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the nonprofit foundation kdigo ( kidney disease : improving global outcomes ) was established in 2003 with the aim to improve outcomes in ckd patients through the optimization of care . the mineral and bone disorder ( mbd ) in ckd has been the first area of interest of the kdigo international initiative . a kdigo pos...	kdigo ( kidney disease : improving global outcomes ) is an international nonprofit organization devoted to improve the care and outcomes of kidney disease patients worldwide through promoting coordination , collaboration , and integration of initiatives to develop and implement clinical practice guidelines . the min...
since radiologic diagnostic criteria were first published for the classification of renal cysts in 1986 , the bosniak classification system has been widely implemented as a diagnostic method , which uses computed tomography ( ct ) findings to categorize cystic renal masses , based on imaging features associated with ma...	purposeto evaluate the clinical reliability of the bosniak classification in korea , and to identify independent predictors of malignancy in complicated renal cysts.materials and methodswe reviewed the records of 368 patients with renal cysts between january 2001 and december 2014 ; 14 patients were excluded , due to i...
after identification of the melanoma antigen gene ( mage ) family as a tumor - associated antigen ( taa ) , a number of taas have been revealed by means of various approaches including serex and cdna library screening [ 16 ] . some taas , such as mage , gp100 , and muc1 , have been applied to treat various cancers in...	we here identified human leukocyte antigen-(hla-)a2402-restricted epitope peptides from cadherin 3 , type 1 , p - cadherin ( cdh3 ) and kinesin family member 20a ( kif20a ) that were found to be specifically expressed in cancer cells through genome - wide expression profile analysis . cdh3 - 10 - 807 peptide and kif2...
virus isolation : peripheral blood was obtained from a cheviot sheep ( estimated to be 13 years old ) that had already been diagnosed as seropositive against the mvv antigen . the blood was mixed with an equal volume of 0.83% ammonium chloride to lyse erythrocytes for the isolation of whole leukocytes . the...	abstractmaedi / visna ( mv ) is a lentiviral disease of sheep caused by the maedi / visna virus ( mvv ) . although mv is prevalent in many countries , it had not been reported in japan . in 2011 , however , three sheep in northern japan were reported to be seropositive against the mvv antigen , indicating a persi...
four nonhuman primates , two female macaca rhesus monkeys ( 16 and 4 years old ) and two male macaca fascicularis monkeys ( 8 and 20 years old ) , were used for these experiments . subjects were handled as per the protocols prescribed and approved by the university of rochester 's committee for animal research and in...	purposealthough extrinsic fluorophores can be introduced to label specific cell types in the retina , endogenous fluorophores , such as nad(p)h , fad , collagen , and others , are present in all retinal layers . these molecules are a potential source of optical contrast and can enable noninvasive visualization of all...
periostin , a matricellular protein , was named based on its expression in the periodontal ligament and periosteum of adult mice . this protein was expected to function in tooth and bone remodeling under mechanical stress , since both the periodontal ligament and periosteum are sites sensitive to mechanical stress by...	more than 10 years have passed since the naming of periostin derived from its expression sites in the periosteum and periodontal ligament . following this finding , we have accumulated more data on the expression patterns of periostin , and , finally , with the generation of periostin - deficient mice , have reveale...
castleman 's disease ( cd ) is a relatively rare lymphoproliferative disorder with excessive inflammatory features . castleman 's disease has been histopathologically subclassified into three types , that is , hyaline - vascular ( hv ) , plasma - cell ( pc ) , and mixed types , while the disease has been also subclas...	key clinical messagetafro syndrome have been proposed as a rare variant of castleman 's disease . this article reports a case of a 56-year - old man with tafro syndrome who was successfully treated with thalidomide in spite of the refractoriness to prednisolone and tocilizumab . thalidomide may be one of the treatm...
disulfiram is an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor which is useful in maintaining abstinence from alcohol in patients of alcohol dependence syndrome . it inhibits the enzyme called aldehyde dehydrogenase , probably after conversion into the active metabolite . in addition to the physical symptoms associated with the...	disulfiram is the aversive therapeutic agent which has been used to treat alcohol dependence more than 50 years . it causes the complications like neurological toxicity , postural hypotension , circulatory collapse , mental confusion , etc . the aim of our study was to report a rare case of disulfiram - induced sei...
selective voluntary motor control ( svmc ) is defined as the ability to isolate the muscle activity in a selected pattern in response to the demands of a voluntary motion or posture1 , and is the basis of all exercise . in cerebral palsy ( cp ) , corticospinal tract dysfunction disrupts the ability to control ...	[ purpose ] the aim of this study was to investigate differences in selective voluntary motor control of the lower extremities by objective assessment and determine the relationship between selective voluntary motor control and knee extensor strength in children with spastic diplegia . [ subjects and methods ] fo...
acupuncture ( ap ) is the insertion of needles in specific cutaneous locations of the body , known as acupoints , for the treatment or prevention of several diseases ( 1 ) . although this technique is widely used for the treatment of pain and other conditions , the rational basis underlying its use remains unclear ( ...	pharmacopuncture , the injection of subclinical doses of drugs into acupoints reduces drug undesirable side effects , residues in animal consumption products and treatment costs in large animals . acepromazine ( acp ) produces several undesirable effects , such as hypotension . previous studies with the injection o...
fournier 's gangrene ( fg ) is a life - threatening disorder caused by synergistic aerobic and anaerobic organisms . the infection of the perineum , scrotum , and/or penis spreads along fascial planes , leading to soft - tissue necrosis . the initial signs of fg are fever , pain , swelling , and blistering in the g...	fournier 's gangrene is a life - threatening disorder caused by aerobic and anaerobic bacterial infection . we report a case of genital infection as the initial warning sign of acute myeloid leukemia . we were able to prevent progression to fournier 's gangrene in our patient by immediate intensive therapy with inc...
cervical epidural steroid injections are frequently used in the conservative management of neck pain , cervical radiculitis , and cervical radiculopathy51023 ) . success rate of subjective pain improvement was reported as 64 - 76%2326 ) . however , although these injections are usually well tolerated , a variety of sid...	cervical epidural steroid injection is frequently used in the conservative management of neck pain and cervical radiculopathy . epidural cervical transforaminal injections are usually well - tolerated with mild side effects such as transient decreased sensory and motor function , or headache due to dural puncture . ...
glomus tumor is a rare hamartoma , which arises from glomus body situated at the arterial end . this tumor is generally common in young adults ( 2040 years of age ) and females are more commonly affected . here , we present videodermoscopic findings in a young female who had glomus tumor over the nail matrix of her...	glomus tumors are usually benign hamartomas , which are painful , small , and uncommon . they are usually subungal in location but may occur at other sites . a female patient presented to the outpatient department with painful swelling over the nail matrix of her right index finger . here , we describe the use of a...
aptamers , single - stranded dna or rna molecules , recognize various target molecules on forming a particular three - dimensional structure [ 1 , 2 ] . each aptamer has a different topology and three - dimensional structure that recognizes a target . although most proteins lose their function by denaturing their s...	remote control of aptamer function has allowed us to control protein function in space and time . here , we propose a novel control system for aptamer function by radiofrequency magnetic field- ( rfmf- ) induced local heating of a gold nanoparticle conjugated with an aptamer . in this study , we used a 31-mer thrombin ...
sickle cell disease ( scd ) is a haematological disorder associated with multisystemic complications and manifestations . the cooperative study of sickle cell disease ( csscd ) and other observational studies had helped to define the prognosis and common complications that occur as the patient ages . improvement in...	sickle cell nephropathy is a common presentation in patients with sickle cell disease . end - stage kidney disease is the most severe presentation of sickle cell nephropathy in terms of morbidity and mortality . sickle cell disease patients with end - stage kidney disease are amenable to renal replacement therapy i...
menstrual disorders are common problems faced by women , which contributes to physical and psychological problems . most luteal phases marked by menstrual bleed occurring between 21 - 35 day with 3 - 10 days of bleeding and 30 - 40 ml of blood loss on an average . the affected women have high rates of amenorr...	introduction : menstrual disorders are common problems among women in the reproductive age group . yuga interventions may decrease the physical and psychological problems related to menstrual disorders . the present study was aimed to assess the effect of yoga nidra on psychological problems in patients with ...
an estimated 748300 new liver cancer cases and 695900 cancer deaths have been recorded worldwide in 2008 . in china , most hcc patients are infected by hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) , which undergoes a process from hepatitis to liver cirrhosis to hcc . hbv , a noncytopathic specific double - stranded dna virus , could ...	we investigated the mechanism of caffeine in influencing hbx(+ ) hepatocytes to synthesize pge2 . the inhibitory effect of caffeine on hepatocyte proliferation increased with increasing caffeine concentrations ( 200800 m ) and treatment times ( 17 days ) , which was first observed at the second test time point ( caf...
the possibility that reps might be selfish genetic elements was suggested on first discovery in escherichia coli . however , their short length ( ~20 nucleotides ) , plus absence of plausible mechanism for within genome dissemination , meant this idea received limited support . over the next 30 years the selfish ele...	repetitive extragenic palindromic ( rep ) sequences are a ubiquitous feature of bacterial genomes . recent work shows that reps are remnants of a larger mobile genetic element termed a repin . repins consists of two rep sequences in inverted orientation separated by a spacer region and are thought to be non - auton...
	solar - to - hydrogen photoelectrochemical cells ( pecs ) have been proposed as a means of converting sunlight into h2 fuel . however , in traditional pecs , the oxygen evolution reaction and the hydrogen evolution reaction are coupled , and so the rate of both of these is limited by the photocurrents that ...
mammographic breast cancer screening is under scrutiny as there is no firm evidence that it reduces mortality in female population . at the same time there is growing evidence that it leads to overtreatment due to false positive results [ 1 , 2 ] . false positives include those patients with positive mammograms , w...	breast cancer mammographic screening leads to detection of premalignant and preinvasive lesions with an increasing frequency . nevertheless , current epidemiologic evidence indicates that the screening reduces breast cancer specific mortality , but not overall mortality in breast cancer patients . the evidence is l...
mitochondrial calcium homeostasis bears unique properties in the orchestrated flow of the cation across plasma membrane and organelle channels . indeed , the key biological function of mitochondria , oxidative phosphorylation , requires the steady presence of a very large electrical gradient across the ion - impermea...	summarymitochondrial calcium accumulation was recently shown to depend on a complex composed of an inner - membrane channel ( mcu and mcub ) and regulatory subunits ( micu1 , mcur1 , and emre ) . a fundamental property of mcu is low activity at resting cytosolic ca2 + concentrations , preventing deleterious ca2 + cyc...
coronary artery ectasia ( cae ) is the localized or diffuse dilatation of the coronary artery with a diameter at least 1.5 times the adjacent normal coronary artery . the incidence of cae is reported to be 0.3% to 4.9% in patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography ( cag ) or as determined by autopsy.1,2 cae ...	there is no current guideline for percutaneous coronary angioplasty in stenotic ectatic coronary arteries because of the heterogeneity of the coronary artery morphology . we report two successful angioplasty cases in coronary artery ectasia with different clinical scenarios . one case showed atherosclerotic stenosi...
a number of studies suggest that suffering from a stroke at a young age ( i.e. , younger than 67 years old ) may impact significantly on family relationships and functioning [ 19 ] . this is related to the fact that a stroke usually leads to long - lasting consequences that influence the stroke survivor 's abilities ...	the psychosocial consequences following a stroke are known to be challenging , influencing the stroke survivors ' ability to participate in and carry out the taken - for - granted roles and activities in family life . this study explored how living with the consequences of stroke impacted on family life in the late r...
the oral cavity acts as one of the most important gates for pathogens to enter into the host , and despite the high prevalence of individuals harboring bacterial pathogens , only limited group of otherwise healthy individuals exhibit severe form of aggressive periodontitis ( agp ) , while other do not suffer from any p...	background : aggressive periodontitis ( agp ) has been associated with polymorphonuclear leukocyte 's ( pmnl ) dysfunction and periodontal pathogens possess variety of virulence factors that can impair pmnl 's function . this study investigated the possible association between defective neutrophil adhesion and 2 -int...
a 37-year - old female who had undergone a total parathyroidectomy 4 months previously for a parathyroid adenoma presented in our clinic with high serum calcium ( 10.3 mg / dl ) and high intact parathyroid hormone levels ( ipth ; 1,378 pg / ml ) . a technetium-99 m sestamibi scan was performed to determine whether th...	ectopic mediastinal parathyroid adenomas are rare , but can be life - threatening . resection is indicated in those cases accompanied by hypercalcemia , especially in young patients . although most mediastinal parathyroid adenomas can be removed by a cervical approach , a transthoracic approach is needed when the a...
childhood overweight and obesity have become a worldwide epidemic with significant medical , psychosocial , and economic consequences . the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity is increasing rapidly worldwide , and there is mounting concern on the need for their early prevention and treatment . overweight...	objective : to assess the relationship between overweight and obesity and physical activity in saudi children born and permanently domiciled at high and low altitudes in southwestern saudi arabia.subjects and methods : a cross - sectional study of 145 healthy saudi children aged 1015 years who were born and lived perma...
when performing exercise , humans generally assume a basic , erect , bipedal posture . in this posture , we engage in different movements at varying speeds , such as walking , running , kicking , and jumping . the feet are an important body component , as they constantly function as shock eliminators , weight...	[ purpose ] the purpose of the present study was to verify the effects of intrinsic foot flexor strength training . [ subjects ] the subjects were 12 healthy males without motor system disease . [ methods ] a training method that involved flexion of all toe interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints against...
most cases of hepatoblastoma are found under age two , and occurrence in adults is extremely rare.12 there are only 45 reported cases of adult hepatoblastoma globally,345 and only 3 cases in korea.267 most of the cases are asymptomatic and might be diagnosed at late stages of the disease.28 complete surgical resection ...	hepatoblastoma usually occurs in children under the age of 2 years , with very few cases reported in adults . we experienced a case of adult hepatoblastoma in a 36-year - old female with chronic hepatitis b. she had experienced sudden onset abdominal pain . her serum alpha - fetoprotein level was markedly elevated ...
porcelain laminate veneers ( plvs ) are one of the conservative restoration types and provide superior translucency.1,2 the challenge with plvs is the achievement of ideal aesthetics and a desirable bond between the ceramic and the tooth with limited preparation.3 the internal surface of the plvs can optimize the micro...	purposethe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether surface treatments affect the translucency of laminate veneers with different shades and thicknesses.materials and methodsa total of 224 disc - shaped ceramic veneers were prepared from a1 , a3 , ht ( high translucent ) and ho ( high opaque ) shades of ips e.max ...
surgical site infections ( ssi ) are the most common nosocomial infection in surgical patients , contributing to perioperative morbidity , prolonged postoperative hospital length of stay , and increased hospital costs [ 13 ] . the colorectal surgery has been associated with the highest risk of ssi , predominately bec...	background . the purpose of this study was to clarify the incidence and risk factors for incisional surgical site infections ( ssi ) in patients undergoing elective open surgery for colorectal cancer . methods . we conducted prospective surveillance of incisional ssi after elective colorectal resections performed...
, a hundred fresh chicken fecal samples were collected from 7 local poultry farms in the ilishan , ogun state , nigeria . one gram of each fecal sample was diluted 1:10 phosphate - buffered saline ( ph 7.4 ) vortex , and 100 l of the solution was inoculated onto bile esculin agar ( oxoid ) which was incubated at 37c ...	background : tetracycline is one of the most frequently used antibiotics in nigeria both for human and animal infections because of its cheapness and ready availability . the use of tetracycline in animal husbandry could lead to horizontal transfer of tet genes from poultry to human through the gut microbiota , espec...
staphylococcus epidermidis is the most common bacteria isolated from the human skin and is the most persistent bacteria in some body parts . staphylococcus epidermidis , which is part of the human flora , is also recognized as an opportunistic pathogen and causes nosocomial infections associated with medical devices ...	backgroundstaphylococcus epidermidis , a member of the human flora , is recognized as an opportunistic pathogen and cause of nosocomial infections . staphylococcus epidermidis surface components are able to establish bacteria on the host surface , and cause infection.objectivesthe frequency of icaa , is256 , aap , fb...
a 65-year - old female presented to our pain clinic complaining of low back pain . a month earlier she had experienced pain in the low back and right flank area , and was diagnosed with osteoporotic vcf in the first and fourth lumbar vertebral bodies ( l1 and l4 ) . unipedicular vps were performed with the injectio...	vertebroplasty ( vp ) can effectively treat pain and immobility caused by vertebral compression fracture . because of complications such as extravasation of bone cement ( polymethylmethacrylate , pmma ) and adjacent vertebral fractures , some practitioners prefer to inject a small volume of pmma . in that case , howeve...
clear cell sarcoma is a rare neoplasm , accounting for approximately 1% of all soft tissue tumors , which commonly occurs in the distal extremities of young adults aged approximately 20 to 40 years [ 1 , 2 ] and is also called malignant melanoma of soft parts because it frequently produces melanin . we report a very ...	malignant neoplasms very rarely metastasize to the mammary gland , the incidence of which is reported as 0.52% . clear cell sarcoma is a rare neoplasm , accounting for approximately 1% of all soft tissue tumors , which commonly occurs in the distal extremities of young adults aged approximately 20 to 40 years . so ...
carbon nanotube ( cnt ) have many potential applications in nanobiological devices and nanomechanical systems because of excellent mechanical properties , chemical and thermal stability , and hollow geometry [ 1 - 4 ] . in addition , the cnt is ultralight and is highly sensitive to its environment changes . therefo...	the frequency equation of carbon - nanotube - based cantilever sensor with an attached mass is derived analytically using nonlocal elasticity theory . according to the equation , the relationship between the frequency shift of the sensor and the attached mass can be obtained . when the nonlocal effect is not taken in...
bezoars are masses formed by the condensation of debris or stomach content in the gastrointestinal tract , and depending on the content , there are phytobezoars that are composed of plant material fibers , trichobezoars that are composed of hair , lactobezoars that are formed in infants from constant intake of inspissa...	a phytobezoar is the most common type of bezoar , which is a gastrointestinal mass composed of vegetable . a persimmon is a common cause of a phytobezoar . the majority of bezoars are found in the stomach , with the small intestine being the next most commonly involved site . the colon is a rare site for a bezoar...
cataract is commonly reported following 20-gauge pars plana vitrectomy ( ppv ) with the incidence rate varying from 12.5%80%.110 while the exact etiology of cataract formation following vitreoretinal procedures is unknown , the high incidence following vitrectomy may relate to increased oxygen tension , altered milieu ...	purposeto evaluate the incidence and prevalence of cataract formation , progression , and extraction in patients that underwent vitreoretinal procedures and to evaluate factors that can potentially predispose patients to postoperative cataracts.materials and methodsthe medical records of consecutive patients who underw...
recently , there have been increasing opportunities to use non - vitamin k antagonist oral anticoagulants ( noacs ) instead of warfarin in the prevention of cardiogenic cerebral embolism due to nonvalvular atrial fibrillation ( nvaf ) . several randomized controlled trials have shown that these noacs are superior to ...	abstractnon - vitamin k antagonist oral anticoagulants ( noacs ) have been reported to cause resolution of intracardiac thrombus , but there have been no reported cases of internal carotid arterial thrombus resolution.we report a case of a 76-year - old man in whom an internal carotid arterial thrombus resolved after a...
type 2 diabetes ( t2d ) is a chronic disease necessitating long - term , individualized treatment . challenges associated with some treatments include weight gain , risk of hypoglycemia , gastrointestinal side effects , and rapid loss of glycemic control [ 13 ] . other factors considered by physicians and pat...	introductionexenatide is gradually released from exenatide once weekly ( qw ) microspheres , and at steady state , consistently controls glycated hemoglobin ( hba1c ) in patients with type 2 diabetes ( t2d ) . this post hoc analysis examined the timing to onset of clinical responses and their correlations with exenat...
a 39-year - old male patient reported to the dental institute with the complaint of pus discharge from right lower posterior region of the jaw since one month ago . the patient noticed decayed teeth in the same region , which was not associated with pain . he had visited a private dental clinic , where decayed tooth ...	gorlin - goltz syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder principally characterized by cutaneous basal cell carcinomas , multiple keratocystic odontogenic tumors , and skeletal anomalies . this syndrome may be diagnosed early by dentist because keratocystic odontogenic tumors are usually one of the first manifestatio...
extrahepatic portal vein obstruction ( ehpvo ) is a vascular disorder of the liver defined by the obstruction and cavernomatous transformation of the main portal vein . ehpvo is the most common cause of portal hypertension and an important cause of major upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children . although severa...	objective : growth retardation is common in children with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction ( ehpvo ) and growth hormone ( gh ) resistance may play a dominant role . the aim of this study was to ascertain growth parameters and growth - related hormones in children with ehpvo , comparing with controls and to study ...
cystic fibrosis ( cf ) is the most common autosomal recessive disorder found in populations of european descent . it is estimated that 70,000 individuals live with the disease around the world ( see http://www.cff.org/aboutcf/ ) with 70% of patients having the f508 mutation . the disease is caused by a mutation in ...	patients with cystic fibrosis ( cf ) are afflicted with many symptoms but the greatest challenge is the fight against chronic bacterial infections , leading to decreased lung function and ultimately death . our group has recently found reduced levels of ceramides in cf patients and mice . ceramides are sphingolipid...
today nanotechnology is not only essential for marketing - oriented chemical companies , but also a tool for developing science - based solutions for innovative therapeutics and cosmetics , enhancing well - being and addressing anti - aging issues.1 nanotechnology is defined as the study of matter on an atomic or molec...	biotechnology and nanotechnology are the key technologies of the twenty - first century , having enormous potential for innovation and growth . the academic and industrial goals for these technologies are the development of nanoscale biomolecular substances and analytical instruments for investigating cell biology at...
pseudotumor cerebri ( ptc ) or idiopathic intracranial hypertension ( iih ) is a disorder of elevated intracranial pressure ( icp ) without any evidence of infection , vascular abnormality , space occupying lesion , hydrocephalus or alteration of consciousness . all - trans - retinoic acid ( atra ) has been widely us...	all - trans - retinoic acid is an integral part in the treatment strategy of acute promyelocytic leukemia ( apl ) . here we describe a case of pseudotumor cerebri associated with all - trans - retinoic acid ( atra ) during the induction therapy in an adult with acute promyelocytic leukemia ( apl ) .
vulvar and vaginal atrophy ( vva ) , resulting from the loss of estrogen stimulation on vaginal and vulvar tissue , is a common medical condition in postmenopausal women one that will occur in most postmenopausal women at some point in their lives.1,2 there are an estimated 64 million postmenopausal women in the unit...	vulvar and vaginal atrophy ( vva ) is a chronic and progressive medical condition common in postmenopausal women . symptoms of vva such as dyspareunia , vaginal dryness , irritation , and itching can negatively impact sexual function and quality of life . the revive ( real women s views of treatment options for men...
cardiovascular diseases , including heart disease and stroke , are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the united states . recurrent myocardial infarction ( mi ) events represent one fourth of the 915 000 coronary events that occur in the united states each year , and 7% of nondiabetic us adults selfreported...	backgroundnationally representative data evaluating recent trends and future projections of vascular risk factor treatment and control rates in secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease are sparse.methods and resultswe evaluated sex and racestratified cholesterol , blood pressure , and hemoglobin a1c levels and ri...
recently , 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 ( 1,25(oh)2d3 ) , the active form of vitamin d , has been recognized as a new player in modulation of the immune system . despite its critical role in the immune system , however , impaired vitamin d3 status has been reported amongst various populations.1 as an immunomodulatory fac...	abstractbackground and aims : during recent years , the relationship between vitamin d levels and chronic hepatitis b ( chb ) infection has attracted many researchers attention . however , the results relating to the association of vitamin d levels and hbv infection have been conflicting and there remains a lack of kno...
severe dental erosion is accompanied by dentin exposure , which might be associated with painful hypersensitivity and is accompanied by an increased risk for further dentin wear by different chemical and physical processes , such as erosion and abrasion32 . in dentin , the erosive demineralization results in the exposu...	objective : this in situ study evaluated the protective effect of green tea on dentin erosion ( ero ) and erosion - abrasion ( abr).material and methods : ten volunteers wore intraoral palatal appliances with bovine dentin specimens subjected to ero or ero + toothbrushing abrasion performed immediately ( ero+i - abr ) ...
patients on medicare who are hospitalized are allowed six weeks only . after that the patient has to be discharged . how long are patients allowed to remain in hospice before they are discharged ? where do they go after hospice ? actually , an inset in one of the slides shows that when you go home from the hospital...	hospice care is ideally suited to meet the psychosocial and spiritual needs of dying patients , providing the opportunity to settle financial , property , and inheritance issues ; to mend lacerations in important lifetime relationships , including forgiving and asking forgiveness ; and to assure a degree of autonomous ...
degenerative stenosis of the aortic valve ( as ) is the most prevalent adult valvular heart disease in developed countries . the progressive lv pressure overload induced by as is responsible for a complex process of myocardial remodeling with mechanostructural , geometric , hemodynamic , metabolic , and electrophysio...	backgroundmyocardial microrna133a ( mir133a ) is directly related to reverse remodeling after pressure overload release in aortic stenosis patients . herein , we assessed the significance of plasma mir133a as an accessible biomarker with prognostic value in predicting the reversibility potential of lv hypertrophy after...
learning , which plays a very important role in human life , is a concept that has been explained and defined very differently by scientists and philosophers since ancient times . today , nearly , all of the educators and psychologists define learning as the permanent behavioral change derived from experiences . a ...	objective : the aim of this study is to detect the overall evaluation of nursing students toward simulation markets throughout the practice education and to reveal their learning styles in relation to certain individual features.materials and methods : the data were collected via questionnaires including students evalu...
gestational diabetes ( gdm ) is defined as any degree of carbohydrate intolerance that is first diagnosed during pregnancy . the prevalence of gdm ranges between 1% and 14% [ 13 ] , and it is most frequent in women aged 35 years in the second trimester of pregnancy . in a minority ( < 10% ) of patients , the need f...	background . about 10% of pregnancies are complicated by previously unknown impairment of glucose metabolism , which is defined as gestational diabetes . there are little data available on prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients affected by gestational diabetes , and about their postgestational thyroid function...
the term uveitis encompasses a wide spectrum of conditions resulting in intraocular inflammation . standardised uveitis nomenclature ( sun ) defines uveitis depending on the predominant site of inflammation within the eye . at the most severe end of the spectrum , uveitis may be associated with an underlying syst...	a correct diagnosis of uveitis is often challenging , given the wide range of possible underlying conditions and the lack of typical phenotypes . management decisions may be difficult in view of the risk of visual loss with either inappropriate or delayed therapy . analysis of the vitreous may therefore be used to ...
the p2x7 receptor ( p2x7r ) is a member of the family of nonselective cationic channels gated by extracellular atp , termed p2x receptors . this receptor has unique properties with respect to other p2x members , like its low affinity for atp and its ability to be activated in murine cells by adp - ribosylation throug...	the purinergic p2x7 receptor ( p2x7r ) plays an important role during the immune response , participating in several events such as cytokine release , apoptosis , and necrosis . the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) is one of the strongest stimuli of the immune response , and it has been shown that p2x7r...
a plunging ranula is an extravasation of saliva from the sublingual gland due to trauma or obstruction of the duct . fluid from the obstructed gland dissects between the fascial planes and muscle of the base of the tongue to the submandibular space . the exact prevalence of plunging ranula is not known , however , ...	plunging ranulas , also known as deep , diving , cervical or deep plunging ranula , usually appear in conjunction with oral ranula . rarely , these ranulas may arise independent of oral swelling . a rare case of plunging ranula without oral swelling is discussed along with review of literature .
prostate cancer ( pca ) is the most common cancer in men and the second leading cause of cancer - related death among men in developed countries.1 the most common cause of mortality in pca is not the primary tumor growth but rather the spread of the cancer to other organs , predominantly to bone.2 therefore , understan...	cxcr4/cxcl12 axis plays an important role in tumor growth , angiogenesis , metastasis , and therapeutic resistance . the aim of this study is to perform a meta - analysis and literature review to evaluate the association of cxcr4 expression with clinicopathological significance and prognosis in patients with prostate...
although several minimally invasive methods of prostatectomy have been introduced ( 1 , 2 ) , open prostatectomy and trans - urethral resection of the prostate ( turp ) have not been completely abandoned ( 3 , 4 ) . however , these two old but highly effective methods have an important disadvantage . incomplete hemos...	backgroundprostate traction is one way to control post - prostatectomy bleeding . the most popular method involves traction with a catheter fixed to the thigh with adhesive bands . however , this method has its own drawbacks.objectiveswe aimed to simplify this traction procedure and to overcome its disadvantages.pa...
total knee arthroplasty ( tka ) has been performed for the treatment of severe knee arthritis presenting with pain and limited range of motion ( rom ) . with improvements in surgical techniques and implant designs , factors that determine the success of tka include proper patient selection , implant design , precise ...	purposeto evaluate the clinical and radiological results of patients that underwent total knee arthroplasty ( tka ) with a nexgen lps - flex implant using a navigation system ( brain lab).materials and methodsbetween january 2001 and december 2005 , 55 knees in 46 patients which used the nexgen lps - flex implant with ...
in july 2012 , the public health laboratory ( phl ) , department of public health , ministry of health in thimphu , bhutan , received reports of suspected chikungunya fever cases . a total of 215 acute - phase serum samples were obtained from patients at hospitals in the southwestern districts of samtse , chukha , an...	in 2012 , chikungunya virus ( chikv ) was reported for the first time in bhutan . igm elisa results were positive for 36/210 patient samples ; pcr was positive for 32/81 . phylogenetic analyses confirmed that bhutan chikv belongs to the east / central / south african genotype . appropriate responses to future out...
self - expanding metal stents ( sems ) have become the mainstay palliative treatment for malignant biliary obstruction in patients with a life expectancy greater than 3 months [ 1 , 2 ] . their use has improved bile duct patency beyond what was achieved with plastic stents ; however , long - term patency continues to...	objectives . radiofrequency ablation ( rfa ) has replaced photodynamic therapy for premalignant and malignant lesions of the esophagus . however , there is limited experience in the bile duct . the objective of this pilot study was to assess the safety and efficacy of rfa in malignant biliary strictures . methods...
the incidence of diabetes mellitus ( dm ) as a major global health problem has been increasing throughout the world in recent years . type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) comprises 90% of people with diabetes ( 1 , 2 ) . non - diabetic first - degree relatives of diabetic patients ( fdr ) have obesity , insulin resista...	backgroundthe altered levels of some essential trace elements and antioxidant minerals have been observed in diabetic patients.objectivesthe aim of the present study was to compare the concentrations of essential trace elements , copper ( cu ) , zinc ( zn ) , and iron ( fe ) in the serum of patients who have type 2 dia...
the abdominal aorta ( figure 1 ) , the continuation of the thoracic aorta , begins at the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm at the level of t12 , descends within the retroperitoneal space , and terminates as the aortic bifurcation by dividing into the right and left common iliac arteries . from a strictly anatomical point...	summarybackgroundadvances in perinatal medicine have required an extensive knowledge of fetal aorto - iliac measurements . the present study was performed to compile reference data for dimensions of the abdominal aorta at varying gestational ages.material/methodsusing the methods of anatomical dissection , digital - ...
the vast majority of urachal epithelial neoplasms are adenocarcinomas with several morphologic subtypes including enteric , signet ring , mucinous , mixed cell subtype as well as adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified . adenocarcinoma from several other primaries may mimic any of these urachal adenocarcinoma subtypes...	urachal carcinoma is rare comprising less than 1% of all bladder carcinomas . metastases of urachal carcinoma have been reported to meninges , brain , ovary , lung , and maxilla . cytologic features of metastatic urachal carcinoma have not been previously reported . we present a case of metastatic urachal adenoca...
they can be found in independent non - coding rnas ( ncrnas or rna genes ) as well as in untranslated regions of mrnas ( 1,2 ) . defined rna secondary structures in ncrnas may be required for specific interactions with proteins as part of a ribonucleoprotein complex ( e.g. the signal recognition particle ) , or for ...	many non - coding rna genes and cis - acting regulatory elements of mrnas contain rna secondary structures that are critical for their function . such functional rnas can be predicted on the basis of thermodynamic stability and evolutionary conservation . we present a web server that uses the rnaz algorithm to dete...
	ectodermal dysplasias are a large group of rare genetic disorders characterized by impaired development of hair , teeth , and eccrine glands in humans , mice , and cattle . here , we review the cloning , mutation analyses , and functional studies of the known causative genes for the x - chromosomal anhidrotic ectoderma...
a 23-year - old patient presented with a class 1 malocclusion on a class 2 skeletal base with average mandibular plane angle and proclination of upper and lower incisors with normal facial pattern , incompetent lips , convex profile , and acute nasolabial angle [ figure 1a c ] . ( a - c ) extraoral view of the patie...	adult patients have many preexisting conditions like tooth loss , severe skeletal dysplasia , periodontal disease , and various temporomandibular dysfunctions . in such adult patients , an interdisciplinary treatment approach is followed by customizing orthodontic treatment for the individual patient . this article...
variant or prinzmetal 's angina , characterized by transient resting st - segment elevation on electrocardiogram ( ecg ) , was first described by prinzmetal et al.1 ) in 1959 . he emphasized the occurrence of resting angina and the observation of reversible st - segment elevation during angina . maseri et al . repo...	ergonovine provocation test is known to be very sensitive for diagnosing variant angina . the patient described in this study initially presented with atypical chest pain and underwent coronary angiography and ergonovine provocation tests , which were negative . the patient was subsequently prescribed a proton pump...
cholesterol embolism , which is also known as cholesterol emboli syndrome , cholesterol crystal embolism or atheroembolism , is a relatively rate but potentially serious complication of atherosclerosis ( 1 ) . cholesterol emboli occur spontaneously or iatrogenically following vascular surgery , catheterization or ant...	cholesterol embolism is a multisystemic disorder with clinical manifestations that resemble vasculitis . anti - neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies ( anca ) are a defining feature of anca - associated vasculitis , and the presence of anca in cholesterol embolism complicates its differential diagnosis and treatment . at...
fibrosis is a progressive disease characterised by the accumulation of scarring extracellular matrix proteins , which disrupt normal tissue architecture . as fibrosis worsens , tissue function is impaired and in vital organs such as the liver in the absence of transplantation morbidity and mortality results . fib...	chronic liver disease results in a liver - scarring response termed fibrosis . excessive scarring leads to cirrhosis , which is associated with high morbidity and mortality . the only treatment for liver cirrhosis is liver transplantation ; therefore , much attention has been directed toward therapies that will slo...
as progressive loss of telomere dna is associated with senescence , maintenance of telomere function is essential for indefinite cell proliferation . however 5%20% percent of cancers maintain telomeres by the alternative lengthening of telomere ( alt ) , a recombination - based mechanism . telomere maintenance mech...	the alternative lengthening of telomeres ( alt ) is a recombination - based mechanism of telomere maintenance activated in 520% of human cancers . in saccharomyces cerevisiae , survivors that arise after inactivation of telomerase can be classified as type i or type ii alt . in type i , telomeres have a tandem arra...
the achilles tendon attaches the plantaris , gastrocnemius , and soleus muscles to the heel1 . excessive stress or tight or fatigued gastrocnemius and soleus muscles can result in microtrauma , degeneration , or inflammation of the tendon a condition called achilles tendonitis / tendinosis1 . this condition ca...	[ purpose ] this study developed heel support banding ( hsb ) using an elastic band for flexible heel support and investigated its effect on chronic achilles tendon pain of a mountaineer . [ subject ] a 40-year - old male mountaineer with chronic achilles tendon pain [ methods ] ankle dorsiflexion and plantar fle...
the optimal approach for surgical correction of pelvic organ prolapse ( pop ) remains unclear . reported pop recurrence or persistence rates after reconstructive surgery are nearly 60% at 1 year with reoperation rates as high as 30% . isolated defects in a single vaginal compartment are uncommon in women with ap...	the aim of this study is to determine posterior compartment topography 1-year after sacrocolpopexy ( sc ) . women who had sc without concomitant anterior or posterior repairs for symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse ( pop ) were included . vaginal topography was assessed at baseline and 1-year postoperatively using po...
pain is a subjective experience influenced by physiological , psychological , cultural , and environmental factors . labor pain is one of the most severe pains that women experience during their life and can affect mothers and other family members ' life in all aspects . labor pain causes confusion and impaired men...	background : natural delivery is the most painful event that women experience in their lifetime . that is why labor pain relief has long been as one of the most important issues in the field of midwifery . thus , the present study aims to explore the perception of primiparous mothers on comfortable resources for la...
fibro - osseous lesions are a diverse group of processes that are characterized by replacement of normal bone by fibrous tissue containing a newly formed mineralized product . commonly included among the fibro - osseous lesions of the jaws are fibrous dysplasia , cemento osseous dysplasia , and ossifying fibroma . ...	fibro - osseous lesions of the maxillofacial bones comprise a diverse group of pathologic conditions that include developmental lesions , reactive or dysplastic diseases , and neoplasms . the concept of fibro - osseous lesions has evolved over the last several decades and now includes two major entities : fibrous dys...
spasticity after stroke is an indicative sign of damage to the upper motor neuron system and the cerebral cortex . in 1980 , lance defined spasticity as a velocity - dependent increase in muscle tone with exaggerated tendon jerks , resulting in hyperactive muscle activity1 . clinical assessments of spasticity s...	[ purpose ] to develop a device for measuring the torque of an ankle joint during walking in order to quantify the characteristics of spasticity of the ankle and to verify the functionality of the device by testing it on the gait of an able - bodied individual and an equinovarus patient . [ subjects and methods...
obesity is currently the number one public health problem in the united states , affecting one - third of all americans ( http:/www.surgeongeneral.gov / topics / obesity ) . approximately 5 to 8% have clinically severe or morbid obesity and are candidates for bariatric surgery . this obesity epidemic has been accom...	introductiondeterminants of perioperative risk for rygb are not well defined.methodsretrospective analysis of comorbidities was used to evaluate predictors of perioperative risk in 1,000 consecutive patients having open rygb by univariate analyses and logistic regression.resultsone hundred forty - six men , 854 women ;...
a number of international guidelines exist for management of carcinoma cervix.[15 ] these guidelines have been developed in the context of evidence and clinical practice in the western world . there is a little representation from the developing countries , if any , in the expert panels who formulate these guidelines...	background : cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers seen in developing countries , especially in india . recent years have seen many new developments in various modalities used in the management of cervical cancer . although it is important to remain abreast with these advancements , the availability of ...
alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is a devastating progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline , brain atrophy due to neuronal and synapse loss , and the formation of two pathological lesions , extracellular amyloid plaques composed largely of amyloid - beta peptide ( a ) , and neurofibrillary ta...	the pathological hallmarks of alzheimer 's disease ( ad)widespread synaptic and neuronal loss and the pathological accumulation of amyloid - beta peptide ( a ) in senile plaques , as well as hyperphosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles have been known for many decades , but the links between ad pathology and dem...
silicone oil for use during vitreoretinal surgery was first reported in the united states by paul cibis in 1962 , although almost two decades passed before the agent gained general acceptance among american vitreoretinal surgeons ( cibis et al 1962 ) . the long - lasting retinal tamponade provided by silicone oil is ...	purposeto describe vision loss associated with the use or removal of silicone oil retinal tamponade.methodsrecords were reviewed of all patients with a decrease in visual acuity of at least 3 snellen lines from best acuity with 5000 centistoke silicone oil in place or after removal of silicone oil at a single retina - ...
school - aged children with cerebral palsy ( cp ) tend to slow down or exhibit decreased ability to walk ; strength training is therefore recommended for this age group . however , cp children with moderate impairment of gross motor ability [ gross motor function classification system ( gmfcs ) level iii ] can ...	[ purpose ] strength training is recommended for children with cerebral palsy . however , it is difficult for moderately impaired children with cerebral palsy , who require crutches for ambulation , to participate in this type of training . the purpose of this study was to investigate whether whole - body vib...
wilson s disease ( wd ) , or hepatolenticular degeneration , is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by the mutation of the atpase7b gene . the role of the atpase7b is the atp - dependent escretion of copper into the biliary system . the effect of copper accumulation in the liver leads to acute liver failure , ch...	a psychiatric involvement is frequently present in wilson s disease . psychiatric symptoms are sometimes the first and only manifestation of wilson s disease . more often a psychiatric involvement is present beside a neurologic or hepatic disease.we describe the case of a 18 years - old male patient who shows a cli...
pityriasis rotunda is an unusual skin disease that is characterized by hyper- or hypopigmented scaly plaques that involve the trunk and proximal extremities . the lesions are notable for being asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic , sharply defined and typically perfectly circular with no evidence of induration or infla...	pityriasis rotunda is an uncommon dermatosis with an unusual geographic and racial distribution . the skin disorder is characterized by sharply defined , perfectly circular , scaly patches with no inflammatory changes . notably , it may be associated with underlying malignancy or chronic infection . we report an ...
in spain , bullfights are the cause of 2026 serious injuries per year . of these patients , 3% die from associated injuries , contusions , and multiple trauma.1 the most affected areas are the thighs and inguinal region ( 54%).2 the perineum is affected in 7% of the cases . penetrating inguinal and perineal injuries ...	pelvic - abdominal injuries caused by goring are serious lesions which require rapid diagnosis and urgent treatment in the context of a polytraumatized patient . the simultaneous rupture of both the bladder and the prostatic - membranous urethra occurs in 10%29% of males with pelvic fractures but bladder neck injurie...
the capacity to be creative is one of the most important characteristics that human beings possess . long ago , some of our ancestors manifested the human capacity for creativity by seeing a grinding tool in a stone , a piercing projectile weapon in a thin cuneiform shaped piece of flint , or a mechanism for moving t...	the study of creativity is characterized by a variety of key questions , such as the nature of the creative process , whether there are multiple types of creativity , the relationship between high levels of creativity ( big c ) and everyday creativity ( little c ) , and the neural basis of creativity . herein we ex...
pneumonectomy is a lung resection technique that has been used to remove all lung lobes in humans and dogs when bilobectomy or lobectomy techniques are inadequate to remove the pathology in the hemi - thorax . in dogs , pneumonectomy has been performed in some pathological conditions , such as lung tumors , congenita...	the comparison of the histologic healing and bronchopleural fistula ( bpf ) complications encountered with three different bs closure techniques ( manual suture , stapler and manual suture plus tissue flab ) after pneumonectomy in dogs was investigated for a one - month period . the dogs were separated into two group...
generally , local wounds infections of alternaria occur with presence of immunosuppression factors such as hiv infection and renal transplant patients . we reported a case of wound infection induced by alternaria spp . in a renal transplant patients . the main interest in this case was the rareness of the cutaneous...	introduction : alternaria is a common saprophyte , which is usually not pathogenic in humans . generally , local wounds infections of alternaria occur with presence of immunosuppression factors such as hiv infection and renal transplant patients.case presentation : we reported a case of wound infection induced by alt...
social competence is determined by the complex interaction of the person themselves , their home and school environments , peer relationships , and the larger sociocultural environment . increasing numbers of school - aged children and adolescents with impulsive behavior and maladjustment to society requires society ...	purpose . the purpose of this paper is to clarify the validity of the interaction rating scale advanced ( irsa ) as an evidence - based practical index of social skills . methods . the participants in our study were 17 high school students . the participants completed the five - minute interaction session and w...
mobility impairment is common among patients with multiple sclerosis ( ms ) , and walking difficulty is often considered the most challenging aspect of the disease.1 based on consistent changes in walking speed in clinical studies,2,3 dalfampridine extended release tablets ( dalfampridine - er ; known as prolonged - re...	backgrounddalfampridine extended release tablets ( dalfampridine - er ; prolonged- , modified , or sustained - release fampridine outside the us ) , 10 mg twice daily , was approved by the us food and drug administration ( fda ) in january 2010 to improve walking in people with multiple sclerosis , as determined by an ...
aliphatic aromatic copolyester [ 13 ] bears high thermal stability and excellent mechanical strength and is being used in various disciplines . a probe through the literature indicates that there has been a rising interest in synthesizing aliphatic aromatic copolyester [ 46 ] as biomaterials for a variety of biomed...	synthesis of random biscoumarin copolyester bearing pendant 3-(trifluoromethyl)styrene was prepared by the reaction of biscoumarin monomer 3 and hydroquinone 5 with azeloyl chloride . the influence of pendant 3-(trifluoromethyl)styrene unit on the properties of copolyester such as inherent viscosity , solubility , an...
fracture dislocations around the elbow joint are common and usually involve proximal radius or ulna . . only few cases of elbow dislocation with ipsilateral distal radius fracture have been reported in the literature . we present a rare combination of elbow dislocation with ipsilateral distal radius fracture and di...	elbow dislocation associated with ipsilateral distal radius fracture is a rare pattern of injury , although it is common for elbow dislocation and forearm fractures to occur separately . we report a rare case of a 20-year - old male who had a posterior elbow dislocation and ipsilateral distal radius fracture . elbo...
statistics is the study of the collection , analysis , interpretation , presentation , and organization of data . robust statistical designing , sound statistical analysis , and standardized presentation are important to enhance the quality and transparency of biomedical research . therefore , most medical journals...	background : robust statistical designing , sound statistical analysis , and standardized presentation are important to enhance the quality and transparency of biomedical research . this systematic review was conducted to summarize the statistical reporting requirements introduced by biomedical research journals with...
	there are many distinct differences ( morphologic , physiologic , and mechanical ) between the bird 's lung - air - sac respiratory system and the mammalian bronchoalveolar lung . in this paper , we review the physiology of the avian respiratory system with attention to those mechanisms that may lead to significantly d...
studies on the origin of enzymatic rate enhancements often focus on understanding the intermolecular electrostatic , hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions responsible for stabilization of enzymatic transition states . these interactions may be characterized for a particular enzyme in mutagenesis stu...	the kinetic parameters for activation of yeast triosephosphate isomerase ( sctim ) , yeast orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase ( scompdc ) , and human liver glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase ( hlgpdh ) for catalysis of reactions of their respective phosphodianion truncated substrates are reported for the...
end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) can be considered a health epidemic involving considerable human and financial resources [ 1 , 2 ] . the number of patients with esrd is increasing in the world due to aging populations , longer life expectancy , increasing access to renal replacement therapies ( rrt ) , and hig...	end stage renal disease diabetic patients suffer from worse clinical outcomes under dialysis - independently of modality . peritoneal dialysis offers them the advantages of home therapy while sparing their frail vascular capital and preserving residual renal function . other benefits and potential risks deserve dis...
the prolonged duration of orthodontic treatments is probably the chief complaint of both clinicians and patients . to reduce the treatment period , recent cellular , molecular , and tissue engineering studies affirmed that mechanical stimuli are the most important , though not the exclusive inducing factor for orthod...	background : different surgical procedures that reduce orthodontic treatment time have been recommended . the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a new less invasive surgical technique ( called flapless bur decortications ) for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement.materials and methods : this st...
human allograft skin is most often obtained from cadaveric donors and used to bring about a temporary it will inevitably be rejected wound closure on full thickness burn or chronic wounds . it acts as a mechanical and biological barrier , decreasing the loss of water , protein , electrolytes and heat through the wo...	viable donor skin is still considered the gold standard for the temporary covering of burns . since 1985 , the brussels military skin bank supplies cryopreserved viable cadaveric skin for therapeutic use . unfortunately , viable skin can not be sterilised , which increases the risk of disease transmission . on the ot...
high performance polymers are of outstanding significance as light emitting diodes , nonlinear optical devices , and photovoltaic cells [ 1 , 2 ] . among these , polymers with heterocyclic groups , for instance , 1,3,4-oxadiazole , are very willfully studied for pronouncing electroluminescent properties [ 35 ] and to...	poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole - ether ) with reactive carboxylic acid pendants was synthesized from solution polymerization via nucleophilic displacement polycondensation among 2,5-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole ( bfpox ) and 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl ) valeric acid ( bhpa ) . without altering the polymeric segments , benz...
we investigated whole - genome gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from survivors and non - survivors of sepsis as well as from healthy volunteers . blood samples were collected at the time of sepsis diagnosis and seven days later , allowing us to evaluate the role of biological processe...	mechanisms governing the inflammatory response during sepsis involve crosstalk between diverse signaling pathways , but current knowledge provides an incomplete picture of the syndrome . microarray - based expression profiling is a powerful approach for the investigation of complex clinical conditions such as sepsis ...
although the tumor frequently presents as a pleural - based mass lesion , it has been reported from almost every site in the body . with disputed histogenesis , the tumor is now considered to be of mesenchymal origin , which explains the divergent location of this lesion . since the initial description of orbital sft...	solitary fibrous tumor ( sft ) is a distinct and a rare spindle cell neoplasm , commonly known to occur in the pleura and other serosal sites . with the advent of immunohistochemistry , varied extraserosal sites are being recognized as common locations for this rare tumor . we report a case of sft in a 50-year - ol...
balance is affected by proprioception , vision , vestibular function , cognitive ability , etc.1 , 2 . many recent studies have shown that attentional focus of a motor performer may affect balance3,4,5,6,7,8 . attentional focus refers to the location to which a performer pays attention while performing a cert...	[ purpose ] the present study reviewed studies that examined the effects of attentional focus on balance . [ methods ] keywords such as attentional , focus , and balance were used to find relevant research papers in pubmed ( www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed ) . forty - five papers were found , and 18 of them w...

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