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in recent years , ischemic heart disease has become a major cause of death and disability .
the evaluation of these experimental approaches requires a direct and specific method that can detect primary changes resulting from pathology . however , there are few diagnostic agents that are truly tissue specific , and ma... | the myocardial uptake of in-111 antimyosin fab and tc-99 m pyrophosphate was studied in dogs undergoing coronary artery occlusion for 90 minutes followed by reperfusion .
the regional myocardial blood flow was determined by injecting sc-46 labeled microsphere and was related to the relative concentrations of in-111 a... |
in the majority of human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) infection patients , the disease has become chronic requiring that greater attention be paid to disease prevention strategies .
metabolic abnormalities are often common among these hiv patients , and include dyslipidemia , diabetes , insulin resistance , altered... | introduction : metabolic abnormalities are often common among human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) patients .
the atherogenic index of plasma ( aip ) is increasingly being used as a screening tool for dyslipidemia as it predicts the presence of small , dense , and highly atherogenic low density lipoprotein ( ldl ) an... |
myeloid sarcoma ( previously known as granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma ) is an uncommon extramedullary tumor composed of dense aggregates of immature myeloid precursor cells .
infiltrations of any site of the body by myeloid precursor cells in leukemic patients are not classified as myeloid sarcoma unless they presen... | abstractthe purpose of this report is to present a case of myeloid sarcoma of the gingiva with myelodysplastic syndrome.a 52-year - old male diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome with skin lesions presented with gingival swelling and gingival redness involving the maxillary left second premolar and the maxillary left... |
a 59-year - old woman was diagnosed in may 1986 as suffering from stage iva nodular sclerosis hodgkin 's disease ( hd ) with liver and spleen involvement .
she received mantel - like radiotherapy including submental , cervical , supra- and infraclavicular , axillary , hilar , and mediastinal lymph nodes . in october ... | hodgkin 's disease is , in general , a lymph node - based disease .
it usually starts in an area within the lymphatic system and spreads , in an orderly manner , along the lymphatic chain to contiguous lymph node areas .
there have been sporadic case reports of acute liver failure caused by hematological malignanci... |
novel
nanomaterials have been used to support and accelerate wound healing , repair damage caused
by myocardial infarction , and improve bone and cartilage growth after injury .
this type of tissue
engineering centers on the concept that natural or synthetic material can be used as a
scaffold on which cells c... | gene editing is a process by which single base mutations can be corrected , in the context
of the chromosome , using single - stranded oligodeoxynucleotides ( ssodns ) .
the survival and
proliferation of the corrected cells bearing modified genes , however , are impeded by a
phenomenon known as reduced prolifer... |
this disease is considered as an important infectious disease in surveillance program . in the past , the disease usually occurred in the pediatric population .
however , due to the improved sanitation in this day , the epidemiology of disease changes and the disease hits the higher aged group . in tropical country ,... | chicken pox is a common viral infection presenting with fever and discrete vesicular lesions .
this infection can be widely detected in developing countries , especially for those tropical countries .
the pregnant can get chicken pox , and this becomes an important obstetrical concern . in this specific paper , the... |
gender matters in the health of long - term opioid users ( gema ) was a cross - sectional study with qualitative and quantitative methods conducted between december 2011 and june 2013 .
the study tested gender - specific patterns of drug use , victimization , health , and access to care among long - term opioid - dep... | objectives : to identify factors associated with opioid agonist treatment ( oat ) satisfaction and to determine whether these relationships are gender specific.methods:this study was based on data collected in a cross - sectional study among long - term opioid - dependent individuals ( n = 160 ; 46.3% women ) . parti... |
opioid pain medications are among the most prescribed drugs in the united states ( us ) . in the past few decades , recent trends in increases in narcotic abuse overshadow successes in improved awareness and management of pain .
clinicians , administrators , and policymakers now face the consequential task of prevent... | objective . to identify factors associated with opioid use during pregnancy and to compare perinatal morbidity , mortality , and healthcare costs between opioid users and nonusers
. methods .
we conducted a cross - sectional analysis of pregnancy - related discharges from 1998 to 2009 using the largest publicly ava... |
the effect of the cyp3a5 genotype on tac bioavailability has been demonstrated by several laboratories .
the main determinant of this pharmacogenetic effect is a single - nucleotide polymorphism ( snp ) in intron 3 of cyp3a5 ( 6986 a > g ; snp rs776746 ) , also known as cyp3a5 * 3 ( for a complete list of the cyp var... | tacrolimus ( tac ) exhibits an interindividual pharmacokinetic variability that affects the dose required to reach the target concentration in blood .
tac is metabolized by two enzymes of the cytochrome p450 family , cyp3a5 and cyp3a4 .
the effect of the cyp3a5 genotype on tac bioavailability has been demonstrated ... |
following the landmark discovery of the structure of dna in 1953 , much of biological research shifted from an organismal to a molecular perspective . in the past few decades
, a great deal has been learned about the role played by macromolecules not only dna , but also rna and proteins in biological systems .
co... | chemical signaling via the production of small molecules such as hormones has been studied in detail in higher organisms .
these molecules have important functions in maintaining physiological homeostasis as well as allowing organisms to respond to external insults .
virtually every living cell produces hormone - l... |
dentigerous cyst , a form of odontogenic cyst , develops by the accumulation of fluid within the follicular space of an unerupted tooth after its crown has fully formed .
the teeth most involved are in descending order of occurrence , the third molars , the canines , and the second premolars .
usually there are no ... | a dentigerous cyst or follicular cyst is a form of odontogenic cyst .
it is believed that it forms during the development of the tooth and is associated with pressure exerted by the crown of an unerupted ( or partially erupted ) tooth on the fluid within the follicular space .
typically , dentigerous cysts are pain... |
this was a prospective cross - sectional study in which aclf patients were recruited from 6 local public hospitals during the period from january 1 , 2005 to december 31 , 2014 .
the international classification of diseases the 10th edition ( icd-10 ) system has been adopted and the code for aclf is k72.005 .
demog... | background : acute - on - chronic liver failure ( aclf ) is a major cause of hepatic death in the world , but no population - based studies have evaluated the incidence of aclf . this study was conducted to determine the incidence and short - term outcomes of aclf in a region of eastern china.methods:in this prospectiv... |
type 2 diabetes is a disorder of metabolism which usually affects insulin secretion and insulin uptake , with an increase in gluconeogenesis [ 13 ] .
type 2 diabetes is by far the most common type of diabetes accounting for 85 to 95% of cases in developed nations and an even higher percentage in developing nations . ... | moringa oleifera ( mo ) is used for a number of therapeutic purposes .
this raises the question of safety and possible toxicity .
the objective of the study was to ascertain the safety and possible metabolic toxicity in comparison with metformin , a known drug associated with acidosis .
animals confirmed with dia... |
we have shown that diffusion barriers within the stalk of caulobacter cells prevent exchange of proteins between the stalk and cell body as well as between intra - stalk compartments ( fig .
notably , these barriers do not segregate specific sets of proteins ; rather , proteins present in the newly extruded stalk seg... | the gram - negative bacterium caulobacter crescentus forms a thin polar stalk , which mediates its attachment to solid surfaces .
whereas stalks remain short ( 1 m ) in nutrient - rich conditions , they lengthen dramatically ( up to 30 m ) upon phosphate starvation .
a long - standing hypothesis is that the cauloba... |
laromustine ( also called 101 m , vnp40101 m ,
cloretazine , and onrigin ) ,
1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)-2-[(methylamino)carbonyl]hydrazine ) ,
ks119 ( 1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)-2-[[1-(4-nitrophenyl)ethoxy]carbonyl]hydrazine ) ,
and ks119w ( 1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl... | prodrugs of the short - lived chloroethylating
agent 1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)hydrazine
( 90ce ) and its methylating analogue 1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(methyl)hydrazine
( ks90 ) are potentially useful anticancer agents .
this class of agents
frequently yields higher ratios of therapeutically ... |
excessive accumulation of drugs and consequent drug - induced toxicity may arise from a defect in the ability to secrete drugs into the bile or urine .
various membrane transporters , including those of the atp - binding cassette ( abc ) family , are involved in these processes in the kidneys and liver .
one such t... | mrp2 encoded by abcc2 gene is involved in the secretion of numerous drugs and endogenous substrates .
patients with dubin - johnson syndrome due to mutation in abcc2 gene have elevated urinary coproporphyrin ratio ( ucp i/(i + iii ) ) .
here we investigated whether this ratio could serve as a biomarker of mrp2 func... |
adolescence is a fundamental period which steers future in a girl s life , and leaves a direct effect on her future family and children .
because of the dual role of girls in the health of community and future generations as being a girl now and a mother tomorrow ,
investment in providing health for this age group ... | abstractbackground : adolescence is a period of overwhelming changes and challenges , which expose the adolescents to high - risk behaviors .
risky sexual relationship is one of these behaviors that entails physical risks and psychosocial harms .
various factors have been recognized to shape sexual behaviors in ado... |
a new era has been opened with recent innovations that have pioneered the use of single - incision laparoscopic surgery ( sils ) or single port access ( spa ) .
this novel technique or approach may be placed between the pure notes surgery , the hybrid notes surgery , and the standard laparoscopic surgery [ 25 ] .
s... | introduction . laparoscopic appendectomy ( la ) has been performed in many approaches such as open , laparoscopic and recently single port access ( spaa ) . in order to elucidate its potential advantages , we compared the two laparoscopic approaches . methods .
87 patients were included in a multicentric study for su... |
today adolescents constitute a higher percentage of the population of iran than they did in the past .
major changes take place in social behavior , appearance and mental state of a person at the time of puberty , and many healthy habits and behaviors which significantly affect healthy behaviors in adulthood are form... | background : various studies show an association between lack of social skills in adolescents and the future incidence of behavioral disorders .
if girls , as future mothers , lack adequate health , awareness , self confidence and social skills , they may act as a source of many social problems . therefore , the pres... |
various strategies have been proposed for strengthening the connection between intervention research and clinical practice in psychotherapy , for example , publication of treatment manuals supported by randomized controlled trials ( rcts ) [ 1 , 2 ] .
although these strategies contribute to evidence - based practice ... | we examined clinicians ' and researchers ' experiences from participation in collaborative research on the introduction of internet and mobile information systems ( mhealth systems ) in psychotherapeutic routines .
the study used grounded theory methodology and was set in a collaboration that aimed to develop and eva... |
vitamin d plays an intrinsic role in shaping innate and adaptive immune responses [ 1 , 2 ] .
vitamin d is produced following skin exposure to ultraviolet b photons of sunlight , resulting in the conversion of the precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol into vitamin d3 , which can also be acquired through dietary supplementat... | skin inflammatory responses in individuals with allergic dermatitis may be suppressed by dietary vitamin d through induction and upregulation of the suppressive activity of regulatory t ( treg ) cells .
vitamin d may also promote treg cell tropism to dermal sites . in the current study
, we examined the capacity of... |
pure spinal epidural cavernous hemangiomas ( psechs ) are extremely rare4,7,10 ) . although cavernous hemangiomas appear frequently in the intracranial structures , they are rare in the spine1,2,3,6,10 ) .
about 80% of the cavernous hemangiomas are supratentorial , 15% infratentorial and only 5% are located in the sp... | although cavernous hemangiomas occur frequently in the intracranial structures , they are rare in the spine . most of spinal hemangiomas are vertebral origin and " pure " epidural hemangiomas not originating from the vertebral bone are very rare .
our spinal hemangioma case is extremely rare because of its " pure " e... |
a recent review demonstrates that up to 80% of prescriptions for children in hospital and in general practice are either unlicensed ( without a license for children ) or used off - label ( outside the product license ) .
of commercially available drugs in europe , only 35% are authorized for use in children .
altho... | most drugs that are currently prescribed in pediatrics have not been tested in children .
pediatric drug studies are stimulated in the usa by the pediatric exclusivity provision under the food and drug administration modernization act ( fdama ) that grants patent extensions when pediatric labeling is provided .
we ... |
recognition of the existence of the entity later described as thyroid - stimulating hormone ( tsh ) was first evident in the late 19th century . in the late 1960s and early 70s ,
academic immunoassays were developed and though initially cumbersome in use and somewhat insensitive , were quickly adopted as a diagnostic... | advances in assay technology have promoted thyrotropin ( tsh ) measurements from participation in a multi - analyte assessment of thyroid function to a statistically defined screening parameter in its own right .
while this approach has been successful in many ways , it has some grave limitations .
this includes th... |
fahr 's syndrome is a rare neurological disorder characterized by abnormal deposits of calcium in areas of the brain that control movement . through the radio - imaging ( computed tomography [ ct ] scans ) , calcifications are seen primarily in the basal ganglia and in other areas such as the cerebral cortex .
one de... | calcification of basal ganglia or fahr 's syndrome is a rare disease characterized by bilateral and symmetrical intracranial deposition of calcium mainly in cerebral basal ganglia .
motor and neuropsychiatric symptoms are prominent features .
we report a case presented with a few motor symptoms , features of deliri... |
the genus citrobacter is a member of the enterobacteriaceae family and ubiquitous in soil , sewage and water .
this group of bacteria can also colonize human and animal gastrointestinal tract ( 1 ) .
several species of citrobacter have been identified and a few of them , including citrobacter freundii , have been r... | background and objectives : citrobacter freundii is an opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections and resistant to various antibiotics .
we aimed to determine the clonal relationship of c. freundii isolates using pulsed - field gel electrophoresis ( pfge).materials and methods : fifty clinical isolates of c... |
many patients with type 2 diabetes need combination therapy to achieve target levels of glycaemic control , as measured by glycosylated haemoglobin ( hba1c ) .
metformin and linagliptin used in combination have been shown to successfully reduce hba1c levels , with greater reductions compared with monotherapy than wit... | objectiveto determine the efficacy and safety of linagliptin in initial combination with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.methodsthis 1-year randomised , double - blind study was an extension of a 6-month randomised controlled trial , in which adults with type 2 diabetes received one of six treatment regimens... |
urinary tract infection is a common disease in the general population . however , in patients with frequent urinary tract infection , it is important to determine any treatable cause to avoid recurrence .
herlyn - werner - wunderlich syndrome or ohvira syndrome is a very rare congenital anomaly with uterus didelphys ... | introductionurinary tract infection is a common disease in the general population . however , in patients with frequent urinary tract infection , it is important to determine any treatable cause to avoid recurrence.case presentationherlyn - werner - wunderlich syndrome or ohvira syndrome is a very rare congenital anoma... |
acquired deficiency of the inhibitor of the first component of human complement ( c1-inh ) is an extraordinarily rare cause of intermittent episodes of angioedema , with approximately 100 cases reported in published literature.1 underlying low grade lymphoid hemopathies , in which immediate chemotherapy is typically un... | acquired angioedema is often associated with significant morbidity . an underlying lymphatic malignancy , autoimmune disorder , adenocarcinoma , or other malignancy
may be present .
screening for these disorders should occur in all patients with acquired angioedema as treatment may result in resolution of angioedem... |
if one lives long enough , he or she will eventually be impacted by the debilitating malignancy known as cancer .
even if the individual is lucky enough to elude cancer , it is likely that a close friend or family member will be stricken by a malignant neoplasm .
the prevalence of cancer suggests that public awaren... | backgroundresearch involving the discovery of novel anticancer drugs and treatments hold precedence among the general public
. however , investigating the etiology and epidemiology of malignancies can have a significant effect on reducing the prevalence of cancer in society .
understanding risk factors that drive n... |
iron is the world 's most commonly used metal and can usually be found with other elements in the form of steel . in this era of machines
it is the inevitable part in production of various materials like eyeglass frames , jet aircraft , the space shuttle , automobiles , and surgical instruments .
the total producti... | background : iron is the world 's most commonly used metal and can usually be found with other elements in the form of steel . in this era of machines , it is the inevitable part in production of various materials like eyeglass frames , jet aircraft , the space shuttle , automobiles , and surgical instruments .
occup... |
the duration of untreated psychosis is most frequently defined as the period between the occurrence of first positive symptoms and the commencement of treatment .
some patients experience negative symptoms that are manifested in disordered behaviour for many years prior to the first symptoms of anxiety and depression... | summarybackgroundthe goal of this prognostic study was to investigate whether the duration of untreated psychosis ( dup ) may have a prognostic value with regard to the further course of the illness.material/methodsfifty-eight patients ( 77% of the original study group ) diagnosed with dsm iii schizophrenia and later r... |
the common causes for retroperitoneal hemorrhage can be classified into two types : ( 1 ) external injury and ( 2 ) internal disease , such as abdominal aortic or visceral artery aneurysms , or after acute or chronic anticoagulation or fibrinolytic therapy .
acute abdominal or flank pain , hypotension , and anemia 2,... | a 34-year - old female presented with sudden onset of severe abdominal pain in a flank distribution .
a large mass was palpable in the right upper quadrant on physical examination .
abdominal contrast - enhanced computed tomography showed a well - defined , right - sided , retroperitoneal cystic lesion located betw... |
a 39-year - old woman was admitted to the gynecology department for continuous abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant and which radiated to the right thigh . she denied dyspepsia or bowel habit changes .
her medical history was remarkable for chronic abdominal pain and ovarian endometriosis two years ago , which ... | a uterus - like mass ( ulm ) is a central cavity lined by endometrial glands and stroma and surrounded by thick - walled smooth muscles . to date , 31 cases of ulm have been reported in the english literature .
ulm typically presents as a single mass and is located in the pelvic cavity .
we report here a very rare ... |
the toronto charter for physical activity ( 2010 ) and several national physical activity plans ( usa , norway , scotland , and the u.k . ) advocate sports participation as an important part of population targeted physical activity for adolescents ( 2 , 3 ) .
physical activity participation such as playing organized ... | the toronto charter for physical activity ( 2010 ) and several national physical activity plans advocate sports participation as an important part of population targeted physical activity for youth . emerging research evidence also suggests that sports participation during adolescents is linked to significant positive ... |
in spite of its benign nature , the ameloblastoma is a slowly growing , locally invasive , and epithelial odontogenic tumor1 .
multicystic ameloblastoma is the most common variant and 5% to 15% of all ameloblastomas are of the unicystic type2 .
this lesion is a less clinically aggressive variant of ameloblastoma3 .... | maxillofacial images must be examined to find pathologies not identified during clinical examination .
unicystic ameloblastoma ( ua ) extending to the mandibular body and ramus was neglected on initial panoramic radiographic examination .
after orthodontic therapy , a huge lesion was observed clinically and through... |
multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system , and a common cause of physical disability in young adults . in most cases
the disease initially manifests with a relapsing - remitting disease course ( rrms ) caused by immune cell infiltration to the central nervous syst... | the objective of this study was to assess long - term use , adherence and efficacy of injectable disease modifying agents ( dmas ) .
multiple sclerosis ( ms ) patients diagnosed during 2002 - 2010 with early treatment start and at least one year in first choice medication were included in a large university district ... |
this retrospective study of medical records involved a series of 50 treatment nave patients with cnv due to neovascular amd who came to the department of ophthalmology , konkuk university medical center from january 2010 to december 2013 .
twenty seven patients were excluded due to the presence of large pigment epith... | purposeto describe the changes of fundus autofluorescence ( faf ) in patients with age - related macular degeneration before and after intravitreal injection of anti - vascular endothelial growth factor according to the type of choroidal neovascularization ( cnv ) and to evaluate the correlation of faf with spectral do... |
reagents and antibodies antibodies against vdac1 , pcp , glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase , pbr and cox iv were from chemicon , sigma , calbiochem , and santa cruz biotechnology , respectively .
the generation of antiserum against bacterially expressed human star , which detects both phospho- and dephospho -... | the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein ( star ) is required for adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis and for male sexual differentiation .
star acts on the outer mitochondrial membrane ( omm ) to facilitate movement of cholesterol from the omm to the inner mitochondrial membrane to be converted to pregnenolone , t... |
diabetic case subjects were recruited at 14 diabetes practices in ulm and the surrounding area , southwest germany , as part of the baden - wrttemberg consortium , arbeitsgemeinschaft diabetologie baden - wrttemberg - erhebung neu entdeckter typ 1 diabetiker ( adbw - end ) study group .
a total of 1,384 case subjects... | objectivein contrast with childhood - onset type 1 diabetes , the genetics of autoimmune diabetes in adults are not well understood .
we have therefore investigated the genetics of diabetes diagnosed in adults positive for autoantibodies.research design and methodsgad autoantibodies ( gadas ) , insulinoma - associate... |
that mitochondrial organelles derive from ancestral bacteria ( sagan 1967 ; margulis 1996 ) are now widely accepted , but the question of their precise origin remains open ( gray 2012 ) .
the endosymbiotic transition that transformed these ancestral bacteria ( or proto - mitochondria ) into current mitochondria has b... | mitochondria are the energy - producing organelles of our cells and derive from bacterial ancestors that became endosymbionts of microorganisms from a different lineage , together with which they formed eukaryotic cells . for a long time
it has remained unclear from which bacteria mitochondria actually evolved , even... |
although its incidence is decreasing , coronary stent dislodgement continues to occur in this modern era of percutaneous coronary interventions ( pci ) .
it is often associated with significant morbidity , including systemic or coronary embolizations , acute myocardial infarctions ( mi ) , emergency coronary artery b... | coronary stent dislodgement is a rare and serious complication of percutaneous coronary intervention and is associated with major adverse cardiac events .
successful retrieval of the stent is recommended in this situation because it is important for the prognosis .
recently , a patient was referred to our hospital ... |
falciparum malaria in pregnancy is an important cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in malaria endemic areas . in pregnancy ,
pregnant women in malarious areas may experience a variety of adverse consequences from malaria infection including anemia and placental accumulation of parasites while the... | background . to evaluate the current status of malaria at parturition and its impact on delivery outcome in nigeria
.
methods .
a total of 2500 mother - neonate pairs were enrolled at 4 sites over a 12-month period .
maternal and placental blood smears for malaria parasitaemia and haematocrit w... |
a 100 nm thick gold film was evaporated on a silicon ( 100 ) wafer
on top of a 10 nm ti adhesion layer ( kurt j. lesker company , pvd 200 ) .
using an evaporation rate of 0.1 / s for both layers with a base
pressure of 1 10
biphenyl-4,4-dithiol ( sigma - aldrich ,
95% ) was dissolved in a small amount of di... | gold nanoparticles are separated
above a planar gold film by 1.1 nm thick self - assembled molecular
monolayers of different conductivities .
incremental replacement of
the nonconductive molecules with a chemically equivalent conductive
version differing by only one atom produces a strong 50 nm blue - shift
... |
will the next 50 years bring solutions to the vascular hazards resulting from both microgravity and hypokinesia ( restricted movements ) ? some animals that live all of their lives in caves can not adjust to living outside the cave .
are humans spared the restrictions of nature ? during space flight , the endothelium... | since pharmaceuticals can not be used in space until liver and kidney dysfunctions are corrected , and with invariable malabsorption , it appears there is no alternative other than to use subcutaneous magnesium ( mg ) replacements in the presence of deficiencies and use of gene therapy .
i suggest beginning with the ... |
parkinson 's disease is the second common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic ( da ) neurons and biochemical reduction in striatal dopamine levels , associated with major clinical symptoms including tremor at rest , rigidity , bradykinesia and postural instabi... | parkinson 's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and a biochemical reduction of striatal dopamine levels . despite the lack of fully understanding of the etiology of parkinson 's disease , accumulating evidences suggest that ... |
gastrointestinal xanthomas are characterized by cells with foamy cytoplasm containing lipid in lamina propria and commonly occur in the gastric mucosa.1 colonic xanthomas have been rarely reported , and most colonic xanthoma cases have been found in the sigmoid colon and rectum.1 the authors experienced a rare case of ... | gastrointestinal xanthomas are characterized by foamy cytoplasmic cells containing lipid in lamina propria , and occur almost in the gastric mucosa .
colonic xanthomas have been described in rare case .
all reported colonic xanthomas were located in rectosigmoid .
rectosigmoid xanthomas have tended to exhibit sma... |
biochemical ( prostate specific antigen [ psa]-only ) relapse is currently the most common form of advanced prostate cancer . every third patient will experience rising psa levels after prostatectomy or radiotherapy .
approximately 40% of the patients who receive definitive treatment for prostate cancer with an int... | purposehigh - risk prostate cancer patients undergoing treatment often experience biochemical recurrence .
the use of bisphosphonates as an adjuvant treatment delays skeletal events , yet whether or not bisphosphonates also delay metastastic development remains to be determined.materials and methodsa total of 140 hig... |
epidemiology , clinical spectrum and outcome of the staphylococcal bacteremia / sepsis has been modified for years by different factors . in the era of antibiotic clinical course and outcome of this disease
various studies have proven that the percentage of mortality is still up to 35% in some countries and it is ass... | summaryconflict of interest : none declared.introductionstaphylococcal bacteremia / sepsis is one of the most serious bacterial infections around the world . in individuals with pre - existing diseases , there is always an increased risk of infections occurring due to impaired immune system , a variety of drug therapy ... |
diabetic nephropathy ( dn ) is one of the most important long - term complications of diabetes , and it is the primary cause of end - stage renal disease and deaths in diabetic patients .
the major clinical characteristics of dn includes progressively decreasing glomerular filtration rate ( gfr ) and persistent album... | backgrounddiabetic nephropathy ( dn ) is one of the most significant long - term complications of diabetes mellitus ( dm ) , and it is a primary risk factor for end - stage renal disease .
micrornas ( mirnas ) play important roles in regulating the expression of genes , including interleukin-6r ( il-6r ) , which has ... |
physicians in the united states comprise less than one - half of 1 percent of the population yet determine how nearly 12 percent of the nation 's gross national product will be spent ( eisenberg , 1985 ) .
indeed , physicians ' decisions on use of hospital services , diagnostic testing , and other medical resources a... | survey data on physician income and work patterns are examined and compared for 1975 and 1983 - 84 .
specialty , hours and weeks worked , location , practice size , and incorporation status are examined .
dollar figures for 1975 are adjusted to show real - dollar income changes over the period .
incomes for surgi... |
alspac is a population - based birth cohort that recruited 14,541 predominantly white pregnant women resident in the bristol area of the united kingdom during 1990 to 1992 .
there were 14,062 live born children , and 13,988 of these children were alive at 1 year of age and subsequently were followed up .
the cohort... | backgroundalcohol consumption in western pregnant women is not uncommon and could be a risk factor for childhood atopic disease . however , reported alcohol intake may be unreliable , and associations are likely to be confounded.objectivewe aimed to study the relation between prenatal alcohol exposure and atopic phenot... |
samples - during entomological surveillance for the detection of
emerging and re - emerging arboviruses between 2011 - 2013 in san bernardo del viento
( crdoba , colombia ) ( 92130.97n 755837.28w ) ( fig .
1 ) , mosquitoes were collected using a manual aspirator from resting sites
inside mangroves , mounted and... | saint louis encephalitis virus ( slev ) is a member of the japanese - encephalitis virus
serocomplex of the genus flavivirus .
slev is broadly distributed in the americas and
the caribbean islands , where it is usually transmitted by mosquitoes of the
genus culex and primarily to birds and mammalian - hosts .
... |
study , contains a total of 32 ngs samples , divided in three series : gse71175 , containing 6 chip - seq samples ( 5 chip against p53 and one input ) ; gse71176 , containing 24 rna - seq samples ( 4 conditions with 2 replicates each for the p53 ko cells , 4 conditions with 4 replicates each for the c57/bl6 cells ) ... | the transcriptional programs activated by p53 in b cells in vivo following exposure to ionizing radiation were studied through the integrated analysis of various types of next - generation sequencing data : genome - wide profiling of p53 binding sites , mapping of histone marks and open chromatin regions and quantifica... |
the author has not received any funding or benefits from industry or elsewhere to conduct this study . | despite the fact that women now comprise half of the medical student and resident populations , women remain underrepresented in prominent leadership positions in academia . women are challenging themselves to live up to the expectations of their professional peers , society , and their patients in order to have it al... |
in 1930 , mauriac first described abnormal glycogen deposition , hepatomegaly and abnormal liver enzymes associated with growth retardation , delayed puberty , cushingoid features and hypercholesterolemia in children with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus ( dm ) . since then
, it has been revealed that such hep... | glycogenic hepatopathy ( gh ) remains underrecognized in adults as most clinicians mistake it for the more common hepatic abnormality associated with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus in this age group , non - alcoholic fatty liver disease .
this is also complicated by the fact that both entities are indistinguishable o... |
despite being a limited resource country , great commitment from programmes and efforts to improve care can bring positive results and improve the quality of life of t1 dm patients . | tanzania is located in east africa with a population of 45 million .
the country 's population is growing at 2.5% annually .
the international diabetes federation child sponsorship program was launched in tanzania in 2005 .
the number of type 1 diabetes mellitus children enrolled in the changing diabetes in child... |
the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion ( acdf ) has become a standard surgical procedure for treating degenerative cervical disc disease causing radiculopathy or myelopathy [ 14 ] . in the late 1990s ,
anterior cervical discectomy with arthroplasty ( acda ) was introduced as an alternative to fusion , based on t... | purposecervical disc prostheses induce significant amount of artifact in magnetic resonance imaging which may complicate radiologic follow - up after surgery . the purpose of this study was to investigate as to what extent the artifact , induced by the frequently used discover cervical disc prosthesis ,
impedes inter... |
bph is one of the most common diseases affecting old aged men and its incidence and prevalence will increase with age.14 it is reported that an estimated 70% of men aged 61 - 70 years and
90% of those aged 81 - 90 have pathological bph.5 the prevalence of bph among iranian men above 40 years is estimated to be 23.6%.... | objectives : almost 20% of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms ( luts ) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) might also have symptoms of prostatitis .
but , the interrelationship between bph and prostatic inflammation , and how one can influence the other , is under controversy .
the aim of our study ... |
lumbar disc herniation ( ldh ) is one of the most common causes of low back pain and sciatica .
the number of patients with ldh is increasing not only with the aging population but also in the young due to the lack of physical activity and sedentary lifestyle .
surgical intervention should be considered in patients... | objectives : to study 1)the efficacy of transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy in lumbar disc herniations.2 ) limitations and advantages of the surgical procedure .
3)morbidity and complications associated with the procedure.materials and methods : this study was carried out on 120 patients who had ... |
learning disorders ( ld ) has often been under - diagnosed in india and its awareness has also been reported to be low with a prevalence of 3% in the city of chandigarh , india , where this study was carried out by the same group of authors .
ld is associated with behavioral and emotional problems in up to 30% of cas... | background : teachers are perhaps the closest observers of child 's academic performance and can be instrumental in detecting learning disorder ( ld ) early.objectives:the present study aimed to assess the teachers perceptions about ld.materials and methods : this is a cross - sectional questionnaire - based study in t... |
encephalitozoon cuniculi ( e. cuniculi ) is a single - celled obligate intracellular microorganism belonging to the phylum microsporidia , class microsporea , and order microsporidia [ 1 , 2 ] . all mammals are susceptible to infection with this eukaryotic organism ; however , it causes significant central nervous syst... | this is the first confirmed report of encephalitozoon cuniculi ( e. cuniculi ) in farm meat rabbits located in northern mexico .
eighty young rabbits exhibited clinical signs of this zoonotic emerging disease , like torticollis , ataxia , paresis , circling , and rolling .
samples of brain , kidney , and liver were... |
escalating rates of obesity may cause the current generation of children to have a life expectancy shorter than that of their parents .
overweight and obese adolescents are now presenting with type 2 diabetes , dyslipidemia , and hypertension , diseases not previously seen in this age group [ 2 , 3 ] .
most student... | background .
calorie labeling at the point - of - purchase in chain restaurants has been shown to reduce energy intake . objective . to investigate the impact of point - of - purchase calorie information at one rural middle school . methods . with a community - based participatory research framework
a mixed method ... |
our 303 pleckstrin homology ( ph ) domains generally bind to phosphoinositides ( pis ) or proteins ( lemmon , 2008 ) . their functional assignment is compromised by our lack of solved structures of ph domains that bind to monophosphorylated pis , or of other proteins in complex with phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate ( p... | structural basis of wedging the golgi membrane by fapp pleckstrin homology domainsoverduin and colleagues present the nmr structures of free , micelle and ptdins(4)p - bound fapp1-ph domain .
the micelle - bound structure reveals how its prominent wedge independently tubulates golgi membranes by leaflet penetration .... |
during routine influenza antiviral susceptibility surveillance , an influenza b virus , b / north carolina/11/2010 , with reduced susceptibility to oseltamivir and the investigational nai peramivir was detected by using the fluorescent nai assay based on ic50 values ( amount of nai required to inhibit 50% of viral na a... | oseltamivir is 1 of 2 antiviral medications available for the treatment of influenza b virus infections .
we describe and characterize a cluster of influenza b viruses circulating in north carolina with a mutation in the neuraminidase active site that may reduce susceptibility to oseltamivir and the investigational d... |
in a recent issue of critical care , saddy and colleagues present an important article on the impact of partial ventilatory support on lung tissue inflammation and diaphragm dysfunction in mechanically ventilated rats .
their data reveal surprising results , in particular showing that the degree of diaphragmatic in... | facilitation of early spontaneous breathing activity is the most important measure to shorten weaning and avoid ventilator - induced lung injury and diaphragmatic injury in mechanically ventilated patients .
however , the optimal degree of spontaneous muscle activity and ventilator support remains to be determined . ... |
diabetic neuropathy is the most common complication of diabetes ; approximately half of patients with diabetes have symptoms of diabetic neuropathy .
loss of sensation is particularly important because it can allow the injury to go unnoticed , leading to foot ulcers .
diabetic foot ulcer is defined as cutaneous ero... | aim .
callus is a risk factor , leading to severe diabetic foot ulcer ; thus , prevention of callus formation is important .
however , normal stress ( pressure ) and shear stress associated with callus have not been clarified . additionally , as new valuables , a shear stress - normal stress ( pressure ) ratio ( sp... |
myeloperoxidase ( mpo)-specific anti - neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies ( mpo - anca)-associated glomerulonephritis ( gn ) is characterized by immunofluorescence microscopy ( if ) or by electron microscopy ( em ) , as a pauci - immune type of necrotizing and crescentic gn caused by a relative lack of immunoglobulin ( ... | an elderly woman presented with haematuria and proteinuria accompanied by elevated serum myeloperoxidase ( mpo)-specific anti - neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies ( mpo - anca ) .
a renal biopsy revealed mild mesangial proliferation with fibrocellular crescent formation and a membranous glomerular lesion .
immunoflu... |
inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor ( imt ) occurring at intra - abdominal sites in children is a rare entity , which , because of its large size and location , may often be confused with malignancy .
the treatment of imt is primarily surgical excision and re - excision of recurrent lesions .
as these tumors are rar... | inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor occurring at intra - abdominal sites in children can be confused with malignancy because of its large size and location .
it is a tumor classified as
intermediate between benign and malignant , but usually benign , with a strong tendency for recurrence .
treatment is surgical ex... |
the arm swing of humans during gait is a complex and natural movement of the joints and
limbs1 .
arm swing during gait minimizes
the increase of angular momentum and energy consumption , it has been reported that it also
increases stability during gait2 . arm
swing was first described as an indirect pendulum ... | [ purpose ] this study researched the effects of different gait speeds and lower arm
weight on the activities of the latissimus dorsi , gluteus medius , and gluteus maximus
muscles . [ subjects ] fourteen healthy adult men participated in this study .
[ methods ] all
the participants carried out walking on a tr... |
a growth of the elderly population consequently increases the number of demented subjects , and dementia is one of the major challenges of health care systems in most countries , especially in aging societies such as japan .
the presence of dementia is strongly related to a decline in the level of daily functioning ,... | background .
a new public long - term care ( ltc ) insurance was launched in 2000 in japan
. however , there have been few studies involving factors that increase ltc costs of demented subjects ; no follow - up studies involving the government - certified index ( gci ) and requisite costs related to the causes of d... |
a 29-year - old primigravida with previous antepartum ami was admitted for delivery at 37 weeks of gestation . she had a six - year history of metabolic syndrome ( type 2 diabetes mellitus , hyperlipidemia and central obesity ) and a family history of ischemic heart disease .
she had undergone primary percutaneous co... | we report a case of 29-year - old , morbidly obese , diabetic primigravida who had undergone previously primary percutaneous coronary intervention with stent placement for an inferior wall myocardial infarction at 10 weeks of gestation .
she remained asymptomatic with medication during the remainder of her pregnancy ... |
despite advances in operative technique , ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm ( raaa ) remains fatal in the majority of cases and intraoperative mortality remains high in those who survive to undergo repair . in 1994 , two vascular teams almost simultaneously introduced an alternative to surgical treatment for raaa end... | backgroundpatients presenting with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms are most often treated with open repair despite the fact that endovascular aneurysm repair is a less invasive and widely accepted method with clear benefits for elective aortic aneurysm patients .
a debate exists regarding the definitive benefit i... |
typhoid fever caused by salmonella typhi is a systemic illness in which the portal of entry is the gastrointestinal tract .
ileal perforation , which occurs in 1%17% of cases of typhoid fever , is a serious complication.1 male dominance in patients with typhoid ileal perforation ( tip ) is well recognized.2,3 a recen... | the phenomenon of consistent male dominance in typhoid ileal perforation ( tip ) is not well understood .
it can not be explained on the basis of microbial virulence , peyer s patch anatomy , ileal wall thickness , gastric acidity , host genetic factors , or sex - linked bias in hospital attendance .
the cytokine r... |
although sudden cardiac death ( scd ) in young athletes is rare , it often occurs without warning and is a devastating event for families . overwhelming support for screening
as a public health initiative exists in both the medical and lay communities.1 however , controversy surrounding the utility of screening progr... | backgroundover a 12-month period , adolescent heart - screening programs were performed for identifying at - risk adolescents for sudden cardiac death ( scd ) in our community .
novel to our study , all adolescents received an abbreviated , ultraportable echocardiography ( upe ) . in this report
, we describe the u... |
diels alder
reactions of cycloalkenone dienophiles with
a variety of dienes are powerful synthetic tools .
cyclobutenone has been shown to be a potent dienophile with greater reactivity than five- and six - membered cycloalkenones .
this has been attributed to the ease of out - of - plane distortion of
cyclo... | the intramolecular diels alder
reactions of cycloalkenones
and terminal dienes occur with high endo stereoselectivity , both thermally
and under lewis - acidic conditions . through computations ,
we show that
steric repulsion and tether conformation govern the selectivity of
the reaction , and incorporatio... |
decrease of buffer capacity leads to stronger summer co2 uptake in the futurebiology will contribute more to future co2 uptake in southern oceanseasonality affects anthropogenic carbon uptake strongly decrease of buffer capacity leads to stronger summer co2 uptake in the future biology will contribute more to future co... | the southern ocean is a key region for global carbon uptake and is characterized by a strong seasonality with the annual co2 uptake being mediated by biological carbon drawdown in summer .
here we show that the contribution of biology to co2 uptake will become even more important until 2100 .
this is the case even ... |
riboswitches regulate gene expression via specific recognition of cognate metabolites by their aptamer domains , which fold into stable conformations upon ligand binding .
however , the recently reported solution and crystal structures of the bacillus subtilis preq1 riboswitch aptamer show small but significant diffe... | |
dietary supplements and functional foods have been popular and are widely used . just as with drugs , the efficacy and safety of dietary supplements and functional foods should be evaluated from a scientific viewpoint .
one of the most desirable ways is to evaluate them based on data from randomized clinical trials .... | in clinical trials for dietary supplements and functional foods , the study population tends to be a mixture of healthy subjects and those who are not so healthy but are not definitely diseased ( called borderline subjects ) . for such heterogeneous populations ,
the t - test and ancova method often fail to provide... |
the incidence of partial - thickness rotator cuff tears documented by magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) or ultrasound is approximately 8% in symptomatic patients and 16% in asymptomatic patients , with a mean age of 45 - 55 years .
ultrasound and mri , however , have been shown to have poor sensitivity for the de... | purpose : partial - thickness articular - sided rotator cuff tears have a multifactorial etiology and are associated with degeneration of the tendon .
they are often described as an injury of the young athlete , although they are also found in the older population .
the aim of this study was to investigate the freq... |
these ligament releases correct fixed deformities and bring the limb into the correct approximate alignment before determination of femoral component rotation.7 ) there are basically two gap balancing sequences .
the other technique initially balances the knee in extension and later balances the flexion gap to the in... | a goal of total knee arthroplasty is to obtain symmetric and balanced flexion and extension gaps .
controversy exists regarding the best surgical technique to utilize to obtain gap balance .
some favor the use of a measured resection technique in which bone landmarks , such as the transepicondylar , the anterior - ... |
this 5-year prospective observational cohort study was performed in a primary care setting to investigate the potential probability of reduction in albuminuria , i.e. , remission from macroalbuminuria to microalbuminuria and a decrease in albuminuria 50% , to explore the factors associated with the reduction and to ass... | objectivestudies on the rate of remission of macroalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) and the effects of reduction in albuminuria on renal prognosis in a primary care setting are absolutely lacking.research design and methodsa total of 211 t2 dm patients with albuminuria 300 mg / g were enro... |
obesity has reached global epidemic proportions with more than one billion adults affected by this chronic disorder . coronary artery disease , stroke , insulin resistance , type 2 diabetes , hypertension , and metabolic syndrome are well - known medical comorbidities associated with excess body weight .
the metaboli... | despite the lack of international agreement regarding the definition and classification of fiber , there is established evidence on the role of dietary fibers in obesity and metabolic syndrome .
beta glucan ( -glucan ) is a soluble fiber readily available from oat and barley grains that has been gaining interest due ... |
the trial enrolled hypertensive patients , ranging in age from 18 to 85 years , with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy ( early morning urinary albumin - to - creatinine ratio [ uacr ] ) > 300 mg / g or > 200 mg / g in patients receiving blockade of the raas ) .
the criteria for exclusion were known nondiabetic kidney d... | objectiveproteinuric diabetic patients with reduced glomerular filtration rate ( gfr ) are at high risk of renal and cardiovascular disease progression and treatment - related adverse events .
this post hoc analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of aliskiren added to the maximal recommended dose of losartan accord... |
a 22-year - old woman was exposed to severe acute carbon monoxide poisoning at 29 gestational weeks after an accidental home fire .
she felt diminished fetal movements , and the cardiotocographic monitoring showed a micro oscillating and unresponsive fetal heart rate .
fetal cerebral magnetic resonance imaging at 3... | arthrogryposis multiplex congenita is a syndromic condition defined by contracture of 2 or more joints .
a large range of etiologies has been reported such as neuromuscular disorders ( peripheral dysfunction ) , chromosomal abnormalities , or cerebral malformations ( central dysfunction ) leading to fetal immobility ... |
oral lichen planus ( olp ) is an immunologically mediated disease , the malignant potential of which has been a subject of intense investigation and ongoing controversy [ 1 , 2 ] . several published series of olp with long - term follow - up have reported a variable rate of malignant transformation ranging from 0 to 12... | introduction .
aberrations of the akt / mtor / ps6 pathway have been linked to various types of human cancer , including oral squamous cell carcinoma ( oscc ) .
the purpose of this study was to evaluate the activation status of akt , mtor , and ps6 in oral lichen planus ( olp ) in comparison with oral premalignant ... |
aerococcus is a gram positive organism that has been emerging as an important human pathogen , including aerococcus urinae and aerococcus sanguinicola
, , .
aerococcus urinae in particular has been associated with urinary tract infections , , , bacteremia , , and rarely has been reported to cause endocarditis , ,... | aerococcus urinae , a previously misidentified pathogen , has become increasingly recognized to cause severe and even fatal infections .
aerococcus - related perineal abscess infections have not previously been reported in the literature .
most reported cases of infections caused by aerococcus are urinary tract inf... |
majority ( 69% ) of the bhutanese are rural agrarian who lead a physically active life .
apart from a small labour population , most urban dwellers lead an increasingly sedentary lifestyle because most of them are office goers , business men , clergy and housewives who spend their time mostly in offices , place of wo... | background : bhutan is a mountainous country with 31% urban population . there is no information on prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in bhutan yet .
this was the first study of its kind conducted in the capital city.objective:to determine prevalence of diabetes , impaired fasting glucose ( ifg ) , impaired glu... |
patients who underwent trabeculectomy in unilateral eye performed by the same surgeon ( k.m . ) between 2010 and 2012 at tokyo medical university hospital were enrolled .
patients with a history of intraocular surgery including laser treatment , a history of extraocular surgery involving the orbit or eyelid , or endo... | purpose : to prospectively investigate the incidence of postoperative ptosis following trabeculectomy by comparing preoperative and postoperative margin reflex distance ( mrd ) , and to analyze the clinical factors associated with ptosis.patients and methods : patients who underwent trabeculectomy with mitomycin c in u... |
the emergence of multi - drug resistant ( mdr ) bacteria is of growing concern worldwide .
this was highlighted in particular by rice ( 2008 ) with his well - known article describing the eskape group of pathogens ( enterococcus faecium , staphylococcus aureus , klebsiella pneumonia along with other mdr bacteria from... | anatomical barriers for antibiotic penetration can pose a particular challenge in the clinical setting . stenotrophomonas maltophilia ( sm ) and pseudomonas aeruginosa ( pa ) are two pathogens capable of developing multiple drug - resistance ( mdr ) mechanisms .
we report the case of a 56-year - old female patient wi... |
oesophageal varices and gastrointestinal bleeding are common complications of liver cirrhosis . more rarely , oesophageal varices occur in patients with non - cirrhotic portal hypertension that results from thromboses of portal or splanchnic veins .
we describe 2 young men who initially presented with varices as a re... | backgroundoesophageal varices and gastrointestinal bleeding are common complications of liver cirrhosis . more rarely , oesophageal varices occur in patients with non - cirrhotic portal hypertension that results from thromboses of portal or splanchnic veins.case reportwe describe 2 young men who initially presented wit... |
depression is a public mental health problem that affects children , adolescents , and adults , negatively impacting their personal , academic , social , and family lives . in recent years
the prevalence of depression has increased worldwide , and , at the same time , the presentation age has decreased . according to... | this paper presents a descriptive study , using the birleson scale to determine the frequency of depressive symptomatology in children and adolescents with chronic renal insufficiency ( cri ) undergoing hemodialysis ( hd ) and chronic peritoneal dialysis ( cpd ) .
there were 67 patients ( 40 female and 27 male ) with... |
a stent reconstructs the parent artery , assists coil embolization , and decreases flow activity within an aneurysm . the neuroform stent ( boston scientific , natick , ma , usa ) is the first microcatheter - delivered stent , designed specifically for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms5 ) .
preliminary data suggest... | the intracranial stent functions primarily to prevent protrusion of coils into the parent vessel during the embolization of wide - necked cerebral aneurysms and might also reduce aneurysm recanalization rate . in spite of these advantages , little
is known about the long - term interaction of the stent with the paren... |
for management of proximal ureteral calculi , there is still controversy with regard to determining which treatment option should be considered the first - line therapy .
however , it is well known that almost all proximal ureteral calculi over 5 mm in size should be treated using surgical management .
although som... | purposefor treating proximal ureteral calculi , treatment decision has been known still difficult to choose ureteroscopic lithotripsy ( urs ) or shockwave lithotripsy .
the aims of our study are to identify the possible predictors for necessity of urs and to propose the gachon university ureteral narrowing scoring sy... |
ayurveda is a traditional form of medicine that originated on the indian subcontinent during the vedic period and is still widely used by many .
these medicines can be divided into two broad disciplines : herbal only and rasa shastra , in which metals , including mercury , are added . in a survey of ayurvedic medic... | mercury has been determined in ayurvedic dietary supplements ( trifala , trifala guggulu , turmeric , mahasudarshan , yograj , shatawari , hingwastika , shatavari , and shilajit ) by inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry ( icp - ms ) and direct mercury analysis using the hydra - c direct mercury analyzer ( tel... |
the karyotypes ( only the chromosome number and sex determination ) of eight species of bradyporini have been studied ( georgevitch , 1933 ; fernandez - piqueras et al . , 1982 , 1983 ;
the chromosome number in the species of this genus ranges from 2n = 25 ( georgevitch , 1933 ) to 29 ( fernandez - piqueras et al . ,... | chromosomes and detailed karyotype information ( the number , shape , relative length , arm ratio , centromeric index ) of callimenus ( = bradyporus ) macrogaster macrogaster lef .
( orthoptera : tettigonioidea , bradyporini ) of turkey belonging to the subfamily bradyporinae are described .
the diploid number of c... |
opioid induced hyperalgesia ( oih ) is a paradoxical state of nociceptive sensitization caused by exposure to opioids .
neuropathic pain is only partially responsive to opioids ; injudicious increase in dose of opioids in neuropathic pain may result in oih .
adjuvant analgesics by supplementing analgesia and avoidi... | cancer pain and pain in cancer patient are not synonymous .
opioid - induced hyperalgesia ( oih ) is a paradoxical state of nociceptive sensitization caused by exposure to opioids .
neuropathic pain is only partially responsive to opioids ; injudicious increase in dose of opioids in neuropathic pain may not only... |
so , it is essential for learners to understand this importance of environment in the epidemiological triad .
based on our regular observation , the regular theory classes on environment usually had a negative response and students felt so due to the feeling of being dry and vague .
so , it was planned to take one ... | background : topics on environmental health are usually neglected by students and it is necessary for them to learn this area with a public health perspective as environment plays a vital role in multi - factorial causation of diseases . hence there is a need for alternative teaching / learning methods to facilitate st... |
bevacizumab ( avastin , genentech , south san francisco , ca , usa ) is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) .
the drug 's clinical application has expanded from its initial indication for metastatic colorectal cancer to breast , ovarian , renal cell and other s... | vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) is integral to the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier .
bevacizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against vegf with expanding clinical applications for metastatic solid tumours .
we describe a case of a 61-year - old female with ovarian cancer an... |
deciding on the type of lymphadenectomy to perform in gastric cancer is a controversial matter .
groups in asia contend that lymph node involvement in gastric cancer in the absence of distant metastases is a localized disease and that curative surgical treatment should be performed .
they advocate d2 lymphadenectom... | background .
d2 lymphadenectomy is a demanding technique which is associated with high morbidity in the west .
we report our experience with d2 lymphadenectomy after a training period in japan .
methods .
prospective , descriptive study in 133 consecutive patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric aden... |
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