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ultra - minimum incision personalized intratumoral chemoimmunotherapy ( umipic ) can induce more inflammatory responses in local lung cancer tumors and increase survival time . it is noninvasive , and potentially effective for high specificity and prolonged survival with acceptable safety . precise treatments can b...
aimthe objective of the study reported here was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of hapten - enhanced chemoimmunotherapy in the treatment of advanced lung cancer by ultra - minimum incision personalized intratumoral chemoimmunotherapy ( umipic ) and to analyze the effect of this immune booster.materials and methodsa...
in this report , the case of a 62-year - old man with imt recurrence of bladder secondary to prostate is presented . the possible etiology of imt is discussed , along with its clinical manifestation and pathological features . it can affect any part of the body , but is most commonly seen in the lungs , mesen...
summarybackgroundinflammatory myofibroblastic tumor ( imt ) is a rare borderline tumor . the nomenclature of this disease is confused in the literature.case reportin this report , the case of a 62-year - old man with imt recurrence of bladder secondary to prostate is presented . the possible etiology of imt is disc...
general anaesthesia ( ga ) clearly affects brain function in the post - operative period . impairment of attention , memory , reaction time , and depressed level of consciousness are often reported . delayed functional recovery as a consequence of cognitive dysfunction would lead to prolonged hospital stay in patie...
background and aims : general anaesthesia ( ga ) may cause post - operative impairment of cognition and memory . this is of importance where time to discharge after anaesthesia is short as after laparoscopic cholecystectomy . this study was conducted to compare the effects of propofol and sevoflurane on cognitive f...
molecular imaging , defined as characterization and measurement of biological and cellular processes in vitro and in vivo , is a noninvasive approach for monitoring the biodistribution and interactions of a molecule in vivo.1 among the various molecular imaging modalities , noninvasive optical imaging enables tracking ...
backgroundunderstanding how nanomaterials are distributed in the body after exposure is important for assessing whether they are safe . in this study , we investigated the behavior and accumulation of nanoscaled and submicron - scaled zinc oxide ( zno ) particles in the body using optical imaging following oral exposur...
the founding of the royal society in 1660 proved a watershed moment for the seventeenth - century 's nascent natural history movement , providing its advocates with public recognition of their approach to knowledge - making and a focal point around which to organise their activities . although the early royal society...
this article examines the career and reform agenda of christopher merrett as a means of evaluating the changing conditions of medical knowledge production in late seventeenth - century london . this period was characterised by increasing competition between medical practitioners , resulting from the growing consumer ...
directional cell migration is a complex process that requires spatially and temporally co - ordinated regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics . in response to external cues , signals are transduced to elicit cytoskeletal responses . it has emerged that reactive oxygen species , including hydrogen peroxide , are i...
isolated foot drop of a single leg is the weakness of the dorsiflexor muscles of the foot , and this usually arises painlessly due to peripheral neuropathy , such as peroneal nerve damage or radiculopathy . here , we introduce a case presenting sudden isolated foot drop caused by a small cerebral cortical infarction ...
although they usually originate from peripheral problems , foot drop is caused by lesions affecting the neural pathway related to dorsiflexor muscles , whether of central or peripheral origin . we present a patient with sudden isolated foot drop caused by a small infarct in the primary motor cortex mimicking a periph...
the dentogingival junction to the tooth surface is composed of a fibrous , supracrestal connective tissue attachment and an epithelial attachment ( junctional epithelium ) , and its dimensions have been delineated from autopsy jaw specimens by gargiulo et al . the supracrestal soft tissue attachment of the periodonta...
background : the dimensions of dentogingival junction have been evaluated from autopsy jaw specimens . previous studies demonstrated variability in histologic biologic width ( bw ) in periodontal health and mild periodontitis . few studies have been done on the measurement of clinical bw in periodontitis . bw var...
modern approaches and newer medicines have changed the way in which diseases are treated and prevented . however , inspite of all their benefits , adverse effects due to medicines are common cause of morbidity and mortality . in a recent systematic review done by tach et al . , it was observed that the median adver...
background : lack of knowledge of pharmacovigilance ( phv ) and adverse event ( ae ) reporting culture among the healthcare providers have been identified as major factors for under reporting of ae in developing countries . hence , this study was planned to assess and compare the knowledge , attitude , and practices ...
acupuncture has been used widely in many asian countries for thousands of years to control various diseases and symptoms , and it has recently become globalized . although it has documented safety and efficacy , several serious complications have been reported ( 1 , 2 ) . in this report , we describe a rare case of i...
nowadays , infectious aortitis has become a rare disease thanks to antibiotics , but remains life - threatening . we present a case of a patient with acupuncture - induced infectious aortitis leading to aortic dissection . chest computed - tomogram scan revealed stanford type a dissection with pericardial effusion ...
the immense and diverse potential of phthalocyanines ( pc ) in a variety of technical ( chemical sensors , liquid crystals , electrocatalysis , and nonlinear optics ) and medicinal ( primarily photodynamic therapy [ 58 ] ) applications has generated a great deal of interest in these macrocyclic compounds . this...
the synthesis of phosphorous oxide triazatetrabenzcorroles ( tbc ) tetra- ( 9 , 11 ) or octa- ( 13 ) substituted on the ring with halogenated functional groups is reported . the complexes are not aggregated in dimethylsulfoxide ( dmso ) and show solubility in solvents such as pyridine . the q band abs...
helicobacter pylori ( hp ) infection may cause several clinical manifestations , ranging from asymptomatic to significant gastroduodenal disease including ulcer , bleeding , perforation , and adenocarcinoma . no pathogenic mechanism is known to explain the above diversity . celiac disease ( cd ) is a t - ce...
lymphocytic gastritis ( lg ) is associated with helicobacter pylori ( hp ) and celiac disease ( cd ) . we aimed to clarify the relationship between hp infection and cd by defining a unique histopathology profile of lg in these two diseases . forty patients who underwent upper endoscopy were divided into four ...
. risk factors like age , gender , familial history , environmental factors like smoking , alcohol , pollution , stress , diabetes , hypertension , genetic factors , bacterial and viral infections result in the development of acute myocardial infarction ( 1 - 3 ) . periodontal diseases are a group of inflammatory dis...
background and objectivesgingival and periodontal diseases are associated with specific bacterial infections . the main aim of the study was to know whether the periodontitis is associated with an increased risk for acute myocardial infarction ( ami ) and to know the distribution of porphyromonas gingivalis in patien...
a total of 58 patients with biopsy - proven locally advanced cervical cancer were enrolled between october 2012 and july 2015 . all patients had large - volume tumors and/or parametrial extension with a remnant tumor of greater than 5 cm after ebrt . the patients were divided into the is bt group and the ic bt grou...
objectivewe present a new technique of 3-dimensional computed tomography guided interstitial ( is ) brachytherapy ( bt ) for locally advanced cervical cancer , offering a more advantageous clinical treatment approach.materials/methodsinterstitial bt was performed using an applicator combining uterine tandem and metal ...
all experiments were conducted in accordance with the national institutes of health guidelines for the care and use of experimental animals , and all procedures involving mice were preapproved by the committee on use and care of animals at the university of michigan . generation of the pitx2 , pitx2 , ubc - creer ,...
purposethe homeodomain transcription factor , pitx2 , is at the apex of a genetic pathway required for corneal development , but the critical effector genes regulated by the pitx2 remain unknown . the purpose of this study was to discover and validate pitx2-dependent mechanisms required for specifying cell lineages a...
most items small pass spontaneously , however some may lead to intestinal obstruction , volvulus , intusseption , and perforation ( 1,2 ) . once the foreign body enters the small bowel , 80 - 90% of patients pass the object spontaneously ( 3 ) . in the minority , objects have reportedly perforated terminal ileum , ...
foreign body ingestion in children is common . most items pass spontaneously , however rarer cases may result in obstruction and or perforation . ingestion of multiple magnetic items can be more troublesome , as a consequence of the ability of the items to attract across different sections of bowel , or by coalescing...
the macromolecular crystallography ( mx ) experiment lends itself perfectly to high - throughput technologies , automation and remote experimentation . the experiment comprises a series of distinct steps , beginning in the wet laboratory with protein expression , purification , crystallization and crystal mounting us...
the ultimate goal of synchrotron data collection is to obtain the best possible data from the best available crystals , and the combination of automation and remote access at stanford synchrotron radiation lightsource ( ssrl ) has revolutionized the way in which scientists achieve this goal . this has also seen a cha...
acquired immuno deficiency syndrome ( aids ) was first reported in 1981 , by gottlieb et al . , at university of california medical center . in 1983 , barr - sinoussiand montagnier , isolated a new human t - lymphotropic retrovirus , later named as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( hiv-1 ) which turned out to be ...
since the discovery of acquired immuno deficiency syndrome ( aids ) in late1980s , the spread of human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) has reached pandemic proportions , representing a global developmental and public health threat . finding of a safe , globally effective and affordable hiv vaccine offers the best hope...
samples for this study were collected from consecutive population cohorts surgically treated at brigham and women s hospital ( bwh ; boston , ma ) and the royal infirmary of edinburgh ( rie ; edinburgh , united kingdom ) with appropriate institutional review board approvals . inclusion criteria were patients with nsc...
introduction : the aim of this study was to validate a molecular expression signature [ cell cycle progression ( ccp ) score ] that identifies patients with a higher risk of cancer - related death after surgical resection of early stage ( i - ii ) lung adenocarcinoma in a large patient cohort and evaluate the effective...
leydig cells are exclusively responsible for testosterone production in males ; testosterone is essential for male fertility and the maintenance of spermatogenesis . inflammation is an adaptive response to tissue malfunction or homeostatic imbalance by the body to ensure the removal of noxious stimuli and promote the...
this study was carried out to investigate whether adm can modulate lps - induced inflammation and apoptosis in rat leydig cells . leydig cells were treated with adm before lps - induced cytotoxicity . we determined the concentrations of ros , mda , gsh , ldh , and testosterone and the mmp . the mrna levels of il-...
there is a shortage of human resources in primary health care globally , with the situation worse in resource - limited countries.1,2 the shortage of skilled health care workers ( hcw ) has led to task shifting in many primary care settings in an attempt to address the demands of care provision . consequently , prima...
backgroundbotswana s health care system is based on a primary care model . various national guidelines exist for specific diseases . however , most of the guidelines address management at a tertiary level and often appear nonapplicable for the limited resources in primary care facilities . an integrated symptom -...
pioglitazone was kindly provided by takeda ( tokyo , japan ) . a rat monoclonal antibody against mouse f4/80 , a hamster monoclonal antibody against mouse cd11c , a rat cd206 antibody conjugated with alexa 647 , and a rat mgli antibody conjugated with alexa 488 were purchased from abd - serotec ( oxford , u.k . ) . a...
objectiveto characterize the phenotypic changes of adipose tissue macrophages ( atms ) under different conditions of insulin sensitivity.research design and methodsthe number and the expressions of marker genes for m1 and m2 macrophages from mouse epididymal fat tissue were analyzed using flow cytometry after the mice ...
the world health organization ( who ) has recommended bacillus calmette guerin ( bcg ) vaccination as a part of the global expanded program for immunization ( epi ) for tuberculosis . bcg vaccine is a safe vaccine , but a number of complications have been reported such as localized ulceration , regional lymphadenitis...
this case report examined the natural course of reaction after accidental intramuscular administration of high dose bacille calmette - gurin ( bcg ) vaccine into the anterolateral aspect of thigh of a pre - term infant as a part of routine vaccination instead of intra - dermal injection into the arm . there is no con...
most of our current understanding of the physiology of pancreatic beta cells comes from studies in rodents . these led to the elucidation of conserved biochemical signaling systems in control of nutrient - regulated insulin production and conserved clusters of beta cell - selectively expressed genes , with role in ...
the core proteomes of human and rat pancreatic beta cells were compared by label - free lc - ms / ms : this resulted in quantification of relative molar abundances of 707 proteins belonging to functional pathways of intermediary metabolism , protein synthesis , and cytoskeleton . relative molar abundances were conser...
endodontic implants are artificial metallic extension , which can safely extend out through the apex of the tooth into sound bone . endodontic implants increases the root to the crown ratio and stabilizes a tooth with weakened support . the major indication for using an endodontic implant were : ( a ) periodontal b...
endodontic implants were introduced back in 1960 . endodontic implants enjoyed few successes and many failures . various reasons for failures include improper case selection , improper use of materials and sealers and poor preparation for implants . proper case selection had given remarkable long - term success ....
hiv-1 strains belong to four groups of genetic variants ( m , n , o , p ) , which may represent four separate introductions of simian immunodeficiency viruses to humans . into group m , mutations caused by retrotranscription errors generated nine subtypes ( a , b , c , d , f , g , h , j , and k ) of hiv-1 . genetic rec...
the objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of transmitted resistance to antiretroviral of hiv-1 circulating in niger . we collected plasmas from 96 drug - naive patients followed up in the main hiv / aids care center of niamey , the capital city of niger . after rna extraction and retrotranscription to...
primary hyperparathyroidism ( phpt ) is increasingly being diagnosed as a result of the detection of hypercalcemia by widespread use of multiphasic screening . the increased diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism by screening tests has disclosed a population of patients who have subtle or absent symptoms and mild hypercalc...
asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism ( phpt ) , a condition defined as hyperparathyroidism that lacks specific symptoms or signs and with calcium levels of less than 1 mg / dl above the upper limit of normal , is a common clinical problem . two previous conferences on the management of asymptomatic phpt ( a conse...
papaya ringspot virus type p ( prsv - p ) is a devastating disease of papaya that affects tree vigour , fruit set , and quality . once infected , the fruit yield and plant 's productive life are reduced from three years to one year or less . in australia prsv - p is considered a serious threat to the australia papa...
papaya ( carica papaya l. ) is one of the major tropical fruit crops worldwide , but it is limited throughout its range by papaya ringspot virus type p ( prsv - p ) . previous genetic studies identified a functional prsv - p resistance marker in a mapping population of f2 plants of vasconcellea pubescens ( resistant ...
advances in stem cell therapy for treating a myocardial infarction ( mi ) are impeded by inadequate survival and engraftment of implanted cells in the host tissue . up to 99% of mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) experience cell death following administration into the infarcted heart [ 1 , 2 ] . a predominant factor for t...
backgroundcell - based therapies show promise in repairing cardiac tissue and improving contractile performance following a myocardial infarction . despite this , ischemia - induced death of transplanted cells remains a major hurdle to the efficacy of treatment . superhealer mrl / mpj mesenchymal stem cells ( mrl -...
ankylosing spondylitis ( as ) is a chronic , progressive inflammatory disease that primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints . the disease has a prevalence of about 0.55% of the european population [ 1 , 2 ] and is closely associated with hla - b27 positivity . the disease affects mostly young individuals i...
the rationale of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of infliximab ( ifx ) treatment in patients with ankylosing spondylitis ( as ) and to determine whether ifx dose reduction and interval extension sustains the treatment effect . nineteen patients were included and treated with ifx 5 mg / kg every 6 weeks for 56...
children with cerebral palsy ( cp ) experience motor impairments such as spasticity , dystonia , contracture , abnormal bone growth , poor balance , loss of selective motor control , and weakness1 as well as deficits in other domains that impact their ability to move , solve problems , communicate , and socialize...
[ purpose ] this study investigated the relationship between activity limitation and participation restriction in school - aged children with cerebral palsy . [ subjects and methods ] data were collected from 109 children with cerebral palsy aged 612 years . activity limitations were assessed by using functional...
there is growing data showing an increased association of seizures with alzheimer s , in both humans and animal models.1,2 estimates of prevalence vary , but it seems that about 1.5% to 10% of people with alzheimer s may experience seizure activity , with the highest prevalence in early onset alzheimers.3 this raises t...
emergent seizures are common in alzheimer s disease ( ad ) , although the mechanisms mediating this are unknown . it is proposed that stress induced interleukin-18 ( il-18 ) , via interferon - gamma ( ifny ) and independently , increases indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase ( ido ) and subsequent quinolinic acid ( qa ) in mic...
residing in damp or water damaged homes is closely associated with observations of mold , mildew , and other microbial growth and has been associated with respiratory illnesses [ 14 ] . the institute of medicine concluded that there is a causal link between indoor dampness and upper respiratory tract symptoms , cough...
objectives . the study 's objective was to examine the relation between mold / dampness exposure and mold sensitization among residents of greater new orleans following hurricane katrina . methods . patients were recruited from the allergy clinic of a major medical facility . any patient receiving a skin prick ...
but , it can be confused with true right atrial mass in transthoracic echocardiogram , especially in patients with embolic events . in this case report , transthoracic echocardiography suggested the presence of a right atrial mass in patients with a pulmonary embolism . a 73-year - old woman was referred to our hospi...
a prominent crista terminalis is a normal anatomic variant which consist of thick muscular bridge within the right atrium . however , it could be often misdiagnosed with an abnormal mass on the transthoracic echocardiography . the case report presented here , describe the findings of transthoracic echocardiography th...
the quinolone derivatives ( levofloxacin , sparfloxacin , grepafloxacin , trovafloxacin , gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin ) , are gyrase inhibitors . they have been implicated for causing central nervous system adverse effects since blomer et al . who first described this entity in 1979 . the development of these eff...
levofloxacin is a commonly prescribed antibiotic for managing chest and urinary tract infections in a palliative care setting . incidence of levofloxacin - associated anaphylaxis is rare and delirium secondary to levofloxacin is a seldom occurrence with only few published case reports . it is an extremely rare occu...
inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors ( imts ) are uncommon neoplasms , and reports of them are increasing in the literature . imts were formerly included within the broad category of non - neoplastic fibroinflammatory and neoplastic lesions referred to as inflammatory pseudotumor ( ipt).13 however , over the last two ...
inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor ( imt ) is an uncommon myofibroblastic neoplasm that was formerly included within the broad category of inflammatory pseudotumor ( ipt ) . imt is rarely encountered in the liver . similar to imt of other organs , the interchangeable use of the terms imt and ipt in liver has made t...
musculoskeletal pain is among the most common chronic conditions in older adults ( 1 ) . musculoskeletal pain is caused by multiple , heterogeneous pathologies including arthritis , soft tissue rheumatism , degenerative spinal disease and fibromyalgia ( fm ) . although musculoskeletal pain is often attributed to ar...
the objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors for widespread pain and its influence on quality of life in residents of korean communities . a rural and an urban community were selected , and 5,037 subjects were surveyed . participants were asked if they had pain , aching , or stiffness ...
bioaccumulation of both heavy metals and toxins by small living organisms may have practical uses ; particularly as a means of detecting and/or sequestering harmful elements and/or toxins within the environment . earth worms , for instance , have long been known as terrestrial bioindicators ( 1 ) . similarly , the ...
abstractbackgroundthe aim of the present study was to evaluate the capability of helminths to absorb heavy metals in comparison with that of the host tissues.methodswe compared the concentration of cadmium ( cd ) and chromium ( cr ) in urban rats and in their harboring helminthes moniliformis moniliformis , hymenolepis...
the identification of pathogenic bacteria was traditionally performed by isolating the organism and studying it phenotypically by means of gram staining and culture and biochemical methods , which has been the gold standard of bacterial identification . with the invention of polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) and automa...
livestock especially cattle are known as a main reservoir of escherichia coli o157:h7 . this bacterium is considered as a pathogenic agent characterized by producing toxins , which are familiarly known as shiga - like toxin-1 ( stx1 ) and stx2 . the aim of this work was to analyse the novel sequence of the 16s rrna...
griscelli syndrome ( gs ) is an autosomal recessive multisystem genetic disorder of partial albinism along with neurological and/or immunological defects . it was first reported by griscelli et al . in two unrelated patients in 1978 . characteristic hypopigmentation is a common feature among individuals with gs1 , ...
griscelli syndrome ( gs ) is a rare autosomal recessive multisystem disorder of pigmentary dilution of skin , silver gray hair , variable immunodeficiency , neurological impairment , and abnormal accumulation of melanosomes in melanocytes . gs type 3 is characterized by hypomelanosis with no immunological and neurolo...
the rapid development of research on the preparation of ordered mesoporous materials began in the early 1990s , when the mobil corporation has reported new method of materials designated as m41s synthesis . such materials are characterized by high specific surface area and well developed porous structure with ordered...
mesoporous titanium - containing silicas with different titania contents were investigated . the structural parameters of the materials were characterized by low - temperature adsorption / desorption of nitrogen and x - ray diffraction analysis . the thermodesorption of water using the quasi - isothermal thermograv...
risperidone , quetiapine , and aripiprazole have been associated with tardive dystonia among other side effects . similarly , olanzapine has also been associated with this troublesome effect . however , these reports are from cases of nonaffective psychosis , especially schizophrenia . moreover , the usual age of ons...
atypical antipsychotics are increasingly being associated with neurological side effects . risperidone , quetiapine , and aripiprazole have been associated with tardive dystonia among other side effects . similarly , olanzapine has also been associated with this troublesome effect . however , these reports are from...
several distinct endocytic processes provide access to the interior of eukaryotic cells , but the major and best - characterized portal is the clathrin - coated vesicle ( conner and schmid , 2003b ) . local recruitment and self - association of soluble clathrin molecules at the membrane generates a polygonal clathrin...
the ap-2 adaptor complex is widely viewed as a linchpin molecule in clathrin - mediated endocytosis , simultaneously binding both clathrin and receptors . this dual interaction couples cargo capture with clathrin coat assembly , but it has now been discovered that the association with cargo is tightly regulated . rem...
neck pain is a common musculoskeletal problem that up to 70% of the world population will experience at some point in their lives . intramedullary spinal cord metastasis is an exceedingly rare complication of malignancy that affects less than 1% of all patients with cancer . we report a case of a 61-year - old man ...
introduction : neck pain is a common musculoskeletal problem that up to 70% of the world population will experience at some point in their lives . intramedullary spinal cord metastasis is an exceedingly rare complication of malignancy that affects less than 1% of all patients with cancer.case report : we report a cas...
in 1959 , steiner proposed a cheveron analysis ' to evaluate malocclusion and to aid treatment planning . this analysis was based on the relationships between the relative position of the mandible to the maxilla , the incisors and the craniofacial position . steiner stated that the harmony of the craniofacial rela...
we investigated the compensatory trends of mesiodistal angulation of first molars in malocclusion cases . we compared differences in the angulation of first molars in different developmental stages , malocclusion classifications and skeletal patterns . the medical records and lateral cephalogrammes of 1 403 malocc...
one needs nosology for a variety of purposes . it is required for communication among clinicians and researchers about what constitutes a particular disease and what does not . it is needed to further the research for understanding etiology , by having a set of symptoms being called as a disorder . it is needed to ...
psychiatric nosology is required for communication among clinicians and researchers , understanding etiology , testing treatment efficacy , knowing the prevalence of the problems and disorders , healthcare planning , organizing the services , and reimbursement purposes . many approaches have been used for psychiatric...
clinical research is the type of scientific research that involves human subjects and includes patient - oriented research , epidemiologic and behavioral studies , and outcomes research and health services research . clinical studies evaluate the effect of interventions or exposures on biomedical or health - related ...
registering clinical trials ( cts ) in public domains enhances transparency , increases trust in research , improves participation and safeguards against publication bias . this work was done to study the profile of clinical research in egypt in three ct registries with different scopes : the who international ct reg...
brain biopsies are often the investigational procedure of last resort in patients with neurologic decline of unknown etiology , often after an exhaustive work up of less invasive tests including imaging , cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) analysis , and electroencephalography ( eeg ) , have failed to lead to a definitive dia...
brain biopsies have an uncertain role in the diagnosis of patients with dementia or neurologic decline of unknown etiology . they are often performed only after an exhaustive panel of less invasive tests and procedures have failed to provide a definitive diagnosis . the objective of this study was to evaluate the s...
acute viral bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory tract disease in infants due to obstruction caused by inflammation of the tiny airways . almost all the infants up to 2 years old have been infected by this disease . evidences show that infection with respiratory syncytial virus ( rsv ) is the cause of 50 to ...
objectivean appropriate treatment of acute viral bronchiolitis can reduce the symptoms , hospitalization duration and exorbitant costs which is imposed on the families and insurance organizations . this study was conducted to determine the efficacy of epinephrine in comparison with salbutamol in the treatment of the ...
the study was approved by the hospital 's institutional review board ( irb number : b-1407/258 - 108 ) and we retrospectively reviewed the prospectively collected data of patients who underwent arthroscopic anterior capsulolabral reconstruction in the senior author 's institution between january 2004 and march 2013 and...
backgroundthe aims of this study were to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with combined anterior instability and superior labrum from anterior to posterior ( slap ) lesions , and to analyze the effect of concomitant slap repair on surgical outcomes.methodswe retrospectively reviewed patients who und...
in the early 1950s barrett k. green developed the microencapsulation that used the process of coacervation . conventional drug delivery system achieves and maintains the drug concentration within the therapeutically effective range needed for treatment , only when taken several times a day . a well - defined contro...
metronidazole ( mtz ) has extremely broad spectrum of protozoal and antimicrobial activity and is clinically effective in trichomoniasis , amoebic colitis , and giardiasis . this study was performed to formulate and evaluate the mtz loaded microspheres by coacervation phase separation and surface deposition and coale...
epstein - barr virus ( ebv ) is a ubiquitous virus that can cause both acute and chronic active infections . primary ebv infection is usually asymptomatic , but it can cause active symptomatic infection , including infectious mononucleosis , which resolves spontaneously after ebv - specific immunity develops . ebv ...
chronic active epstein - barr virus ( caebv ) infection is characterized by persistent infectious mononucleosis - like symptoms , an unusual pattern of epstein - barr virus ( ebv ) antibodies , detection of the ebv genome in affected tissues or peripheral blood , and chronic illness that can not be attributed to any ot...
it accounts for 1 - 4% of mechanical small bowel obstruction , and up to 25% of non - strangulated small bowel obstruction in patients > 65 years age ( 1,2 ) . gallstone ileus is usually associated with an internal biliary fistula as > 90% of obstructing stones are > 2 cm , therefore too large to pass through the com...
gallstone ileus is an uncommon complication of cholelithiasis , usually associated with an internal biliary fistula . management of gallstone ileus is surgical with enterolithotomy the procedure of choice , followed by fistula closure either as a one or two stage procedure . in this case a 66 year old female presen...
despite the recent declines in environmental lead exposure in the united states and mexico , the potential for delayed toxicity from bone lead stores remains a significant public health concern . some evidence indicates that mobilization of lead from bone may be markedly enhanced during the increased bone turnover of...
a longitudinal , observational study was conducted in 2216 patients who reported to the department of oral medicine and radiology ( ksridsr , tamilnadu , india ) , to identify the frequency of supernumerary teeth occurrence . for each patient with supernumerary teeth , we recorded the demographic variable ( age and sex...
aim : supernumerary teeth are considered as one of the most significant dental anomalies during the primary and early mixed dentition stage . the main objective of the study was to determine the prevalence rate of supernumerary teeth in the patients who reported to the department of oral medicine and radiology and to s...
any disease process in general , and life - threatening ones in particular , can cause different kinds of sufferings . these sufferings particularly disrupt the quality of life of a person due to pain and reduced functional mobility which involves physical , psychological , and spiritual dimensions of an individual ....
in this single case study , we attempt to outline the possible effect of low - level laser therapy ( lllt ) on delayed wound healing and pain in chronic dehiscent sternotomy of a diabetic individual . the methods that were employed to evaluate changes pre and post irradiation were wound photography , wound area measu...
recently , as the proportion of the elderly in the south korean population has increased , and as dietary life has been progressively westernized , the incidence of prostate cancer has increased . according to the annual report of the korean central cancer registry in 2009 , prostate cancer was the seventh most commo...
purposethis study aimed to improve prostate biopsy compliance by analyzing the factors that influence the acceptance of prostate biopsy by patients to whom transrectal ultrasound ( trus)-guided prostate biopsy is recommended for suspected prostate cancer.materials and methodsthe subjects of this study were 268 patients...
about 30% to 50% of cases of infertility are due to male factors including sperm motility disorder ( 1 ) . physiological maturation of sperm and acquisition of motility are done during passage through epididymis ; thus , immature sperm such as those from testicular sperm extraction ( tese ) possess a little motility ...
backgroundextracted sperm from the testis have poor motility . moreover , their motility changes during their journey through epidydimis . meanwhile , they face high concentration of l - carnitin . in addition , lactate dehydrogenase c4 ( ldh - c4 ) gene disorders has been shown to cause impaired sperm motility , lea...
although the etiology and pathogenesis of gd are still not clear , environmental factors including virus infection are suggested to be involved ( 1 ) . among these , retrovirus , enterovirus ( especially coxsackie b virus ) , and influenza b virus were reported with serologic evidence ( 2 - 4 ) . the hantaan virus ...
graves ' disease ( gd ) is generally presented by thyrotoxicosis with hyperthyroidism , and it is an organ - specific autoimmune disease induced by thyroid - stimulating hormone receptor autoantibodies . however , among diverse etiologies , viral infections have been suggested to trigger or to be involved in the pathog...
the reconstruction of jawbone defects caused by accidents , violence , and tumors is the most urgent issue for maxillofacial orthopedic doctors . to better repair jawbones injuries , it is important to gain insight into the biological properties of natural bone and to mimic the process of bone regeneration . there ...
bone tissue engineering is bringing hope to patients with jawbone defects , but this technology works well only for small- to moderate - sized jawbone defects . for large segmental jawbone defects , it is difficult to form the functional vascular networks within the graft due to limited diffusion of nutrition and une...
a brain abscess is a focal intracerebral infection that leads to a life - threatening condition with severe neurological deficits . brain abscesses usually occur because of spreading from a contiguous focus of infection or hematogenous dissemination from a distant focus4,20,25 ) . in general , the brain is resistan...
objectivethe purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics , treatment outcomes , and prognostic factors in patients with brain abscesses treated in a single institute during a recent 10-year period.methodsfifty-one patients with brain abscesses who underwent navigation - assisted abscess aspiratio...
hysterectomy is the most frequently performed major gynaecological surgical procedure . vaginal hysterectomy ( vh ) , if vh hysterectomy is not possible , laparoscopic hysterectomy ( lh ) may avoid the need of a laparotomy in a large proportion of cases . since the first description of lh by reich et al . in 1989 , ...
the level of difficulty of various types of hysterectomy differs and may influence the choice of either approach . when surgeons consider one specific approach to hysterectomy as more difficult , they may be reluctant to perform this type of hysterectomy . the main objective of this study was to investigate the poten...
nitrate and nitrite ions are ubiquitous in the environment and naturally found in plant foods as a part of the nitrogen cycle . vegetables are the original source of dietary nitrate ; however , wide variations in nitrate levels have been observed depending on the type of vegetable , its source , conditions of cultiva...
background and objectives . presence of excessive nitrite and nitrate in foodstuff can have toxic and carcinogenic effects on humans . this study is aimed at measuring nitrate and nitrite in different foodstuffs available in arak city market , iran , in 2013 . methods . totally 323 samples including stew ( 102 sa...
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of upper motor neurons in the cortex as well as lower motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord . this relentlessly progressive disease is strongly linked to cytoplasmic proteinaceaous aggregates associated with mutati...
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) is a severely debilitating neurodegenerative disease linked to mutations in various genes implicated in cytoplasmic rna metabolism . recent studies from genetic models have also helped reveal connections between various als - linked factors and rna - dna hybrid ( r - loop ) regul...
drosophila stocks , culture conditions the sod1 and ry strains are described in ref , 10 . hsod1 was expressed using lines carrying uas - hsod1 and the gal4 driver line , dagal4 as described ( 14 ) . stocks were maintained at 25 c on standard cornmeal and agar medium unless otherwise stated . the ...
copper , zinc superoxide dismutase ( sod1 ) in mammals is activated principally via a copper chaperone ( ccs ) and to a lesser degree by a ccs - independent pathway of unknown nature . in this study , we have characterized the requirement for ccs in activating sod1 from drosophila . a ccs - null mutant ( ...
the isolate of s. rolfsii causing collar rot in chickpea ( cicer arietinum ) used in the study was collected from the agricultural farm of banaras hindu university , varanasi , india . the fungus was isolated by inoculating sclerotia from the infected parts of the plant in petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar...
high performance liquid chromatographic ( hplc ) analysis of mycelia of sclerotium rolfsii grown in broth medium supplemented with garlic ( allium sativum ) and onion ( allium cepa ) was carried out to estimate qualitative and quantitative changes in phenolic acids . several phenolic acids , such as gallic , chloroge...
angiogenesis , the process by which the existing vascular network expands to form new blood vessels , is required for the growth of solid tumors . for this reason , vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) , a primary stimulant of angiogenesis , binds and activates vegf receptor 1 ( vegfr1 ) and vegfr2 . vegf is a...
cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world after cardiovascular diseases . some types of cancer cells often travel to other parts of the body through blood circulation or lymph vessels , where they begin to grow . this process is recognized as metastasis . angiogenesis is the formation of new blood ...
most industrialized countries are facing efficiency problems in their healthcare systems associated with increased longevity and levels of morbidity among their populations . issues with healthcare systems raise concerns since some countries , such as canada and the united states , rank lower than other countries on ...
introduction . healthcare reforms launched in the early 2000s in qubec , canada , involved the implementation of new forms of primary healthcare ( phc ) organizations : family medicine groups ( fmgs ) and network clinics ( ncs ) . the objective of this paper is to assess how the organizational changes associated wi...
tetanus is an infection caused by clostridium tetani , a bacterium that is found in the soil and which enters the body through skin wounds . after an incubation period of 7 - 10 days , the disease starts with focal symptoms , such as spasmodic laughter , trismus , and dysphagia , and progresses to systemic symptoms ,...
tetanus is a potentially fatal infection . approximately 100 cases are reported in japan each year ; however , little is known about its clinical course and outcomes in the current era of treatment . we herein report three cases of tetanus in elderly patients who survived after mechanical ventilation and intensive ...
major trauma is traditionally considered to be a problem of young men . with ageing populations , it is predicted that in the future the elderly will comprise an increasingly significant proportion of the major trauma workload . the future is here already in the uk , the average age of major trauma cases on the trau...
aimmajor trauma ( mt ) has traditionally been viewed as a disease of young men caused by high - energy transfer mechanisms of injury , which has been reflected in the configuration of mt services . with ageing populations in western societies , it is anticipated that the elderly will comprise an increasing proportion o...
hemophilia a and b occur due to congenital x - linked inherited deficiency of clotting factors viii and ix and while females are carriers of the trait , it happens commonly in males . bleeding disorders can be categorized into three groups ; including mild , moderate and serve . in moderate and serve cases , this h...
background : pain and limited range of motion ( rom ) are the crucial subsequent results of joint hemorrhages in individuals with bleeding disorders and hemophilia . exercise interventions are particularly recommended in treatment of such patients . the purpose of this study was to detect the influences of conventi...
it is well - established that , after the initial bacterial , fungal , or viral infection , further destructive processes in surrounding tissues are the result of altered host immune - inflammatory response . chemokine receptors play a role in leukocyte recruitment , activation , and maintaining effector functions of...
chemokine receptors play a role in leukocyte recruitment , activation , and maintaining effector functions and regulate adaptive immune response and angiogenesis . the study aimed at flow cytometric analysis of t cell subsets with selected surface chemokine receptors ( ccr4 , ccr5 , ccr7 , cxcr3 , and cxcr4 ) or rece...
hcv is a single strand rna virus that belongs to the family of flaviviridae and genus hepacivirus . diagnosis of hcv infection is based on detecting serum hcv antibodies and hcv - rna . in 50 to 85% of cases acute infection about 170 million people are infected with hcv worldwide so that it can lead to about 350000...
contextoccult hcv infection ( oci ) is defined as the presence of hcv - rna in hepatocytes and the absence of hcv in the serum according to usual tests . we aimed to define oci and provide information about the currently available diagnostic methods . then we focus on specific groups that are at high risk of oci an...
malignant proliferating trichilemmoma is a rare neoplasm derived from the outer sheath of the hair follicle . this condition preferentially arises in areas of dense hair follicle concentration ; therefore 90% occurs on the scalp . the usual clinical presentation is a subcutaneous cystic nodule that has been present...
we report a case of malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumor showing multiple distant metastases . the patient demonstrated a round mass in the right occipital area for 12 months and the lesion grew rapidly to assume 86.54 cm in diameter , with areas of superficial erosion and crusting within the recent 3 months . ...
eight to fifteen subjects are needed to obtain statistically significant differences in mean postprandial data when using a crossover design ( 19 ) . thus , 18 eligible subjects ( 12 females , six males ) were recruited for the study . fifteen subjects were college students ( aged 1822 years ) and three were adults...
backgroundempirical evidence has shown that rising obesity rates closely parallel the increased consumption of processed foods ( pf ) consumption in usa . differences in postprandial thermogenic responses to a whole - food ( wf ) meal vs. a pf meal may be a key factor in explaining obesity trends , but currently ther...
even during the time of hippocrates , galen and their colleagues recognized mediastinal affections . however , they were not considered with the surgical treatment . in the practica of roger written about 1170 and revised by roland in 1230 , it was written about a trepanation of the sternum . if the shaft of an arr...
even during the time of hippocrates , galen and their colleagues recognized mediastinal affections . however , they were not considered with the surgical treatment . first progress in the treatment options of this severe disease , still denoted as terra incognita , over to today s gold standard are pictured.the medi...
the genus paederus fabricius ( staphylinidae : coleoptera ) is represented by 622 species worldwide and 85 species and subspecies in the palaearctic region . the hemolymph of some species within the genus paederus is nuisance as , once released , it causes linear dermatitis and conjunctivitis in humans . the sympto...
background : linear dermatitis is endemic in iran where most cases occur in the caspian sea coast and fars province . the disease is caused by beetles of the genus paederus which are active from early spring to beginning of autumn although its incidence rises from may to august . the classic taxonomy of paederus sp...
liver cancer is the second most common cause of death from cancer worldwide , estimated to be responsible for nearly 746,000 deaths in 2012 ( 9.1% of the total ) . the prognosis for liver cancer is very poor , with an overall ratio of mortality to incidence of 0.95 , and the geographical patterns in incidence and mor...
hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is an aggressive tumor that often occurs in chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . the incidence of hcc is growing worldwide.with respect to any other available treatment for liver cancer , liver transplantation ( lt ) has the highest potential to cure . lt allows for removal at once...
weakness of the endopelvic fascia and musculature lead to herniation of the intraabdominal and pelvic organs , such as small bowel , colon , and bladder . the majority of cases are secondary to traumatic injury to the perineum or secondary to major pelvic operations , such as abdominoperineal resection and pelvic exe...
perineal hernia is a rare but known complication following major pelvic surgery . it may occur spontaneously or following abdominoperineal resection , sacrectomy , or pelvic exenteration . very little is known about spontaneous perineal hernia . surgical repair via open transabdominal and transperineal approaches...
the infection rate of wolbachia is generally estimated to be at least 20% ( werren et al . , 1995 ; werren & windsor , 2000 ) . this estimate emerges as the result of several wolbachia screenings , where arthropod , mainly insect species , are tested for infection . in most of the cases , only one individual per sp...
wolbachia are intracellular bacteria found in many species of arthropods and nematodes . they manipulate the reproduction of their arthropod hosts in various ways , may play a role in host speciation and have potential applications in biological pest control . estimates suggest that at least 20% of all insect speci...
toxocara canis is a nematode of the ascaridae family , which lives in the lumen of the small intestine of dogs ( 1 , 2 ) . t. canis is known to infect various unusual paratenic hosts such as cats , foxes , cows , monkeys , pigs , lambs , mice , rats , chickens and pigeons , by means of eggs or larvae being ingested w...
recently reports on toxocariasis are increasing by serodiagnosis in korea . a previously healthy 17-yr - old boy complained of headache , fever , dyspnea , and anorexia . he showed symptoms and signs of eosinophilic meningitis with involvement of the lungs and liver . specific igg antibody to toxocara canis larva...
a large body of literature has documented the role of cell interactions with matrix proteins , and there are increasing numbers of studies demonstrating that mechanical forces are critical factors in driving cell behavior . this has been well demonstrated for stem cells , cancer cells , and fibrogenic myofibr...
cell culture systems for studying the combined effects of matrix proteins and mechanical forces on the behavior of soft tissue cells have not been well developed . here , we describe a new biomimetic cell culture system that allows for the study of mixtures of matrix proteins while controlling mechanical st...
the patient had skin type 3 according to the fitzpatrick classification and she had more than 50 moles present on her skin . her mother had had a level 1 malignant melanoma removed from her abdomen in 2008 . she had been injecting subcutaneous 0.5 mg of melanotan 2 daily over two months . during this time she was a...
a 16-year - old girl presented with general skin tanning , multiple dark melanocytic nevi and an enlarging nevus in her left groin following self - injections of melanotan 2 and attending a uv tanning studio . she had been referred by her gp who was concerned that some of the darkened nevi were potentially malignant ...
management of infected total knee arthroplasty ( tka ) is a challenge to patient and surgeon alike . various spacer devices are available for the first stage surgery for local delivery of antibiotics . here , we report our experience with management of infected tka patients with our indigenously designed and produc...
introduction : management of infected total knee arthroplasty ( tka ) is a challenge to patient and surgeon alike . two - stage exchange is the universally acclaimed method to tackle this problem . various spacer devices are available for the first stage surgery for local delivery of antibiotics . here , we repor...
prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer in men , and transrectal ultrasound ( trus)-guided prostate biopsy , a reliable and easy - to - perform method , is accepted as the gold standard in the diagnosis of this disease . the use of prostate - specific antigen ( psa ) in clinical practice has led ...
purposein clinical practice , atypical small acinar proliferation ( asap ) and high - grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia ( hgpin ) are two common findings on prostate biopsies . knowing the frequency of a prostate cancer diagnosis on repeat biopsies would aid primary treating physicians regarding their decisions...
s. pneumoniae is associated with a high degree of morbidity and mortality in many countries around the world and is considered the main cause of death of millions children in the transition countries ( 1 ) , which account for up to 70% of deaths ( 2 ) . it is also considered the leading cause of significant mortality...
introduction : pneumococcal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide , whose treatment is threatened with an increase in the number of strains resistant to antibiotic therapy.goal:the main goal of this research was to investigate the presence of antimicrobial susceptibility / resistance of s. p...
mucosa - associated lymphoid tissue ( malt ) lymphomas are extranodal lymphomas that arise from b lymphocytes located in the marginal zone of lymphoid follicles . although , there is a substantial amount of lymphoid tissue in the gastrointestinal tract , malt lymphomas usually arise in chronically inflamed sites that...
advances in immunosuppressive therapy , refinement in surgical techniques and in public awareness , altruism , and goodwill have allowed an increase in the number of living donor kidney transplantation ; whereby , virtually all biological related , unrelated and medically and psychosocially suitable individuals can be ...
due to organ shortage and difficulties for availability of cadaveric donors , living donor transplantation is an important choice for having allograft . live donor surgery is elective and easier to organize prior to starting dialysis thereby permitting preemptive transplantation as compared to cadaveric transplantati...
gingivitis is among the top general health problems in the world , especially in developing countries . meanwhile , it may be associated with pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases . in a qualitative study , we tried to identify the corresponding terminology to gingivitis in traditional persian medicine ( tpm ) and ...
background : gingivitis is among the top general health problems in the world , especially in developing countries . meanwhile , it may be associated with pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases . in a qualitative study , we tried to identify the corresponding terminology to gingivitis in traditional persian medicine...
patients with hemiplegia resulting from stroke adopt an asymmetric position that places a smaller load on the lower extremity of the paretic side in a standing position due to factors such as reduction of muscle strength , impaired sense of balance , excessive stretch reflex , joint contraction of the antagonisti...
[ purpose ] the purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of exercise using rehabilitational sliding machine training and ergometer bicycle training on the balance and gait of patients with stroke . [ subjects ] forty patients with hemiplegia resulting from stroke were divided into a sliding training ...
physical and biological traces left by the human body can determine whether a person has been in a particular place or in contact with another person or object and may include dna and fingerprints ( trace evidence ) , iris scanning , photographs , or images on cctv cameras . chief amongst these biometric identifiers ...
background . within the context of the use of dna technology in crime investigation , biosecurity is perceived by different stakeholders according to their particular rationalities and interests . very little is known about prisoners ' perceptions and assessments of the uses of dna technology in solving crime . a...
since percutaneous vertebroplasty as a treatment option for vertebral angioma was reported in 1987 , minimally invasive management including vertebroplasty ( vp ) and kyphoplasty ( kp ) using bone cement has been a popular treatment option for osteoporotic compression fractures2,8,15,24 ) . several studies showed the...
objectiveto analyze the effect of vertebroplasty on costal pain which develops following osteoporotic thoracic compression fractures ( otcfs).methodsthe authors reviewed the medical records of 35 patients who underwent vertebral augmentation for the treatment of otcfs over a five year period . the patients were divid...
in india , there is an increasing incidence and prevalence of end stage renal disease ( esrd ) which is due to diabetes and hypertension . more than 90% of the patients with renal failure die within months of diagnosis because of inaccessibility of renal replacement therapy ( rrt ) and cost . the gdp growth rate in i...
depression is ranked fourth among the disabling diseases affecting people worldwide and is the most common psychological problem in patients with end stage renal disease ( esrd ) . the aim of this study is to assess the physical and emotional health status of renal dialysis patients , based on the sf-36 scale in rela...
the possible mechanisms of endothelial barrier damage induced by explosive blast include primary physical factors and secondary neurohumor factors.4 , 5 , 6 the primary physical factors mainly stem from overpressure generated during the explosion process and negative pressure . when overpressure acts on body surface ...
in recent years , injuries induced by explosive blast have got more and more attention owing to weapon development and frequent terrorist activities . tear , bleeding and edema of tissues and organs are the main manifestations of blast shock wave damage . vascular endothelial barrier is the main defense of tissues ...
patients are stratified according to disease extension : organ - confined cancer ( pt1 , t2 ) benefits of definitive therapy ( radical prostatectomy , radiotherapy , neoadjuvant therapy ) , while extraprostatic tumor extension or metastasis are an indication for hormone therapy . androgen deprivation of malignant cel...
prostate adenocarcinoma is frequently diagnosed on needle biopsies in early , organ - confined stages . new prognostic factors would help identifying at this stage patients at risk for unfavorable evolution , that would benefit from alternate therapy . this study aims to find correlations between the extent of neur...
despite its name , canine distemper virus ( cdv ) is known to infect a variety of species in the order carnivora ( 1 ) . more recently , even nonhuman primates have been fatally infected with cdv , raising concern over potential human infection ( 2 ) . felids were thought to be mostly resistant to cdv until a serie...
abstractone of the greatest threats to the conservation of wild cat populations may be dogs or , at least , one of their viruses . canine distemper virus ( cdv ) , a single - stranded rna virus in the paramyxoviridae family and genus morbillivirus , infects and causes disease in a variety of species , not just canids...
either detrusor or sphincter overactivity or underactivity will lead to abnormal voiding conditions [ 1 , 2 ] . normal voiding implies the ability to quickly and completely empty a bladder recognized as being normally full . detrusor underactivity ( dua ) or underactive bladder ( uab ) is a diagnosis made on a pres...
introduction and hypothesisthe aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of low - frequency electrotherapy ( lfe ) for female patients with early - stage detrusor underactivity ( dua ) due to neuromuscular deficiency.methodsa total of 102 female patients were divided randomly into four groups : lfe - nc ( normal comp...
many techniques have been successfully developed for patterning surfaces on the micrometer length scale and with chemistries suited for applications in microtechnology , bioanalytical sciences , and medical diagnostics . these techniques involve lithography , soft lithography , and its numerous variants , a...
we devised , implemented , and tested a new concept for efficient local surface chemistry that we call hierarchical hydrodynamic flow confinement ( hierarchical hfc ) . this concept leverages the hydrodynamic shaping of multiple layers of liquid to address challenges inherent to microscale surface chemistry...
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) , an inflammatory disease with rising incidence worldwide , is characterized by sustained airflow limitation and is always associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension , hypoxemia , and hypercapnia , which significantly increases the likelihood of cardiopulmonary compli...
the high incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) , one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide , has attracted growing attention . cigarette smoking is considered a major contributory factor in the pathogenesis and progression of copd due to the tremendous oxidative burden that it causes , which ...
exponent is a consulting firm that provides scientific analysis and advice in areas that include toxicology and risk assessment ; georgetown university school of medicine is a provider of medical education . although none of the authors on this assessment have previously consulted for the european glyphosate task for...
the herbicide glyphosate has undergone multiple safety tests for developmental toxicity in rats and rabbits . the european commission s 2002 review of available glyphosate data discusses specific heart defects observed in several individual rabbit developmental toxicity studies , but describes the evidence for a pote...