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hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) is one of the major causes of chronic liver disease in the world . more importantly , many of those patients with chronic hepatitis c eventually develop cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma . following infection with hcv , only about 15% of patients can clear the virus , while 6080% of p...
interleukin-33 ( il-33 ) is associated with the development of th2 responses . this study examined the potential role of il-33 in the pathogenic process of chronic hepatitis c ( chc ) in chinese patients . the levels of serum il-33 and sst2 in 154 patients with chc , 24 with spontaneously resolved hcv ( sr - hcv ) ...
funding for travel or speaker honoraria : ( 1 ) istanbul ms days , novartis pharmaceuticals , speaker honoraria payment to mayo clinic . no personal compensation . ( 2 ) invited professor program , biogen - boston , speaker honoraria payment to mayo clinic . no personal compensation . other activities : grant re...
before the genomics technology revolution allowed us to do genome - wide science , genetics research relied on our limited knowledge about a subject to generate hypothesis and candidate genes to study . despite the level of naivet , several associations with susceptibility to a complex disease such as multiple sclerosi...
this open , randomized controlled trial recruited diabetes hamilton registrants between june 2005 and november 2008 . people aged 40 years with type 2 diabetes of at least 1 year duration and whose a1c was 7% were included . individuals who were pregnant , institutionalized , living with another study participant ,...
objectiveit is unknown whether computer - generated , patient - tailored feedback leads to improvements in glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes.research design and methodswe recruited people with type 2 diabetes aged 40 years with a glycated hemoglobin ( a1c ) 7% , living in hamilton , canada , who were enro...
study participants were drawn from the women 's health study ( whs ) , a completed randomized , double - blinded , placebo - controlled trial of low - dose aspirin and vitamin e in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) and cancer in women ( 1113 ) . whs participants were apparently healthy female h...
objectivediabetic dyslipoproteinemia is characterized by low hdl cholesterol and high triglycerides . we examined the association of lipoprotein particle size and concentration measured by nuclear magnetic resonance ( nmr ) spectroscopy with clinical type 2 diabetes.research design and methodsthis was a prospective s...
the symposium is conducted annually by the angelman treatment and research institute , a part of the angelman syndrome foundation ( www.angelman.org ) . the theme for this year 's symposium was the neuroscience of ube3a from genes to behavior . the program consisted of invited speakers and other presentations and ...
this report is a meeting summary of the 2010 angelman syndrome foundation 's scientific symposium on the neuroscience of ube3a . angelman syndrome is characterized by loss of speech , severe developmental delay , seizures , and ataxia . these core symptoms are caused by maternal allele disruptions of a single gene ...
high - resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography ( hr - pqct ) is a novel imaging modality that noninvasively assesses trabecular and cortical bone microstructure at the distal radius and tibia [ 1 , 2 ] . although areal bone mineral density ( abmd ) , as assessed by dual - energy x - ray absorptiometry ...
the trabecular and cortical compartments of bone each contributes to bone strength . until recently , assessment of trabecular and cortical microstructure has required a bone biopsy . now , trabecular and cortical microstructure of peripheral bone sites can be determined noninvasively using high - resolution periph...
the sequential deletion method and other biological and biochemical experiments are generally used to locate the functional domain of a protein . for example , a previous study ( 1 ) used the sequential deletion method accompanied by manual pcr primers design to generate the n - terminal truncated mutants of differen...
the sequential deletion method is generally used to locate the functional domain of a protein . with this method , in order to find the various n - terminal truncated mutants , researchers have to investigate the atg - like codons , to design various multiplex polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) forward primers and to do...
anti - glomerular basement membrane ( gbm ) antibody disease is a prototypical autoimmune disease characterized by pulmonary hemorrhage and crescentic necrotizing glomerular disease as a result of antibodies targeting the non - collagenous 1 domain of the 3 subunit of type 4 collagen [ 3(iv)nc1 ] . the disease course...
anti - glomerular basement membrane ( gbm ) antibody disease is a typically monophasic autoimmune disease with severe pulmonary and renal involvement . we report an atypical case of frequently relapsing anti - gbm antibody disease with both anti - gbm antibody positive flares with pulmonary and renal involvement , ...
nucleotides stored in the cells not only serve as substrates for nucleic acid biosynthesis but also participate in the energy metabolism and signal transduction . nitric oxide ( no ) is a gaseous free radical that is synthesized by nitric oxide synthases ( noss ) . no plays important roles in the regulation of dive...
oxidized and nitrated nucleotides including 8-oxogunanine and 8-nitroguanine derivatives such as 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate were generated by reactive nitrogen oxides and reactive oxygen species in cultured cells and in tissues . 8-oxoguanine and 8-nitroguanine in dna and rna are potentially mutageni...
globally , noncommunicable diseases ( ncds ) , mainly cancer , cardiovascular diseases ( cvd ) , chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases ( copd ) , and diabetes mellitus ( dm ) , are the most important causes of deaths and disability - adjusted life years ( dalys ) . as of 2010 , 65% of total deaths in the world were at...
noncommunicable diseases ( ncds ) are the most important causes of premature mortality and disability - adjusted life years in korea . ncds are also the main contributor to socioeconomic inequalities in mortality and life expectancy . reduction of ncds and ncd inequalities would result in significant improvement in...
to enable a broadscale screening and protein profiling for the potential identification of novel biomarker candidates associated with dili , we here set out an explorative affinity proteomics strategy . an initial nontargeted discovery screening that encompassed 4594 antibodies targeting 3450 unique proteins , repres...
abstractbackground & aimsthe occurrence of druginduced liver injury ( dili ) is a major issue in all phases of drug development . to identify novel biomarker candidates associated with dili , we utilised an affinity proteomics strategy , where antibody suspension bead arrays were applied to profile plasma and serum sam...
anorectal melanoma is associated with an extremely poor prognosis regardless of the aggressiveness of surgical therapy ; it is commonly incurable at presentation , with many patients developing systemic metastasis within a year after diagnosis . however , reports have noted that long - term survival was seen only in ...
objective : numerous concerns have been raised relative to the appropriateness of laparoscopic surgery for cure of rectal adenocarcinomas . however , because of their rarity , little information exists about the role of laparoscopy for other anorectal malignancies . we report the outcome of five patients who underwen...
secondary data analysis is analysis of data that was collected by someone else for another primary purpose . increasingly , generalist researchers start their careers conducting analyses of existing datasets , and some continue to make this the focus of their career . using secondary data enables one to conduct stu...
abstractsecondary analyses of large datasets provide a mechanism for researchers to address high impact questions that would otherwise be prohibitively expensive and time - consuming to study . this paper presents a guide to assist investigators interested in conducting secondary data analysis , including advice on t...
the genus listeria is composed of 17 species , including two that are recognized pathogens . of these , l. monocytogenes is considered as the only human pathogen causing listeriosis , a highly lethal opportunistic infection caused by ingestion of contaminated food . the second pathogenic species is l. ivanovii , ...
we sequenced the genome of listeria ivanovii strain g770 , which caused a deadly infection of the thoracic aortic prosthesis of a 78-year - old man . the 2.9 mb genome exhibited 21 specific genes among l. ivanovii strains , including five genes encoding a type i restriction modification system and one glycopeptide r...
single coronary artery ( sca ) is a rare congenital anomaly of the coronary arteries arising from a single coronary ostium1 ) . the clinical significance of sca is not clear , and it is generally considered to be a benign entity . there are some case reports of sca in adults , but there are a few such reported case...
the presence of a single coronary artery is a rare congenital anomaly ; such patients often present with severe myocardial ischemia . we experienced the case of a 13-year - old girl with the right coronary artery originating from the left circumflex artery . she visited our emergency department owing to severe ches...
hypertension ( ht ) is a common cardiovascular disease globally and it causes significant morbidity and mortality . ht affects about one - fifth of adult nigerians.[14 ] it is a risk factor for erectile dysfunction ( ed ) in men . many studies have reported a higher prevalence of ed in hypertensive induviduals comp...
background : microalbuminuria has been described as a marker of generalized vascular damage.aims:the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of erectile dysfunction ( ed ) and microalbuminuria in adult male nigerians with newly diagnosed hypertension . we also evaluated the relations between ed and m...
even though the quantity of brain tissue accounts for only 23% of the total body weight , it requires 2025% of the total oxygen supply . because of the limited oxygen and glucose reserves , brain tissue is susceptible to hypoxic - ischemic injury young and middle - aged patients are a high - risk population for traum...
backgroundhyperbaric oxygen ( hbo ) is a historical therapeutic option in the treatment of various types of brain damage . at present , clinical treatment of hypoxic - ischemic injury is giving priority to cognitive training . the effects of hbo on cognitive dysfunction were observed in a controlled cortical impact...
solitary fibrous tumors ( sfts ) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms of fibroblastic origin , most commonly found in the pleura . in fact , they are ubiquitous neoplasms , and non - serosal extrathoracic locations have been reported during the last 2 decades , including intra - abdominal cases . given the rarity of thes...
solitary fibrous tumors ( sfts ) are mesenchymal neoplasms of fibroblastic origin , most commonly found in the pleura . numerous extrathoracic locations have been reported during the last 2 decades . herein , we report the first case of an sft in the round ligament of the liver . a 46-year - old caucasian man prese...
plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm in the urinary bladder recognized by recent who classification of urothelial carcinoma . it is an aggressive variant associated with poor prognosis that presents at an advanced clinical stage . limited data is available about the pathological , immunohi...
plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma is an uncommon and aggressive variant of urothelial carcinoma associated with late presentation and poor prognosis . we discuss here the first reported case from india of a 54-year - old male who presented with hematuria . cystoscopy showed edematous and ulcerated mucosa throughout...
fabry disease ( fd ; omim 301500 ) is a rare x - linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme -galactosidase a ( -gal a ; ec 3.2.1.22 ) which is encoded by the gla gene ( omim 300644 , refseq nm_000169.2 ) . phenotypic expression of fd is highly variable , ranging from a milder p...
fabry disease is a rare x - linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of the -galactosidase a ( -gal a ) enzyme , which is encoded by the gla gene . gla transcription in humans produces a major mrna encoding -gal a and a minor mrna of unknown function , which retains a 57-nucleotide - long cryptic exon b...
the mitochondrial genomes of angiosperms exhibit a diverse array of features that contribute to increased genomic complexity , including numerous genes and introns , a large amount of intergenic and repetitive dna , and abundant cytidine - to - uridine ( c - to - u ) rna editing ( knoop 2012 ; mower et al . for examp...
the mitochondrial nad1 gene of seed plants has a complex structure , including four introns in cis or trans configurations and a maturase gene ( matr ) hosted within the final intron . in the geranium family ( geraniaceae ) , however , sequencing of representative species revealed that three of the four introns , inc...
the history of microbiological research has been dominated by investigations of the agents of human infectious disease . motivated by the desire to culture , characterize , and understand the pathogenicity mechanisms of these organisms , several centuries of microbiological research culminated in a broad rang...
probiotics have a range of proposed health benefits for the consumer , which may include modulating the levels of beneficial elements in the microbiota . recent investigations using molecular approaches have revealed a human intestinal microbiota comprising over 1000 phylotypes . mechanisms whereby probiotics impac...
in this paper , we will try to highlight the importance of various investigations and their crucial role in identifying whether the defect is structural or functional . subsequently , although all ophthalmic signs resolved , she complained of decreased vision in her left eye . initial ophthalmic injury was detected...
aimin this paper , we will try to highlight the importance of various investigations and their crucial role in identifying whether the defect is structural or functional.case historya 24-year - old woman presented with ocular complications after bungee jumping . subsequently , although all ophthalmic signs resolved ,...
acute - phase response is a set of immediate host inflammatory reactions that counteract challenges , such as tissue injury , infection , and trauma . acute - phase proteins , including c - reactive protein ( crp ) and serum amyloid a ( saa ) , are primarily produced by hepatocytes and chiefly induced by the proinfla...
to test the statistical association of the crp and saa1 locus variants with their corresponding circulating levels and metabolic and inflammatory biomarker levels by using mediation analysis , a sample population of 599 taiwanese subjects was enrolled and five crp and four saa1 variants were genotyped . correlation a...
urticaria represents a transient edema within the dermis ; the individual urticarial lesions characteristically clear within hours . it is a vascular reaction of the skin , triggered by many known as well as unknown factors that result in liberation of vasoactive substances such as histamine , prostaglandins , and ki...
background : urticaria is a common dermatological manifestation in adults with relatively infrequent occurrence of chronic urticaria ( cu ) in childhood . the etiology of urticaria in childhood remains incompletely understood because of limited data on children.objective:we carried out this retrospective data - based s...
tsetse flies are large biting and blood - feeding flies of great economic , veterinary , and medical importance , due to their ability to transmit african animal and human trypanosomoses . tsetse - transmitted trypanosomoses occur in 38 sub - saharan african countries with averages of 15,000 human cases and one milli...
in order to understand the epidemiology of trypanosomoses in gashaka - gumti national park , nigeria , we determined the density , infection rates , and feeding patterns of tsetse flies using biconical traps , its , and mitochondrial cytochrome b pcrs . a total of 631 tsetse flies were captured , of which 531 ( 84.2%...
membrane depolarization elicited outward current through inward rectifier k channels exhibits profound relaxation . consequently , with identical k concentrations on both sides of the membrane the steady - state outward macroscopic current at positive membrane voltages is much smaller than the inward current at the co...
in intact cells the depolarization - induced outward irk1 currents undergo profound relaxation so that the steady - state macroscopic i - v curve exhibits strong inward rectification . a modest degree of rectification persists after the membrane patches were perfused with artificial solutions devoid of mg2 + and poly...
the generation of genetic mutants in caenorhabditis elegans has long relied on the selection of mutations in large - scale screens . directed mutagenesis of specific loci in the genome would greatly speed up analysis of gene function . here , we adapt the crispr / cas9 system to generate mutations at specific sites i...
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ( cin ) is a premalignant disease , often leading to invasive cervical cancer . it is widely known that cin is caused by an infection with high - risk human papillomavirus ( hpv ) types [ 3 , 4 ] . interestingly , most hpv infections are transient and do not lead to cin . genetic ...
background . transporter associated with antigen processing ( tap ) is responsible for peptide loading onto class i major histocompatibility complex ( mhc - i ) molecules . tap seems to facilitate the detection of hpv by mhc - i molecules and contributes to successful eradication of hpv . tap polymorphisms could ha...
it is transmitted by infected female anopheline mosquitoes when they feed on humans for their oviposition and is responsible for millions of deaths every year around the world ( 1 ) . malaria as on today is among the major infectious diseases causing considerable deaths and can be assumed as prime etiological factor ...
malaria remains a complex problem during the pregnancy , which threatens > 35 millions pregnant women every year . malaria pathogenesis in pregnancy results in accumulation of infected rbcs in the intervillous spaces causing severe alterations leading to the reduced materno - foetal exchanges . in this article we h...
large - scale programs to provide anti retroviral therapy ( art ) have expanded to combat the epidemic of hiv / aids in india which is third among the populations of hiv - positive cases in the world . however , the expansion art programs have also brought challenges . successful implementation of an art program hing...
introduction : national aids control organization ( naco ) has expanded the reach of anti retroviral therapy ( art ) to combat the epidemic of hiv / aids in india which has one of the largest populations of people living with hiv / aids ( plwha ) in the world . one of the major challenges related to art is a lifelong...
levetiracetam is an anti - epileptic drug used for the treatment of partial and generalized seizures . we report the case of a 69-year - old woman with previously normal renal function who developed acute granulomatous interstitial nephritis ( gin ) requiring dialysis following levetiracetam consumption . a 69-year...
granulomatous interstitial nephritis ( gin ) is an uncommon cause of renal failure , which may be caused by drugs . levetiracetam is an increasingly used anti - epileptic medication that is not known to cause renal toxicity in adults . to our knowledge , levetiracetam has not previously been reported as a cause of ...
" man is a creature composed of countless millions of cells : a microbe is composed of only one , yet throughout the ages the two have been in ceaseless conflict " septic shock remains a common cause of death in intensive care units worldwide and presents the clinician with a variety of management problems . the surv...
the choice of inotropic agent , particularly in catecholamine - resistant septic shock , remains an area of debate . here we discuss a recent trial examining the use of vasopressin in a carefully controlled trial setting . yet more data on the use of drotrecogin alfa ( activated ) in septic shock are described , as...
aging is currently perceived as an ongoing physiological process that intertwines the patho - biological mechanisms of a diseased state , influencing the development of a clinically evident morbidity . the field of cardiovascular disease is thus oriented to consider the aging process as the determinant of a priori ...
cardiovascular aging is a physiological process gradually leading to structural degeneration and functional loss of all the cardiac and vascular components . conduction system is also deeply influenced by the aging process with relevant reflexes in the clinical side . age - related arrhythmias carry significant mor...
a number of studies over the last 15 years have provided converging evidence showing that dyslexic readers of languages with orthographies more regular than english suffer from a pervasive and persistent reading speed deficit , but much less from the reading accuracy problem which is characteristic for dyslexic childr...
this study examined functional brain abnormalities in dyslexic german readers who due to the regularity of german in the reading direction do not exhibit the reading accuracy problem of english dyslexic readers , but suffer primarily from a reading speed problem . the in - scanner task required phonological lexical...
community acquired pneumonia ( cap ) is one of the main concerns of health services which only causes to 1.7 million cases of hospitalization annually in the united states ( 1 , 2 ) . it is one of the most common infectious diseases and important causes of mortality and morbidity in worldwide ( 3 ) . streptococcus ...
introduction : chest x - ray ( cxr ) is the simplest diagnostic tool of community acquired pneumonia ( cap ) , but it has some limitation . therefore , the aim of this study is comparing the diagnostic accuracy of cxr and chest ultrasonography ( cus ) in detection of cap . methods : in the present study , a consecuti...
metaplastic breast cancer ( mpbc ) is an extremely rare breast cancer subtype constituting 0.25% to 1% of all breast cancers . histopathologically , mpbc is characterized by a heterogeneous phenotype , most commonly with epithelial and mesenchymal components . mpbc is typically associated with rapid metastasis and ...
metaplastic breast cancer ( mpbc ) is an extremely rare breast cancer subtype , characterized by a heterogeneous phenotype . mpbc aggressive biology is attributed to its stem cell - like characteristics . since these tumors are largely chemoresistant , novel targeted therapies should be explored . herein , we rep...
epstein - barr virus ( ebv ) and cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) are members of the herpesvirus family . co - infection with these two viruses occurs occasionally in children , but co - reactivation of these viruses has not been reported . ebv is a double - stranded dna herpesvirus that infects and persists in > 90% of hum...
epstein - barr virus ( ebv ) and cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) are members of the herpesvirus family and common causes of viral infection in humans . cmv infection of the gastrointestinal tract occurs mainly in immunocompromised individuals , on the other hand ebv infection and reactivation involving the gastrointestinal t...
alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is a neurodegenerative disorder that will affect 15 million people in usa alone in the next ten years [ 1 , 2 ] . the most common form of the disease is the late onset form ( load ) that affects people older than 65 . load is caused by a complex interaction of risk factors including age ...
we report that ntrk2 , the gene encoding for the trkb receptor , can regulate app metabolism , specifically aicd levels . using the human neuroblastoma cell line sh - sy5y , we characterized the effect of three trkb isoforms ( fl , shc , t ) on app metabolism by knockdown and overexpression . we found that trkb fl in...
it has been documented that pregnancy is a unique immunological state with both immune response and tolerance against fetus antigens ( 1 ) . previous studies demonstrated that the imbalanced immune responses against fetus antigens can result in abnormality in pregnancy . cytokines as important immune molecules , pl...
imbalanced immune responses against fetus alloantigens can lead to abnormality in pregnancy . interleukin-10 ( il-10 ) plays key roles in regulation of immune responses against self and foreign antigens to induce tolerance to these antigens . therefore , alteration in expression of il-10 during pregnancy may result...
chemotherapy - induced nausea and vomiting ( cinv ) is one of the most unpleasant side effects for patients receiving chemotherapy . it can have a significant effect on a patient 's qualify of lifeand prevent continuation of chemotherapy . the incidence and severity of cinv are affected by diverse factors , includi...
purposecombination therapy with aprepitant , serotonin receptor antagonist , and steroids improves the complete response rate of both acute and delayed chemotherapy - induced nausea and vomiting ( cinv ) . however , it is not known whether ramosetron is suitable for administration in combination with aprepitant . t...
as a service to our authors and readers , this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors . such materials are peer reviewed and may be reorganized for online delivery , but are not copyedited or typeset . technical support issues arising from supporting information ( other than missing files )...
abstractanalytical methods that enable visualization of nanomaterials derived from solution selfassembly processes in organic solvents are highly desirable . herein , we demonstrate the use of stimulated emission depletion microscopy ( sted ) and single molecule localization microscopy ( smlm ) to map living crystalliz...
body weight and body mass index ( bmi ) are independent risk factors for mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) patients [ 1 , 2 ] . we researched the relationships between possible nutritional parameters ( haemoglobin levels , serum albumin , blood urea nitrogen , creatinine , cholesterol , trig...
the aim of this study was to reveal the relationships between nutritional parameters and pulmonary functions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) in both sexes . spirometric , laboratory , and demographic data of 450 consecutive patients were analysed retrospectively . males had significa...
therefore , the main challenge for commercial plasma collectors in the us is to apply procedures that will safeguard the quality and safety of the product . in many other countries , however , nonremunerated plasma donation is the usual practice . this means that specific interventions not based on monetary incentive...
this study tested the efficacy of interventions to recruit new plasma donors among whole blood donors . a sample of 924 donors was randomized to one of three conditions : control ; information only by nurse ; and information plus self - positive image message by nurse ( spi ) . participants in the control condition...
ductal carcinoma is the most common exocrine tumor of the pancreas and is subdivided into adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma . adenocarcinoma , the most common subtype , comprises 80% of all malignant tumors of the pancreas,1,2 while primary squamous cell carcinoma is an extremely rare subtype of ductal carci...
solitary pancreatic metastasis of esophageal cancer is extremely rare . we report the case of a 58-year - old male admitted with esophageal cancer . additional asymptomatic solitary hepatic and pancreatic masses were observed in the staging work - up for esophageal cancer . the hepatic mass was confirmed as a pri...
first generation antipsychotics along with amisulpride , risperidone , paliperidone , and zotepine have been consistently reported to be associated with the high rates of hyperprolactinemia and termed as prolactin - raising , whereas clozapine , olanzapine , quetiapine , ziprasidone , and aripiprazole , which have a ...
hyperprolactinemia is a common adverse effect of antipsychotic medication . switching over to aripiprazole or adjunctive aripiprazole has been advocated for optimal management of antipsychotic - induced hyperprolactinemia . adjunctive treatment with aripiprazole has been shown to normalize prolactin levels without af...
the functions of the brain and other body system organs are strongly dependent on proper cardiac performance . our daily life appropriately emphasizes the strong connections between the heart , emotional reactions and social functions . therefore , the appearance of normal emotional reactions such as shock , fear ,...
background : three decades ago , epidemiologists began to report a strong association between depression and cardiovascular disease - morbidity and mortality , and in the last decade , many large - scale studies have identified depression as an important risk factor for coronary artery disease ( cad ) and its morbidity...
after obtaining clearance from the institutional board of studies and informed consent , horizontal strabismus patients qualifying for symmetrical recession or resection surgeries on the horizontal rectii were included . anesthesia utilized was either standard peribulbar block or general anesthesia ( propofol and nit...
introduction : minimal access surgery is common in all fields of medicine . we compared a new minimally invasive strabismus surgery ( miss ) approach with a standard paralimbal strabismus surgery ( spss ) approach in terms of post - operative course.materials and methods : this parallel design study was done on 28 ey...
chronic bronchitis is estimated to affect between 3.7% and 6.8% of the population in europe ( ball and make 1998 ) , and prevalence increases with age ( mcguire et al 2001 ) . patients with chronic bronchitis are predisposed to recurrent attacks of bronchial inflammation termed acute exacerbations of chronic bronchi...
exacerbations of chronic bronchitis ( aecb ) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) , and their impact on public health is increasing . the new fluoroquinolones have an excellent spectrum providing cover for the most important respiratory pathogens...
periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontium which elicits an immune response resulting in loss of supporting structures of the teeth . it is independent of various ethnic groups and may be present in children to the elderly . the usual modes of treatment for periodontitis include informing the pati...
background : the anti - inflammatory and immune enhancing effects of coenzyme q10 ( coq10 ) and hyaluronic acid are well established in medical literature . the present study was undertaken to evaluate their role in chronic periodontitis.materials and methods : one hundred twenty sites in 24 patients with clinically co...
the world health organization defines suicide act as the injury with varying degrees of lethal intent and that suicide may be defined as a suicidal act with fatal outcome . deliberate self - harm is a major issue in the health care all over the world . many factors including biological , socio - cultural , and per...
background : though deliberate self - harm encompasses a wide variety of medical and social disciplines some of the important psychosocial variable such as life events , social support , coping strategies , and quality of life have not yet been explored in depth in india.aims:the aim was to analyze and compare the type...
if untreated , it can lead to pain and discomfort and finally loss of teeth . the disease is not self - limiting and without adequate intervention , the process can continue until the tooth is destroyed . the term caries denotes both the disease process and its consequences , that is , the damage caused by the di...
aim . to correlate the prevalence of dental caries to body mass index , daily sugar intake , and oral hygiene status of 12-year - old school children of mathura city . material and methods . the study design was cross - sectional and included 100 school children aged 12 years ( n = 50 boys and n = 50 girls ) who we...
endoscopic submucosal dissection ( esd ) was introduced for treating early gastric cancer with a minimal risk of regional lymph node and distant metastases 1 . esd is currently performed worldwide because neoplasms can be resected en bloc , and a detailed pathological assessment of resected specimens can be performed...
background and study aims positive horizontal margins in resected specimens are sometimes encountered after endoscopic submucosal dissection ( esd ) for early gastric cancers , and appropriate treatment strategies for these cases are not established . the aim of this study was to evaluate current empirical treatment...
hormonal disorders of female reproductive system is comprised of a number of problems resulting from aberrant dysfunction of hypo - thalamic - pituitary - ovarian axis . proper evaluation of these disorders involves a multidimensional diagnostic approach , with a pivotal contribution from clinical laboratories ( 1 ) ...
introductionthe increased prevalence of upper normal limit of tsh and raised anti - thyroperoxidase antibody titer indicate , relatively more frequent occurrence of compensated thyroid function in infertile women . this finding necessitates considering such cases for a thorough investigation of pituitary - thyroid ax...
there are only four reported cases in the medical literature describing typical bronchial carcinoids metastasizing to the brain . little is known about the pathogenesis and presentation of this disease due to the very small patient population . a 67-year - old hispanic female presented to our hospital with a three ...
introductiontypical bronchial carcinoid tumors are known for their relatively indolent behavior . there are only four reported cases in the medical literature describing typical bronchial carcinoids metastasizing to the brain . little is known about the pathogenesis and presentation of this disease due to the very ...
the zebov makona strain seed stock originated from serum from a fatal case during the 2014 outbreak in gukdou , guinea ( zebov isolate homo sapiens - wt / gin/2014/ makona - gueckedou - c07 , accession number kj660347.2 ) and was passaged twice in authenticated vero e6 cells obtained from atcc ( atcc , crl-1586 ) [ 11 ...
nonhuman primate ( nhp ) models of ebola virus ( ebov ) infection primarily use parenteral or aerosol routes of exposure . uniform lethality can be achieved in these models at low doses of ebov ( 100 plaque - forming units [ pfu ] ) . here , we exposed nhps to low doses of ebov ( makona strain ) by the oral or conjun...
the term hemophagocytosis describes the pathologic finding of activated macrophages , engulfing erythrocytes , leukocytes , platelets , and their precursor cells . hlh is an unusual syndrome characterized by fever , splenomegaly , jaundice , and the pathologic finding of hemophagocytosis ( phagocytosis by macrophages...
hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a clinic pathologic entity characterized by increased proliferation and activation of benign macrophages with hemophagocytosis throughout the reticuloendothelial system . it is a potentially lethal disorder due to an uncontrolled immune response to a triggering agent . hps may ...
over 160 million people worldwide are chronically infected with the hcv virus . besides the liver related complications of hcv infection such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma , chronic infection is associated in several studies with extrahepatic disorders , including metabolic derangements . though not m...
chronic hepatitis c virus infection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality , as a result of progression towards advanced natural course stages including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma . on the other hand , the svr following successful therapy is generally associated with resolution of liver di...
crisis services are now a well - established part of the mental health systems in north america.1 these programs have been found to be successful in improving access to mental health system for those with acute emotional or mental health problems and to help persons deal with a crisis . crisis services are also a cos...
backgroundcognitive behavioral therapy ( cbt ) is found to be effective for common mental disorders and has been delivered in self - help and guided self - help formats . crisis and transitional case management ( tcm ) services play a vital role in managing clients in acute mental health crises . it is , therefore ...
details of the patient population , along with inclusion and exclusion criteria , have been previously described . in brief , patients 18 years of age with active up or ups extending 5 cm , but no further than 40 cm , from the anal verge were eligible for enrollment in the studies ( clinicaltrials.gov : nct01008410 and...
background : rectal budesonide foam is a second - generation corticosteroid efficacious for active mild to moderate ulcerative proctitis and ulcerative proctosigmoiditis . this subgroup analysis examined the impact of baseline oral 5-aminosalicylic acid ( 5-asa ) on the efficacy and safety of budesonide foam in patie...
this study was conducted in accordance with a protocol approved by an institutional animal care and use committee of the national institutes of health . all laboratory work with potentially infectious materials was conducted in a biosafety level facility at the rocky mountain laboratories ( division of intramural res...
we demonstrated that previous vaccination with a vesicular stomatitis virus ( vsv)based lassa virus vaccine does not alter protective efficacy of subsequent vaccination with a vsv - based ebola virus vaccine . these findings demonstrate the utility of vsv - based vaccines against divergent viral pathogens , even when...
early and accurate assessment of the thoracolumbar spine is an important aspect of trauma reception and resuscitation . between 19% and 50% of fractures may have associated neurological damage to the spinal cord.1 missed or delayed diagnosis can lead to a multitude of problems including long - term pain , reduced qua...
introductionthe aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that all blunt trauma patients , presenting with a glasgow coma scale ( gcs ) score of 15 , without intoxication or neurological deficit , and no pain or tenderness on log - roll can have any thoracolumbar fracture excluded without imaging.materials and metho...
the presence of < 103 spermatozoa / ml in seminal fluid after centrifugation is called cryptozoospermia that none are seen in initial evaluation ( 1 ) . patients with cryptozoospermia also suffer from transient azoospermia , which means that only a few mature spermatozoa may be found in their ejaculate , and hence ...
backgroundcryptozoospermia ( co ) is a situation in which spermatozoa can not be observed in a fresh semen sample unless an extended centrifugation and microscopic search are performed . co patients are suggested to use only intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( icsi ) as infertility treatment . but still there is deb...
external ventricular drainage ( evd ) is an important neuro - surgical procedure performing under emergent conditions . the ideal target for ventricular placement is usually within the ipsilateral frontal horn just anterior to the monro foramen2 ) . even though the freehand technique using superficial anatomical la...
to introduce a new device for catheter placement of an external ventricular drain ( evd ) of cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) . this device was composed of three portions , t - shaped main body , rectangular pillar having a central hole to insert a catheter and an arm pointing the tragus . the main body has a role to di...
olive flounder , paralichthys olivaceus has a flattened oval body , mainly occurs at the benthos in water depths of 10200 m , and is widely distributed in korea and east asia ( han et al . , 2007 ) . it is the most important cultured fish in korea , with approximately 40,922 tons of this species having been produced ...
the optimum concentrations of clove oil as an anesthetic for olive flounder ( paralichthys olivaceus ) and the stress response of the fish to clove oil anesthesia were determined over a range of water temperatures , and investigated in a simulated transport experiment using analysis of various water and physiological p...
the hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) , which belongs to the hepadnavirus family , is a small circular dna virus containing a nucleocapsid and an envelope . hbv nucleocapsid contains a relatively small and incompletely double stranded 3.2 kb dna genome , viral polymerase and core protein . its envelope is composed of viral...
hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) is a human pathogen , causing the serious liver disease . despite considerable advances in the understanding of the natural history of hbv disease , most of the early steps in the virus life cycle remain unclear . virus attachment to permissive cells , fusion and penetration through cell m...
acute rejection , observed after renal transplantation , has a significant impact for long - term renal allograft survival . even though its incidence was reduced by new immunosuppressive drugs , it remains a major problem after renal transplantation . acute rejection is a cell - mediated immune response th...
genes involved in acute rejection ( ar ) after organ transplantation remain to be further elucidated . in a previous work we have demonstrated the under - expression of ve - cadherin by endothelial cells ( ec ) in ar following murine and human heart transplantation . serial sections from 15 human kidney banff - grade...
the nhs was started in 1976 when 121,700 married female registered nurses aged 3055 years received a questionnaire on health status and potential risk factors for major chronic diseases . ever since , participants were sent questionnaires biennially and the response rates have been 90% ( 8) . the nhs was approved by ...
objectiveto evaluate to what extent the association between family history of diabetes and risk of type 2 diabetes can be explained by excess adiposity and lifestyle risk factors.research design and methodswe analyzed data from 73,227 women who participated in the nurses ' health study cohort . a family history of di...
penile squamous cell carcinoma ( scc ) is a rare but challenging urological tumour with a potentially devastating course of disease . only a few studies with larger scale patient cohorts have been published due to the low prevalence . the heterogeneous clinical appearance and different diagnostic and therapeutic st...
introductionpenile carcinoma has an incidence of 4,000 cases in europe . the therapy and prognosis depend decisively on the lymph node status . lymph node metastases are detected in 2365% cases depending on the histopathological pattern . due to improved diagnostic methods an early detection of tumor stage is pos...
as surgeons gain more experience and instrumentation technology advances , more challenging procedures are attempted . acute and chronic inflammation , fistulization , and abscesses make dissection and mobilization difficult . in 1995 , we published our experience with 25 patients and demonstrated that laparoscopic...
background : this study reviews our experience with laparoscopic - assisted ileocolic resection in patients with crohn 's disease . the adequacy and safety of this procedure as measured by intraoperative and postoperative complications were evaluated . special attention was paid to the group in which laparoscopy was ...
currently , complete surgical resection represents the only curative treatment for lung cancer1 . however , the majority of lung cancer survivors who undergo lung resection experience pulmonary complications ; one - third of these patients report dyspnea , and one - fifth suffer from severely diminished pulmona...
[ purpose ] this study evaluated the effects of caregiver education on pulmonary rehabilitation of patients who have undergone lung resection for cancer . [ subjects ] patients were divided into experimental ( n = 22 ) and control ( n = 19 ) groups . [ methods ] the caregivers of the experimental group patien...
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is a common disease and a major cause of death worldwide . it is the fourth main cause of death behind cardiac disease , cancer , and cerebrovascular disease in the united states , with a disease - related death incidence of 43.2 per 100,000 population . the death rate...
background : we investigated the difference of clinical practice pattern between end - stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) patients with and without palliative care at the end of life in taiwan.materials and methods : a total of 91 copd patients who died in an acute care hospital were enrolled from one...
there is an increasing concern amongst the women and girls about the appearance of their external genitalia . many women and adolescent girls present with labia hypertrophy . a young girl presenting with labia hypertrophy is quite unusual . a child with severe hypertrophy of bilateral labia minora patient a , young...
labia minora hypertrophy is a relatively uncommon surgical entity being popularised in the realm of vulvovaginal plastic surgeries . apart from the unaesthetic appearance of the hypertrophied minora , these cases are also associated with itching , hygiene problem , pain while sitting down , sports activities , diffic...
living donor kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end - stage renal failure for several reasons . the transplant is performed when the donor and the recipient are in optimum medical condition and at a time that is convenient for them and for their families . moreover , recipients of l...
virtually , all studies reporting the outcomes of living kidney donation beyond the first year from donation were retrospective . in this prospective study , the outcome of 81 consecutive living kidney donors was thoroughly evaluated . clinical , laboratory , and radiological assessments were carried out at predona...
mycobacterium abscessus is the most pathogenic and chemotherapy - resistant rapidly growing mycobacteria ( rgm ) . it accounts for 80% of lung disease caused by rgm and is the second most common rgm species present in extrapulmonary disease ( following m. fortuitum ) ( 1 - 4 ) . m. abscessus is resistant to all ant...
mycobacterium abscessus is the second most common etiology of pulmonary disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria in korea . although antimicrobial susceptibility tests are important for appropriate patient management in m. abscessus lung disease , the tests have never been investigated in korea . seventy - fou...
the tight link between the innate and adaptive immune systems is governed by signaling molecules such as cytokines , transcription factors , and several innate receptors . cytokines significantly modulate the inflammatory process , which plays an important protective role in innate immunity . interleukin-10 ( il-10...
interleukin-10 , an important regulator of both the innate and adaptive immune systems , is a multifunctional major cytokine . though it is one of the major cytokines , il-10 from the indian major carp , labeo rohita , has not yet been characterized . in the present study , we report large scale production and puri...
adipose tissue functions as a repository for long - term energy storage and as a critical regulator of energy balance , satiety , glucose metabolism , and other physiological processes . white adipose tissue ( wat ) stores and releases fatty acids and glycerol in response to the energetic needs of the organism , wher...
objectiveadipose depot mass is tightly regulated to maintain energy homeostasis . akt is a critical kinase in the insulin - signaling cascade that is required for the process of adipogenesis in vitro . however , the role of akt in the maintenance and/or function of mature adipocytes in vivo had not been examined....
there is a large discrepancy between the supply and demand of surgical services in the developing world , especially for nations in sub - saharan africa . in 2008 , of the estimated 235 million surgical procedures performed annually , only 3.5% was performed in developing countries . this inequality also holds true i...
highlightsthere is a large discrepancy between the supply and demand of surgical services in the developing world , especially for nations in sub - saharan africa.there has been longstanding and growing interest from the developed world in assisting the developing world , including providing surgical services.this case...
the porphyrias , a group of disorders characterized by a variable catalytic defect of one of the seven enzymes in the biosynthesis of heme , are classified clinically as acute or non - acute porphyrias based on their clinical manifestations with or without neurovisceral attacks [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] . the major manifestations ...
purposethe porphyrias are a defect in the biosynthesis of heme which can be associated with different neurological symptoms during acute attacks such as peripheral neuropathy , mental disturbance and seizures . so far , there have only been a few case reports of status epilepticus , none of which were of epilepsia pa...
both interstitial granulomatous dermatitis ( igd ) and palisaded neutrophilic granulomatous dermatitis ( pngd ) are rare disorders typically associated with systemic autoimmune conditions . they probably represent different aspects of a disease spectrum encompassing the concept of autoimmunity - related granulomatous...
aimboth interstitial granulomatous dermatitis ( igd ) and palisaded neutrophilic granulomatous dermatitis ( pngd ) are rare disorders typically associated with systemic autoimmune conditions . they probably represent different aspects of a disease spectrum encompassing the concept of autoimmunity - related granulomat...
treadmill walking gait analyses are frequently conducted due to their ease of collecting multiple strides of data , minimal space required and ability to finely control speed . the question of whether a treadmill ( tm ) walking gait replicates an overground ( og ) walking gait on a level surface has been extensively st...
abstractinfluences of load carriage and inclination on spatiotemporal parameters were examined during treadmill and overground walking . ten soldiers walked on a treadmill and overground with three load conditions ( 00 kg , 20 kg , 40 kg ) during level , uphill ( 6% grade ) and downhill ( -6% grade ) inclinations at ...
abnormal variation of the posterior corneal curvature may occur in two forms : the generalized posterior keratoconus , characterized by an regular increase of the curvature of the entire posterior corneal surface has , and the circumscribed posterior keratoconus , in which a localized paracentral or central posterior c...
this paper documents a rare nonprogressive developmental disorder bilateral circumscribed posterior keratoconus in a 60-year - old man referred for a cataract surgery . for the first time ultrasound biomicroscopy was used to visualise the local anterior bulging of the posterior corneal surface with concomitant thin...
endothelial and epithelial monolayers and their associated basement membranes form physical and functional barriers separating distinct tissue compartments . these barriers are frequently breached , e.g. , by immune cells as part of their homeostatic or inflammatory trafficking , by tumor cells during metastatic spre...
summarytrafficking cells frequently transmigrate through epithelial and endothelial monolayers . how monolayers cooperate with the penetrating cells to support their transit is poorly understood . we studied dendritic cell ( dc ) entry into lymphatic capillaries as a model system for transendothelial migration . ...
restoring posterior teeth with resin - based composite materials continues to gain popularity among clinicians , and the demand for such aesthetic restorations is increasing . indeed , the most common aesthetic alternative to dental amalgam is resin composite . long - term studies have shown that the bond strength of...
objective . the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different disinfectant agents on bond strength of two types of resin composite materials . methods . a total of 80 sound posterior teeth were used . they were divided into four groups ( n = 20 ) according to the dentin surface pretreatment ( no treatme...
goodpasture s syndrome or anti - glomerular basal membrane ( anti - gbm ) disease is a rare disorder first described by earnest goodpasture in 1919 . the disorder is characterized by formation of antibodies against non - collagenous domain of the 3 chain of type iv collagen of the gbm . combination of rapidly progr...
goodpasture s syndrome has been documented in only a handful of children under the age of four . we describe a 3-year - old girl presenting with anaemia and renal failure whose kidney biopsy showed anti - glomerular basement membrane ( gbm ) disease . she was treated aggressively with pulse steroids , plasmapheresi...
all reagents and solvents were obtained from commercial suppliers and were used as received without further purification . nmr spectra were recorded on a 400 mhz ( h ) , 100 mhz ( c ) nmr spectrometer at 25 c . chemical shifts ( ) are reported in parts per million referenced to the nmr solvent residual peak ...
a direct and scalable route to -keto-,-unsaturated esters , useful intermediates in medicinal chemistry and natural products synthesis , is reported . the key step involves the use of grubbs second - generation olefin metathesis catalyst for cross - metathesis of alkyl acrylates and 2 allylic alcohols . t...
burn injury is a major global problem with special importance in the east mediterranean region , including iran . in iran , burn injuries have high incidence and mortality rate , in that at least eight people die from burn every day . it is ranked as the third cause of mortality after traffic accidents and trauma ....
background : burn injury is a devastating experience affecting all aspects of a person 's essence , including his / her identity and perception . these patients require complex cognitive efforts to redefine their identity to deal with difficult condition after burn injury and preserve self - concept . the experienc...
sexual dysfunction in women is characterized by persistent and recurrent problems in sexual response or desire , which cause affliction and affect their relationship with their partner.1,2 sexual dysfunctions may occur at any age and affect roughly 40% of women at some point in their lifetime , with 12% of women report...
this is a qualitative quantitative study based on hospital records of female patients of reproductive age , presenting sexual dysfunction , and treated with 250 mg tribulus terrestris extract ( 1 tablet thrice daily for 90 days ) . safety monitoring included vital signs , physical examination , laboratory tests , an...
the glutathione - s - transferase ( gst ) proteins represent an extended family with high diversity depending on the organism [ 13 ] . these enzymes are usually able to conjugate glutathione ( gsh ) to hydrophobic molecules and thus are involved in biotransformation pathways . the addition of gsh onto molecules , pre...
the glutathione - s - transferase ( gst ) proteins represent an extended family involved in detoxification processes . they are divided into various classes with high diversity in various organisms . the ure2p class is especially expanded in saprophytic fungi compared to other fungi . this class is subdivided int...
the worldwide population is aging and consequently the incidence of osteoporosis is increasing . this systemic , metabolic disease is most distressing to patients and healthcare providers in the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures of the hip and spine and occasionally , various other sites throughout the skeleton . ...
osteoporosis is a systemic , metabolic disease that can result in debilitating fractures . the lasting effects of vertebral and hip fractures can cause acute and chronic pain , deformity , and emotional distress . research evidence and clinical experience have determined that weight bearing and strength training ex...
orthopaedic surgeons may find it difficult to get rotationally anatomical reduction of a shaft fracture of the humerus . if rotational control is not achieved , nonunion is more likely to occur.2 in addition , malrotation of the humeral component of total elbow replacement influences laxity and causes maltracking.3 t...
background : accurate reduction of rotational displacement for transverse or comminute fracture of humeral shaft fracture is difficult during operation . the purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the bicipital groove as a point of reference for the prediction of the rotational state of the humerus on...
the vein of marshall ( vom ) is an embryonic remnant of the left superior vena cava.1 ) the ligament of marshall ( lom ) , which contains nerves , fibrous tissues , and muscle bundles ( marshall bundle ) , is adjacent to the vom.2 ) the lom is a trigger of ectopic beats initiating paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ( af)3 ...
we report the case of a 64-year - old male with persistent atrial fibrillation ( af ) terminated by ethanol infusion into vein of marshall as add - on therapy . three - dimensional automated complex fractionated atrial electrogram ( cfae ) during af revealed clustering of cfae at perimitral isthmus ( pmi ) and its un...
strong evidence shows that pilonidal disease originates in the epidermis , in a midline stretched hair follicle . early pilonidal changes are amplified due to deep tissue disruption from moisture , anaerobic conditions , hairs , and bacteria . on the basis of these observations , a new paradigm of origin emerges th...
the most difficult problems that follow surgery for pilonidal disease are persistent unhealed midline wound and recurrence . various innovations were proposed to deal with these problems . the adipocutaneous flap of karydakis was devised to shift the natal cleft , while z - plasty involves fasciocutaneous flap . ...
coronary artery disease ( cad ) , one of the most common cardiovascular diseases , ranks first among fatal diseases in adults around the world [ 13 ] . several risk factors have been confirmed , such as smoking , hypertension , diabetes , high blood cholesterol , excessive alcohol drinking , depression , and lack of ...
backgroundthe present meta - analysis aimed to summarize the inconsistent findings on the association of apolipoprotein m gene ( apom ) rs805296 polymorphism with the risk of coronary artery disease ( cad ) , and to obtain a more authentic result about this topic.material/methodsa total of 7 available articles were ide...
data sources were the truven health marketscan commercial claims and encounters and the marketscan medicare supplemental databases from january 1 , 2009 , to september 30 , 2012 . records of patients with a copd diagnosis at any diagnosis position within the intake period from july 1 , 2009 , through september 30 , 2...
background : the morbidity and mortality associated with copd exacts a considerable economic burden . comorbidities in copd are associated with poor health outcomes and increased costs . our objective was to assess the impact of comorbidities on copd - associated costs in a large administrative claims dataset.methods...
tooth preparation is considered to be complete clinically when the consistency of underlying dentin is hard to a sharp probe and free of caries . the carious process usually progresses as a series of exacerbations and remissions that are characterized by periods of high production of acid that are responsible for the...
objectives : the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of caries detection dye on the in - vitro tensile bond strength of adhesive materials to sound and carious affected dentin.materials and methods : forty healthy and carious human molars were ground to expose superficial sound dentin and carious affe...
transition metal dichacogenides represent a unique class of two - dimensional layered materials that can be exfoliated into single or few atomic layers . tungsten diselenide ( wse2 ) is one typical example with p - type semiconductor characteristics . bulk wse2 has an indirect band gap ( 1.2 ev ) , which tr...
dental trauma is one of the most painful and stressful injuries in young patients and requires both expedient and expert management by a dental practitioner . children are always keen to explore their surroundings without realizing the risks they are exposed to . the world health organization has defined exarticula...
objectives : this study was undertaken to evaluate the viability of periodontal ligament ( pdl ) cells of avulsed teeth in three different storage media.materials and methods : forty - five premolars extracted for orthodontic therapeutic purposes were randomly and equally divided into three groups based on storage medi...
seven consecutive patients [ three men and four women aged 15 - 77 ( mean , 42.7 ) years ] admitted to our hospital with hypoglycemia between april 1 , 2001 and september 31 , 2002 were retrospectively studied . the time from the onset of neuroglycopenic symptoms to diagnosis ranged from 4 to 42 months . the age , ...
objectiveto determine the value of selective intra - arterial calcium stimulation with hepatic venous sampling using serum insulin and c - peptide gradients for the preoperative localization of insulinomas.materials and methodsseven consecutive patients [ three men and four women aged 15 - 77 ( mean , 42.7 ) years ] wi...
an effective and adequate relationship between patient and physician during medical care is necessary for the provision of good care . although communication skills training is being developed in medical schools , little attention is paid and less than 5% of the curriculum is allocated to communication skills educati...
background : to have high - quality primary health care services , an adequate doctor patient communication is necessary . because of time restrictions and limited budget in health system , an effective , feasible , and continuous training approach is important . the aim of this study is to assess the appropriatene...