought to originate from any of several well - established potential embolic sou... | patent foramen ovale ( pfo ) is growing in clinical interest because of a renewed focus on embolic stroke of undetermined source ( esus ) , the pfo attributable fraction ( the 10-point risk of paradoxical embolism score ) , technical advances in pfo diagnosis , and the emergence of endovascular device closure as a trea... |
in early stages of drug discovery , pharmacokinetic and drug metabolism and disposition studies were conducted in rodents , as they were relatively inexpensive and can be easily acquired and handled . in a typical pharmacokinetic ( pk )
study , new chemical entities ( nces ) are administered to rats via intravenous a... | a rapid sensitive and selective mrm based method for the determination of cremophor el ( crel ) in rat plasma was developed using liquid chromatography / tandem mass spectrometry ( lc - ms / ms ) .
crel and polypropylene glycol ( internal standard ) were extracted from rat plasma with acetonitrile and analysed on c18... |
plastics have become an indispensable part in today 's world , due to their lightweight , durability , and energy efficiency , coupled with a faster rate of production and design flexibility ; these plastics are employed in entire gamut of industrial and domestic areas ; hence , plastics have become essential materials... | the authors introduced waste plastic pyrolysis oil ( wppo ) as an alternative fuel characterized in detail and compared with conventional diesel .
high density polyethylene , hdpe , was pyrolyzed in a self - designed stainless steel laboratory reactor to produce useful fuel products .
hdpe waste was completely pyro... |
in cardiovascular disease , the availability and utilization of individual services and procedures , such as percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ) and coronary artery bypass graft ( cabg ) surgery , vary widely between facilities.1 , 2 however , a comprehensive assessment of a hospital 's available cardiovascular ... | backgroundthe availability of hospital cardiac services may vary between hospitals and influence care processes and outcomes .
however , data on available cardiac services are restricted to a limited number of services collected by the american hospital association ( aha ) annual survey .
we developed an alternativ... |
monoclonal gammopathy with undetermined significance ( mgus ) is a premalignant condition that can progress to multiple myeloma , waldenstrom macroglobulinemia , amyloid light - chain amyloidosis , or other lymphoproliferative disorder . a monoclonal spike ( m - protein ) on serum protein electrophoresis
is known to ... | monoclonal gammopathy with undetermined significance ( mgus ) carries a risk of progression to multiple myeloma , and progression is usually diagnosed with changes in m - protein or bone marrow biopsy .
we report a case of 62-year - old female patient showing mgus progression to multiple myeloma without significant c... |
endotracheal intubation is a common procedure in the nicu and accurate positioning of the endotracheal tube ( ett ) is essential to prevent associated morbidity .
this is applied more so in cases of extremely premature babies where the trachea is much shorter , leaving little margin for error .
given that the diffe... | objectives . to examine current opinions and practices regarding endotracheal tube placement across several canadian neonatal intensive care units . design .
clinical directors from canadian neonatal network affiliated nicus and neonatal - perinatal programs across canada were invited via email to participate in and ... |
infection with human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) has remained an important public health problem.1234 testing for hiv infection has been an important preventive strategy , and in 2006 , the centers for disease control and prevention ( cdc ) published revised guidelines for performing hiv testing in health care setti... | background : human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( aids ) is a lifestyle - related disease .
this disease is transmitted through unprotected sex , contaminated needles , infected blood transfusion and from mother to child during pregnancy and delivery .
prevention of infection wi... |
in
summary , the elongational dynamics of
polymer semidilute solutions under electrostatic fields is predicted
to include a fast axial stretching of the polymer network accompanied
by a radial contraction toward the core , resulting in a higher polymer
concentration and axial orientation at the fiber center .... | the properties of polymeric nanofibers
can be tailored and enhanced
by properly managing the structure of the polymer molecules at the
nanoscale . although electrospun polymer fibers are increasingly exploited
in many technological applications , their internal nanostructure ,
determining their improved physi... |
function preserving alternatives have now become the norm without compromising on overall disease survival and have resulted in a documented improvement in overall quality of life of patients compared with those with an amputation .
the advent of better imaging modalities , more effective chemotherapy , improved radi... | the treatment of musculoskeletal sarcomas has made vast strides in the last few decades . from an era where amputation was the only option to the current day function
preserving resections and complex reconstructions has been a major advance .
the objectives of extremity reconstruction after oncologic resection inc... |
the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) is increasing these years with the improvement of people 's living standard , the changes of life style , and the increasing aging population .
yang et al . reported that the prevalence of diabetes in adults over 20 years old was 9.7% and the prevalence of prediabet... | objectives . to explore the difference of glucose fluctuations between the normal subjects and diabetes mellitus ( dm ) patients and explore their impact on the development of cad in type 2 dm patients . methods .
the subjects were divided into 3 groups : normal control ( group a , n = 40 ) , type 2 dm patients witho... |
the incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism ( phpt ) is increasing with rate of 42:100,000 per year . while in women over 60 years of age the average annual incidence rate approaches 190:100,000 per year ( 1 ) .
whether this gradual rise reflects a true increase in the incidence of phpt , a greater use of routine te... | backgroundbilateral neck exploration is the gold standard for parathyroid adenoma localization in primary hyperparathyroidism . but surgeons do not have adequate experience for accurate surgical exploration and new methods are developed for surgery like unilateral exploration and minimally invasive surgery , thus , pre... |
as in other types of cells , hypertonically stressed brain cells regulate their volume initially by the rapid uptake of electrolytes3 ) . with a prolonged elevation of plasma osmolality ,
these solutes have historically been termed " idiogenic osmoles " because they were unidentified and thought to be produced by the... | hypernatremia reflects a net water loss or a hypertonic sodium gain , with inevitable hyperosmolality .
severe symptoms are usually evident only with acute and large increases in plasma sodium concentrations to above 158 - 160
mmol / l .
importantly , the sensation of intense thirst that protects against severe h... |
the effort of imitating the beauty of natural teeth in the esthetic dentistry led to the development of ceramic copings which had similar translucency and strength to natural teeth .
the translucency of coping was recognized as one of the key factors determining the optical characteristics of all - ceramic restoratio... | purposethe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of abutment shade , ceramic thickness , and coping type on the final shade of zirconia all - ceramic restorations.materials and methodsthree different types of disk - shaped zirconia coping specimens ( lava , cercon , zirkonzahn : 10 mm 0.4 mm ) were fabricated an... |
the traditional approach involves taking the patient to the operating room in an urgent time frame for irrigation and debridement of the open wound and bone ends through an extensile incision .
this method is still recommended in most orthopedic textbooks and review articles [ 14 ] .
however , it has recently been ... | backgroundthe management of pediatric type i open
fractures remains controversial .
there has been no consistent protocol established in the literature for the non - operative management of these injuries.methodsa protocol was developed at our institution for the non - operative management of pediatric type i open ... |
left main coronary artery stenosis is a serious condition and can result in patient death . early recognition and
symptoms are often clear and patient can develop chest pain during exercise or at rest .
patient can also present with pulmonary edema and acute left ventricular dysfunction . in this report
, we desc... | iatrogenic coronary artery disease following prosthetic valve implantation is a rare complication .
this may result from mechanical injury in the intraoperative period .
the use of balloon tip perfusion catheter presumably provides the initial insult with local vessel wall hypoxia . once the diagnosis of coronary o... |
a 68-year - old caucasian woman , with a history of gastritis and light cerebral stroke with leptomeningeal involvement registered by magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) , presented with bilateral glass wool - like vitreous opacities and whitish deposits mimicking lens fragments in the right eye .
fluorescein angiogra... | pathological examination of material from a nonextensive pars plana vitrectomy ( ppv ) in the right eye provided a diagnosis of nonfamilial amyloidosis in a 68-year - old woman , who presented with bilateral glass wool - like vitreous opacities .
genetic testing revealed a tyr114cys mutation in the transthyretin gene... |
body mass index ( bmi ) has become a cornerstone for categorization of overweight and obesity in youths after the global introduction of age- and gender - specific growth curves . however , bmi does not distinguish between fat and lean body mass , which might provide misleading data on body fat content during growth an... | background : age- and gender - specific percentiles of body mass index in children and adolescents are a cornerstone categorizing overweight and obesity in youths worldwide . since corresponding worldwide growth curves of percent body fat ( % bf ) are missing , the purpose was to contribute smoothed percentiles of perc... |
asteroid hyalosis of the vitreous is found in 1.2% of the population , according to the beaver dam eye study.1 this condition is more frequent with aging as it is found in 0.2% of 43- to 54-year - old patients and in 2.9% of 75- to 86-year - old patients.1 this degenerative condition appears clinically as yellow - whit... | two asymptomatic elderly women who underwent cataract extraction 7 or more years previously and with intraocular lens placement presented with a linear bead - like white multinodular mass in the inferior angle simulating iris metastasis versus large inflammatory precipitates .
there was no iris infiltration .
in th... |
the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease defines chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) as a
common preventable and treatable disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation that is usually progressive and associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and th... | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality .
current therapies confer partial benefits either by incompletely improving airflow limitation or by reducing acute exacerbations , hence new therapies are desirable . in the absence of robust early predictors of clinical effi... |
it includes
factors such as posture control , standing straight reaction , and protection reaction1 .
since body segments are connected to each
other , a change in body alignment in one part induces compensatory movement in other parts
and eventually induces postural sway and instability .
there are some trai... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ankle loads on balance
ability and to suggest an appropriate load amount . [ subjects and methods ] the
31 healthy subjects randomly put 0% , 1% , and 2% body weight loads on their ankles using a
strap , and limit of stability
was measured usi... |
cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in females worldwide , with 500,000 new patients and 300,000 deaths due to this cancer reported globally each year ( 1 ) . among cervical cancer cases ,
80% occur in developing countries ( 2 ) and about 70% are identified as advanced cancer ( 3 ) .
treatment of cervi... | neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery ( ncs ) has not been fully evaluated clinically .
currently , the main regimen of neoadjuvant chemotherapy ( nac ) used in ncs includes cisplatin .
the antitumor effects of nac reduce lymph node metastasis and the tumor diameter in patients prior to surgery , and this ca... |
tuberculosis ( tb ) remains a tremendous global health problem , with recent estimates of almost 9 million new cases annually and 1.4 million deaths ( 1 ) .
in addition , multidrug - resistant ( mdr ) and extensively drug - resistant ( xdr ) strains that resist the most effective chemotherapies have become increasing... | abstractgenetic engineering has contributed greatly to our understanding of mycobacterium tuberculosis biology and has facilitated antimycobacterial and vaccine development .
however , methods to generate m. tuberculosis deletion mutants remain labor - intensive and relatively inefficient . here , methods are descri... |
an estimated 235,030 new breast cancer cases are expected to occur for the year in 2014 ( 3 ) .
consequently , more women are living with the negative effects of cancer , either by the disease itself , or as a result of treatment ( radiation , chemotherapy , hormonal therapy etc . ) .
some of the negative effects i... | breast cancer survivors can experience a myriad of physical and psychological benefits as a result of regular exercise . this study aimed to build on previous research using lower impact exercise programs by using an antigravity (
alter - g ) treadmill to administer cardiovascular training .
the purpose of this stu... |
atypical odontalgia ( ao ) is a persistent pain condition located in the teeth and jaws .
it has been described as a persistent neuropathic pain that may be initiated after the deafferentiation of trigeminal nerve fibers following a root canal treatment , an apicoectomy , or a tooth extraction , or it may be of idiop... | background .
a few studies have found somatosensory abnormalities in atypical odontalgia ( ao ) patients .
the aim of the study is to explore the presence of specific abnormalities in facial pain patients that can be considered as psychophysical factors predisposing to ao .
materials and methods .
the ao subjec... |
autologous fat transplantation as a means for aesthetic reconstruction has been described in the literature for soft tissue damage as early as 1893 .
liposuction , purification and re - implantation are referred to as the primary steps in performing autologous fat grafting .
unfortunately , the ease of harvesting t... | autologous fat tissue transfer for aesthetic reconstruction has been described in the literature for soft tissue damage as early as 1893 .
one area that has yet to be described is the role of fat grafting in post - traumatic lower extremity injuries . in this case report
, we present a patient who had significant i... |
2 renal transplant and immunosuppression used for desensitization in abo incompatible renal transplant could be the reason for development of a hematological malignancy in our case .
on postoperative day 2 , he had graft thrombosis due to a surgical cause , and graft nephrectomy was done .
patient 's elder brother ... | abo incompatible kidney transplant recipients receive higher dose of immunosuppression .
previous data indicate that the incidence of malignancy is not higher in these patients . compared to the general population ,
renal transplant recipients are at 4.4-fold higher risk of developing myeloma .
we describe a case... |
neuroendocrine tumours ( nets ) are a rare but very heterogeneous group of neoplasms [ 1 , 2 ] .
although many of nets are clinically silent , presenting with symptoms of mass effects or distant metastases [ 13 ] , they often lead to debilitating symptoms like diarrhea and flush , which deteriorates patients ' qualit... | the heterogeneous nature of the neuroendocrine tumors ( net ) makes it challenging to find one uniformly applicable management protocol which is especially true for diagnosis .
the discovery of the overexpression of somatostatin receptors ( sms - r ) on neuroendocrine tumor cells lead to the generalized and rapid acc... |
enucleation has long been used for the treatment of ocular diseases such as intraocular malignancy , severe trauma , and blind painful eye .
the major purpose of enucleation is to remove the diseased globe intact and to provide a cosmetically acceptable appearance .
the first orbital removal for medical treatment w... | objective . this study aimed to define cbct as a technique for postimplantation in vivo examination of porous hydroxyapatite and aluminium - oxide orbital implant shape , volume and density changes .
methods and materials .
cbct was used to evaluate 30 enucleated patients treated with spherical polyglactin 910 wrap... |
alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , parkinson 's disease , and age - related memory disorders always remain in keen interest of researchers .
ad is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by the appearance of neurofibrillary tangles , neuritic plagues within the brain of ad patients , rapid loss of... | inhibition of acetylcholinesterase ( ache ) and butyrylcholinesterase ( bche ) is considered a promising strategy for the treatment of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) .
this research project aims to provide a comprehensive knowledge of newly synthesized coumarin analogues with anti - ad potential . in the present work a ... |
neutrophils are the most abundant of all white blood cells and play a key role in host protection against microbial infections and in inflammation .
hepatitis b and inflammatory bowel disease are common examples for this correlation , leading to hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer , respectively .
ne... | neutrophils are the most abundant of all white blood cells in the human circulation and are usually associated with inflammation and with fighting infections . in recent years
the role immune cells play in cancer has been a matter of increasing interest . in this context
the function of neutrophils is controversial... |
inpatient suicide is an important issue which has significant administrative , legislative , and therapeutic underpinnings .
it is defined by ohemichen and staak , as the suicide of a patient during in - patient treatment , both inside and outside the hospital setting , e.g. , during a leave , an outing , a trial di... | objective : risk factors for inpatient suicide are different from those in the general population .
we examined sociodemographic and clinical variables of patients who committed suicide as an inpatient in a psychiatric hospital in india.methods:matched retrospective nested case
control design was adopted .
ten pa... |
in technological practice , removal of nitrogen is most often accomplished using autotrophic nitrification followed by heterotrophic denitrification . for the removal of nitrogen , reactors containing activated sludge , biofilm , or granular sludge are employed .
the latter type of biomass structure possesses many de... | it is possible to cultivate aerobic granular sludge at a low organic loading rate and organics - to - total nitrogen ( cod / n ) ratio in wastewater in the reactor with typical geometry ( height / diameter = 2.1 , superficial air velocity = 6 mm / s ) .
the noted nitrification efficiency was very high ( 99% ) . ... |
in oncology , detection of tumor , staging of disease , and monitoring of therapy are important for patient management and prognosis .
cancer patients undergo a number of different imaging studies throughout the course of their disease .
various imaging investigations are available and the resulting images are revi... | in the last decade , pet - only systems have been phased out and replaced with pet - ct systems .
this merger of a functional and anatomical imaging modality turned out to be extremely useful in clinical practice . currently , pet - ct is a major diagnostic tool in oncology . at the dawn of the merger of mri and pet ... |
sex chromosomes have repeatedly and independently evolved in plant and animal species with genetic sex - determination mechanisms ( bull 1983 ) . although some taxonomic groups appear to have stable sex chromosomes that have been conserved across hundreds of millions of years of evolution , there are many examples of s... | closely related species of fishes often have different sex chromosome systems .
such rapid turnover of sex chromosomes can occur by several mechanisms , including fusions between an existing sex chromosome and an autosome .
these fusions can result in a multiple sex chromosome system , where a species has both an a... |
mucopolysaccharidosis type i ( mps i ) is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by a deficiency of -l - iduronidase , an enzyme required for the degradation of the glycosaminoglycans dermatan and heparan sulfate .
the estimated incidence of mps i is 1 in every 100,000 live births . due to the chronic and progress... | purpose : in this study , we aimed to describe the natural history of mucopolysaccharidosis i.methods:data from 1,046 patients who enrolled in the mps i registry as of august 2013 were available for descriptive analysis . only data from untreated patients and data prior to treatment for patients who received treatment ... |
laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( lc ) has the advantages of limited post - operative pain and shorter hospitalization compared with open cholecystectomy ; however , lc has an increased risk of bile duct injury and vascular complications . in a series involving 77,604 cases , the incidence of total vascular complications ... | a hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm is a rare , but a potentially life - threatening complication after laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( lc ) .
obstructive jaundice owing to a hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm after lc has never been reported .
we report a patient with a hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm after lc who presented w... |
this devastating disease is characterized by the presence of senile plaques ( sp ) , neurofibrillary tangles ( nfts ) , and loss of synapses .
although ad has been known for over 100 years , the exact mechanism(s ) of ad progression or pathogenesis largely remain unknown .
mutations of presenilin-1 ( ps-1 ) , prese... | alzheimer disease ( ad ) is an age - related progressive neurodegenerative disorder .
this devastating disease is characterized by the presence of senile plaques ( sp ) , neurofibrillary tangles ( nfts ) , and loss of synapses .
amyloid beta - peptide 142 ( a(142 ) ) is the main component of sp and is pivotal to ad... |
cell function is governed by an intricate web of physical and functional links between proteins .
information about the details of this interaction network is dispersed in the scientific literature in a format that is not easily accessible for large scale analysis . over the past few years
, a number of protein - i... | many protein interactions are mediated by small protein modules binding to short linear peptides . domino
( ) is an open - access database comprising more than 3900 annotated experiments describing interactions mediated by protein - interaction domains .
domino can be searched with a versatile search tool and the i... |
critically ill patients often need blood transfusion or any other blood product when they are facing a life threatening situation .
however , some patients , such as jehovah s witnesses ( jw ) , may refuse their administration due to religious beliefs .
based on those believes , humans must not sustain life with ot... | blood transfusion many times works in a life - saving way when a patient is facing a critical situation . however , some patients , such as jehovah s witnesses , may refuse their administration because it opposes to their religion beliefs .
thus , clinicians are forced to respect patients preferences and seek other t... |
although the polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ; [ 1 , 2 ] ) is the most widely used method , newer more sensitive techniques are favored for some applications particularly diagnostic testing .
mediated isothermal amplification ( lamp ; ) is perhaps the most promising of these new methods .
lamp can quickly generate... | we present elamp , a perl script , with tk graphical interface , that electronically simulates loop - mediated amplification ( lamp ) allowing users to efficiently test putative lamp primers on a set of target sequences .
elamp can match primers to templates using either exact ( via builtin perl regular expressions )... |
the number of latinos in the us doubled during the past decade , boosted by an above - average fertility rate and intensive migratory flow from latin america.1 latinos now represent 15.5% of total us residents , constituting the largest ethnic minority group in the country . despite this growth
, latinos still experi... | objectivewe sought to determine the differences in observed and unobserved factors affecting rates of health insurance coverage between us latino adults and us latino adults of mexican ancestry .
our hypothesis was that latinos of mexican ancestry have worse health insurance coverage than their non - mexican latino c... |
adult subjects with type 2 diabetes were screened and enrolled if they were 1880 years of age , had a1c between 7 and 11% ( prestudy oad monotherapy for 3 months ) or between 7 and 10% ( prestudy combination oad therapy for 3 months ) , and had bmi 40 kg / m .
subjects were excluded if they had used insulin during th... | objective the efficacy and safety of adding liraglutide ( a glucagon - like peptide-1 receptor agonist ) to metformin were compared with addition of placebo or glimepiride to metformin in subjects previously treated with oral antidiabetes ( oad ) therapy.research design and methods in this 26-week , double - blind , ... |
acute pulmonary embolism ( pe ) is a common life - threatening condition and represents the most serious manifestation of venous thromboembolic disease .
acute pe interferes with both the circulation and gas exchange and right ventricular ( rv ) failure due to pressure overload is considered as the primary cause of d... | a case of 60-year - old male with acute pulmonary embolism without hypotension but signs of right ventricular dysfunction and elevated cardiac biomarkers is reported in this study .
the patient comes under intermediate high - risk category and was successfully thrombolysed with alteplase infused through pulmonary art... |
anterior cervical discectomy and inter - body fusion ( acdf ) with stand - alone cages ( sac ) has been regarded as an acceptable treatment option for symptomatic cervical degenerative disease .
not a few previous reports have described that acdf with sac is satisfactory in terms of radiographic and clinical results1... | objectivethe purpose of this study was to evaluate long - term follow - up radiologic / clinical outcomes of patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and inter - body fusion ( acdf ) with stand - alone cages ( sac ) in a single academic institution.methodstotal 99 patients who underwent acdf with sac between... |
lactobacillus strains are extensively used as probiotics in the food industry , and certain lactobacillus species are also of importance in general health , providing a beneficial microflora in the oral cavity , intestinal tract [ 2 , 3 ] , and vagina .
the genus lactobacillus contains a diverse assemble of gram - po... | this study aimed to develop a 16s rrna pcr - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ( dgge ) to identify the species level of lactobacillus casei group and to investigate their characteristics of acid production and inhibitory effect .
pcr - dgge has been developed based on the 16s rrna gene , and a set of hda-1-gc ... |
. increased intracellular levels of the rois , superoxide ( o2- ) , hydroxyl radical ( oh ) , or hydrogen peroxide ( h2o2 ) are referred to as oxidative stress .
also , cigarette smoking can cause an acute inflammatory reaction in the lung , characterized by the accumulation and activation of leukocytes in vivo , pro... | backgroundsince lung epithelial cells are constantly being exposed to reactive oxygen intermediates ( rois ) , the alveolar surface is a major site of oxidative stress , and each cell type may respond differently to oxidative stress .
we compared the extent of oxidative dna damage with that of mitochondrial injury in... |
it can cause pain ( 1 ) , discomfort and lead to joint contractures and prevent functional mobility . according to different authors
early intensive therapy has been shown to speed up functional recovery following a stroke ( 3 ) .
however , limited therapy resources in many hospitals inhibit intensive therapy in da... | introduction : after stroke , spasticity is often the main problem that prevents functional recovery .
pain occurs in up to 70% of patients during the first year post-stroke.materials and methods : a total of 70 patients ( 30 female and 45 male ) mean age ( 65.67 ) participated in prospective , controlled study .
i... |
a recent study has investigated the concept of subjective memory complaints ( smc ) and suggested that the understanding of these complaints is of great relevance.1 some studies indicate that the presence of any type of smc may reflect objective memory impairment or be predictive of future dementia.25 amariglio et al i... | backgroundwe aimed to discriminate individuals with depressive state from individuals with cognitive impairment among community - dwelling people using the subjective memory complaints ( smc ) scale.methodsthe study group consisted of 289 volunteers ( over 60 years old ; 104 males and 185 females ) .
participants smc... |
chronic renal failure ( crf ) in pregnancy is relatively rare with an incidence of 0.03 - 0.12% of all pregnancies .
it is associated with higher maternal and fetal complications such as pre - eclampsia , anemia , chronic hypertension and prematurity .
this report describes the anesthetic management of a parturient... | chronic renal failure is rare in pregnancy and often results in significant maternal and neonatal morbidity . when possible , preoperative dialysis is useful to optimize fluid and electrolyte balance .
we describe the perioperative management of a parturient who persistently refused dialysis , had an uneventful cesar... |
this report is based on the 15-year collection of blood samples from a rural population in leppvirta , savolax , finland , whose selenium status was followed by annual blood sampling .
volunteers for the periodontal examination were recruited by a questionnaire , and 9 men and 12 women participated . during the 15 ye... | background plasma antibody measurements of antibody levels to periodontal pathogens may be used to support diagnosis , disease activity , classification , and prognosis of periodontitis.objective the aim of this study was to investigate the long - term stability of plasma antibody levels against aggregatibacter actinom... |
epstein - barr virus ( ebv)-positive diffuse large b - cell lymphoma ( dlbcl ) of the elderly was included in the 2008 who classification as a new provisional entity and is defined as blastic , clonal b - cell proliferation associated with ebv occurring in patients > 50 years of age , presumably due to senescence of th... | a 94-year - old female patient presented with anorexia and left axillar lymphadenopathy on admission .
her past history was angina pectoris at 83 years of age and total gastrectomy due to gastric cancer at 87 years .
the family history revealed that her son had had a malignant lymphoma , the histopathological diagn... |
more than 35 million people have dementia worldwide and the prevalence is expected to double in the next 20 years .
medicines are available for treatment of symptoms but provide limited benefit and do not prevent ad .
the cause of ad is not completely understood , but a widely held view of its pathogenesis is based... | alzheimer 's disease is the most prevalent cause of dementia and is associated with accumulation of amyloid- peptide ( a ) , particularly the 42-amino acid a1 - 42 , in the brain .
a1 - 42 levels can be decreased by -secretase modulators ( gsm ) , which are small molecules that modulate -secretase , an enzyme essenti... |
guidelines from the european association of urology ( eau ) for the treatment of renal stones recommend extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy ( eswl ) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( pcnl ) as the standard therapies .
eswl is recommended as the therapy of first choice for renal stones < 20 mm , and the success rat... | purposethe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of retrograde intrarenal surgery ( rirs ) for the treatment of renal stones and to analyze the predictive factors for stone-free.materials and methodswe retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent rirs for renal stones from january ... |
compomers ( polyacid - modified composite resins ) are esthetic materials chemically similar to the well - established composite resins8 .
they were introduced to the dental profession in the early 1990s10 , and were intended to combine the benefits of traditional composite resins and those of glass - ionomer cements... | objective : the aim of this study was to investigate how the release of fluoride from two compomers and a fluoridated composite resin was affected by exposure to kf solution.material and methods : two compomers ( dyract ap and compoglass f ) and one fluoridated composite ( wave ) were prepared as discs ( 6 mm diameter ... |
the superiority , in terms of clinical outcomes , of mitral valve repair over mitral valve replacement have made it the procedure of choice for the treatment of most pathological conditions of the mitral valve .
many papers which provided the long - term results of mitral valve replacement ( mvr ) using a biological ... | abstractmitral valve surgery has changed with the wide acceptance of mitral valve repair .
the aim of this study is to obtain the long - term results of patients who underwent mitral valve replacement ( mvr ) using a biological prosthesis in contemporary practice in japan . from january 1990
to december 2013 , 76 p... |
amisulpride is a substituted benzamide that , at low doses , selectively blocks d2 and d3 presynaptic dopamine receptors , enhancing dopaminergic transmission in frontal cortex and limbic areas .
many clinical studies versus placebo , tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors showed amisul... | in recent years , there has been an increasing trend to use amisulpride in the treatment of dysthymia and also as an adjunct treatment in patients with major depression . at low doses ( 50 mg ) ,
amisulpride preferentially blocks presynaptic auto receptors , enhances dopamine release , and therefore acts as a dopamin... |
the nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) have remained the mainstay of the treatment and management of inflammatory disorders . despite enormous innovations in novel drug delivery systems ( ndds ) through alternative routes ,
oral drug delivery of nsaids has been the most common and preferred route of dr... | in this study , goat fat ( capra hircus ) and melon oil were extracted and used to formulate self - nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems ( snedds ) based on either goat fat alone or its admixture with melon oil by employing escalating ratios of oil(s ) , surfactant blend ( 1 : 1 tween 60 and tween 80 ) , and cosurfa... |
the n - methyl d - aspartate ( nmda ) receptors are one of the major subclasses of glutamatergic receptors that have critical roles in normal physiological processes such as neuronal proliferation , migration , and plasticity , as well as in pathological conditions , such as epilepsy and neurodegeneration [ 4 , 5 ] . f... | we have previously demonstrated the therapeutic potential of inducing a humoral response with autoantibodies to the n - methyl d - aspartate ( nmda ) receptor using a genetic approach . in this study
, we generated three recombinant proteins to different functional domains of the nmda receptor , which is implicated i... |
this study was approved by the institutional review board of marshfield clinic and marshfield clinic research foundation .
fifteen mrsa isolates were recovered from 15 patients in a correctional facility over a 13-month period ( figure 1 ) .
the patients were housed in 7 of 10 units with a common recreation yard at... | a retrospective investigation of skin and soft tissue infections caused by community - associated methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus ( mrsa ) strains among inmates in a wisconsin correctional facility suggested a shift in mrsa genotype .
case timeline indicated a displacement of usa400 clone by usa300 clon... |
in 1957 , the introduction of the median sternotomy to allow access to intrathoracic organs by julian revolutionised the field of cardiothoracic surgery . since this landmark introduction , sternal wound infection and dehiscence
have been reported to occur in 0.210% and mortality rates in such cases range from 05 to ... | objective : to report our experience of the pectoralis major flap as the treatment modality for post coronary artery bypass sternal wound dehiscence.materials and methods : a retrospective study of 25 open heart surgery cases , performed between january 2006 and december 2010 at deenanath mangeshkar hospital , pune , w... |
this retrospective study was conducted in wuxi people s hospital affiliated to nanjing medical university , wuxi , china between august 2010 and june 2013 .
the study included 32 patients , ( 20 males and 12 females ) , with an average age of 43.6 years ( range 25 - 63 ) who underwent pffv , and 35 patients , ( 24 ma... | objective : to evaluate the role of posterior fixation including the fractured vertebra ( pffv ) for the treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral fractures.methods:sixty-seven patients that sustained a single - level thoracolumbar fracture were included in this retrospective study carried out in the wuxi people s hospital ... |
majority of human cancers are caused , mediated or modified by exogenous / endogenous environmental factors .
epidemiological studies have successfully demonstrated that certain well - defined exposures ( e.g. tobacco , alcohol , ionizing radiation , occupational carcinogens and viruses etc . )
increase the risk of... | cancer chemoprevention is fast becoming a lucrative approach for controlling cancer .
carcinogenesis being a complex multi - step , multi - factorial process , a number of chemopreventive interventions can be employed .
these strategies are generally directed against two broad events of carcinogenesis viz . , initi... |
plastic bronchitis ( pb ) has also been called fibrinous bronchitis , pseudomembranous bronchitis , hoffman 's bronchitis , and cast bronchitis .
it has been diagnosed in a variety of pulmonary pathologies including asthma , respiratory infections , cystic fibrosis , bronchiectasis , and acute chest syndrome a... | plastic bronchitis is a rare pulmonary disorder associated with various conditions like cystic fibrosis , asthma , pulmonary infection and characterized by formation and expectoration of cast which assumes the shape of the bronchial tree .
we report a case of a 33-year - old woman with beta thalassemia minor who deve... |
the diversity of plant species in brazil is a potential source of biologically active compounds .
the use of medicinal plants is a generalized practice in folk medicine for the treatment of different types of diseases [ 14 ] , and they are promising sources for the discovery of novel potentially therapeutic agents . ... | medicinal plants are still widely used worldwide ; yet for some species , little or no information is available concerning their biological activity , specially their genotoxic and antimutagenic potential .
mikania laevigata ( asteraceae ) is a native plant from south america , and its extracts are largely used to tr... |
tumor necrosis factor- ( tnf ) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by different cell types ( activated t lymphocytes , keratinocytes , langerhans cells , endothelial cells , cardiac myocytes , adipose tissue etc . ) and is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriatic skin lesions .
tnf inhibitors have become establis... | tumor necrosis factor- ( tnf ) inhibition is an effective treatment of moderate - to - severe psoriasis and other diseases ( rheumatoid arthritis , ankylosing spondylitis , psoriasis or crohn 's disease ) .
we report a case of a 32-years - old patient affected by crohn 's disease since the age of 25 who started infli... |
in this review we discuss the use of outbred mice to map the genetic basis of complex traits and consider how recent advances in full - genome sequencing technologies have aided this endeavour .
most of our examples are drawn from heterogeneous stocks ( hs ) ( talbot et al . 1999 ; valdar et al .
2006 ) and commerc... | thousands of loci that contribute to quantitative traits in outbred crosses of mice have been reported over the last two decades . in this review
we discuss how outbred mouse populations can be used to map and identify the genes and sequence variants that give rise to quantitative variation .
we discuss heterogeneo... |
diabetes mellitus is the most common serious metabolic disorder in humans and is clinically defined as a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia as a result of defects in insulin secretion or resistance to insulin action or both .
there are multiple types of diabetes , but the most common forms are... | background : diabetes mellitus is associated with cognitive deficits in humans and animals .
these deficits are paralleled by neurophysiological and structural changes in brain . in diabetic animals , impairments of spatial
learning , memory , and cognition occur in association with distinct changes in hippocampus ... |
the problem has reached epidemic proportions with nearly 20% of the american population affected , and representing a significant proportion of the total health care costs [ 1 , 2 ] .
in addition , the number of morbidly obese individuals with a body mass index ( bmi ) greater than 40 kg / m has also risen dramatica... | background .
many institutions mandate preoperative weight loss prior to bariatric surgery .
this study examines the correlation between preoperative weight change and postoperative success following laparoscopic roux - en - y gastric bypass
. methods .
we retrospectively studied the correlation between change ... |
micrornas ( mirs ) are small rna molecules which target many mrna transcripts , leading to their post - transcriptional silencing ( bartel , 2009 ) . many mrnas can be silenced by multiple mirs and mirs often target more than one mrna participating in a particular biological function ( bartel , 2009 ) .
together , th... | micrornas ( mirs ) have emerged as important gene silencers affecting many target mrnas . here , we report the identification of 244 mirs that target the 3-untranslated regions of different cholinesterase transcripts : 116 for butyrylcholinesterase ( bche ) , 47 for the synaptic acetylcholinesterase ( ache - s ) splice... |
theory and empirical data are in principle intimately interwoven . yet in the practice of social network analysis , there appears to be a disconnect : theorizing and empiricism often seem to occupy separate orbits , and these separate discussions may be difficult to relate to each other .
the root of the problem ma... | the connection between theory and data is an iterative one . in principle , each is informed by the other : data provide the basis for theory that in turn generates the need for new information .
this circularity is reflected in the notion of abduction , a concept that focuses on the space between induction ( generat... |
during 19931999 all pregnancies ( n = 1,215 ) in danish women with type 1 diabetes were reported prospectively to a central registry in the danish diabetes association ( 11 ) .
pregnancies were registered if the duration was 24 weeks , and only the first pregnancy during the study period was included . of the women ,... | objectiveto study the association between microalbuminuria and development of preeclampsia and preterm delivery in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes.research design and methodsthis was a population - based prospective study in 846 normoalbuminuric or microalbuminuric women with type 1 diabetes without antihypertensiv... |
bilateral fracture dislocation of the shoulder is a rare event [ 13 ] . in the presented case ,
the epileptic seizure of these patients was the causation for the injury . in literature , there are less than 40 cases of this type of injury described .
proper imaging is mandatory [ 4 , 5 ] as this injury is often not... | shoulder dislocations with fractures are a possible complication of an epileptic seizure and are often missed on the first sight .
the incidence of sustaining an avascular humeral head necrosis ( avn ) is high , and primary prosthetic replacement is the choice of treatment . in this paper , we describe such a rare ca... |
the insertion of dentistry in the multidisciplinary context of hematology - oncology is an important part of the success of cancer treatment .
oral complications can compromise the protocols of chemotherapy , possibly making it necessary to decrease the administered dose , the change in treatment protocol , or even d... | dental treatment of patients with leukemia should be planned on the basis of antineoplastic therapy which can be chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy and bone marrow transplantation . many are the oral manifestations presented by these patients , arising from leukemia and/or treatment .
in addition , performing ... |
increased microvascular permeability resulting in tissue edema is a hallmark of sepsis - related microcirculatory failure , and in this context leukocytes are thought to assume major importance .
however , the role of nitric oxide ( no ) in the interplay of inflammation , leukocyte endothelium interaction and increa... | increased microvascular permeability resulting in tissue edema is a hallmark of sepsis - related microcirculatory failure , and leukocyte endothelium interaction is thought to assume major importance in this context .
however , the role of nitric oxide ( no ) in the interplay of inflammation , leukocyte endothelium... |
a 76-year - old male underwent a left upper lobectomy with en bloc wedge resection of the superior segment of the left lower lobe using video - assisted thoracoscopic surgery ( vats ) for non - small - cell lung cancer of the left upper lobe .
chest radiography on the second postoperative day revealed atelectasis at ... | a 76-year - old male underwent a left upper lobectomy with wedge resection of the superior segment of the left lower lobe using video - assisted thoracoscopic surgery ( vats ) for non - small - cell lung cancer of the left upper lobe .
he presented with shortness of breath , fever , and leukocytosis .
chest radiogr... |
the midface comprises the medial portion of the face including the upper maxillary region and the zygomatico - orbito - maxillary complex .
facial bones , especially of the middle - third of the face , readily fracture more than bones in other parts of the body because they are composed of a network of fragile bones ... | aim : the aim of this study was to determine the pattern of midface trauma with associated concomitant injuries seen in our environment.methodology:this was a prospective analysis of trauma patients with midfacial injuries presenting at a referral center in south west nigeria .
in addition to socio - demographic data... |
tuberculosis of the spine is a dangerous form of skeletal tuberculosis and it constitutes 50 - 60% of all osteoarticular involvements.1 the lesion is a combination of a form of tuberculous osteomyelitis and arthritis that usually affects more than one vertebrae and may spread to the adjacent intervertebral discs.2 mech... | background : an accepted comprehensive clinical approach to the deformed spine with tuberculous infection is still lacking .
we aimed to determine the usage of a staged algorithm in the treatment of kyphotic spine with tuberculous infection and to present the clinical results of the patients treated with the help of ... |
we used two familybased studies in our genetic analyses of ssd : the cleveland ssd and denver ssd cohorts .
the details regarding subjects and recruitment methods for both cohorts are described elsewhere but are summarized below ( lewis et al .
the cleveland ssd cohort was collected at case western reserve universi... | abstracta major milestone of child development is the acquisition and use of speech and language .
communication disorders , including speech sound disorder ( ssd ) , can impair a child 's academic , social and behavioral development .
speech sound disorder is a complex , polygenic trait with a substantial genetic ... |
the mechanical causes of back pain include muscle strain and iliac crest apophysitis , sprained interspinous ligaments and kissing spines , thoracic and lumbar scheuermann s disease , intervertebral disc injuries , leg - length discrepancies , and traumatic and stress fractures of the vertebral body or posterior elemen... | we report a case of intractable chronic low - back pain in a gymnast that was caused by ligamentopathia in the interspinous region of the lumbar vertebrae . sprained interspinous ligaments are a common mechanical cause of acute low - back pain in athletes . although conservative therapy is generally effective in such c... |
cholesteatoma is a benign epithelial lesion , which destroys surrounding bone tissue as it grows and may lead to serious complications such as hearing loss , facial paralysis , vestibular disorders , and intracranial diseases . clinically in cholesteatoma , there is chronic or recurrent purulent discharge .
it has be... | introduction inflammation causes squamous epithelial transformation of the mucosa in the middle ear cavity and plays a role in the onset , growth , spread , and recurrence of cholesteatoma .
objectives the objective of this study is to investigate the systemic inflammatory effect in chronic otitis with cholesteatom... |
hypogonadotropic hypogonadism ( hh ) is a rare congenital or acquired disease characterized by the absent or inadequate secretion of gonadotropin - releasing hormone ( gnrh ) or gonadotropin .
congenital hh is also called idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism ( ihh ) , and it falls into two main types : kallmann s... | to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis in young men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism ( hh ) and to investigate the changes of bmd and metabolic parameters , a total of 22 young male patients with hh and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in the study .
bmd , biochemical , and hormonal parameters were measured in t... |
we analyzed fecal samples from 16 patients given a diagnosis of malaria at lwanga hospital in buikwe , uganda , who were undergoing treatment during october december 2010 ; twenty - eight employees of dzanga - sangha protected areas , central african republic , who when samples were obtained during november december ... | comparison of diagnostic methods for plasmodium spp . in humans from uganda and
the central african republic showed that parasites can be efficiently detected by pcr in fecal samples .
these results , which rely solely on pcr - based examination of feces , validate numerous estimates of the prevalence of malaria in... |
tracheomalacia is a structural abnormality of the tracheal cartilage causing collapse of its walls and airway obstruction .
tracheomalacia can be associated with various congenital anomalies , including cardiovascular defects , tracheoesophageal fistula and growth or developmental abnormalities .
primary tracheomal... | most infants with tracheomalacia do not need specific therapy as it usually resolves spontaneously by the age of 12 years .
severe forms of tracheomalacia characterized by recurrent respiratory infections require active treatment which includes chest physiotherapy , long term intubation or tracheostomy .
aortopexy ... |
all strategies ( immediate antibiotics , culture , or rapid testing ) will prevent most non - suppurative complications ( acute rheumatic fever ) . given the imperfect sensitivity of both culture and rapid testing
, these strategies may fail to prevent a low percentage of acute rheumatic fever cases , but given the l... | despite numerous controlled trials , clinical practice guidelines and cost - effective analyses , controversy persists regarding the appropriate management strategy for adult pharyngitis . in this perspective
, we explore this controversy by comparing two competing clinical guidelines .
although the guidelines appe... |
the variety of techniques used in palatoplasty have grown considerably from ancient times to the new millennium . since the beginning of the 20 century , the treatment objective in palatoplasty has not only been simple closure of the soft and hard palate but also improvement in speech and avoidance of abnormal maxillof... | treatment of the cleft palate has evolved over a long period of time .
various techniques of cleft palate repair that are practiced today are the results of principles learned through many years of modifications .
the challenge in the art of modern palatoplasty is no longer successful closure of the cleft palate bu... |
malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is an extremely rare tumor arising from the uncontrolled growth of melanocytes found in the basal layer of the oral mucous membranes .
melanocytes are neural crest - derived cells that migrate to the skin , mucous membranes and several other sites .
the incidence of melanoma ha... | oral mucosal melanoma is a rare malignancy with the tendency to metastasize and locally invade tissues more readily than other malignant tumor of the oral cavity .
it occurs approximately four times more frequently in the oral mucosa of the upper jaw usually on the palate or alveolar gingiva .
the chameleonic prese... |
idiopathic intracranial hypertension , or pseudotumor cerebri ( ptc ) , is a condition characterised by raised intracranial pressure not attributable to mass lesions , focal structural abnormalities or csf flow in the orientated and alert patient .
it is a recognised complication of a diverse array of underlying medi... | the cause of pseudotumor cerebri ( ptc ) is poorly understood although there is strong evidence that obesity plays a role in its development .
this report describes a patient with medically intractable ptc , who had continued symptoms despite undergoing a ventriculo - peritoneal ( vp ) shunt . following significant w... |
dental surgeons and oral health care workers are daily exposed to a variety of microorganisms including bacteria , viruses , protozoan through the patients and the working environment . in absence of proper preventive measures ,
the health care professionals are at high risk of exposure to various infectious diseases... | objective : our objective was to determine the efficacy of pre - procedural rinsing with chlorhexidine in reducing bacterial aerosol contamination during use of ultrasonic scaler and comparing the efficacy of water , non - tempered chlorhexidine and tempered chlorhexidine in reducing bacterial count in aerosols when us... |
encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is a rare but potentially fatal complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis .
the diagnosis of eps can be challenging , especially in developing countries due to the high prevalence of tuberculous peritonitis .
we report a case in which surgery followed by immunosupp... | encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis ( eps ) is an infrequent but serious complication of long - term peritoneal dialysis with 50% mortality and lack consensus on treatment .
the pathogenesis of eps is ill understood , and diagnosis lacks specificity and relies on clinical , radiographic and microscopic evaluation . si... |
if perception corresponds to hypothesis testing ( gregory 1980 ) , then visual searches could correspond to experiments that generate sensory data . in this paper , we explore the idea that saccadic eye movements are optimal experiments , in which data are gathered to test hypotheses or beliefs about how those data are... | how much about our interactions with and experience of our world can be deduced from basic principles ?
this paper reviews recent attempts to understand the self - organised behaviour of embodied agents , like ourselves , as satisfying basic imperatives for sustained exchanges with the environment . in brief
, on... |
aravan virus was isolated from the brain of one lesser mouse - eared bat ( myotis blythi ) during a survey of 269 bats collected in the osh region of kyrghyzstan from 1988 to 1992 ( 30,32 ) .
aravan virus infected mouse brains were impressed on glass slides , air - dried , and fixed with acetone . to detect the lyss... | the aravan virus was isolated from a lesser mouse - eared bat ( myotis blythi ) in the osh region of kyrghyzstan , central asia , in 1991 .
we determined the complete sequence of the nucleoprotein ( n ) gene and compared it with those of 26 representative lyssaviruses obtained from databases .
the aravan virus was ... |
out - of - hospital cardiac arrest ( ohca ) is one of the main causes of death in europe .
a systematic review including 67 peer - reviewed studies published from 1990 to 2008 concludes that the incidence of emergency medical service ( ems ) attended ohca in europe is 86.4 per 100,000 inhabitants per year .
that re... | aimssurvival to hospital discharge after out - of - hospital cardiac arrest ( ohca ) varies widely .
this study describes short - term survival after ohca in a region with an extensive care path and a follow - up of 1 year.methodsconsecutive patients 16 years admitted to the emergency department between april 2011 ... |
various techniques of transpedicular lumbar and thoracic stabilization were introduced and steadily developed during the past decades and have become the mainstay of spinal instrumentation . subsequently ,
various methods of intraoperative control of the implanted screws are currently practiced . in this study
, we... | study design : retrospective study.objective:the aim was to find out whether intraoperative three - dimensional imaging after transpedicular positioning of kirschner wire ( k - wire ) in lumbar and thoracic posterior instrumentation procedures is of benefit to the patients and if this technique is accurately enough to ... |
cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive response of the heart that preserves cardiac pump function under adverse conditions , and prolonged hypertrophy is one of the major predictors of heart failure [ 1 , 2 ] .
previous studies demonstrated that endothelin-1 ( et-1 ) plays a critical role in the induction of myocyte hype... | peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor ( ppar ) plays a role in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy , although its underlying mechanism remains unclear .
the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ppar activation on endothelin-1- ( et-1- ) caused cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and explore its under... |
drug reactions are unwanted reactions of the body that occur following the administration of drugs and that are not characteristic of the desired pharmacodynamic effects .
the pattern of drug reactions and the offending drugs show changing trends with the introduction of newer drugs .
drug reactions are most often ... | background : drug eruptions range from transient erythema to the life threatening severe cutaneous adverse reactions ( scar ) that encompass stevens johnson syndrome ( sjs ) , toxic epidermal necrolysis ( ten ) , acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis ( agep ) and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic sympt... |
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