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the primary objective of the collaboration was to examine aspects of screening for type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance across various populations and ethnic groups . , studies included in the detect-2 database , in which retinopathy data had been collected , were invited to provide these data for this anal...	objectiveto re - evaluate the relationship between glycemia and diabetic retinopathy.research design and methodswe conducted a data - pooling analysis of nine studies from five countries with 44,623 participants aged 2079 years with gradable retinal photographs . the relationship between diabetes - specific retinopat...
the medical records of 227 patients diagnosed with retinoblastoma at seoul national university children 's hospital between march 1997 and september 2007 were retrospectively studied . the diagnosis of retinoblastoma was based on indirect ophthalmoscopy , computed tomography , and ultrasonography findings . the sta...	purposeto evaluate the efficacy of primary chemotherapy combined with local therapy in the treatment of retinoblastomas not treatable with a single therapeutic method.methodswe performed a retrospective chart review of 227 patients diagnosed with retinoblastoma . sixty - five eyes in 52 patients had tumors not treata...
coal - tar pitch is an important feedstock of carbochemical origin used for the production of i.a . carbon anodes , graphite electrodes , fireproof materials , carbon - carbon composites and carbon fibres , as coking additive and as binder in many insulating and sealing materials used in construction and road buildin...	in this work , the results of studies on the evaluation of colloidal structure of coal - tar pitch compositions with selected waste polymers by fluorescence microscope . for pitch - polymer compositions containing 1050 wt% waste polymer , softening point , coking value and content of components insoluble in toluene ...
current techniques in acl surgery have been associated with satisfactory long - term results in the majority of patients . however , there remains a considerable subset , up to 30% of patients , with unsatisfactory outcomes [ 2 , 7 ] . specifically , patients report problems relating to rotational instability and r...	in order to describe the arthroscopic presence of the double bundle structure and to evaluate the value of different portals in knee arthroscopy , we assessed the am and pl bundle anatomy . we prospectively examined the knees of 60 patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery for pathology unrelated to the acl . arthro...
many stroke patients with stroke have a balance problems while standing because they tend to put their weight on their non - paralyzed lower limb to increase swing of their upper body1 . falling accidents due to such decline in balance ability is on the increase annually . even when there is no injury from fa...	[ purpose ] the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of virtual reality training using nintendo wii on balance and walking for stroke patients . [ subjects and methods ] forty stroke patients with stroke were randomly divided into two exercise program groups : virtual reality training ( n=20 ) an...
since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy in 1996 , the clinical management of hiv infection revolves around a complex assemblage of potent pharmacological molecules that inhibit viral replication . the goal of this lifelong treatment regimen is to achieve ( and maintain ) viral suppression and to reach a thre...	hiv plasma viral load testing has become more than just a clinical tool to monitor treatment response at the individual level . increasingly , individual hiv plasma viral load testing is being reported to public health agencies and is used to inform epidemiological surveillance and monitor the presence of the virus c...
endovascular aortic aneurysm repair ( evar ) has developed into a feasible and successful alternative to open surgery for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms . evar can be offered to many patients with a suitable anatomy of the aorta and iliac arteries , regardless of comorbid conditions [ 13 ] . despite the ...	backgroundmultidetector computed tomography ( mdct ) angiography represents the standard of reference in the follow - up of patients after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair ( evar ) , being effective in the detection of the full spectrum of possible complications on both axial and 3d images.methodsthe purpo...
multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is considered a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system of autoimmune origin . onset of disease is most frequently in young adulthood , between 20 to 40 years of age.1 although many aspects of ms pathogenesis have been elucidated , the exact causal mechanisms are still not...	multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is a common neurological disease with increasing incidence and prevalence . onset of disease is most frequently in young adulthood when productivity is usually highest ; it is of chronic nature and , in the majority of patients , it will result in accumulation of disability . due to loss of ...
the head and neck regions are common sites where intra - dermal or subcutaneous firm nodules of 0.5 - 3 cm are found . although its histological findings are well - described , the radiological features of chondroid syringoma have been reported in only few cases . a 59-year - old man presented with a painless mass ...	chondroid syringoma , or mixed tumor of skin , is a relatively rare , usually benign sweat gland tumor , most often seen in the head - and - neck region . rare malignant examples have been reported , commonly involving the extremities . we report here a case radiologically mimicking a malignant neoplasm , but histo...
women have relatively weak neck muscles , which can be a primary cause of chronic fatigue syndrome related to the muscular system , resulting in higher risk of chronic neck pain1 . in relation to pain a study by fisher found that 62% of women wear heels that are over 5 cm , and the ones who enjoy wearing high he...	[ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different height of high heels on muscle activation of the paraspinalis cervicis and erector spinae in healthy young women . [ subjects and methods ] thirteen healthy women were recruited in this study . to examine the effects of different ...
life expectancy is among the objective indexes for measuring health for a person , society , or population . in 1880 - 1882 , life expectancy at birth for females in jamaica was 39.8 years which was 2.79 years more than that for males . one hundred and twenty - two year ( 2002 - 2004 ) , this health disparity increas...	background : the 21st century can not see the examination of health status of elderly , population , children and adolescents ; but not for females.aims:current study are 1 ) to examine the health conditions ; 2 ) provide an epidemiological profile of changing health conditions in the last one half decade ( 2002 - 2007...
frontometaphyseal dysplasia ( fmd ) , also called gorlin cohen syndrome , is a hereditary x - linked dominant syndrome described in 1969 with less than 30 cases described in the literature . this case report of a child with fmd is presented owing to the rarity of the syndrome and the anticipated difficult airway , wh...	frontometaphyseal dysplasia ( fmd ) , also called gorlin - cohen syndrome , is a rare hereditary x - linked dominant craniotubular bone disorder . the presentation describes the airway management of a 2-year - old child suffering from fmd with significant retrognathia , posted for major long bone corrective osteotomy...
	for a prospective study of lead exposure and early development , we recruited pregnant women from a lead smelter town and from an unexposed town in yugoslavia and followed their children through 7 years of age . in this paper we consider associations between lifetime lead exposure , estimated by the area under the bl...
multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is a chronic , autoimmune , demyelinating disease of the central nervous system ( cns ) . presenting symptoms can vary greatly , but most commonly involve weakness , paresthesia , gait difficulty , or visual deficits . virtually any area of the cns white matter can be involved , though thi...	while brain stem involvement in multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is relatively common , isolated cranial nerve palsies are rare , especially when they represent the initial presenting sign of a new diagnosis of ms . this report describes a patient with no prior history of ms whose sole presenting sign was an isolated abduce...
according to the world health organization ( who ) , a maternal death is defined as death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy , irrespective of the duration and site of pregnancy , from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management ( icd-10 ) . about 99% of th...	background : epidemiological data pertaining to maternal mortality is valuable in each set up to design interventional programs to favourably reduce the ratio . this study was done to evaluate the maternal mortality rate in our hospital , to assess the epidemiological aspects and causes of maternal mortality , and to...
head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ( hnscc ) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide , with an average 5-year survival rate of around 50% ( 1 ) . despite improvements in the therapeutic modalities , the prognosis of these patients has not been significantly improved in the last three decades . alcohol and both...	backgroundsquamous cell carcinoma ( scc ) is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity . a relationship between the human papilloma virus ( hpv ) infection and the prognosis of oral cavity scc ( ocscc ) has been discussed before.objectiveswe investigated the prevalence rate of hpv status in patients with ocscc , ...
it is estimated that depression will become the second most common cause of disability , next to heart disease in a few decades . major depression affects 1 in 20 people during their lifetime . in many cultures , especially in developing eastern countries , talking about emotions somatic metaphors and complaints ar...	background : in some cultures , including ours , direct explanation of inner psychic world is inhibited and stigmatized , therefore finding alternative modes of expression . the aim of this cross - sectional study was to assess the frequency of somatization in the depressed patients . methods : the present study co...
non - hodgkin lymphomas ( nhls ) account for approximately 60% of all lymphomas in children and adolescents . childhood nhls are subdivided into burkitt 's lymphoma , diffuse large b - cell lymphoma ( dlbcl ) , lymphoblastic lymphoma , and anaplastic large - cell lymphoma . dlbcl is characterized by relatively more...	extra nodal presentation of non hodgkins lymphoma ( nhl ) is a rare entity , and data available about the nhl that primarily involves of middle ear and mastoid is limited . we report a case of diffuse large b cell lymphoma ( dlbcl ) , in a 2 year 8 month old boy , who developed otalgia and facial palsy . computed tom...
the goal of these drug cocktail regimens is to achieve additive or synergistic effects among chemotherapeutics , thereby maximizing summation dose - intensity with resultant enhanced anticancer activities and increased patient survival . combinations have been identified and developed both through unbiased ap...	combination anticancer therapy typically consists of drugs that target different biochemical pathways or those that act on different targets in the same pathway . here we demonstrate a new concept in combination therapy , that of enzyme activation with two compounds that hit the same biological target , but...
diabetic retinopathy is the name given to the changes in the retina , which develop over a period of time in diabetics . it remains one of the major causes of new - onset visual loss in developed countries . if the central part of the retina ( i.e. , the macula ) is involved , it is referred to as diabetic maculopa...	diabetic maculopathy ( dm ) is one of the major causes of vision impairment in individuals with diabetes . the traditional approach to diagnosis of dm includes fundus ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography . although very useful clinically , these methods do not contribute much to the evaluation of retinal morp...
the design of the china peace - retrospective ami study has been published previously.8 in brief , we developed a nationally representative sample of hospitalizations for ami in 2001 , 2006 , and 2011 using a 2-stage random sampling design . in the first stage , we identified hospitals using a simple random sampli...	backgroundspironolactone , the only aldosterone antagonist available in china , improves outcomes in acute myocardial infarction ( ami ) among patients with systolic dysfunction and either diabetes or heart failure ( hf ) . however , national practice patterns in the use of spironolactone in china are unknown.methods...
to our knowledge the most recent article on celiac dissection was published in 2015 and reported 24 known cases of spontaneous isolated celiac trunk dissection . in our literature review we did not identify a single case of isolated celiac artery dissection that presented during a hypertensive emergency . we presen...	highlightsto the best of our knowledge , we present the 25th case of isolated celiac artery dissection.this is the first case of hypertensive emergency induced spontaneous isolated celiac trunk dissection in literature.visceral artery dissection is a rare commodity , and celiac artery dissection is less common than dis...
in 2008 , a 30-year - old primigravida physician experienced intrauterine fetal demise ( iufd ) at 20 weeks gestation , as established by last menstrual period and confirmed by ultrasound at 8 weeks . the patient spent most of her pregnancy providing direct patient care . in october 2007 , during gestational weeks 26...	a second trimester fetal demise followed influenza - like illness in early pregnancy . influenza a virus ( h1n1 ) was identified in maternal and fetal tissue , confirming transplacental passage . these findings suggested a causal relationship between early exposure and fetal demise . management of future influenz...
trauma and especially multiple trauma including traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) are the most common killers in children and adults before age 50 around the world [ 13 ] . mortality of multiple trauma including tbi following traffic accidents ranges between 18% and 25% [ 1 , 4 ] . but not only the first hours and day...	objective . despite broad research in neurotrauma and shock , little is known on systemic inflammatory effects of the clinically most relevant combined polytrauma . experimental investigation in an animal model may provide relevant insight for therapeutic strategies . we describe the effects of a combined injury wi...
acute pancreatitis due to antipsychotic treatment is rare but sometimes causes a fatal adverse effect . some atypical antipsychotic agents , including clozapine , olanzapine , quetiapine , and risperidone , are associated with acute pancreatitis.1,2 ) among them , acute pancreatitis caused by risperidone is the rares...	acute pancreatitis with antipsychotic treatment is rare but sometimes causes a fatal adverse effect . most cases of acute pancreatitis due to atypical antipsychotic agents are reported to occur within six months of starting antipsychotic administration . acute pancreatitis caused by risperidone is rare . the pati...
polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) , the most common female endocrine disorder , is a heterogeneous endocrine and metabolic disorder , affecting 6 - 10% of women of reproductive age ( 1 ) . features of pcos may manifest at any age , ranging from childhood ( premature puberty ) , teenage years ( hirsutism , menstrual ...	introductionpolycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder associated with ovulatory dysfunction . presently , little is known about the primary factors that initiate pcos . chamomile flowers are used in alternative medicine for its anti - spasmolytic and anti - inflammatory effect...
phylloquinone , also referred to as vitamin k1 , is a compound present in all photosynthetic plants ( 1 ) . phylloquinone is the primary dietary source of vitamin k. in general , green , leafy vegetables contain the highest known phylloquinone concentrations and contribute approximately 60% of total phylloquinone int...	vitamin k is present in the diet in the forms of phylloquinone and menaquinones . phylloquinone , which is the major dietary source , is concentrated in leafy plants and is the vitamin k form best characterized in terms of food composition and dietary intakes . in contrast , menaquinones are the product of bacterial ...
adult articular cartilage has insufficient ability to repair after either erosion or damage and it is unlikely to be reformed to normal condition once it has been impaired . articular cartilage repair has been based on finding and resolving the primary reason for the injury , but it has been recognized that only trea...	background : the purpose of this study was to create biomaterial scaffolds like platelet - rich plasma ( prp ) and platelet - rich fibrin ( prf ) containing stromal cell - derived factor-1 ( sdf1 ) as a chemokine to induce hyaline cartilage regeneration of rabbit knee in a full thickness defect.methods:we created a ful...
it was initially developed for angiography , but it has also been found useful in oral and maxillofacial radiology ( omfr ) . the introduction of cbct has made three - dimensional imaging possible in omfr . cbct offers a 3d approach to data acquisition , image reconstruction , image display , and image interpretation...	superior semicircular canal dehiscence is a relatively new syndrome in the field of otology . it is of unknown etiology presenting with a variety of vestibular and auditory symptoms and radiologic findings play a crucial role in its diagnosis . cone beam computed tomography has been shown to be a powerful tool in t...
primary cysts have a lined epithelium and secondary cyst could be secondary to trauma . epidermoid splenic cysts are example of primary congenital cysts that contain an epithelial lining , unlike secondary cysts , which are composed of fibrous tissues , when the cyst is large they have nonspecific abdominal symptoms ...	highlightssplenic tumors are not common , many can have minimal to no symptoms , and they can be found incidentally.splenic tumors can be primary or metastatic . they can be benign or malignant.splenic cysts can be infectious , traumatic or congenital.epidermoid splenic cysts may not always present in a classic fashi...
fungal infections are well - recognized life threatening problems in solid organ transplant ( sot ) , namely in liver transplant recipients . host and environmental factors are critical and important determinants regarding the epidemiology of fungal infections in transplantation . the incidence and aetiology of funga...	fungal invasive infections are rare in general population but are an emergent cause of infection in the immunocompromized population , especially in the solid organ transplant recipients . herein the authors report a clinical case of a liver transplanted patient suffering a cutaneous co - existent infection with a. a...
prospective studies have shown the superiority of laparoscopic appendectomy in the treatment of acute appendicitis . however , this technique has not yet gained widespread acceptance because of its longer operative time and lower cost effectiveness when compared with the open approach . moreover , although recent retro...	background : minilaparoscopic appendectomy for appendicitis is not a well - established procedure . this approach provides less abdominal wall trauma , fewer complications , and excellent cosmetic results . our aim was to show the feasibility and safety of the minilaparoscopic approach.methods:minilaparoscopic appe...
mental health problems , such as depression and anxiety disorders , are often underrecognized and untreated . . showed that the prospect of being treated increases with the severity of the illness , but also that half of those affected by a serious mental illness remained untreated . it is easy to understand that...	background . in primary care , a vast majority of patients affected with depression and anxiety present with somatic symptoms . detection rate of psychiatric symptoms is low , and knowledge of factors influencing care seeking in persons affected by depressive and anxiety disorders on a population level is limited . ...
despite global reductions in fertility rates , parenthood remains a central life goal in most societies . in recent years , progress in medical technology has offered hope to many infertile couples , especially in the developed world . the us is one of the countries with the highest rate of multiple births in the w...	background : there are a few studies about commissioning mothers understanding from the surrogacy during 9 months of waiting for delivery in iran and other countries . this study was conducted with an aim to explore and explain the nature of concerns ( experiences ) of commissioning mothers.materials and methods : a ...
characterization of the bioactive constituents from the black pigmented ink has resulted in a handful of chemical elucidations . the ink from the molluscs has created a great interest towards its bioactive molecules with promising antibacterial , antitumour , antileukemic , and antiviral activities . the ink is eje...	chromatographic characterization and the gc - ms evaluation of the black pigmented ink of loligo duvauceli in the present study have yielded an array of bioactive compounds with potent antimicrobial property . facing an alarm of antimicrobial resistance globally , a need for elucidating antimicrobial agents from natura...
in recent years , drug - eluting stents ( des ) have been demonstrated to dramatically reduce the rate of restenosis and the need for repeat revascularization.1 - 3 ) despite these promising results , stent thrombosis seems to occur more frequently with des and often seems to be associated with clopidogrel resistance.4...	drug - eluting stents ( des ) are considered the treatment of choice for most patients with obstructive coronary artery disease when percutaneous intervention ( pci ) is feasible . however , stent thrombosis seems to occur more frequently with des and occasionally is associated with resistance to anti - platelet drug...
abnormal knee kinematics are considered to be an important factor influencing the long - term outcomes after cruciate ligament injuries1,2,3 . in order to improve long - term outcomes of treatments for the patients with cruciate ligament injuries , therefore , it is important to precisely evaluate the kinemat...	[ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to determine the normal range of the side - to - side difference in three dimensional knee kinematics measured by the point cluster technique ( pct ) . [ subjects ] the subjects were twenty - one healthy normal volunteers without knee pain or an episode of injury to the...
alpha - amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid ( ampa ) receptor channels mediate most of the fast synaptic excitatory transmission in the brain . importantly , the glua2 subunit with its edited q / r site ( sommer et al . , 1992 ) ensures that ampa receptors containing this subunit are largely ca - imper...	the glua2 subunit in heteromeric alpha - amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid ( ampa ) receptor channels restricts ca2 + permeability and block by polyamines , rendering linear the current - voltage relationship of these glutamate - gated cation channels . although glua2-lacking synaptic ampa receptors ...
lignocellulosic materials represent an abundant and inexpensive source of sugars and can be microbiologically converted to industrial products . xylitol ( c5h12o5 ) , a sugar alcohol obtained from xylose , is generated during the metabolism of carbohydrates in animals and humans . xylitol was present in fruits and ...	optimization of the culture medium and process variables for xylitol production using corncob hemicellulose hydrolysate by pachysolen tannophilus ( mttc 1077 ) was performed with statistical methodology based on experimental designs . the screening of nine nutrients for their influence on xylitol production was achie...
osteoporosis is a systematic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of microarchitecture of the bone , leading to bone fragility and eventually fractures 1 . the gold standard method recommended by the world health organization in the diagnosis of osteoporosis is dual - x - ray absorptiometry (...	quantitative ultrasound ( qus ) has emerged as a convenient and popular screening tool for osteoporosis . this review aimed to provide basic information on the principle of qus measurement and discuss the properties of bone reflected by qus indices . qus employed high frequency sound waves generated by the device t...
thrombocytosis is commonly seen in clinical practice and often the cases reported are incidental . the differential diagnosis for thrombocytosis is broad and the diagnostic process can be challenging . in general , causes of thrombocytosis can be described as spurious , reactive , or clonal in nature . a number of po...	thrombocytosis is often an incidental finding seen in 3550% of cases and the cause determination creates a diagnostic challenge . extreme thrombocytosis is rare and seen in 25.8% patients only . among the various causes of increased platelet count , surgical procedures have attracted much attention in both experime...
dementia is defined as a decline in cognitive function that is associated with an impaired function in daily life.1 the most common form of dementia is alzheimer s disease ( ad ) , which represents about 70% of cases.2 ad can be identified as a gradually progressive dementia of insidious onset , which occurs in the abs...	backgroundalzheimer s disease ( ad ) is closely linked to cardiovascular risk factors.methodsechocardiographic studies were performed , including left ventricular diastolic functions , left and right atrial conduction times , and arterial stiffness parameters , namely stiffness index , pressure - strain elastic modulus...
the subplate forms a transient layer in the developing cerebral cortex and consists of migratory and postmigratory neurons , dendrites , axons , growth cones , synapses and glial cells . the subplate is located between the intermediate zone and the cortical plate , which during further development differentiates into...	due to their unique structural and functional properties , subplate cells are ideally suited to function as important amplifying units within the developing neocortical circuit . subplate neurons have extensive dendritic and axonal ramifications and relatively mature functional properties , i.e. their action potentia...
reflection is growing in importance as a means to promote a learner - centered environment where the learner is encouraged to learn through the practice of nursing with subsequent reflection . when students are in uncertain new situations , they are expected to use focused thought to apply learned principles to clini...	this study used a statistical technique , conjoint value analysis , to determine student perceptions related to the importance of predetermined reflective journaling attributes . an expert delphi panel determined these attributes and integrated them into a survey which presented students with multiple journaling expe...
acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of acute abdominal pain and/or increased levels of serum pancreatic enzymes . more importantly , takeda et al . have indicated that the mortality rate was of approximately 20% when acute pancreatitis developed to severe acute pancreatitis (...	backgroundthe complexity of multiple - item criteria in acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ards ) often causes inconvenience for physicians in the management of patients with severe acute pancreatitis ( sap ) . we evaluated whether serum sp - a levels in the presence of diffuse alveolar damage ( dad ) can be quali...
mucormycosis , also known as zygomycosis , is an opportunistic and lethal mycological infection caused by a fungus of the order mucorales . it is mostly observed in immunocompromised patients such as those with hematological malignancy or those who have solid organ transplantation ( sot ) or bone marrow transplants ....	mucormycosis is an opportunistic acute fungal infection with a high mortality rate seen in immunocompromised patients . it is extremely rare in heart transplant recipients . rhinocerebral mucormycosis ( rm ) is the most frequently observed presentation . we report a case of rm in a heart transplant recipient 5-mo...
dental erosion is a clinical condition that is currently being studied since researchers have reported an increase in its prevalence . furthermore , dentists are becoming more aware about the etiology and early detection of this condition . acid exposure causes enamel surface demineralization , and long - term ...	objective this study assessed the effect of fluoride varnishes on the progression of tooth erosion in vitro . material and methods : forty - eight enamel and 60 root dentin samples were previously demineralized ( 0.1% citric acid , ph 2.5 , 30 min ) , leading to a baseline and erosive wear of 12.9 and 11.4 m , respec...
the hla - a locus exon 2 region from position 73346 , allele a01011 , was used for the design of consensus oligos ( figure 1 ) . allele - specific ( variant ) oligos were designed based on single or double nucleotide variants according to alignment to the arbitrarily selected consensus sequence ( hla - a0201 ) . ...	detection of unknown single nucleotide polymorphism ( snp ) relies on large scale sequencing expeditions of genomic fragments or complex high - throughput chip technology . we describe a simplified strategy for fluorimetric detection of known and unknown snp by proportional hybridization to oligonucleotide arrays bas...
cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide ; it is the leading cause of death in economically developed countries and the second leading cause of death in developing countries . approximately 12.7 million new cases of cancer and 7.6 million cancer - related deaths were reported in 2008 . despite the effo...	epidemiological studies have suggested that interleukin-17 ( il-17 ) polymorphisms are associated with cancer risk . however , the results of these studies are inconsistent . therefore , we performed a meta - analysis to obtain a precise conclusion . odds ratios ( ors ) with 95% confidence intervals ( cis ) were us...
vibrissae provide input to specific thalamic nuclei and these nuclei have well - defined connections with the somatosensory cortical region where sensory information is processed ( woolsey and van der loos , 1970 ) . these connections have a somatotopic organization , and sensory information from each vibrissa reache...	summaryprecise connection of thalamic barreloids with their corresponding cortical barrels is critical for processing of vibrissal sensory information . here , we show that prg-2 , a phospholipid - interacting molecule , is important for thalamocortical axon guidance . developing thalamocortical fibers both in prg-2 fu...
vitamin a deficiency is the leading cause of preventable childhood blindness in the developing world . although rare in the united states , vitamin a deficiency has been known to occur as a result of poor dietary intake , liver diseases , and gastrointestinal malabsorption [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ] . vitamin a is a fat - s...	purpose : vitamin a deficiency is a very rare condition in the developed world and can lead to a variety of ocular changes from xerosis and xerophthalmia to corneal ulcer and perforation . the treatment of this devastating disease is simple and inexpensive . it is therefore important to recognize and treat accordin...
grounding or earthing refers to direct skin contact with the surface of the earth , such as with bare feet or hands , or with various grounding systems . subjective reports that walking barefoot on the earth enhances health and provides feelings of well - being can be found in the literature and practices of diverse ...	multi - disciplinary research has revealed that electrically conductive contact of the human body with the surface of the earth ( grounding or earthing ) produces intriguing effects on physiology and health . such effects relate to inflammation , immune responses , wound healing , and prevention and treatment of chro...
food chain information ( fci ) is one of the innovations introduced by the hygiene package to enhance the concept of food security and ensure welfare and animal health . food chain information can be used by the operator of the slaughterhouse within the haccp plan in order to organise the slaughtering and by the offi...	food chain information ( fci ) is an innovation of the new european regulation . its purpose is to enhance the concept of food security . fci includes specifications such as : health status , information on treatments and diseases , analytical reports on control plans , zoonoses or environmental contaminants , prod...
abdominal pregnancies ( both primary and secondary ) have a reported incidence of 1 in 10,000 . worldwide , the incidence of ectopic pregnancies is increasing , with significant contribution from assisted reproductive technologies ( art ) . however , the incidence of abdominal pregnancies have remained constant or ...	primary abdominal pregnancy is an extremely rare type of extrauterine pregnancy . it has been reported from many unusual intra - abdominal sites . we report a case of primary abdominal pregnancy following intra - uterine insemination ( not reported earlier to our knowledge ) . implanted on the anterior surface of t...
nursing science as well as mental health care in general has , in fact , comprised both the humanistic paradigm that can be seen as a bottom - up approach , where the patient 's individual experiences are considered , and the biomedical model that can be regarded as a top - down approach toward the patient , wher...	this paper will explore two contrasting paradigms in mental health care and their relationship to evidence - based practice . the biomedical perspective of pathogenesis and the health perspective of salotogenesis are two major diverse views in mental health care . positive dimensions of health are traditionally vie...
glycemic abnormalities and diabetes are on the rise globally ( 1 ) . according to the most recent statistics , 9.3% of the u.s . population , 29.1 million individuals , live with diabetes , and the level of glycemia in the general public ( mean fasting plasma glucose ) since 1980 has risen by 2.5 mg / dl per decade i...	objectivethe management of postoperative hyperglycemia is controversial and generally does not take into account pre - existing diabetes . we analyzed clinical and economic outcomes associated with postoperative hyperglycemia in cardiac surgery patients , stratifying by diabetes status.research design and methodsmult...
gastroesophageal reflux disease ( gerd ) is a common gastrointestinal disease in asia as well as in the west ( 1 , 2 ) . studies have reported that 10%-20% of the adult western population experience typical gerd symptoms ( heartburn and/or regurgitation ) at least once per week ( 1 ) . the prevalence of gerd in adu...	the objective of the study was to document practice pattern of gastroenterologists for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease ( gerd ) under the minimal influence of the insurance reimbursement guideline . data on management for 1,197 consecutive patients with typical gerd symptoms were prospectively colle...
a case report of a 56-year - old male farmer who sought medical attention after a month - long evolution of irritative symptoms in his right eye , accompanied by visual acuity ( va ) impairment . the patient received topical and oral broad - spectrum antibiotic treatment with no improvement before being referred t...	purposeto report an interesting case of infectious endotheliitis of presumed mycotic origin.methodsa case report of a 56-year - old male farmer who sought medical attention after a month - long evolution of irritative symptoms in his right eye , accompanied by visual acuity ( va ) impairment . the patient received to...
the experimental animals , feeding and management : the experimental procedures complied with the guide for the care and use of agricultural animals of obihiro university . the experiment was carried out at the field center of animal science and agriculture , obihiro university of agriculture and veterinary med...	this study aimed to investigate the effects of insulin resistance ( ir ) during the close - up dry period on the metabolic status and performance of dairy cows as well as to determine the effects on body weight ( bw ) and metabolic status of their calves . an insulin tolerance test ( itt ) was conducted by admini...
biodegradable block copolymers prepared from l - lactide , -caprolactone , 1,4-dioxan-2-one , and trimethylene carbonate have been synthesised and studied extensively during recent decades [ 1 , 2 ] . the varying physical properties of block polymers allows for the combination of soft and hard polymers giving ris...	well - defined di- and triblock copolymers consisting of -caprolactone ( cl ) , l - lactide ( la ) , and trimethylene carbonate ( tmc ) were synthesized via pla first route in coordinated anionic ring opening polymerization / copolymerization ( carop ) with tin ( ii ) octoate as catalyst . the desired block structu...
the rapid improvement in quality , quantity , and cost of next generation sequencing ( ngs ) has resulted in commensurate improvements in analysis techniques . for bacteria , the availability of kits for library preparation , rapid and high content sequencing , and mature data analysis pipelines for genome resequenci...	sequencing bacterial genomes has traditionally required large amounts of genomic dna ( ~1 g ) . there have been few studies to determine the effects of the input dna amount or library preparation method on the quality of sequencing data . several new commercially available library preparation methods enable shotgu...
lateral epicondylitis is also known as tennis elbow or tendonitis of the extensor muscles of the forearm and refers to pain and tenderness over the lateral epicondyle of the humerus ; this pain is exaggerated by resisted dorsiflexion of the wrist or the middle finger . it has been estimated that 1 - 3% of the populat...	background : lateral epicondylitis is a common problem affecting 1 - 3% of the population . there has been much debate about the best treatment modality for this condition . there is , however , no conclusive evidence in support of any of the proposed treatment modalities . in this trial , we have studied the effect ...
multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system , affecting any part of the cns , but mostly white matter tracts in the cerebral hemispheres , optic nerves , brainstem , cerebellum , and spinal cord . the prevalence of the disorder ranges between 2 and 150/100,000 depending on the ...	multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease affecting one million people worldwide , with a significant burden of psychiatric comorbidity . depression is the commonest psychiatric manifestation but still remains largely underdiagnosed and undertreated . the present work reviews current knowledge on diagno...
variability in clinical response to standard therapeutic dosage regimen was reported in the 1950s by many pioneers in the field . since then , the association between monogenic polymorphisms and variations of drugs ' metabolism , transport , or target had been identified and the vision of personalized drug therapy in...	the mapping of the human genome and subsequent advancements in genetic technology had provided clinicians and scientists an understanding of the genetic basis of altered drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics , as well as some examples of applying genomic data in clinical practice . this has raised the public exp...
this study combines four coordinated protocols sharing the same dias artificial pancreas technology conducted at the universities of padova ( italy ) and montpellier ( france ) , the university of virginia ( uva ) , and the sansum diabetes research institute , santa barbara , california . to test whether a smart phone ...	objectiveto evaluate the feasibility of a wearable artificial pancreas system , the diabetes assistant ( dias ) , which uses a smart phone as a closed - loop control platform.research design and methodstwenty patients with type 1 diabetes were enrolled at the universities of padova , montpellier , and virginia and at s...
participants for this study were recruited from two urban areas ( yaound , the capital city of cameroon , and bamenda , the capital city of the north western region ) and two rural areas ( mbankomo and bafut ) of cameroon . the inhabitants of the urban sites are mainly middle - class public or private sector workers ...	objectivewe examined the independent associations between objectively measured free - living physical activity energy expenditure ( paee ) and the metabolic syndrome in adults in rural and urban cameroon.research design and methodspaee was measured in 552 rural and urban dwellers using combined heart rate and movement ...
cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) and diabetic nephropathy ( dn ) are the major causes of mortality in individuals with type 1 diabetes ( 13 ) , and a growing body of evidence from basic and clinical studies ( 47 ) supports the relationship between cvd and renal function in health and disease . cvd and dn have been prop...	objectivediabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular disease are strongly related in adults with type 1 diabetes , yet little is known about this relationship in adolescents prior to the onset of detectable clinical disease . we hypothesized that cardiopulmonary fitness would be directly associated with albumin - to - cr...
plain films are likely to remain the best method of imaging gas shadows for many years to come and computed tomography scanning , isotope studies and nuclear magnetic resonance are unlikely to play any major role in the initial investigation of the acute abdomen ( field et al1 ) . shortly after the discovery of the x ...	several studies have demonstrated that a diagnosis based solely on a patient s medical history , physical examination , and laboratory tests is not reliable enough , despite the fact that these aspects are essential parts of the workup of a patient presenting with acute abdominal pain . traditionally , imaging workup...
1 . he had a history of bilateral brow suspension surgery 10 years ago at another institution . the patient had a 30 cm 20 cm pelvic mass located in the presacral area with boundaries between both parailiac regions displacing the rectum and bladder . it was completely excised with a pathology report of myelolipoma...	a 52-year - old male patient presented to our hospital with a history of secondary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy ( hoa ) associated with an abdominal neoplasia and blepharoptosis . he had finger clubbing , hyperhidrosis , and hypertrichosis . he also had a recent history of extensive abdominal surgery with a pathol...
cyclic organic structures comprise a wide variety of interesting examples in strained , distorted , bent , and sterically hindered molecular systems in nanoscience . these structures have fascinated chemists for several decades not only because of their unique chemical bonding but also because of the potential to tai...	the electronic structure and size - scaling of optoelectronic properties in cycloparaphenylene carbon nanorings are investigated using time - dependent density functional theory ( tddft ) . the tddft calculations on these molecular nanostructures indicate that the lowest excitation energy surprisingly becomes larger ...
osteoporosis is defined as a skeletal disorder characterized by loss of bone mass , decreased bone strength , and increased risk of bone fracture.1 the disease progresses with age , especially in postmenopausal women.2 japan is one of the most rapidly aging societies worldwide . according to the national institute of p...	osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by loss of bone mass , decreased bone strength , and an increased risk of bone fracture . the disease progresses with age , especially in postmenopausal women . japan is one of the most rapidly aging societies worldwide . japanese individuals over 65 years of age ...
specific developmental disturbances due to various insults , brain damage , toxic influences , or psychological stress may determine higher levels of neurocognitive integration dysfunction that typically occur in children with attention - deficit and hyperactivity disorder ( adhd).13 one of the most important postnatal...	background and objectivesrecent and historical findings suggest that later - developed functions during brain ontogenesis related to higher levels of cognitive and motor integration tend to replace the older , more primitive , ones , and the persistence of the older functions may be linked to specific neuropsychiatric ...
community - acquired pneumonia ( cap ) is acquired during the course of everyday life by patients who do not have a known immune deficiency . despite advancements in antibiotic treatment , cap continues to negatively affect morbidity and mortality . cap is also the sixth most common infectious cause of death in hospi...	background : plasma d - dimer levels are directly related to the intra- and extra - vascular coagulation that occurs in acute and chronic lung damage in patients with community - acquired pneumonia ( cap).objectives : this study examines the relationship between the severity of community - acquired pneumonia and d - di...
bacterial multicomponent monooxygenases ( bmms ) comprise a family of enzymes capable of hydroxylating or epoxidizing a wide range of hydrocarbons , including the greenhouse gas methane and environmentally hazardous substances such as benzene and trichloroethylene . bmm enzymes can be grouped into four classe...	the hydroxylation or epoxidation of hydrocarbons by bacterial multicomponent monooxygenases ( bmms ) requires the interplay of three or four protein components . how component protein interactions control catalysis , however , is not well understood . in particular , the binding sites of the reductase com...
a 46-year - old married saudi woman presented at a primary health care center with left upper abdominal pain , with no other associated symptoms . five months later , she presented to the surgery clinic because of increased abdominal pain with no response to medication ; her physical examination showed fullness of th...	synovial sarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm which commonly occurs in the extremities of adults , in close association with joint capsules , tendon sheaths , bursae and fascial structures . only a few cases of synovial sarcoma occurring in the abdominal wall have been reported . a case of a primary synovial s...
docetaxel ( dcx ) is a second generation taxane , derived from the inactive 10-deacetyl baccatin iii , extracted from the european yew tree ( taxus baccata ) . dcx has better water solubility , pharmacokinetic profile , and anticancer activity than paclitaxel . current fda approved dcx products , includ...	docetaxel ( dcx ) is a second generation taxane . it is approved by the u.s . food and drug administration for the treatment of various types of cancer , including breast , non - small cell lung , and head and neck cancers . however , side effects , including those related to tween 80 , an excipient in curr...
the prevalence of diabetes mellitus ( dm ) for all age groups worldwide was estimated to be 2.8% in year 2000 and it is quite clear that male patients with dm are 3 times more likely to develop erectile dysfunction ( ed ) than those who do not have dm . in streptozotocin ( stz)-induced diabetic rats , thus , the erec...	backgroundthe aim of this study was to determine if shrna constructs targeting insulin - like growth factor binding protein-3 can rehabilitate decreased serum testosterone concentrations in streptozotocin - induced diabetic rats.material/methodsafter 12 weeks of intracavernous administration of igfbp-3 shrna , intracav...
the plant antiaris toxicaria ( family moraceae ) is an indigenous plant common in ghanaian forests . foto or kyenkyen in akan and the bark cloth tree in english . despite considerable advancements in the treatment of neurological disorders currently available antiepileptic drugs ( aeds ) have debilitating advers...	antiaris toxicaria ( moraceae ) was evaluated for anticonvulsant activity in rodents . animal models used include maximal electroshock test ( mest ) ; pentylenetetrazole - induced ( ptz ) convulsions ; picrotoxin - induced ( pct ) convulsions ; strychnine- ( str- ) and 4-aminopyridine - induced convulsions . increa...
a 15-year - old male , who was diagnosed with prs , was scheduled for repair of a pectus excavatum under general anesthesia . he had a history of tracheostomy at birth , a cleft palate operation at 1 month of age , and tracheostomy closure 1.5 years later . according to the consulting otolaryngologist , there was n...	patients with pierre robin syndrome are characterized by micrognathia , retrognathia , glossoptosis , and respiratory obstruction and are prone to have a difficult - to - intubate airway . the mcgrath mac video laryngoscope provides a better view of the glottis than a macintosh laryngoscope , but it is not easy to in...
rarely , severe cholecystitis may result in extravasation of bile through rupture of rokitansky - aschoff sinuses or mucosal ulceration causing severe fibrosis and formation of yellow intramural nodules and xanthogranulomatous reaction known as xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis ( xgc ) [ 1 - 4 ] . although there is a...	there have been reports of the coexistence of abdominal aortic aneurysm ( aaa ) with intra - abdominal malignancy including gastric , colonic , pancreatic , and renal . we herein report a case of a previously undiagnosed aaa and a presenting complaint consistent with acute cholecystitis . following cholecystectomy ...
neuro - cardiogenic interaction has been known for many years.1)2 ) an excessive release of catecholamines , known as a trigger of takotsubo cardiomyopathy ( tc ) , is developed when sympathetic nervous system is hyperactivated in stressful conditions including cerebral seizure . cerebral seizure has been reported as...	we describe a case of takotsubo cardiomyopathy in an elderly woman after status epilepticus . in an emergency echocardiography , not only left ventricular apical ballooning but also right ventricular apical hypokinesia was observed . after a medical management , the patient 's condition was improved and a follow - up...
the main causes of snhl are advanced age , the use of ototoxic medications , noise exposure , hereditary , and autoimmune diseases . it has recently been reported that various other factors such as family history , smoking , alcohol consumption , head trauma , diseases such as diabetes , high blood pressure , and som...	backgroundthe purpose of our study was to investigate the association between polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) and hearing thresholds.material/methodsforty women diagnosed with pcos ( mean age , 24.336.38 years ) and 40 healthy women controls ( mean age , 26.386.75 years ) were included in prospective study . each ...
retinal artery macroaneurysms ( rams ) are rare , acquired dilatations of the retinal arterial vasculature , usually within the first three branches of the arteriolar tree.1 the incidence is estimated to be approximately 1 in 4,500 people over the age of 40.2 hypertension and older age lead to hyaline degeneration of t...	an 84-year - old female with a history of hypertension and dyslipidemia was referred for a retinal artery macroaneurysm with exudation that had extended into the macula . she underwent a total of six injections of bevacizumab , with some improvement in visual acuity and retinal thickness . due to persistent macular e...
the absorption of iron is strictly controlled through hepcidin , while there are no efficient physiologic mechanisms to excrete iron from the body . under conditions where iron metabolism is disturbed , such as in transfusion - dependent patients with thalassemia major , myelodysplastic syndromes , aplastic anemia , ...	objective : the aim of this study was to summarize the interactions between hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) infection and iron overload , and to understand the mechanisms of iron overload in chronic hepatitis c ( chc ) and the role iron plays in hcv life cycle.data sources : this review was based on data in articles publishe...
colorectal cancer ( crc ) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity , and the third most common malignancy in the world ( 1 ) . the incidence of this malignancy shows considerable variation among racially or ethnically defined populations in multiracial / ethnic countries . crc is the third most common type of ca...	hypermethylation of the promoter region of the p16ink4a ( p16 ) gene plays a significant role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer ( crc ) . the aim of the present study was to establish the role of the methylation status of the p16 gene in 114 crc cases and to correlate it with the various clinico...
anabolic androgenic steroids ( aass ) represent a large group of synthetic derivatives of testosterone , produced to maximize anabolic effects and minimize the androgenic ones [ 1 , 2 ] . the most common oral and injectable aass with their chemical structures are reported in table 1 . androgens act by binding to th...	anabolic androgenic steroids ( aass ) represent a large group of synthetic derivatives of testosterone , produced to maximize anabolic effects and minimize the androgenic ones . aas can be administered orally , parenterally by intramuscular injection and transdermally . androgens act by binding to the nuclear andro...
in general relativity , kinetic theory has been used relatively sparsely to model phenomenological matter in comparison to fluid models , although interest has increased in recent years . from a mathematical point of view there are fundamental advantages to using a kinetic description . in non - curved spacetimes kin...	the main purpose of this article is to provide a guide to theorems on global properties of solutions to the einstein - vlasov system . this system couples einstein s equations to a kinetic matter model . kinetic theory has been an important field of research during several decades in which the main focus has been o...
there are at least 40 types of legionella bacteria , half of which are capable of producing disease in humans . the legionella pneumophila bacterium we describe the case of a 60-year - old woman with a history of diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension who was admitted to our hospital with fever and symptoms of r...	introductionthere are at least 40 types of legionella bacteria , half of which are capable of producing disease in humans . the legionella pneumophila bacterium , the root cause of legionnaires disease , causes 90% of legionellosis cases.case presentationwe describe the case of a 60-year - old woman with a history of...
bat guano , an excrement of the cave - dwelling bats forms the basis of the ecology inside the cave by acting as a food source for detritivorous microbes . it contains high content of organic carbon , nitrogen , phosphate , and potassium , . bacteria present in bat guano were reported to be involved in nitrifica...	v4 hypervariable region of 16s rdna was analyzed for identifying the bacterial communities present in bat guano from the unexplored cave pnahkyndeng , meghalaya , northeast india . metagenome comprised of 585,434 raw illumina sequences with a 59.59% g+c content . a total of 416,490 preprocessed reads were clustere...
differential lipid composition between the apical and basolateral membrane domains of epithelial cell plasma membranes made it clear that membrane lipids are not laterally distributed in a homogeneous fashion . the lipid raft hypothesis was developed to explain lateral separation of bilayer lipids , and this idea q...	evidence in support of the classical lipid raft hypothesis has remained elusive . data suggests that transmembrane proteins and the actin - containing cortical cytoskeleton can organize lipids into short - lived nanoscale assemblies that can be assembled into larger domains under certain conditions . this supports ...
repetitive effortless vomiting is termed as rumination syndrome and is common in infants and mentally retarded individuals . it is associated with considerable morbidity in children who frequently miss the school , have history of multiple hospitalizations , and also suffer significant psychiatric morbidity . unfor...	rumination syndrome is known to exist in infants and mentally retarded adults since long time . in past few years , some reports appeared that showed its existence in adult patients also . it is frequently confused with the intractable vomiting in adults and misdiagnosis leads to delay in appropriate management . ...
an atlanto - axial synovial cyst is very rare . since the first report of this lesion by onofrio and mih1 ) in 1988 , to our knowledge . however , the current report described a patient with a large hemorrhagic cystic mass which was seen around prevertebral space of the atlantoaxial joint on the left side and the obs...	synovial cyst on prevertebral space of c1 - 2 joint is rare but may be associated hemorrhagic event . we describe a case of a 72-year - old woman who presented with sudden severe headache in her left occipital area with dyspnea . she had rheumatoid arthritis for 14-years . large hemorrhagic cystic mass was seen a...
methanol has the potential to be an efficient fuel for direct methanol fuel cells ( dmfcs ) with many applications ranging from small portable devices to large stationary power plants . however , one major challenge that dmfc is facing is the fragility of the proton exchange membrane which is very thin in a dmfc . ...	the development of direct methanol fuel cells required the attention to the electrolyte . a good electrolyte should not only be ionic conductive but also be crossover resistant . ionic liquids could be a promising electrolyte for fuel cells . monitoring methanol was critical in several locations in a direct metha...
epithelial monolayer ( em ) is the largest body tissue lining many organs in the human body . in the intestine , em provides protection to the internal body from toxic and infectious agents while at the same time it facilitates absorption of digested food and water from the gut . epithelial monolayer integrity and ...	human gastrointestinal tract is covered by a monolayer of specialized epithelial cells that constitute a protective barrier surface to external toxic and infectious agents along with metabolic and digestive functions . intercellular junctions , among epithelial cells , such as desmosomes , adherens , gap , and tight ...
drug induced liver injury ( dili ) is a major issue worldwide , both for patients and health providers . it is one of the primary causes for attrition during clinical and preclinical studies and the main reason for drug withdrawal from the market . dili is divided into types , ( i ) hepatocellular , ( ii ) ...	cholestasis represents one out of three types of drug induced liver injury ( dili ) , which comprises a major challenge in drug development . in this study we applied a two - class classification scheme based on k - nearest neighbors in order to predict cholestasis , using a set of 93 two - dimensional ( 2d )...
this was a double - blind randomized paralleled trial conducted at 74 sites in the u.s . and six sites in puerto rico ( nct00698230 ) . the study consisted of five periods : screening , metformin dose stabilization , 14-day placebo single - blind run - in , 12-week double - blind treatment , and 3-week off - treatmen...	objective11--hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 ( 11hsd1 ) converts inactive cortisone into active cortisol , thereby amplifying intracellular glucocorticoid action . the efficacy and safety of the 11hsd1 inhibitor incb13739 were assessed when added to ongoing metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes e...
however , it is unclear whether to perform reoperation in asymptomatic patients with low transprosthetic gradient . especially , in patients with depressed left ventricular function , it is important to clarify which the main cause of left ventricular dysfunction is structural valve deterioration or other factors suc...	we report a case of structural valve deterioration , which occurred 7 years after aortic valve replacement in a 78-year - old male with cardiac sarcoidosis . his echocardiography showed low transprosthetic valve gradient and depressed left ventricular function . a dobutamine stress echocardiography was performed to...
periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of supporting tissues of the teeth in response to noxious stimuli whether mechanical , chemical or infectious , resulting in progressive destruction of periodontal apparatus , hence leading to pocket formation , recession or both . the tissue destruction in periodontiti...	objective : to compare the levels of glutathione ( gsh ) , both oxidized and reduced forms in patients with and without chronic periodontitis in gingival crevicular fluid ( gcf).materials and methods : twenty gcf samples from maxillary quadrants were collected using capillary micropipettes from the chronic periodontiti...
breast carcinoma is the commonest malignant tumor and the leading cause of cancer death in women , with more than one million new cases occurring worldwide annually . it is well known that proto - oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are two types of genes that play a key role in the regulation of cell growth and dif...	backgroundthis study aimed to estimate the rate of her-2/neu ( c - erbb2 ) immunohistochemical overexpression in different histological types of breast cancer found in the middle euphrates region of iraq , a region that was exposed to high levels of depleted uranium . her-2/neu ( c - erbb2 ) overexpression was correl...
infantis resulted from a general increase in different biotypes or a successful spread of 1 clone . infantis identified in israel during 20072009 ( 21 human sources , 28 poultry sources , and 22 food sources ) and 16 historical strains isolated during 19702005 ( 12 human sources , 2 poultry sources , and 2 food sourc...	to determine whether rapid emergence of salmonella enterica serovar infantis in israel resulted from an increase in different biotypes or spread of 1 clone , we characterized 87 serovar infantis isolates on the genotypic and phenotypic levels . the emerging strain comprised 1 genetic clone with a distinct pulsed - fi...

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