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gabaa receptors ( gabaars ) are essential mediators of inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system and are critical for maintaining the correct balance of excitation and inhibition in the brain ( smith and kittler , 2010 ) .
gabaergic synapses undergo extensive synaptic plasticity that alters the stren... | summaryeffective inhibitory synaptic transmission requires efficient stabilization of gabaa receptors ( gabaars ) at synapses , which is essential for maintaining the correct excitatory - inhibitory balance in the brain .
however , the signaling mechanisms that locally regulate synaptic gabaar membrane dynamics remai... |
since their discovery in 1953 , human adenovirus strains ( hadvs ) have been classified into seven species ( a g ) .
hadvs are widely distributed5and cause a broad spectrum of clinical diseases , including febrile respiratory illness ( fri ) , pneumonia , conjunctivitis , gastroenteritis , cardiomyopathy , and urina... | objectiveshuman adenovirus ( hadv ) type 14 had been infrequently associated with outbreaks of febrile respiratory illness ( fri ) until the hadv-14p1 emerged in 2006 and rapidly spread in the united states . here ,
we report an outbreak of fri caused by hadv-14p1 that occurred in 2011 at a primary and middle school ... |
most commonly , hantaviruses are transmitted to humans via aerosols of infectious excreta ( urine , feces , saliva ) from chronically infected wild rodents ( 6 ) .
the old world hantaviruses are most often associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome ( hfrs ) , while the new world hantaviruses cause hantavir... | we report the first detection of seoul hantavirus ( seov)-specific antibodies in the wild brown rat population in the netherlands .
seov - reactive antibodies were found in three rats out of 16 in a repeated series of tests including immunofluorescence assay , immunoblot , and enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay .
... |
brugada syndrome ( bs ) is a fatal inherited arrhythmogenic disease due to syncope , ventricular arrhythmia , and sudden death .
the type 1 pattern which is considered as a bs has a coved st - segment elevation 2 mm followed by a down - sloping concave or rectilinear st - segment with a negative t wave .
the type 2... | coved - type st - segment elevation in the right precordial leads are the characteristics of brugada syndrome , an inherited arrhythmogenic ion channel disease , which could lead to ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death .
hypokalemia alone may induce type 1 brugada pattern electrocardiogram ( ekg ) , and the associ... |
it is the 10th anniversary of the mailing of the anthrax spores , a tragic event that resulted in five deaths , seventeen other known infections , and untoward fear among the population .
the cleanup is estimated to have cost $ 1 billion . what have we learned and accomplished in the interim
of course , one can no... | abstractin the fall of 2001 , bacillus anthracis spores were spread through letters mailed in the united states .
twenty - two people are known to have been infected , and five of these individuals died .
together with the september 11 attacks , this resulted in a reevaluation of the risks and benefits of life sci... |
these patients may develop dyspnea , stridor , intractable cough , hemorrhage , atelectasis , or postobstructive pneumonia , or a combination of the aforementioned manifestations because of tracheobronchial tumor extension ( 1 ) .
these patients are poor surgical candidates judged on the basis of either physiological... | malignant airway obstruction and hemoptysis are common in lung cancer patients .
recently , airway stent is commonly used to preserve airway in malignant airway obstruction .
hemoptysis can be managed through various methods including conservative treatment , endobronchial tamponade , bronchoscopic intervention , e... |
chronic diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity and contribute significantly to the overall health expenditures from both a societal perspective as well as an individual one .
common chronic diseases include heart disease , stroke , cancer , emphysema , diabetes , and osteoporosis .
furthermore , ... | background .
cancer and cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide .
the purpose of this meta - analysis is to synthesize the evidence evaluating the association between obesity and 13 cancers shown previously to be significantly associated with obesity . methods .
relevan... |
ion channels are integral membrane proteins that govern the passage of ions across cell membranes . encoded by approximately 400 ion channel genes in the human genome , this superfamily of membrane proteins
is involved in many important physiological functions such as the regulation of blood pressure , neurotransmiss... | the chembl database was mined to efficiently assemble an ion channel - focused screening library .
the compiled library consists of 3241 compounds representing 123 templates across nine ion channel categories .
compounds in the screening library are annotated with their respective ion channel category to facilitate... |
a 49-year - old woman diagnosed with stage iv ovarian cancer underwent extensive debulking surgery . due to the presence of right hydronephrosis , a right nephrostomy tube was inserted prior to the second surgery . during surgery ,
additional excision was performed because of ovarian tumor invasion of the bladder and... | ureteral fistula is a serious complication of abdomino - pelvic surgeries , often resulting in poor outcomes owing to lack of proper treatment .
we report the case of a 49-year - old woman who underwent placement of a silicone - covered ureteral occlusion stent in her right ureter for the management of ureteral leaka... |
much of current cancer research is focused
on exploring novel targets
and discovering new anticancer drugs . while the availability of new
molecules certainly offers hope to patients who do not respond to
existing drugs , development of each new molecule
many highly active drug candidates
have been shelved ... | several
promising anticancer drug candidates have been sidelined
owing to their poor physicochemical properties or unfavorable pharmacokinetics ,
resulting in high overall cost of drug discovery and development .
use of alternative formulation strategies that alleviate these issues
can help advance new molecu... |
on october 8 , 2015 , the case - patient in conakry , guinea , became ill with fever and appetite loss .
his brother - in - law , an evd survivor and nurse living in the same household , diagnosed malaria , but the case - patient did not respond to malaria treatment ; diarrhea , headache , and abdominal pain develope... | in october 2015 , a new case of ebola virus disease in guinea was detected .
case investigation , serology , and whole - genome sequencing indicated possible transmission of the virus from an ebola virus disease survivor to another person and then to the case - patient reported here .
this transmission chain over 1... |
the terms stunned myocardium and hibernating myocardium refer to abnormality in the systolic and diastolic function of the heart following reperfusion.1 in both abnormalities , myocardial contractility and relaxation are deteriorated , while the cardiac enzymes are still viable.2 in the hibernating myocardium , how... | the term stunned myocardium refers to abnormalities in the myocardial function following reperfusion and is common in on - pump coronary artery bypass grafting ( cabg ) and is exceedingly rare in off- pump cabg . a 53-year - old man presented with unstable angina due to the severe stenosis of the left anterior descen... |
a better understanding of the oral environment and cariology has resulted in extensive changes in caries management towards a more conservative approach .
the development of a caries lesion is now recognized as an imbalance in the demineralization and remineralization cycle .
many researchers are now investigating ... | to test the efficacy of two calcium phosphate pastes compared to that of fluoride toothpaste on remineralizing artificial caries in situ , this study had a double - blind crossover in situ design , involving three experimental phases of 14 days each , with an 8-day washout period between phases .
nine healthy subject... |
tonsil plays an important role in immune defense mechanism especially in the production of iga and regulation of secretory immunoglobulin production against many exogenous microorganisms .
it also protects from the invading pathogens as a part of waldeyer s ring , which is responsible for b- and t - cell activities i... | backgroundrecurrent tonsillitis is a common disease with marked evidence of affecting children quality of life ( qol ) such as their progression in school and increased burden to extended families .
the aim of this study was to compare the qol outcomes after conventional dissection tonsillectomy versus azithromycin t... |
it results from the developmental failure of the posterior nasal cavity ( choanae ) to communicate with the nasopharynx .
it is postulated to be secondary to an abnormality during the rupture of the buccopharyngeal membrane in the embryological period .
obstruction of the nasal airway may also result from turbinate... | objective . to illustrate the role of multislice computed tomography and local contrast instillation in the diagnosis and characterization of choanal atresia . to review the common associated radiological findings
. methods .
we analyzed 9 pediatric patients ( 5 males and 4 females ) with suspected choanal atresia ... |
systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by the production of plethora of autoantibodies which potentially drive immune - complex related inflammation in various tissues and organs .
breakdown of immune tolerance is believed to be one of the major mechanisms which triggers the production of autoantibodies by b c... | systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) is characterized by the production of a wide array of autoantibodies .
thus , the condition was traditionally classified as a
b - cell disease .
compelling evidence has however shown that without the assistance of the helper t lymphocytes , it is indeed difficult for the hel... |
during july 2007july 2011 , six patients from the mediterranean coast city of elche , spain , who had high fever and inoculation eschars received a diagnosis of infection with r. sibirica mongolitimonae ( table ) . for laboratory confirmation
, dna was extracted from eschars , lymph nodes ( fine - needle aspiration )... | human infection with rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae was initially reported in 1996 , and reports of a total of 18 cases have been published .
we describe 6 additional cases that occurred in the mediterranean coast region of spain during 20072011 .
clinicians should consider this infection in patients who have t... |
chondral lesions in the patellofemoral joint are the most common cause for acute pain at the anterior aspect of the knee .
when the fissure is located at the medial retro patellar aspect and a plica mediopatellaris exists , it is assumed that the fissure is caused by the plica as incision injury so that the removal o... | purposeto determine the value of the 2d multiple - echo data image combination ( medic ) sequence relative to the short - tau inversion recovery ( stir ) sequence regarding the depiction of chondral lesions in the patellofemoral joint.materials and methodsduring a period of 6 month patients with acute pain at the anter... |
the human vitreous humour ( vh ) is a transparent , highly - hydrated gel , which occupies the posterior segment of the eye between the lens and the retina .
it is comprised almost entirely of water ( 99% ) with the remainder consisting of a mixture of collagen fibres , hyaluronic acid , hyalocytes , inorganic salts ... | the human vitreous humour ( vh ) is a transparent , highly hydrated gel , which occupies the posterior segment of the eye between the lens and the retina .
physiological and pathological conditions of the retina are reflected in the protein composition of the vh , which can be sampled as part of routine surgical proc... |
the basic mechanism of bonding to enamel and dentin is essentially an exchange process involving replacement of minerals from the hard dental tissues with resin monomers , which , upon setting , become micro - mechanically interlocked in the created porosities.1 contemporary adhesives can be classified on the basis of ... | objectives : this in vitro study determined the effect of enamel pretreatment with phosphoric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ( edta ) on the bond strength of strong , intermediary strong , and mild self - etching adhesive systems.methods:ninety sound human premolars were used .
resin composite cylinders wer... |
for many years , surgery was the only conventional treatment for colorectal obstruction , with a price of high rates of mortality and morbidity .
surgical treatment options included decompressing colostomy or large bowel resection with or without a stoma .
however , since the introduction of colorectal stenting in ... | background and objectives : emergency surgery for large bowel obstruction is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates , especially in elderly patients .
colonic self - expanding metal stents may provide temporary relief of obstructions and enable preoperative evaluation .
the aim of this retrospective stu... |
prostate cancer ( pca ) is one of the most common cancers and the second most common cause of cancer - related death in men in the united states .
however , the age - adjusted incidence rate of pca in korea increased from 10.1 per 100,000 people in 2002 to 27.0 per 100,000 people in 2012 . according to the annual rep... | purposeto investigate the differences in the cancer detection rate and pathological findings on a second prostate biopsy according to benign diagnosis , high - grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia ( hgpin ) , and atypical small acinar proliferation ( asap ) on first biopsy.materials and methodswe retrospectively r... |
building and renovation measures can not only cause significant contamination of dust but can also liberate great amounts of fungal spores and therefore can pose the risk of invasive aspergillosis in severely immunocompromised patients with e.g. bone marrow or organ transplants and acute leukaemias , . in acute care ho... | background : construction and renovation work in hospitals pose risks of fungal airborne infections for immunosuppressed patients .
if possible , reconstruction work will be postponed to periods without patient treatment . however , in many situations urgent damage demands immediate refurbishment works before the tra... |
currently this genus includes only one validly published species named dermabacter hominis
, which was formerly known as the coryneform bacteria of the centers for disease control groups 3 and 5 , .
members of this genus are gram - positive , non spore forming , non acid fast , nonmotile , short rods , facultativ... | strain ff11 t was isolated from the wound on a researcher 's finger who had been bitten by a fish ( protopterus annectens ) in senegal .
analysis by matrix - assisted laser desorption / ionization time - of - flight mass spectrometry did not provide any identification , but the 16s rrna sequence exhibited 97.9% ident... |
rigid internal fixation with metallic materials is a standard technique , in use for the last 35 years and performed to align bone segments during healing periods .
rigid fixation methods have till now , relied almost exclusively upon metallic components because of their high strength and contourability .
however ,... | aims : the present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of biodegradable plating system for fixation of maxillofacial fractures and to study the morbidity associated with the use of biodegradable plates and screws.materials and methods : this prospective study consisted of 10 patients with maxillofacial fractu... |
brown adipose tissue ( bat ) is a kind of fat tissue different from white adipose tissue ( wat ) . in mammals
, bat has its function mainly in nonshivering thermogenesis , responsible for control of body temperature and regulation of energy balance .
bat is commonly found in human newborns and small mammals , and i... | brown adipose tissue ( bat ) is emerging as a potential target for treating human obesity .
it has been indicated that bat is rich in innervations of sympathetic nerve control . using 18f - fdg micropet imaging
, this study aims at evaluating how factors related to sympathetic activation / inhibition changed bat me... |
although intravenous thrombolysis has become a standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke in eligible patients , the recommendations for treating patients aged over 80 years are still a subject of debate .
many studies have revealed a higher mortality rate and lower favorable outcome rate in patients aged over 80 y... | higher mortality was found in very old patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous recombinant tissue - plasminogen activator ( rtpa ) as compared to younger patients .
the benefit of thrombolytic treatment in this particular subgroup is still a subject of debate .
the purpose of this study was to ... |
serum samples were obtained during a nationwide influenza vaccine serologic study in taiwan that started in 2006 .
children ( < 5 years of age ) , adults ( 2049 years of age ) , older adults ( 5074 years of age ) , and elderly adults ( > 75 years of age ) were recruited .
serum samples were obtained immediately bef... | we studied preexisting immunity to pandemic ( h1n1 ) 2009 virus in persons in taiwan .
a total of 18 ( 36% ) of 50 elderly adults in taiwan born before 1935 had protective antibodies against currently circulating pandemic ( h1n1 ) 2009 virus .
seasonal influenza vaccines induced antibodies that did not protect agai... |
nephrotic syndrome ( ns ) is a minimal - change disease ( mcd ) in about 90% of children younger than 10 years and in about 5070% of older children .
occasionally , however , ns is induced by self - limited renal diseases , such as infection - related glomerulonephritis ( irgn ) .
irgn is usually characterized by h... | nephrotic syndrome without hematuria due to infection - related glomerulonephritis is uncommon .
the present report describes a case of nephrotic syndrome due to infection - related glomerulonephritis without hematuria and hypertension in an older child .
a 14-year - old boy was referred to our hospital because of ... |
a 42-year - old man ( patient a ) was admitted on july 31 , 2000 , for a fever of 2 weeks duration .
he had had diabetes mellitus for 20 years and alcoholism for > 10 years . physical examination and
abdominal echography showed hepatomegaly and a huge abscess ( 12 cm x 10 cm x 8 cm ) over the right lobe of the live... | two diabetic patients with primary liver abscess , who initially responded unsatisfactorily to intravenous ceftriaxone or cefoxitin treatment and had abscess drainage , were found to be infected with a single clone of klebsiella pneumoniae with two different colonial morphotypes and resistotypes .
primary liver absce... |
the progression of hiv disease involves various stages characterized by changes in lymphocyte subsets and viral load .
after initial infection , an acute viremic stage occurs , which is accompanied by a rapid decline in the number of cd4 + t lymphocytes and a slow increase in cd8 counts . during the clinical latency ... | backgrounda polymerase chain reaction ( pcr)-based method for quantitating cd4 and cd8 mrna could provide a means of assessing immune status of aids patients and other immunologically compromised persons without requiring large blood draws , and could be exquisitely sensitive .
such a method would also be useful in a... |
private hospitals are unwilling to take emergency cases . government run primary and secondary care hospitals in india are still focused on vaccine preventable diseases , maternal child health , and at best provide the most basic first aid to trauma cases .
resuscitation , specialist care , and operative facilities a... | background : traditional approach to predicting trauma - related mortality utilizes scores based on anatomical , physiological , or a combination of both types of criteria .
however , several factors are reported in literature to predict mortality independent of severity scores .
the objectives of the study were to... |
there are more than 20 regulator of g - protein signaling ( rgs ) proteins , and rgs5 is a member of the r4/b subfamily ( 1 - 4 ) .
rgs proteins are components of g - protein ( guanine nucleotide binding protein ) coupled receptor ( gpcr ) complexes , and they act to shorten the duration of signaling resulting from l... | objective(s):an earlier meta - analysis on gene expression data derived from four microarray , two cdna library , and one sage experiment had identified rgs5 as one of only ten non - housekeeping genes that were reported to be expressed in human trabecular meshwork ( tm ) cells by all studies .
rgs5 encodes regulator... |
a healthy macula offers the most acute vision and is crucial to tasks with high visual demands . any disorder a macular hole or macular edema , for instance reduces visual acuity .
the success of the treatment for these conditions is often determined by the presenting thickness and depends on posttreatment thicknes... | purposeto record the normative values for macular thickness and macular volume in normal nepalese eyes.methodsin all , 126 eyes of 63 emmetropic subjects ( mean age : 21.176.76 years ; range : 1037 years ) were assessed for macular thickness and macular volume , using spectral domain - optical coherence tomography over... |
peripheral ossifying fibroma ( pof ) is a reactive soft tissue growth that is usually seen on the interdental papilla .
it may be pedunculated or broad based , usually smooth surfaced and varies from pale pink to cherry red in color .
it is believed to comprise about 9% of all gingival growths and to arise from the... | the gingiva is often the site of localized growths that are considered to be reactive rather than neoplastic in nature .
many of these lesions are difficult to be identified clinically and can be identified as specific entity only on the basis of typical and consistent histomorphology .
peripheral ossifying fibroma... |
impaired sitting balance is a common problem for stroke patients1 , yet a sitting position is essential for safe execution of a
variety of movements2 .
several interventions have been devised to improve balance , including task - oriented
training4 and treadmill training5 .
dean and shepherd demonstrated that
... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of task - oriented
training with whole body vibration ( wbv ) on the sitting balance of stroke patients .
[ subjects ] the subjects were 30 stroke patients who were randomly divided into
experimental ( n1=15 ) and control ( n2=15 ) groups . [ meth... |
lo sr decade in y emettendo particelle beta , con un tempo di dimezzamento pari a 28.5 anni ed una energia massima di emissione pari a 546 kev .
tale decadimento caratterizzato da un tempo di dimezzamento pari a 64.1 ore e da una energia massima di emissione pari a 2284 kev ( stamoulis et al . , 2007 ) .
caratteri... | 90sr is considered as a dangerous contaminant of agri - food supply chains due to its chemical affinity with calcium , which makes its absorption in bones easy .
90sr accumulation in raw materials and then in final products is particularly significant in relationship to its ability to transfer into animal source prod... |
tetanus is a disease characterized by hypertonia and muscular spasms due to the toxin tetanospasmin formed by clostridium tetani .
tetanus continues to be widespread , especially in the developing world though incidences have come down due to immunization .
we present a case of tetanus in a young girl which initial... | we report the case of a 15-year - old girl who was initially diagnosed to have a striatal toe .
her condition progressed and she later developed clinical features consistent with tetanus .
history of blunt trauma to nose was elicited retrospectively .
antimicrobial therapy with metronidazole and both active and p... |
so - called scent glands ( syn . defensive glands ) are not only considered an important synapomorphic character of all harvestmen ( opiliones ) , but also represent by far the largest exocrine system in this arachnid order . generally , these glands constitute paired sacs in the opilionid prosoma , opening onto the ... | the exocrine secretions from prominently developed prosomal scent glands in four species of the european laniatorean harvestman genus holoscotolemon ( laniatores , travunioidea , cladonychiidae ) were analyzed by gas chromatography
mass spectrometry .
two major alkaloidal compounds were detected : nicotine accounte... |
gene expression dynamics holds vital information about how a cell responds to environmental changes . in the case of an infecting microbe
, gene expression data could provide clinically relevant insights on how a pathogen adapts to the infection environment and causes damage to the host . in the past two decades , ge... | for most mammalian pathogens , gene expression profiling studies have been limited by technical difficulties to accurately quantify pathogen gene transcripts from infected tissues .
pathogen rna constitutes a tiny portion of the total rna isolated from infected tissue samples . both microarray and rnaseq technologies... |
although
it is textbook knowledge that the functions of biomacromolecules
are strongly coupled to their conformational motions and fluctuations , computer simulation of such motions has been
a challenge for decades .
typically , distinct
algorithms are employed to estimate equilibrium quantities ( e.g. ,
re... | equilibrium formally can be represented
as an ensemble of uncoupled
systems undergoing unbiased dynamics in which detailed balance is
maintained .
many nonequilibrium processes can be described by suitable
subsets of the equilibrium ensemble . here , we employ the weighted
ensemble ( we ) simulation proto... |
idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome ( he s ) is a condition of unknown origin characterized by clinical manifestations attributable to eosinophilia and eosinophilic infiltration of tissues .
cardiac involvement is rare and threatening accounting for 33% to 43% of death in he s .
management of pregnant patients wi... | abstractidiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome ( he s ) is a condition of unknown origin characterized by clinical manifestations attributable to eosinophilia and eosinophilic infiltration of tissues .
cardiac involvement is rare and threatening accounting for 33% to 43% of death in he s .
management of pregnant pat... |
chronic illness and chronic pain can have profound negative effects on relationship and sexual satisfaction of both patients and partners .
the effects of chronic illness on sexuality are multifactorial and have an impact on all phases of sexual response . sexual desire ,
arousal and activity may be altered by ... | chronic illness and chronic pain can have profound negative effects on relationship and sexual satisfaction , yet the influence of migraine on sexuality has not been previously evaluated . to assess sexual functions in subjects with migraine compared to those with no migraine .
we evaluated female university students... |
the institutional review board approved this study and did not require the approval of patients nor their informed consent for review of their images and records . from january 2002 to july 2004 , 303 women underwent breast mri examinations were initially considered for this study .
the primary inclusion criterion of... | objectiveto investigate the usefulness of targeted ultrasound ( us ) in the identification of additional suspicious lesions found by magnetic resonance ( mr ) imaging in breast cancer patients and the changes in treatment based on the identification of the lesions by the use of targeted us.materials and methodsone - hu... |
so the cells that are metabolically or physiologically active but can not be cultured on specific media are the viable but nonculturable cells ( vbnc ) .
in fact , less than 1% of the microorganisms in natural water and soil samples are cultured in viable count procedures . in 1982
, xu and coworkers introduced the... | the viable but nonculturable ( vbnc ) state is a unique survival strategy of many bacteria in the environment in response to adverse environmental conditions .
vbnc bacteria can not be cultured on routine microbiological media , but they remain viable and retain virulence .
the vbnc bacteria can be resuscitated whe... |
endodontically treated teeth restored with post and core face failure due to loosening of the post , fracture of the post or the root itself.1 the common post and core complications documented were post loosening ( 5% ) , root fracture ( 3% ) , caries ( 2% ) , and periodontal disease ( 2%).2 fracture of the coronal too... | a fractured coronal tooth structure beneath an intact crown is a common clinical occurrence .
if the underlying root is healthy , the tooth is restored with a post and core followed by refabrication of the crown .
this paper describes a technique of using the existing intact crown for the above - mentioned situatio... |
addition
of the carbon
fluorine bond of a series of perfluorinated
and polyfluorinated arenes across the mg mg bond of a simple
coordination complex proceeds rapidly in solution .
the reaction results
in the formation of a new carbon
magnesium bond and a new fluorine magnesium
bond and is analogous to... | |
this study was a controlled clinical trial aiming to compare the outcomes of open reduction and rigid internal fixation of displaced calcaneal fractures with that of non operative treatment .
the research proposal of this study was approved by research department of isfahan university of medical sciences .
from dec... | background : the aim of this study was to compare outcomes of open reduction and rigid internal fixation of displaced calcaneal fractures with that of non operative treatment.methods:seventy two consecutive patients with displaced intra - articular calcaneal fractures were selected regarding inclusive and exclusive cri... |
the presence of oral synechia along with cleft palate is a rare syndrome . we encountered a case of cleft palate accompanied by congenital lateral oral synechia
the infant was delivered normally at full term with a low birth weight of 1,750 g. there were no particularly notable points in the family history , medical ... | cleft lip and palate are the most common congenital craniofacial anomaly in humans .
the presence of oral synechia along with cleft palate is a rare syndrome .
we encountered one case that had a cleft palate accompanied by congenital oral synechia due to a membranous adhesion between the floor of the mouth and the ... |
educational reform leader michael fullan5 observed that : when adults do think of students , they think of them as the potential beneficiaries of change they rarely think of students as participants in a process of school change and organizational life .
fullan5 says that engaging the hearts and minds of students i... | backgroundstudents are the heart of the whole school , whole community , whole child ( wscc ) model .
students are the recipients of programs and services to ensure that they are healthy , safe , engaged , supported , and challenged and also serve as partners in the implementation and dissemination of the wscc model.... |
indomethacin 99% ( auzohu - konch pharmaceutica , mexico ) with an average particle size of 50 m , lactose usp ( lactochem , mexico ) , a millipore membrane 0.45 m , a vibrating ball mill ( pen walt s.s .
white ) , a ceramic ball mill ( erweka ) , carver press , a microbalance autobalance ad-4 ( perkin - elmer ) , a ... | mechanochemical activation is a practical cogrinding operation used to obtain a solid dispersion of a poorly water soluble drug through changes in the solid state molecular aggregation of drug - carrier mixtures and the formation of noncovalent interactions ( hydrogen bonds ) between two crystalline solids such as a so... |
in all experiments , we exposed bacterial strains to the phage t4rii , which targets lipopolysaccharides embedded in the bacterial outer membrane .
as our altruistic suicidal strain , we used e. coli carrying the prophage ( henceforth e. coli ) , which encodes the rex abortive infection system that is triggered by ... | adaptations by hosts in response to parasitism are generally believed to reduce the susceptibility of the adapted individual .
however , recent work on escherichia coli showed that bacteria can fight deadly phage attacks by committing altruistic suicide upon infection , in order to prevent parasite transmission to ne... |
nuclear factor kappa b ( nf - kappa b ) is a transcription factor that regulates expression of several genes coding for inflammatory and immunoregulatory proteins including the neutrophil chemotactic cytokine mip-2 . in previous studies we found that crocidolite asbestos activates the nuclear translocation of nf - kapp... | |
the national health and nutrition examination survey ( nhanes ) , previously described ( 14 ) , is a stratified multistage probability cluster survey conducted in the noninstitutionalized population ( 14 ) .
the survey includes 1 ) an in - home interview through which demographic and basic health information are obta... | objectivewe examined the prevalence of knowledge of a1c , blood pressure , and ldl cholesterol ( abc ) levels and goals among people with diabetes , its variation by patient characteristics , and whether knowledge was associated with achieving levels of abc control recommended for the general diabetic population.resear... |
clustering genes by their expression profiles among samples and/or across time points is a useful approach to reducing data dimension and identifying co - expressed genes that may share common biological functions or regulatory networks.1 there are three typical experimental designs , under which gene expression data a... | we report a new r package implementing the clustering of regression models ( corm ) method for clustering genes using gene expression data and provide data examples illustrating each clustering function in the package .
the corm package is freely available at cran from http://cran.r-project.org . |
human life is greatly affected by three factors : deficiency of food , health problems , and environmental issues .
food and health are basic human requirements beside a clean and safe environment . with increasing world 's population at a greater rate , human requirements for food are rapidly increasing .
approxim... | in the past century , the recombinant dna technology was just an imagination that desirable characteristics can be improved in the living bodies by controlling the expressions of target genes .
however , in recent era , this field has demonstrated unique impacts in bringing advancement in human life . by virtue of th... |
according to estimates by the who , there are approximately 9.4 million patients a year diagnosed with tuberculosis ( tb ) , with an annual mortality of 1.7 million .
historically , the majority of tb cases are pulmonary ; however , cases of extrapulmonary tb , including abdominal tb , are increasingly being reported... | a 43-year - old man presented to the hospital with haemoptysis . when worked up , his history and examination were highly suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis ( tb ) .
he subsequently developed a massive upper gastrointestinal bleed and underwent an emergency laparotomy , which revealed a massively dilated caecum mea... |
an efficient procedure was devised for the functionalization of fullerene [ 13 ] , which involved observing the c602 ion in a reaction which occurs with the addition of benzylideneacetal .
another reaction between azides and c60 was also explored because of the electrochemically attractive properties exhibited by i... | the theoretical study of the interaction between ch2 and fullerene ( c60 ) suggests the existence of an addition reaction mechanism ; this feature is studied by applying an analysis of electronic properties .
several different effects are evident in this interaction as a consequence of the particular electronic trans... |
overactive bladder ( oab ) is characterized by symptoms of urinary urgency with or without incontinence , often accompanied by daytime and nighttime frequency.1 it is caused by an overactive detrusor muscle , in many cases with no apparent cause , although a significant proportion of cases may be accompanied by a neuro... | objectiveto carry out cost - effectiveness analysis from the spanish national health system perspective , of treating overactive bladder ( oab ) , in newly diagnosed patients with two flexible doses of fesoterodine in routine clinical practice.patients and methodseconomic evaluation of flexible - dose fesoterodine in n... |
copolymerizing different
monomers offers vast possibilities to
tune the properties of covalent copolymers .
in fact , the ability to
copolymerize monomers in an alternating , gradient , random , or block
manner offers superb precision in the control over the copolymer s
molecular structure ( composition , s... | supramolecular copolymers ,
non - covalent analogues of synthetic
copolymers , constitute a new and promising class of polymers .
in contrast
to their covalent counterparts , the details of their mechanism of
formation , as well as the factors determining their composition and
length , are still poorly unde... |
colorectal cancer ( crc ) is the third most common cause of cancer - related deaths with treatment of advanced and metastatic crc ( mcrc ) remaining palliative at best.1 the epidermal growth factor receptor ( egfr ) has been identified as a therapeutic target for a multitude of malignancies , including mcrc .
ligand ... | |
the case control study was conducted in metropolitan atlanta , georgia , usa , during march 2003february 2004 , among children with asthma who were > 2 years of age ( 10 ) .
case - patients were defined as patients with asthma exacerbation ; controls were defined as patients with stable asthma .
the definitions , ... | to determine links between human rhinoviruses ( hrv ) and asthma , we used data from a case control study , march 2003february 2004 , among children with asthma . molecular characterization
identified several likely new hrvs and showed that association with asthma exacerbations was largely driven by hrv - a and a ph... |
parkinson 's disease ( pd ) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases with a prevalence of 100200/100000 people worldwide [ 13 ] .
the clinical manifestation is characterised by specific motor deficits : bradykinesia , tremor , rigidity , and postural instability .
while the uk brain bank criteria requir... | symptoms of parkinson 's disease ( pd ) progress despite optimized medical treatment .
the present study investigated the effects of a flexibility and relaxation programme , walking , and nordic walking ( nw ) on walking speed , stride length , stride length variability , parkinson - specific disability ( updrs ) , a... |
type 2 diabetes and prediabetes have emerged as significant health issues in overweight / obese african - american and latino - american pediatric populations in the united states ( us ) .
data from the search for diabetes in youth study indicate that incidence rates for type 2 diabetes were three times higher in afr... | purpose . it is unclear whether sociocultural and socioeconomic factors are directly linked to type 2 diabetes risk in overweight / obese ethnic minority children and adolescents .
this study examines the relationships between sociocultural orientation , household social position , and type 2 diabetes risk in overwei... |
the facilitation or inhibition of gastrointestinal motility due to stress has been
previously reported ( 1 , 2 ) . as gastrointestinal motility
is partially reflected by egg activity ( 3 , 4 ) , the effects
of stress on the epigastric , supraumbilical and infraumbilical egg data can be correlated
with anxiety s... | electrogastrograms ( eggs ) were recorded at 16 locations on the thoraco - abdominal
surface at rest and then both during and after the acute stress of performing the mirror
drawing test ( mdt ) . a significant linear correlation with a negative slope was found
between the anxiety scores and the ratio of the powe... |
systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) is an autoimmune disease with wide - ranging clinical manifestations and the potential to affect multiple organ systems in the body .
healthy immune responses help prevent or overcome harmful antigens and infections but immune dysfunction with loss of self - tolerance can lead to ... | systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) is a complex multi - system autoimmune disease .
vitamin d deficiency has been proposed as an environmental trigger of disease onset and as a contributor to increased sle activity .
sle patients are prone to develop vitamin d deficiency because of photosensitivity leading to sun... |
breastfeeding , especially exclusive breast - feeding ( ebf ) , is the ideal method for feeding
and growth in the first 6 months of birth .
breast milk not only reduces the risk of incidence of many acute and chronic diseases such
as diarrhea and respiratory infections in breast - fed infants , but also it has nu... | introduction : traumatic nipple is among the most common
problems of the breastfeeding period which leads to early cessation of breastfeeding . the
study aimed to compare the effects of the lanolin , peppermint , and dexpanthenol creams on
the treatment of traumatic nipples .
methods : this double - blind rando... |
the prevalence of heart failure ( hf ) continues to increase and is now the most common cause of hospitalization in the united states.1,2 routine management of patients with hf requires careful attentiveness to fluid status and diuretic treatment efficacy .
although diuretics have been in clinical use for decades , p... | backgroundroutine management of patients with acute decompensated heart failure ( adhf ) requires careful attentiveness to fluid status and diuretic treatment efficacy .
new advances in ultrasound have made ultraportable echocardiography ( ue ) available to physicians for point - of - care use .
the purpose of this... |
traumatic tooth intrusion is a type of dental injury that involves displacement of the tooth into the alveolar socket . because of their locked position in the socket ,
the percussion test often elicits a high - pitched metallic sound , similar to an ankylosed tooth .
radiographically , the tooth is shifted in an a... | intrusive luxation is one of the most severe types of dental trauma .
the risk of development of inflammatory or replacement root resorption is high if not timely managed .
endodontic intervention is required soon after the occurrence of trauma , in an attempt to prevent or delay inflammatory root resorption .
th... |
severe ocular injuries involving partial or total loss of visual acuity , particularly those associated with maxillofacial fractures , are accordingly rare .
while ophthalmologists treat most ocular injuries , maxillofacial surgeons also frequently face severe cases associated with facial fractures in emergency depar... | aim : this study was designed to evaluate the incidence of severe ocular injuries associated to maxillofacial fractures and report their management in the emergency department.patients and methods : among the 1779 patients admitted for maxillofacial fractures , those with partial or total loss of vision at the time of ... |
regeneration techniques require an effective antibacterial regimen to disinfect the necrotic root canal space of immature teeth .
triple antibiotic paste ( tap ) , a combination of metronidazole , ciprofloxacin , and minocycline , has been the most commonly used medicament to disinfect the root canal during endodonti... | objective : the objective was to investigate the effect of intracanal antibiotic medicaments followed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ( edta ) on the indentation properties and hardness of radicular dentin using a biodent reference point indenter and a traditional microhardness technique , respectively.materials and... |
contemporary restorations of dental defects with implants are widely applicable , clinically prospective and comfortable treatment method .
although it is important to realize that this method , as all other restorative procedures , is aimed not to change the tooth but exactly restore what has been lost in biological... | abstractobjectivesto systematically review risks of mechanical impact on peri - implant strain and prosthetic influence on stability across finite element studies.material and methodsan online literature search was performed on medline and embase databases published between 2011 and 2016 . following keywords tiered scr... |
natural killer ( nk)/t - cell lymphoma is the most common subtype of primary nasal lymphoma1 ) .
nasal nk / t cell lymphoma is a very aggressive form of lymphoma , with over 50% of the tumors showing involvement of the adjacent alveolar bones , hard palate , orbits , nasopharynx and an association with an extensive s... | a nasal nk / t cell lymphoma is a very aggressive form of lymphoma
. patterns of relapse after treatment have not been systematically evaluated , and mediastinal nodal relapse at a primary site has never been documented .
we describe here a 40-year old man who presented with a nasal obstruction caused by a protrudi... |
in target - based approaches
to drug discovery , linking the observed
phenotypic response to a ligand of interest with on - target modulation
is a critical step . to this end ,
both
on- and off - targets of a drug candidate need to be identified and
characterized prior to clinical development . among many t... | photoaffinity labels are powerful
tools for dissecting ligand protein
interactions , and they have a broad utility in medicinal chemistry
and drug discovery .
traditional photoaffinity labels work through
nonspecific c h / x h bond insertion reactions with the
protein of interest by the highly reactive p... |
bacterial cells from the species escherichia coli specifically interact with the lower gastrointestinal tracts ( including the microbiotas ) of animals and humans , a relationship resulting from a long - term coevolutionary process that has shaped the well - defined e. coli core genome .
we fully agree with the prop... | abstracta recent study published in mbio [ y. h. grad et al .
, mbio 4(1):e00452 - 12 , 2013 ] indicates that a rapid introgressive evolution has occurred in escherichia coli o104:h4 by sequential acquisition of foreign genetic material involving pathogenicity traits .
o104 genetic promiscuity can not be readily e... |
crustaceans like other invertebrates only have innate immunity , including many immune molecules to eliminate exogenous pathogens . to date
, many studies have verified that hemocyanin is an important nonspecific innate immune defense molecule and can provide an effective immune defense in arthropods [ 28 ] .
its p... | hemocyanin is a copper - containing protein with immune function against disease . in this study ,
a hemocyanin subunit named mnhc-1 was cloned from macrobrachium nipponense .
the full - length cdna of mnhc-1 was 2,163 bp with a 2,028-bp open reading frame ( orf ) encoding a polypeptide of 675 amino acids .
the ... |
gastric neuroendocrine tumours ( nets ) account for more than 20% of all diagnosed gastric tumours . in recent years
, the incidence of these tumours has increased substantially , probably due to an increase in the number and quality of diagnostic tests .
these tumours can be classified into three main types accord... | treatment of metastatic gastric neuroendocrine tumours ( nets ) is challenging . in oligometastatic cases ,
surgical resection is recommended whenever possible .
somatostatin analogues have been used to decrease gastrin levels , and available evidence suggests that these drugs can also reduce recurrences . here
w... |
moxifloxacin is a fourth - generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic that exerts its effects by trapping a dna drug enzyme complex and specifically inhibiting atp - dependent enzymes topoisomerase ii ( dna gyrase ) and topoisomerase iv .
currently , moxifloxacin is being extensively used in the treatment of respiratory s... | objective . to develop a simple and rapid high - performance liquid chromatography ( hplc ) method for measuring moxifloxacin concentration in human plasma
. methods . following a single step liquid - liquid extraction ,
analytes along with an internal standard ( is ) were separated using an isocratic mobile phase ... |
the plan will contain three components : ( 1 ) the nei framework for vision research , a draft of which is available containing six goals , ( 2 ) vision research in 2011, which is expected to be released in early 2012 , and ( 3 ) ongoing planning workshops to supplement emerging needs and opportunities being identifie... | a number of organizations have employed a consultative process with the vision community to engage relevant parties in identifying needs and opportunities for vision research .
the national eye institute in the us and the european commission are currently undergoing consultation to develop priorities for vision resea... |
giant cell lesions of the maxillofacial area can vary from asymptomatic radiolucency of slowly growing lesion to aggressive tumours showing high recurrence rate as well as rapid expansive progression characterized by root resorption and pain .
gcgs of the jaws arise either peripherally in periodontal ligament , mucop... | central giant cell granuloma is a fairly common lesion in the jaws aetiology of which is still completely unknown but thought to be of a reactive process to some unknown stimuli .
it usually arises either peripherally in periodontal ligament , mucoperiosteum , or centrally in the bone .
the histological hallmark fo... |
squamous cell carcinoma ( scc ) is the second most frequent form of skin cancer superseded in occurrence only by basal cell carcinoma and it is commonly seen in elderly white men .
like basal cell carcinoma , scc is predisposed for by excessive ultraviolet light exposure , hence , its association with advancing age a... | clear cell squamous cell carcinoma ( scc ) is a rare variant of scc of skin in which ultraviolet radiation has been suggested as possible etiology .
this case is that of a 62-year - old male concrete block maker / bricklayer who presented with a 6 months history of a non - healing ulcer on the left side of his face .... |
revision of medical training programs have become a necessity to keep pace with the population growth , changing disease patterns and health priorities of the society .
this is why the iranian document for medical education revolution obliges universities to train human resources so that they are able to respond to t... | abstractbackground : revising the medical education programs to meet the needs of society has become both a necessity and an important priority due to the considerable increase of population , changing patterns of diseases , and new health priorities . while this necessity has been highlighted in iran s fifth developme... |
the mayer - rokitansky - kster - hauser ( mrkh ) syndrome or mullerian duct agenesis is characterized by congenital aplasia of the uterus and the upper part ( 2/3 ) of the vagina in women showing normal development of secondary sexual characteristics and a normal 46 , xx karyotype . till date
the presence of alopecia... | a 17-year - old girl presented with alopecia involving lateral margins of the scalp with primary amenorrhea .
there was no history of parental consanguinity , and no other siblings were having similar complaints .
her secondary sexual characters were well developed with hypoplastic vagina .
histopathological find... |
cd8 cytotoxic t lymphocytes ( ctls ) play an essential role in combating viral infections ( zhang and bevan , 2011 ) . during activation by antigen - presenting cells ,
ctls integrate t cell receptor ( tcr ) , co - stimulatory , and cytokine receptor signaling to fine - tune proliferation and differentiation and est... | summaryaccording to in vitro assays , t cells are thought to kill rapidly and efficiently , but the efficacy and dynamics of cytotoxic t lymphocyte ( ctl)-mediated killing of virus - infected cells in vivo remains elusive .
we used two - photon microscopy to quantify ctl - mediated killing in mice infected with h... |
liposarcomas are histologically divided into five subtypes : myxoid , pleomorphic , dedifferentiated , round cell , and well - differentiated ( wd ) liposarcoma ( atypical lipomatous tumor ) .
approximately 75% develop in the deep soft tissue of the limbs , followed by 20% in the retroperitoneum and a much smaller pe... | mesenteric liposarcoma is a rare neoplasm . here , we report the case of a 73-year - old japanese man with a well - differentiated ( wd ) liposarcoma of the mesentery . due to rapid growth of the abdominal mass and abdominal insufficiency ,
a tumorectomy was performed .
the excised tumor was 12.4 9.6 cm in size an... |
esophageal cancer ( ec ) is the eight most common cancer worldwide , accounting for 3.2% of total new cases in 2012.(1 ) about 80% cases of ec worldwide occur in less developed regions.(2 ) according to globocan 2012 estimate , in india , there were 42,000 new cases of ec , the incidence being 4.13% of all new cancer c... | background : despite various advances in the treatment of esophageal cancer ( ec ) , being one of the least responsive tumors to cancer therapy , the overall prognosis remains poor .
therefore , it is significant to understand various sociodemographic factors associated with ec to find out various schemes for primary... |
despite advances in breast cancer treatment , bone remains the most common site of metastasis , occurring in around 70% of patients with metastatic disease .
bone metastases are incurable and associated with significant morbidity in terms of fractures , pain , and reduced quality of life .
bone destruction occurs... | the annual bone and the oncologist new updates ( bonus 8) conference focuses on the current understanding and dilemmas in the treatment and prevention of bone metastasis in cancer , as well as novel research on bone homeostasis and cancer - induced bone loss .
we present commentaries from experts for their own take o... |
hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis ( hlh ) is a hyperinflammatory disorder with clinical manifestations that include fever , organomegaly , and cytopenia1 ) .
hlh occurs either as a primary form ( genetic or familial ) or as a secondary form ( acquired)2 ) .
the familial form of hlh ( fhl ) is a potentially fatal a... | hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis ( hlh ) occurs in the primary form ( genetic or familial ) or secondary form ( acquired ) .
the familial form of hlh ( fhl ) is a potentially fatal autosomal recessive disorder that occurs because of constitutional defects in cell - mediated cytotoxicity . here , we report a fatal n... |
this study provides class iv evidence that immunoadsorption combined with immunosuppression therapy is effective in patients with autoimmune encephalitis with surface antibodies .
the purpose of our study was to investigate whether addition of antibody - removing therapy to immunosuppression ( ia - is therapy ) accel... | objective : it was hypothesized that in encephalitides with autoantibodies directed to cns surface antigens an antibody - removing intervention might speed up recovery.methods:the outcome of autoimmune encephalitis in 19 patients with antibodies against surface antigens ( leucine - rich , glioma inactivated 1 [ lgi1 ] ... |
the difficulties diagnosing the existence of autistic spectrum disorders ( asds ) is increasingly recognized.[24 ] the absence of a precise understanding of the condition and of reliable diagnostic tests , prevents a proper understanding of the condition .
current dyslexia research fails to consider the influence of ... | this case is presented to explain that developmental dyslexia and related autistic spectrum disorders have solely pathological origins .
there is a general consensus of opinion which supports the phonological theory .
however , this largely ignores the biological basis for all aspects of the brain 's development an... |
coronary artery fistula ( caf ) is an unusual coronary artery abnormality , where connection exists between coronary artery and cardiac chamber or another blood vessel .
caf originating from the left main trunk and left circumflex artery is very unusual and rarely reported in the literature .
we describe a case of ... | coronary artery fistula including the left trunk and left circumflex is uncommon .
we present a 24-year - old male patient with a giant left main trunk and left circumflex artery to right ventricle fistula , which is diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography and coronary computed tomography angiography . in this pa... |
embolic stroke of undetermined source is a common stroke subtype that accounts for 23% to 40% of all strokes.1 , 2 , 3 appropriate investigation of the underlying causes is important for reducing the proportion of patients diagnosed with embolic stroke of undetermined source , thereby facilitating therapy implementatio... | backgroundfrom a therapeutic viewpoint , it is important to differentiate the underlying causes of embolism in patients with cryptogenic stroke , such as aortic arch atheroma , patent foramen ovale , and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation .
we investigated the clinical and radiological characteristics of these 3 common c... |
genetic regulation of flowering is a key element of adapting plants to cultivation in different latitudes , daylength responses and/or purposes ( such as seed / grain or biomass production ) . in the semi - arid tropical habitats to which many of the world s most important seed / grain crops
are native , flowering du... | of central importance in adapting plants of tropical origin to temperate cultivation has been selection of daylength - neutral genotypes that flower early in the temperate summer and take full advantage of its long days . a cross between tropical and temperate sorghums [ sorghum propinquum ( kunth ) hitchc.s .
bicolo... |
it was first reported in 1923 in an autopsy case by mandelstamm , and since then , fewer than 250 cases have been described .
the prognosis of patients with pulmonary artery sarcoma is usually poor . in reported cases ,
the mean survival time was usually less than 2 months for those without surgical treatment and a... | cancer metastases to the thyroid or adrenal gland are uncommon .
furthermore , cases showing long - term survival after surgical resection of those metastatic tumors are rare .
we report a case of pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma with metastases to the thyroid and adrenal glands sequentially that was successfully t... |
jawbone cysts are pathological cavities containing liquid , semi - liquid or gas , which is partially or totally covered by an epithelial tissue .
the odontogenic cysts covered by epithelium are divided into two groups of developmental and inflammatory based on their origin .
they are resulted from odontogenic tiss... | background : it has been demonstrated that her3 plays an important role in some human cancers and the her3 expression is associated with worse survival in solid tumors.objectives:this study was conducted to compare her3 expression in epithelial lining of radicular cysts ( rcs ) , dentigerous cysts ( dcs ) and odontogen... |
appreciation of the existence of a plasma membrane receptor for thyroid hormone analogues on the extracellular domains of a structural plasma membrane protein , integrin v3 [ 13 ] , has permitted recognition of new control mechanisms for the release of cytokines , including chemotactic cytokines or chemokines .
for e... | the extracellular domain of plasma membrane integrin v3 contains a receptor for thyroid hormone ( l - thyroxine , t4 ; 3,5,3-triiodo - l - thyronine , t3 ) ; this receptor also binds tetraiodothyroacetic acid ( tetrac ) , a derivative of t4 .
tetrac inhibits the binding of t4 and t3 to the integrin .
fractalkine ( ... |
animals : a total of 60 cattle with or without ocular abnormalities were used in this study ( tables 1
table 1 . summary of the japanese black cattle casescase no.age*sex**major clinical diagnosis ( symptoms)ocular abnormalitiesoptic pathway lesionsno .
4120 yfno significant lesions+absent , ; present , + . * d , ... | degeneration of the optic pathway has been reported in various animal species including cattle .
we experienced a case of bilateral optic tract degeneration characterized by severe gliosis in a japanese black cattle without any obvious visual defects . to evaluate the significance , pathological nature and pathogenes... |
hirayama disease , juvenile muscular atrophy of the distal upper limb , is an uncommon cervical myelopathy associated with neck flexion movements24513 ) .
this disorder usually develops in the late teens and early twenties with a male preponderance .
although the underlying causative mechanism remains unclear , fin... | hirayama disease , juvenile muscular atrophy of the distal upper limb , is a rare disease predominantly affecting the anterior horn cells of the cervical spinal cord in young men .
this cervical myelopathy is associated with neck flexion .
it should be suspected in young male patients with a chronic history of weak... |
brucellosis is one of the important multi - organ zoonotic diseases with annually more than 500,000 new cases worldwide ( 1 ) .
the epidemiological zone of this infection includes the arabian peninsula , mediterranean basin , indochina , some parts of central asia and south america ( 2 ) . in the endemic regions ,
... | backgroundbrucellosis is one of the important multi - organ zoonotic infectious diseases .
the forms of the clinical course of brucellosis in humans are acute , sub - acute and chronic.objectivesthe present study aimed to retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics and complications in the clinical forms of ... |
empty sella is characterized by the herniation of the subarachnoid space within the sella , which is often associated with some degree of flattening of the pituitary gland . in primary empty sella ( pes ) ,
several etiopathogeneic hypotheses have been proposed , including a congenital incomplete formation of the sell... | introduction : empty sella is characterized by the herniation of the subarachnoid space within the sella , which is often associated with some degree of flattening of the pituitary gland .
this study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical and hormonal profile in patients with empty sella.aims and objectives : to eva... |
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