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advances in laboratory technologies and data analysis methodologies are permitting the exploitation of complex experimental data sets in ways that were unthinkable just a few years ago ( 13 ) .
however , although the number of scientific articles containing relevant data is steadily increasing , the majority of publi... | there is an increasing interest in developing ontologies and controlled vocabularies to improve the efficiency and consistency of manual literature curation , to enable more formal biocuration workflow results and ultimately to improve analysis of biological data .
two ontologies that have been successfully used for ... |
intramucosal melanotic nevi with multiple polypoid presentation in oral cavity are rare though solitary nevi are not uncommon . in 1943 ,
, 1967 adopted the less anatomically specific term , intramucosal nevus which clinician understand easily .
white adults have ten to forty cutaneous nevi on an average , but intr... | intramucosal melanotic nevus with multiple polypoid presentations in oral cavity is rare ; though single nevus is not uncommon .
nevi are benign proliferations of nevus cells either in the epithelium or in the subepithelial stroma .
they are best categorized as hamartomas rather than true neoplasm .
we present a ... |
however , women differ with respect to both substance and pattern of use . most [ 1724 ] , but not all [ 6 , 25 , 26 ] , studies have found that white women are more likely than black women to use any alcohol during pregnancy .
some [ 20 , 25 , 27 , 28 ] , but not all [ 17 , 24 , 29 ] , studies have found that racial... | agencies and organizations promoting universal screening for alcohol and drug use in prenatal care argue that universal screening will reduce white versus black racial disparities in reporting to child protective services ( cps ) at delivery . yet
, no published research has assessed the impact of universal screening... |
limb load asymmetry ( lla ) is common in clinical conditions related to the lower limbs such
as degenerative joint disease , soft - tissue injuries , joint replacements , amputations , and
stroke1 , 2 .
lla is defined as an uneven distribution of body weight on one
lower extremity when compared with the other e... | [ purpose ] the aim of the present study was to investigate the accuracy of a digital
weight scale relative to the wii in limb loading measurement during static standing .
[ methods ] this was a cross - sectional study conducted at a public university teaching
hospital . the sample consisted of 24 participants ( ... |
photorefractive keratectomy ( prk ) has been a common method for the correction of refractive error for some time [ 13 ] .
although there is some debate as to the level of hyperopia correctable with prk , prk is seen as a safe and reliable method for the correction of low to moderate amounts of hyperopia .
presbyop... | purpose . to assess near visual acuity in a presbyopic age group following hyperopic photorefractive keratectomy ( prk ) . setting . private practice in siena , italy
. methods . in this retrospective single - surgeon comparative study ,
prk with mitomycin c was performed to correct hyperopia using bausch & lomb 21... |
a resin bonded restoration is considered a conservative treatment for reconstruction of edentulous areas , and its attachment to dental tissues rely on resin cements .
systematic reviews of the literatures evaluated the long term clinical prognosis of these prosthesis and reported loss of retention as the main reason... | purposethis laboratory study assessed the effect of different dentin cleaning procedures on shear bond strength of resin cements for recementing prosthesis.materials and methods4 4 flat surface was prepared on the labial surface of 52 maxillary central incisors .
metal frames ( 4 4 1.5 mm ) were cast with nickel -... |
coronary artery disease ( cad ) , one of the most common causes of premature death , causes myocardial ischemia . as the older population of countries and unhealthy habits and behaviors increase , cad contributed death toll increases . according to data from the world health organization ( who ) in 2008 , 17.3 million ... | background : advances in coronary artery surgery have reduced morbidity , mortality , and rates of graft occlusion .
discharge programs are important services for the continuity of treatment and must encompass physical , psychological , and social aspects of individual patient care .
this study aimed at investigati... |
papillary thyroid carcinoma ( ptc ) is the most common thyroid cancer , representing approximately 80%-90% of all newly diagnosed thyroid cancers .
the most common variants of papillary carcinoma include classical , follicular variant and tall cell variant .
however , many other uncommon variants have been describe... | solid variant is a rare and poorly characterized variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma ( ptc ) and comprises approximately 3% of ptcs .
it is more common in children and has high propensity for extrathyroidal metastasis .
it is seen in higher proportion in post - radiation ptcs and has been seen in more than one -... |
subjective tinnitus is an auditory perception in the absence of physical sources [ 1 , 2 ] .
while transient tinnitus lasts only a couple of seconds to a few hours , chronic tinnitus is an ongoing conscious perception of a sound for more than three months with low incidence of spontaneous remissions . around 515% of ... | background . the generation and maintenance of tinnitus are assumed to be based on maladaptive functional cortical reorganization . listening to modified music , which contains no energy in the range of the individual tinnitus frequency ,
can inhibit the corresponding neuronal activity in the auditory cortex .
musi... |
recombinant soluble trance ( hcd8-trance ) , in which the extracellular domain of murine trance ( amino acids 245 316 ) was fused to human cd8 ( amino acids 1182 ) , was prepared as previously described ( 3 , 4 ) .
hcd8-trance was purified on cyanogen bromide activated sepharose gel conjugated to okt8 following ... | trance ( tumor necrosis factor related activation - induced cytokine ) is a recently described member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that stimulates dendritic cell survival and has also been found to induce osteoclastic differentiation from hemopoietic precursors .
however , its effects on mature ost... |
parkinson s disease ( pd ) is a progressive neuromuscular disorder found most commonly among
older adults ; however , its progression is relatively slow1 .
thus , it is important to help maintain functional abilities related
to independent living through rehabilitation2,3,4,5,6,7,8 .
for instance ,
happier pe... | [ purpose ] maintaining high quality of life is crucial for the rehabilitation of patients
with parkinson s disease .
the quality of life scales currently in use do not assess all
quality of life domains or their importance for each individual .
therefore , a new quality
of life measure , the schedule for the... |
increased obstruction of the small airways and worsening lung hyperinflation during copd exacerbations is associated with increased airway inflammation and systemic inflammation , compared with stable copd [ 4 , 1618 ] .
furthermore , patients with more severe copd demonstrate greater increases in airway and systemic... | exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) are natural events in the progression of the disease , and are characterised by acute worsening of symptoms , especially dyspnoea .
these heterogeneous events follow increased airway inflammation , often due to infection , and lead to decreased airflow a... |
left ventricular ( lv ) remodelling is the process that involves shape , volume , and function rearrangement secondary to acute or chronic myocardial injury .
it is a main feature of the heart failure ( hf ) syndrome and it is strongly related to the progression of the disease and finally to prognosis .
furthermore... | aimsthree - dimensional ( 3d)-echocardiography speckle imaging allows the evaluation of frame - by - frame strain and volume changes simultaneously .
the aim of the present investigation was to describe the strain volume combined assessment in different patterns of cardiac remodelling.methods and resultsfifty patien... |
the histopathological pattern of pulmonary contusions involves the disruption of alveoli , with subsequent intraalveolar and interstitial edema and hemorrhage . computed tomography ( ct ) allows for earlier identification of lung contusions compared with plain roentgenograms because of its high - contrast resolution . ... | aim : to clarify the epidemiological findings and characteristics of ground glass lesions on chest computed tomography ( ct ) after blunt trauma.setting and design : a medical college hospital and retrospective study.materials and methods : we retrospectively investigated all blunt chest trauma patients who were admitt... |
the goal of this study was to assess student perceptions of a variety of instructional practices and attitudes toward class attendance .
data were obtained and analyzed by administering a questionnaire to students of the shifa college of medicine , pakistan in 2011 and 2012 .
the subjects positively assessed most i... | |
soft tissue barrier at the transmucosal passage of the implant unit plays an important role in the maintenance of stability and function of the load bearing implant .
presence or absence of a minimal zone of keratinized tissue around dental implants has been a matter of controversy .
many investigators have conclud... | presence or absence of a minimal zone of keratinized tissue around dental implants has been a matter of controversy .
however , a consensus exists that a thick zone of keratinized zone around implants provides a prosthetic friendly environment , facilitates precise prosthetic procedures , allows oral hygiene maintena... |
esophageal cancer ( ec ) is one of the most common cancers , with both high incidence and mortality .
the most common histological types are esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( escc ) and esophageal adenocarcinoma ( eac ) . in china
, escc is the predominant histologic type ( 9095% ) , in contrast to the predomina... | abstractlymphopenia is a useful predictive factor in several cancers .
the aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of lymphopenia in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( escc).a retrospective analysis of 307 consecutive patients who had undergone esophagectomy for escc was conducted . in... |
the world health organization estimates that anemia affects 1.6 billion people , or nearly one quarter of the world s population , at some time during their life.1 anemia is defined by a hemoglobin level below a threshold value that varies with age and sex2 and it is usually diagnosed by a complete blood cell count .
... | objectivevalid data on anemia caused by bleeding are needed for epidemiological research and monitoring health care .
the danish national registry of patients ( dnrp ) is a nationwide medical database with information on all danish residents hospital history .
we aimed to assess the positive predictive value ( ppv ... |
squamous cell carcinoma ( scc ) of the finger , especially those arising from the nail bed matrix and lateral skin folds are common , especially after the fifth decade of life .
clinical presentation can mimic a host of conditions ranging from infections to neoplasms of bone and soft tissue
. the appearance can be ... | highlightsdigital squamous cell carcinoma commonly mimics chronic granulomatous or fungal infections.chronic non - healing lesions of the digits should be viewed with suspicion.it usually has an indolent course but can be locally destructive.excisional biopsy , providing a clear margin , where possible is usually suffi... |
a wound is known as any loss of continuity in the skin that must be healed or repaired to
provide protection and prevent contamination of the body1 .
wound healing is a complex biological and biochemical process that
involves the removal of invading pathogens from the damaged tissues and the remodeling of
injur... | [ purpose ] this study examined the impact of low - intensity laser therapy on wound healing
and pain control using a rat cutaneous wound model . [ subjects and methods ] twenty - four
adult male sprague - dawley rats ( between 220240 g , 7 weeks ) were used in this study .
the
rats were anesthetized and a cir... |
human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( aids ) continues to constitute a major health problem in sub - saharan africa ( ssa ) where it is estimated that 2.9 million children were currently living with hiv / aids in 2012.1 only 34% of these children are currently on anti -... | background : interrupting anti - retroviral therapy ( art ) for any number of reasons is an indication of a compromised adherence to art . several factors , including the pill burden from other drugs used in treating co - infections in children with human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) , may influence art adherence .
... |
family - centered care ( fcc ) is a collaborative approach to health care where family perspective is central to health care decision - making and represents a core aspect of a system of health care that focuses on the needs of all children in the united states .
health care delivery that is family - centered can imp... | this study examined geographic , racial / ethnic , and sociodemographic disparities in parental reporting of receipt of family - centered care ( fcc ) and its components among us children aged 017 years .
we used the 2011 - 2012 national survey of children 's health to estimate the prevalence and odds of not receivin... |
chlamydia trachomatis ( c. trachomatis ) is an obligate intracellular human pathogen which is responsible for the most reported bacterial sexually transmitted disease worldwide .
genital chlamydial infection has been identified as a major public health and there is an estimated annual incidence of around 92 million c... | background
chlamydia trachomatis is the most reported bacterial sexually transmitted disease , especially among young women worldwide .
the aim of this study was comparison the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis infection in woman with tubal infertility by means of pcr and cell culture techniques.methodsfifty-one ... |
single subject multiple baseline study design was adopted to study the impact of low vision care intervention ( independent variable ) on the reading performance ( dependent variable ) of mdvi children .
three children with cerebral palsy and visual impairment , as diagnosed by neurologist who were studying in a spec... | background : lack of evidence in literature to show low vision care enhances the reading performance in children with multiple disabilities and visual impairment ( mdvi).aim : to evaluate the effectiveness of low vision care intervention on the reading performance of children with mdvi.materials and methods : three sub... |
antipsychotic depot formulations offer a potential solution to poor oral medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia.1 nonadherence and partial adherence to therapy are common in patients on oral antipsychotic therapy , resulting in poor symptom control and increased rates of relapse and hospitalization.24 in a... | objectiveto assess outcomes over 24 months in canadian patients with schizophrenia initiated on risperidone long - acting injection ( rlai ) and participating in the electronic schizophrenia treatment adherence registry ( e - star).materials and methodspatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were enroll... |
lasik surgery is routinely used to correct refraction abnormalities , such as myopia , hypermetropia , or astigmatism , without wearing glasses or contact lenses .
this surgery consists of creating a 100120 micron - thin flap and then sculpting the cornea with an excimer laser to build a new curvature that would corr... | lasik eye surgery has become a very common practice for myopic people , especially those in the military . sometimes undertaken by people who need to keep a specific medical aptitude
, this surgery could be performed in secret from the hierarchy and from the institute medical staff . however , even though the eyes ha... |
in the present article , we discuss the importance of integrating the self , self - awareness , and inter - subjectivity in models of social cognitive neuroscience and psychiatric research while striving to progress in the understanding and treatment of psychiatric disorders .
it involves multiple levels of represent... | in the following article we present a view that social cognition and social neuroscience , as shaped by the current research paradigms , are not sufficient to improve our understanding of psychopathological phenomena .
we hold that the self , self - awareness , and inter - subjectivity are integral to social percepti... |
integrated care is in a key position to play a role in health care reforms in many contemporary health care systems .
the positive outcomes of integration , in terms of reduced duplication of services , improved access to health care and safe , high quality care supported by efficient information flow , are to an inc... | backgroundintegrated health care delivery is a goal of health care systems ; to date there has been limited information on the integration of medical care in practice.purposeto examine and compare perceptions of clinical integration and to identify associated strategic , cultural , technical and structural factors.desi... |
they are a major cause of disfigurement and disability in endemic areas , leading to significant economic and psychosocial impact .
herein we reported a case of filariasis with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding and peripheral edema .
a 56 year - old man was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of recurrent gas... | a 56 year - old man with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding is reported .
the patient had constant crampy pain in his epigastrium , right upper quadrant and periumbilical area .
upper - gastrointestinal endoscopy was normal .
colonoscopy showed a soft - tissue mucosal lesion in the rectum which was determined to... |
these tumors arise from the sex - cord stromal cells of the ovary ( colombo et al . , 2007 ) .
characteristically , gcts produce inhibin ( lapphn et al . , 1989 ) and express aromatase activity promoting estrogen synthesis ( kato et al . , 2015 ) .
there are two subtypes of gcts , adult and juvenile , with the form... | highlightsover 90% of granulosa cell tumors have a foxl2 mutation that contributes to aromatase upregulation.chemotherapy has demonstrated limited efficacy in the treatment of granulosa cell tumors.a patient with recurrent granulosa cell tumor responded briefly to anastrazole treatment.retreatment with another aromatas... |
point - of - care ultrasound has been increasingly widely used in pre - hospital care .
this is mainly due to advancing miniaturization of equipment and the introduction of shortened examination protocols .
the use of an ultrasound apparatus in hospital emergency units has already become a standard .
performing a... | point - of - care ultrasound examination has been increasingly widely used in pre - hospital care .
the use of ultrasound in rescue medicine allows for a quick differential diagnosis , identification of the most important medical emergencies and immediate introduction of targeted treatment . performing and interpreti... |
primary central nervous system germ cell tumor ( cnsgct ) is a relatively rare childhood malignancy that occurs at a higher incidence of 2%9% in japan and taiwan.1 intrasellar germinoma shows a noticeable priority for sites along the midline,2 whereas tumors arising within the sella turcica are extremely rare.3 diabete... | a 17-year - old adolescent boy presented with atypical major depressive episode ( mde ) without specific focal neurological signs for 6 months .
he had a diagnosis of intra - cranial germinoma , and the atypical mde symptoms subsided after the operation . however , he had a relapse of atypical mde 7 months after the ... |
heart failure with preserved ejection fraction ( hfpef ) is associated with a decrease in cardiopulmonary reserve leading to significant maladaptive changes in peripheral arterial and muscular functions .
cardiopulmonary reserve and oxygen uptake efficiency are both decreased in chronic heart failure with reduced e... | background . changes in cardiopulmonary reserve and biomarkers related to wall stress , inflammation , and oxidative stress concomitantly with the evaluation of peripheral arterial blood flow have not been investigated in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction ( hfpef ) compared with healthy subje... |
various authors have described number of changes that take place in the morphology of the human mandible with advancing age .
one of the prominent changes that have been suggested is the change in the gonial ( mandibular ) angle .
the angle between the ramus and the corpus of the mandible is called the gonial angle... | introduction . gonial angle and antegonial region are important landmarks in mandible which is influenced by gender , age , and dental status .
the objective of this study was to evaluate the gonial angle , antegonial angle , and antegonial depth and to investigate their relationship to gender , age group , and denta... |
acute kidney injury ( aki ) has been defined as a rapid decline in glomerular filtration rate that occurs over hours or days 1 , 2 .
aki is common , and absolute incidence of aki has increased 3 , diagnosis of which is frequently based on measurements of blood urea nitrogen ( bun ) 4 .
bun and serum creatinine are ... | urinary kidney injury molecule ( kim-1 ) is a sensitive quantitative biomarker for early detection of kidney tubular injury .
the objective of the present work was to analytically validate this urinary renal injury biomarker .
duo - set reagents from r&d were used to develop the elisa and validate the assay 's line... |
nursing workload is a major challenge of health systems and an important theme in many nursing studies . as a keyword of medical terms in mesh database
, workload is defined as the volume of work an individual , a department , or other employed groups must do in a period of time . in the early 90s ,
nursing workloa... | background : while nursing workload is a worldwide challenge , less attention has been given to the determining factors . understanding these factors is important and could help nursing managers to provide suitable working environment and to manage the adverse outcomes of nursing workload .
the aim of this study was ... |
with the increase in life expectancy , the proportion of the elderly population is constantly growing . in the uk , between 2002 and 2011 , there was a 26% increase in the number of people aged 90 years ; the number of nonagenarians was estimated to be 440290 ( just under 1% of the total population ) , and the number o... | with the increase in life expectancy , the proportion of very elderly people is increasing . coronary artery disease ( cad )
is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in this age group , for which myocardial revascularization is often indicated .
percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ) in the very elderly... |
lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer - related death in both men and women worldwide.1 the need for diagnosis and staging of cancer in patients with suspected lung cancer is a frequent occurrence in medical practice.2 accurate assessment of clinical stage and cell typing at diagnosis is essential for the sele... | the aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and accuracy of supraclavicular lymph node excision biopsy in the diagnosis of suspected supraclavicular lymph node metastasis of lung cancer .
a retrospective review was performed to evaluate patients with suspected supraclavicular lymph node metastasis of lung ca... |
one of the prerequisites for successful endodontic therapy is the determination of the correct working length ( wl ) .
this is critical , as both over- or under - filling has been shown to increase the failure rate .
although still controversial , there is general agreement that the apical constriction is the most ... | introduction : accurate determination of working length ( wl ) is a critical factor for endodontic success .
this is commonly achieved using an apex locator which is influenced by the presence or absence of the apical constriction .
hence , this study was done to compare the accuracy of two generations of apex loca... |
this study provides class iv evidence that long - term fingolimod treatment is well - tolerated and reduces relapse rates , disability progression , and mri effects in patients with rrms .
this extension study consisted of a dose - blinded , parallel - group phase and an open - label phase ; the study was to continue... | objective : to assess long - term safety and efficacy of fingolimod in patients with relapsing - remitting multiple sclerosis ( rrms).methods : patients completing fty720 research evaluating effects of daily oral therapy in ms ( freedoms ) were eligible for this dose - blinded , parallel - group extension study , conti... |
symptoms of internet addiction generally include preoccupation , loss of control , high tolerance , withdrawal , craving , impairment of function and a reduction in the ability to make decisions .
the literature has amply demonstrated a high prevalence of psychological and psychiatric problems such as behavioral , m... | background : internet addiction ( iad ) is one of the most diffuse mental disorders among adolescents.aims:the aim of our study was to evaluate the relationships between shame , self - efficacy and internet addiction.materials and methods : we recruited a total of 670 college students ( males = 164 , 24.5% ; females = ... |
as of this writing , the average desktop computer processor contains on the order of one billion transistors .
although the growth of the semiconductor industry has frequently been compared to that of high - throughput sequencing , the field perhaps shares a number of deeper traits with this year 's joint internation... | a report on the joint 19th annual international conference on intelligent systems for molecular biology ( ismb)/10th annual european conference on computational biology ( eccb ) meetings and the 7th international society for computational biology student council symposium , vienna , austria , 15 - 19 july 2011 . |
this pink coccoid group of bacteria has been frequently reported in western countries causing peritonitis , septicemia , and catheter associated infections in adults and pediatric immunocompromised patients .
here we are presenting a rare case of community acquired secondary infection caused by roseomonas genomospeci... | roseomonas are nonfermenting opportunistic gram - negative bacilli belonging to the newly established genus of roseomonas . the clinical experience with the species is limited and is difficult to diagnose because of limited expertise and lack of commercially available identification kits with any of the automated syste... |
high rates of relapse following periods of abstinence are typically experienced by many alcoholics , contributing to the challenge of the long - term management of alcoholism .
the underlying neuropharmacological mechanisms associated with relapse , however , are not yet fully understood .
recent work suggests that... | recent work suggests that the dynorphin ( dyn)/kappa opioid receptor ( kor ) system may be a key mediator in the behavioral effects of alcohol . the objective of the present study was to examine the ability of the kor antagonist norbinaltorphimine ( nor - bni ) to attenuate relapse to ethanol seeking due to priming inj... |
initial antiseizure drug monotherapy controls seizures in approximately half of patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy .
remission rates range from 63 to 84% in patients with focal epilepsy on monotherapy with 5 of the most common antiseizure drugs . however , long - term retention is low because of side effects , ra... | ten adults were treated with ketogenic diet monotherapy for epilepsy .
four patients were nave to antiseizure drugs ( asds ) , and six previously tried and stopped asds . of four treatment - nave participants , two ( 50% ) were free from disabling seizures on modified atkins diet ( mad ) monotherapy for > 1 year . ... |
four representative cases were retrospectively selected among patients who were examined at the glaucoma clinic of the asan medical center .
patients were either referred from the neurology / neurosurgery department of the same hospital , or from their local eye clinic for an ocular examination . every patient receiv... | purposeto evaluate patterns of macular retinal ganglion cell ( rgc ) loss measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography in patients with neurologic lesions mimicking glaucoma.methodswe evaluated four patients with neurological lesions who showed characteristic patterns of rgc loss , as determined by ganglion... |
a total of 47 purebred akita dogs ( age 113 years ) from tokyo , kanagawa and saitama areas were used .
all dogs were privately owned and fed dry dog food not
containing vitamin c. their blood relation is not known , except for two dogs ( aunt and niece ) .
after informed consent , venous blood was taken from the... | we investigated hematologic characteristics of healthy akita dogs .
all were found to contain glucose transporters , glut1 and glut4 , in erythrocyte membrane ,
whereas beagle and any other western dogs have only glut4 . of 47 akitas , ten showed high k and low na concentrations with elevated glutathione ( gsh ) in... |
specific periodontal pathogens trigger inflammatory responses and result in progressive bone loss , which eventually leads to exfoliation of the teeth . at present ,
dental implants are successfully used to replace extracted teeth . despite the long - term predictability of implants , some complications may occur ... | purposeperi - implantitis and periodontitis are inflammatory and infectious diseases of implant and tooth - supporting tissues .
recently , the role of gene polymorphisms of immune response components in the relevant pathogenesis has been investigated .
the present study was the first to evaluate the relationship b... |
the government of nepal has promoted institutional births through the expansion of birthing centers in existing peripheral health institutions and the availability of 24-hour comprehensive emergency obstetric care at hospitals .
in addition , the ministry of health and population ( mohp ) introduced maternity incenti... | the impact of rapid increase in institutional birth rate in nepal on women 's satisfaction and planned future utilization of services is less well known .
this study aimed to measure women 's satisfaction with maternity care and its correlation with intended future utilisation .
data came from a nationally represen... |
the carbonylamines presented in the paper ( scheme 1 ) are prototypes of malonaldehydes investigated in a number of experimental and computational studies [ 13 ] .
the given compounds can be referred to so - called resonance assisted hydrogen bond ( rahb ) system being elaborated by gilli et al . .
recently the in... | the ketoenamine - enolimine tautometic equilibrium has been studied by the analysis of aromaticity and electron - topological parameters .
the influence of substituents on the energy of the transition state and of the tautomeric forms has been investigated for different positions of chelate chain .
the quantum theo... |
the identification of dna regulatory regions is one of the most important and challenging problems toward the functional annotation of genomes . in higher eukaryotes , transcription factor ( tf ) binding sites
are often organized in clusters called cis - regulatory modules ( crm ) , which consists of dna regions of u... | we describe premod , a new database of genome - wide cis - regulatory module ( crm ) predictions for both the human and the mouse genomes .
the prediction algorithm , described previously in blanchette et al .
( 2006 ) genome res . ,
16 , 656668 , exploits the fact that many known crms are made of clusters of phy... |
wide application and release of polychlorinated
biphenyls ( pcbs )
in past decades have led to their ubiquity in the environment .
the production of pcbs was banned in the 1970s , but their persistence , high toxicity , and bioaccumulation continue
to raise concerns regarding their long - term damage to living ... | hydroxylated
metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls ( oh - pcbs )
have been found to be ubiquitous in the environment due to the oxidative
metabolism of their parent pcbs . with more polarity , oh - pcbs may be
more toxic and mobile than their parent compounds .
however , the behavior
and fate of oh - pcb... |
serum amyloid a ( saa ) and c - reactive protein ( crp )
are acute - phase proteins predominantly produced and secreted by
hepatocytes . other cells including lymphocytes ,
monocytes , and macrophages can also produce these proteins
.
the induction of saa and crp synthesis is triggered by a
number of cytoki... | the distinction between exudates and transudates is very important
in the patient management . here
we evaluate whether the
acute - phase protein serum amyloid a ( saa ) , in comparison with c
reactive protein ( crp ) and total protein ( tp ) , can be useful in
this discrimination .
crp , saa , and tp wer... |
a 62-year - old woman visited the department of cardiology due to aggravated chest pain with dyspnea , which started a week before her visit .
the patient had a history of hypertension ; she was diagnosed 20 years earlier . on her visit ,
her initial mental status was normal , blood pressure was 130/80 mmhg , pulse... | we report a case of a postinfarction ventricular septal defect caused by an acute recurrent occlusion after the implantation of a covered stent , which was performed as a rescue procedure for the ruptured left anterior descending artery during a percutaneous coronary intervention .
although the emergent implantation ... |
in india , as in other developing countries , a very significant proportion of dental problems are due to microbial infections .
dental problems are of three types , formation of dental plaques , dental caries and periodontal diseases.1 dental caries is a localized , transmissible infectious process that ends up in t... | background : anti - microbial agents have been used as a chemotherapeutic agent to improve oral health .
this in vitro study was carried out to determine antimicrobial efficacy of different toothpastes and mouthrinses against the oral pathogens.methods:a total of five toothpastes and five mouthrinses were tested for ... |
metal nanoparticles exhibit unique electronic , magnetic , catalytic , and optical properties that are different from bulk metals and dependent on their size and shape [ 15 ] .
gold is often considered the most inert of all metals ; however , methods for preparing catalysts having nanoparticles of gold on oxide suppo... | the development of reliable processes for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles is an important aspect of current nanotechnology research .
recently , reports are published on the extracellular as well as intracellular biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using microorganisms . however , these methods of synthesis are ra... |
female sex workers ( fsws ) are at high risk of acquiring and transmitting hiv due to the nature of their work , which includes multiple concurrent partners and inconsistent condom use ( hearst & chen , 2004 ; national aids control organisation [ naco ] , 2007 ; reiss & leik , 1989 ) . understanding the nature of femal... | these authors examine the nature and extent of fluidity in defining the typology of female sex work based on the place of solicitation or place of sex or both places together , and whether sex workers belonging to a particular typology are at increased risk of hiv in southern india .
data are drawn from a cross - sec... |
differential cyp1a1 inducibility , reflecting variations in aromatic hydrocarbon receptor ( ahr ) affinity among inbred mouse strains , is an important determinant of environmental toxicity .
we took advantage of the ahr polymorphism in c57bl/6 and dba/2 mice to develop an oligonucleotide - hybridization screening ap... | |
systems pharmacology models capable of accurately recapitulating sophisticated patient phenotypes have enabled the investigation of mechanisms responsible for therapeutic efficacy . although omics data sets are capable of characterizing the operation of subcellular networks , their utility in mechanistically predicting... | |
as the population ages , an increasing number of patients are prescribed antiplatelet therapy ( clopidogrel , aspirin , cilostazol , ticlopidine , dipyridamole , etc ) for a variety of indications including cardiovascular disease , prevention of thrombotic events after drug - eluting stent placement , peripheral arteri... | objective : there continues to be controversy over whether operative delay is necessary for patients on antiplatelet therapy , particularly for elderly patients with hip fractures .
this study sought to assess current clinical practices of orthopedic surgeons regarding perioperative management of these patients.metho... |
the increase in suicides has become a serious social problem in recent years in many countries , including japan .
the number of suicides in japan passed 30,000 per year in 2000 and shows no sign of decreasing.1 the number of suicide attempts is probably at least ten times greater than the number of completed suicide... | suicide is a serious social problem in many countries , including japan .
the majority of people who commit suicide suffer from depression .
suicide attempt patients suffering from serious physical injuries are initially treated in hospital emergency departments . the present post hoc analysis examined data from pa... |
between february 2000 to april 2004 , the papineau technique was used to treat 31 consecutive patients , all males ages 2567 years , who had draining osteomyelitis ( 12 patients ) or infected pseudoarthrosis ( 19 patients ) .
the mechanism of injury included 20 motorcycle accidents , three falls , four crush work rel... | the treatment of 31 consecutive adult patients , ages 2567 years with chronic draining osteomyelitis ( 12 cases ) or infected pseudarthrosis ( 19 cases ) by the papineau technique was retrospectively reviewed .
the initial injury was an open fracture in 24 patients and a closed fracture in 7 patients . in all cases
... |
we performed a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of patients with ptc under approval by the institutional review board of the catholic university of korea seoul st .
we enrolled a total of 244 consecutive patients with tcvptc ( n=95 ) and classic ptc with tcf ( n=149 ) and also selected 203 ... | backgroundthe tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma ( tcvptc ) is more aggressive than classic papillary thyroid carcinoma ( ptc ) , but the percentage of tall cells needed to diagnose tcvptc remains controversial .
in addition , little is known about the clinicopathologic features of classic ptc with tall... |
it is known that fatigue and chronic fatigue ( cf ) are common in patients visiting primary care institutions . since the concept of chronic fatigue syndrome ( cfs ) emerged in western countries in the 1980s , there have been many epidemiological and clinical researches on cf and cfs .
the term and definition of cfs ... | there have been many epidemiological and clinical researches on chronic fatigue ( cf ) and chronic fatigue syndrome ( cfs ) since the 1990s , but such studies have been quite limited in korea .
the aim of this study was to investigate the point prevalence of cf and cfs in patients who visited community - based eight ... |
sensitivity to ozone of pollen germinating in vitro is closely correlated with ozone sensitivity of the pollen parent .
ozone - sensitive and tolerant pollen populations have been identified in tobacco , petunia , and tomato cultivars . the rate of tube elongation can be reversibly slowed or stopped by exposure to lo... | |
it has been hypothesized that environmental exposure to synthetic estrogenic chemicals and related endocrine - active compounds may be responsible for a global decrease in sperm counts , decreased male reproductive capacity , and breast cancer in women .
results of recent studies show that there are large demographic... | |
the leech is a hemophagic parasite , living on occasional meals of blood obtained by attaching to fish , amphibians , and mammals . infestation occurs by drinking infested water from quiet streams , pools and springs .
externally , leeches tend to have a brown and red striped design on an olive colored background .
... | this paper presents a case of a 7 year - old child who presented with a 14-days history of blood stained saliva and shortness of breath of 3 days with signs of upper airway obstruction .
laryngoscopy revealed a blackish living foreign body in the proximal trachea . under general anesthesia
the leech was removed by ... |
an important area of research in nanotechnology deals with the synthesis of nanoparticles of different chemical compositions , dimension , and controlled monodispersity .
currently , there is a growing need to develop environmentally benign nanoparticle synthetic processes that are free from toxic chemicals in the sy... | biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using westiellopsis sp .
( a15 ) , a filamentous cyanobacterium belonging to the family fischerellaceae , has been demonstrated .
aqueous silver ions ( ag+ ) when exposed to the culture filtrate of westiellopsis were reduced in the solution , which were characterized by biophysi... |
the majority of the cervical spine injuries are treated with some form of external immobilization.1 at this moment , there are more than hundreds of different external devices available to immobilize the cervical spine .
these often prefabricated devices are made by a variety of manufacturers in an unregulated area o... | study design interobserver and intraobserver reliability study .
objective the aim of this study is to validate a new classification system of external cervical spine immobilization devices by measuring the interobserver and intraobserver agreement .
methods a classification system , with five main categories , ... |
a series of polychlorinated biphenyl ( pcb ) fires and explosion in pcb - filled capacitors and transformers is discussed . a sampling program followed by isomer specific determination of trace levels of polychlorinated dibenzofurans ( pcdfs ) and polychlorinated dibenzo - p - dioxins ( pcdds ) is described .
data fr... | |
there is great diversity in aging rates among species , geographical populations , and mutants within species .
this variation is a rich resource to explore loss of function and gain of function in aging processes ( austad 2010 ) .
a variety of aging rates have evolved to meet the challenges of specific environment... | comparative biogerontology has much to contribute to the study of aging .
a broad range of aging rates have evolved to meet environmental challenges , and understanding these adaptations can produce valuable insights into aging .
the supra phylum lophotrochozoa is particularly understudied and has several groups th... |
detailed description of gwa study subjects in the nhs and the wghs are available in the supplementary methods online .
briefly , the 2,287 nhs participants included in the present analysis were from the nested breast cancer case - control study in the nhs subcohort with blood sample collection between 1989 - 1990 .
... | age at menarche and age at natural menopause are associated with causes of substantial morbidity and mortality such as breast cancer and cardiovascular disease .
studies have suggested both traits might be partially under genetic control .
we performed a joint analysis of two genome - wide association studies of th... |
conventional x - ray imaging remains first line investigation in cases of trivial hip pain in almost all cases ; however , stress fractures , especially in hip joint region , often remain undiagnosed on the radiograph .
triphasic bone scan with tc - methylene diphosphonate ( mdp ) and single - photon emission compute... | stress insufficiency fracture is usually diagnosed clinically and on the basis of routine x - ray imaging findings .
however , the absence of any known predisposing factors and negative or occult radiographic findings pose diagnostic challenges .
we report the case of an elderly male patient who presented with a ch... |
csf specimens were obtained for diagnostic purposes from 170 patients with a clinical diagnosis of aseptic meningitis from august to october in each year from 1999 to 2002 , in hiroshima prefecture .
these csf specimens were sent to the division of microbiology ii , hiroshima prefectural institute of health and envir... | cerebrospinal fluid specimens from 57 patients diagnosed with meningitis were tested for japanese encephalitis virus .
total rna was extracted from the specimens and amplified .
two products had highest homology with nakayama strain and 2 with ishikawa strain .
results suggest that japanese encephalitis virus cau... |
prenatal alcohol exposure can have serious and permanent adverse effects on children , whith the most severe outcome being the fetal alcohol syndrome ( fas ) .
it is characterized by a dysmorphic face with short palpebral fissure , smooth philtrum , and thin upper lip , pre- or postnatal growth deficiency , and centr... | prenatal alcohol exposure can have serious and permanent adverse effects .
the developing brain is the most vulnerable organ to the insults of prenatal alcohol exposure . a behavioral phenotype of prenatal alcohol exposure including conduct disorders
is also described .
this study on a sample of brazilian adolesc... |
case notification data for 20022013 were obtained from the 3 ntp tb registers ( 1 per dots center ) . data on geographic location ( up to medical area level ) of tb cases were available electronically from 2005 and on age groups from 2010 .
we defined a tb case based on > 1 of the following diagnostic criteria : sput... | during 20022013 , a total of 1,890 tuberculosis cases were recorded in fiji .
notification rates per 100,000 population increased from 17.4 cases in 2002 to 28.4 in 2013 .
older persons were most affected , but tuberculosis also increased sharply in persons 2544 years of age . |
pc12 cells were cultured as described previously and transfected with pkdc1ab - gfp expression vector ( 0.8 to 1 g total dna , 15 10 cells , 24-well plate ) using lipofectamine 2000 as previously reported . under these conditions ,
twenty - four h after transfection , pc12 cells were treated 2 h with 4 mm neomycin o... | human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv)-infected cells actively release the transcriptional activator ( tat ) viral protein that is required for efficient hiv gene transcription .
we recently reported that extracellular tat is able to enter uninfected neurosecretory cells .
internalized tat escapes endosomes to reach t... |
many features of the sars epidemic and the public health response are worth recalling because they provide reminders of challenges posed by the emergence of a new disease that is transmissible from person to person .
some of these features include the initial lack of field investigative capacity , reference laborator... | ten years have elapsed since the world health organization issued its first global alert for an unexplained illness named severe acute respiratory syndrome ( sars ) .
the anniversary provides an opportunity to reflect on the international response to this new global microbial threat .
while global surveillance and ... |
a young male of 28 years of age presented with increased talkativeness , irritability , agitation , grandiose beliefs , decreased need for sleep for 1 month .
he had a similar episode in past ( 8 years back ) ; though treatment details were not available for last episode , there was however no history suggestive of a... | neuroleptic malignant syndrome ( nms ) is a rare , severe and life threatening condition induced by antipsychotic medications .
it is commonly encountered with the use of first generation antipsychotics , however cases of nms have been reported with the use of second generation antipsychotics like olanzapine , risper... |
the etiological agent of the disease is a unicellular flagellated protozoan parasite of the genus trypanosoma .
trypanosomes ( 2030 m 1.53.5 m ) are blood - borne unicellular protozoan parasites dwelling in various body and tissue fluids
the parasite is known for more than a century , but still the control of th... | trypanosomiasis is one of the major parasitic diseases for which control is still far from reality
. the vaccination approaches by using dominant surface proteins have not been successful , mainly due to antigenic variation of the parasite surface coat . on the other hand ,
the chemotherapeutic drugs in current use... |
type 2 diabetes ( t2d ) is characterized by -cell dysfunction . in addition to cell - autonomous defects that can be demonstrated long before disease onset , there are cell - nonautonomous contributors to -cell dysfunction , such as disturbance in - and -cell interactions , pancreatic ectopic lipid deposition [ 3 , 4 ]... | type 2 diabetes ( t2d ) is characterized by -cell dedifferentiation , but underlying mechanisms remain unclear . the purpose of the current study was to explore the mechanisms of -cell dedifferentiation with and without long - term control of calorie intake .
we used a diabetes mouse model ( db / db ) to analyze the ... |
traditionally , open dismembered pyeloplasty has been the standard treatment for ureteropelvic junction obstruction ( upjo ) . in 1993 ,
schuessler and associates described the first laparoscopic pyeloplasty , and since then it has been shown to result in similar outcomes to open pyeloplasty with a lower morbidity . ... | purposedespite a recent surge in the performance of laparoendoscopic single - site surgery ( less ) , concerns remain about performing less pyeloplasty ( less - p ) because of the technical difficulty in suturing .
we report our techniques and initial experiences with less - p using additional needlescopic instrument... |
parastomal hernia ( ph ) is a frequent complication following creation of colostomy and ileostomy .
the development of ph does not always necessitate repair , but when surgical intervention is undertaken , recurrence is common .
standard surgical approaches include local suture repair , local prosthetic mesh placem... | background / objectives : despite multiple options for operative repair of parastomal hernia , results are frequently disappointing .
we review our experience with parastomal hernia repair.methods:a retrospective chart review was performed on all patients with parastomal hernia who underwent lap or open repair at our... |
alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , first described by the german neurologist alois alzheimer , is a neurodegenerative disease affecting the brain , which is an irreversible , progressive brain disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills and eventually even the ability to carry out the simplest tasks . in recent ... | background .
cola acuminata seed , a commonly used stimulant in nigeria , has been reportedly used for the management of neurodegenerative diseases in folklore without scientific basis .
this study sought to investigate the anticholinesterase and antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts from c. acuminata seed in ... |
in 2003 , a 38-year - old woman was referred for analysis of suspected cteph .
she was mildly mentally retarded , which was said to be the consequence of a congenital rubella infection .
based on a high - probability ventilation - perfusion scintigraphy , bilateral multiple pulmonary emboli were diagnosed .
antic... | we report a 38-year - old patient who presented with pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction due to pulmonary artery stenoses as a manifestation of williams syndrome , mimicking chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension .
the patient was treated with balloon angioplasty and stent implantation .
... |
zinc oxide ( zno ) is a direct wide band gap semiconductor with an energy gap of 3.37 ev and a large exciton binding energy of 60 mev at room temperature ( rt ) .
these unique properties make zno a promising candidate for applications in optical and optoelectronic devices [ 3 - 6 ] .
furthermore , it is well kn... | we investigated the optical properties of colloidal - synthesized zno spherical nanoparticles prepared from 1-octadecene ( od ) , a mixture of trioctylamine ( toa ) and od ( 1:10 ) , and a mixture of trioctylphosphine oxide ( topo ) and od ( 1:12 ) .
it is found that the green photoluminescence ( pl ) of samples from... |
recent investigations have reported that along with the surface topographical modifications , the application of bioactive agents may result in enhanced osteogenic properties to the implant surface [ 2 - 4 ] .
bioactive implants have been reported to possibly develop a biochemical bonding between the bone tissue and ... | abstractobjectivesthis study aims to evaluate bone response to an implant surface modified by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 [ 1.25-(oh)2d3 ] in vivo and the potential link between 1.25-(oh ) 2d3 surface concentration and bone response.material and methodstwenty - eight implants were divided into 4 groups ( 1 uncoated contro... |
arterial stiffening is a hallmark of the aging process and atherosclerosis , with a reduction in normal aortic compliance .
the aorta serves as a conduit for delivery of an adequate blood supply to peripheral tissues , while dampening sudden oscillations in blood pressure produced by intermittent ventricular ejection... | aortic stiffness is a hallmark of aging , and classic cardiovascular risk factors play a role in accelerating this process .
current changes in medicine , which focus on preventive care , have led to a growing interest in noninvasive evaluation of aortic stiffness .
aortic stiffness has emerged as a good tool for f... |
the male : female ratio of autistic children has been reported and widely accepted as approximately 4 males to every 1 female .
a report by whiteley et al based on data in the united kingdom and the republic of ireland from the first decade of 2000 revealed in 1963 children with pervasive developmental delay ( pdd ) ... | an information technology invention embodied in a website serving the interests of the autism community was designed to let the data talk . by its use , the authors have detected a downward temporal trend in 2013 in the sex ratio of 2431 members of autism360.org from a yearly average between 2010 and 2012 of 4.24 to ... |
ste20 kinase in s. cerevisae functions as a map4k in the mating pheromone - response map kinase pathway .
there are 28 kinases in this family in mammals , with some members functioning similarly to ste20 in map kinase signaling cascades .
the ste20 family of protein kinases is further subdivided into p21-activated ... | although the sterile 20 ( ste20 ) serine / threonine protein kinase was originally identified as a component of the s. cerevisiae mating pathway , it has homologs in higher eukaryotes and is part of a larger family of ste20-like kinases .
ste20-like kinases are involved in multiple cellular processes , such as cell g... |
each eukaryotic mrna encoding a protein is usually associated with only one open reading frame ( herein called reference orf ) or coding sequence ( cds ) delineated by a start codon ( most of the time aug ) and a stop codon , required to initiate and end translation , respectively .
this simplistic view is however be... | human alternative open reading frames ( haltorf ) is a publicly available and searchable online database referencing putative products of out - of - frame alternative translation initiation ( ati ) in human mrnas . out - of - frame
ati is a process by which a single mrna encodes independent proteins , when distinct i... |
we report the structure of the fifth monohydrate of gallic
acid
and two additional anhydrate polymorphs and evidence of at least 22
other solvates formed , many containing water and another solvent .
this unprecedented number of monohydrate polymorphs and diversity
of solid forms is consistent with the anhydr... | |
the explosion of the
deepwater horizon ( dwh ) oil rig on april 20 ,
2010 led to the release of approximately 4.1 million gallons of oil
into the gulf of mexico . between april
28 and july 19 , 411 in situ burns
an additional nonmechanical
response included the application of 2.1 million gallons of chemical... | passive sampling
devices were used to measure air vapor and water
dissolved phase concentrations of 33 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
( pahs ) and 22 oxygenated pahs ( opahs ) at four gulf of mexico coastal
sites prior to , during , and after shoreline oiling from the deepwater
horizon oil spill ( dwh ) .
... |
social media , such as facebook and twitter , have profoundly changed our cultural and societal landscapes , and dramatically altered the way the news is reported and how opinions are conveyed . by 2020 , the number of worldwide social media users is expected to reach 2.95 billion , around a third of the earth s popula... | a new class of social web - based metrics for scholarly publications ( altmetrics ) has surfaced as a complement to traditional citation - based metrics . our aim was to study and characterize those recent papers in the field of parkinson s disease which had received the highest altmetric attention scores and to compar... |
gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma is an unusual type of gastric tumor associated with a better prognosis than typical gastric carcinomas .
the hallmark of this cancer is a prominent lymphoid infiltration of the stroma that represents an intense host lymphocytic response .
the programmed death 1programmed death... | abstractintroduction : gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma is an unusual type of gastric tumor associated with a better prognosis than typical gastric carcinomas . the hallmark of this cancer is a prominent lymphoid infiltration of the stroma that represents an intense host lymphocytic response .
the programmed de... |
we sequenced the samples to an average coverage of 43-fold ( range 3483 fold ) at illumina ltd . ; almost all samples ( 278 ) were prepared using the same pcr - free library preparation .
we aligned reads to the human reference genome hs37d5/hg19 using bwa - mem ( bwa-0.7.12 ) ( supplementary information section 1 ) ... | we report the simons genome diversity project ( sgdp ) dataset : high quality genomes from 300 individuals from 142 diverse populations . these genomes include at least 5.8 million base pairs that are not present in the human reference genome .
our analysis reveals key features of the landscape of human genome variat... |
numerous chemical compounds , ranging from the antimalaria drug artemisinin to the biofuel butanol [ 2 , 3 ] , have been produced with the aid of synthetic biology tools .
the ability to efficiently synthesize natural or unnatural products requires a systems - level understanding of metabolism .
functional geno... | metabolic flux analysis is a vital tool used to determine the ultimate output of cellular metabolism and thus detect biotechnologically relevant bottlenecks in productivity .
13c - based metabolic flux analysis ( 13c - mfa ) and flux balance analysis ( fba ) have many potential applications in biotechnology . however... |
autism spectrum disorders ( asd ) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by stereotyped interests , repetitive behaviors , and impairments in communication and social interaction .
currently 1 in 88 children has been identified as having asd . despite the high incidence of asd , etiology and pathog... | autism spectrum disorders ( asd ) are characterized by impairments in communication , social interactions , and repetitive behaviors . while the etiology of asd is complex and likely involves the interplay of genetic and environmental factors , growing evidence suggests that immune dysfunction and the presence of autoi... |
t - cell epitope prediction and construction of the chimeric protein
- the sequences of the egtrp , ega31 , p14 - 3 - 3 and eggst antigens were analysed by the
propred and iedb servers and potential t - cell epitopes were predicted .
the server
helped to identify allele - specific binding regions in the candida... | in this study , we designed an experiment to predict a potential
immunodominant t - cell epitope and evaluate the protectivity of this antigen in
immunised mice .
the t - cell epitopes of the candidate proteins ( eggst , ega31 ,
eg95 , egtrp and p14 - 3 - 3 ) were detected using available web - based databases ... |
although a major focus of experimental medicine has been the development of new biological agents , dissecting the mechanism(s ) of action of successful new agents is equally important .
removed from the regulatory and conceptual straightjacket of clinical trials , successful biologic agents are now being administere... | there has been much fanfare , and rightly so , heralding a revolution in the treatment of autoimmune disease using biologic agents antibodies or other molecules that specifically target known mediators of disease . but not all patients respond to even the most successful biologic agent , which may provide clues about ... |
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