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the vast majority of human thyroid cancers are differentiated and pathological examination reveals that most of these are papillary thyroid cancers ( ptc ) .
the long - term prognosis and recommended treatment for patients with ptc are dependent on the stage of disease .
papillary thyroid microcarcinoma ( ptmc ) ar... | most human thyroid cancers are differentiated papillary carcinomas ( ptc ) .
papillary thyroid microcarcinomas ( ptmc ) are tumors that measure 1 cm or less .
this class of small tumors has proven to be a very common clinical entity in endocrine diseases .
ptmc may be present in 3040% of human autopsies and is o... |
the sit - to - stand ( sts ) movement is a movement people frequently perform as they change from
a sitting to standing position , and the ability of an individual to rise from a chair has
been considered an important indicator of an elderly person s functional independence ; if
impaired , it increases the risk o... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to compare the activation of the tibialis
anterior ( ta ) and soleus ( sol ) muscles during the sit - to - stand ( sts ) task with hip
adduction and hip abduction in elderly females .
[ subjects ] we recruited 16 healthy elderly
females with no pain in the knee joint an... |
there were 60 registered hiv - positive patients in greenland , most of whom lived in the 2 towns of nuuk and sisimiut ( fig .
hiv patients living in nuuk are treated at the central queen ingrid 's hospital in nuuk , while in the districts hiv treatment and control are guided from queen ingrid 's hospital , but admin... | objectivesdespite a high level of sexually transmitted infections , hiv incidence has remained quite stable in greenland with 56 new cases per year ( approximately 10 per 100,000 ) . however , disease control is suboptimal and mortality is relatively high .
the aim of the present study was to determine associations b... |
the genus aspergillus is a group of filamentous fungi found in the atmosphere and is often the blue green mould found on the bread .
a. fumigatus and a. flavus are the most commonly isolated spores of the disease process aspergillosis .
inhalation of aspergillus spores can lead to colonization in the upper and lo... | aspergillosis is a common opportunistic fungal infection affecting the nose and paranasal sinuses .
the disease presents in various forms ranging from non - invasive to invasive , destructive and allergic types .
we report here a rare case of invasive aspergillosis in an immunocompetent host with the literature rev... |
disorders of vitamin d metabolism are frequent in chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) and represent a crucial physiopathological mechanism of ckd and mineral bone disorders .
vitamin d deficiency is a highly prevalent abnormality in ckd patients,1,2 as well as the reduction of the active form , calcitriol
1,25-hydroxyvi... | this study investigated the factors associated with hypovitaminosis d , in a cohort of 405 prevalent patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) stages 24 , living in italy and followed - up in tertiary care .
the effect of cholecalciferol 10,000 iu once - a - week for 12 months was evaluated in a subgroup of 100 co... |
sturge weber syndrome ( sws ) has been included in the group of phakomatoses that includes neurofibromatosis , klippel trenaunay syndrome , tuberous sclerosis , and von hippel
lindau syndrome.1 sws , also known as encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis , is a condition that includes leptomemeningeal hemangioma , facial a... | sturge weber syndrome has been included in the group of phakomatoses that is characterized by hamartomas involving the brain , skin , and eyes .
the characteristic facial port - wine stain , involving the first branch of the trigeminal nerve and the embryonic vasculature distribution in this area , leads to several ... |
a 60-year - old man was presented to an orthopedician in the operating theatre as a case of difficult urinary catheterization .
the patient was going for a lengthy orthopedic operation that required a drained urinary bladder beforehand .
the urologist was called and he found the patient anesthetized , having circum... | hypospadias is a highly prevalent congenital anomaly .
english articles , indexed in pubmed , published the long - term sexual and reproductive outcome following hypospadias repair .
almost all repairable cases of hypospadias are operated in childhood .
although distal hypospadias does not interfere with fertilit... |
phospholipidosis was first believed to be observed by nelson and fitzhugh in 1948,(1 ) when they reported the accumulation of foam macrophages in rats after long - term treatment with chloroquine .
it has been observed since then that numerous cationic amphiphilic drugs can induce phospholipidosis in several cell typ... | phospholipidosis is an adverse effect caused by numerous cationic amphiphilic drugs and can affect many cell types .
it is characterized by the excess accumulation of phospholipids and is most reliably identified by electron microscopy of cells revealing the presence of lamellar inclusion bodies .
the development o... |
the advancement of visual techniques implemented in perinatal medical care enables surgeons and anesthesiologists to perform airway management and to detect , monitor , and surgically treat life - threatening anomalies of the fetal tracheo - bronchial tree [ 111 ] .
thus , the tracheo - bronchial angles in the human ... | backgroundboth the advancement of visual techniques and intensive progress in perinatal medicine result in performing airway management in the fetus and neonate affected by life - threatening malformations .
this study aimed to examine the 3 tracheo - bronchial angles , including the right and left bronchial angles ,... |
mesenchymal breast neoplasms are rare . sarcoma is a heterogeneous neoplasm arising from mesenchymal cells .
breast sarcomas are rare neoplasms derived from non- epithelial elements of the gland and represent < 1% of all breast cancers estimated as 45 new cases per 10 million women .
most cases of breast sarcoma ... | breast sarcomas are rare neoplasms arising from the few epithelial elements of the gland .
it represents much < 1% of all breast cancer . of the heterogeneous group of sarcomas ,
the more common subtypes include spindle cell sarcoma .
the main risk factor for the development of breast sarcomas is previous radiati... |
address = administration of drotrecogin alfa ( activated ) in early stage severe sepsis ; apache = acute physiology and chronic health evaluation ; drotaa = drotrecogin alfa ( activated ) ; prowess = recombinant human activated protein c worldwide evaluation of severe sepsis .
jf was involved with the conception a... | two international multicentre randomised controlled trials of drotrecogin alfa ( activated ) ( drotaa ) , the recombinant human activated protein c worldwide evaluation of severe sepsis ( prowess ) and administration of drotrecogin alfa ( activated ) in early stage severe sepsis ( address ) trials , have produced incon... |
globus pharyngeus , the sensation of something stuck in the throat , has been noted since the time of hippocrates .
purcell first used the term globus hystericus in the early 18th century . in 1968 , malcomson suggested the term globus pharyngeus as a more accurate description since not all patients with globus wer... | globus pharyngeus is a common ent condition .
this paper reviews the current evidence on globus and gives a rational guide to the management of patients with globus .
the aetiology of globus is still unclear though most ent surgeons believe that reflux whether acidic or not plays a significant role .
though proto... |
metastatic cardiac involvement is reported in the literature highly variable , ranging from 2.3 to 18.3% in different reported studies .
tumors can spread to the heart through direct extension of extra cardiac neoplasm , by bloodstream or lymphatic system diffusion and by intracavitary invasion through both the super... | a 52-year - old woman with a lung carcinoma metastatic to bone was admitted to the cardiology department for acute chest pain after 1 week of the oncologic therapy .
electrocardiographic examination ( ecg ) revealed ischemic picture with st - t wave abnormalities in di and avl leads and poor progression of r wave in ... |
c - reactive protein ( crp ) is an inflammatory marker that raises in inflammation that occurs due to smoking .
people with increased levels of crp are on higher risk to develop obesity , diabetes , cardiovascular diseases , and hypertension .
it has been experienced that the smoker males had increased levels of se... | background : smoking plays a key role in increasing the inflammatory marker c - reactive protein ( crp).aims : to examine inverse correlation between crp and magnesium levels in smokers and nonsmokers.materials and methods : a total of 192 healthy adult male subjects were included in the present study , out of which 96... |
a 73 year old man , 158 cm and weighing 52.8 kg , was scheduled for an emergency repair of a type - a aortic dissection and concomitant coronary arterial bypass grafting .
hypertension and a transient ischemic infarct ( tia ) that occurred 3 years ago were under conservative treatment .
he had undergone aortic valv... | polycythemia vera is a chronic progressive myeloproliferative disease characterized by increased circulating red blood cells , and the hyperviscosity of the blood can lead to an increased risk of arterial thrombosis . in a previous survey regarding postoperative outcomes in polycythemia vera patients , an increased ris... |
leprosy is a disease that shares some characteristics with multiple skin disorders ; the early stage of morphea is one of those disorders with not only clinical but also histopathological similarity . through the history ,
the true diagnosis of leprosy has always been a challenge , not only for the multiple diseases ... | clinically and histopathologically paucibacillary leprosy shows similar features with initial morphea . in this case
we report a 24 yr - old male patient who presented to our dermatology department with diagnosed paucibacillary leprosy by his local dermatologist , and confirmed by perineurovascular lymphocytic infilt... |
emerging multi - drug resistant organisms are major contributors to morbidity and mortality following burn injury .
pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are common following burns , often presenting as wound infections [ 24 ] .
current prophylactic measures intended to prevent these infections in burn patients consist... | pseudomonas aeruginosa has developed a complex cell - to - cell communication system that relies on low - molecular weight excreted molecules to control the production of its virulence factors .
we previously characterized the transcriptional regulator mvfr , that controls a major network of acute virulence functions... |
apoptosis , necrosis , necroptosis , autophagy , and pyroptosis are different modalities of cell death programs that play important roles in regulation of the immune system .
failure in cell death program leads to either increased numbers of lymphocytes , increased number of infected phagocytic cells , autoimmune dis... | apoptosis , necroptosis , and pyroptosis are different cellular death programs characterized in organs and tissues as consequence of microbes infection , cell stress , injury , and chemotherapeutics exposure .
dying and death cells release a variety of self - proteins and bioactive chemicals originated from cytosol ,... |
the first published description of using a recombinant virus to deliver vaccine antigens from another infectious agent was the vaccinia virus recombinant engineered to express hepatitis b surface antigen in animal cells , which upon immunization in chimpanzees , induced protective immune response against hepatitis b ch... | traditional approach of inactivated or live - attenuated vaccine immunization has resulted in impressive success in the reduction and control of infectious disease outbreaks .
however , many pathogens remain less amenable to deal with the traditional vaccine strategies , and more appropriate vaccine strategy is in ne... |
regulation of protein translation is a critical step of the gene expression process , which allows cellular adaptation during stress conditions by rapidly reprograming the proteome output without the requirement for changes in rna synthesis . in conditions , such as heat shock , hypoxia ,
endoplasmic reticulum ( er )... | protein synthesis can be segmented into distinct phases comprising mrna translation initiation , elongation , and termination .
translation initiation is a highly regulated and rate - limiting step of protein synthesis that requires more than 12 eukaryotic initiation factors ( eifs ) .
extensive evidence shows that... |
medullary thyroid carcinoma ( mtc ) is a neoplasia of parafollicular cells or of thyroid c - cells , which represents approximately 4% of thyroid malignant tumors .
they can be part of multiple endocrine neoplasia ( men ) type 2 , 2a or 2b , or occur as a familial mtc or other inherited forms .
molecular studies to... | the role of serum calcitonin as part of the evaluation of thyroid nodules has been widely discussed in literature .
however there still is no consensus of measurement of calcitonin in the initial evaluation of a patient with thyroid nodule .
problems concerning cost - benefit , lab methods , false positive and low ... |
although healthcare is not only medical - care , the part played by medical services is an essential determinant of overall health of a population .
all public systems look for an organizational structure on how to channel 710% of the national income into healthcare services .
however , most healthcare systems fall... | all public systems look for the best organizational structure to funnel part of their national income into healthcare services .
appropriate policies may differ widely across country settings .
most healthcare systems fall under one of two broad categories , either bismark or beveridge systems .
there is no simpl... |
intravenous catheters and those related devices used to gain access to the veins for the purpose of infusing medications or solutions have evolved significantly over the past three decades .
early concerns over needle safety for healthcare workers led to the creation of products that provide needle - free access .
... | background .
needleless connectors ( nc ) are used on virtually all intravascular devices , providing an easy access point for infusion connection .
colonization of nc is considered the cause of 50% of postinsertion catheter - related infections .
breaks in aseptic technique , from failure to disinfect , result i... |
tear lysozyme is a high molecular weight , long chain glycolytic enzyme secreted by the lachrymal gland . among the tear proteins
identified , lysozyme constitutes around 20%40% of the total tear protein ( farris 1985 ) and its concentration in the tear film is higher than in any other fluid of the body ( fleming 192... | the present work studies the effects of topical application of nucleotides on rabbit tear lysozyme levels .
lysozyme values were determined by the diffusion in agar method described by van bijsterveld in 1974 , and the protein amount was obtained by measuring the inhibitory halos around a whatman n1 paper disc of 5 m... |
sulfur mustard ( 2,2-dichloroethylsulfide ; sm ) is a bifunctional alkylating and vesicant agent with the highest military significance . after the first world war , iraq 's military usage of sm against iranian military and civilians as well as their own kurdish civilians ( 19801988 ) was the most extensive usage of th... | objective . sulfur mustard ( sm ) is a highly reactive alkylating agent which produces ocular , respiratory , and skin damages .
eyes are the most sensitive organ to sm due to high intrinsic metabolic and rapid turnover rate of corneal epithelium and aqueous - mucous interfaces of the cornea and conjunctiva . here
... |
diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion , insulin action , or both .
there are three major types of diabetes : type 1 diabetes , type 2 diabetes , and gestational diabetes .
type 1 diabetes mellitus ( t1 dm ) is produced by the de... | aimsto compare the burden of disease ( bod ) attributable to diabetes expressed in disability - adjusted life years ( dalys ) for five european countries in 2010.methodsdalys lost to diabetes as the sum of years of life lost and years lived with disability were estimated by sex and age using country - specific epidemio... |
vitiligo persists to evade the researchers and patients in spite of the considerable advancement in basic understanding of the disease process and the treatment protocol over the years .
when the disease becomes refractory to conventional therapy , transplantation techniques are the only options left to replenish the... | stability is taken as the most important parameter before opting for any transplantation technique to treat vitiligo .
but , simultaneous donor site repigmentation and depigmentation of grafts at the recipient site has been noted .
similarly donor site depigmentation with complete repigmentation of the recipient ar... |
mastocytosis encompasses a group of rare disorders characterized by clonal proliferation of mast cells ( mc ) in cutaneous and/or one or more extracutaneous visceral tissue .
based on the tissue affected , mastocytosis can be divided into cutaneous mastocytosis , systemic mastocytosis ( sm ) , and unifocal mc tumor .... | systemic mastocytosis ( sm ) is a condition associated with clonal neoplastic proliferation of mast cells . in up to 40% of systemic mastocytosis cases , an associated clonal hematological disease of non mast cell lineage , such as acute myeloid leukemia ( aml ) , is diagnosed before , simultaneously with , or after t... |
as environmental health professionals , we are dedicated to controlling and protecting our environment to minimize the factors that contribute to human disease , as well as enhancing human health and well - being .
while the historical gains in public health are in large part due to environmental health efforts , man... | future environmental health problems will require a new generation of educated and trained professionals .
efforts to enhance the environmental public health workforce have been promoted by several organizations .
while progress has been measured by these organizations , many environmental health academic programs ... |
strychnine is a bitter , white , powder alkaloid derived from the seeds of the tree strychnos nux - vomica .
it has had an interesting past , initially having been introduced in the 16th century as a rodenticide , and until recently it was used as a respiratory , circulatory and digestive stimulant .
it is no longe... | introductionstrychnine poisoning is uncommon , and in most severe cases , the patient dies before reaching hospital .
the management of strychnine poisoning is well documented , although there are few data on the kinetics of elimination of strychnine after overdose.case reporta 42-year - old man presented shortly aft... |
one fourth of the population lives in the capital , nuuk , while the rest live in 16 towns and several settlements ( the districts ) scattered around the island .
most persons ( 86% ) are native greenlanders ; the rest are caucasians , mostly danes .
the laboratory at queen ingrids hospital in nuuk is the only micr... | invasive bacterial disease occurs frequently among native populations in the arctic .
although a variety of bacteria are involved in invasive bacterial disease in greenland , streptococcus pneumoniae , escherichia coli , staphylococcus aureus , and other staphylococci are responsible for most cases ( 69% ) ; incidenc... |
transverse vaginal septum is a rare anomaly that results from incomplete fusion of urogenital sinus and the vaginal parts of the mullerian duct .
this septum is usually found in the upper and mid - vagina but can be located at any level in the vagina and varies in thickness too .
clinical manifestations depend on w... | transverse vaginal septum is a rare anomaly that results from incomplete fusion of urogenital sinus , and the vaginal parts of the mullerian duct .
cervical atresia / dysgenesis is still a rare uterovaginal anomaly that can be congenital or acquired leading to fertility problems .
transverse vaginal septum when it ... |
chronic subdural hematoma ( csdh ) is one of the most common types of intracranial hemorrhage and is a well - known traumatic disease caused by tearing of bridging veins after minor head injury.38 ) however , some patients develop csdh from causes other than head injury , such as brain surgery , neovascularization of t... | objectiveour study examined the prognostic factors involved in the outcome of patients with chronic subdural hematoma ( csdh ) who had undergone burr hole drainage procedures , and investigated the association between outcome and traumatic head injury .
in addition , we explored factors related to recurrence.methodst... |
molecular imaging is defined as the in vivo measurement of biological processes at the cellular and molecular levels.24 - 26 molecular - imaging - based visualization of in vivo pathophysiologic processes could provide information regarding specific molecular alterations underlying the disease status of individual pati... | molecular imaging is a novel technology to visualize biological processes at the cellular and molecular levels , which is reshaping both biomedical research and clinical practice . by providing molecular information to supplement and augment conventional anatomy - based imaging , molecular imaging
is expected to allo... |
with a mortality rate > 40% , management of multi - trauma patients presenting with exsanguinating pelvic fractures is a therapeutic challenge .
mortality within the first 24 h is primarily due to complications of the bleeding itself , while associated coexisting cerebral injuries , thromboembolism , and multiple org... | purpose : traditional maneuvers aim to decrease retroperitoneal bleeding in hemodynamically unstable multi - trauma patients with unstable pelvic fractures , are reportedly successful in approximately only 50% .
the life - saving effect of extra - peritoneal pressure packing ( eppp ) is based on direct compression an... |
l. amylovorus cp1563 was isolated from human fecal specimens and stocked in our culture collection library .
it was screened as a strain with high potential by luciferase assays for ppar ligand activity ( 9 ) . here
, the strain was cultured in an original food - grade medium ( table 1 ) for 24 h at 37c under a par... | backgroundpreviously , we showed that fragmented lactobacillus amylovorus cp1563 ( cp1563 ) functions as a dual agonist of peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor and in vitro and in vivo.objectivehere , we examined the safety and effect of cp1563 ingestion on body fat in obese class i participants in a double -... |
laboratory testing is a highly complex process , and although laboratory services are relatively safe , they are not as safe as they could or should be .
clinical laboratories have long focused their attention on quality control methods and quality assessment programs dealing with the analytical aspects of testing . ... | involvement of health personnel in a medical audit can reduce the number of errors in laboratory medicine .
the checked control of point of care testing ( poct ) could be an answer to developing a better medical service in the emergency department and decreasing the time taken to report tests .
the performance of s... |
although most of these measurements were based on manual inspection and intervention , with the advent of fluorescence microscopy , many studies also involved quantitative imaging of living cells either using video or ccd cameras ( inoue , 1981 ; allen and allen , 1983 ) . in the early years of live - cell microscopy ,... | microscopy of cells has changed dramatically since its early days in the mid - seventeenth century .
image analysis has concurrently evolved from measurements of hand drawings and still photographs to computational methods that ( semi- ) automatically quantify objects , distances , concentrations , and velocities of ... |
it has been estimated that 16.8% of live births across the world in 2013 were in women who had some form of hyperglycemia in pregnancy . in india ,
gestational diabetes mellitus ( gdm ) has been estimated to affect over 5 million women .
gdm poses serious health consequences for mother and the baby both in the shor... | aim : to obtain information on existing practices in the diagnosis and management of gestational diabetes mellitus ( gdm ) among physicians / diabetologists / endocrinologists and obstetricians / gynecologists ( ob / gyns ) in india.methods:details regarding diagnostic criteria used , screening methods , management str... |
in oral cavity , mechanical stress was generated in many situations , such as mastication , functional / parafunctional habits , orthodontic treatment , and occlusal trauma .
occlusal force plays a pivotal role in the regulation of periodontium homeostasis [ 13 ] .
the mechanical force in the range of physiological... | mechanical force was shown to promote igf-1 expression in periodontal ligament both in vitro and in vivo . though the mechanism of this effect has not yet been proved , here we investigated the molecular mechanism of intermittent mechanical stress on igf-1 expression .
in addition , the role of hypoxia on the intermi... |
in the mammalian eye , the image - forming pathway transmits highly sensitive color , temporal , and spatial light - dependent information from rod and cone photoreceptors through an intermediate retinal network of bipolar , amacrine , and horizontal cells which convey light - dependent responses via conventional retin... | mammalian vision consists of the classic image - forming pathway involving rod and cone photoreceptors interacting through a neural network within the retina before sending signals to the brain , and a non image - forming pathway that uses a photosensitive cell employing an alternative and evolutionary ancient phototra... |
pulmonary hypertension ( ph ) in adults with sickle cell disease ( scd ) is associated with early mortality 1 , and other complications , including renal insufficiency , leg ulcers , abnormal liver function , systemic hypertension , avascular necrosis , seizures , and cerebrovascular events 2 .
right heart catheteriz... | key clinical messageconjunctival microvascular hemodynamic alterations were reported for the first time in sickle cell subjects with and without pulmonary hypertension .
assessment of the conjunctival microcirculation using noninvasive imaging may improve understanding of microvascular hemodynamic alterations that oc... |
red blood cell ( rbc ) transfusions are a mainstay of treatment in the management of patients with sickle cell disease ( scd ) .
indications for acute and chronic transfusion have expanded , resulting in increased numbers of patients receiving multiple transfusions .
overall , there is a paucity of clinical trials ... | the purpose of this study was to characterize transfusion practices in the management of sickle cell disease and to identify factors attributing to differences in prescribing practices among florida hematologists / oncologists .
a cross - sectional study was performed in 2005 - 2006 utilizing a mail survey .
the su... |
gram - positive infections account for up to 50% of cases of severe sepsis in the modern intensive care unit . the complex processes by which gram - positive organisms cause sepsis are poorly understood by comparison with gram - negative sepsis .
much interest is currently focused on the role of certain protein exoto... | the production of superantigenic exotoxins by gram positive bacteria underlies the pathology of toxic shock syndrome .
future treatment strategies for superantigen - mediated diseases are likely to be directed at blocking the three - way interaction between superantigen , t cell receptor and major histocompatibility ... |
this novel ttf system is an fda approved device that delivers intermediate frequency , low intensity alternating electric field directly to the brain for the treatment of recurrent glioblastomas .
it is considered a fourth treatment modality for the treatment of cancer in addition to surgery , radiation and chemother... | a novel device that employs ttf therapy has recently been developed and is currently in use for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma ( rgbm ) .
it was fda approved in april 2011 for the treatment of patients 22 years or older with rgbm .
the device delivers alternating electric fields and is programmed to ensure... |
endometriosis is a common gynaecological condition characterised by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma at extrauterine sites .
ectopic endometrial implants have been reported in nearly every tissue or organ , including the skin . of the reported cases of cutaneous endometriosis , over 70%
the case of pri... | cutaneous endometriosis that arises de novo , without a prior history of surgery , is a rare phenomenon .
the clinical diagnosis of cutaneous endometriosis remains challenging due to the variable clinical appearance and symptoms of the condition , and therefore must be considered in the differential diagnosis of any ... |
since the first modified rna ribonucleic acid was found 60 years ago , 150 known rna modifications have been reported .
emerging evidences suggest that rna modifications are critical components of the gene regulatory landscape and are involved in a variety of biological processes in the post - transcriptional level ,... | there are many different types of rna modifications , which are essential for numerous biological processes .
knowledge about the occurrence sites of rna modifications in its sequence is a key for in - depth understanding of their biological functions and mechanism .
unfortunately , it is both time - consuming and ... |
missing permanent teeth and non - compliance of the patients can pose anchorage problems during treatment .
to eliminate these problems , intraoral skeletal anchorage systems , such as palatal implants1 , retromolar implants,2 onplants,3 zygomatic ligatures,4 minis - crews59 and miniplates10,11 have been introduced t... | objectives : non - homogeneous force distribution along the miniplates and the screws is an unsolved question for skeletal anchorage in orthodontics . to overcome this issue ,
a miniplate structure was designed featuring spikes placed on the surface facing the cortical bone .
the aim of this study was to examine an... |
furchgott and zawadzki described the obligatory role of the endothelial cells during relaxations of the isolated rabbit aorta to acetylcholine and demonstrated the transfer of a vasodilator substance termed endothelium - derived relaxing factor .
this factor was identified as nitric oxide ( no ) and became a major... | endothelial cells regulate vascular tone by releasing various contracting and relaxing factors including nitric oxide ( no ) , arachidonic acid metabolites ( derived from cyclooxygenases , lipoxygenases , and cytochrome p450 monooxygenases ) , reactive oxygen species , and vasoactive peptides .
additionally , another... |
the term liver function tests ( lft ) is commonly used in clinical practice when referring to liver enzymes .
however this term is misleading since these tests primarily assess liver injury rather than liver function .
in addition , this term also implies that these tests are solely of hepatic origin , but in fac... | the liver enzymes , alanine transaminase ( alt ) or aspartate transaminase ( ast ) , are commonly used in clinical practice as screening as well as diagnostic tests for liver diseases .
alt is more specific for liver injury than ast and has been shown to be a good predictor of liver related and all - cause mortality ... |
introduced by cowley in the 1970s , the golden hour concept has since governed planning and preparedness in trauma systems development as a major source of morbidity and mortality to the population that contributes to the economy , i.e. , people less than 45 years of age , trauma is a significant problem that needs c... | background : achieving definitive care within the golden hour by minimizing response times is a consistent goal of regional trauma systems .
this study hypothesizes that in urban level i trauma centers , shorter pre - hospital times would predict outcomes in penetrating thoracic injuries.materials and methods : a r... |
this retrospective study included 40 dogs that were diagnosed with biliary sludge and
gallbladder mucoceles , and had their gallbladder contents collected during surgery or
autopsy at the university of miyazaki veterinary teaching hospital , miyazaki , japan , between
may 2012 and july 2016 .
component analysis... | the pathophysiology of canine gallbladder diseases , including biliary sludge , gallbladder
mucoceles and gallstones , is poorly understood .
this study aimed to evaluate the component
of gallbladder contents and bacterial infection of the gallbladder in order to elucidate
the pathophysiology of biliary sludge ... |
the state of lowered metabolism during hibernation in mammals is a showcase of cell preservation strategies for muscle , bone , and the circulatory and innate immune systems .
hibernating mammals tolerate extremes in organ perfusion , oxygen saturation , temperature , immobilization , and calorie intake - which in co... | background : hibernation involves periods of severely depressed metabolism ( torpor ) and decreases in body temperature ( tb ) . small arctic mammals ( < 5 kg ) , in which tb generally drop drastically , display leukopenia during hibernation .
this raised the question of whether the decreased leukocyte counts in mamm... |
it was discovered in 1839 by christian friedrich schonbein when he noticed the emergence of a pungent gas with an electric smell .
the word ozone is derived from greek word ozein that means odor . since then it has been the field of research and clinical application in medicine and dentistry .
the first medical app... | the oral cavity is an open ecosystem that shows a dynamic balance between the entrance of microorganisms ( bacterial , viral or fungal ) , colonization modalities , nutritional balance , and host defenses against their removal .
the oral lesions including aphthous ulcerations , herpes labialis , oral candidiasis , or... |
the cast index ( ci , a ratio of anteroposterior to lateral internal diameters of the cast at the fracture site ) is a simple , reliable marker of quality of molding and a ci of > 0.8 correlates with increased risk of redisplacement .
we hypothesize that an acceptable ci is more difficult to achieve and does not pred... | background : many pediatric forearm fractures can be treated in plaster following closed reduction . the cast index ( ci , a ratio of anteroposterior to lateral internal diameters of the cast at the fracture site ) is a simple , reliable marker of quality of molding and a ci of > 0.8 correlates with increased risk of r... |
multifocal motor neuropathy ( mmn ) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy ( cidp ) are acquired immune - mediated peripheral neuropathies ( pn ) .
mmn is a pure motor neuropathy syndrome usually beginning in one or both hands and principally affecting the upper extremities , characterized by a... | objective .
this cross - sectional study analyzes the pattern of ultrasound peripheral nerve alterations in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy ( cidp ) and multifocal motor neuropathy ( mmn ) at different stages of functional disability .
material and methods .
22 cidp and 10 ... |
causes of anisocoria include compression or destruction of the third cranial nerve by increased intracranial pressure ( icp ) from tumour , thrombus , oedema , aneurysm or haemorrhage .
cases of anisocoria have rarely been reported in the postoperative intensive care unit ( icu ) setting .
we report a case of aniso... | anisocoria is an uncommon entity in general postoperative intensive care .
we present a case of a 45-year - old man suffering from severe acute pancreatitis with a past history of traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) , who developed hypertension , bradycardia and anisocoria soon after re - exploration surgery under general... |
the explosion in the knowledge of cancer genetics of the past 25 years has totally changed our approach to cancer treatment .
but , as is true of many political and cultural revolutions , the pace of progress is maddeningly ponderous .
although recent relaxations of the grips of smoking and hormone replacement ther... | cancer is the most common acquired genetic disease .
great progress has been made in documenting the genetic abnormalities that cause the disease , and in the future each tumor will be subjected to genetic analysis and the appropriate combination of drugs selected .
although there are serious technological and cost... |
androgen insensitivity gives rise to a wide spectrum of disorders in man , the most severe being complete sex reversal , to milder forms of pais associated with ambiguous or underdeveloped genitalia , or even milder forms causing only male infertility in otherwise healthy males .
often mutations in the androgen rec... | partial androgen insensitivity syndrome ( pais ) is associated with impaired male genital development and can be transmitted through mutations in the androgen receptor ( ar ) .
the aim of this study is to develop a cell model suitable for studying the impact ar mutations might have on ar interacting proteins . for th... |
intraoperative blood loss is one the most commonly used parameters to assess the safety of surgical procedures .
available data regarding laparoscopic radical prostatectomy ( lrp ) indicates unambiguously that the surgery is safe , also in terms of blood loss [ 1 , 2 ] .
what is more , reduced blood loss remains on... | introductionthe traditional assessment of blood loss during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy ( lrp ) is based on the blood volume collected intraoperatively in the suction device bottles .
while this method is not perfect , analysis of changes in blood cell count ( bcc ) resulting from lrp is advisable.material and... |
in the human male , testosterone ( t ) and estradiol ( e2 ) are the main circulating sex steroids acting on bone tissue . the first is produced from the leydig cells in the testis , while the latter derives from the aromatization of the androgens by means of the enzymatic complex of aromatase .
aromatase is a cytochr... | before the characterization of human and animal models of estrogen deficiency , estrogen action was confined in the context of the female bone .
these interesting models uncovered a wide spectrum of unexpected estrogen actions on bone in males , allowing the formulation of an estrogen - centric theory useful to expla... |
autoimmune hepatitis ( aih ) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology characterized by the presence of circulating autoantibodies , hypergammaglobulinemia , necroinflammatory changes on hepatic histology , and a dramatic response to immunosuppressive therapy .
earliest descriptions include those by amber... | autoimmune hepatitis ( aih ) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by periportal inflammation , elevated immunoglobulins , autoantibodies , and a dramatic response to immunosuppression .
an environmental agent is hypothesized to trigger an immune - mediated attack directed against liver antigens in genetic... |
walking is the most common form of human motion , and is composed of cyclically switching
single - support phases .
moreover , the trunks ability to balance load is a very important
element in this switching motion1 .
the
trunk needs to maintain the body s center of gravity within the base of support , and is... | [ purpose ] the study was conducted to determine the effect of horse riding simulation
combined with blindfolding on healthy individuals balance and gait .
[ subjects and
methods ] thirty subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group ( n=15 ) and a
control group ( n=15 ) .
the subjects in the expe... |
a and v patterns describe horizontal strabismus that is vertically incomitant and is characterized by a substantial change in the horizontal deviation from the midline position in upgaze as compared to downgaze .
v patterns [ 14 ] . a and v patterns are relatively frequent in patients with infantile - onset s... | vertically incomitant pattern strabismus comprises 50% of infantile horizontal strabismus .
the oblique muscle dysfunction has been associated with pattern strabismus .
high - resolution orbit imaging and contemporary neurophysiology studies in non - human primate models of strabismus have shed light into the mecha... |
although the etiology of ulcerative colitis ( uc ) remains unknown , a systemic immune disorder might be involved in its development .
patients with uc are treated with anti - inflammatory or immunosuppressive treatments , including 5-aminosalicylic acid ( 5-asa ) , corticosteroids , immunomodulators or biologics . h... | refractory ulcerative colitis ( uc ) that does not respond to medical therapy often requires surgery even during pregnancy .
although surgical cases of uc during pregnancy were reported previously , the standard surgical strategy for both colitis and pregnancy was unclear .
herein , fetal and maternal safety as wel... |
ultrasound guided fine - needle aspiration ( usfna ) is accepted as the least invasive and most accurate method of identifying the nature of thyroid nodules ( 1 , 2 ) . during the procedure , the goal is to obtain the most cellular specimen that represents the target nodule .
published literature revealed substantial... | background : the goal of ultrasound guided fine - needle aspiration ( usfna ) is to obtain most cellular specimen that represents the nodule .
however , there is substantial variability in specimen cellularity depending on the obtaining techniques . while performing usfna , it is not clear whether the needle tip shou... |
glucose production ( gp ) is regulated by gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis . in type 2 diabetes , elevation of gp
an elevation of plasma gluconeogenic substrate precursors such as free fatty acids ( ffa ) or lactate is also seen in type 2 diabetes [ 25 ] .
these findings led to the working hypothesis that elevati... | emerging studies indicate that hypothalamic hormonal signalling pathways and nutrient metabolism regulate glucose homeostasis in rodents .
although hypothalamic lactate - sensing mechanisms have been described to lower glucose production ( gp ) , it is currently unknown whether the hypothalamus senses lactate in the ... |
advances in the treatment of locally advanced lung cancer had no impact on overall 5-year survival rates from this disease that remains only of 15% . although the rates of lung cancer mortality have started to decrease in countries where smoking habits have been modified , the projections are not optimistic because of ... | smoke constituents can induce dna adducts that cause mutations and lead to lung cancer .
we have analyzed dna adducts and polymorphisms in two dna repair genes , for example , xrcc1 arg194trp and arg399gln genes and xrcc3 thr241met gene , in 34 lung cancer cases in respect to 30 subjects with benign lung cancer disea... |
unfortunately , in many countries around the world , including ghana , water has become a scarce commodity1 as only a small proportion of the populace has access to treated water .
alternative sources of water such as rainwater and ground water have become major sources of drinking water for people living in new sett... | this study focused upon the determination of physicochemical and microbial properties , including metals , selected anions and coliform bacteria in drinking water samples from hand - dug wells in the kumasi metropolis of the republic of ghana .
the purpose was to assess the quality of water from these sources .
ten... |
achalasia is a chronic esophageal motility disorder associated with esophageal retention of foods and fluids , bacterial overgrowth , and impaired clearance of regurgitated gastric contents .
these factors usually lead to chronic inflammation of the esophageal mucosa , which potentially increases the risk of hyperpla... | chromoendoscopy with lugol 's staining remains the gold standard technique for detecting superficial scc .
an alternative technique , such as narrow - band imaging ( nbi ) , for optical staining would be desirable , since nbi is a simpler technique and has no known complications . in this study
, we compare nbi w... |
adrenocortical carcinoma ( acc ) is a very rare entity in the pediatric population , and is rarely associated with virilizing symptoms .
the gland is grossly enlarged and the phenotypic features overlap with an adrenocortical adenoma , which need to be evaluated carefully , so as to distinguish it from the latter , a... | adrenocortical carcinomas are rare tumors with an incidence of one to two cases per million population and are still more rarer in the pediatric age group .
adrenocortical carcinomas can be functional or may be unassociated with syndromes of hormone overproduction .
it is very important to differentiate an adrenoco... |
the study was conducted in a wintering population of tits in wytham woods , u.k .
1 ) . 1018 nest - boxes suitable for great tits are installed at this site , with the vast majority of great tits breeding in boxes .
individuals are trapped as nestlings and breeding adults at nest - boxes and fitted with both a brit... | in human societies , cultural norms arise when behaviours are transmitted with high - fidelity social learning through social networks1 .
however a paucity of experimental studies has meant that there is no comparable understanding of the process by which socially transmitted behaviours may spread and persist in anim... |
oxatomide is an antihistaminic drug that has been reported to have applications in the treatment of a number of different types of allergic and other hypersensitivity reactions .
these include but are not restricted to the symptomatic treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria , the classical nasal and ocul... | the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of oxatomide -cyclodextrin inclusion complex on the physicochemical properties and bioavailability of the drug .
oxatomide -cyclodextrin solid complex was prepared with equimolar ratio of both oxatomide and -cyclodextrin in presence or absence of water soluble... |
in january 2015 , two sisters aged four ( sibling 1 ) and six ( sibling 2 ) with asymptomatic , consanguineous ( first cousin ) parents were referred to our ophthalmology department for evaluation of bilateral high astigmatism .
both siblings suffered since birth from poor vision in both eyes and photophobia since bi... | we aimed to describe congenital keratoglobus with blue sclera in two siblings with overlapping marshall / stickler phenotype .
two sisters ( ages four and six ) with bilateral high astigmatism were evaluated by slit - lamp microscopy . corneal topography and
pachymetry maps were also obtained .
slit - lamp examin... |
andropause , or more accurately , testosterone deficiency syndrome ( tds ) is one of the new issues which can affect the quality of life in older men .
it is a natural phenomenon that occurs with age in men and is diagnosed by clinical manifestation and a decrease in serum testosterone levels ; it affects the perform... | background : andropause in men refers to the clinical and biochemical syndrome associated with advanced age and characterized by a deficiency in serum testosterone levels . with the increase in aging male population and life span in iran and focus on quality of life , andropause will become a major health issue that ne... |
the latest advances in ultrasonic measurement techniques have helped indentify that 20~30% women have polycystic ovaries ( pco ) .
the incidence of pco is up to 34% for those women diagnosed by reproductive specialists .
a subpopulation of these pco cases is ovulatory pco , in which women do not display any typical... | aim . to compare the basic endocrine profile and outcomes of in vitro fertilization ( ivf ) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) , ovulatory polycystic ovaries ( pco ) , or normal ovaries ( no )
. methods . the basic clinical features and in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer outcome in patients rece... |
development leading to the spread of malaria has been located in terms of disease and political economy .
sheldon watts and ira klein have linked the increase and spread of malaria in colonial india to the rapid commercialisation of agriculture , deforestation , expansion of the railways , construction of embankments... | this article explores the scientific and entrepreneurial incentives for malaria research in the tea plantations of north bengal in colonial india . in the process
it highlights how the logic of
location emerged as the central trope through which medical experts , as well as colonial administrators and planters , de... |
the relative incidence of primary cutaneous lymphoma variants has been widely described in european and north american anglo - saxon countries while little is known regarding the rate of secondary cutaneous and primary oral lymphomas . by contrast , no such studies have been conducted thus far in mexico .
the relati... | background : nonmycosis fungoides / szary syndrome ( non - mf / ss ) primary cutaneous lymphomas ( pcl ) are currently categorized under the 2005-world health organization / european organization for research and treatment of cancer ( who - eortc ) classification for pcl .
these differ in behavior from secondary cuta... |
aesthetics of the orofacial region are very important aspects of human life . they might affect the quality of a patient 's life . among the most important goals of dental care
is helping patients in their attempts to reach an acceptable level of satisfaction with their oral cavity and dentition .
dentofacial condi... | objective . to identify participants ' satisfaction with appearance and the desired treatment
to
improve aesthetics .
materials and methods .
220 participants ( 127 males and 93 females , mean age = 21.4 1.5 years ) were recruited into
the study .
a structured questionnaire was used to assess patients ' sa... |
health is a common theme in most cultures and is a fundamental human right without distinction of race , religion , and political belief , economic and social condition .
oral health is a standard of health of the oral and related tissues that enables an individual to eat , speak and socialize without active disease ... | background : health education for the school age child is a specialized field within the broad discipline of education . oral health education program are educational aspects of any curative , preventive and promotional health activity.aim:the study has been undertaken to evaluate the impact of oral health education on... |
however , all these therapies are associated with a potential risk of damaging the overlying retina .
we report a case of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma ( cch ) in a 59-year - old man refractory to laser treatment . visual acuity was 20/200 and a serous macular detachment was present .
the cch was treated with ... | introductionseveral therapeutic approaches have been developed to treat choroidal hemangioma .
however , all these therapies are associated with a potential risk of damaging the overlying retina.case reportwe report a case of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma ( cch ) in a 59-year - old man refractory to laser treatm... |
the effects of the phosphorylation of serine 273 on the protein structure of ppar were studied by comparing the structures of phosphorylated serine 273 and the wild type , with a particular focus on the dbd of the receptor complex , using md simulations .
although a detailed study on dbd dynamical properties under pe... | peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor gamma ( ppar ) is a key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and has an important role in metabolic syndrome .
phosphorylation of the receptor 's ligand - binding domain at serine 273 has been shown to change the expression of a large number of genes implicated in obesit... |
adolescence is a period of profound changes in the brain structure with a complex interplay between biological , psychological , and social factors .
mental health problems commonly emerge in adolescence and many adolescents have enduring disorders rather than simply a transient teenage emotional turmoil . individu... | early onset schizophrenia ( onset before adulthood ) is a rare , severe , and chronic form of schizophrenia .
the clinical presentation of schizophrenia at this unusually early age of onset has been associated with premorbid developmental abnormalities , poor response to neuroleptic treatment , greater admission rate... |
a seventeen - year - old pregnant woman with a mesencephalic tumor and vp drainage was admitted to the obstetric department to be prepared for elective c - section .
anamnestically , and from the available medical data , we discovered that the patient had the mesencephalon tumor since her 9th year . during her childh... | a seventeen - year - old pregnant woman with a mesencephalic tumor and ventriculoperitoneal ( vp ) drainage was admitted to the hospital at full term pregnancy to give birth .
elective cesarean section was performed because of her prime disease ( mesencephalic tumor ) , breech position of the baby , gestational diabe... |
pain affects all aspects of a person 's life including sleep , work , leisure and
relationships .
it impacts on the lives of sufferers by causing limitations in daily
life and this in turn imposes a huge burden on society , due to the high direct costs
of treatment and indirect costs from lost productivity [ 1 ... | abstractobjectivesthe purpose of the present study was to translate and perform a
cross - cultural adaptation of manchester orofacial pain disability scale to
the portuguese language.material and methodsa synthesis of two independent translations done by bilingual translators
whose mother tongue was the portugues... |
immune checkpoint inhibition with anti - ctla-4 blockade ( e.g. , ipilimumab ) and anti - pd-1 antibodies ( e.g. , nivolumab ) has improved the poor prognosis of unresectable malignant melanoma [ 1 , 2 ] .
these newly approved medications induce many types of immune - related adverse events ( iraes ) , including pneu... | immune checkpoint inhibitors have drastically changed in the treatment of many kinds of malignancies , especially malignant melanoma .
the focus of the recent experiments has not only been on their efficacy but also immune - related adverse events ( iraes ) .
we report a case of fulminant hepatitis due to nivolumab... |
families play an essential role in maintaining children s mental , social , and physical health .
the family provides the first and the most important social context for human development . during the normal development of every child
almost all children will have problems during their development and this , in com... | background : families play an essential role in maintaining children s mental , social , and physical health .
the family provides the first and the most important social context for human development.objectives:the present study aimed to predict early maladaptive schemas using baumrind s parenting styles ( root deve... |
a 17-year - old female patient , resident of south india , presented with the complaints of sudden onset of the decrease in vision with gradual worsening in the left eye for the last 3 months duration .
the patient was diagnosed with p. falciparum malaria about a week prior to the onset of the ophthalmic symptoms wit... | the retinopathy in association with malaria fever described so far includes retinal hemorrhages , vessel changes , retinal discoloration / whitening and papilledema .
malaria retinopathy has been mostly described in severe cases , associated with plasmodium falciparum , correlating the patho - physiology of retinal a... |
the management of critically ill patients with a suspected invasive fungal infection based on predefined clinical and microbiological criteria or the punctuation of a score may be a valid approach when the definitive diagnosis is feasible only in a small proportion of patients .
this is what vandewoude and colleagues... | the clinical relevance of recovering aspergillus species in intensive care unit patients is unknown .
diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is extremely difficult because there are no specific tests sensitive enough to detect it .
the rapidly fatal prognosis of this infection without treatment justifies ear... |
by using a previously described dna restriction analysis procedure ( 7 ) , we studied 76 archived adenovirus isolates collected among influenzalike - illness surveillance sites across iowa from 1992 to 2002 . among the 76 isolates , 40 ( 53% ) were ad7d2 , and 6 ( 8% ) were ad7h ( figure ) .
the first ad7d2 specimen ... | we evaluated 76 adenovirus type 7 ( ad7 ) isolates collected in iowa from 1992 to 2002 and found that genome type ad7d2 became increasingly prevalent . by 2002
, it had supplanted all other ad7 genome types .
the association of ad7d2 with severe illness and death calls for heightened public health concern . |
on the basis of mechanism - driven
reaction design , a pd - catalyzed
nucleophilic fluorination of aryl bromides and iodides has been developed .
the method exhibits a broad substrate scope , especially with respect
to nitrogen - containing heteroaryl bromides , and proceeds with minimal
formation of the corr... | |
details of the alphatocopherol , betacarotene cancer prevention ( atbc ) study have been described.8 male caucasian 5069 year old smokers from southwestern finland ( n = 29,133 ) were recruited from 1985 to 1988 .
they were assigned to one of the following intervention groups based on a 2 2 factorial trial design ... | despite decades of concerted epidemiological research , relatively little is known about the etiology of prostate cancer . as
genomewide association studies have identified numerous genetic variants , so metabolomic profiling of blood and other tissues represents an agnostic ,
broadspectrum
approach for examining... |
a stepwise model of development , from well - differentiated precursors to poorly differentiated progressed hepatocellular carcinomas ( hccs ) , is well established by evidences accumulated in the past three decades . in 1995 and 2009 , international reproducible criteria for the diagnosis of nodular lesions of hepatoc... | tumor hemodynamics of carcinogenic hepatocytes nodules , that is , low grade dysplastic nodules , high grade dysplastic nodules , early hepatocellular carcinomas ( hccs ) , and progressed hccs , change during multistep dedifferentiation of the nodules .
morphometric analyses of inflow vessels of these nodules indicat... |
the cornea is part of the optical system of the eye , and its condition is directly related to the quality of eyesight .
measurement of central corneal thickness ( cct ) and endothelial cell parameters is important when undertaking a functional and morphologic evaluation of the cornea for diagnostic purposes or befor... | backgroundthe purpose of this study was to estimate mean central corneal thickness ( cct ) and determine whether there are any correlations between cct , age , and sex in the adult lithuanian population.methodsa total of 1,650 caucasians of lithuanian origin ( aged 1889 years ) comprising 688 ( 41.7% ) men and 962 ( 58... |
chronic pelvic pain ( cpp ) is estimated to affect more than 9 million women in the united states . up to 40% of laparoscopies and 10% to 12% of all hysterectomies
in addition to lost productivity and decreased quality of life , the diagnosis and treatment of cpp consumes nearly $ 3 billion of health care expenditure... | objective : to determine the prevalence of interstitial cystitis and endometriosis in patients with chronic pelvic pain.methods:a prospective analysis was conducted in 178 women with cpp who presented with bladder base / anterior vaginal wall and/or uterine tenderness , with or without irritative voiding symptoms .
t... |
acute right ventricular ( rv ) failure is associated with significant morbidity and mortality , which may develop as a consequence of acute myocardial infarction , pulmonary embolism , myocarditis , ventricular septal defect or post - cardiotomy [ 2 , 3 ] . despite optimal medical management
the rv may exhibit a grea... | abstracta 58-year - old woman underwent aortic valve replacement . on the second postoperative day the patient referred a sharply chest pain , and an emergent coronary angiography revealed total occlusion of the right coronary artery .
an intra - aortic ballon pump was placed and the patient underwent emergent off - ... |
gain- and loss - of - function experiments have shown laminar - specific effects on local cortical processing ( beltramo et al . , 2013 , olsen et al . , 2012 ) , but how the layers work together remains unclear .
the synchrony of action potential ( ap ) firing across cortical layers is thought to be a fundamental ... | summarythe synchronized activity of six layers of cortical neurons is critical for sensory perception and the control of voluntary behavior , but little is known about the synaptic mechanisms of cortical synchrony across layers in behaving animals .
we made single and dual whole - cell recordings from the primary som... |
with the advancement of dentistry and the growing interest in the developments of ideal materials to replace lost dental tissue , resin - based composites have been widely used to restore posterior teeth .
concerns about aesthetics , the content of mercury in amalgam restorations and the possibility of more conservat... | background : clinical evaluations as fundamental method to prove the efficiency of restorative materials.aim:this study evaluated the clinical performance of restorative systems during 2 years of clinical service.materials and methods : this study assessed the clinical performance of restorative systems ( filtek z250 a... |
although ligands having oxygen and nitrogen as donor atoms are by far the most
extensively studied , interest in sulfur donor chelating agents has grown over
the years and the number of chemical studies in this area has increased considerably .
interest in complexes of these ligand systems now covers several ... | the synthesis , structure , electrochemistry , and biological studies of co(ii ) , ni(ii ) , cu(ii ) , and zn(ii ) complexes of thiocarbohydrazone ligand are described .
the ligand is synthesized starting from thiocarbohydrazide and isatin .
it is evident from the ir data that in all the complexes , only one part o... |
allergen - specific immunotherapy in the treatment of ige - mediated allergy has been used for longer than a century ; yet , its major form , subcutaneous immunotherapy ( scit ) has not become a widely accepted routine treatment for allergy .
patients will often suffer from severe symptoms and allergic comorbidities ... | due to its excellent safety profile , ease of administration , and economic considerations , sublingual immunotherapy ( slit ) is becoming a preferred form of allergen specific immunotherapy .
the efficacy of slit is still debated .
the purpose of this act of practice trial is to evaluate quality of life outcomes i... |
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