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epidermolysis bullosa ( eb ) comprises a group of genetically determined skin fragility disorders characterized by blistering of the skin and mucosa following mild mechanical trauma18,20,21 .
approximately 400,000 - 500,000 people are affected worldwide and no definitive treatments have yet been developed8,7 .
eb i... | epidermolysis bullosa ( eb ) consists of a group of genetic hereditary disorders in which patients frequently present fragile skin and mucosa that form blisters following minor trauma .
more than 20 subtypes of eb have been recognized in the literature .
specific genetic mutations are well characterized for most th... |
currently , cisplatin is being used
as an anticancer agent in several human cancers , particularly , testicular and
ovarian cancers [ 1 , 2 ] .
side effects , especially nephrotoxicity , of this drug
limit its widespread use in high dose .
the need to develop new complexes
with reduced nephrotoxicity and hi... | synthesis of two new water - soluble mixed ligand [ pd(bpy)(dahmp)]cl and [ ag(bpy)(hdahmp)]no3 complexes ( dahmp and hdahmp are the deprotonated monoanion and the protonated neutral 4,6-diamino-5-hydroxy-2-mercaptopyrimidine , resp . ) is reported .
the composition of the reported complexes was discussed on the base... |
traumatic dental injuries present a major challenge to dental clinicians across the globe because of the young age where it most frequently occurs , wherein loss of tooth may have lifelong consequences , psychological impact that it has on young minds , strict dependence of the outcome on the time lag between injury an... | the myriads of technological advancements in dentistry in last two decades have led to a dramatic shift from conventional invasive procedures to more conservative biomimetic therapies . in this
series , management of traumatic dental injuries has taken a big leap in that now it is possible to conserve many of these t... |
healthy oral mucous membrane is normally of varying shades of red . when either the patient or the clinician notices areas of pigmentation , there is often an element of increased concern .
focal lesions usually need an in - depth examination to exclude a melanoma , while diffuse lesions often have no specific histol... | the clinical presentation of diffuse pigmentation can be alarming to the patient as well as the clinician .
a histopathologic examination of a pigmented lesion is necessary in most of the cases in the oral cavity .
oral melanoacanthoma is a very rare diffuse pigmentation with no specific treatment required .
it s... |
it has recently been shown that lens injury or intravitreal applications of lens - derived /-crystallins potently protect axotomised retinal ganglion cells ( rgcs ) from cell death and stimulate axon regeneration in the injured optic nerve [ 15 ] .
all treatments induce an activation of retinal astrocytes and mller c... | lens injury induced activation of retinal glia , and subsequent release of ciliary neurotrophic factor ( cntf ) and leukaemia inhibitory factor ( lif ) potently protect axotomised retinal ganglion cells from apoptosis and promotes axon regeneration in the injured optic nerve .
the goal of the current study was to inv... |
in 1907 , gh whipple described the case of 36-year - old man with abdominal pain , diarrhea , malabsorption , weight loss , fever , and arthralgia,1 now known as whipple disease ( wd ) .
this rare , chronic , multisystemic infectious disorder is caused by the bacterium tropheryma whipplei ( tw ) , which is related to... | whipple disease ( wd ) is a rare systemic disorder caused by the bacteria tropheryma whipplei . in its classic form
, it manifests with gastrointestinal problems including diarrhea , abdominal pain , and weight loss .
however , various other systems can be affected , including the central nervous system ( cns ) .
... |
choosing the safest method of delivery and preventing preterm labour to reduce the number of preterm births and improve the outcomes for mother and baby is an obstetric challenge .
optimal route of delivery for preterm vertex neonates has been a controversial topic in the obstetric and neonatal community for decade... | choosing the safest method of delivery and preventing preterm labour are obstetric challenges in reducing the number of preterm births and improving outcomes for mother and baby .
optimal route of delivery for preterm vertex neonates has been a controversial topic in the obstetric and neonatal community for decades a... |
it has been proven that the face is a slightly stronger indicator of overall attractiveness than the body .
attractive people are regarded as friendly , intelligent , interesting , more social , and much more positive personalities [ 24 ] .
irregularities in the position of the teeth and jaws have a significant imp... | introduction .
physical , mental , and social consequences of malocclusion may impact the quality of life .
the aim of this review is to describe main factors motivating parents for orthodontic treatment for their children
. methods .
a systematic review study design was used to identify articles analyzing diff... |
nowadays , osteoporosis - related vertebral compression fractures have important health consequence particularly for older patients , including morbidity and increased mortality5 ) .
while the diagnosis can be suspected from history and physical examination , plain radiography , computed tomography and bone scanning ... | objectiveosteoporotic compression fracture is an increasing issue in this community and its diagnosis depends on the magnetic resonance images ( mri ) .
although t1- and t2-weighted images ( t1wi and t2wi ) have high sensitivity and specificity , the fat suppression technique gives more clear delineation of this abno... |
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ) is one of the most common developmental disorders with a prevalence of 3 - 7% in the general population and is associated with significant impairment symptoms . as a consequence of pervasiveness , adhd can negatively interfere with the general well - being , as well a... | background : several recent studies investigated the relationship between self - esteem and adhd , however , the results are still controversial . in the present study
we analyze the characteristics of self - esteem in a sample of children and adolescents suffering from adhd , with a particular focus on the relations... |
hygienic - sanitary self - monitoring in the food industry was made mandatory in italy by italian legislative decree no .
it was modelled on the practicable method of the system called haccp ( hazard analysis and critical control points ) designed in the late 1950 s by the pillsbury company to provide safe food for n... | within the realm of evaluating self - monitoring plans , developed based on the hazard analysis and critical control points ( haccp ) method and adopted by food companies , little research has been done concerning the quality of the plans .
the servizio di igiene degli alimenti e della nutrizione ( food and nutrition... |
since the cancer and leukemia group b ( calgb ) 9344 and the national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project ( nsabp ) b28 trials were reported , four cycles of doxorubicin / cyclophosphamide ( ac ) followed by four cycles of taxane has become a standard adjuvant chemotherapy regimen for patients with node - positi... | purposethis study evaluated the effect of surgery - radiotherapy interval ( sri ) on outcomes in patients treated with adjuvant radiotherapy ( rt ) after breast - conserving surgery ( bcs ) and adjuvant four cycles of doxorubicin / cyclophosphamide ( ac ) followed by four cycles of taxane.materials and methodsfrom 1999... |
several observational and randomized controlled trials ( rcts ) have shown increased risk of hospital complications , length of stay , and mortality in patients with hyperglycemia and diabetes ( 15 ) .
randomized multicenter trials in medical and surgical patients with type 2 diabetes have shown that treatment with a... | objectiveclinical guidelines recommend point - of - care glucose testing and the use of supplemental doses of rapid - acting insulin before meals and at bedtime for correction of hyperglycemia .
the efficacy and safety of this recommendation , however , have not been tested in the hospital setting.research design and... |
it has been reported that in autopsy cases of prostate cancer patients , adrenal metastasis is observed in 17 - 20% of the cases and pleural metastasis is observed in around 20% of the cases [ 1 , 2 ] .
however , there are few reports on clinical cases , and the case described here is only the fourth case of adrenal ... | our case was 65 years old . at check - up ,
a high psa level of 515 ng / ml was observed , the patient was diagnosed with having clinical stage d prostate cancer and a maximum androgen blockade ( mab therapy ) was started . in response to the exacerbated prostate cancer , we started a therapy involving the administra... |
the high - resolution microendoscope described here ( figure 1a ) should be considered as a base configuration with several variations possible in assembly and application .
we describe in detail here an embodiment of the platform which is designed to be used with proflavine as a fluorescent contrast agent .
profla... | many biological and clinical studies require the longitudinal study and analysis of morphology and function with cellular level resolution .
traditionally , multiple experiments are run in parallel , with individual samples removed from the study at sequential time points for evaluation by light microscopy .
severa... |
the incidence of testis cancer has been increasing at an annual rate of 3% , leading to a doubling in cases world - wide over the last 40 years . with the advent of improved staging and treatment
there has been a marked decrease in mortality over this time , estimated at 4.5% for 2009.1 in recent years , positron emi... | objective : computed tomography and chest radiographs provide the standard imaging for staging , treatment , and surveillance of testicular germ cell neoplasms .
positron emission tomography has recently been utilized for staging , but is somewhat limited in its ability to provide anatomic localization .
fusion ima... |
the author contributed to , and accepts responsibility for the comments and views expressed in this commentary .
the author has obtained grants in the last three years from la loterie romande , clubsnsw , comelot , la franaise des jeux , loto - qubec , national lottery ( belgium ) , nsw office of liquor , gaming , an... | this commentary supports the argument that there is an increasing tendency to subsume a range of excessive daily behaviors under the rubric of non - substance related behavioral addictions .
the concept of behavioral addictions gained momentum in the 1990s with the recent reclassification of pathological gambling as ... |
menopause is defined retrospectively as the time of the final menstrual period followed by 12 months of amenorrhea that occurs as a part of the normal aging process .
it is characterized by various symptoms that include hot flashes , vaginal dryness , mood and sleep disturbances , somatic complaints ( aches and pains... | objective : this study was planned to compare the effects of gabapentin and isoflavones in menopausal vasomotor symptoms.materials and methods : this prospective comparative study was conducted on 100 patients with complaints of hot flashes , divided into two groups of 50 each .
group i received 900 mg of gabapentin ... |
unfavorable dimensional and morphologic changes of the alveolar bone are inevitable subsequent to tooth extraction .
the most destructive changes are reduction of socket walls , especially the buccal wall , as well as replacement of the previous root space by the bone marrow .
it is reported that average horizontal... | background : plasma rich in growth factors ( prgf ) and freeze - dried bone allograft ( fdba ) are shown to promote bone healing . this study was aimed to histologically and histomorphometrically investigate the effect of combined use of prgf and fdba on bone formation , and compare it to fdba alone and control group.m... |
for over 50 years , aerosol sampling methods for workplace air monitoring in the united states and many other countries have relied on the use of closed - face filter cassette ( cfc ) samplers .
established occupational exposure monitoring practice based on cfc sampling generally entails the use of a battery - powere... | airborne particles that are collected using closed - face filter cassettes ( cfcs ) , which are used widely in the sampling of workplace aerosols , can deposit in places other than on the filter and thereby may not be included in the ensuing analysis . a technique for ensuring that internal non - filter deposits are in... |
loss - of - function mutations in prok2 and prokr2 ( encoding
prokineticin-2 and prokineticin receptor-2 , respectively ) have been implicated in kallmann
syndrome ( ks ) , which is characterized by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism ( hh ) and anosmia
( 1,2,3 ) . in general , subjects with biallelic
prokr2 mutation... | abstractrecent reports have indicated the role of the prokineticin receptor 2 gene
( prokr2 ) in the etiology of congenital hypopituitarism , including
septo - optic dysplasia and kallmann syndrome . in the present study , using next - generation
targeted sequencing , we identified a novel heterozygous prokr2 var... |
bad breath ( halitosis , oral malodor ) is , for the most part , an oral condition and often is also associated with ent , respiratory , gastrointestinal tract infections , certain systemic diseases , metabolic disorders , and carcinomas .
it is an awkward and embarrassing problem for millions , and can also be a war... | aim : to assess the role of periodontal health in oral malodor causation and compare the two methods ( organoleptic and halimeter ) of malodor measurement.materials and methods : a total of 240 subjects ( 60 subjects without any evidence of periodontal disease and 180 patients with gingivitis and periodontitis ) were e... |
moyamoya disease ( mmd ) is a chronic occlusive cerebral arteriopathy characterized by
progressive steno - occlusion of the arteries of the willis circle1,2,3,4,5 .
the progressive occlusion generally begins in the proximal portion
of the internal carotid artery , gradually spreading to numerous collateral vessel... | [ purpose ] this observational study provides a retrospective description of changes in motor
function of a 10 year old child who suffered from motor weakness caused by moyamoya
disease ( mmd ) over an approximately 3 year follow - up observation period .
[ methods ] the
child was diagnosed as mmd due to mult... |
observations were made in the 33-bed hematology / oncology unit , the 23-bed solid organ transplant unit , the 16-bed surgical intensive - care unit ( sicu ) , and the 11-bed medical intensive - care unit ( micu ) .
sink - to - bed ratios in the units were 8:33 in the hematology / oncology unit , 4:23 in the solid or... | we assessed the effect of medical staff role models and the number of health - care worker sinks on hand - hygiene compliance before and after construction of a new hospital designed for increased access to handwashing sinks .
we observed health - care worker hand hygiene in four nursing units that provided similar p... |
every physician , nurse practitioner , physician assistant , nurse , and imaging technologist of a health organization needs to review and manipulate images , image metadata , and associated imaging reports through the electronic health record ( ehr ) as part of routine activities .
patients are interested and increa... | clinical specialties have widely varied needs for diagnostic image interpretation , and clinical image and video image consumption .
enterprise viewers are being deployed as part of electronic health record implementations to present the broad spectrum of clinical imaging and multimedia content created in routine med... |
circular cone - beam ( cb ) scans are commonly used in
x - ray ct .
however , given tuy 's data sufficiency condition , the radon space data of the
scanned object can not be completely measured in such an imaging geometry , and
an exact reconstruction is possible only in the plane of the source trajectory
(... | reconstruction algorithms for circular cone - beam ( cb ) scans have been extensively
studied in the literature .
since insufficient data are measured , an exact reconstruction
is impossible for such a geometry .
if the reconstruction algorithm assumes zeros for
the missing data , such as the standard fdk alg... |
starting from the premise that the chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) chronic , inflammatory and hypercoagulable state characterized by an increase in procoagulant and inflammatory markers high cardiovascular ( cv ) morbidity and mortality in these patients could be explained .
non - traditional cv risk factors include ,... | introduction : starting from the point that the chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) is chronic , inflammatory and hypercoagulable state characterized by an increase in procoagulant and inflammatory markers high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in these patients could be explained.aim:the aim of the research was to mon... |
a 27-year - old male patient presented to us with painless hard mass in superonasal quadrant ( snq ) of left orbit for 3 months which had progressively increased in size during 1-month associated with drooping of upper lid of left eye for 20 days [ fig . 1 ] .
photograph of patient showing visible mass at superonasal... | while relatively common in the skeletal system , cartilaginous tumors are rarely seen originating from the orbit . here , we report a rare case of an orbital chondroma . a 27-year - old male patient presented with a painless hard mass in the superonasal quadrant ( snq ) of left orbit since 3 months . on examination , b... |
vascular malformations of the gastrointestinal tract can occur
at any age , and patients may present with a variety of symptoms .
most malformations are asymptomatic , though some can present with acute hemorrhage or chronic anemia , and others can result in obstruction or intussusception when the vascular anomaly ... | jejunal polypoid arteriovenous malformations ( avms ) and jejunojejunal intussusceptions are both rare . here , we present the case of a 61-year - old woman who suffered intermittent episodes of abdominal pain over the course of 13 years .
a computed tomography scan of her abdomen and pelvis revealed a distal jejunoj... |
in 2011 , the centers for disease control and prevention ( cdc ) assisted state and local health departments in an investigation of a cluster of wnv disease transmitted through solid organ transplantation ( 6 ) .
the adult male donor had a history of cerebral palsy , seizures , and blindness .
he was cared for at h... | we identified west nile virus ( wnv ) rna in skin , fat , muscle , tendon , and bone marrow from a deceased donor associated with wnv transmission through solid organ transplantation .
wnv could not be cultured from the rna - positive tissues .
further studies are needed to determine if wnv can be transmitted from ... |
bone is the second most transplanted tissue behind blood transfusions with 500,000 people in the us and 2.2 million people worldwide receiving bone grafts per year .
autologous bone grafting is currently considered the gold standard for treating nonhealing fractures , but multiple features make it less than ideal f... | autologous bone grafting is the most effective treatment for long - bone nonunions , but it poses considerable risks to donors , necessitating the development of alternative therapeutics .
poly(ethylene glycol ) ( peg ) microencapsulation and bmp2 transgene delivery are being developed together to induce rapid bone f... |
hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is the second leading cause of cancer - related deaths worldwide , with the incidence rising both in orient and occident . despite implementation of potentially curative treatments such as liver resection , radiofrequency ablation ( rfa ) , and transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoemboli... | background : to compare the clinicopathological features and prognosis between younger and aged patients with hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc).methods : we analyzed the outcome of 451 hcc patients underwent liver resection , transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation , respectively .
then ris... |
preeclampsia ( pe ) is a condition characterized by hypertension and proteinuria in pregnant women , where hypertension is defined as blood pressure equal to or exceeding 140/90 mmhg after the 20th week of gestation , and proteinuria is defined as either urinary excretion of more than 300 mg protein in 24 hours or pr... | introduction . preeclampsia ( pe ) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity for mothers , fetuses , and the newborns .
placenta plays a pivotal role in pathogenesis of pe .
hepatic growth factor ( hgf ) is a cytokine expressed by the mesenchymal stalk of placental villi during pregnancy and assumes a paracr... |
mutism is defined as an inability or unwillingness to speak , resulting in the absence or marked paucity of verbal output .
it is a common presenting symptom seen in various disorders , including psychiatric as well as medical disorders .
though , it often is the main focus of clinical attention , both for the pati... | mutism , defined as an inability or unwillingness to speak , resulting in an absence or marked paucity of verbal output , is a common clinical symptom seen in psychiatric as well as neurology outpatient department .
it rarely presents as an isolated disability and often occurs in association with other disturbances i... |
normal vaginal delivery ( nvd ) is a god 's gift to human reproduction from the very beginning of mankind on earth till now .
nvd on term will lead to the best results and it has been one of the goals of usa for the past 25 years , while cesarean without indication , compared with nvd , has a lot of hazardous outcome... | background : many factors have been mentioned to influence decision - making for different kinds of delivery . decision - making for vaginal delivery is under the influence of culture , perceptions , beliefs , values , attitudes , personalities , and knowledge .
the current study aims at exploring the determinants of... |
echinococcosis has a worldwide distribution . in cystic echinococcosis , humans are an accidental host and are usually infected after handling an infected dog .
rarely occurrences of primary cysts in kidneys have been reported , with the consequent finding of jellylike hydatid material in the urine.1 few cases of glo... | renal involvement , which can rarely occur in echinococcosis , more commonly manifests as hydatid cyst of the kidney . scattered case reports of nephrotic syndrome secondary to hydatid cyst in the liver or lung
have been reported for over two decades . the glomerular picture varied from minimal change lesion to mesan... |
panax ginseng meyer is an important medicinal herb that is widely cultivated in korea , china , and japan .
the root has been used as a drug for over 2000 years in oriental countries .
ginsenosides are the major pharmacologically active components in p. ginseng . more than 30 types of ginsenosides have been identi... | an efficient in vitro protocol has been established for somatic embryogenesis and plantlet conversion of korean wild ginseng ( panax ginseng meyer ) . wild - type and mutant adventitious roots derived from the ginseng produced calluses on murashige and skoog ( ms ) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg / l 2,4-dichlorophe... |
the incidence of duodenal atresia has been estimated at 1 in 6000 - 1 in 10,000 live births .
duodenal atresia is thought to result from problems during embryo 's development , in which the duodenum does not normally change from a solid to a tube - like structure .
we present here a case , which queries the embroyo... | classically , embryology of duodenal atresia has been linked to defect in recanalization process , while apple - peal atresia of small bowel has been considered as due to vascular accident during embryonic life .
we present a 33 week preterm neonate with duodenal atresia with the apple - peal appearance of proximal j... |
renal tubular acidosis , first described in 1935 , is a broad term applied to various transport defects in kidney .
it includes two major forms , failure to absorb bicarbonate in proximal tubule ( proximal renal tubular acidosis or prta ) or inability to secrete hydrogen ion in distal tubule ( distal renal tubular ac... | distal renal tubular acidosis is a syndrome of abnormal urine acidification and is characterized by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis , hypokalemia , hypercalciurea , nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis . despite the presence of persistent hypokalemia , acute muscular paralysis is rarely encountered in males . here
... |
one of the most serious complications of mitral valve replacement ( mvr ) is the left ventricular ( lv ) rupture and pseudoaneurysm formation , which is rare but potentially lethal.14 according to the time of the lv rupture , it is classified into three categories : early ; delayed ; and late ruptures .
early types a... | one of the most serious complications of mitral valve replacement is left ventricular rupture and pseudoaneurysm formation , which is rare but potentially lethal .
we herein present a late type of post mitral valve replacement and coronary artery bypass surgery pseudoaneurysm in a 74-year - old female , who was admit... |
we conducted a case - control study nested within the camden study ( 12 ) , a prospective cohort study of pregnancy outcome and complications in young , generally healthy women residing in one of the poorest cities in the continental u.s .
the institutional review board at the university of medicine and dentistry of ... | objectivewe investigated the relationship between maternal circulating fatty acids ( fas ) and dietary fa intake in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus ( gdm ; n = 49 ) , women with hyperglycemia less severe than gdm ( impaired glucose challenge test [ gct ] non - gdm ; n = 80 ) , and normal control subje... |
the asymmetric distribution and localized translation of mrnas control the expression of many proteins in a wide range of cells and tissues .
well - known examples include maternal determinants of embryo patterning and asymmetric fates in drosophila oocytes , such as bicoid , oskar ( osk ) , gurken ( grk ) , and nano... | loss of the rna - binding protein bicaudal - c ( bicc1 ) provokes renal and pancreatic cysts as well as ectopic wnt/-catenin signaling during visceral left - right patterning .
renal cysts are linked to defective silencing of bicc1 target mrnas , including adenylate cyclase 6 ( ac6 ) .
rna binding of bicc1 is media... |
a 27-year - old woman , gravida 2 , para 0 , was referred to the gynecology department at our institution with a history of seven week amenorrhea and slight vaginal bleeding of two day duration .
the patient had no history of pelvic inflammatory disease , intrauterine device use , abdominal surgery , or treatment for... | interstitial ectopic pregnancy is a rare condition of pregnancy and may be very dangerous if not identified and treated urgently .
we report a case of successful treatment of an interstitial pregnancy using selective uterine artery embolization .
a 27-year - old woman with interstitial pregnancy was treated by uter... |
osteoblastoma is a rare primary benign neoplasm comprising less than 1% of primary tumors of bone .
the age of presentation ranges between 3 and 70 years with approximately 90% of patients diagnosed before the age of 30 years .
about 32% of patients develop in the posterior elements of the spine , 12% in the femur ... | a rare bone tumor of 3rd metacarpal bone in a male child aged 2 years is being described . the patent presented with a gradually increasing , painful swelling over the dorsum of right hand which radiologically revealed an expansile , radioluscent mass , in 3rd metacarpal shaft with cortical destruction .
the clinic -... |
androgenetic alopecia ( aga ) or male pattern baldness ( mbp ) , characterized by frontal and vertex scalp hair loss , commonly affects males from third decade onwards .
it can have a significant adverse effect on quality of life and its prevalence in asian men is probably higher than often suspected .
aga has been... | background : androgenetic alopecia ( aga ) or male pattern baldness ( mpb ) has been found to be associated with the risk of coronary artery disease ( cad ) .
the well - known risk factors are family history of cad , hypertension , increased body mass index ( bmi ) , central obesity , hyperglycemia , and dyslipidemia... |
in the recent times , violence against women is an emerging problem both in the developed and developing countries , with the world health organization ( who ) declaring domestic violence as a
according to the who , globally more than one - third of women are suffering physical and sexual violence , with a lifetime p... | background : violence against women is an emerging problem worldwide and more so in india . considering its adverse effects on women 's health , assessing
the burden of violence in the community will help in planning services for the victims.objectives:to determine the prevalence of domestic violence and to identify ... |
laryngeal mask airway ( lma ) is a commonly used supraglottic airway device for conduct of anesthesia in children .
adequate depth of anesthesia is essential during insertion of lma to obtund the hemodynamic responses and airway reflexes .
lighter plane of anesthesia during lma insertion can lead to airway complica... | background and aims : it is not known whether trapezius squeeze test ( tpz ) is a better clinical test than jaw thrust ( jt ) to assess laryngeal mask airway ( lma ) insertion conditions in children under sevoflurane anesthesia.material and methods : after the institutional ethics committee approval and written informe... |
daptomycin is licensed in the usa and europe for the treatment of complicated skin and soft tissue infections caused by gram - positive organisms , including both susceptible and resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus , at a dose of 4 mg / kg daily .
additionally , it had been licensed for the treatment of variou... | there is an increasing prevalence of urinary tract infection ( uti ) caused by multiresistant gram - negative enteric bacilli such as extended - spectrum beta - lactamase as well as gram - positive enterococci whose vancomycin - resistance can be as high as 25% .
we report on a 68-year - old caucasian female with a u... |
periodontal surgical preparation may be required for specific problems in restorative dentistry such as subgingival caries , crown fracture , and inadequate crown length.1 crown lengthening is often necessary to provide adequate room for crown preparation and reestablishment of the biologic width between the crown marg... | this clinical case describes a treatment approach that combines , in a single appointment , a crown lengthening procedure and the final crown preparation for the restoration of a severely decayed tooth .
this approach allows for a more accurate placement of the crown margin in relation to the bone crest while reducin... |
it has a peak incidence between 10 and 14 year of age and only 30% of all osteosarcomas occur in individuals aged > 40 .
osteosarcoma is a rare disease , with an annual incidence rate of approximately 4.4 per 10 for people aged 024 years .
several subtypes of osteosarcoma can be distinguished , of which conventiona... | osteosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumour , for which no improvement in survival rate has been made since the nineteen seventies .
we set out to systemically identify the in vitro studies performed in the past two decades describing potential future therapies .
strikingly , we obtained a total of 5282 pubmed ... |
central pontinemyelinolysis ( cpm ) is a demyelinative lesion in the central pons , initially described by adams et al .
cpm is predominantly the lesion of basis pontis , but when the pathological process also involves extrapontine site it is called as osmotic demyelination syndrome ( ods ) .
a 50-year - old lady h... | central pontinemyelinolysis ( cpm ) is one of the rare non - inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the pons and very rarely it can involve extrapontine structure as well .
the exact etiopathogenesis of this condition is still unclear .
rapid correction of hyponatremia has been attributed as a most common factor , ... |
the cultural groups that make up the pacific islander and asian american communities are often grouped together and considered as a single homogeneous entity . in reality , these communities are diverse in language , culture , and history .
such differences can influence access to health information , health maintena... | backgroundeducational interventions are grounded on scientific data and assumptions about the community to be served .
while the pan asian community is composed of multiple , ethnic subgroups , it is often treated as a single group for which one health promotion program will be applicable for all of its cultural subg... |
adrenal cysts have been described previously in the literature , but are an infrequently occurring lesion . in 1951 , wahl cited a necropsy incidence of 9 in 13,996 ( 0.064% ) and a more recent study by neri , et al cited an incidence of 14 or 19,906 ( 0.07% ) ( 1,2 ) .
most of these lesions are found incidentally ; ... | giant adrenal cysts are an infrequent encounter in surgical practice . in this article
we discuss a case of a 66 year old woman who presented with increasing abdominal girth and was subsequently found to have a large retroperitoneal mass on computed tomography ( ct ) scan .
after a thorough endocrine work up was co... |
patients with epilepsy , a chronic neurological disease with seizure episodes , are exposed to a wide range of psychosocial experiences far more disabling than the disease itself .
the psychosocial aspects of epilepsy include a high rate of psychotic reactions , mood disorders , and suicide .
epileptic patients exp... | background : epilepsy exposes patients to many physical , social , and emotional challenges .
thus , it seems to portray a complex picture and needs holistic care .
medical treatment and psychosocial part of epilepsy remain central to managing and improving the patient 's qualify of life through team efforts .
so... |
since its inception , vessel sealing with ultrasonic devices has been recognized as having many advantages over conventional electrosurgery.1 the purely mechanical action of the ultrasonic end effector eliminates the passage of any current to or through the patient , reducing the risk of nerve damage.2 hemostasis is ac... | backgroundultrasonic surgical devices have been demonstrated to provide excellent hemostasis , efficient transection , minimal lateral thermal damage , low smoke generation , and no risk of electrical current passage to the patient .
these benefits originate from the inherent characteristics of the ultrasonic mechani... |
the campus health service at the university of arizona is located on campus in pima county .
the average yearly enrollment during 19982006 of 36,000 was used for calculating case rates for all students ( 5 ) .
campus health medical charts for january 1 , 1998 , through december 31 , 2006 , were reviewed for serol... | to compare coccidioidomycosis case rates among groups of young adults in a disease - endemic region , we reviewed medical charts for serologic testing and coding .
case rates were higher for scholarship athletes than for other students and paralleled 5 more serologic testing .
our findings underscore the need to ro... |
gastrointestinal cancers are still a leading cause of death worldwide . gastric cancer ( gc ) and colorectal cancer ( crc )
have ranked third and fourth among the most common causes of cancer death , despite advances of surgical resection , chemotherapy , and molecular targeted therapy 1,2 .
although application of... | cancer immunotherapy is at dawn of the renaissance after the medieval dark ages .
recent advances of understanding tumor immunology and molecular drug development are leading us to the epoch of cancer immunotherapy .
some types of immunotherapy have shown to provide survival benefit for patients with solid tumors s... |
to give a conceptual overview of multivariate analysis we can picture a very simple situation : a hypothetical data set for 50 human participants , where only three regions , denoted as voxels ( = 3-dimensional pixels in figure 1 ) in the brain were measured .
the general aim of multivariate analysis is to identify t... | multivariate analysis techniques for neuroimaging data have recently received increasing attention as they have many attractive features that can not be easily realized by the more commonly used univariate , voxel - wise , techniques1,5,6,7,8,9 .
multivariate approaches evaluate correlation / covariance of activation... |
in the previous issue of critical care , peris and coworkers demonstrate that trauma patients experience fewer future symptoms of post - traumatic stress disorder ( ptsd ) and a ( nonsignificant ) reduction in the prevalence of anxiety and depression if they receive psychological intervention whilst in the intensive ca... | experiencing treatment on a modern intensive care unit ( icu ) is a potentially traumatic event .
people who experience traumatic events have an increased risk of depression , anxiety disorders and post - traumatic stress disorder ( ptsd ) . extended follow - up has confirmed that many patients suffer physical and ps... |
evacetrapib is a potent , selective inhibitor of cholesteryl ester transfer protein ( cetp ) and has demonstrated ability to inhibit cetp activity , increase high - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( hdl - c ) , and decrease low - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldl - c ) .
aggressive lowering of ldl - c has been sh... | purpose : to determine the effect of a high - fat meal on evacetrapib exposure at steady state in healthy participants.methods:this was a randomized , 2-period , 2-sequence , open - label , crossover study .
patients were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 treatment sequences in which they received evacetrapib 130 mg / ... |
homocysteine was discovered by serendipity in 1934 as a byproduct of the digestion of methionine with hydriodic acid , a procedure used then for the determination of protein methionine .
the determination of hcy has gained high interest within the biomedical community over recent years as it is a major biomarker for ... | we propose chlorpromazine ( chp ) as a new mediator for the rapid , sensitive , and highly selective voltammetric determination of homocysteine ( hcy ) using multiwall carbon nanotube paste electrode ( mwcntpe ) .
the experimental results showed that the carbon nanotube paste electrode has a highly electrocatalytic a... |
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is a disease state characterized by the presence of airflow obstruction due to chronic bronchitis or emphysema .
the airflow obstruction generally progress slowly and accompanied by airway hyper - reactivity to hypoxia ( wietzenblum et al 1984 ; marshall and marshall 198... | the purpose of this investigation was to assess the effects of acute hypoxia on left ( lv ) and right ventricular ( rv ) contractility in clinically stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) patients .
eleven male patients ( mean age 52.4 12.6 years ) who were diagnosed to have copd were included into th... |
since the completion of the human genome project , it is increasingly recognized that the phenotypes of many inherited disorders are often not predictable from genome sequence - based analysis , and the pathogenesis of disease is often the result of complex interaction between gene and environment .
a fundamental cha... | in the post - genomic era , a pressing challenge to biological scientists is to understand the organization of gene functions , the interaction between gene and nutrient environment , and the genesis of phenotypes .
metabolomics , the quantitation of low molecular weight compounds , has been used to provide a phenoty... |
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is a major cause of morbidity , disability , and mortality worldwide.1 patients with advanced copd are often hospitalized for acute respiratory failure and may require invasive mechanical ventilation , which is associated with high inhospital mortality rates ranging from 6... | backgroundthere are data to suggest that anemia is associated with increased mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) . in contrast , critically ill patients with low hemoglobin levels ( 4.35.5
mmol / l , 7.09.0 g / dl ) in general do not appear to have a worsened clinical outcome .
... |
zno is one of the most important wide band gap ( 3.37 at room temperature ) semiconductors because of its promising potential applications in room temperature uv lasers , sensors , solar cells , transparent electrodes , and piezoelectric actuators . in recent years , regulating the shape of semiconductor nanostructures... | we were successful in synthesizing periodic layered zinc acetate nanobelts through a hydrothermal solution process .
one - dimensional structured zno nanoparticle aggregate was obtained by simple thermal annealing of the above - mentioned layered zno acetate nanobelts at 300 c .
the morphology , microstructure , an... |
the presentation of this technological hazard may range from a mild socio - personal distress to a gross disorganization in behavior and self - care .
we reported a case of two brothers , diagnosed with internet gaming addiction , who showed grossly disorganized behavior and severely compromised self - care .
the c... | introduction : the internet is considered a beneficial tool in research , communication , and information .
still , its excessive and prolonged use has the potential of causing addiction .
the presentation of this technological hazard may range from a mild socio - personal distress to a gross disorganization in beh... |
alpha-1 acid glycoprotein ( agp ; also known as orosomucoid ) is one of the most heavily glycosylated proteins in human plasma , with approximately 45% of its 44 kda molecular weight being contributed by n - linked glycans .
these glycans cluster on the n - terminal half of the 183 amino acid agp polypeptide chain a... | alpha-1 acid glycoprotein ( agp ) is a highly glycosylated , negatively charged plasma protein suggested to have anti - inflammatory and/or immunomodulatory activities .
purification of agp could be simplified if methods that exploit its high solubility under chemically harsh conditions could be demonstrated to leave... |
schwannoma is a neurogenic tumor arising from nerve sheaths of peripheral and cranial nerves , where it originates from schwann cells which are embedded in the neurilemal sheath as a multinucleated syncytial network .
resulting symptoms include sore throat , odynophagia , dysphagia , dyspnea , stridor , etc . , and
... | schwannomas are rare neurogenic tumors derived from the schwann cells .
their laryngeal location is uncommon and the diagnosis is difficult .
we report a case of a 17-year - old female who presented with symptoms of intermittent breathlessness mimicking acute attacks of bronchial asthma and resulted in delayed diag... |
painful bladder syndrome / interstitial cystitis ( pbs / ic ) is diagnosed if a patient complains of chronic pelvic pain , pressure , or discomfort that is perceived to be related to the urinary bladder and these symptoms are accompanied by at least one other urinary symptom , such as a persistent urge to void or high ... | purposeto evaluate the outcome of fulguration of hunner 's ulcers ( hus ) in painful bladder syndrome / interstitial cystitis ( pbs / ic ) that is refractory to conservative treatment.materials and methodspatients diagnosed with refractory pbs / ic and treated with fulguration between 2011 and 2013 were identified thro... |
jagged1-fc ( r&d systems ) was plated at 5 g / ml in pbs overnight to coat culture dish surfaces , followed by pbs washes .
recombinant thbs4 ( 3 g / ml , c. eroglu ) , dapt ( 5 m , tocris ) , dbz ( 5 nm , millipore ) were freshly added to culture medium every other day during in vitro differentiation where indicated... | postnatal / adult neural stem cells ( nscs ) within the rodent subventricular / subependymal zone ( svz / sez ) generate doublecortin ( dcx)+ neuroblasts that migrate and integrate into olfactory bulb circuitry1,2 .
continuous production of neuroblasts is controlled by svz microenvironmental niche3,4 .
it is genera... |
epidemiological studies have shown that air pollution poses the greatest human health risks to the young and elderly and those with chronic cardiovascular disease , asthma , or influenza [ 16 ] .
air pollution is most prevalent in largely populated urban areas such as cities with high - density traffic that consequen... | diesel exhaust emission is a major health concern because of the complex nature of its gaseous content ( e.g. , no2 , no , co , and co2 ) and high concentration of particulate matter ( pm ) less than 2.5 m which allows for deeper penetration into the human pulmonary system upon inhalation .
the aim of this research ... |
protein misfolding
and aggregation and the subsequent formation
of amyloid fibrils is established as part of the pathology of over
40 human diseases , including creutzfeldt - jakob disease , parkinson s disease , dialysis related amyloidosis , type ii diabetes , huntington s disease , and alzheimer s
disease ( ... | the presence of amyloid plaques composed
of amyloid beta ( a )
fibrils is a hallmark of alzheimer s disease ( ad ) .
the a
peptide is present as several length variants with two common alloforms
consisting of 40 and 42 amino acids , denoted a140 and a142 , respectively .
while there have
been numerous rep... |
the tremendous range of protein concentrations in living systems presents the greatest barrier to comprehensive proteome analysis .
low abundance proteins are difficult to detect in the presence of much more abundant proteins , particularly in shotgun proteome analyses using liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectr... | the complexity of cell and tissue proteomes presents one of the most significant technical challenges in proteomic biomarker discovery . multidimensional liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry ( lcms / ms)-based shotgun proteomics can be coupled with selective enrichment of cysteinyl peptides ( cys - peptides ) ... |
endoscopic submucosal dissection ( esd ) has been accepted as an established procedure for superficial esophageal neoplasms.1 although the most important advantage of esd is its effectiveness in resecting lesions regardless of size , postoperative stricture occasionally becomes a problem after esd for large lesions , e... | a 53-year - old man was suspected of having an esophageal neoplasm . an endoscopic examination including lugol chromoendoscopy suggested an esophageal squamous cell neoplasm limited to the lamina propria .
a targeted biopsy showed atypical squamous cells , and an endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed 22 days... |
the control of disease activity before conception and during pregnancy is of paramount importance to optimize both maternal and fetal health .
generally , if the disease is inactive at the time of conception and during pregnancy , the fetal outcome of an ibd patient is similar to that observed in the general populati... | inflammatory bowel disease ( ibd ) frequently affects young patients of childbearing age .
treatments for inflammatory bowel disease include immunosuppressive , cytotoxic and surgical therapies .
azathioprine is frequently used to treat patients with steroid dependent ibd .
we report the case of a patient with ul... |
this is an ongoing translational study performed at the university of michigan health system ( umhs ) and the ann arbor veterans affairs ( aava ) hospital and has been reviewed and approved by their respective institutional review boards .
bone was obtained from 17 patients with a clinical diagnosis of diabetic osteo... | objectiveosteomyelitis in the diabetic foot is a major risk factor for amputation , but there is a limited understanding of early - stage infection , impeding limb - preserving diagnoses .
we hypothesized that bone composition measurements provide insight into the early pathophysiology of diabetic osteomyelitis.resea... |
in the usa , oral and pharyngeal cancer ( opc ) ranks as the 4th leading cancer site in black men , and the 6th most common site in white men .
opcs are twice as frequent in men as compared with women and currently are estimated to occur in over 35,000 americans each year , which is an increase over the three previou... | sixty - four standardized continuing education courses were given for dentists throughout the ten public health districts of the usa to determine if certain behaviors regarding oral and pharyngeal cancer ( opc ) control could be modified .
questionnaires were obtained at baseline and at 6 months along with matched co... |
dyke - davidoff - masson syndrome ( ddms ) , reported first in 1933 refers to atrophy or hypoplasia of one cerebral hemisphere ( hemi atrophy ) , which is usually due to an insult to the developing brain in fetal or early childhood period .
age of presentation depends on the time of neurologic insult , and characteri... | dyke - davidoff - masson syndrome ( ddms ) refers to atrophy or hypoplasia of one cerebral hemisphere , due to an insult to the developing brain in fetal or early childhood period .
age of presentation depends on the time of neurologic insult , and characteristic changes may be seen only in adolescence .
male gende... |
the treatment for chronic hepatitis c ( chc ) has been revolutionized by the advent of interferon ( ifn)-free direct - acting antivirals ( daas ) , which show unprecedented safety , tolerability and efficacy profiles .
patients with chc and end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) who are dialysis - dependent form a unique... | abstractbackground and aims : patients with chronic hepatitis c ( chc ) and end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) who are dialysis - dependent form a unique group , in which safety , tolerability and efficacy of sofosbuvir ( sof)-based direct - acting antivirals ( daas ) need further evaluation.methods : we performed a re... |
coronaviruses are enveloped positive - stranded rna viruses of veterinary and medical importance that are associated mainly with respiratory and enteric infections ( 1 , 2 ) .
some animal coronaviruses have long been known to cause severe diseases . in humans , however , it was long believed that coronaviruses cause ... | abstractthe recent emergence of a novel human coronavirus ( hcov - emc ) in the middle east raised considerable concerns , as it is associated with severe acute pneumonia , renal failure , and fatal outcome and thus resembles the clinical presentation of severe acute respiratory syndrome ( sars ) observed in 2002 and 2... |
anaplastic thyroid carcinoma ( atc ) represents the most aggressive extreme of the clinical spectrum of thyroid epithelial neoplasms , being one of the most lethal human tumors .
it constitutes less than 5% of clinically recognized thyroid malignancies but it accounts for more than half of the deaths for thyroid canc... | anaplastic thyroid carcinoma ( atc ) is the most aggressive form of thyroid cancer .
it shows a wide spectrum of morphological presentations and the diagnosis could be challenging due to its high degree of dedifferentiation .
molecular and genetic features of atc are widely heterogeneous as well and many efforts ha... |
cyclo - oxygenase ( cox)-2 is the key enzyme in arachidonic acid metabolism resulting in prostaglandin production , and is induced by several factors , such as growth factors , cytokines , and tumor promoters .
it is thus an inducible enzyme responsible for prostaglandin production at sites of inflammation and is inv... | backgroundcelecoxib , a cyclo - oxygenase ( cox)-2 inhibitor , has been reported to mediate growth inhibitory effects and to induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines . in this study , we examined the potential effects of celecoxib on glioma cell proliferation , migration , and inhibition of cox-2 expression in vit... |
forms of neural plasticity are expressed by many neurons in central auditory structures and are believed to sculpt the neural changes that underlie the development of tinnitus and hyperacusis associated with hearing loss [ 1 , 2 ] . examples of neural changes attributed to neural plasticity in animal models include upr... | age and hearing - level matched tinnitus and control groups were presented with a 40 hz am sound using a carrier frequency of either 5 khz ( in the tinnitus frequency region of the tinnitus subjects ) or 500 hz ( below this region ) . on attended blocks subjects pressed a button after each sound indicating whether a... |
the symptoms that compose the hand - arm vibration syndrome ( havs ) have previously been extensively described and are referred to as mainly vascular , neurological and muscular ( chetter et al .
the most prominent symptoms are made up of vascular and peripheral neurological disorders ( i.e. , sensorineural ) , wher... | objectives
the aim of the present study was to investigate the possible increase in hand tremor in relation to hand - arm vibration ( hav ) exposure in a cohort of exposed and unexposed workers.methodsparticipants were 178 male workers with or without exposure to hav .
the study is cross - sectional regarding the o... |
we evaluated the potential cancer risk to adults from ingesting polychlorinated biphenyls ( pcbs ) in fish and shellfish using an equilibrium partitioning model of pcb bioaccumulation in the aquatic animal .
estimated potential cancer risk to humans increased exponentially with increasing hydrophobicity of the pcb . ... | |
urolithiasis denotes stones originating anywhere in the urinary tract , including the kidneys and bladder . however , the pathophysiologic bases for the formation of kidney and bladder stones are entirely different .
kidney stones form as a result of physicochemical or genetic derangements leading to supersaturation ... | the present study was done to evaluate the antiurolithiatic activity of ethanolic extract of roots ( elc 200 mg / kg ) and oleanolic acid ( oa 60 mg / kg , o.a .
80 mg / kg , o.a .
100 mg / kg ) isolated from roots of lantana camara in albino wistar male rats using zinc disc implantation induced urolithiatic mo... |
patients treated in an intensive care unit ( icu ) tend to have reduced intestinal motility
due to various drug treatments ( opioid and sedative agents , etc . ) , inflammation , metabolism ,
pain , anxiety , and bed rest , resulting in a higher risk for postoperative bowel
obstruction1 .
reduced intestinal
m... | [ purpose ] it is important to facilitate intestinal motility in patients with reduced
bowel movement through physiotherapy .
the purpose of the present study was to compare the
effects of passive exercise of the lower limbs and trunk ( pelt ) and combination therapies
( com ) with those of conventional thermot... |
dental appearance is considered an important feature in determining the attractiveness of a face ; thus , it influences human social interactions.1,2 the smile , in particular , plays a significant part in determining a first impression of an individual.3 different factors affect the overall smile and esthetic , includ... | aimthe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of education on the perception of female college students on the effect of lip position and gingival display upon smiling and esthetics.methodsa photograph of a smiling subject was altered to show varying degrees of gingival display .
female students , who were s... |
several factors can influence the degree of polymerization of resin cements , namely , porcelain shade and thickness4 , light - curing unit ( lcu ) and curing time12 .
dual - cured resin luting agents are usually chosen based on the best combination of mechanical and physical properties when the efficacy of light act... | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the knoop hardness of a dual - cured resin - based luting cement irradiated with different light sources as well energy density through a ceramic sample .
three light - curing unit ( lcus ) were tested : tungsten halogen light ( hal ) , light - emitting diode ( led ) and xeno... |
csm is one of the most frequently encountered disorders of the neurological system in the elderly population .
conventional single - door cervical laminoplasty ( cl ) , designed by hirabayashi in 1977 , has been widely used for treating csm . in the cl method ,
the laminae are left open by stay sutures placed bet... | backgroundpostoperative axial symptoms ( post - as ) after single - door cervical laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy ( csm ) are a common and severe complication that adversely affects normal daily activities .
their etiology remains unclear .
it is important to know which preoperative factors are the... |
cell death is a crucial process in ontogeny , homeostasis , and pathologies [ 1 , 2 ] . over
the cells die by apoptosis , a physiological and regulated cell death process which is tolerogenic and partially inflammatory , or necroptosis , a pathological and regulated cell death process , which is inherently immunogeni... | under stress conditions , cells in living tissue die by apoptosis or necrosis depending on the activation of the key molecules within a dying cell that either transduce cell survival or death signals that actively destroy the sentenced cell .
multiple extracellular ( ph , heat , oxidants , and detergents ) or intrace... |
over the past 20 years , our laboratory has identified more than 600 families of established and putative transport systems ( busch and saier 2002 ; saier 2000 ) , which are described and tabulated in the transporter classification database ( tcdb http://www.tcdb.org ) ( saier et al .
these families have been define... | the atp - binding cassette ( abc ) superfamily consists of both importers and exporters .
these transporters have , by tradition , been classified according to the atp hydrolyzing constituents , which are monophyletic .
the evolutionary origins of the transmembrane porter proteins / domains are not known . using fi... |
a 6-year - old boy ( 26 kg/108 cm ) was scheduled for a pre- and post - contrast magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) of the thorax . he had received chemotherapy followed by surgical resection for ganglioneuroblastoma in the left posterior mediastinum . he had made a complete recovery from the cancer in 2012 . from 2012... | a 6-year - old boy was scheduled for thoracic magnetic resonance imaging under deep sedation with midazolam 1.8 mg and propofol 100 g / kg / min via intravenous injection .
he showed emergence delirium in the post - anesthesia care unit .
the staff attempted to calm him by administering flumazenil as an antidote fo... |
the nurses health study ii ( nhs ii ) is an ongoing prospective cohort study of 116,678 female nurses aged 2544 years at study inception in 1989 ( 15 ) .
the participants are sent a biennial questionnaire regarding disease outcomes and lifestyle characteristics , such as smoking status , medication use , and physical... | objectivedietary protein is an important modulator of glucose metabolism .
however , studies regarding the association between dietary protein intake and gestational diabetes mellitus ( gdm ) risk are sparse .
this study was to examine the association.research design and methodsour study included 21,457 singleton p... |
bone morphogenetic proteins ( bmps ) are disulfide - linked dimeric proteins , produced as large precursor proteins ( reviewed in ) .
bmps can be further classified into several subgroups by their amino acid similarities . bmp-2 and bmp-4 have 83% amino acid sequence identity and are the best - studied members in the... | bone morphogenetic protein ( bmp-4 ) was shown to down - regulate melanogenesis , in part , by decreasing the level of tyrosinase [ yaar et al .
( 2006 ) jbc:281 ] .
results presented here show that bmp-4 down - regulated the protein levels of trp-1 , pkc- , and mci - r .
when paired cultures of human melanocytes... |
this study was designed as a retrospective review of data from a controlled , long - term multicenter study and was therefore exempted from an approval by the institutional review board of pusan national university hospital .
all patients were older than six years of age at the onset of symptoms and had no prior trea... | backgroundwithin the lateral pillar classification of the legg - calv - perthes ( lcp ) disease , hips seem quite variable in the pattern of fragmentation as seen in radiographs .
the purpose of this study was to determine : if it is possible to reliably subdivide the lateral pillar groups into femoral head fragmenta... |
genotype phenotype maps were classically derived from forward genetic screens , in which random mutations introduced into a genome yielded interesting phenotypes .
the mutations were localized within the genome , and then the corresponding genes were identified , a process that could take months to years . reverse g... | progress in dna - sequencing technologies has provided a catalogue of millions of dna variants in the human population , but characterization of the functional effects of these variants has lagged far behind .
for example , sequencing of tumor samples is driving an urgent need to classify whether or not mutations see... |
health - care technologies ( hcts ) are an integral part of health - care delivery globally and play an important role in any country s health - care system .
low - income countries ( lics ) such as zimbabwe do not have the resources to develop health technologies de novo , hence use technologies developed elsewhere ... | introductionhealth - care technologies ( hcts ) play an important role in any country s health - care system .
zimbabwe s health - care system uses a lot of hcts developed in other countries .
however , a number of local factors have affected the absorption and use of these technologies .
we therefore set out to ... |
the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is certainly complex and heterogeneous in nature , involving an interplay between innate and environmental factors [ 24 ] and genetic factors , notably the polymorphism of hla .
the epidemiology of this disease strongly indicates that it has emerged as a major neurologica... | multiple sclerosis ( ms ) with onset in childhood offers a unique opportunity to study the infectious background of this disease but the immune reactions against infectious agents in such children have only recently been investigated .
these and other epidemiological studies strongly implicate involvement of one or m... |
resistin , also known as found in inflammatory zone 3 ( fizz3 ) is an adipocyte - derived hormone known to promote insulin resistance , impair adipocyte differentiation , and to promote inflammation [ 15 ] and that was originally identified in rats as a protein secreted by adipocytes that is under the control of differ... | the adipokine resistin is an insulin - antagonizing factor that also plays a regulatory role in inflammation , immunity , food intake , and gonadal function and also regulates growth hormone ( gh ) secretion in rat adenopituitary cells cultures with the adipokine .
although adipose tissue is the primary source of res... |
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