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a 6 - 8 hours fasting period for solids and liquids is the traditional management in the preoperative preparation process . prospective randomized studies demonstrated that reducing the preoperative fasting to 2 hours along with ingestion of a maltodextrin solution provides emotional and especially metabolic benefits...
abstractobjective : to evaluate the change in respiratory function and functional capacity according to the type of preoperative fasting.methods:randomized prospective clinical trial , with 92 female patients undergoing cholecystectomy by laparotomy with conventional or 2 hours shortened fasting . the variables measu...
neoadjuvant therapies for breast cancer allow conservative surgery in patients with large tumours and in situ evaluation of the efficacy of chemotherapy . the response to chemotherapy is an important prognostic factor that influences surgical management and the type of postoperative chemotherapy . a complete tumour...
the role of imaging for patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer is not only to evaluate the therapeutic response in terms of tumour shrinkage , but also to predict the histological response to chemotherapy , which is correlated to survival . surgery and histopathological analysis after neoadjuvant...
in their review , spronk and colleagues address some of the very real dilemmas faced by clinicians during the resuscitation of critically ill patients with trauma or sepsis . having made a diagnostic judgment as to the presenting problem sepsis or trauma the clinician must next decide on the phase of resuscitatio...
resuscitation of critically ill patients with trauma or sepsis continues to challenge clinicians . early imperatives include diagnostic judgment as to the presenting problem sepsis or trauma . subsequently , the clinician decides on the phase of resuscitation required for support ' ebb ' versus ' flow ' . finally...
a 40-year - old female visited our clinic for agradual visual disturbance in her right eye in january 2007 . her best - corrected visual acuity ( bcva ) was 20/160 od and 20/20 os . a few barely detectable creamy - yellow retinal lesions were seen in the right eye . eighteen months prior , she had been diagnosed ...
a 40-year - old female visited our clinic for visual disturbance of the right eye , in which a few creamy - yellow retinal lesions and visual field constrictions were noted . she had been treated for primary cns lymphoma and was in complete remission . after failure to follow - up for three months , she lost vision...
since self - expandable metallic stent ( sems ) placement started being covered by insurance in japan in january 2012 , sems placement has been practiced in several hospitals in japan , including ours . the insertion of sems was performed under endoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance by endoscopists and surgeons . wal...
self - expandable metallic stent ( sems ) placement has been practiced in several hospitals in japan , including ours , since january 2012 . here , we report the case of an 82-year - old japanese man who presented to the hospital with a 1-week history of right hypochondrial pain . computed tomography ( ct ) findings in...
obesity is an alarming public health problem and its prevalence is increasing worldwide ( 1 ) . gastritis is inflammation of the lining of the stomach due to several causes , including h. pylori infection , which is caused by gram negative bacteria that affect the gastric mucosa ( 2 ) . the prevalence of h. pylori in...
introductionobesity is a condition that has significant impact on public health . recent exciting studies have linked chronic gastritis and h. pylori infection to obesity . chronic gastritis has shown increased prevalence in obesity , more particularly h. pylori - related gastritis . this study aimed to determine t...
in late 2002 , severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ( sars - cov ) crossed the species barrier from animals to humans . sars first struck in guangdong province , china , and was officially recognized by the world health organization ( who ) in february 2003 . after its introduction into human populations i...
abstracta novel betacoronavirus , human coronavirus ( hcov - emc ) , has recently been detected in humans with severe respiratory disease . further characterization of hcov - emc suggests that this virus is different from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ( sars - cov ) because it is able to replicate in ...
today , endobronchial ultrasound ( ebus ) has emerged as a routinely performed procedure in diagnostic bronchoscopy . first , endosonography was used in the field of gastrointestinal endoscopy . particularly for staging tumors of the esophagus and cardia,1 endosonography several studies have showed that endoscopic ...
endobronchial ultrasound ( ebus ) has emerged as a routinely performed procedure in diagnostic bronchoscopy . extending the view beyond the airway wall , ebus provides evaluation of tumor involvement of tracheobronchial wall and mediastinum and plays an essential role as a guidance technique for peripheral pulmonary ...
chronic subdural hematoma ( csdh ) is a relatively common disease encountered in neurosurgical practice , occurring at a rate of 1 - 2 per 100,000/year . with advanced imaging technologies , such as computed tomography ( ct ) and magnetic resonance image ( mri ) , many studies have been conducted to understand the pa...
objectivebrain atrophy and subdural hygroma were well known factors that enlarge the subdural space , which induced formation of chronic subdural hematoma ( csdh ) . thus , we identified the subdural volume that could be used to predict the rate of future csdh after head trauma using a computed tomography ( ct ) volu...
simultaneous presence of esophageal varices ( ev ) and achalasia is an uncommon clinical scenario . previous reports suggest placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt ( tips ) and surgical myotomy or endoscopy therapy for treatment 1 . for patients who are not candidates for a tips , injection of...
background and study aims : previous reports of simultaneous presence of esophageal varices ( ev ) and achalasia suggest placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt ( tips ) and surgical myotomy or endoscopic therapy . we report the case of a 64-year - old man who received anticoagulant therapy for a...
mycorrhizal fungi help host plants absorb minerals ( especially phosphate ) and water and enable plants to develop resistance against stressors such as drought and heavy - metal contamination of soils . ectomycorrhizal ( ecm ) fungi have a relationship with the roots of forest woody plants and play important roles in...
in this study , the effect of soil ameliorators on ectomycorrhizal ( ecm ) fungal communities in coal mine spoils was investigated . organic fertilizers and slaked lime were applied as soil ameliorators in 3 abandoned coal mine spoils . one year after the initial treatment , roots of pinus densiflora seedlings were c...
the study protocol was approved by the institutional review board of severance cardiovascular hospital , yonsei university health system , and adhered to the declaration of helsinki . all 2136 subjects ( 1068 with af patients and 1068 with age- and sex - matched control subjects ) provided written informed consent . ...
backgroundgenomewide association studies have identified several loci associated with atrial fibrillation ( af ) and have been reportedly associated with response to catheter ablation for af in patients of european ancestry ; however , associations between top susceptibility loci and af recurrence after ablation have n...
1a ) . the outer nuclear membrane ( onm ) is contiguous with the endoplasmic reticulum ( er ) and shares a number of integral membrane components . , the inner nuclear membrane ( inm ) contains a distinct set of proteins and lipids from either the onm or the er . proteomic analysis of the inm indicates that it is com...
the defining feature of eukaryotic cells is the double lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope ( ne ) that serves as a physical barrier separating the genome from the cytosol . nuclear pore complexes ( npcs ) are embedded in the ne to facilitate transport of proteins and other macromolecules into and out of the nucleus...
in recent decades , significant progress has been made in the application of information technologies and communication technologies in the search and recovery of information resources . one of the areas that has dramatically changed after the introduction of information technology is medical education . it aims to...
introductionthe significance and validity of web - based scientific databases are increasing dramatically in the scientific community . moreover , a great number of students use these resources without having sufficient and accurate knowledge and understanding . in order for students to use these databases and electr...
plasmodium falciparum , an intraerythrocytic parasite that causes the most severe form of human malaria , is endemic to haiti where it caused 32 739 infections and contributed to an estimated 741 malaria deaths in 2006 [ 13 ] . malaria infection poses a risk to the 140 000 travelers from nonendemic cou...
malaria is one of the most common causes of febrile illness in travelers . coinfections with bacterial , viral , and fungal pathogens may not be suspected unless a patient fails to respond to malaria treatment . using novel immunohistochemical and molecular techniques , plasmodium falciparum , clostridium perfringens...
the author said that the facial appearance at birth resemble darhinencephaly and inaddition showed frontal sinus hypoplasia and nasal mucosal atrophy . there has been a great deal of debate regarding the extent of deformity in patients with this syndrome . some believe , it involves only the nasal region whereas ot...
binder 's syndrome is an uncommon entity characterized by midfacial hypoplasia along with class iii incisal relationship . the individuals with this syndrome are easily recognizable and the syndrome is mostly associated with other malocclusions . the current article presents two cases of this rare syndrome and desc...
a 61-year - old woman with a left ovarian cyst was scheduled for laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy under general anesthesia . at age 49 a transthoracic echocardiogram ( tte ) revealed decreased lv cavity size and mild to moderate lv systolic dysfunction with an ejection fraction ( ef ) of 40% by visual estimation . t...
isolated left ventricular noncompaction ( lvnc ) is a rare primary genetic cardiomyopathy characterized by prominent trabeculation of the left ventricular wall and intertrabecular recesses . perioperative management of the patient with lvnc might be challenging due to the clinical symptoms of heart failure , systemic...
vital parameters are monitored and intubation provides a safe airway ; drugs ensure analgesia and suppress vegetative reactions . however , the use of general anesthesia precludes intraoperative monitoring of higher brain functions , and lesions made to the central nervous system being detected when reversibility of ...
background . surgical stress triggers an inflammatory response and releases mediators into human plasma such as interleukins ( ils ) . awake craniotomy and craniotomy performed under general anesthesia may be associated with different levels of stress . our aim was to investigate whether those procedures cause diff...
the intensive care units are treatment units that provide the vital support to the critically ill patients . nosocomial infections ( nis ) are one of the most serious complications in intensive care unit ( icu ) patients because they lead to high morbidity , mortality , length of stay and cost . although only 510% ...
summarybackgroundnosocomial infections are one of the most serious complications in intensive care unit patients because they lead to high morbidity , mortality , length of stay and cost . the aim of this study was to determine the nosocomial infections , risk factors , pathogens and the antimicrobial susceptibilitie...
sirtuins are a highly conserved family of proteins found in all organisms from yeast to mammals . all are orthologues of the yeast protein , silent information regulator 2 ( sir2 ) and their primary targets are acetylated lysines of various peptides and proteins , including histones . along with sequence homology ...
the sirtuins are a family of orthologues of yeast sir2 found in a wide range of organisms from bacteria to man . they display a high degree of conservation between species , in both sequence and function , indicative of their key biochemical roles . sirtuins are heavily implicated in cell cycle , cell division , tr...
pars planitis is a subset of intermediate uveitis characterized by the formation of snowbank or snowball in the absence of an associated infection or systemic disease . in patients with pars planitis , the spectrum varies between asymptomatic patients at one end and the presence of progressive inflammation that leads...
purpose . to evaluate the surgical outcome of scleral buckling ( sb ) in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment ( rrd ) patients associated with pars planitis . methods . retrospective review of rrd patients ( 32 eyes of pars planitis rrd and 180 eyes of primary rrd ) who underwent sb . we compared primary and final a...
ochratoxin a ( ota ) is a mycotoxin produced by several food - borne species of aspergillus and penicillium fungi . ota occurs in various food materials and therefore humans are continuously exposed to relatively small amounts of it . because of its wide occurrence and consequent exposure , together with a potent car...
the in vitro and in vivo evidence compatible with a role for oxidative stress in ota carcinogenicity has been collected and described . several potential oxido - reduction mechanisms have been identified in the past . more recently , the possibility of a reduction of cellular antioxidant defense has been raised as ...
acquired perforating collagenosis ( apc ) is known to be a really difficult disease to treat . this fact complicates the development of an effective therapy . to date , several treatments have been used , including corticosteroids , retinoids , antihistamines , antibiotics , allopurinol and phototherapy , with variab...
acquired perforating collagenosis ( apc ) is a rare perforating dermatosis characterized by transepidermal collagen elimination . we describe a 65-year - old patient , with long - standing type 2 diabetes mellitus and a 2-year history of itchy hyperkeratotic nodules situated on the back , who was subsequently diagnos...
research publications are effectively the currency of scientific work . they represent the public cumulative record of science , documenting empirical results and providing a forum for theorizing , debate , and the gradual advance of scientific knowledge . although publications are not the end point of scientific res...
introductiona pilot study by 6 clinical and translational science awards ( ctsas ) explored how bibliometrics can be used to assess research influence.methodsevaluators from 6 institutions shared data on publications ( 4202 total ) they supported , and conducted a combined analysis with state - of - the - art tools . ...
rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) is a chronic systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease that is characterized by synovial inflammation and cartilage and bone destruction . interleukin- ( il- ) 6 is implicated in ra pathogenesis [ 2 , 3 ] . after binding to the il-6 receptor ( il-6r ) , il-6 mediates a systemic inflammato...
t helper 17-related cytokines have been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) pathogenesis . the study aimed to identify cytokines associated with the treatment response of ra patients to tocilizumab ( tcz ) , a humanized monoclonal antibody against the interleukin- ( il- ) 6 receptor . as an independent substudy...
nationwide mammography screening ( nms ) is the most successful method for the early detection of breast cancer . there exist differing opinions concerning the details of an ideal nms programme , with a body of opinion arguing that it should involve women over the age of 40 attending an annual mammography examina...
in nationwide mammography screening , thousands of mammography examinations must be processed . each consists of two standard views of each breast , and each mammogram must be visually examined by an experienced radiologist to assess it for any anomalies . the ability to detect an anomaly in mammographic texture is...
we trapped mammals at 7 sites along a forest - to - urban gradient in maryland and washington , dc , usa , from early june to late september 2005 and in april 2006 . the sites included 1 forested area ( smithsonian environmental research center , edgewater , md ) , 2 large wooded parks ( rock creek park , rockville ,...
we examined west nile virus ( wnv ) seroprevalence in wild mammals along a forest - to - urban gradient in the us mid - atlantic region . wnv antibody prevalence increased with age , urbanization , and date of capture for juveniles and varied significantly between species . these findings suggest several requiremen...
known human influenza dates back to the 12th century , but most lessons about its epidemiology have been learned from the three welldocumented pandemics of the 20th century that occurred during 19181919 , 19571958 , and 19681969 . influenza pandemics occur when a novel influenza virus emerges because of an antigenic ...
please cite this paper as : mohamed et al . ( 2011 ) communicability of h1n1 and seasonal influenza among household contacts of cases in large families . influenza and other respiratory viruses 6(3 ) , e25e29 . background quantitative knowledge of the transmissibility of influenza is crucial to its prevention ...
sweet s syndrome is an acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis typically characterized by the sudden onset of pyrexia , increased number or percent of neutrophils , and painful red skin lesions that consist of a diffuse dermal infiltrate of neutrophils ; in addition , the symptoms and lesions promptly respond to systemic...
background : sweet s syndrome , also referred to as acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis , can either occur as an idiopathic disorder or associated with another condition , including cancer , or induced by exposure to a drug . proton pump inhibitors selectively inhibit gastric parietal cell h+-k+-adenosine triphosph...
lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women and one of the leading causes of death worldwide . non small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) represents ~80% of all types of lung cancer . most patients present with locally advanced ( stage iii ) or metastatic ( stage iv ) cancer [ 2 , 3 ] . despite...
standard treatments for nonsmall cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) , such as surgery , chemotherapy , and radiotherapy , often lead to disappointing results . unfortunately , also the various immunotherapeutic approaches so far tested have not produced satisfactory results to be widely applied in the clinical practice . h...
in accordance with the who definition of health and its conceptualization of health and disability ( international classification of functioning , disease , and health ) [ 1 , 2 ] , this article examines the alarming discord between the epidemiology of hypertension , type 2 diabetes mellitus , and obesity and the low p...
in accordance with the who definition of health , this article examines the alarming discord between the epidemiology of hypertension , type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) , and obesity and the low profile of noninvasive ( nondrug ) compared with invasive ( drug ) interventions with respect to their prevention , reversa...
osteonecrosis of the hip , previously named avascular necrosis , is a naturally progressive disease typically affecting young individuals ( the mean age approximately 35 years old ) ( 1 ) . it occurs when blood supply to the femoral head is disrupted , resulting in infarction and avascular necrosis of bone . severa...
purpose of the study : osteonecrosis of the hip mostly affects young individuals and often progresses to a debilitating disease . several treatment modalities exist , but none are completely satisfactory . this study evaluates the clinical outcome of patients treated with core decompression and insertion of a porou...
changes in body composition can very often cause chronic diseases , and as a result have become a primary concern.1 lean body mass ( lbm ) and fat mass ( fm ) are body composition states that change continuously and are closely related to the aging process when compared with other factors.2,3 moreover , a strong link h...
backgroundthe purpose of this study was to examine the differences in anthropometric measurements using an aerobic and pilates exercise program which lasted 24 weeks.methodthis was a clinical intervention study of 303 women over the age of 60 living in novi sad , serbia . changes in body mass index and skinfold thick...
the concept of tactile agnosia refers to patients who are unable to recognize objects in one modality in the presence of relatively intact sensory functions and adequate cognition . compared with visual agnosia , relatively few reports of tactile agnosia have been described in the literature . in 1895 , wernicke re...
a 54-year - old female showed amorphagnosia without ahylognosia and tactile agnosia 40 days after the onset of right cerebral infarction . her basic somatosensory functions were normal . the appreciation of substance qualities ( hylognosia ) was preserved , but the patient 's inability to recognize the size and sha...
dental plaque is a film of microorganisms on the tooth surface that plays an important role in the development of caries and periodontal diseases [ 13 ] . corrective treatment for such infectious diseases requires the reduction and/or elimination of bacterial accumulations in the retentive sites on the top of the tee...
silibinin is a composition of the silymarin group as a hepatoprotective agent , and it exhibits various biological activities , including antibacterial activity . in this study , the antibacterial activities of silibinin were investigated in combination with two antimicrobial agents against oral bacteria . silibinin ...
many , if not all , cellular processes are driven by multiprotein complexes . in the nucleus , control of gene expression is achieved through assembly of such molecular machines on genomic loci in a highly controlled manner . these complexes contain combinations of regulators such as transcription factors ( tfs ) , c...
summarycell fate is governed by combinatorial actions of transcriptional regulators assembling into multiprotein complexes . however , the molecular details of how these complexes form are poorly understood . one such complex , which contains the basic - helix - loop - helix heterodimer scl : e47 and bridging prote...
twenty - four sd rat ( 6 to 8 weeks old , 150 to 200 g ) were procured from orient bio ( seongnam , korea ) and were accommodated under specific pathogen - free conditions . all trials were performed in compliance with the association for research in vision and ophthalmology statement for the use of animals in ophtha...
purposeischemia - reperfusion injury ( i / r injury ) is known not only to induce hypoxic and oxidative stress , but also to cause retinal degeneration in rats . crystallins , known to inhibit the formation of reactive oxygen species , reduce apoptotic cell death . our goal was to clarify not only the role of i / r i...
multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system . postural imbalance is often described as one of the initial symptoms of ms [ 25 ] . it is one of the most disabling ms symptoms that affects about 75% of patients during the course of the disease [ 6 , 7 ]...
purpose . the aim of the study was to investigate differences in balance control between individuals with multiple sclerosis ( ms ) and healthy control subjects using clinical scales and instrumented measures of balance and determine relationships between balance measures , fatigue , and disability levels in individu...
although conception is discouraged in woman with eisenmenger 's syndrome , as maternal mortality is 30%-50% ; but in inevitable circumstances , meticulous planning of anesthesia can help the parturient survive the ordeal of a cesarean section . a 27-year - old pregnant female , 50 kg ( gravida three para one ) was ad...
we describe a case of a pregnant patient with a large ventricular septal defect ( vsd ) and pulmonary artery hypertension , presented to the hospital and underwent elective cesarean section under epidural anesthesia and postoperative analgesia . the procedure was uneventful till the patient was discharged on 10th day...
the observation that g - rich dna can form a myriad of secondary structures was made in the 1960s , however , it was not until the late 1980s that three seminal papers described the in vitro formation of g - quadruplexes [ 13 ] . certain g - rich sequences can fold into secondary structures composed of planar g - qua...
replication protein a ( rpa ) plays an essential role in dna replication by binding and unfolding non - canonical single - stranded dna ( ssdna ) structures . of the six rpa ssdna binding domains ( labeled a - f ) , rpa - cde selectively binds a g - quadruplex forming sequence ( 5-taggggaagggttggagtgggtt-3 called gq2...
cataract is defined as an opacity of the lens or its capsule and is the most common cause of preventable blindness worldwide . a variety of systemic drugs such as corticosteroids , amiodarone , and antipsychotics have been implicated in the causation of cataract . ocular adverse effects in schizophrenic patients ar...
a variety of systemic drugs including corticosteroids , amiodarone and antipsychotics have been known to cause cataract formation . typical antipsychotics such as chlorpromazine have been reported to cause cataract formation in varying rates ranging from 22% to 80% . cataract as an adverse effect resulting from the...
childhood obesity is associated with a host of negative health outcomes resulting in a major public health concern for americans . it is well appreciated that environmental and behavioral factors contribute to childhood obesity with the immediate family having direct influences on its development . considerable e...
objective . the aim was to investigate the influence of feeding styles and food parenting practices on low - income children 's weight status over time . method . participants were 129 latina parents and their head start children participating in a longitudinal study . children were assessed at baseline ( 4 to 5 ye...
estradiol-17 ( e2 ) is essential for all aspects of reproductive function in females through activation of estrogen receptors ( ers ) . in the rat e2 the pituitary expresses both estrogen receptors , er and er , and it responds to both er specific and er specific agonists . phytoestrogens are plant - based estrogen...
we examined the response of rat female pituitary at different metabolic stages to treatments with estrogenic compounds and vitamin d analogs . immature or ovariectomized ( ovx ) female rats responded by increased creatine kinase specific activity ( ck ) to estradiol-17 ( e2 ) , genistein ( g ) , daidzein ( d ) , bioc...
several decades of research have shown that the altered transcriptional activity of cancer cells renders them sensitive to small - molecule inhibitors of chromatin regulatory proteins . this work culminated in the approval of the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat for the treatment of diffuse large b ...
chromatin modifying proteins are attractive drug targets in oncology , given the fundamental reliance of cancer on altered transcriptional activity . multiple transcription factors can be impacted downstream of primary target inhibition , thus making it challenging to understand the driving mechanism of act...
after age of 40 , the lifetime risk of developing cvd is 49% for men and 32% for women . although advances in medical and surgical management of cvd have substantially reduced cardiac mortality rates in the united states ( us ) , individuals with cvd remain at increased risk for further cardiac events , including uns...
background . cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) is a major cause of increased morbidity and mortality globally . clinical practice guidelines recommend that individuals with cvd are routinely instructed to engage in self - care including diet restrictions , medication adherence , and symptom monitoring . objectives ....
the nucleotide sequence corresponding to nucleotides 1,1051,123 of mouse klf15 mrna ( nm_023184 ) was synthesized as complementary antiparallel oligomers with a loop sequence ( acgtgtgctgtccgt ) : 5-gtttgcggtaagatgtacatcaaacgtgtgctgtccgtttggtgtacatcttgctgcttttt-3 ( forward ) and 5-atgcaaaaagcagcaagatgtacaccaaacggacagca...
objectivean increase in the rate of gluconeogenesis is largely responsible for the hyperglycemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes , with the antidiabetes action of metformin being thought to be achieved at least in part through suppression of gluconeogenesis.research design and methodswe investigated whether the tra...
rinm5f cells were cultured at 37 c in humidified air containing 5% co2 in rpmi 1640 medium containing l - glutamine ( 2 mm ) , fetal calf serum ( 10% ) , hepes ( 1 mm ) , and 2-mercaptoethanol ( 50 m ) . cells were passaged every 34 days when confluent . pancreatic -cells were isolated from 3-week - ol...
ryanodine receptors ( ryr ) are ca2 + channels that mediate ca2 + release from intracellular stores in response to diverse intracellular signals . in rinm5f insulinoma cells , caffeine , and 4-chloro - m - cresol ( 4cmc ) , agonists of ryr , stimulated ca2 + entry that was independent of store - operated ...
serijska merenja natriuretskih peptida kod pacijenata sa akutnim koronarnim sindromom su pokazala da su njihove vrednosti u kasnijoj , hroninoj fazi bolji prediktor prognoze i pouzdaniji indikator funkcije leve komore nego one u akutnoj fazi . stoga je cilj ovog rada da se ustanove vrednosti nt - probnp - a 6 meseci ...
summarybackgroundsince serial analyses of nt - probnp in patients with acute coronary syndromes have shown that levels measured during a chronic , later phase are a better predictor of prognosis and indicator of left ventricular function than the levels measured during an acute phase , we sought to assess the associati...
climate change affects health through multiple pathways such as less clean air , less safe drinking water , availability of foods and extreme heat ( 1 ) . increasing global temperatures are expected to impact on yields of food crops and increase global food insecurity ( 2 ) , which could have a bigger impact on health(...
background / objectiveschool meals represent the largest sector in government food procurement in the uk . this paper aims to quantify , simultaneously , the nutritional quality and carbon footprint of meals provided by primary schools in england.methodsthe school food trust conducted the primary school food survey ...
cervical radiculopathy caused by a compressive lesion arising from degenerative spondylotic change tends to be surgically treated either by discectomy with or without interbody fusion via an anterior or posterior surgical approach . the initial surgical management was a posterior laminectomy or a smaller keyhole fora...
objectiveanterior cervical microforaminotomy ( acmf ) is a motion - preserving surgical procedure . the purpose of this study is to assess radiologic changes of operated and adjacent segments after acmf.methodswe retrospectively reviewed 52 patients who underwent acmf between 1998 and 2008 . from x - ray film - based...
obsessive compulsive disorder was once thought to be rare , but recent data estimate it to be the fourth most common psychiatric disorder with a lifetime prevalence of 2% to 3% . as per dsm - iv - tr , patients with ocd exhibit varying degrees of insight into the validity of their beliefs , including patients with p...
obsessive compulsive disorder ( ocd ) is a common disorder , but some of its atypical presentations are uncommon and difficult to diagnose . we report one such case which on initial presentation appeared to be psychotic protocol but after detailed workup was diagnosed as ocd with marked avoidance symptoms .
thiobases are a class of nucleobase analogues , molecules that are structurally similar to the canonical nucleobases found in dna . they differ from the canonical nucleobases only by the substitution of carbonyl oxygen atoms by sulfur atoms , and this chemical similarity makes the thiobases important nucleo...
the solvatochromic effects of six different solvents on the uv absorption spectrum of 2-thiocytosine have been studied by a combination of experimental and theoretical techniques . the steady - state absorption spectra show significant shifts of the absorption bands , where in more polar solvents the first ...
use of angiotensin receptor blockers ( arbs ) in the third trimester may cause renal failure in the neonate which may be irreversible if associated with renal tubular dysgenesis . this case report highlights the importance of educating the practitioners about appropriate use of drugs in pregnancy . a 7-day - old ma...
maternal use of drugs during pregnancy may cause irreversible renal failure in the newborn . this report highlights the adverse effect of telmisartan during the last trimester of pregnancy . the neonate presented with oliguric renal failure and the renal histology showed proximal tubular dysgenesis .
diets rich in saturated dietary lipids are associated with increased white adipose tissue ( wat ) inflammation and metabolic disease ( kennedy et al . , 2009 ) , whereas diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids have been shown to counteract inflammation and promote a lean and metabolically healthy phenotype ( buckle...
summarydietary lipids may influence the abundance of circulating inflammatory microbial factors . hence , inflammation in white adipose tissue ( wat ) induced by dietary lipids may be partly dependent on their interaction with the gut microbiota . here , we show that mice fed lard for 11 weeks have increased toll - ...
major depressive disorder ( mdd ) is one of the most common and costly psychiatric disorders , which is characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness , anxiety , low self - esteem , and social behavior abnormalities . with this mental disorder , most of the mdd patients suffer more than one recurrence of depressive ...
background : most previous neuroimaging studies have focused on the structural and functional abnormalities of local brain regions in major depressive disorder ( mdd ) . moreover , the exactly topological organization of networks underlying mdd remains unclear . this study examined the aberrant global and regional to...
the primary form occurs in children and young adults . in the absence of other disorders , it commonly shows localized lesions of the face , head and neck that have a tendency to resolve within two months to two years . there are no clinical criteria to distinguish primary cases from cases associated with mycosis fun...
follicular mucinosis is an uncommon inflammatory disorder that characteristically presents as follicular papules and/or indurated plaques . the face , neck , and scalp are the most frequently affected sites , although lesions may occur on any site of the body . histologically , the disorder is characterized by muci...
overall the prognosis in patients with differentiated thyroid cancers ( dtc ) is good . with appropriate treatment , the majority of these patients get cured except in patients with metastasis where the prognosis is worse [ 2 , 3 ] . management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer involves total thyroidec...
background . about 90% of thyroid cancers are differentiated thyroid cancers . standard treatment is total thyroidectomy followed by radioactive i131remnant ablation and tsh suppression with thyroxine . unsuccessful ablation drastically affects the prognosis of patients with dtc particularly high risk individuals ;...
cervical dystonia , the most frequent adult focal dystonia , is a syndrome characterized by involuntary twisting movements of the head , leading ultimately to temporary or constant abnormal postures interfering with voluntary movement [ 1 , 2 ] . despite over a century of research since its first description in the lit...
traditionally , the pathophysiology of cervical dystonia has been regarded mainly in relation to neurochemical abnormities in the basal ganglia . recently , however , substantial evidence has emerged for cerebellar involvement . while the absence of neurological cerebellar signs in most dystonia patients may be con...
it has been well established that alcohol use or cigarette smoking or both are the most significant risk factors for the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas ( hnsccs ) . however , nearly every head and neck oncologist has come across patients , most of them young , with little or no tobacco or alcoh...
human papillomavirus ( hpv ) is detected in a subset of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma , most frequently in tumors in the waldeyer 's ring ( palatine tonsil and base of tongue ) . several studies suggest that patients with hpv - positive tumors have better survival with either concurrent chemorad...
valvular heart diseases ( vhd ) surround a number of common cardiovascular disorders that account for 15% of all cardiac surgical procedures in the world . one of the most important pathogeneses of coronary artery stenosis and vhd is inflammatory response of immune system . prevalence and incidence of cardiovascula...
background and objectives . valvular heart diseases are among the frequent causes of cardiac surgery . some patients have a well - known rheumatic condition . heart valves are fragile connective tissues which are vulnerable to any systemic autoimmune diseases . this study was designed to evaluate the frequency ...
a variety of implant systems have been developed and adopted over time , and several systems have been improved by the addition of distinctive features . each system has its own advantages and disadvantages . proper design , material , surface treatment , surgical method , host site and leading conditions1,2 have all...
purposethe purpose of this study was to compare removal torques and surface topography between laser treated and sandblasted , large - grit , acid - etched ( sla ) treated implants.materials and methodslaser - treated implants ( experimental group ) and sla - treated implants ( control group ) 8 mm in length and 3.4 mm...
this cross - sectional study included 49 patients with graves ' ophthalmopathy who were followed at the department of ophthalmology , yonsei university college of medicine between july 2008 and december 2008 ( referred to as the graves ' group ) . we excluded patients who were not biochemically euthyroid to eliminate...
purposeto assess quality of life and depressive status in korean patients with graves ' ophthalmopathy.methodsa cross - sectional study of 49 patients ( mean age , 41 years ; sex ratio , m : f=11:38 ) with graves ' ophthalmopathy ( referred to as the graves ' group ) and 48 age - matched and sex - matched controls ( me...
a descriptive cross - sectional survey of the entire dental and medical undergraduate students from two colleges of raichur was carried out . this well - structured , questionnaire elicited information on demographic characteristics , hiv / aids knowledge , source of information , interpersonal communication concerni...
background and objectives : human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) is a major public health challenge . unjustified calls for the isolation of patients with hiv infection might further constrain the potential for expansion of clinical services to deal with a greater number of such patients . this infectious illness c...
when gels and emulsions are used in a combined form the dosage forms are referred to as emulgels [ 1 , 2 ] . as the name suggests they are the combination of emulsion / microemulsion and gel . in recent years , there has been great interest in the use of novel polymers with complex functions as emulsifiers and thicke...
the purpose of the present study was to develop and optimize the emulgel system for mtz ( metronidazole ) , a poorly water soluble drug . the pseudoternary phase diagrams were developed for various microemulsion formulations composed of capmul 908 p , acconon mc8 - 2 , and propylene glycol . the emulgel was optimiz...
novel spectral - domain optical coherence tomography ( sd - oct ) findings in posterior microphthalmos ( pm ) include cystoid changes in the papillomacular fold ( pmf ) . these changes may be misdiagnosed as cystoid macular edema ( cme ) and may trigger unnecessary treatment including intravitreal injections . we r...
purposenovel spectral - domain optical coherence tomography ( sd - oct ) findings in posterior microphthalmos ( pm ) include cystoid changes in the papillomacular fold ( pmf ) . these changes may be misdiagnosed as cystoid macular edema ( cme ) and may trigger unnecessary treatment including intravitreal injections ....
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease ( adpkd ) is characterized by progressive cyst formation in the kidneys leading to massive kidney enlargement . over time renal cysts may rupture leading to hematuria and pain . a pyogenic infection may also be located in these cysts . adpkd patients with chronic pain re...
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease ( adpkd ) is the most common hereditary kidney disease . it is characterized by progressive cyst formation in both kidneys , often leading to end - stage kidney disease . indications for surgical removal of an adpkd kidney include intractable pain , hematuria , infection...
chronic pain is among the many conditions that have recently been associated with vitamin d deficiency . a number of studies have suggested a link between low levels of vitamin d and higher incidence of chronic pain [ 24 ] . furthermore , indirect evidence that vitamin d levels are important in pain is provided by ...
vitamin d deficiency has been implicated in chronic pain . immigrant and ethnic minority populations have been shown to have lower vitamin d levels than native western populations and often to be vitamin d deficient . ...
monoamniotic twinning is a rare complication , occurring in less than 1% of monozygosity and is associated with a significant mortality rate [ 1 , 2 ] . the most common cause of perinatal mortality in monoamniotic twins has been reported to be cord entanglement [ 1 , 2 ] . cord entanglement has been reported in up ...
we retrospectively evaluated a series of 18 monoamniotic and 7 pseudomonoamniotic ( secondary to rupture in the membrane dividing monochorionic diamniotic twins ) twin gestations managed after 20 weeks ' gestation . there were no significant differences in the incidence of neonatal death or umbilical cord entanglemen...
diabetes is the most prevalent metabolic disease with a growing spread rate in word wide . diabetes comes along with diverse disorders in glucose protein and lipid metabolism , and chronic blood sugar increase results in different organisms breakdown , malfunction , and insufficiencies . diabetes is the cause of a...
background : diabetes is the most prevalent metabolic disease with a growing spread rate in word wide . short message service ( sms ) is of the most common public communication networks , which have brought about a broad spectrum of applications like social , cultural and service products in the late decade . the obj...
a 46-year - old male patient complained of severe ankle and foot pain , although he had undergone right above - the - knee ( ak ) amputation surgery due to severe infection three years earlier . the patient 's initial visual analogue scale ( vas ) score in the pain clinic was 9/10 ( 0 is no pain , 10 is the most seve...
phantom limb pain is a phenomenon in which patients experience pain in a part of the body that no longer exists . in several treatment modalities , spinal cord stimulation ( scs ) has been introduced for the management of intractable post - amputation pain . a 46-year - old male patient complained of severe ankle a...
the niti archwires are widely employed in orthodontics because they present shape memory effect and superelasticity combined to good mechanical properties . the shape memory resulting from the pseudoelastic effect ( superelasticity ) and thermoelastic effect is the main characteristic of these archwires and is cl...
objectives the shape memory resulting from the superelasticity and thermoelastic effect is the main characteristic of thermally activated niti archwires and is closely related to the transition temperature range ( ttr ) . the aim of this study was to evaluate the ttr of thermally activated niti archwires commer...
information processing within the brain critically depends on rhythmic oscillatory activity that synchronizes neuronal networks . synchronization leads to local and global coupling of network elements and times neuronal firing . by these means , it enables the precise selection of relevant information . depending o...
spindle oscillations have been described during early brain development and in the adult brain . besides similarities in temporal patterns and involved brain areas , neonatal spindle bursts ( nsbs ) and adult sleep spindles ( asss ) show differences in their occurrence , spatial distribution , and underlying mechanis...
a 42-year - old costa rican female previously diagnosed with left eye autoimmune panuveitis presented with redness , pain and decreased vision to the bascom palmer eye institute ( bpei ) . after failing to respond to a course of oral prednisolone therapy , the patient received ivta in the left eye in costa rica , 2 mon...
we report two cases of fulminant toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis following intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide ( ivta ) administration . case 1 : a 42-year - old female received ivta for presumed non - infectious panuveitis . within 2 months , she developed diffuse macular retinochoroiditis with optic disc edema . upo...
proteus sp . is a gram - negative , facultatively anaerobic , rod - shaped bacterium . its main pathological role is in infections of the urinary tract , but it can also cause wound infections and septicemia . it is widely distributed in soil and water . genomic dna was extracted from pure culture of bacterial s...
we report draft genome sequence of proteus sp . strain sas71 , isolated from water spring in aljouf region , saudi arabia . the draft genome size is 3,037,704 bp with a g + c content of 39.3% and contains 6 rrna sequence ( single copies of 5s , 16s & 23s rrna ) . the genome sequence can be accessed at ddbj / e...
one of the often seen consequences of the aging process is the development of senile cataract , a disease that affects one of our most precious gifts , that of sight . this so - called senile cataract usually occurs in those over 45 years of age . approximately 75 percent of population over 75 suffer from lens opac...
many factors such as aging , changes in blood electrolytes levels , and possibly family history are involved in senile cataract formation . changes in serum electrolytes levels can induce changes in aqueous electrolytes levels and effect on lens metabolism and probably cataract formation . in this paper , we study se...
one of the main concerns regarding fissure sealants is weakening of the bond of this material that may lead to secondary caries . as fissure sealants consist of a resin matrix , polymerization shrinkage may lead to weakening of the bond , resulting in microleakage that increases with time and leads to secondary bacte...
objective : the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties ( flexural strength , micro - shear bond strength ) and remineralizing potential of fissure sealants by adding various concentrations of -tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles.materials and methods : this in - vitro study consisted of five expe...
fine needle aspiration cytology ( fnac ) of enlarged lymph nodes is a useful screening test . studies in the past have shown metastatic malignancy to be a major cause of enlargement of supraclavicular lymph nodes . in this study , we have attempted to analyze the pattern of presentation of supraclavicular lymphadenop...
aims : this study was taken up with the aim to investigate the pattern of supraclavicular lymphadenopathy among patients presenting to our tertiary care institution , evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of fine needle aspiration cytology ( fnac ) , and analyze the diagnostic pitfalls.materials and methods : a total of 215...
patients ' quality of life ( qol ) and satisfaction assessment are becoming increasingly important in health care delivery [ 1 , 2 ] . there is evidence that better qol and patient satisfaction might be associated with better medical outcome including reduced hospitalization and reduced mortality . recently...
aim . to assess the degree of satisfaction among hemodialysis patients and the factors influencing this satisfaction . methods . patients were recruited from 3 saudi dialysis centers . demographic data was collected . using 1 to 10 likert scale , the patients were asked to rate the overall satisfaction with ...
rapid progression , familial aggregation , non - contributory medical history , rarity , severity and early age of onset of clinical manifestations are among the main characteristics of aggressive periodontitis . this destructive periodontal disease results in severe bone loss , tooth loosening and eventual tooth los...
objectives : the aim of this study was to determine the cementum thickness in the first molars of patients with localized aggressive periodontitis ( lap ) compared to healthy individuals.materials and methods : this case - control study compared eight first molar teeth affected by lap with eight third molar teeth of he...
endobronchial ultrasound - guided transbronchial needle aspiration ( ebus - tbna ) is a minimally invasive and safe technique that enables accurate diagnosis in various mediastinal lesions ( masses / lymph nodes ) . indications of ebus - tbna have gradually expanded with use being reported for other indications such ...
endobronchial ultrasound - guided transbronchial needle aspiration ( ebus - tbna ) is a minimally invasive and safe technique for a sampling of mediastinal lesions . indications for ebus - tbna have gradually expanded since its introduction . the usual approach to cytological sampling of the thyroid gland is percut...
a forty - nine - year - old woman was admitted to our orthopedic department for pain in the left knee that had lasted for two weeks . the patient 's medical history revealed that she had been admitted to another hospital for pain in the right shoulder five months ago . during admission to another hospital arthrosco...
we present a case of adult onset still 's disease ( aosd ) that was misdiagnosed as septic arthritis of the shoulder and knee . a forty - nine - year - old woman was admitted for pain in the left knee . the patient 's medical history showed that she had undergone arthroscopic irrigation twice and an open debridemen...
abundant graft materials are used nowadays for the purpose of reducing the signs and symptoms of postoperative phase after surgical extraction and promote soft tissue healing and bone regeneration . among the several materials used to repair bone defects , autologous graft however , the use of platelet - rich plasma ...
aim : the purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of platelet - rich plasma ( prp ) , platelet - rich fibrin ( prf ) , and hydroxyapatite ( ha ) for reduction of pain and swelling , absence of dry socket , soft tissue healing , and bone regeneration after mandibular third molar extraction in human patients.ma...
copd is characterized by a progressive decline in lung function and mental and physical comorbidities ( eg , depression , dystrophy , and heart failure).1 an exacerbation of copd is an acute event caused by several factors . to those patients who need ventilator support because of lung infection the clinician s conce...
copd is characterized by a progressive decline in lung function and mental and physical comorbidities . it is a significant burden worldwide due to its growing prevalence , comorbidities , and mortality . complication by bronchial - pulmonary infection causes 50%90% of acute exacerbations of copd ( aecopd ) , which m...
pruritus , or itch , is defined as a displeasing feeling that irritates the desire to scrape . certain systemic diseases known to cause pruritus include renal , cholestatic , hematologic , endocrine , and malignancy disorders . uremic pruritus ( up ) is a common and upsetting problem of chronic kidney disease speci...
background . although uremic pruritus is a common and upsetting problem of chronic kidney disease , there is no approved treatment for it . this study was undertaken to find the efficiency of sertraline as a possible treatment for uremic pruritus . methods . 19 esrd patients under hemodialysis with severe chron...
the bond quality of the restorative material to the tooth substance is one of the factors that determine the longevity and clinical performance of dental restorations . weakly bonded tooth - restoration interfaces are more prone to the effects of the masticatory forces and oral thermal stress in the short and long te...
objectivesthe objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal sealing ability of an ormocer in comparison with a hybrid composite when using thermocycling and load cycling procedures together in the study design.methodsmodified proximal class ii cavities were prepared on the mesial and distal surfaces of ...
in conventional management of grave disease ( gd ) , there are three major options : antithyroid drugs , radioactive iodine ( rai ) therapy , and thyroidectomy ( 1 ) . according to the guidelines of the american thyroid association and the american association of clinical endocrinologists , any one of these modali...
therapeutic plasma exchange ( tpe ) is one possible treatment for patients resistant to conventional antithyroid drugs or requiring urgent attention for thyrotoxicosis . we report a 35-yr - old man with thyrotoxicosis , ultimately attributed to graves ' disease in whom antithyroid drug used initially was soon discont...
chronic venous disease ( cvd ) is one of the most prevalent medical problems in the adult population of western european countries and usa with a significant impact on afflicted patients and on the healthcare system . dysfunction of any of the normal structures of the venous system may lead to venous hypertension and...
the expression of proinflammatory cytokines / chemokines has been reported in in vitro / ex vivo settings of chronic venous insufficiency ( cvi ) , but the identification of circulating mediators that might be associated with altered hemodynamic forces or might represent innovative biomarkers is still missing . in this...
the pulmonary vein ( pv ) has been the main target for catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation ( af ) ever since it was identified as the major trigger for af.1)2 ) different techniques that target the pv include direct trigger ablation,3 ) segmental ostial pv isolation4 - 6 ) and circumferential pv isol...
background and objectiveswe aimed to investigate whether a large - sized lasso catheter could increase the success rate of immediate complete pulmonary vein ( pv ) antral isolation and improve the outcome of catheter ablation in atrial fibrillation ( af ) patients.subjects and methodsthis study included 107 consecutive...
since the genetics and cell biology of higher eukaryotes are extremely complex , scientists looking for a good model have turned to the use of yeast as a simpler system for the study of various pathologies including virus proliferation and assay new drugs against these pathogenic agents . the yeast saccharomyces cere...
despite being simple eukaryotic organisms , the yeasts saccharomyces cerevisiae and schizosaccharomyces pombe have been widely used as a model to study human pathologies and the replication of human , animal , and plant viruses , as well as the function of individual viral proteins . the complete genome of s. cerevis...
we report a case of periprosthetic fracture of a 57-year - old male patient with bmhr . the patient , having previously had a left total hip replacement for osteoarthritis , subsequently underwent right hip bmhr for osteoarthritis ( fig . the surgery was uneventful and notching had not been noted at the time of sur...
total hip arthroplasty in the young leads to difficult choices in implant selection . until recently bone conserving options were not available for younger patients with deficient femoral head bone stock . the novel birmingham mid - head resection ( bmhr ) device offers the option of bone conserving arthroplasty in...
biological effects of electromagnetic millimeter waves were observed in many experiments on various biological objects , starting from the bacteria to the whole human body as well as model systems in general . it was repeatedly noted that the nature of the microwaves on biological objects is different from the conventi...
temperature sensitivity of the fluorescence intensity of the organic dyes solutions was used for noncontact measurement of the electromagnetic millimeter wave absorption in water . by using two different dyes with opposite temperature effects , local temperature increase in the capillary that is placed inside a rectang...
pituitary adenomas are common intracranial lesions ; autopsy and radiographic studies find a prevalence of 17%.1 prolactinomas are the most common form of endocrinologically active pituitary adenoma ; they account for 45% of pituitary adenomas encountered in clinical practice.2 prolactinomas are most often microadeno...
prolactinomas are the most common form of endocrinologically active pituitary adenoma ; they account for 45% of pituitary adenomas encountered in clinical practice . giant adenomas are those > 4 cm in diameter . less than 0.5% of pituitary adenomas encountered in neurosurgical practice are giant prolactinomas . ...
a 48-year - old man presented with right knee pain that had been ongoing for 10 years prior and had not been the result of trauma ; he presented with difficulty in full extension or squatting . the patient had received conservative treatment that included medication with non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs from...
unlike meniscal tears and chondral defects , the mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament ( acl ) is a rare cause of knee pain and there have been no case reports of mucoid degeneration of both the acl and the posterior cruciate ligament ( pcl ) . a 48-year - old - male patient presented with knee pain and...
spinal deformity surgery has the potential for massive blood loss15,19 ) . especially during long level lumbar or thoracic instrumented fusion with or without osteotomy , blood loss may be substantial and transfusion is required in most cases 11,12 ) . extensive blood loss can lead to massive blood transfusions , p...
objectivespinal deformity surgery has the potential risk of massive blood loss . to reduce surgical bleeding , the use of tranexamic acid ( txa ) became popular in spinal surgery , recently . the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of intra - operative txa use to reduce surgical bleeding and tr...
the sleeve gastrectomy ( sg ) is the first part of the duodenal switch operation and leaves a lesser curvature tube after excising the fundus and greater curvature portion of the stomach . this surgery has become more and more popular as the first stage in the treatment of obesity [ 1 , 2 ] . minimally invasive sur...
objective . robot - assisted sleeve gastrectomy has the potential to treat patients with obesity and its comorbidities . to evaluate the learning curve for this procedure before undergoing roux en - y gastric bypass is the objective of this paper . materials and methods . robot - assisted sleeve gastrectomy was...
sca is a heterogeneous monogenic disease due to a single mutation a / t at the sixth codon of the -globin gene ( s ) . the clinical complications arising from sickle cell disease include vasoo - cclusive crisis and its outcomes . as a result of chronic hemolysis , hyperbilirubinemia is often observed leading to the f...
aim . to determine the implication of the polymorphism , namely , a(ta)ntaa of ugt1a1 in lithogenesis for the first time in tunisia among sickle cell anemia ( sca ) children patients . material and methods . our study was performed in 2010 and it involved 76 subjects chosen as control group characterized with norma...
struma ovarii ( so ) is a rare form of germ cell derived ovarian tumor , which is defined by the presence of thyroid tissue comprising more than 50% of the overall tumor volume . the vast majority of the variants of so are benign ( 95% ) ; however , malignant tumors have been reported in a small percentage of cases ....
struma ovarii ( so ) is a rare form of ovarian tumor , which is defined by the presence of thyroid tissue comprising more than 50% of the overall tumor volume . the vast majority of the variants of so are benign ; however , malignant tumors have been reported in a small percentage of cases . an aggressive multimoda...
cytokinins are classic plant hormones that orchestrate growth , development and the integrity of stem cell populations . cytokinin receptors are eukaryotic sensor histidine kinases that are activated both by naturally occurring adenine - type cytokinins and by urea - based synthetic compounds . crystal structures o...
our modern world is constantly facing with the challenges of the outbreak of infectious diseases , traffic accidents , food poisoning , war , terrorist attacks and many other natural or non - natural disasters such as earthquake , landslide and flood , etc . to minimize the damage and the suffering the disasters might ...
abstractbackgroundit is widely accepted in many parts of the world thatcommunity nurses are of vital importance in various phases of disaster response and management . in china , however , it is not clear whether the chinese community nurses are able to assume disaster - related duties due to the lack of a systematic a...
the ultimate goal of surgery has always been providing the best and most effective procedure with the least amount of postoperative complications , and pain and the best possible aesthetic results . the first reported elective cholecystectomy was carried out by langenbuch in 1882 and open cholecystectomy became the...
the current standard - of - care for treatment of cholecystectomy is the four port laparoscopic approach . the development of single incision / laparoendoscopic single site surgery ( silc / less ) has now led to the development of new techniques for removal of the gallbladder . the use of silc / less is now current...