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splenectomy is the preferred treatment for many hematologic diseases and is a necessary skill for any surgeon . in the early 1990s laparoscopic splenectomy ( ls ) took shape as a viable alternative to open surgery ( os ) and quickly became the standard of care for many splenic disorders . previously published data ...
background and objectives : laparoscopic splenectomy ( ls ) has been shown to offer superior outcomes when compared to open splenectomy ( os ) . despite the potential advantages associated with the minimally invasive technique , laparoscopy appears to be underused . we sought to evaluate the nationwide trends in ls...
the prevalence of overweight among danish children aged 68 years was 15% and 21% among boys and girls , respectively . ideally , the prevention of childhood overweight and obesity should begin as early as possible , which may even be before birth . changes to the intrauterine environment , caused by stress or malnu...
background . maternal distress during pregnancy increases the intrauterine level of glucocorticoids , which may have long - term health consequences for the child . objective . to examine if distress as a combined measure of anxiety , depression , and stress of the mother during pregnancy was associated with offspr...
one of the central challenges to biology is understanding biological information flow such as how genotypes manifest into functional phenotypes . historically , biological experiments have been difficult to conduct leading to a scarcity of data . however , technological improvements in experimental high - throughput ...
metabolic engineering modifies cellular function to address various biochemical applications . underlying metabolic engineering efforts are a host of tools and knowledge that are integrated to enable successful outcomes . concurrent development of computational and experimental tools has enabled different approache...
reducing post - operative pain is an important issue in perioperative patient care.the release of proteolytic and inflammatory mediators after surgical manipulation may cause powerful nociceptive impulses that trigger pain ( 1 ) . the primary phenomenon in inflammatory pain conduction is the stimulation of the spinal...
background : recently , the use of ketamine as a systemic and local analgesic drug in reducing post - operative pain is studied more frequently.objectives:the aim of the present study was to assess the analgesic efficacy of iv ketamine injection inaddition to nephrostomy tract infiltration of ketamine - bupivacaine on ...
myosins are a large and diverse family of molecular motors important for cell migration and motility . the human genome encodes 39 myosin genes , subdivided into 12 different classes ( berg et al . , 2001 , peckham and knight , 2009 ) . the remaining three encode the non - muscle ( nm ) myosin isoforms 2a , 2b , a...
summarywe investigated the myosin expression profile in prostate cancer cell lines and found that myo1b , myo9b , myo10 , and myo18a were expressed at higher levels in cells with high metastatic potential . moreover , myo1b and myo10 were expressed at higher levels in metastatic tumors . using an sirna - based approa...
since 2009 the international judo federation ( ijf ) established a world ranking list based on different competitions levels . before the last olympic games the athletes received a specific number of points according to their performance in the following competition : continental open , 100 points ; grand prix , 300 po...
the main purpose of the present study was to calculate the probability based on a bayesian approach to win a medal in the olympic games given the athlete is seeded and to verify if the number one ranked athlete has any advantage compared to other seeded athletes concerning his / her chances to be olympic champion . f...
unicystic ameloblastoma ( uca ) was first described by robinson and martinez , to delineate its less aggressive course compared to solid ameloblastoma . with the exception of age of onset and biologic outcome , the purpose of this report is to present a case of uca showing a pericoronal radiolucency in the primary le...
unicystic ameloblastoma ( uca ) is a clinical subtype of ameloblastoma that is considered prognostically different . the purpose of this report is to present a case of uca showing dual radiographic pattern in a child . a detailed study of the lesion was carried out in an 8 year old female child who presented to our...
nurse turnover is a costly problem that will continue as healthcare faces the impending nursing shortage ; a new generation of nurses enters the workforce , and incentives provided to nurses to work for institutions increase . a variety of factors influence the retention of nurses in adult care settings , including w...
background . workplace turnover is destructive to nursing and patient outcomes as it leads to losing competent and qualified nurses . however , developments of coping strategies demand a clear understanding of workplace variables that either motivate nurses to remain employed or lead them to leave their current job...
development into adulthood has , at its origins , strands of dna inherited from two parents combined with endogenous or external environmental influences . yet it is well known now that siblings or twins adopted away at birth share very similar physical , personality and mental traits with their close biological rela...
the search for a genetic basis for schizophrenia has taken a new turn recently with the publication of three reports of various rare copy - number variations that are associated with schizophrenia . while some of the findings may simply disappear as spurious reports , others remain interesting : that is , deletions i...
formylglycine generating enzyme ( fge ) performs a critical posttranslational modification of type i sulfatases , converting cysteine within the motif cxpxr to the aldehyde - bearing residue formylglycine ( fgly ) . this concise motif can be installed within heterologous proteins as a genetically encoded aldehyde t...
at the most basic level , the brain may be viewed as a vast network of nerve cells ( neurons ) with specialized projections ( dendrites and axons ) connected to each other at junctions known as synapses , through which signals are passed from one neuron to the next . as early as the 19 century , well before the exact n...
the notion that synaptic remodeling underlies certain forms of learning is one of the main tenets of hebb 's inspiring theories dating from the 1940s . until recently , however , direct evidence for tight relationships between synaptic remodeling and behavior has been scarce . fascinating data from recent studies o...
preeclampsia , a unique human pregnancy disorder , is characterized by the development of new hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation in patients free from any clinical disease . but it is not only hypertension and proteinuria ; preeclampsia is a multiorgan disease in which the target organs are the ...
backgroundthe aim of this study was to determine the maternal serum concentrations of enos , adma , and homocysteine in preeclamptic pregnancies.material/methodsthe study was carried out on 62 patients with pregnancy complicated by early onset and 53 patients with late onset preeclampsia . the control group consisted...
glomus tumor is a rare benign tumor arising from neuroarterial plexus concentrated beneath the nailbed usually in women of age group 20 - 40 yrs . the plexus is an arteriovenous anastomosis functioning without intermediary capillary bed , we report a case of glomus tumor affecting the nailbed of left little finger wi...
introduction : glomus tumor is a rare benign tumor arising from neuroarterial plexus concentrated beneath the nailbed usually in women of age group 20 - 40 yrs . the plexus is an arteriovenous anastomosis functioning without intermediary capillary bed , we report a case of glomus tumor affecting the nailbed of left lit...
the importance of postoperative complications as a significant contributor to the increasing cost of health care in the united states is difficult to understate given that complications are the strongest indicator of full in - hospital costs per patient . preventing postoperative complications will not only improve q...
study design : retrospective cohort study.objective:the objective of the study was to determine rates of medical and surgical postoperative complications following anterior lumbar interbody fusion ( alif ) along with their associated predictors.methods:using the american college of surgeons national surgical quality im...
the diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma ( dsv - ptc ) , first described by vickery et al . in 1985 , is a histological variant of ptc . it is characterized by diffuse involvement of one or both thyroid lobules with prominent squamous metaplasia , numerous psammoma bodies , and dense sclerosis in...
the diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma ( dsv - ptc ) is a relatively rare tumor . we herein report the case of young woman with dsv - ptc who developed cervical lymph node recurrence 7 years after the initial surgery . a 15-year - old female patient with no medical or family history of thyroid ...
brainstem vascular malformations can be classified as arteriovenous malformations , venous malformations , cavernous malformations , or capillary telangiectasias . on pathological examination , capillary telangiectasias are a distinct type of vascular malformation , characterized by multiple thin - walled vascular ch...
a case of presumed pontine capillary telangiectasia in an 18-year - old woman with a clinical diagnosis of basilar - type migraine is reported . since both are very rare diagnoses , this case provides some evidence to suggest that pontine capillary telangiectasia might cause a clinical picture resembling basilar - ty...
renal cell carcinoma ( rcc ) can metastasize to any location in the body , and distant metastases are common , being present in 30% to 40% of patients with metastatic disease . the most common sites affected are the lungs ( 76% ) , regional lymph nodes ( ln ) ( 66% ) , bone ( 42% ) , and liver ( 41% ) . however , o...
although metastasis is relatively frequent in cases of renal cell carcinoma ( rcc ) , metastasis in the cervical or supraclavicular lymph node ( ln ) is relatively rare . moreover , cases of metastatic rcc with a non - identifiable kidney mass are extremely rare . here , the authors report a case of metastatic rcc ...
in the last 30 years , there have been pronounced increases in the use of antidepressants,13 which are now the third most commonly prescribed medication class in the usa.4 although newer antidepressants ( beginning with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ) are effective and generally well - tolerated for trea...
objectivewe validated an algorithm designed to identify new or prevalent users of antidepressant medications via population - based drug prescription records.patients and methodswe obtained population - based drug prescription records for the entire olmsted county , minnesota , population from 2011 to 2012 ( n=149 629...
infantile tremor syndrome ( its ) is a clinical syndrome of acute or gradual onset of mental and psychomotor changes , pigmentary disturbances of hair and skin , pallor , and coarse tremors in malnourished children aged between 5 months and 3 years . it has been primarily reported from india and south east asia and h...
infantile tremor syndrome ( its ) is a clinical disorder characterized by coarse tremors , anemia and regression of motor and mental milestones , presenting in malnourished children aged between 5 months and 3 years . few reports of neuroimaging abnormalities in children with its are present . the most common findi...
systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) is a chronic multisystem autoimmune disease and is considered to be caused by complex interactions between genetic risk , environmental , and hormonal factors that result in an immune dysregulation , and autoantibody production ensued [ 13 ] . epidemiological studies reported that...
several variants of ctla-4 have been reported to be associated with susceptibility systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) ; however , findings have been inconsistent across different populations . using a case - control study design , we have investigated the role of ctla-4 polymorphism at positions 1661 and 1722 on sl...
the genus campylobacter contains fifteen species , of which campylobacter jejuni is the most commonly clinically isolated , in association with invasive diarrheal colitis . fetus ( c. fetus ) is an opportunistic organism that causes nonintestinal infections with vascular tropism . it has been implicated in various ...
bacteremia due to campylobacter spp . is rarely reported , and campylobacter fetus is the species most commonly exhibiting vascular tropism , as occurred in this case report describing the diagnosis of c. fetus bacteremia in an infant presenting with respiratory tract infection . a 5-month - old baby , with undiagnos...
adoptive immunotherapy , particularly adoptive transfer of antigen - specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes , has shown some success in clinical trials for treating both cancer and viral infections [ 15 ] . however , due to resident tolerance within the tumor environment the most robust ctl must be stimulated for highest e...
the adoptive transfer of antigen - specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes ( ctl ) shows promise in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases . we utilize adeno - associated virus-(aav- ) based antigen gene - loaded dendritic cells ( dcs ) to stimulate such antigen - specific ctl . yet further improvements in ctl st...
dermatophytosis is a group of skin fungal infections caused by dermatophytes ( or ring worms ) , which invade and attack keratinized tissues . typical symptoms of these infections include inflammation or redness of the infected part , brittleness and fissures of the nails , and loss of hair from the affected parts . ...
background : coula edulis bail ( olacaceae ) , is an evergreen tree growing to a height of 25 . this study aimed at evaluating the antidermatophytic and toxicological properties of the stem bark of c. edulis extract as well as fractions and compounds isolated from it . methods : the plant extract was prepared by ...
swabs were taken from the anterior nares of dogs , horses , and staff ; nasal surface of cats ; perineum of dogs , cats , and horses ; and the neck skin surface of horses . swab specimens were directly inoculated onto mannitol salt agar ( labm , bury , uk ) with aztreonam ( 2 mg / l ) and oxacillin resistance scree...
we determined the molecular characteristics of methicillin - resistant staphylococci from animals and staff at a small animal and equine hospital . methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus ( mrsa ) identical to human emrsa-15 was found in dogs and hospital staff . in contrast , 5 distinct mrsa strains were iso...
the concept of stability in vitiligo is multifaceted , and no consensus has yet been reached on defining the criteria for this so far . it includes not only clinical aspects of stability but also many recently identified biochemical and ultrastructural correlates of the same . the exact definition of stability in v...
stability is a hard - to - define concept in the setting of vitiligo , but is nonetheless extremely crucial to the planning of treatment regimens and also in prognosticating for the patient . there are several ways to judge stability in vitiligo , which include clinical features and , recently , many biochemical , cy...
dpp - iii ( ec 3.4.14.4 ) of the goat brain is a dipeptidylaminopeptidase which removes n - terminal dipeptide from arg - arg-4mna at ph 8.5 . the enzyme was recently purified and characterized and found to be affected by thiol compounds and metal ions . it hydrolysed leu - enkephalin and other bioactive peptides...
dipeptidylpeptidase - iii ( dpp - iii ) from goat brain was purified and characterized using arginyl - arginyl-4-methoxy--naphthylamide ( arg - arg-4mna ) substrate . this enzyme retained its activity in native 10% pol...
one of the major questions in the nkt cell field is the identity of the glycolipid ligands responsible for the positive selection of nkt cells . cd1d molecules most likely bind their ligands as they recirculate through the endosomal / lysosomal pathway of the dp cells before returning to the cell membrane to present ...
natural killer t cells ( nkt cells ) are selected in the thymus by self - glycolipid antigens presented by cd1d molecules . it is currently thought that one specific component of the lysosomal processing pathway , which leads to the production of isoglobotrihexosylceramide ( igb3 ) , is essential for normal nkt cell ...
hcv infection is among life threatening public health problems worldwide , with over 170200 million infected people including about 17 million from pakistan . it has been estimated to cause approximately 27% of cirrhosis and 25% of hepatocellular carcinoma cases worldwide . hcv is a small enveloped , positive sen...
determination of an individual 's hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) genotypes prior to antiviral therapy has become increasingly important for the clinical management and prognosis of hcv infection . therefore , this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of hcv genotypes in hcv infected patients of district bannu...
smoking tobacco not only predisposes to the development of disease , it increases disease severity and treatment failure rates . for these reasons , smoking cessation particularly benefits those patients who have smoking - related cancers such as head and neck or lung cancer and those who are diagnosed with curable d...
background . tobacco smoking cessation interventions in the oncology population are an important part of comprehensive treatment plan . objectives . to evaluate through a systematic review smoking cessation interventions and cessation rates in cancer patients . search strategy . the literature was searched using ...
most scientists view estradiol as women 's sole bone - active gonadal steroid . in reality estrogen plays positive roles in bone biology and osteoporosis prevention and treatment primarily through decreasing bone resorption [ 35 ] . there is also compelling evidence that powerful bone - destructive cytokines such a...
estradiol ( e2 ) and progesterone ( p4 ) collaborate within bone remodelling on resorption ( e2 ) and formation ( p4 ) . we integrate evidence that p4 may prevent and , with antiresorptives , treat women 's osteoporosis . p4 stimulates osteoblast differentiation in vitro . menarche ( e2 ) and onset of ovulation (...
over last three decades , the role of hematopoietic stem cell transplant ( hsct ) in chronic myeloid leukemia ( cml ) has seen several phases and continues to be defined . in 1980 's , hsct came as a revolutionary concept that offered cure from cml . in 1990 's , transplant methodologies were refined , which result...
indications for hematopoietic stem cell transplant ( hsct ) in chronic myeloid leukemia ( cml ) have changed over time . this change has largely been influenced by the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors , increased understanding of the mechanisms underlying disease phase progression as well as drug resistance , ref...
chorioangiomas are the most common benign tumors of the placenta originating from primitive angioblastic tissues . the newborn are rare and usually associated with tumors greater than 5 cm in diameter and consist of polyhydramnios , fetal anemia , massive edema with pleural effusion , ascites and intrauterine growth ...
backgroundchorioangiomas are the most common benign tumors of the placenta originating from primitive angioblastic tissues . it comprises near 1 percent of placental tumors . clinical manifestations in the newborn are rare and usually associated with tumors greater than 5 cm in diameter and consist of polyhydramnio...
a 46-year - old female presented with vague gastrointestinal symptoms , chronic right upper quadrant abdominal pain and intolerance to fatty food and diarrhea for the last two years . she was given the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome and had been followed by her internist . she had undergone an abdominal hyst...
carcinoid tumors of the midgut arise from the distal duodenum , jejunum , ileum , appendix , ascending and right transverse colon . the appendix and terminal ileum are the most common location . the majority of carcinoid tumors originate from neuroendocrine cells along the gastrointestinal tract , but they are also...
in this article , we take a historical perspective to describe how individual diseases caused by cmv were first recognised . we focus on congenital cmv , infections in solid organ transplants , bone marrow transplants and advanced hiv using data from developed countries , because other articles in this issue will con...
abstractcytomegalovirus ( cmv ) is well - known for the end organ diseases ( eods ) it causes following viraemic dissemination in immunocompromised hosts . these are termed the direct effects of cmv , where a diagnosis can be made in an individual patient . in addition , cmv is associated with indirect effects wher...
interest in the redox properties of natural products has stimulated many studies focusing on natural products that prevent the destructive effects caused by reactive oxygen species ( ros ) on many biomolecules ( 1 ) . ros are also involved in controlling the pathogenesis of many degenerative diseases ( 2,3 ) and may ...
interest in the redox properties of natural products has led to the development of various assays for the detection of antioxidant activities and ros - scavenging properties . here , additional modifications of the 2-deoxy - d - ribose degradation assay are introduced that specifically allow the determination of intera...
arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/ dysplasia ( arvc / d ) is a myocardial disease in which myocardium of the right ventricular free wall is partially or almost entirely replaced by fatty or fibro - fatty tissue ( 13 ) . the anterior right ventricular outflow tract , the apex , and the inferior - posteri...
arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy ( arvc ) is a heart muscle disease in which the pathological substrate is a fibro - fatty replacement of the right ventricular myocardium . the major clinical features are different types of arrhythmias with a left branch block pattern . arvc shows autosomal dominant ...
double free - flaps are technically challenging due to the complex nature of the defect , harvest of two flaps and use of two pairs of recipient 's vessels . in such limb defects more further the risk of distal limb ischaemia is imminent when collateral circulation is not adequate . double fasciocutanous flaps eith...
double free - flaps are necessary when tissue cover can not be sufficed with a single flap . the other factors to be considered when using two free flaps for resurfacing of distal limb defects are the availability of more than one recipient vessel , the risk of distal limb ischaemia and the donor site morbidity of doub...
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is characterized by persistent and progressive airflow limitation resulting from abnormal inflammatory response of the airways and lungs to noxious particles inhalation.1 apart from inducing lung damage , copd is recognized as a multisystemic inflammatory disease associate...
introductionchronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is recognized as a multisystemic inflammatory disease associated with extrapulmonary comorbidities , including respiratory muscle weakness and cardiovascular and cardiac autonomic regulation disorders . we investigated whether alterations in respiratory muscl...
a retrospective case review was performed to identify patients who developed tao in temporal association with periocular surgery . patients were examined for proptosis , lid retraction and lid lag , extraocular motility abnormalities , and periocular swelling . radiological investigations ( mri or ct ) were used to...
purposeto descirbe a series of patients in which thyroid associated orbitopathy ( tao ) occurred after periocular surgery.methodsa retrospective case review of patients who developed tao in close temporal association with periocular surgical interventions and presented at the orbital clinic from 1997 to 2004 . histor...
blood samples and tumour tissues were obtained from 117 operated lung cancer patients admitted to oslo university hospitalrikshospitalet in the period 20062011 . the collected tumor samples consisted of 93 adenocarcinomas , 2 large cell carcinomas and 22 squamous cell carcinomas . one patient was diagnosed with metas...
lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death , and the past years improved insight into underlying molecular events has significantly improved outcome for specific subsets of patients . in particular , several new therapies that target protein kinases have been implemented , and many more are becoming avail...
natural variability in climate is a function of : ( i ) the relative position of the sun ( and its activity such as sunspots , radiation , magnetism , eruption ) and the earth ; ( ii ) the milankovitch cycles ( 1 ) ; and ( iii ) the interactions between the components of the climate system , i.e. the atmosphere , the h...
backgroundclimate and environment vary across many spatio - temporal scales , including the concept of climate change , which impact on ecosystems , vector - borne diseases and public health worldwide.objectivesto develop a conceptual approach by mapping climatic and environmental conditions from space and studying the...
patellar dislocation and patellofemoral instability may occur in a young population with varying activity levels . the overall recurrence rate of patellar dislocation after an initial event is close to 40 % . in fact , patients who have a primary patellar dislocation have a 17 % recurrence rate , and patients who...
patellofemoral instability may occur in a young population as a result of injury during sporting activities . this review focuses on return to sport after one episode of dislocation treated no operatively and as well after surgery for chronic patellofemoral instability . with or without surgery , only two - thirds ...
the prospective , parallel - design , randomized cluster trial was conducted in three highly populated office buildings for employees in a midwestern mutual health insurance company ( medical mutual of ohio , cleveland ) over a more than 13-month period from february 2014 through march 2015 . the chesapeake research ...
objective : the aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of a multimodal hand hygiene intervention program in reducing health care insurance claims for hygiene preventable infections ( eg , cold and influenza ) , absenteeism , and subjective impact on employees.methods:a 13.5-month prospective , randomized clust...
almost all newborn infants develop some degree of hyperbilirubinemia as a normal transition in physiology . high levels of unbound unconjugated bilirubin can cross the blood brain barrier and cause neurological symptoms . the association between hyperbilirubinemia and encephalopathy was first described in 1847 by h...
background . severe hyperbilirubinaemia requiring exchange transfusion has become less common in recent years ; however , kernicterus still occurs . the aim of this study was to review babies undergoing exchange transfusion for severe hyperbilirubinaemia in a johannesburg hospital . methodology . this was a retro...
recent studies have shown that the classic circulation model of cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) is incomplete.1 production of csf is not only dependent on choroid plexus but also on water flux in the pericapillary ( virchow robin ) space.2 , 3 historically , csf flow through the pericapillary space is known as interstitial...
abstractthe phenomenon known as neural flow coupling ( nfc ) occurs at the capillary level where there are no known pressure controlling structures . recent developments in advanced magnetic resonance imaging technologies have made possible in vivo direct investigations of water physiology that have shed new insight ...
it is the leading cause of acquired disability in adults and has a tremendous socioeconomic impact on patients , their relatives and health systems . in switzerland , the incidence of stroke has been estimated to be 150/100,000 ( year 2000 ) . in 2004 , the overall stroke event rate was 296.3/100,000 ( 287.7/100,00...
stroke represents the leading cause of acquired disability in adults and poses a tremendous socioeconomic burden both on patients and the society . in this sense , prompt diagnosis and urgent treatment are needed in order to radically reduce the devastating consequences of this disease . herein the authors present ...
cell - to - cell adhesion in epithelial cell sheets is maintained mainly through two types of junctions : adherens junction and tight junction . a number of studies have focused their attention on the transmembrane protein of the adherens junction.1,2 only in recent years has the importance of tight junction proteins...
tight junctions , or zonula occludens , are the most apical component of the junctional complex and provide one form of cell cell adhesion in epithelial and endothelial cells . nearly 90% of malignant tumors are derived from the epithelium . loss of cell cell adhesion is one of the steps in the progression of can...
statins are a very widely used class of medication and controlled studies have demonstrated clear benefits with respect to cardiac disorders and also stroke and cognitive function . because of this there are moves toward their use in primary prevention of atherosclerosis ( 1 ) . the literature includes numerous repor...
this paper presents a case of reversible dysphasia occurring in a patient prescribed atorvastatin in combination with indapamide . a milder dysphasia recurred with the prescription of rosuvastatin and was documented on clinical examination . this resolved following cessation of rosuvastatin . the case highlights ...
mobility limitations are defined by impairment or dependence in movement and affect between one third and one half of adults aged 65 or older . lack of physical activity in older individuals can lead to loss of muscle mass ( sarcopenia ) , loss of bone density ( osteoporosis ) , and an increase in fat mass ( obesity ...
mobility restrictions in older adults are common and increase the likelihood of negative health outcomes and premature mortality . the effect of built environment on mobility in older populations , among whom environmental effects may be strongest , is the focus of a growing body of the literature . we reviewed rec...
coronary artery fistula ( caf ) is an abnormality in the termination of coronary artery and it was first described in 1865 by krause ( 1 ) . it is a communication between one or more coronary arteries and a cardiac chamber or great vessel resulting in a left to right shunt . caf is rare with an estimated prevalence...
coronary artery fistula ( caf ) is a rare anomaly of the coronary artery . patients with this condition are usually asymptomatic . however , cardiac failure may occur later in life due to progressive enlargement of the fistula . diagnosis is traditionally made by echocardiogram and conventional angiogram . howe...
all subjects gave written informed consent , and the study was approved by the local ethics committee . monocytes were separated using superparamagnetic polystyrene beads coated with a primary monoclonal antibody specific for the cd14 membrane antigen expressed on human monocytes ( invitrogen , groningen , germany ) ...
objectivetransient receptor potential ( trp ) channel induced cation influx activates human monocytes , which play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis . in the present study , we investigated the effects of high glucose induced oxidative stress on trp channel expression in human monocytes.resea...
mucocutaneous leishmaniasis often occurs in new world mostly due to leishmania(l ) braziliensis and less commonly l. panamensis and l. amazonensis(1 ) . there are also several reports of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in old world ( 24 ) . recently a case of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis due to l. major has been reported ...
herein , a 28-year - old man with hoarseness , skin and oral lesions is presented . at the time of admission , the patient had an erythematous plaque on his chin near his lower lip and an erythematous - violaceous plaque on his palate near the opening of the pharynx and 20 kg weight lost in last one year . the biopsy...
male sprague - dawley rats ( charles river , wilmington , ma ) weighing 275350 g were individually housed in the yale animal resource center in temperature - controlled ( 2223c ) and humidity - controlled rooms . the animals were fed rat chow ( agway prolab 3000 , syracuse , ny ) , given water ad libitum , and acclim...
objectivenorepinephrine is locally released into the ventromedial hypothalamus ( vmh ) , a key brain glucose - sensing region in the response to hypoglycemia . as a result , this neurotransmitter may play a role in modulating counterregulatory responses . this study examines whether norepinephrine acts to promote g...
a 47-year - old postmenopausal woman presented with slowly increasing abdominal girth with a palpable abdominal mass and vaginal bleeding . at the age of 15 , she underwent abdominal surgery due to intussusception of the small bowel of unknown cause . during the preoperative evaluation , colonoscopy identified eigh...
we describe an ovarian mucinous neoplasm that histologically resembles lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia ( legh ) containing pyloric gland type mucin in a patient with peutz - jeghers syndrome ( pjs ) . although ovarian mucinous tumors rarely occur in pjs patients , their pyloric gland phenotype has not been c...
facial tissue loss or defects can be acquired , congenital , tumoral lesions or accidental . facial deformity can cause functional and serious psychological problems that can affect an individual 's social behavour.1,2 the field of maxillofacial prosthetics is concerned with the prosthetic reconstruction of missing / d...
maxillofacial prosthodontics is an art and science which provides life like appearance to the person with facial deformity . maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation for acquired defects has become more complex and sophisticated with advancement in techniques and materials . this case report describes the clinical a...
staphylococcus aureus is a well - adapted human / zoonotic colonizer which can also cause a wide range of diseases and its treatment is becoming more difficult because of increasing rates of drug resistance both in hospital and community settings . community - acquired methicillin - resistant s. aureus ( ca - mrsa ) ...
background and objectivecommunity - acquired methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus ( ca - mrsa ) is increasingly reported worldwide . we aimed to determine the frequency of invasive ca - mrsa in children admitted to the pediatric wards of imam reza and ghaem hospitals of mashhad , iran.materials and methodsin...
for some , brachytherapy ( bt ) is something on the brink of extinction and their arguments are not scarce . brachytherapy might not sound too appealing for the average radiation oncologist because it implies transition from behind the screen to the or . blood appears as a real scenario and most of them chose from ...
in a field dominated by external beam radiation therapy ( ebrt ) , both the therapeutic and technical possibilities of brachytherapy ( bt ) are underrated , shadowed by protons and intensity modulated radiotherapy . decreasing expertise and indications , as well as increasing lack of specific bt training for radiation ...
epidural ( cse ) technique is a very commonly used method for central neuraxial blockade . it combines the advantages of spinal as well as epidural blocks and avoids their disadvantages . several cse techniques are described , but needle - through - needle is the most widely reported technique in the literature and...
needle - through - needle combined spinal epidural ( cse ) may cause significant delay in patient positioning resulting in settling down of spinal anaesthetic and unacceptably low block level . bilateral hip flexion has been shown to extend the spinal block by flattening lumbar lordosis . however , patients with l...
a statistically significant increase ( 19762009 ) has been reported in the age - standardized incidence rate ( asir ) for distant stage breast cancer diagnosed in women at age 2539 years in the population covered by population - based cancer registries of the national cancer institute 's surveillance , epidemiology , a...
background . unexplained increases have been reported in incidence rates for breast cancer diagnosed at distant stage in younger u.s . women , using data from the surveillance , epidemiology and end results ( seer ) program . methods . this report focused on recent seer trends ( 20002011 ) in age - standardized i...
lymphedema , an incurable health condition , occurs when an impairment of the lymphatic system results in a lymphatic load that is greater than lymphatic transport capacity . the consequence is accumulation of protein - rich fluid in the interstitial space [ 1 , 2 ] . over time , this high concentration of protein ...
this paper describes design and development of a self - management program , delivered by telerehabilitation ( tr ) , to address the problem of chronic lower limb swelling in persons with limited mobility . the 18.6 million persons with limited mobility in the usa are at increased risk for chronic lower limb swelling...
high - throughput genomics technology has made possible the era of precision medicine , an approach to healthcare that involves integrating a patient 's genetic , lifestyle , and environmental data and then comparing these data to similar data collected for thousands of other individuals to predict illness and determin...
advances in genomic medicine have the potential to change the way we treat human disease , but translating these advances into reality for improving healthcare outcomes depends essentially on our ability to discover disease- and/or drug - associated clinically actionable genetic mutations . integration and manipulati...
nutritional support is essential for patients undergoing major surgery , and nutritional therapies such as total parenteral nutrition or enteral nutrition are integral to the management of these patients . however , surgery causes a state of insulin resistance , and changes in glucose metabolism occur after surgery ,...
we measured the energy expenditure weekly in patients undergoing a pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy for bile duct cancer or pancreatic tumors . twelve patients ( 5 women and 7 men ; mean age 70.1 years ) were enrolled in this study , and their resting energy expenditure levels were determined by indirect calo...
globally , preterm birth ( defined as birth at < 37 weeks of gestation ) affects around 11% of deliveries ( blencowe et al . , 2013 ) and it is closely associated with cerebral palsy , cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric disease in later life ( kerr - wilson et al . , 2012 ; moore et al . , 2012 ) . individual...
preterm birth is associated with altered connectivity of neural circuits . we developed a tract segmentation method that provides measures of tract shape and integrity ( probabilistic neighborhood tractography , pnt ) from diffusion mri ( dmri ) data to test the hypotheses : 1 ) preterm birth is associated with alter...
acute myocardial infarction ( ami ) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with approximately one - half of deaths occurring in the prehospital setting . in the united arab emirates , mortality statistics from 2008 to 2010 showed that cardiovascular disease was the leading cause of death among both t...
background : data on the use of emergency medical services ( ems ) by patients with cardiac conditions in the gulf region are scarce , and prior studies have suggested underutilization . patient perception and knowledge of ems care is critical to proper utilization of such services.objectives:to estimate utilization ...
sympathetic innervation of the eye is a third - order neuron pathway which emerges from the hypothalamus and runs along a well - known route before reaching the eye [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] . the third - order neuron is located in the superior cervical ganglion dividing itself into two branches which innervate the mller 's musc...
in this paper , we present the rare case of a patient with cervical lymphadenopathy diagnosed as a t - cell - rich b - cell non - hodgkin lymphoma that manifested horner 's syndrome due to a post - ganglionic sympathetic neuron lesion caused by the tumor .
from october to november 2002 , a cluster of skin and soft tissue infections due to mrsa involving pediatric and maternity patients occurred at a new york city hospital . the hospital has a labor and delivery unit and 2 units that house both healthy newborns and maternity patients . after the outbreak was recognize...
community - associated methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus ( ca - mrsa ) has rarely been reported in the hospital setting . we report an outbreak of 7 cases of skin and soft tissue infections due to a strain of ca - mrsa . all patients were admitted to the labor and delivery , nursery , or maternity units...
it has been claimed that tertian malaria had been completely eradicated in the latter part of 1970 in korea . but since 1993 , this tertian malaria has reemerged to infect soldiers and civilians living near the armistice line , resulting in 1,724 cases in 1997 . also , imported malaria from an overseas trip has becom...
in plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale malaria , some of the liver stage parasites remain dormant . the activation of these dormant forms ( called hypnozoite ) can give rise to relapse weeks , months or years after the initial infection.to prevent relapses , a course of primaquine may be given as terminal prophylax...
in general , the gastric tube is used for reconstruction after an esophagectomy , and the reconstruction may be performed via the posterior mediastinum , retrosternal , or presternal route . as the posterior mediastinum route is the shortest and most natural , this route is most often chosen . however , in cases of loc...
in gastric tube reconstruction , anastomotic leakage and stricture occasionally occur . additionally , new or recurrent cancer may occur in the esophageal remnant or at the anastomotic site . such complications , after cervical anastomoses , led to our adoption of a procedure to approach the anastomosis by manubriu...
experimental birds : white leghorn chicks ( n=12 , male ) at one day of age were commercially obtained from komatsu shukeijyo ( matsumoto , japan ) and reared in our laboratory given a commercial diet and water ad libitum and under controlled light condition ( 12 hr light : 12 hr darkness ) up to one week of age ...
abstractcolocalization of glucagon - like peptide ( glp)-1 with glp-2 in l - cells was investigated in the chicken ileum by using double immunofluorescent and immunocytochemical techniques . ultrastructural features of l - cells were also clarified in this study . l - cells showing immunoreactivity for both glp...
insulin resistance ( ir ) plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome ( mets ) , which is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes . from the standpoint of primary prevention , it is important to identify the patients at risk of mets , especially at an early...
abstractwe have recently established a healthassociated reference interval of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( homair ) between 0.4 and 2.4 . in the present study , the aim was to establish a decisionbased limit of homair for the discrimination of metabolic syndrome ( mets ) in nondiabetic japa...
composite pheochromocytoma ( pc ) is a rare neoplasm that typically arises in the adrenal medulla as a mixture of pc and other tumors of neural origin , including peripheral neuroblastic tumors , malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors , and neuroendocrine carcinomas ( 1 , 2 ) . the frequency of composite pcs in the a...
composite pheochromocytoma ( cpc ) is extremely rare , arising in the adrenal medulla as a mixture of pc and other tumors of neural origin . we herein report on a case of adrenal incidentaloma post - operatively diagnosed as cpc with ganglioneuroblastoma ( gnbl ) . the pc component had 7 points on the pass , a ki-6...
sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown etiology with systemic inflammation leading to formation of granulomas . macrophages and activated lymphocytes , an immunological hallmark of sarcoidosis , are also involved in the process of thrombin activation and fibrin formation [ 2 , 3 ] . the association between sa...
the association between venous thromboembolism ( vte ) and sarcoidosis has been reported recently , nevertheless the true incidence of co - incident sarcoidosis and vte is unknown . sarcoidosis as a chronic disease of immune dysregulation might be associated with an increased risk of vte . the mechanisms responsibl...
infectious bronchitis ( ib ) , caused by the infectious bronchitis virus ( ibv ) , is a highly contagious viral disease of chickens with a worldwide distribution . it is characterized by respiratory symptoms , nephritis , poor performance and reduced egg reproduction . despite extensive vaccination , ib has been a ...
despite the existence of an active vaccination program , recently emerged strains of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus ( ibv ) in korea have caused significant economic losses in the poultry industry . in this study , we assessed the pathogenic and antigenic characteristics of a k - iib type field strain of ...
renal hyperparathyroidism ( rhpt ) is a serious complication of long - term dialysis treatment . the european dialysis and transplant association ( edta ) report published in 1991 showed that up to 40% of patients undergo surgical treatment for rhpt after 15 years of dialysis . rhpt is a form of renal osteodystroph...
background . renal hyperparathyroidism ( rhpt ) is a serious complication of long - term dialysis treatment . two intervention methods can be administered to treat rhpt , namely percutaneous ethanol injection therapy ( peit ) and a parathyroidectomy ( ptx ) . peit is associated with a significant adverse event , ...
mountainous ecosystems are highly sensitive to any disturbances in natural balance , what makes them especially interesting for observations of chemical and radiochemical contamination . the area of the babia gra national park ( bpn ) , being located along the main ridge of the flysch carpathian mountains , is just t...
the aim of this work was to determine 137cs and 40k radioactivities in soil samples taken from the babia gra national park ( bpn ) in south poland . the cluster analysis ( ca ) and principal component analysis ( pca ) were used to discuss the obtained data . 10 cm thick soil cores were collected from the bpn area ...
the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) infection in india is 0.34%.(1 ) even though the survival of people living with hiv ( plwh ) has improved with the advent of anti - retroviral therapy ( art ) , their life is affected by social factors like stigma / discrimination . hence , quality of life ( qol ) ...
context : with anti - retroviral therapy ( art ) for human immunodeficiency virus infection ( hiv ) coming into picture , quality of life ( qol ) has gained importance . knowledge on the factors affecting qol would be helpful in making important policy decisions and health care interventions.aims:the aim of this stud...
equilibrium gated radionuclide ventriculography ( ernv ) is a non - invasive , reproducible and minimally operator - dependent study . ernv has been used widely for the assessment of wall motion abnormalities and left ventricular ejection fraction ( lvef ) . fourier phase analysis on ernv in addition this loss of s...
aim : to define the range of phase spread on equilibrium gated radionuclide ventriculography ( ernv ) in normal individuals and derive the cut - off limit for the parameters to detect cardiac dyssynchrony.materials and methods : ernv was carried out in 30 individuals ( age 5323 years , 25 males and 5 females ) who had ...
hepatitis b virus is one of the most important factors for infected diseases in the world . it was estimated that 350 million people infected with hepatitis b virus and almost 75% patients are living in asia ( 1 ) . nearly one million people die annually from chronic liver diseases such as , chronic hepatitis b , c...
hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) infection is a public health problem as a cause of liver diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis . it is estimated that 350 million people live with chronic infection and about one million people die every year from complication of this chronic disease in the world . so f...
it is a benign locally aggressive tumor usually involving the distal end of the femur , proximal tibia and distal radius in young adults . the main variables to be considered for planning treatment include the site of involvement and campanacci stage of the tumor . different treatment options are available which in...
introduction : giant cell tumor ( gct ) of bone is locally aggressive benign tumor involving the epiphysis of long bones in young adults . various treatment options include intralesional curettage , extended curettage , wide resection , resection and reconstruction and amputation . the main variables to be considered...
iridodialysis is not an uncommon complication during phacoemulsification procedures or any intraoperative maneuver , since the iris root is the thinnest and weakest portion of the stroma . when the eye is contused or the iris is accidentally engaged during an operation , separation occurs most frequently at this site...
managing large iridodialysis that may occur during phacoemulsification is challenging . i describe how a procedure to reposit a prolapsed iris while the anterior chamber is markedly inflated by a current of infusion fluid may inadvertently lead to large iridodialysis , and discuss how to avoid such a complication . ...
in patients with obstructive colorectal cancer , where conventional colonoscopy can not traverse obstruction , clearance of the proximal colon remains a problem . a 58-year - old woman presented to her physician with rectal bleeding and intermittent diarrhea . conventional colonoscopy revealed a bulky tumor which was...
a 58-year - old woman presented to her physician with rectal bleeding and intermittent diarrhea . optical colonoscopy revealed a bulky tumor which was diagnosed as rectal cancer . she was referred to our institution for further evaluation and treatment . slim optical colonoscopy showed an obstructive cancer in the ...
venous thromboembolic ( vte ) disease encompasses deep venous thrombosis ( dvt ) and pulmonary embolus ( pe ) . it is an important source of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients . with an increasing focus on patient safety and quality of care , vte has become a target measure of quality by multiple qual...
background : due to the high incidence of thromboembolic events ( deep venous thrombosis [ dvt ] and pulmonary embolus [ pe ] ) after injury , many trauma centers perform lower extremity surveillance duplex ultrasounds . we hypothesize that trauma patients are at a higher risk of upper extremity dvts ( uedvts ) than lo...
cancer is a prothrombotic condition that predisposes patients to various thromboses such as lower extremities thromboses and pulmonary embolism [ 1 , 2 ] . obstruction of blood flow from external compression , frequently from lymph node masses , is also common , especially malignancy of the lower abdomen and pelvis w...
transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a malignancy that metastasizes frequently to lymph nodes including the mediastinal lymph nodes . this occurrence may produce symptoms due to compression of adjacent structures such as the superior vena cava syndrome or dysphagia from esophageal compression . we ...
over the past years , the design and synthesis of nanostructured materials with desired size , shape , and morphology have attracted considerable attention for achieving novel morphology - dependent chemical physical properties.[1 - 8 ] particularly , porous nanostructure materials have received significant interest o...
mesoporous zns nis composites are prepared via ion- exchange reactions using zns as the precursor . the prepared mesoporous zns nis composite materials have large surface areas ( 137.9 m2 g1 ) compared with the zns precursor . more importantly , the application of these mesoporous zns nis composites as nonenzy...
patients aged between 10 and 65 years with type 1 diabetes diagnosed for more than 1 year , with reasonable metabolic control assessing carbohydrate intake and self - adjusting insulin , and an hba1c level < 7.5% , using intensive insulin treatment with either an insulin pump or multiple daily injections , and not usin...
objectiveto assess the impact of continuous glucose monitoring on hypoglycemia in people with type 1 diabetes.research design and methodsin this randomized , controlled , multicenter study , 120 children and adults on intensive therapy for type 1 diabetes and a screening level of glycated hemoglobin a1c ( hba1c ) < 7.5...
traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) is a clinical condition which can have substantial and long - lasting effects not only upon brain structure , but also upon motor ability , attention , memory , higher cognition , personality , and affect . due to the wide range of mechanisms whereby brain injury can be inflicted , the ...
functional deficits due to traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) can have significant and enduring consequences upon patients life quality and expectancy . although functional neuroimaging is essential for understanding tbi pathophysiology , an insufficient amount of effort has been dedicated to the task of translating func...
scheme 1 outlines the synthesis of novel thioacetamide ( compounds 4a4z ) and sulfinylacetamide ( compounds 5a5 g ) analogues of ( )-1 . the thioacetamide analogues 4a4z were generated via three different synthetic routes . the first route ( procedure a ) affords the thioacetamides in one step and was emp...
2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide ( modafinil , ( )-1 ) is a unique dopamine uptake inhibitor that binds the dopamine transporter ( dat ) differently than cocaine and may have potential for the treatment of psychostimulant abuse . to further investigate structural requirements for this divergent binding m...
reversible left ventricular ( lv ) dysfunction and takotsubo 's cardiomyopathy has been described in endocrine conditions such as addison 's disease , isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency , primary adrenal insufficiency in adrenal crisis , pheochromocytoma , thyrotoxicosis , and multiple endocrine neoplasia ...
we describe a case of takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a case of pituitary macroadenoma in acute adrenal crisis . a 48-year - old man presented with acute onset altered sensorium , vomiting , and gasping . on admission , he was unresponsive and hemodynamically unstable . he was intubated and ventilated and resuscitated ...
munchausen syndrome is characterized by feigning physical symptoms to seek attention ; it was first reported by asher in 1951 . we report a case of cutaneous munchausen syndrome in a patient who self - inflicted trauma to a postoperative wound . a 50-year - old japanese woman consulted the emergency department of o...
a 50-year - old japanese woman consulted the emergency department of our hospital for bleeding due to an intractable postoperative wound on the lower abdomen ; the postoperative wound was owing to a laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed 1 year previously for acute cholecystitis . she presented with a painful ulcer o...
gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( gists ) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the alimentary tract . it represents approximately 1% to 2% of all the alimentary malignancies . based on their phenotypic similarities , gists are considered to arise from muscularis propria of gastrointestinal tract , and deriv...
abstractclinicopathologic features and clinical outcomes of gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( gists ) in esophagus are limited , because of the relatively rare incidence of esophageal gists . therefore , the aim of the current study was to investigate the clinicopathologic features and clinical outcomes of esophageal g...
the recurrent laryngeal nerve ( rln ) injury is one of the most important complications during thyroid surgery , leading to dysfunction , and palsy of the vocal cords . for years , surgeons have attempted to prevent this complication by improving surgical techniques and optimizing surgical strategies . the identifica...
background : intraoperative neuromonitoring ( ionm ) of the recurrent laryngeal nerve ( rln ) has been widely applied during thyroid surgery . however , the safe range of stimulation intensity for ionm remains undetermined.methods:total thyroidectomies were performed on twenty dogs , and their rlns were stimulated wi...
conventional venoplasty of post - liver transplant inferior vena cava ( ivc ) stenoses is limited by a high primary treatment failure rate and problematic durability . while ivc stenting may deliver a successful outcome after failed angioplasty , this approach , however , is not always suitable . hepatic vein ostia...
obstruction of the inferior vena cava ( ivc ) is a rare complication of liver transplantation with significant consequences including intractable ascites and hepatic dysfunction . although venoplasty and stenting are effective in many cases , patients who fail first - line treatment may require surgical intervention ...
cough , sputum , and shortness of breath are cardinal features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) . the natural history of copd is characterized by a progressive reduction in exercise tolerance and health - related quality of life ( hrqol).1,2 the rate of decline in lung function , which is a strong pred...
introductionchronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) patients with mucus hypersecretion tend to demonstrate increased frequency of infective exacerbations and a steeper slope of decline in lung function . enhanced mucociliary clearance with high - frequency chest wall oscillation ( hfcwo ) devices previously us...
codam participants were selected from a large cohort in the general population , as described in detail elsewhere ( 1820 ) . briefly , subjects were selected if they were of caucasian ethnicity , aged > 40 years , and had at least one of the following inclusion criteria : positive family history of t2 dm ( first - de...
objectiveadipocyte insulin resistance ( ir ) is a key feature early in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) , and although scarce , data in the literature suggest a direct role for iron and iron metabolism related factors in adipose tissue function and metabolism . serum ferritin and transferrin we...
structural studies were carried out using an engineered hkor construct ( see methods and supplementary fig . 1 ) and crystallized in cholesterol - doped monoolein lipidic cubic mesophase ( see methods ) . the construct used displayed pharmacological behavior similar to that of a native receptor expressed in hek 293-t...
opioid receptors ( ors ) mediate the actions of endogenous and exogenous opioids for many essential physiological processes including regulation of pain , respiratory drive , mood , and , in the case of -opioid receptors ( kor ) , dysphoria and psychotomimesis . here we report the crystal structure of the human kor (...
procyanidins are the second most abundant natural phenolic after lignin , and they are widely distributed in fruits , berries , beans , nuts , cocoa , and wine . they participate in glucose homeostasis and modulate insulin synthesis , secretion , and degradation . moreover , changes in -cell insulin production ma...
in a previous study , the administration of a grape seed procyanidin extract ( gspe ) in female wistar rats improved insulin resistance , reduced insulin production , and modulated apoptosis biomarkers in the pancreas . considering that pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters in females are different from these ...
primary nasopharyngeal adenocarcinomas ( npacs ) are extremely rare malignant tumors accounting for 0.38% to 0.48% of all malignant nasopharyngeal neoplasms and 0.70% of all nasopharyngeal carcinomas . these properties mean that the treatment of choice for these tumours is total surgical resection of the primary tumo...
we reported two patients with nasopharyngeal adenocarcinoma resected by using the exclusively endoscopic approach . case reports and a review of the world literature concerning nasopharyngeal adenocarcinoma . the tumors were resected successfully via the exclusively endoscopic approach and no conversions to the con...
it has long been accepted that bipolar disorder has its peak onset in late adolescence to young adulthood . however , biederman and colleagues ( wozniak et al . , 1995 ) proposed that most cases of bipolar disorder have a preschool age onset and that irritability , not elevated mood , is the core feature . affectiv...
objectivepediatric bipolar disorder ( pbd ) reflects shifts in conceptualizing bipolar disorder among children and adolescents since the mid-1990s . since then , pbd diagnoses , predominantly in the united states , have increased dramatically , and the diagnosis has attracted significant controversy . during the same...
both prospective and retrospective studies have shown that hemiplegic stroke patients are at a high risk of fall throughout their post - stroke lifespan1 . although previous studies have reported varying fall rates among hemiplegic stroke patients , there is a general consensus regarding the higher fall rate in ...
[ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the falls efficacy scale using rasch analysis in patients with hemiplegic stroke . [ subjects ] fifty - five community - dwelling hemiplegic stroke patients were selected as participants . [ methods ] data were analyzed usin...
although the vocalizations of most animal species constitute their innate behavior , some animal groups , such as mammals ( humans , cetaceans , bats , elephants , and pinnipeds ) and birds ( oscine songbirds , parrots , and hummingbirds ) develop a complex vocal pattern through vocal learning [ 23 , 24 ] . the s...
like humans , songbirds are one of the few animal groups that learn vocalization . vocal learning requires coordination of auditory input and vocal output using auditory feedback to guide one s own vocalizations during a specific developmental stage known as the critical period . songbirds are good animal mod...