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splenectomy is the preferred treatment for many hematologic diseases and is a necessary skill for any surgeon . in the early 1990s
laparoscopic splenectomy ( ls ) took shape as a viable alternative to open surgery ( os ) and quickly became the standard of care for many splenic disorders .
previously published data ... | background and objectives : laparoscopic splenectomy ( ls ) has been shown to offer superior outcomes when compared to open splenectomy ( os ) . despite the potential advantages associated with the minimally invasive technique
, laparoscopy appears to be underused .
we sought to evaluate the nationwide trends in ls... |
the prevalence of overweight among danish children aged 68 years was 15% and 21% among boys and girls , respectively .
ideally , the prevention of childhood overweight and obesity should begin as early as possible , which may even be before birth .
changes to the intrauterine environment , caused by stress or malnu... | background . maternal distress during pregnancy increases the intrauterine level of glucocorticoids , which may have long - term health consequences for the child .
objective . to examine
if distress as a combined measure of anxiety , depression , and stress of the mother during pregnancy was associated with offspr... |
one of the central challenges to biology is understanding biological information flow such as how genotypes manifest into functional phenotypes .
historically , biological experiments have been difficult to conduct leading to a scarcity of data . however , technological improvements in experimental high - throughput ... | metabolic engineering modifies cellular function to address various biochemical applications .
underlying metabolic engineering efforts are a host of tools and knowledge that are integrated to enable successful outcomes .
concurrent development of computational and experimental tools has enabled different approache... |
reducing post - operative pain is an important issue in perioperative patient care.the release of proteolytic and inflammatory mediators after surgical manipulation may cause powerful nociceptive impulses that trigger pain ( 1 ) .
the primary phenomenon in inflammatory pain conduction is the stimulation of the spinal... | background : recently , the use of ketamine as a systemic and local analgesic drug in reducing post - operative pain is studied more frequently.objectives:the aim of the present study was to assess the analgesic efficacy of iv ketamine injection inaddition to nephrostomy tract infiltration of ketamine - bupivacaine on ... |
myosins are a large and diverse family of molecular motors important for cell migration and motility .
the human genome encodes 39 myosin genes , subdivided into 12 different classes ( berg et al . , 2001 , peckham and knight , 2009 ) .
the remaining three encode the non - muscle ( nm ) myosin isoforms 2a , 2b , a... | summarywe investigated the myosin expression profile in prostate cancer cell lines and found that myo1b , myo9b , myo10 , and myo18a were expressed at higher levels in cells with high metastatic potential .
moreover , myo1b and myo10 were expressed at higher levels in metastatic tumors . using an sirna - based approa... |
since 2009 the international judo federation ( ijf ) established a world ranking list based on different competitions levels . before the last olympic games the athletes received a specific number of points according to their performance in the following competition : continental open , 100 points ; grand prix , 300 po... | the main purpose of the present study was to calculate the probability based on a bayesian approach to win a medal in the olympic games given the athlete is seeded and to verify if the number one ranked athlete has any advantage compared to other seeded athletes concerning his / her chances to be olympic champion . f... |
unicystic ameloblastoma ( uca ) was first described by robinson and martinez , to delineate its less aggressive course compared to solid ameloblastoma . with the exception of age of onset and biologic outcome ,
the purpose of this report is to present a case of uca showing a pericoronal radiolucency in the primary le... | unicystic ameloblastoma ( uca ) is a clinical subtype of ameloblastoma that is considered prognostically different .
the purpose of this report is to present a case of uca showing dual radiographic pattern in a child .
a detailed study of the lesion was carried out in an 8 year old female child who presented to our... |
nurse turnover is a costly problem that will continue as healthcare faces the impending nursing shortage ; a new generation of nurses enters the workforce , and incentives provided to nurses to work for institutions increase .
a variety of factors influence the retention of nurses in adult care settings , including w... | background .
workplace turnover is destructive to nursing and patient outcomes as it leads to losing competent and qualified nurses .
however , developments of coping strategies demand a clear understanding of workplace variables that either motivate nurses to remain employed or lead them to leave their current job... |
development into adulthood has , at its origins , strands of dna inherited from two parents combined with endogenous or external environmental influences .
yet it is well known now that siblings or twins adopted away at birth share very similar physical , personality and mental traits with their close biological rela... | the search for a genetic basis for schizophrenia has taken a new turn recently with the publication of three reports of various rare copy - number variations that are associated with schizophrenia .
while some of the findings may simply disappear as spurious reports , others remain interesting : that is , deletions i... |
formylglycine generating enzyme ( fge ) performs a critical posttranslational modification of type i sulfatases , converting cysteine within the motif cxpxr to the aldehyde - bearing residue formylglycine ( fgly ) .
this concise motif can be installed within heterologous proteins as a genetically encoded
aldehyde t... | |
at the most basic level , the brain may be viewed as a vast network of nerve cells ( neurons ) with specialized projections ( dendrites and axons ) connected to each other at junctions known as synapses , through which signals are passed from one neuron to the next . as early as the 19 century , well before the exact n... | the notion that synaptic remodeling underlies certain forms of learning is one of the main tenets of hebb 's inspiring theories dating from the 1940s . until recently
, however , direct evidence for tight relationships between synaptic remodeling and behavior has been scarce .
fascinating data from recent studies o... |
preeclampsia , a unique human pregnancy disorder , is characterized by the development of new hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation in patients free from any clinical disease .
but it is not only hypertension and proteinuria ; preeclampsia is a multiorgan disease in which the target organs are the ... | backgroundthe aim of this study was to determine the maternal serum concentrations of enos , adma , and homocysteine in preeclamptic pregnancies.material/methodsthe study was carried out on 62 patients with pregnancy complicated by early onset and 53 patients with late onset preeclampsia .
the control group consisted... |
glomus tumor is a rare benign tumor arising from neuroarterial plexus concentrated beneath the nailbed usually in women of age group 20 - 40 yrs .
the plexus is an arteriovenous anastomosis functioning without intermediary capillary bed , we report a case of glomus tumor affecting the nailbed of left little finger wi... | introduction : glomus tumor is a rare benign tumor arising from neuroarterial plexus concentrated beneath the nailbed usually in women of age group 20 - 40 yrs . the plexus is an arteriovenous anastomosis functioning without intermediary capillary bed , we report a case of glomus tumor affecting the nailbed of left lit... |
the importance of postoperative complications as a significant contributor to the increasing cost of health care in the united states is difficult to understate given that complications are the strongest indicator of full in - hospital costs per patient .
preventing postoperative complications will not only improve q... | study design : retrospective cohort study.objective:the objective of the study was to determine rates of medical and surgical postoperative complications following anterior lumbar interbody fusion ( alif ) along with their associated predictors.methods:using the american college of surgeons national surgical quality im... |
the diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma ( dsv - ptc ) , first described by vickery et al . in 1985 , is a histological variant of ptc .
it is characterized by diffuse involvement of one or both thyroid lobules with prominent squamous metaplasia , numerous psammoma bodies , and dense sclerosis in... | the diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma ( dsv - ptc ) is a relatively rare tumor .
we herein report the case of young woman with dsv - ptc who developed cervical lymph node recurrence 7 years after the initial surgery . a 15-year - old female patient with no medical or family history of thyroid ... |
brainstem vascular malformations can be classified as arteriovenous malformations , venous malformations , cavernous malformations , or capillary telangiectasias . on pathological examination ,
capillary telangiectasias are a distinct type of vascular malformation , characterized by multiple thin - walled vascular ch... | a case of presumed pontine capillary telangiectasia in an 18-year - old woman with a clinical diagnosis of basilar - type migraine is reported .
since both are very rare diagnoses , this case provides some evidence to suggest that pontine capillary telangiectasia might cause a clinical picture resembling basilar - ty... |
renal cell carcinoma ( rcc ) can metastasize to any location in the body , and distant metastases are common , being present in 30% to 40% of patients with metastatic disease .
the most common sites affected are the lungs ( 76% ) , regional lymph nodes ( ln ) ( 66% ) , bone ( 42% ) , and liver ( 41% ) .
however , o... | although metastasis is relatively frequent in cases of renal cell carcinoma ( rcc ) , metastasis in the cervical or supraclavicular lymph node ( ln ) is relatively rare .
moreover , cases of metastatic rcc with a non - identifiable kidney mass are extremely rare . here
, the authors report a case of metastatic rcc ... |
in the last 30 years , there have been pronounced increases in the use of antidepressants,13 which are now the third most commonly prescribed medication class in the usa.4 although newer antidepressants ( beginning with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ) are effective and generally well - tolerated for trea... | objectivewe validated an algorithm designed to identify new or prevalent users of antidepressant medications via population - based drug prescription records.patients and methodswe obtained population - based drug prescription records for the entire olmsted county , minnesota , population from 2011 to 2012 ( n=149 629... |
infantile tremor syndrome ( its ) is a clinical syndrome of acute or gradual onset of mental and psychomotor changes , pigmentary disturbances of hair and skin , pallor , and coarse tremors in malnourished children aged between 5 months and 3 years .
it has been primarily reported from india and south east asia and h... | infantile tremor syndrome ( its ) is a clinical disorder characterized by coarse tremors , anemia and regression of motor and mental milestones , presenting in malnourished children aged between 5 months and 3 years .
few reports of neuroimaging abnormalities in children with its are present .
the most common findi... |
systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) is a chronic multisystem autoimmune disease and is considered to be caused by complex interactions between genetic risk , environmental , and hormonal factors that result in an immune dysregulation , and autoantibody production ensued [ 13 ] .
epidemiological studies reported that... | several variants of ctla-4 have been reported to be associated with susceptibility systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) ; however , findings have been inconsistent across different populations . using a case - control study design ,
we have investigated the role of ctla-4 polymorphism at positions 1661 and 1722 on sl... |
the genus campylobacter contains fifteen species , of which campylobacter jejuni is the most commonly clinically isolated , in association with invasive diarrheal colitis .
fetus ( c. fetus ) is an opportunistic organism that causes nonintestinal infections with vascular tropism .
it has been implicated in various ... | bacteremia due to campylobacter spp .
is rarely reported , and campylobacter fetus is the species most commonly exhibiting vascular tropism , as occurred in this case report describing the diagnosis of c. fetus bacteremia in an infant presenting with respiratory tract infection . a 5-month - old baby , with undiagnos... |
adoptive immunotherapy , particularly adoptive transfer of antigen - specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes , has shown some success in clinical trials for treating both cancer and viral infections [ 15 ] . however , due to resident tolerance within the tumor environment the most robust ctl must be stimulated for highest e... | the adoptive transfer of antigen - specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes ( ctl ) shows promise in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases .
we utilize adeno - associated virus-(aav- ) based antigen gene - loaded dendritic cells ( dcs ) to stimulate such antigen - specific ctl .
yet further improvements in ctl st... |
dermatophytosis is a group of skin fungal infections caused by dermatophytes ( or ring worms ) , which invade and attack keratinized tissues .
typical symptoms of these infections include inflammation or redness of the infected part , brittleness and fissures of the nails , and loss of hair from the affected parts . ... | background :
coula edulis bail ( olacaceae ) , is an evergreen tree growing to a height of 25 .
this study aimed at evaluating the antidermatophytic and toxicological properties of the stem bark of c. edulis extract as well as fractions and compounds isolated from it .
methods : the plant extract was prepared by ... |
swabs were taken from the anterior nares of dogs , horses , and staff ; nasal surface of cats ; perineum of dogs , cats , and horses ; and the neck skin surface of horses .
swab specimens were directly inoculated onto mannitol salt agar ( labm , bury , uk ) with aztreonam ( 2 mg / l ) and oxacillin resistance
scree... | we determined the molecular characteristics of methicillin - resistant staphylococci from animals and staff at a small animal and equine hospital .
methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus ( mrsa ) identical to human emrsa-15 was found in dogs and hospital staff .
in contrast , 5 distinct mrsa strains were iso... |
the concept of stability in vitiligo is multifaceted , and no consensus has yet been reached on defining the criteria for this so far .
it includes not only clinical aspects of stability but also many recently identified biochemical and ultrastructural correlates of the same .
the exact definition of stability in v... | stability is a hard - to - define concept in the setting of vitiligo , but is nonetheless extremely crucial to the planning of treatment regimens and also in prognosticating for the patient .
there are several ways to judge stability in vitiligo , which include clinical features and , recently , many biochemical , cy... |
dpp - iii ( ec 3.4.14.4 ) of the goat brain is a dipeptidylaminopeptidase which removes n - terminal dipeptide from arg - arg-4mna at ph 8.5 .
the enzyme was recently purified and characterized and found to be affected by thiol compounds and metal ions .
it hydrolysed leu - enkephalin and other bioactive peptides... | dipeptidylpeptidase - iii
( dpp - iii ) from goat brain was purified and
characterized using
arginyl - arginyl-4-methoxy--naphthylamide
( arg - arg-4mna ) substrate .
this enzyme retained
its activity in native 10% pol... |
one of the major questions in the nkt cell field is the identity of the glycolipid ligands responsible for the positive selection of nkt cells .
cd1d molecules most likely bind their ligands as they recirculate through the endosomal / lysosomal pathway of the dp cells before returning to the cell membrane to present ... | natural killer t cells ( nkt cells ) are selected in the thymus by self - glycolipid antigens presented by cd1d molecules .
it is currently thought that one specific component of the lysosomal processing pathway , which leads to the production of isoglobotrihexosylceramide ( igb3 ) , is essential for normal nkt cell ... |
hcv infection is among life threatening public health problems worldwide , with over 170200 million infected people including about 17 million from pakistan .
it has been estimated to cause approximately 27% of cirrhosis and 25% of hepatocellular carcinoma cases worldwide .
hcv is a small enveloped , positive sen... | determination of an individual 's hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) genotypes prior to antiviral therapy has become increasingly important for the clinical management and prognosis of hcv infection .
therefore , this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of hcv genotypes in hcv infected patients of district bannu... |
smoking tobacco not only predisposes to the development of disease , it increases disease severity and treatment failure rates . for these reasons ,
smoking cessation particularly benefits those patients who have smoking - related cancers such as head and neck or lung cancer and those who are diagnosed with curable d... | background .
tobacco smoking cessation interventions in the oncology population are an important part of comprehensive treatment plan . objectives . to evaluate through a systematic review smoking cessation interventions and cessation rates in cancer patients .
search strategy .
the literature was searched using ... |
most scientists view estradiol as women 's sole bone - active gonadal steroid . in reality
estrogen plays positive roles in bone biology and osteoporosis prevention and treatment primarily through decreasing bone resorption [ 35 ] .
there is also compelling evidence that powerful bone - destructive cytokines such a... | estradiol ( e2 ) and progesterone ( p4 ) collaborate within bone remodelling on resorption ( e2 ) and formation ( p4 ) .
we integrate evidence that p4 may prevent and , with antiresorptives , treat women 's osteoporosis .
p4 stimulates osteoblast differentiation in vitro .
menarche ( e2 ) and onset of ovulation (... |
over last three decades , the role of hematopoietic stem cell transplant ( hsct ) in chronic myeloid leukemia ( cml ) has seen several phases and continues to be defined . in 1980 's ,
hsct came as a revolutionary concept that offered cure from cml . in 1990 's ,
transplant methodologies were refined , which result... | indications for hematopoietic stem cell transplant ( hsct ) in chronic myeloid leukemia ( cml ) have changed over time .
this change has largely been influenced by the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors , increased understanding of the mechanisms underlying disease phase progression as well as drug resistance , ref... |
chorioangiomas are the most common benign tumors of the placenta originating from primitive angioblastic tissues .
the newborn are rare and usually associated with tumors greater than 5 cm in diameter and consist of polyhydramnios , fetal anemia , massive edema with pleural effusion , ascites and intrauterine growth ... | backgroundchorioangiomas are the most common benign tumors of the placenta originating from primitive angioblastic tissues .
it comprises near 1 percent of placental tumors . clinical manifestations in
the newborn are rare and usually associated with tumors greater than 5 cm in diameter and consist of polyhydramnio... |
a 46-year - old female presented with vague gastrointestinal symptoms , chronic right upper quadrant abdominal pain and intolerance to fatty food and diarrhea for the last two years .
she was given the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome and had been followed by her internist .
she had undergone an abdominal hyst... | carcinoid tumors of the midgut arise from the distal duodenum , jejunum , ileum , appendix , ascending and right transverse colon .
the appendix and terminal ileum are the most common location .
the majority of carcinoid tumors originate from neuroendocrine cells along the gastrointestinal tract , but they are also... |
in this article , we take a historical perspective to describe how individual diseases caused by cmv were first recognised .
we focus on congenital cmv , infections in solid organ transplants , bone marrow transplants and advanced hiv using data from developed countries , because other articles in this issue will con... | abstractcytomegalovirus ( cmv ) is well - known for the end organ diseases ( eods ) it causes following viraemic dissemination in immunocompromised hosts .
these are termed the direct effects of cmv , where a diagnosis can be made in an individual patient .
in addition , cmv is associated with indirect effects wher... |
interest in the redox properties of natural products has stimulated many studies focusing on natural products that prevent the destructive effects caused by reactive oxygen species ( ros ) on many biomolecules ( 1 ) .
ros are also involved in controlling the pathogenesis of many degenerative diseases ( 2,3 ) and may ... | interest in the redox properties of natural products has led to the development of various assays for the detection of antioxidant activities and ros - scavenging properties . here , additional modifications of the 2-deoxy - d - ribose degradation assay are introduced that specifically allow the determination of intera... |
arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/ dysplasia ( arvc / d ) is a myocardial disease in which myocardium of the right ventricular free wall is partially or almost entirely replaced by fatty or fibro - fatty tissue ( 13 ) .
the anterior right ventricular outflow tract , the apex , and the inferior - posteri... | arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy ( arvc ) is a heart muscle disease in which the pathological substrate is a fibro - fatty replacement of the right ventricular myocardium .
the major clinical features are different types of arrhythmias with a left branch block pattern .
arvc shows autosomal dominant ... |
double free - flaps are technically challenging due to the complex nature of the defect , harvest of two flaps and use of two pairs of recipient 's vessels . in such limb defects more
further the risk of distal limb ischaemia is imminent when collateral circulation is not adequate .
double fasciocutanous flaps eith... | double free - flaps are necessary when tissue cover can not be sufficed with a single flap . the other factors to be considered when using two free flaps for resurfacing of distal limb defects are the availability of more than one recipient vessel , the risk of distal limb ischaemia and the donor site morbidity of doub... |
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is characterized by persistent and progressive airflow limitation resulting from abnormal inflammatory response of the airways and lungs to noxious particles inhalation.1 apart from inducing lung damage , copd is recognized as a multisystemic inflammatory disease associate... | introductionchronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is recognized as a multisystemic inflammatory disease associated with extrapulmonary comorbidities , including respiratory muscle weakness and cardiovascular and cardiac autonomic regulation disorders .
we investigated whether alterations in respiratory muscl... |
a retrospective case review was performed to identify patients who developed tao in temporal association with periocular surgery .
patients were examined for proptosis , lid retraction and lid lag , extraocular motility abnormalities , and periocular swelling .
radiological investigations ( mri or ct ) were used to... | purposeto descirbe a series of patients in which thyroid associated orbitopathy ( tao ) occurred after periocular surgery.methodsa retrospective case review of patients who developed tao in close temporal association with periocular surgical interventions and presented at the orbital clinic from 1997 to 2004 .
histor... |
blood samples and tumour tissues were obtained from 117 operated lung cancer patients admitted to oslo university hospitalrikshospitalet in the period 20062011 . the collected tumor samples consisted of 93 adenocarcinomas , 2 large cell carcinomas and 22 squamous cell carcinomas .
one patient was diagnosed with metas... | lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death , and the past years improved insight into underlying molecular events has significantly improved outcome for specific subsets of patients . in particular , several new therapies that target protein kinases have been implemented , and many more are becoming avail... |
natural variability in climate is a function of : ( i ) the relative position of the sun ( and its activity such as sunspots , radiation , magnetism , eruption ) and the earth ; ( ii ) the milankovitch cycles ( 1 ) ; and ( iii ) the interactions between the components of the climate system , i.e. the atmosphere , the h... | backgroundclimate and environment vary across many spatio - temporal scales , including the concept of climate change , which impact on ecosystems , vector - borne diseases and public health worldwide.objectivesto develop a conceptual approach by mapping climatic and environmental conditions from space and studying the... |
patellar dislocation and patellofemoral instability may occur in a young population with varying activity levels .
the overall recurrence rate of patellar dislocation after an initial event is close to 40 % .
in fact , patients who have a primary patellar dislocation have a 17 % recurrence rate , and patients who... | patellofemoral instability may occur in a young population as a result of injury during sporting activities .
this review focuses on return to sport after one episode of dislocation treated no operatively and as well after surgery for chronic patellofemoral instability . with or without surgery ,
only two - thirds ... |
the prospective , parallel - design , randomized cluster trial was conducted in three highly populated office buildings for employees in a midwestern mutual health insurance company ( medical mutual of ohio , cleveland ) over a more than 13-month period from february 2014 through march 2015 .
the chesapeake research ... | objective : the aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of a multimodal hand hygiene intervention program in reducing health care insurance claims for hygiene preventable infections ( eg , cold and influenza ) , absenteeism , and subjective impact on employees.methods:a 13.5-month prospective , randomized clust... |
almost all newborn infants develop some degree of hyperbilirubinemia as a normal transition in physiology .
high levels of unbound unconjugated bilirubin can cross the blood brain barrier and cause neurological symptoms .
the association between hyperbilirubinemia and encephalopathy was first described in 1847 by h... | background . severe
hyperbilirubinaemia requiring exchange transfusion has become less common in recent years ; however , kernicterus still occurs .
the aim of this study was to review babies undergoing exchange transfusion for severe hyperbilirubinaemia in a johannesburg hospital . methodology .
this was a retro... |
recent studies have shown that the classic circulation model of cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) is incomplete.1 production of csf is not only dependent on choroid plexus but also on water flux in the pericapillary ( virchow robin ) space.2 , 3 historically , csf flow through the pericapillary space is known as interstitial... | abstractthe phenomenon known as neural flow coupling ( nfc ) occurs at the capillary level where there are no known pressure controlling structures .
recent developments in advanced magnetic resonance imaging technologies have made possible in vivo direct investigations of water physiology that have shed new insight ... |
it is the leading cause of acquired disability in adults and has a tremendous socioeconomic impact on patients , their relatives and health systems . in switzerland
, the incidence of stroke has been estimated to be 150/100,000 ( year 2000 ) . in 2004 ,
the overall stroke event rate was 296.3/100,000 ( 287.7/100,00... | stroke represents the leading cause of acquired disability in adults and poses a tremendous socioeconomic burden both on patients and the society . in this sense ,
prompt diagnosis and urgent treatment are needed in order to radically reduce the devastating consequences of this disease .
herein the authors present ... |
cell - to - cell adhesion in epithelial cell sheets is maintained mainly through two types of junctions : adherens junction and tight junction .
a number of studies have focused their attention on the transmembrane protein of the adherens junction.1,2 only in recent years has the importance of tight junction proteins... | tight junctions , or zonula occludens , are the most apical component of the junctional complex and provide one form of cell cell adhesion in epithelial and endothelial cells .
nearly 90% of malignant tumors are derived from the epithelium .
loss of cell cell adhesion is one of the steps in the progression of can... |
statins are a very widely used class of medication and controlled studies have demonstrated clear benefits with respect to cardiac disorders and also stroke and cognitive function . because of this there are moves toward their use in primary prevention of atherosclerosis ( 1 ) .
the literature includes numerous repor... | this paper presents a case of reversible dysphasia occurring in a patient prescribed atorvastatin in combination with indapamide .
a milder dysphasia recurred with the prescription of rosuvastatin and was documented on clinical examination .
this resolved following cessation of rosuvastatin .
the case highlights ... |
mobility limitations are defined by impairment or dependence in movement and affect between one third and one half of adults aged 65 or older .
lack of physical activity in older individuals can lead to loss of muscle mass ( sarcopenia ) , loss of bone density ( osteoporosis ) , and an increase in fat mass ( obesity ... | mobility restrictions in older adults are common and increase the likelihood of negative health outcomes and premature mortality .
the effect of built environment on mobility in older populations , among whom environmental effects may be strongest , is the focus of a growing body of the literature .
we reviewed rec... |
coronary artery fistula ( caf ) is an abnormality in the termination of coronary artery and it was first described in 1865 by krause ( 1 ) .
it is a communication between one or more coronary arteries and a cardiac chamber or great vessel resulting in a left to right shunt .
caf is rare with an estimated prevalence... | coronary artery fistula ( caf ) is a rare anomaly of the coronary artery .
patients with this condition are usually asymptomatic
. however , cardiac failure may occur later in life due to progressive enlargement of the fistula .
diagnosis is traditionally made by echocardiogram and conventional angiogram .
howe... |
all subjects gave written informed consent , and the study was approved by the local ethics committee .
monocytes were separated using superparamagnetic polystyrene beads coated with a primary monoclonal antibody specific for the cd14 membrane antigen expressed on human monocytes ( invitrogen , groningen , germany ) ... | objectivetransient receptor potential ( trp ) channel induced cation influx activates human monocytes , which play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis . in the present study ,
we investigated the effects of high glucose induced oxidative stress on trp channel expression in human monocytes.resea... |
mucocutaneous leishmaniasis often occurs in new world mostly due to leishmania(l ) braziliensis and less commonly l. panamensis and l. amazonensis(1 ) .
there are also several reports of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in old world ( 24 ) . recently a case of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis due to l. major has been reported ... | herein , a 28-year - old man with hoarseness , skin and oral lesions is presented . at the time of admission , the patient had an erythematous plaque on his chin near his lower lip and an erythematous - violaceous plaque on his palate near the opening of the pharynx and 20 kg weight lost in last one year .
the biopsy... |
male sprague - dawley rats ( charles river , wilmington , ma ) weighing 275350 g were individually housed in the yale animal resource center in temperature - controlled ( 2223c ) and humidity - controlled rooms .
the animals were fed rat chow ( agway prolab 3000 , syracuse , ny ) , given water ad libitum , and acclim... | objectivenorepinephrine is locally released into the ventromedial hypothalamus ( vmh ) , a key brain glucose - sensing region in the response to hypoglycemia . as a result ,
this neurotransmitter may play a role in modulating counterregulatory responses .
this study examines whether norepinephrine acts to promote g... |
a 47-year - old postmenopausal woman presented with slowly increasing abdominal girth with a palpable abdominal mass and vaginal bleeding . at the age of 15
, she underwent abdominal surgery due to intussusception of the small bowel of unknown cause . during the preoperative evaluation
, colonoscopy identified eigh... | we describe an ovarian mucinous neoplasm that histologically resembles lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia ( legh ) containing pyloric gland type mucin in a patient with peutz - jeghers syndrome ( pjs ) . although ovarian mucinous tumors rarely occur in pjs patients , their pyloric gland phenotype has not been c... |
facial tissue loss or defects can be acquired , congenital , tumoral lesions or accidental . facial deformity can cause functional and serious psychological problems that can affect an individual 's social behavour.1,2 the field of maxillofacial prosthetics is concerned with the prosthetic reconstruction of missing / d... | maxillofacial prosthodontics is an art and science which provides life like appearance to the person with facial deformity .
maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation for acquired defects has become more complex and sophisticated with advancement in techniques and materials .
this case report describes the clinical a... |
staphylococcus aureus is a well - adapted human / zoonotic colonizer which can also cause a wide range of diseases and its treatment is becoming more difficult because of increasing rates of drug resistance both in hospital and community settings .
community - acquired methicillin - resistant s. aureus ( ca - mrsa ) ... | background and objectivecommunity - acquired methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus ( ca - mrsa ) is increasingly reported worldwide .
we aimed to determine the frequency of invasive ca - mrsa in children admitted to the pediatric wards of imam reza and ghaem hospitals of mashhad , iran.materials and methodsin... |
for some , brachytherapy ( bt ) is something on the brink of extinction and their arguments are not scarce .
brachytherapy might not sound too appealing for the average radiation oncologist because it implies transition from behind the screen to the or .
blood appears as a real scenario and most of them chose from ... | in a field dominated by external beam radiation therapy ( ebrt ) , both the therapeutic and technical possibilities of brachytherapy ( bt ) are underrated , shadowed by protons and intensity modulated radiotherapy . decreasing expertise and indications , as well as increasing lack of specific bt training for radiation ... |
epidural ( cse ) technique is a very commonly used method for central neuraxial blockade .
it combines the advantages of spinal as well as epidural blocks and avoids their disadvantages .
several cse techniques are described , but needle - through - needle is the most widely reported technique in the literature and... | needle - through - needle combined spinal epidural ( cse ) may cause significant delay in patient positioning resulting in settling down of spinal anaesthetic and unacceptably low block level .
bilateral hip flexion has been shown to extend the spinal block by flattening lumbar lordosis .
however , patients with l... |
a statistically significant increase ( 19762009 ) has been reported in the age - standardized incidence rate ( asir ) for distant stage breast cancer diagnosed in women at age 2539 years in the population covered by population - based cancer registries of the national cancer institute 's surveillance , epidemiology , a... | background .
unexplained increases have been reported in incidence rates for breast cancer diagnosed at distant stage in younger u.s .
women , using data from the surveillance , epidemiology and end results ( seer ) program . methods .
this report focused on recent seer trends ( 20002011 ) in age - standardized i... |
lymphedema , an incurable health condition , occurs when an impairment of the lymphatic system results in a lymphatic load that is greater than lymphatic transport capacity .
the consequence is accumulation of protein - rich fluid in the interstitial space [ 1 , 2 ] . over time
, this high concentration of protein ... | this paper describes design and development of a self - management program , delivered by telerehabilitation ( tr ) , to address the problem of chronic lower limb swelling in persons with limited mobility .
the 18.6 million persons with limited mobility in the usa are at increased risk for chronic lower limb swelling... |
high - throughput genomics technology has made possible the era of precision medicine , an approach to healthcare that involves integrating a patient 's genetic , lifestyle , and environmental data and then comparing these data to similar data collected for thousands of other individuals to predict illness and determin... | advances in genomic medicine have the potential to change the way we treat human disease , but translating these advances into reality for improving healthcare outcomes depends essentially on our ability to discover disease- and/or drug - associated clinically actionable genetic mutations .
integration and manipulati... |
nutritional support is essential for patients undergoing major surgery , and nutritional therapies such as total parenteral nutrition or enteral nutrition are integral to the management of these patients .
however , surgery causes a state of insulin resistance , and changes in glucose metabolism occur after surgery ,... | we measured the energy expenditure weekly in patients undergoing a pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy for bile duct cancer or pancreatic tumors .
twelve patients ( 5 women and 7 men ; mean age 70.1 years ) were enrolled in this study , and their resting energy expenditure levels were determined by indirect calo... |
globally , preterm birth ( defined as birth at < 37 weeks of gestation ) affects around 11% of deliveries ( blencowe et al . , 2013 ) and it is closely associated with cerebral palsy , cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric disease in later life ( kerr - wilson et al . , 2012 ; moore et al . , 2012 ) .
individual... | preterm birth is associated with altered connectivity of neural circuits .
we developed a tract segmentation method that provides measures of tract shape and integrity ( probabilistic neighborhood tractography , pnt ) from diffusion mri ( dmri ) data to test the hypotheses : 1 ) preterm birth is associated with alter... |
acute myocardial infarction ( ami ) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with approximately one - half of deaths occurring in the prehospital setting . in
the united arab emirates , mortality statistics from 2008 to 2010 showed that cardiovascular disease was the leading cause of death among both t... | background : data on the use of emergency medical services ( ems ) by patients with cardiac conditions in the gulf region are scarce , and prior studies have suggested underutilization .
patient perception and knowledge of ems care is critical to proper utilization of such services.objectives:to estimate utilization ... |
sympathetic innervation of the eye is a third - order neuron pathway which emerges from the hypothalamus and runs along a well - known route before reaching the eye [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] .
the third - order neuron is located in the superior cervical ganglion dividing itself into two branches which innervate the mller 's musc... | in this paper , we present the rare case of a patient with cervical lymphadenopathy diagnosed as a t - cell - rich b - cell non - hodgkin lymphoma that manifested horner 's syndrome due to a post - ganglionic sympathetic neuron lesion caused by the tumor . |
from october to november 2002 , a cluster of skin and soft tissue infections due to mrsa involving pediatric and maternity patients occurred at a new york city hospital .
the hospital has a labor and delivery unit and 2 units that house both healthy newborns and maternity patients .
after the outbreak was recognize... | community - associated methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus ( ca - mrsa ) has rarely been reported in the hospital setting .
we report an outbreak of 7 cases of skin and soft tissue infections due to a strain of ca - mrsa .
all patients were admitted to the labor and delivery , nursery , or maternity units... |
it has been claimed that tertian malaria had been completely eradicated in the latter part of 1970 in korea .
but since 1993 , this tertian malaria has reemerged to infect soldiers and civilians living near the armistice line , resulting in 1,724 cases in 1997 . also , imported malaria from an overseas trip has becom... | in plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale malaria , some of the liver stage parasites remain dormant .
the activation of these dormant forms ( called hypnozoite ) can give rise to relapse weeks , months or years after the initial infection.to prevent relapses , a course of primaquine may be given as terminal prophylax... |
in general , the gastric tube is used for reconstruction after an esophagectomy , and the reconstruction may be performed via the posterior mediastinum , retrosternal , or presternal route . as the posterior mediastinum route is the shortest and most natural , this route is most often chosen . however , in cases of loc... | in gastric tube reconstruction , anastomotic leakage and stricture occasionally occur .
additionally , new or recurrent cancer may occur in the esophageal remnant or at the anastomotic site .
such complications , after cervical anastomoses , led to our adoption of a procedure to approach the anastomosis by manubriu... |
experimental birds : white leghorn chicks ( n=12 , male ) at one day of age
were commercially obtained from komatsu shukeijyo ( matsumoto , japan ) and reared in our
laboratory given a commercial diet and water ad libitum and under
controlled light condition ( 12 hr light : 12 hr darkness ) up to one week of age ... | abstractcolocalization of glucagon - like peptide ( glp)-1 with glp-2 in l - cells was investigated in
the chicken ileum by using double immunofluorescent and immunocytochemical techniques .
ultrastructural features of l - cells were also clarified in this study .
l - cells showing
immunoreactivity for both glp... |
insulin resistance ( ir ) plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome ( mets ) , which is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes . from the standpoint of primary prevention , it is important to identify the patients at risk of mets , especially at an early... | abstractwe have recently established a healthassociated reference interval of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( homair ) between 0.4 and 2.4 . in the present study ,
the aim was to establish a
decisionbased limit of homair for the discrimination of metabolic syndrome ( mets ) in nondiabetic japa... |
composite pheochromocytoma ( pc ) is a rare neoplasm that typically arises in the adrenal medulla as a mixture of pc and other tumors of neural origin , including peripheral neuroblastic tumors , malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors , and neuroendocrine carcinomas ( 1 , 2 ) . the frequency of composite pcs in the a... | composite pheochromocytoma ( cpc ) is extremely rare , arising in the adrenal medulla as a mixture of pc and other tumors of neural origin .
we herein report on a case of adrenal incidentaloma post - operatively diagnosed as cpc with ganglioneuroblastoma ( gnbl ) .
the pc component had 7 points on the pass , a ki-6... |
sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown etiology with systemic inflammation leading to formation of granulomas .
macrophages and activated lymphocytes , an immunological hallmark of sarcoidosis , are also involved in the process of thrombin activation and fibrin formation [ 2 , 3 ] .
the association between sa... | the association between venous thromboembolism ( vte ) and sarcoidosis has been reported recently , nevertheless the true incidence of co - incident sarcoidosis and vte is unknown .
sarcoidosis as a chronic disease of immune dysregulation might be associated with an increased risk of vte .
the mechanisms responsibl... |
infectious bronchitis ( ib ) , caused by the infectious bronchitis virus ( ibv ) , is a highly contagious viral disease of chickens with a worldwide distribution .
it is characterized by respiratory symptoms , nephritis , poor performance and reduced egg reproduction . despite extensive vaccination
, ib has been a ... | despite the existence of an active vaccination program , recently emerged strains of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus ( ibv ) in korea have caused significant economic losses in the poultry industry . in this study , we assessed the pathogenic and antigenic characteristics of a k - iib type field strain of ... |
renal hyperparathyroidism ( rhpt ) is a serious complication of long - term dialysis treatment .
the european dialysis and transplant association ( edta ) report published in 1991 showed that up to 40% of patients undergo surgical treatment for rhpt after 15 years of dialysis .
rhpt is a form of renal osteodystroph... | background .
renal hyperparathyroidism ( rhpt ) is a serious complication of long - term dialysis treatment .
two intervention methods can be administered to treat rhpt , namely percutaneous ethanol injection therapy ( peit ) and a parathyroidectomy ( ptx ) .
peit is associated with a significant adverse event , ... |
mountainous ecosystems are highly sensitive to any disturbances in natural balance , what makes them especially interesting for observations of chemical and radiochemical contamination .
the area of the babia gra national park ( bpn ) , being located along the main ridge of the flysch carpathian mountains , is just t... | the aim of this work was to determine 137cs and 40k radioactivities in soil samples taken from the babia gra national park ( bpn ) in south poland .
the cluster analysis ( ca ) and principal component analysis ( pca ) were used to discuss the obtained data .
10 cm thick soil cores were collected from the bpn area ... |
the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) infection in india is 0.34%.(1 ) even though the survival of people living with hiv ( plwh ) has improved with the advent of anti - retroviral therapy ( art ) , their life is affected by social factors like stigma / discrimination . hence , quality of life ( qol ) ... | context : with anti - retroviral therapy ( art ) for human immunodeficiency virus infection ( hiv ) coming into picture , quality of life ( qol ) has gained importance .
knowledge on the factors affecting qol would be helpful in making important policy decisions and health care interventions.aims:the aim of this stud... |
equilibrium gated radionuclide ventriculography ( ernv ) is a non - invasive , reproducible and minimally operator - dependent study .
ernv has been used widely for the assessment of wall motion abnormalities and left ventricular ejection fraction ( lvef ) . fourier phase analysis on ernv in addition
this loss of s... | aim : to define the range of phase spread on equilibrium gated radionuclide ventriculography ( ernv ) in normal individuals and derive the cut - off limit for the parameters to detect cardiac dyssynchrony.materials and methods : ernv was carried out in 30 individuals ( age 5323 years , 25 males and 5 females ) who had ... |
hepatitis b virus is one of the most important factors for infected diseases in the world .
it was estimated that 350 million people infected with hepatitis b virus and almost 75% patients are living in asia ( 1 ) .
nearly one million people die annually from chronic liver diseases such as , chronic hepatitis b , c... | hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) infection is a public health problem as a cause of liver diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis .
it is estimated that 350 million people live with chronic infection and about one million people die every year from complication of this chronic disease in the world .
so f... |
it is a benign locally aggressive tumor usually involving the distal end of the femur , proximal tibia and distal radius in young adults .
the main variables to be considered for planning treatment include the site of involvement and campanacci stage of the tumor .
different treatment options are available which in... | introduction : giant cell tumor ( gct ) of bone is locally aggressive benign tumor involving the epiphysis of long bones in young adults . various treatment options include intralesional curettage , extended curettage , wide resection , resection and reconstruction and amputation .
the main variables to be considered... |
iridodialysis is not an uncommon complication during phacoemulsification procedures or any intraoperative maneuver , since the iris root is the thinnest and weakest portion of the stroma .
when the eye is contused or the iris is accidentally engaged during an operation , separation occurs most frequently at this site... | managing large iridodialysis that may occur during phacoemulsification is challenging .
i describe how a procedure to reposit a prolapsed iris while the anterior chamber is markedly inflated by a current of infusion fluid may inadvertently lead to large iridodialysis , and discuss how to avoid such a complication .
... |
in patients with obstructive colorectal cancer , where conventional colonoscopy can not traverse obstruction , clearance of the proximal colon remains a problem .
a 58-year - old woman presented to her physician with rectal bleeding and intermittent diarrhea . conventional colonoscopy revealed a bulky tumor which was... | a 58-year - old woman presented to her physician with rectal bleeding and intermittent diarrhea . optical colonoscopy revealed a bulky tumor which was diagnosed as rectal cancer .
she was referred to our institution for further evaluation and treatment .
slim optical colonoscopy showed an obstructive cancer in the ... |
venous thromboembolic ( vte ) disease encompasses deep venous thrombosis ( dvt ) and pulmonary embolus ( pe ) .
it is an important source of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients . with an increasing focus on patient safety and quality of care ,
vte has become a target measure of quality by multiple qual... | background : due to the high incidence of thromboembolic events ( deep venous thrombosis [ dvt ] and pulmonary embolus [ pe ] ) after injury , many trauma centers perform lower extremity surveillance duplex ultrasounds . we hypothesize that trauma patients are at a higher risk of upper extremity dvts ( uedvts ) than lo... |
cancer is a prothrombotic condition that predisposes patients to various thromboses such as lower extremities thromboses and pulmonary embolism [ 1 , 2 ] .
obstruction of blood flow from external compression , frequently from lymph node masses , is also common , especially malignancy of the lower abdomen and pelvis w... | transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a malignancy that metastasizes frequently to lymph nodes including the mediastinal lymph nodes .
this occurrence may produce symptoms due to compression of adjacent structures such as the superior vena cava syndrome or dysphagia from esophageal compression .
we ... |
over the past years , the design and synthesis of nanostructured materials with desired size , shape , and morphology have attracted considerable attention for achieving novel morphology - dependent chemical physical properties.[1 - 8 ] particularly , porous nanostructure materials have received significant interest o... | mesoporous zns
nis composites are prepared via ion- exchange reactions using zns as the precursor . the prepared mesoporous zns
nis composite materials have large surface areas ( 137.9 m2 g1 ) compared with the zns precursor .
more importantly , the application of these mesoporous zns nis composites as nonenzy... |
patients aged between 10 and 65 years with type 1 diabetes diagnosed for more than 1 year , with reasonable metabolic control assessing carbohydrate intake and self - adjusting insulin , and an hba1c level < 7.5% , using intensive insulin treatment with either an insulin pump or multiple daily injections , and not usin... | objectiveto assess the impact of continuous glucose monitoring on hypoglycemia in people with type 1 diabetes.research design and methodsin this randomized , controlled , multicenter study , 120 children and adults on intensive therapy for type 1 diabetes and a screening level of glycated hemoglobin a1c ( hba1c ) < 7.5... |
traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) is a clinical condition which can have substantial and long - lasting effects not only upon brain structure , but also upon motor ability , attention , memory , higher cognition , personality , and affect . due to the wide range of mechanisms
whereby brain injury can be inflicted , the ... | functional deficits due to traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) can have significant and enduring consequences upon patients life quality and expectancy .
although functional neuroimaging is essential for understanding tbi pathophysiology , an insufficient amount of effort has been dedicated to the task of translating func... |
scheme 1 outlines
the synthesis of novel
thioacetamide ( compounds 4a4z ) and
sulfinylacetamide ( compounds 5a5 g ) analogues of ( )-1 . the thioacetamide analogues 4a4z were generated via three different
synthetic routes .
the first route ( procedure a ) affords the
thioacetamides in one
step and was emp... | 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide
( modafinil , ( )-1 ) is a unique dopamine uptake inhibitor
that binds the dopamine
transporter ( dat ) differently than cocaine and may have potential
for the treatment of psychostimulant abuse . to further investigate
structural requirements for this divergent binding m... |
reversible left ventricular ( lv ) dysfunction and takotsubo 's cardiomyopathy has been described in endocrine conditions such as addison 's disease , isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency , primary adrenal insufficiency in adrenal crisis , pheochromocytoma , thyrotoxicosis , and multiple endocrine neoplasia ... | we describe a case of takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a case of pituitary macroadenoma in acute adrenal crisis . a 48-year - old man presented with acute onset altered sensorium , vomiting , and gasping . on admission
, he was unresponsive and hemodynamically unstable .
he was intubated and ventilated and resuscitated ... |
munchausen syndrome is characterized by feigning physical symptoms to seek attention ; it was first reported by asher in 1951 .
we report a case of cutaneous munchausen syndrome in a patient who self - inflicted trauma to a postoperative wound .
a 50-year - old japanese woman consulted the emergency department of o... | a 50-year - old japanese woman consulted the emergency department of our hospital for bleeding due to an intractable postoperative wound on the lower abdomen ; the postoperative wound was owing to a laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed 1 year previously for acute cholecystitis .
she presented with a painful ulcer o... |
gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( gists ) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the alimentary tract .
it represents approximately 1% to 2% of all the alimentary malignancies . based on their phenotypic similarities ,
gists are considered to arise from muscularis propria of gastrointestinal tract , and deriv... | abstractclinicopathologic features and clinical outcomes of gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( gists ) in esophagus are limited , because of the relatively rare incidence of esophageal gists . therefore , the aim of the current study was to investigate the clinicopathologic features and clinical outcomes of esophageal g... |
the recurrent laryngeal nerve ( rln ) injury is one of the most important complications during thyroid surgery , leading to dysfunction , and palsy of the vocal cords . for years , surgeons have attempted to prevent this complication by improving surgical techniques and optimizing surgical strategies .
the identifica... | background : intraoperative neuromonitoring ( ionm ) of the recurrent laryngeal nerve ( rln ) has been widely applied during thyroid surgery .
however , the safe range of stimulation intensity for ionm remains undetermined.methods:total thyroidectomies were performed on twenty dogs , and their rlns were stimulated wi... |
conventional venoplasty of post - liver transplant inferior vena cava ( ivc ) stenoses is limited by a high primary treatment failure rate and problematic durability . while ivc
stenting may deliver a successful outcome after failed angioplasty , this approach , however , is not always suitable .
hepatic vein ostia... | obstruction of the inferior vena cava ( ivc ) is a rare complication of liver transplantation with significant consequences including intractable ascites and hepatic dysfunction .
although venoplasty and stenting are effective in many cases , patients who fail first - line treatment may require surgical intervention ... |
cough , sputum , and shortness of breath are cardinal features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) . the natural history of copd is characterized by a progressive reduction in exercise tolerance and health - related quality of life ( hrqol).1,2 the rate of decline in lung function , which is a strong pred... | introductionchronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) patients with mucus hypersecretion tend to demonstrate increased frequency of infective exacerbations and a steeper slope of decline in lung function .
enhanced mucociliary clearance with high - frequency chest wall oscillation ( hfcwo ) devices previously us... |
codam participants were selected from a large cohort in the general population , as described in detail elsewhere ( 1820 ) .
briefly , subjects were selected if they were of caucasian ethnicity , aged > 40 years , and had at least one of the following inclusion criteria : positive family history of t2 dm ( first - de... | objectiveadipocyte insulin resistance ( ir ) is a key feature early in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) , and although scarce , data in the literature suggest a direct role for iron and iron metabolism related factors in adipose tissue function and metabolism .
serum ferritin and transferrin we... |
structural studies were carried out using an engineered hkor construct ( see methods and supplementary fig . 1 ) and crystallized in cholesterol - doped monoolein lipidic cubic mesophase ( see methods ) .
the construct used displayed pharmacological behavior similar to that of a native receptor expressed in hek 293-t... | opioid receptors ( ors ) mediate the actions of endogenous and exogenous opioids for many essential physiological processes including regulation of pain , respiratory drive , mood , and , in the case of -opioid receptors ( kor ) , dysphoria and psychotomimesis . here
we report the crystal structure of the human kor (... |
procyanidins are the second most abundant natural phenolic after lignin , and they are widely distributed in fruits , berries , beans , nuts , cocoa , and wine .
they participate in glucose homeostasis and modulate insulin synthesis , secretion , and degradation .
moreover , changes in -cell insulin production ma... | in a previous study , the administration of a grape seed procyanidin extract ( gspe ) in female wistar rats improved insulin resistance , reduced insulin production , and modulated apoptosis biomarkers in the pancreas . considering that pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters in females are different from these ... |
primary nasopharyngeal adenocarcinomas ( npacs ) are extremely rare malignant tumors accounting for 0.38% to 0.48% of all malignant nasopharyngeal neoplasms and 0.70% of all nasopharyngeal carcinomas .
these properties mean that the treatment of choice for these tumours is total surgical resection of the primary tumo... | we reported two patients with nasopharyngeal adenocarcinoma resected by using the exclusively endoscopic approach .
case reports and a review of the world literature concerning nasopharyngeal adenocarcinoma .
the tumors were resected successfully via the exclusively endoscopic approach and no conversions to the con... |
it has long been accepted that bipolar disorder has its peak onset in late adolescence to young adulthood .
however , biederman and colleagues ( wozniak et al . , 1995 ) proposed that most cases of bipolar disorder have a preschool age onset and that irritability , not elevated mood , is the core feature .
affectiv... | objectivepediatric bipolar disorder ( pbd ) reflects shifts in conceptualizing bipolar disorder among children and adolescents since the mid-1990s .
since then , pbd diagnoses , predominantly in the united states , have increased dramatically , and the diagnosis has attracted significant controversy . during the same... |
both prospective and retrospective studies have shown that hemiplegic stroke patients are
at a high risk of fall throughout their post - stroke lifespan1 .
although previous studies have reported varying fall rates among
hemiplegic stroke patients , there is a general consensus regarding the higher fall rate in
... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the
falls efficacy scale using rasch analysis in patients with hemiplegic stroke .
[ subjects ]
fifty - five community - dwelling hemiplegic stroke patients were selected as participants .
[ methods ] data were analyzed usin... |
although the vocalizations of most animal
species constitute their innate behavior , some animal groups , such as mammals ( humans ,
cetaceans , bats , elephants , and pinnipeds ) and birds ( oscine songbirds , parrots , and
hummingbirds ) develop a complex vocal pattern through vocal learning [ 23 , 24 ] . the s... | like humans , songbirds are one of the few animal groups that learn vocalization .
vocal
learning requires coordination of auditory input and vocal output using auditory feedback
to guide one s own vocalizations during a specific developmental stage known as the
critical period .
songbirds are good animal mod... |
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