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overweight and obesity accompanied by low levels of physical activity are a widespread and growing global problem .
worldwide , the proportion of overweight and obese adults has increased in the last 20 years and continues to increase in children and adolescents in developed and developing countries . in a large us s... | purpose . to determine family medicine residents ' perceived knowledge and attitudes towards the built environment and their responsibility for health advocacy and to identify their perceived educational needs and barriers to patient education and advocacy
. methods .
a web - based survey was conducted in canada wi... |
situated between the neuroretina and choroid , it performs several functions that are crucial for supporting sight . among the most important
are phagocytosis of shed photoreceptor ( pr ) outer segments , regeneration of the visual cycle pigment rhodopsin , transportation of glucose and nutrients from the choroid to ... | purpose .
replacement of the diseased retinal pigment epithelium ( rpe ) with cells capable of performing the specialized functions of the rpe is the aim of cell replacement therapy for treatment of macular degenerative diseases .
a storage method for rpe is likely to become a prerequisite for the establishment of ... |
ewing 's sarcoma ( es ) is a rare malignant small round cell tumor that primarily affects the skeletal system .
it accounts for 4 to 10% of all types of bone cancer , with long bones and pelvis being the most common locations .
it affects mainly adolescents and young adults and is rarely seen before the age of 5 an... | ewing 's sarcoma is a malignant tumor of bones that primarily affects children and young adults .
the true origin of this small round cell lesion still remains controversial .
it was originally described by james ewing in 1921 as arising from undifferentiated osseous mesenchymal cells ; however , recent studies sug... |
true metastases from solid tumors in lung , skin ( melanoma ) , gastrointestinal tract , kidney , testes , and endocrine glands are reported only in 0.2% of all surgical prostatic specimens and 2.9% of all male postmortems .
lung is the most common primary site of metastases to the prostate . in all series direct spr... | true metastases to prostate from solid tumors are reported only in 0.2% of all surgical prostatic specimens and 2.9% of all male postmortems .
clinical context , morphological features , and immunohistochemical localization of prostate specific antigen ( psa ) are supposed to clarify the differential diagnosis betwee... |
spasm of esophagus is often suggested as the cause of unexplained chest pain or dysphagia .
once cardiovascular disease and structural disease have been excluded , esophageal manometry should be performed to detect motility disorders as the cause of symptoms.1 diffuse esophageal spasm ( des ) is an uncommon motility ... | diffuse esophageal spasm ( des ) is an uncommon motility disorder of unknown etiology in which the abnormal motility has been offered as a possible cause for the patient 's dysphagia or chest pain .
esophageal manometry is the gold standard for the diagnosis of des and the diagnostic hallmark is identification of sim... |
cases were enrolled when pairs of bilaterally biopsied bone marrow specimens were available . among bone marrow specimens sampled from the right and left iliac crests between january 2013 and july 2014 at gangnam severance hospital , 53 cases were finally included .
for the 53 selected cases , 28 right and left bone ... | background : the conventional method for decalcification of bone specimens uses hydrochloric acid ( hcl ) and is notorious for damaging cellular rna , dna , and proteins , thus complicating molecular and immunohistochemical analyses . a method that can effectively decalcify while preserving genetic material
is necess... |
the presence and modulation of neuronal responses within specific time and frequency bands has been implicated in the implementation of perception and cognition within the brain .
there is also increasing evidence that the most plausible mechanism for the generation of temporally organized network activity is in reci... | the electroencephalographic / magnetoencephalographic ( eeg / meg ) signal is generated primarily by the summation of the postsynaptic currents of cortical principal cells . at a microcircuit level , these glutamatergic principal cells are reciprocally connected to gabaergic interneurons .
here we investigated the re... |
through the process
of natural selection , nature has evolved well - adapted
macromolecular structures that interact with biological small molecules .
oxidoreductases , for example , rely on the nicotinamide coenzymes to
supply them with the redox equivalents required to sustain their catalytic
cycles .
two... | the search for affordable , green
biocatalytic processes is a challenge
for chemicals manufacture .
redox biotransformations are potentially
attractive , but they rely on unstable and expensive nicotinamide coenzymes
that have prevented their widespread exploitation .
stoichiometric
use of natural coenzym... |
when upgrading a material from a low value to a higher value , two main issues need to be considered : the type of potential end - product(s ) and the required properties .
this study focuses on the extrusion of protein - based plastics for potential use in packaging for two reasons .
the present variety of package... | crambe abyssinica is a plant with potential for use in industrial ( non - food ) plant oil production .
the side stream from this oil production is a high - protein crambe meal that has limited value , as it is not fit for food or feed use .
however , it contains proteins that could potentially make it a suitable r... |
neuroblastoma ( nb ) is a common childhood solid tumor that presents with clinical heterogeneity .
the presentation of nb can range from localized tumors to disseminated forms , which have different prognoses and require different treatment .
therefore , determining the disease extent and stage at the time of diagn... | purposethe purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical significance of tyrosine hydroxylase ( th ) expression in peripheral blood ( pb ) at diagnosis in patients with neuroblastoma.materials and methodsth mrna expression in pb was measured by reverse transcription quantitative real - time polymerase chain reac... |
in recent years , the increasing prevalence of infectious diseases resistant to chemotherapy has caused an urgent need to discover and develop new antibiotics . in this context ,
strain hhs.015 , isolated from roots of cucumber plants , belongs to saccharothrix actinomycete [ 1 , 2 ] .
the isolate showed a broad an... | strain hhs.015 t ( saccharothrix yanglingensis sp . nov . ) , an antagonistic endophytic saccharothrix actinomycete isolated from roots of cucumber plants , exhibited a broad antimicrobial spectrum in vitro and was active as a biocontrol against plant diseases in field trials .
the ssy medium was used for production ... |
it is also known as drumstick tree or horseradish tree ; the leaves are very beneficial and offer important source of beta - carotene , vitamin c , protein , iron , and potassium .
the m. oleifera plant is native to the indian subcontinent and has been used by the indians for almost 5000 years .
m. oleifera tree ca... | background . the moringa oleifera plant has been implicated for several therapeutic potentials . objective . to evaluate whether addition of m. oleifera to diet has protective effect against nickel - induced nephrotoxicity in rats
. methodology .
male wistar rats were assigned into six groups of five .
the rats w... |
glycated hemoglobin ( hba1c ) has been considered as an important marker of long - term glycemic control . in the recent past ,
the american diabetes association has suggested the use of hba1c as diagnostic tool for prediabetes and diabetes .
a value between 5.7% and 6.5% represents prediabetes while a value 6.5% i... | introduction : glycated hemoglobin ( hba1c ) can be altered in different conditions .
we hypothesize that hba1c levels may change due to altered thyroid status , possibly due to changes in red blood cell ( rbc ) turnover.objectives:the objective of this study was to determine the effects of altered thyroid status on ... |
zinc is an essential trace element required for the growth of humans and other animals.13 prasad et al1 described a syndrome characterized by dwarfism , hypogonadism , hepatosplenomegaly and zinc - deficiency . in later years , besides iran , it has been reported from egypt , turkey , portugal , morocco , yugoslavia , ... | objectivesthe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low levels of zinc intake on the rat mandible and maxilla during growth and to compare these results with those of zinc - containing rats.methodsthe study was carried out on 14 sprague - dawley rats .
the rats were randomly divided into two groups .
... |
a longstanding computational theory attributes successful memory to a balance between two complementary functions mediated by the hippocampal dentate gyrus and ca3 regions , which receive input from layer ii neurons of the entorhinal cortex .
the model proposes that pattern separation , a function ascribed to the gra... | studies of individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( amci ) have detected hyperactivity in the hippocampus during task - related functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) .
such elevated activation has been localized to the hippocampal dentate gyrus / ca3 ( dg / ca3 ) during performance of a task des... |
. they control gene expression by targeting the cleavage of cognate mrnas or by inhibiting their translation ( 13 ) .
therefore , when studying the biology of any organism , it is of utmost importance to quantify precisely the expression level of each particular microrna gene during organ development .
northern hyb... | mirex is a comprehensive platform for comparative analysis of primary microrna expression data .
rt
qpcr - based gene expression profiles are stored in a universal and expandable database scheme and wrapped by an intuitive user - friendly interface .
a new way of accessing gene expression data in mirex includes a... |
[ 12 , 13 ] originally defined sarcopenia as being two standard deviations below the normal appendicular muscle mass divided by height squared , numerous groups have examined the prevalence of low muscle mass .
multiple techniques have been used to measure muscle mass , e.g. , dual - energy x - ray absorptiometry ( d... | sarcopenia is now defined as a decline in walking speed or grip strength associated with low muscle mass .
sarcopenia leads to loss of mobility and function , falls , and mortality .
sarcopenia is a major cause of frailty , but either condition can occur without the other being present .
sarcopenia is present in ... |
these herbs are relatively cheap and available , and their use depends on ancestral experience [ 1 - 3 ] .
medicinal plants represent a great deal of untapped reservoirs of drugs , and the structural diversity of their components make a valuable source of novel compounds [ 3 , 4 ] .
thus , there is a growing intere... | objectives : loranthus ferrugineus ( l. ferrugineus ) from loranthaceae , a mistletoe , is a medicinal herb used for a variety of human ailments . traditionally , decoctions of this parasitic shrub have been mainly used to treat high blood pressure ( bp ) and gastrointestinal complaints ; usage which is supported by ex... |
the flexion - relaxation phenomenon ( frp ) is the myoelectric silencing of a muscle during a
full - flexion maneuver1 .
the frp of the
erector spinae ( es ) muscles shows silencing during upright to full - flexion lumbar movement
in asymptomatic subjects .
the phenomenon involves the transfer of the role of ... | [ purpose ] this study evaluated the differences in the flexion - relaxation phenomenon ( frp )
of the right and left erector spinae muscles in asymptomatic subjects and the effect of
lumbar stabilization exercises on these differences . [ subjects and methods ] twenty - six
participants ( 12 in the exercise grou... |
it is commonly reported in
( 1422% ) of population studies3 , however a
recent study found that 25% of employees report fatigue at work4 , 5 .
fatigue is characterized by progressive withdrawal of attention from the environment and
demands due to tiredness , dislike of the present activity , and unwillingness t... | [ purpose ] this research work was performed to examine whether different levels of
physical activity and environmental and social factors are associated with changes in
adrenal hormones as markers of adrenal fatigue in saudi adult volunteers .
[ subjects and
methods ] a total of 160 saudi adults aged 1522 year... |
bendamustine is an anticancer drug , which has recently evolved as an important agent for a number of lymphoid malignancies in europe and the usa .
the drug consists of an alkylating nitrogen mustard group bound to a purine - like benzimidazole ring , and because of this unique bifunctional structure the bendamustine... | recently , bendamustine has become an important agent in the treatment for patients with lymphoid malignancies .
although the drug has received approval for second - line therapy in indolent lymphoma , a growing body of evidence suggests its efficacy and safety in first - line use .
the results of randomised and ob... |
tpx2 ( targeting protein for the xenopus kinesin xklp2 ) is a protein essential for spindle assembly and chromosome interaction with microtubules .
tpx2 level of expression is critical for spindle function , and altered expression is associated with aneuploidy and cancer . in agreement with a previous report
, we s... | germ cells divide and differentiate in a unique local microenvironment under the control of somatic cells .
signals released in this niche instruct oocyte reentry into the meiotic cell cycle . once initiated , the progression through meiosis and the associated program of maternal mrna translation are thought to be ce... |
tethered cord syndrome ( tcs ) is a well - known clinical entity and is characterized by motor and sensorial changes in the legs , back pain , foot deformities , urinary dysfunction and spinal deformity .
scoliosis can be a unique and leading sign of tcs.1 in the classic description of tcs by hoffman et al.,2 scolios... | background : tethered cord syndrome ( tcs ) is a progressive clinical entity that arises from abnormal spinal cord tension .
scoliosis may be a unique symptom in tcs .
the aim of this study is to investigate prognosis after releasing the filum terminale in scoliosis due to tcs with / without findings in magnetic re... |
medical archives is the oldest medical journal in bosnia and herzegovina ( b&h ) ( founded in 1947 . ) .
a total of 104 articles were published in medical archives during 2015 . analyzing the type of articles , original articles are present in majority during 201580.7% ( in last seven years , 561 ( 76% ) were origina... | introduction : medical archives is the oldest medical journal in bosnia and herzegovina ( b&h ) ( founded in 1947 . ) .
a total of 104 articles were published in medical archives during 2015 . analyzing the type of articles , original articles are present in majority during 201580.7% ( in last seven years , 561 ( 76%... |
cancer of the eyelid accounts for 5 - 10% of all skin cancers with 90% being basal cell carcinoma ( bcc ) .
post - operative radiotherapy is usually indicated depending upon the presence of high - risk features for recurrence .
positive surgical margins in primary bcc excisions in the head and neck region were repo... | purposeto analyse feasibility and safety of postoperative interstitial brachytherapy ( ibrt ) in patients of eyelid cancer treated primarily by surgical excision.material and methodsin this series , 8 patients with eyelid cancer were treated using postoperative interstitial brachytherapy .
patients were followed up f... |
the way in which individuals respond to daily stressors is a determinant of reactivity of the sympathetic - adrenal - medullary ( sam ) and hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal ( hpa ) axes and contributes to allostatic load . in order to fully understand the reactivity of these axes it is necessary to observe individual... | in order to understand psychobiological responses to stress it is necessary to observe how people react to controlled stressors . a range of stressors exist for this purpose ; however , laboratory stressors that are representative of real life situations provide more ecologically valid opportunities for assessing stres... |
infectious adverse events after transrectal prostate biopsy ( tpbx ) have been increasing , and even septic and fatal cases have been reported .
fluoroquinolones have long been used for prophylactic administration owing to their good efficacy and high concentration in the prostate after dosing . however , especially ... | purposeto investigate the efficacy of tazobactam / piperacillin ( taz / pipc ) plus levofloxacin ( lvfx ) as a prophylactic administration in transrectal prostate biopsy ( tpbx).materials and methodswe investigated 201 consecutive patients who underwent tpbx in one japanese hospital during the period of 2009 - 2010 .
... |
type 1 diabetes mellitus ( t1 dm ) is characterized by a loss of beta cell mass due to an autoimmune process . in a phase prior to the onset , immune cells infiltrate the islets creating an inflammatory microenvironment responsible for the -cell - specific toxicity .
proinflammatory cytokines , such as interleukin-1 ... | nitric oxide ( no ) is involved in several biological processes . in type 1 diabetes mellitus ( t1 dm )
, proinflammatory cytokines activate an inducible isoform of nos ( inos ) in cells , thus increasing no levels and inducing apoptosis .
the aim of the current study is to determine the role of no ( 1 ) in the an... |
recognition of the importance of ion channel regulation by phosphoinositides ( pips ) ,
especially phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate ( ptdins(4,5)p2 ) , continues to
grow . in earlier studies ,
the effects of
ptdins(4,5)p2 application were examined directly , or a ptdins(4,5)p2
antibody , ptdins(4,5)p2 sc... | trpc3/c6/c7 channels , a subgroup of classical / canonical trp channels , are activated by
diacylglycerol produced via activation of phospholipase c ( plc)-coupled receptors .
recognition of the physiological importance of these channels has been steadily growing ,
but the mechanism by which they are regulated re... |
during a 10-month period , 30 non - consecutive patients ( 6 males and 24 females [ age range ; 32 - 80 years , mean age ; 53.7 years ] ) with 30 rccs that were detected on ct scan were referred to us for performing us before the masses were histologically confirmed .
all of the patients underwent a gray - scale us a... | objectivewe wanted to compare the imaging features of renal cell carcinoma ( rcc ) and their diagnostic accuracy on agent detection imaging ( adi ) and gray - scale ultrasonography ( us).materials and methodsthirty non - consecutive patients ( age range ; 32 - 80 years , mean age ; 53.7 years ) with 30 rccs were examin... |
behavioral neuroscience , with the backing of the national institutes of health ( nih ) , has made tremendous progress in establishing powerful tools and techniques that have been used primarily in a small number of model organisms .
the nervous system of c. elegans has been poked and prodded in ways previously unima... | how the brain mediates behavior is a question relevant to a broad range of disciplines including evolutionary biology , basic neuroscience , psychiatry , and population health .
experiments in animals have traditionally used two distinct approaches to explore brain
behavior relationships ; one uses naturally existi... |
recently , all - ceramic fixed partial dentures ( fpds ) were introduced ; these are currently in use in clinical dental treatment . due to their superior aesthetics ,
all - ceramic restorations provide a more desirable approach compared with metal - ceramic combinations for the restoration of natural dentition.1 the... | objectives : the biomechanical behavior of the superstructure plays an important role in the functional longevity of dental implants . however , information about the influence of framework design on stresses transmitted to the implants and supporting tissues is limited .
the purpose of this study was to evaluate the... |
time - dependent density
functional theory ( td - dft ) has been in the limelight
of quantum chemistry during the past decade .
indeed , paralleling the success of dft for the ground - state ( gs )
,
td - dft has now become the most widely applied method to explore the
excited - state ( es ) properties of m... | the accuracies of
the excited - state dipole and quadrupole moments
obtained by td - dft are assessed by considering 16 different exchange - correlation
functionals and more than 30 medium and large molecules . except for
excited - state presenting a significant charge - transfer character ,
a relatively limi... |
a number of respiratory viruses including influenza viruses , respiratory syncytial virus ( rsv ) , parainfluenza viruses , adenovirus and the recently described human metapneumovirus ( hmpv ) play an important role in acute respiratory tract infections ( ari ) in children .
however , in a substantial portion of resp... | background human coronavirus nl63 ( hcovnl63 ) is a novel respiratory virus which is associated with respiratory tract infections in children .
objective to determine the role of hcovnl63 in infants and young children hospitalised with acute respiratory tract infections ( ari ) in cape town , south africa .
met... |
laparoscopy in patients with poor cardiac function has been the subject of controversy and is considered by many surgeons a relative contraindication .
we report the case of a patient who presented with acute cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis concurrent with unstable angina . our experience in laparoscopic manage... | background and objectives : laparoscopy in patients with poor cardiac function has been the subject of controversy and is considered by many surgeons a relative contraindication.methods:we report the case of a patient who presented with acute cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis concurrent with unstable angina .
our... |
inflammatory pseudotumors constitute a heterogenous group of reactive lesions characterized by a mixture of inflammatory cells and a minor component of spindle cells .
this benign lesion needs to be distinguished from an inflammatory pseudotumor - like follicular dendritic cell ( ipt - like fdc ) tumor , a distinctiv... | inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen with expression of follicular dendritic cell markers is an extremely rare lesion with only a few cases reported previously .
the present study reports on an inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen 10 8 7 cm in size that was incidentally found in a 61-year - old man and increase... |
according to an estimation of the world health organization ( who ) , more than 366 million people worldwide will have diabetes mellitus in 2030 ; the urban population in developing countries is projected to double between 2000 and 2030 .
diabetes mellitus ( dm ) is an endocrine and metabolic disease which affects al... | to observe the changes of lung injury when diabetic rats were treated with low concentration of ethanol ( etoh ) and analyze the related mechanisms , male sprague - dawley ( sd ) rats were divided into control , diabetic ( dm ) , and etoh+dm groups .
diabetic rat was mimicked by injection of streptozotocin intraperit... |
participants consisted of 108 ( 66 men and 42 women ) older adults with one or more chronic diseases including diabetes , coronary heart disease , chronic pain , and hypertension .
the sample was recruited from several retirement clubs such as kholde barin club and tamine ejtemai organization in shiraz - iran , using... | objective : the purpose of this study was to examine the prediction of depression on a group of iranian older adults based on components of health locus of control.method:sixty-six men and 42 women over the age of 55 were recruited from the retirement clubs in shiraz , using convenience sampling .
the participants co... |
we recruited patients who were initially diagnosed with ntg at seoul national university hospital glaucoma clinic from september 2007 to march 2009 .
ntg was diagnosed based on clinical and visual field evaluations as well as glaucomatous optic nerve changes with corresponding visual field defects and a peak iop of l... | purposeto investigate and compare the circadian pattern of blood pressure ( bp ) , intraocular pressure ( iop ) and mean ocular perfusion pressure ( mopp ) while experiencing undisturbed sleep in normal - tension glaucoma ( ntg ) and non - glaucoma control patient groups.methodstwenty-four eyes from 24 patients diagnos... |
iodine deficiency has been well documented in many parts of the developing world and surprisingly it has reemerged in australia despite various programs to reduce its incidence [ 1 , 2 ] .
urinary iodine levels , which are used as a measure of dietary iodine intake , have declined over the past decade , and australia... | aim .
the primary objective of the study was to assess the iodine nutritional status , and its effect on thyroid function , of pregnant women in a private obstetrical practice in sydney .
methods .
it was a cross - sectional study undertaken between november 2007 and march 2009 .
blood samples were taken from 3... |
migraine is the most common neurological disorder , affecting 18% of females and 6% of males , with prevalence peaking at age 3040 years , but its pathophysiology is not fully understood.1 this gap in knowledge is especially true in regard to mechanisms for the increased sensory perception for light , sound , and motio... | objectivewe investigated whether dietary sodium intake from respondents of a national crosssectional nutritional study differed by history of migraine or severe headaches.backgroundseveral lines of evidence support a disruption of sodium homeostasis in migraine.designour analysis population was 8819 adults in the 19992... |
neurilemmoma ( schwannoma ) is a benign neoplasm that arises from the myelinating schwann cells of the nerve sheath .
it is a relatively common tumor , comprising approximately 5% of all benign soft tissue tumors , and shows a predilection to affect the sensory nerves .
intraosseous neurilemmoma , however , is very... | introductionneurilemmoma is a benign nerve sheath neoplasm commonly located in the soft tissue .
intraosseous neurilemmoma is rare , constituting less than 1% of primary bone tumors.presentation of casea 21 year - old woman was presented with left elbow pain of 1-month duration .
plain radiographs showed a well - d... |
carpal tunnel syndrome ( cts ) is the most frequent entrapment neuropathy , which occurs as a consequence of compression of the median nerve at the wrist .
the diagnosis is usually based on characteristic symptoms and signs , and electrophysiological studies4,21 ) .
the most reliable method to confirm clinical diag... | objectiveto investigate a diagnostic value of ultrasonography in carpal tunnel syndrome ( cts ) patients and to evaluate a correlation of sonographic measurements with the degree of electrodiagnostic abnormalities and clinical severity.methodstwo-hundred-forty-six symptomatic hands in 135 patients and 30 asymptomatic h... |
vascular injury is an uncommon but potentially devastating complication of spine surgery . throughout its course
, the aorta remains in close proximity to the thoracic and lumbar spine and is at risk from malpositioned pedicle screws or other hardware.1 despite this risk , the reported rate of vascular injury from sp... | study design case report and review of the literature .
objective the objective of the article is to report the case of a 20-year - old patient with a threatened aortic injury from pedicle screw instrumentation successfully managed without aortic grafting .
methods the patient 's clinical course is retrospectiv... |
both wild and captive reptiles are frequently affected by external parasites . of these , acarids ( ticks and mites ) are the most commonly encountered .
the most commonectoparasite in captive snakes is the hematophagous snake mite ( ophionyssus natricis ) belonging to the macronyssidae family of the suborder mesosti... | ophionyssus natricis is a purely blood sucking parasite of snakes and of worldwide distribution .
infected snakes often exhibit lethargy , pruritus , crusting dermatitis , and behavioral changes .
ophionyssus natricis can also attack humans , causing popular vesiculo - bullous eruption of the skin .
a 29 years ol... |
urinary tract infections in diabetics are a common occurrence , and they may be complicated by the presence of gas producing organisms . emphysematous infection of the kidney is well known , but such infections are rare in the testis and epididymis .
these infections are often referred to the surgeon , because of the... | emphysematous epididymo - orchitis is a rare cause of an acute scrotum and is a surgical emergency .
diagnosis is clinically difficult , and sonography with a high - frequency probe is useful to pick up gas shadows in the scrotal wall or testicular substance . a diabetic patient presented with fever , urinary tract i... |
the genome sequences of gdah16 and gdse16 have been deposited in genbank under the accession numbers ky347898 , ky347899 .
| previously , we identified three porcine circovirus type 2 ( pcv2 ) strains in buffalo meat samples from southern china . in this study , we confirmed the reappearance of those buffalo - origin - like pcv2 strains in swine herds in this region , which supported the possible cross - species infection of pcv2 between buf... |
gemella morbillorum is a gram - positive , catalase - negative , facultatively anaerobic coccus that often behaves as commensal bacteria of the mucous membranes of oropharynx , gastrointestinal tract , and female genital tract .
however , in some rare cases , this bacterium has been implicated in serious invasive inf... | key clinical messagegemella morbillorum is a rare cause of infective endocarditis .
consequently , little is known about the natural course of endocarditis secondary to this pathogen .
herein , we report a case of cardiogenic shock as a complication of acute mitral valve regurgitation following gemella morbillorum ... |
in 1960 nowell first described lymphocyte activation by mitogenic lectins to result in " blastic transformation " and subsequent mitosis , which are complex cellular events that require several days to evolve .
more than 40 years later , we have advanced considerably in our understanding of the cellular and molecular... | backgroundlymphocyte activation culminates in blastogenesis , cell cycle progression , dna replication and mitosis .
these complex cellular changes are programmed almost simultaneously by multiple ligands and receptors that trigger specific signal transduction pathways and transcription factors . until now ,
the di... |
direct invasion or metastasis of malignant lymphoma in the middle ear is rare and the clinical features remain unknown [ 1 , 2 ] . we treated a case of non - hodgkin b - cell lymphoma ( nhbl ) in the middle ear presenting as recalcitrant otitis media and mastoiditis associated with transverse sinus thrombosis .
the p... | cerebral venous thrombosis as a manifestation of paraneoplastic angitis and otitis media , revealing non - hodgkin b - cell lymphoma ( nhbl ) , is extremely rare . a 57-year - old woman presented with headache , auditory disturbance and recalcitrant otitis media
. magnetic resonance imaging showed brain edema in the ... |
patients aged 12 years with asthma were eligible if they could demonstrate a 12% and 200-ml reversibility of fev1 following albuterol inhalation at screening and had a best evening fev1 of 40% to 85% of the predicted normal value at screening and at randomization . before screening
, patients had been taking ic... | background : the combination of fluticasone furoate ( ff ) , a novel inhaled corticosteroid ( ics ) , and vilanterol ( vi ) , a long - acting 2 agonist , is under development as a once - daily treatment of asthma and copd .
the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of ff / vi with fluticasone propionate ( fp)... |
hyperinsulinemia and elevated circulation angiotensin ii ( ang ii ) level tend to concomitantly occur in obesity patients and contribute to obesity - related hypertension . in recent years
, a number of studies found a cross talk , at multiple levels , between ang ii and insulin [ 26 ] .
several studies showed that... | the cross talk between angiotensin ii ( ang ii ) and insulin has been described mainly in cardiovascular cells , hepatocytes , adipocytes , and so forth , and to date no such cross talk was reported in adrenal . in this study , we examined the interaction between ang ii and insulin / igf-1 in erk and akt signaling path... |
polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) is a heterogeneous and complex endocrine disorder associated with hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance signs and symptoms such as obesity , abnormal glucose tolerance test or type 2 diabetes , abnormal blood lipid profile , high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease ( 1 ) .
t... | background : drugs administration as a pretreatment regiment before icsi cycle in pcos patients could enhance the success rate.objectives:the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of metformin with simvastatin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) candidates for intra - cytoplasmic sperm inje... |
adhesive bond failure between acrylic teeth and resin material is the most routine type of failure in dental practice .
appropriate bonding of acrylic teeth to denture base resin is essential as it increases strength since the teeth becomes an intrinsic part of the prosthesis .
the bond strength between acrylic tee... | aim and objective : acrylic teeth separates from the denture base and remains a major worry in day - to - day routine dental procedure .
the present study was conducted to comparatively evaluate different mechanical modifications of acrylic teeth on bond strength between lucitone 199 heat cure resin and cross - linke... |
phosphorylation of proteins is the most abundant posttranslational modification used in regulatory mechanisms in eukaryotic cells ( khoury et al . , 2011 ) .
advanced techniques of phosphoproteomics have led to the identification of tens of thousands of phosphorylated sites in protein kinase targets . a closer look ... | multisite phosphorylation of proteins is a powerful signal processing mechanism that plays crucial roles in cell division and differentiation as well as in disease .
we recently demonstrated a novel phenomenon in cell cycle regulation by showing that cyclin - dependent kinase
dependent multisite phosphorylation of ... |
medication - assisted treatment ( mat ; sometimes known as opioid substitution therapy or opioid replacement therapy ) is widely accepted as one of the most effective interventions for opioid dependence.1 however , variations in treatment access and provision exist across countries .
open - access , whereby treatment... | aimproject access france was a national survey designed to provide real - world observations on the status of opioid dependence treatment in france.methodsthe views of physicians ( n=100 ) , patients ( n=130 ) , and out - of - treatment opioid users ( n=33 ) were collected via interviews and questionnaires.resultsphysi... |
a thorough understanding of root canal anatomy and morphology is required for achieving high levels of success in endodontic treatment .
failure to recognize variations in root or root canal anatomy can result in the unsuccessful endodontic treatment .
hence , it is imperative that the clinician be well informed an... | mandibular premolars have earned the reputation for having aberrant anatomy .
the literature is replete with reports of extra canals in mandibular first premolars , but reports about the incidence of extra roots in these teeth are quite rare
. this paper attempts at explaining a rare case of successful endodontic m... |
it is regarded as the most expensive disorder among all psychiatric disorders in terms of health care expenditure per patient.1 a recent japanese study estimated the annual burden of disease to exceed 3.5 million yen per patient ( approximately us$30,000).2 most of the costs can be attributed to the loss of working abi... | backgroundthe aim of this study is to analyze if there is a relationship between adherence to antipsychotic medication and rehospitalization for patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in japan.methodsbased on japanese claims data , we constructed three patient groups based on their medication possession ratio ( mpr ) . ... |
coats disease first described in 1908,1 is an idiopathic , typically unilateral , retinal vasculopathy that manifests with retinal telangiectasia , exudation , and retinal detachment.24 coats disease shows a male predominance , occurs more often in early childhood , and can lead to vision loss .
less commonly , this ... | purposethe purpose of this study was to investigate the serum hypercoagulability state and common viral and protozoan infections in coats disease versus a normal control group.materials and methodsin this comparative case series , 22 consecutive patients with coats disease and 19 non - coats patients undergoing lensect... |
juvenile idiopathic arthritis ( jia ) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease of childhood .
it is an heterogeneous disease group of unknown aetiology with distinct presentation , clinical features , and genetic background .
jia is a complex genetic disease caused by the effects of environmental factors and mu... | whether tumor necrosis factor alpha ( tnf- ) gene polymorphisms ( snps ) influence disease susceptibility and treatment of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis ( jia ) is presently uncertain .
tnf- is one of the most important cytokine involved in jia pathogenesis .
several single nucleotide polymorphisms ( ... |
the myocyte enhancer factor 2 ( mef2 ) proteins belong to the mads ( mcm-1-agamous - deficiens - serum response factor ) box evolutionarily conserved family of transcription factors ( tf ) .
four vertebrate genes encode for distinct isoforms ( a - d ) of the mef2 family , whose expression is detected in a wide range ... | the transcription factors of the myocyte enhancer factor 2 family ( mef2 a - d ) are highly expressed in the brain and play a key role in neuronal survival / apoptosis , differentiation and synaptic plasticity . however , the precise genome - wide mapping of different members of the family has not yet been fully elucid... |
today there is a great debate about the role of inflammation in control and regulation of tumor microenvironment directly influencing the development of neoplasms .
inflammation plays a fundamental role in tumor dynamic and is accepted as one of the hallmarks of cancer [ 1 , 2 ] .
currently there are two marked way... | since 2000 , written with elegance and accuracy , hanahan and weinberg have proposed six major hallmarks of cancer and , together , they provide great advances to the understanding of tumoral biology .
our knowledge about tumor behavior has improved and the investigators have now recognized that inflammatory microenv... |
the meiotic cell cycle in mammalian oocytes proceeds up to the diplotene or dictiate
stage of the first prophase and stay at this phase before lh surge ( hubbard & terranova , 1982 ; dutta et al . , 2016 ) .
during growth phase of the
follicle , the oocyte remains the arrested condition at prophase i. at this tim... | abstractintact germinal vesicle ( gv ) arrest and release are essential for maintaining the
fertility of mammals inducing human .
intact germinal vesicle release , maturation
of oocytes is maintained by very complex procedures along with folliculogenesis
and is a critical step for embryonic development .
cycl... |
cardiomyopathies are difficult and complicated diseases of heart muscle associated with heart failure and/or sudden cardiac death , which are classified by the world health organization ( who ) in 1995 into four main forms ; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( hcm ) , dilated cardiomyopathy ( dcm ) , restrictive cardiomyopat... | genetic investigations of cardiomyopathy in the recent two decades have revealed a large number of mutations in the genes encoding sarcomeric proteins as a cause of inherited hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( hcm ) , dilated cardiomyopathy ( dcm ) , or restrictive cardiomyopathy ( rcm ) .
most functional analyses of the ... |
in tissue engineering research , it is necessary to develop effective culture substrates for cells to facilitate regeneration of deficient tissue .
it has been shown that the environment surrounding cells has a significant effect on cell behavior .
the physical conditions of any scaffold to which cells adhere are a... | we investigated the suitability of ferric - ion - cross - linked alginates ( fe - alginate ) with various proportions of l - guluronic acid ( g ) and d - mannuronic acid ( m ) residues as a culture substrate for human dermal fibroblasts .
high - g and high - m fe - alginate gels showed comparable efficacy in promotin... |
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ( g6pd ) deficiency is one of the most common hereditary hemolytic disorders in human , affecting around 400 million people worldwide .
the majority of deficient individuals live in tropical and subtropical regions where malaria is still endemic or has been eradicated only recently .... | glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ( g6pd ) deficiency is one of the most common hereditary enzymatic disorders in human , increases the vulnerability of erythrocytes to oxidative stress .
it is also characterized by remarkable molecular and biochemical heterogeneity .
according to previous investigations , g6pd cos... |
two days after the onset of fever , vomiting , and diarrhea , a 10-month - old previously healthy boy was admitted with generalized tonic - clonic seizure .
brain ct , performed elsewhere , revealed the presence of symmetric low - density thalamic lesions . on admission
conventional brain mr images obtained using a... | in this report , we describe the findings of diffusion mr imaging and proton mr spectroscopy in two infants with acute necrotizing encephalopathy in which there was characteristic symmetrical involvement of the thalami .
diffusion mr images of the lesions showed that the observed apparent diffusion coefficient ( adc ... |
in past three decades , minimal access and minimally invasive techniques have been firmly established in the field of surgery .
though , initially it was restricted to abdominal and gynaecological surgeries , minimal access techniques have been employed in sub specialities in the latter period . similarly , thyroidec... | introduction : a range of minimally invasive endoscopic techniques ( gas dependent and gasless ) have been attempted for thyroidectomy in the past two decades . in this context
, we evaluated the feasibility and safety of our technique of a gasless trans - axillary thyroidectomy.material and methods : this retrospect... |
different cystic lesions may occur both in the brain parenchyma and in the ventricular system , alone or in association to hydrocephalus .
these include porencephalic cysts , ependymal cysts , cysts arising from a defect in the hemispheric cleavage and from the choroid plexus ( 1 ) .
they are typically small and as... | choroid plexus cysts ( cpcs ) are the most commom neuroepithelial cysts , occuring in more than 50% of some autopsy series .
they are typically small and asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally in older patients , usually in the trigone of the lateral ventricle .
symptomatic cpcs ( usually exceptionally large ... |
pulmonary tuberculosis is divided into primary and post - primary types according to pathogenic and radiological features .
pleural involvement is generally seen in the form of a pleural effusion , which can be a component of both primary and post - primary tuberculosis .
empyema , residual pleural thickening and c... | tuberculous involvement of the pleura usually presents as pleural effusion , empyema or pleural thickening .
pleural tuberculosis presenting with multiple masses without parenchymal involvement or lymphadenopathy has been reported rarely in the english literature .
we report a case of a 68-year - old male with unil... |
age - related macular degeneration ( amd ) is a progressive disease characterized by the degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium ( rpe ) and photoreceptor atrophy in the macula [ 1 , 2 ] .
recently , the inflammasome , a multimeric protein consisting of nod - like receptor ( nlr ) , apoptosis - associated speck - ... | purpose . to investigate how multipotent retinal stem cells ( rscs ) isolated from mice respond to the proinflammatory signaling molecules , il-1 , il-18 , and il-17a .
materials and methods .
rscs were cultured in a specific culture medium and were treated with these cytokines .
cell viability was detected by mt... |
it is generally whitish , yellowish , or greenish vaginal discharge in females that might be normal or a symptom of infection .
it is almost mucus discharge , which exhibit exfoliation of vaginal epithelial cells due to estrogen influence on the vaginal mucosa .
leucorrhea is a well - known disease in iranian tradi... | background : leucorrhea or vaginal discharge is a conventional complaint . it is generally whitish , yellowish , or greenish vaginal discharge in females that might be normal or a symptom of infection . it is almost mucus discharge , which exhibit exfoliation of vaginal epithelial cells due to estrogen influence on the... |
the babydiab study examined the natural history of islet autoimmunity in children of patients with type 1 diabetes ( 8) . families were eligible if one or both parents had type 1 diabetes .
venous blood samples were obtained from children at study visits scheduled at age 9 months and 2 , 5 , 8 , 11 , 14 , 17 , and 20... | objectivegenome - wide association studies have identified gene regions associated with the development of type 1 diabetes .
the aim of this study was to determine whether these associations are with the development of autoimmunity and/or progression to diabetes.research design and methodschildren ( n = 1,650 ) of pa... |
cystic fibrosis ( cf ) or mucoviscidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disorder where the primary cause of morbidity and mortality is pulmonary destruction , characterized by chronic inflammation , bacterial colonization and frequent exacerbations ( 1 , 2 ) .
cf is an autosomal - recesive disease caused by mutations ... | aim : the aim of this study is to present the first total number of tested children in the federation of bosnia and herzegovina and the number of children with positive sweat test . during the study we determined the number of ill children , the median age of children with cystic fibrosis , date of initial diagnosis , ... |
dna and rna nucleobases contain the genetic
information of all
living cells and play a vital role in the development and functioning
of all known living organisms . because of their importance in maintaining
the genome integrity during cell replication , increasing attention
continues to be devoted to underst... | using a nonempirically tuned range - separated dft approach ,
we study
both the quasiparticle properties ( homo lumo fundamental gaps )
and excitation energies of dna and rna nucleobases ( adenine , thymine ,
cytosine , guanine , and uracil ) .
our calculations demonstrate that
a physically motivated , fir... |
congenital lip pits are malformations that occur on the paramedial portion of the vermilion border of the lip .
if it occurs along with cleft lip and palate , it is termed as vander woude 's syndrome .
the other anomalies which may or may not be associated with syndrome are hypodontia , hypoplasia , ankyloglossia ,... | one of the most common developmental defects seen in south india is cleft lip and palate . among them
a few are associated with lip pits and termed as vander woude 's syndrome .
the early diagnosis of this rare syndrome is very necessary followed by a multidisciplinary approach .
it is also necessary to different... |
prostate cancer ( pca ) , the most frequently diagnosed malignancy , has become the second leading cause of cancer - related deaths among men in western countries [ 1 , 2 ] .
endocrine therapies which aimed at inhibiting the androgen receptor ( ar ) function was the mainstay of treatment for advanced prostate cancer ... | background .
t393c polymorphism in the gene gnas1 , which encodes the g - protein alpha s subunit ( gs ) of heterotrimeric g protein , is significantly associated with the clinical outcome of patients suffering from several cancers .
however , studies on the role and protein expression of gs subunit in prostate can... |
ultra - high magnification endoscopy , also known as endocytoscopy ( ec ) or endomicroscopy , enables assessment of the muscularis propria ( mp ) or myenteric plexus in vivo through a submucosal tunnel 1
2
3 .
this technique is expected to be applicable for clinical use for the treatment of neuromuscular diseases... | background : the histopathology of the muscularis propria ( mp ) is unknown
in patients with achalasia . endocytoscopy ( ec ) was developed as an ultra - high
magnification endoscopy , and the submucosal tunnel created during peroral
endoscopic myotomy ( poem ) not only provides access to the mp but also enables ... |
cardiovascular diseases ( cvds ) are the leading cause of death worldwide composed of heart and blood vessel diseases . in the recent years , the incidence of cvds has been increasing at a sharp rate globally . according to the world health report 2010
, cvds contributed to 17.5 million deaths and these numbers are e... | cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) is one of the most severe diseases in clinics .
fibroblast growth factor 21 ( fgf21 ) is regarded as an important metabolic regulator playing a therapeutic role in diabetes and its complications .
the heart is a key target as well as a source of fgf21 which is involved in heart develo... |
strabismus , also referred to as squint , presents as a misalignment of the eyes .
strabismus is also a feature of several syndromes , such as congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles , duane retraction syndrome , and chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia .
population - based studies show that the familial... | backgroundthe etiology of strabismus has a genetic component .
our study aimed to localize the candidate causative gene mutant in a chinese family with strabismus and to describe its underlying etiology.material/methodsgenomic dna was extracted from the affected individual and his parents in a chinese pedigree with s... |
chronic hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) infection is a major worldwide cause of liver - related deaths , including those caused by cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma .
the eradication of hcv using interferon - based treatment improves liver - related mortality and reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma developmen... | following interferon - based therapy for chronic hepatitis c , the negativity of hepatitis c virus rna is essential to achieve viral clearance at the end of treatment .
we report a case of clearance of chronic hepatitis c virus infection following early discontinuation ( at 6 weeks ) of peginterferon plus ribavirin t... |
nondopaminergic and nonmotor symptoms of parkinson 's disease ( pd ) , which include psychiatric , autonomic , and gastrointestinal symptoms , are sometimes present before a diagnosis of pd and almost inevitably emerge with the disease progression .
in contrast to motor symptoms of pd , nonmotor symptoms have been po... | backgrounddementia is a new focus of research on improved treatment for parkinson 's disease ( pd ) . in 2007 , a screening tool for pd dementia ( pd - d ) was developed by the movement disorder society ( level i testing ) , which still requires verification by a large population study.methodswe conducted a cross - sec... |
we conducted a cross - sectional study among poultry farmers and cullers from 1 district in each of the 5 provinces ( chachoengsao , kanchanaburi , khon kaen , sukhothai , and suphanburi ) where outbreaks of avian influenza ( h5n1 ) among poultry and human infections had been confirmed since january 2004 ( figure ) . w... | in thai provinces where avian influenza outbreaks in poultry had been confirmed in the preceding 6 months , serum from 322 poultry farmers was tested for antibodies to avian influenza virus subtype h5n1 by microneutralization assay .
no study participant met the world health organization serologic criteria for confir... |
dental surfaces with pits and fissures are susceptible for dental caries . at the same time , the usual prevention measures against caries ( topical and systemic fluoride therapy ) have the lowest effects in these areas .
this advantage is enhanced through sealant strength in penetrating to the depth of the fissures ... | background and objectives : attempts to enhance bond strength of the sealant have been among the most important sides of dental research .
the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of using different rinsing angles on the micro - tensile bond strength of the sealant to the etched enamel.materials an... |
urine has now become one of the most attractive biological fluids in clinical proteomics [ 1 , 2 ] .
a number of urinary proteomic studies have been conducted and have revealed urinary biomarker candidates for renal systemic diseases and malignancies of urinary tract [ 35 ] .
proteomic analysis of urines can be app... | one possible factor determining recovery of trace amount of protein biomarker
candidates during proteome analyses could be adsorption on urine tubes .
this
issue , however , has not been well addressed so far .
recently , a new technical
device of su... |
cutis laxa is a rare connective tissue disorder , which may be inherited or acquired , and is characterized by progressive looseness of skin , associated with abnormalities of other organs and structures such as lung , vasculature or gastrointestinal tract as they contain elastic tissues .
the hereditary form of cuti... | cutis laxa is a rare disease that may be either inherited or acquired .
the acquired form is rarer than the inherited form .
pathogenesis of this disease is largely unknown .
two cases of acquired cutis laxa are reported here and neither of them had any systemic involvement or any history of drug intake .
one o... |
pierre robin sequence ( prs ) is the triad of glossoptosis , micrognathia , and cleft palate1 .
varying degrees of airway obstruction are a major problem that may be encountered in these patients . if left untreated , these airway obstructions can lead to acute and chronic hypoxia , apnea , cyanosis , aspirations , r... | patients with pierre robin sequence exhibit varying degrees of airway obstruction and feeding difficulty . in some patients
, airway obstruction may be profound , warranting surgical intervention to maintain a patent airway .
the purpose of this article is to highlight the advantages of the tongue - lip adhesion pr... |
the research sample consisted of 40 individuals with asd who referred to forensic medicine centers of mazandaran province and 40 individuals with war - related ptsd following displacement after iran - iraq war who referred to clinical centers of mazandaran province .
then , 40 individuals who had the experience of tr... | objectivethe purpose of the present study was to compare response inhibition and cognitive appraisal in clients with acute stress disorder , clients with posttraumatic stress disorder , and normal individuals.methodthis was a comparative study .
the sample consisted of 40 clients with acute stress disorder , 40 patie... |
cord blood is currently used as a source of hematopoietic stem cells ( hscs ) to treat a variety of malignant and nonmalignant hematologic disorders [ 15 ] .
its utilization has expanded beyond the pediatric field thanks to several favorable factors , including ease of collection , prompt availability , absence of ri... | background . despite advancements in comprehension of molecular mechanisms governing bone marrow ( bm )
homing of hematopoietic stem cells , cord blood transplant ( cbt ) suffers from a slow rate of hematopoietic recovery .
intrabone ( ib ) injection has been proposed as a method able to improve speed of bm engraft... |
infection is one of the major complications of total knee arthroplasty ( tka ) that can be best treated with two - stage revision arthroplasty1,2 ) .
however , the use of non - articulating spacers , such as bead spacers and static block spacers , in two - stage revision has been associated with undesirable side effe... | purposeto evaluate clinical results of two - stage revision using a modified articulating spacer for treatment of infected total knee arthroplasty ( tka).materials and methodswe retrospectively reviewed 20 cases treated by two - stage revision arthroplasty using a modified articulating spacer under the diagnosis of inf... |
the purpose of this article is to report on the opening plenary session of the association of chiropractic colleges educational conference research agenda conference ( acc - rac ) 2014 , aiming for effective change : leadership in chiropractic education , research and clinical practice .
speakers with extensive bac... | objectivethe purpose of this article is to report on the opening plenary session of the association of chiropractic colleges educational conference research agenda conference ( acc - rac ) 2014 , aiming for effective change : leadership in chiropractic education , research and clinical practice.discussionspeakers wit... |
transurethral resection of the prostate ( turp ) is considered the best option for treating benign prostatic enlargement ( bpe ) ; however , it is associated with significant bleeding . in recent years
, we have seen a gradual increase in life expectancy and , particularly in more developed countries , an increased i... | purposethulium vaporesection of the prostate ( thuvarp ) is a new and safe approach for patients receiving anticoagulant therapy in whom transurethral resection of the prostate ( turp ) may possess a high bleeding risk .
we aimed to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of thuvarp in patients receiving oral antiplatele... |
catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia ( cpvt ) is an inherited arrhythmogenic disease that can cause syncope or sudden cardiac death during emotional or physical stress in the absence of detectable structural heart disease and a prolonged qt interval on an electrocardiogram ( ecg ) .
mutations in two ... | a 16-year - old male with a prior history of recurrent syncope was referred to our hospital after being resuscitated from cardiac arrest developed while playing volleyball .
his electrocardiogram ( ecg ) demonstrated ventricular fibrillation at a local emergency department .
after referral , an ecg showed bidirecti... |
in molecular biology , the comparative analysis of organisms exhibiting different phenotypes is still mostly performed on the level of genes . however , many genes encode proteins that are involved in complex metabolic pathways , whose functions result from the interplay of all involved enzymes . so to understand the p... | in order to understand the phenotype of any living system , it is essential to not only investigate its genes , but also the specific metabolic pathway variant of the organism of interest , ideally in comparison with other organisms .
the comparative pathway analyzer , cpa , calculates and displays the differences in... |
diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia which often leads to nerve injury probably through the induction of systemic and neuronal oxidative stress ( 1 , 2 ) .
it has been shown that high glucose ( hg ) induces oxidative stress and cell death via nadph oxidase dependent generatio... | in the present work we set out to investigate the neuroprotective effects of noscapine ( 0.5 - 2 m ) in presence of d - glucose on primary murine foetal cortical neurons after oxygen
glucose deprivation/24 h. recovery .
cell viability , nitric oxide production and intracellular calcium ( ( ca2+)i ) levels were eval... |
there is ample evidence showing that 711% of hcv - infected children and adult individuals have thyroid dysfunction , mainly subclinical hypothyroidism , prior to the initiation of treatment [ 1 , 2 ] .
the association between autoimmune thyroiditis in hcv - infected patients , in particular in subjects with hcv - re... | hcv - ag - specific th17 cells secrete il17 , a cytokine involved in autoimmune diseases and regulated by il10 and tgf - b .
512% of patients with chronic hcv infection have hypothyroidism .
we evaluated the role of these cytokines in this patients by determining serum concentration of tsh , t3 , free t4 , il2 , il... |
eight adult cats weighing between 2.9 and 4.4 ( mean , 3.9 ) kg were used in this study .
each animal was anesthetized with 5% halothane administered through an endotracheal tube by a mechanical ventilator ( mini-7 ; royal medical , seoul , korea ) .
pancuronium bromide ( panslan ; reyon pharmaceutical , seoul , ko... | objectiveto identify and evaluate the lateral border zone by comparing the size and distribution of the abnormal signal area demonstrated by mr imaging with the infarct area revealed by pathological examination in a reperfused myocardial infarction cat model.materials and methodsin eight cats , the left anterior descen... |
enhancing the coupling of light and matter at the level of a few photons is one of the challenges inevitable in fundamental research in quantum optics .
it is likewise important in applications related to quantum information processing and quantum communication . without any advanced measures the coupling of light an... | we review recent experimental advances in the field of efficient coupling of single atoms and light in free space .
furthermore , a comparison of efficient free space coupling and strong coupling in cavity quantum electrodynamics ( qed ) is given .
free space coupling does not allow for observing oscillatory exchan... |
deep vein thrombosis , ischemic stroke , and pulmonary embolism are manifestations of the same disease process , summed up over 100 years ago by rudolph virchow.1 his hypothesis that thrombosis was the result of the interaction of the three factors stasis of blood flow , hypercoagulability of the blood , and damage to... | atrial fibrillation ( af ) continues to be a leading cause of cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality resulting from cardioembolic stroke .
oral anticoagulation therapy has been shown to decrease the incidence of cardioembolic stroke in patients with af by more than 50% .
appropriate use of anticoagulation with vit... |
grip was a prospective , nonrandomized , open - label phase iv study performed in 55 centers in 9 countries ( germany [ 18 centers ] , italy , spain , austria , switzerland , canada , australia , south korea , and thailand ) .
the primary objective was to assess the magnitude of potential risk of developing nsf after... | objectivethe aim of this study was to assess the potential risk of gadobutrol - enhanced magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) in patients with moderate to severe renal impairment for the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis ( nsf).materials and methodswe performed a prospective , international , multicenter , ope... |
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