article stringlengths 0 826k | abstract stringlengths 174 4.34k |
|---|---|
the treatment of complicated crown - root fractures in many cases is compromised by tooth fractures that are well below the gingival margin or bone . after root canal obturation ,
proper isolation for a dry operation field is critical for successful restoration of traumatized teeth . in this respect ,
a wide range ... | this case report presents a 32 year old male with an oblique fractured maxillary right central incisor . the procedure used to repair the fracture included flap surgery with an intrasulcular incision and endodontic treatment .
the root canal was filled with a root canal sealer and gutta - percha .
after root canal ... |
mice with lesch - nyhan syndrome interpret all information as aggression , to which they respond by defensive aggression . in this x - chromosome
linked recessive syndrome , there is a deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthlne guanine phosphorlbosyl transferase ( hprt ) , which does not degrade uric acid properly . in th... | the insights of ethologythe science of animal behavior from a biological and psychological point of viewwere incorporated in the 1950s by the british developmental psychiatrist , john bowlby , into his attachment theory which argued that a secure affective base in infancy was critical to the normal development of perce... |
advances in 3d printing technology have made their applications in biomedical sciences a cost effective option in designing customized solutions . among the different techniques of 3d printing technology , stereolithography
is currently recognized to be one of the most common and accurate rapid prototyping techniques... | abstract
background : advances in rapid - prototyping and 3d printing technologies have enhanced the possibilities in preparing designed architectures for tissue engineering applications . a major advantage in custom designing is the ability to create structures with desired mechanical properties . while the behaviou... |
treatment with a cardiac implantable electronic device ( cied ) , including a permanent pacemaker ( ppm ) or implantable cardioverter
an icd is needed not only to rescue survivors of life - threating ventricular arrhythmias , but is also first - line primary prevention to save patients with marked cardiac dysfunction... | along with the increased frequency of implantation , the incidence of cardiac implantable electronic device ( cied ) infection , which can have serious or fatal complications , has also increased .
although several successful conservative therapies for cied infection have been reported , retained infected devices rem... |
we obtained data regarding temporal trends in fri incidence from military sentinel surveillance , which has been monitoring weekly fri rates since october 2011 .
monthly numbers of patients with pneumonia ( inpatients , outpatients , and emergency room patients ) were extracted from a computerized data warehouse that... | an outbreak of febrile respiratory illness associated with human adenovirus ( hadv ) occurred in the south korea military during the 201415 influenza season and thereafter . molecular typing and phylogenetic analysis of patient samples identified hadv type 55 as the causative agent .
emergence of this novel hadv nece... |
subdural hygroma is a subdural body of cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) collection , without blood .
they can be caused by leakage of csf following minor trauma in the setting of cerebral atrophy , following meningitis in children or more commonly after ventricular shunting .
however , some of them can be large and caus... | subdural hygroma is the collection of cerebrospinal fluid in the subdural space .
most often these resolve spontaneously .
however , in cases with neurological complications surgical drainage may be needed .
we here , present the case of an 8-year - old boy with post meningitis subdural hygroma .
99mtc - ehylen... |
the ability of the immune system to keep tolerance to commensals while remaining capable of responding to injury or infection with pathogenic microorganisms is essential for tissue homeostasis .
any disturbances in this balance either by genetic , environmental , or infectious causes can lead to chronic inflammatory ... | dendritic cells present in the digestive tract are constantly exposed to environmental antigens , commensal flora , and invading pathogens . under steady - state conditions ,
these cells have high tolerogenic potential , triggering differentiation of regulatory t cells to protect the host from unwanted proinflammator... |
they have multifactorial etiologies , mainly related to genetic and environmental factors . a growing body of evidence exists about the early life origins of chronic diseases , and the tracking of cvd risk factors from childhood into adulthood .
it is well - documented that high concentration of total cholesterol ( t... | background : different viewpoints exist about lipid screening in all children or only in children with positive family history ( fh ) of premature cardiovascular diseases ( cvds ) or hypercholesterolemia .
this systematic review and meta - analysis aim to assess the effectiveness of lipid screening in children and ad... |
the one of the principal reforms of health system in federation of bosnia and herzegovina ( fbih ) is focused on strengthening of primary health care and rationalization of hospital care ( 1 ) . in spite of numerous criteria on how to differ rural or urban areas ,
studies worldwide refer to differences in health , as... | aim : to determine the rural urban differences in primary care practice , hospital inpatient care and total services.methods:this cross - sectional study used data from zenica - doboj canton in federation of bosnia and herzegovina ( fbih ) .
the overall sample size for the study was 1,995 .
individual interviews w... |
adolescents are perhaps the most important group in a society , and given their size and characteristics , majority are exposed early to unplanned and unprotected sexual intercourse leading to unwanted pregnancy and sometimes unsafe abortions . vast majority of these young individuals are going through their reproducti... | background and objective : risky sexual activity among adolescents is on the increase and contraceptive prevalence rate is low which is evidenced by high rate of teenage pregnancy in bayelsa state , nigeria .
this study assesses the adolescents knowledge , attitude and utilization of emergency contraceptive pills ( e... |
a 17-year - old boy sustained blunt trauma from a tennis ball to his left eye , 5 h before examination . only hand movements were perceivable and projection of light rays was accurate .
clinically , a full - thickness mh , sized 415 m , with coexistent macular detachment of height 458 m on optical coherence tomograph... | the association of macular detachment with posttraumatic macular hole is a known but rare occurrence . spontaneously occurring resolution of the detachment and closure of the macular hole
has been reported only once in the literature .
we describe a similar rare event in a young male , the documentation of which wa... |
traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) accounts for more than one million admissions to emergency centers leading to more than 50,000 deaths as well as millions disabilities annually in the world .
both genders and different age subgroups can be affected by this problem with different mechanisms .
due to the necessity for ... | aim : the present study was carried out to examine this hypothesis that administration of selenium can prevent the development of injuries by brain trauma and thus can modulate patients functional recovery and also improve posttraumatic outcome.materials and methods : this double - blinded controlled trial was carried ... |
in the past decade , geographic information systems ( gis ) have become an innovative and somewhat crucial tool for analysing relationships between public health data and environment . according to longley et al .
( 2005 ) , a gis is an application - led technology , which can be used , in this instance , for monitor... | summaryintroduction.geographic information systems ( gis ) have become an innovative and somewhat crucial tool for analyzing relationships between public health data and environment .
this study , though focusing on a local health unit of northeastern italy , could be taken as a benchmark for developing a standardize... |
cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation ( pvi ) has emerged as an alternative to radiofrequency pvi in the treatment of drugresistant atrial fibrillation ( af ) .
cryoballoon pvi , compared with radiofrequency pvi , offers potential advantages , including shorter procedure times,1 , 2 , 3 decreased hospital length of st... | backgroundcryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation ( pvi ) has emerged as an alternative to radiofrequency pvi for atrial fibrillation ( af ) .
data are lacking to define the rates and predictors of complications , particularly phrenic nerve injury ( pni).methods and resultswe evaluated a singlecenter prospective registr... |
trans fatty acids ( tfas ) are created from vegetable oils through hydrogenation . in the trans configuration ,
the carbon chain extends from opposite sides of the double bond , rendering a straight molecule .
elaidic acid ( ea ; c18:1 ) is the principal tfa often found in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils , ma... | to investigate the effects of a dam 's dietary elaidic acid ( ea ) intake during pregnancy and lactation on the fatty acid composition of plasma , erythrocyte membrane , and brain in rat pups , we fed two groups of dams either a soybean oil diet ( sod ) or a shortening diet ( shd ) containing soybean oil ( 10% ) or sho... |
age - related macular degeneration ( amd ) is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in western countries among people aged 50 years and older .
the prevalence of amd in various european countries ( norway , estonia , united kingdom , france , italy , greece , and spain ) was 3.32% with the of geograp... | oxidative stress is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of age - related macular degeneration ( amd ) .
we determined the extent of oxidative dna damage and the kinetics of its removal as well as the genotypes of the ser326cys polymorphism of the hogg1 gene in lymphocytes of 30 wet amd patients and 30 controls... |
advances in biological and medical research and their translation into diagnostic , prognostic and therapeutic tools are relying increasingly on partnerships between the academic ( government and university ) and industrial ( biotechnology , pharmacy and technology ) sectors , with essential participation and support f... | to help overcome the bottlenecks that limit the development of diagnostic and therapeutic products , academic and industrial researchers , patient organizations and charities , and regulatory and funding institutions should redefine the basis for sharing the knowledge collected in large - scale clinical and experimenta... |
dilatation of pulmonary arteries is a well - known clinical entity commonly encountered in many congenital and acquired heart lesions .
idiopathic dilatation of pulmonary arteries ( idpa ) was first recognized as a benign anomaly in 1923 by wessler and jaches .
the incidence of this disease is 6 cases per 1000 case... | idiopathic dilatation of pulmonary arteries ( idpa ) is a rare abnormality of pulmonary arteries , the reported incidence in literature being as low as 0.007% in autopsy samples . with the improvement in diagnostic modalities ,
antemortem diagnosis of idpa has been increasingly established by excluding diseases that ... |
after the tuberculosis agent was discovered by robert koch in 1882 , it was hoped that the disease would be controlled and eradicated .
unfortunately , more than a century has passed since the discovery and tb still claims lives across the world ( 1 ) .
world health organization ( who ) declared tb as urgency in 19... | abstractbackgroundthe present study aimed to explore some risk factors affected the mean of the number of tuberculosis ( tb ) in west azerbaijan province , iran between 2001 and 2010.methodsour time series study analyzed the data of 2,560 tb patients as registered with tb patients care system in west azerbaijan provinc... |
subclavian route for insertion of central venous catheters ( cvcs ) is commonly employed in critically ill patients requiring long - term central venous access as it has a lower risk of infection and has better patient comfort .
misplacement of cvc tip can rarely cause erosion of the catheter through the right atrium... | background and aims : subclavian central venous catheterisation ( cvc ) is employed in critically ill patients requiring long - term central venous access .
there is no gold standard for estimating their depth of insertion . in this study
, we compared the landmark topographic method with the formula technique for ... |
missile injuries of the anterior skull base usually occur during war or warlike situations ; however , in the united states , > 100 americans die by suicide on an average day , and 50 of these suicides involve the use of firearms.1 the anterior skull base is the most common region of the skull base injured by a cran... | objectives to describe two cases of cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) leak repair after gunshot wound to the head .
design retrospective review of two cases .
settings a large regional tertiary care facility .
participants two patients with gunshot wounds to the skull base .
main outcome measures preoperative an... |
the non - invasive risk assessment of life - threatening ventricular arrhythmia is of great clinical importance , especially in the prevention of sudden cardiac death ( scd ) in patients after myocardial infarction ( mi ) .
although there currently exist many noninvasive parameters quantifying the depolarization and ... | summarybackgroundthe effective screening of myocardial infarction ( mi ) patients threatened by ventricular tachycardia ( vt ) is an important issue in clinical practice , especially in the process of implantable cardioverter - defibrillator ( icd ) therapy recommendation .
this study proposes new parameters describi... |
hyaluronic acid ( ha ) is a linear polymer of glucuronic acid and n - acetylglucosamine disaccharide .
the main function of ha includes tissue healing including activation and moderation of the inflammatory responses , promotion of cell proliferation , migration , and angiogenesis .
ha is a hygroscopic macromolecul... | hyaluronic acid is a hygroscopic macromolecule formed by the polymerisation of glucuronic acid and n - acetylglucosamine disaccharide .
it is a primary component of the extracellular matrix in various body tissues .
ihe use of topical hyaluronic acid in the treatment of oral ulcers has been recently reported .
th... |
retaining patients with human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) in medical care after initiation of effective antiretroviral therapy ( art ) is essential for successful hiv treatment .
once patients are initiating art , high levels of adherence to treatment are required to achieve sustained hiv suppression and to reduce... | poor retention in care ( ric ) is associated with higher antiretroviral therapy ( art ) failure and worse survival . identifying high risk patients for poor ric
is important for targeted intervention .
a retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in korea .
hiv - infected patients initia... |
postpartum hemorrhage ( pph ) is a life - threatening obstetric emergency that occurs after caesarean section ( cs ) or normal vaginal delivery ( nvd ) .
it may be defined as 500 ml hemorrhage after vaginal or 1000 ml hemorrhage after cs delivery [ 13 ] .
pph is one of the most common obstetric maternal complicat... | postpartum hemorrhage ( pph ) is the commonest cause of maternal death worldwide .
studies suggest that the use of misoprostol may be beneficial in clinical settings where oxytocin is unavailable .
the aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of oxytocin and misoprostol when used in the prevention o... |
satisfactory bonding to enamel can be achieved using the acid - etching technique , but dentine bonding is more difficult to achieve due to the wet tubular structure , permeability properties , and organic composition of dentinal substrate .
recently there has been increasing interest in the incorporation of fillers ... | in this laboratory study shear bond strengths of three filled and one unfilled adhesive systems to enamel and dentine were compared .
forty - eight extracted intact noncarious human mandibular molars were randomly assigned to two groups of 24 one for bonding to enamel and the other for bonding to dentine .
buccal a... |
between 1960 and 1981 , the national cancer institute ( nci ) and the u.s .
department of agriculture ( usda ) collaborated on a plant screening program that collected and tested 115,000 extracts from 15,000 species of plants to identify naturally occurring compounds with anticancer activity .
samples from a single... | taxol ( generic name paclitaxel ) is a microtubule - stabilizing drug that is approved by the food and drug administration for the treatment of ovarian , breast , and lung cancer , as well as kaposi 's sarcoma .
it is used off - label to treat gastroesophageal , endometrial , cervical , prostate , and head and neck c... |
aspirin - exacerbated respiratory disease ( aerd ) is a syndrome characterized by chronic hyperplastic rhinosinusitis , nasal polyposis , asthma , and aspirin sensitivity , as described in 1922 by szczeklik et al .
[ 1 , 2 ] . the prevalence of aerd is variable ; stevenson and szczeklik reported in 2006 that aerd occ... | aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease ( aerd ) is characterized by chronic hyperplastic rhinosinusitis , nasal polyposis , asthma , and aspirin sensitivity .
the mechanisms which produce these manifestations of intolerance are not fully defined , current research focuses on cyclooxygenase 1 ( cox-1 ) inhibition , m... |
calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor ( ceot ) , a rare odontogenic neoplasm arising from odontogenic epithelium was first identified by thoma and goldman .
it was not until 1955 , however , that ceot was recognized as a separate entity by pindborg .
fifty - two percent of ceot are associated with a tooth impacte... | calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor ( ceot ) is a rare benign odontogenic neoplasm of the jaws , accounting for less than 3% of all odontogenic tumors .
it rarely extends into the maxillary sinus . till date , six cases involving maxillary sinus have been reported . in this paper , we report the seventh case of a... |
an elderly woman with a history of high blood pressure and hypercholesterolemia was admitted to the emergency room for suspected stroke due to abruptly starting vertigo , blurred vision and difficulties in speech .
neurological examination within 3 h from the symptom onset revealed high blood pressure ( 206/130 mm hg... | botulism is a muscle - paralyzing disease caused by neurotoxins ( types a
g ) produced by the bacteria clostridium botulinum . symptoms of food - borne botulism most commonly appear 1236 h after eating contaminated food , but the earliest neurological symptoms may in some cases start abruptly . here , we report the c... |
the discovery of coagulation factor xiii ( fxiii ) dates back to 1940s when a serum factor was found to make the fibrin clot insoluble in concentrated urea solution .
in 1960 , a case report demonstrated that the severe bleeding of a patient was due to the deficiency of fibrin stabilizing factor .
soon after this... | objective : to provide a comprehensive literature review on roles of coagulation factor xiii ( fxiii ) in coagulation , wound healing , neoplasm , bone metabolism , and pregnancy.data sources : all articles in pubmed with key words coagulation factor xiii , wound , leukemia , tumor , bone , and pregnancy with published... |
trimetazidine is well established in stable coronary artery diseasepreliminary evidence suggests that trimetazidine might be an effective drug in diabetic and non - diabetic patients with chronic heart failure and in those with peripheral artery diseasetrimetazidine has been generally well tolerated in clinical trials ... | trimetazidine is a cytoprotective drug whose cardiovascular effectiveness , especially in patients with stable ischemic heart disease , has been the source of much controversy in recent years ; some have gone so far as to treat the medication as a
placebo drug whose new side effects , such as parkinsonian symptoms , ... |
the major histocompatibility complex class i chain related a ( mica ) and micb molecules are ligands of nkg2d receptors on natural killer ( nk ) cells , gamma / delta t cells , nkt cells , and cd8a t cells , and mediate antitumor immune responses by stimulating innate and adaptive immune surveillance [ 13 ] .
several... | purposethe major histocompatibility complex class i related a ( mica ) and micb molecules are ligands of nkg2d receptors on natural killer cells , gamma / delta t cells , and cd8a t cells that mediate host antitumor immune response .
the role of mica - tm and micb c1_2_a alleles in patients with colorectal cancer has... |
a high number of patients survived from cerebrovascular accident ( cva ) suffer from sensory , motor , cognitive , and emotional disturbances causing limitations in daily functional activities ( 1 ) .
a new approach for the treatment of stroke patients has been developed by observing and imitating the movement of the... | background : considering the higher activity of mirror neuron system in females , they frequently have better performance in empathy , interpersonal sensitivity , and emotional recognition compared to males.objectives:the purpose of this study was to assess whether gender difference in neuroanatomy of the human mirror ... |
selenium is the 34th element on the periodic table and has chemical properties resembling those of sulfur ( 1 ) .
it is an essential micronutrient for animals and microorganisms , , used in the synthesis of the seleno - amino acids selenocysteine and selenomethionine ( 2,3 ) and also plays an essential dietary role i... | background and objective : selenium is essential for biological systems at low concentrations and toxic at higher levels .
heavy metals and metalloids such as selenium are major contaminants in 40% of hazardous waste sites . thus , bioremediation has been considered as an effective means of cleaning up of selenium - ... |
the descemet 's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty ( dsaek ) procedure is primarily used to treat corneal endothelial dystrophies , and more recently to treat endothelial failure in previous penetrating keratoplasty .
descemet 's membrane and endothelium are removed through a small incision and replaced wit... | purpose . to determine whether the rate of graft detachment in patients undergoing the dsaek procedure is influenced by the time elapsed between donor death and tissue implantation
. methods . data on procedure outcome and donor tissue for patients undergoing the dsaek procedure were reviewed .
data on time elapsed... |
following the approval of the study by institutional ethics committee , informed consent was obtained and 40 patients classified as american society of anesthesiologists physical status ( asa ) i ii scheduled for ent procedures were enrolled in this prospective study .
the surgical procedures involved were septoplas... | background : our objective was to examine the clinical properties of two anesthetic regimens , propofol target - controlled infusion ( tci ) , or desflurane using remifentanil tci under bispectral index ( bis ) guidance during ear , nose , and throat ( ent ) procedures.methods:forty consenting patients who scheduled fo... |
common skin tumors like basal- and squamous - cell carcinoma present a serious problem in modern medicine .
it is confirmed that a variety of biological consequences such as increases in skin cancer or cataract may result from the increased uv exposure due to ozone depletion and atmospheric ozone hole .
uv radiatio... | summarybackgroundcommon skin tumors like basal- and squamous - cell carcinoma present a serious problem in modern medicine .
exposure to ultraviolet solar radiation is the main cause of these lesions . since application of aldara and pdt
separately is well documented , we decided to use both methods together.the ai... |
over fourteen years ago , the concept of gray and green was first introduced by wright and lund as representing new awareness and call for increased scholarships at the intersection of environmental issues and the aging process [ 24 ] .
an important dimension of that original article was to bring more attention... | over fourteen years ago , the concept of gray and green was first introduced by wright and lund ( 2000 ) to represent a new awareness and a call for increased scholarship at the intersection of environmental issues and the aging process .
this review paper revisits that concept with a fresh perspective on the speci... |
botallo 's duct is a blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta during fetal development , and our knowledge of the pathophysiology of this duct is increasing steadily.1 clinically , patent da ( ductus arteriosus ) is often used synonymously with persistent da ' , and both are frequently abbreviated... | although the prophylactic administration of indomethacin in extremely low - birth weight infants reduces the frequency of patent ductus arteriosus and severe intraventricular hemorrhage , it does not appear to provide any long - term benefit in terms of survival without neurosensory and cognitive outcomes .
consideri... |
with approval from the oregon state university animal care and use committee ( animal care and use proposal no .
4329 ) , blood samples were collected from 92 horses being evaluated for medical conditions ( e.g. , anorexia , weight loss , lameness , administration of endoparasiticides and ectoparasiticides ) or befor... | ehrlichia sp . dna was amplified from 4 ehrlichia - seroreactive horses from mrida , nicaragua .
sequencing of 16s rdna , sodb , and groel genes indicated that the bacterium is most likely a novel ehrlichia species .
the tick vector and the potential for canine and human infection remain unknown . |
the data on the expression levels of human genes were taken from the gene expression atlas ( 35 ) .
the uniform platform for all tissues was affymetrix u95a . only probes that presented the characterized genes ( i.e. those with links to the refseq database ) were used , with signals from probes on the chip correspond... | the nucleosome formation potential of introns , intergenic spacers and exons of human genes is shown here to negatively correlate with among - tissues breadth of gene expression .
the nucleosome formation potential is also found to negatively correlate with the gc content of genomic sequences ; the slope of regressio... |
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( hcm ) is a common inherited cardiac disorder which is estimated to occur in one out of 500 patients within the general population .
an autosomal dominant mutation is found in approximately 5060% of cases , most frequently in genes that code for sarcomeric proteins .
these mutations oft... | aimshypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( hcm ) is a frequent cause of sudden cardiac death ( scd ) due to exercise - related ventricular arrhythmias ( erva ) ; however the pathological substrate is uncertain .
the aim was to determine the prevalence of erva and their relation with fibrosis as determined by cardiac magnetic ... |
genomics has the potential to provide an in depth understanding of the genetics , biochemistry , physiology , and pathogenesis of a microorganism .
furthermore comparative genomics , functional genomics , and related technologies , are helping to unravel the molecular basis of the pathogenesis , evolution , and pheno... | although best known for its ability to cause severe pneumonia in people whose immune defenses are weakened , legionella pneumophila and legionella longbeachae are two species of a large genus of bacteria that are ubiquitous in nature , where they parasitize protozoa .
adaptation to the host environment and exploitati... |
the kynurenine pathway is the main route for tryptophan metabolism , and kynurenic acid ( kyna ) is one of the biologically active metabolites in this pathway .
physiologically , the normal plasma kyna concentration ranges between 25 and 60 nmol / l [ 14 ] . several pathologic conditions such as inflammation , sepsis... | backgroundan increase in plasma kynurenic acid ( kyna ) concentration has been observed following surgery , inflammation , and cerebral pathologies .
the aim of the present study was to analyze the changes in plasma kyna concentration in patients undergoing carotid surgery ( cs).material / methodsadult patients under... |
the presentation of vasculitis is highly variable , with more severe cases resulting in hemorrhage , ischemia , or other complications depending on the degree of inflammation and to what extent the vascular architecture is compromised . for cutaneous vasculitis , up to 20% of cases are drug - induced with histology dem... | many cases of cutaneous vasculitis are drug - induced with histology revealing leukocytoclastic vasculitis ( lcv ) .
we present a case of levofloxacin - associated lcv successfully treated with prednisone and cessation of the offending drug .
although case reports describe a link between lcv and older fluoroquinolo... |
fragment screening has become an increasingly
important technique in early stage drug discovery . occupying the chemical space that is commonly described
by the rule - of - three ( ro3 ) criteria of physicochemical
properties , fragment - like molecules are
smaller in size than lead - like and drug - like mole... | analyzing
the chemical space coverage in commercial fragment screening collections
revealed the overlap between bioactive medicinal chemistry substructures
and rule - of - three compliant fragments is only 25% .
we recommend
including these fragments in fragment screening libraries to maximize
confidence in... |
low back pain ( lbp ) is a major public health problem all over the industrial countries and is one of the leading causes for sick leave and disability .
in addition , it was recommended that fitness programs and advice to stay active can reduce pain , improve function , and can prevent lbp becoming chronic .
the c... | background : call - center operators are exposed to working conditions that indicate an increased risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders . nevertheless , there are few studies regarding health and working condition in call - center operators .
thus , this study was designed to investigate the physical activity ... |
traumatic spinal cord injury ( sci ) often leads to serious neurological sequelae and medical complications .
the secondary damage following sci is induced by multiple pathophysiological mechanisms , including vascular perturbation , metabolic failure , ionic dysregulation , and celluar excitotoxicity7,10 ) .
these... | objectivethe purpose of this study is to evaluate neuroprotective effect of sacral neuromodulation in rat spinal cord injury ( sci ) model in the histological and functional aspects.methodstwenty-one female sprague dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups : the normal control group ( ctl , n=7 ) , the sci with s... |
during the past 35 years , health technology assessment ( hta ) has been utilized in industrialized countries such as usa , canada and europe .
a wonderful transformation has occurred in health decision in various countries such as sweden , spain , france , england , and italy .
however hta is a new context in deve... | background : to provide an overview of the development of health technology assessment ( hta ) in iran since 2007 , and to facilitate further development of hta and its integration into policy making.methods:data of this study were collected through key documents ( e.g. literature , laws , and other official documentat... |
stress is a normal physical response to events that make a person feel threatened or upset their balance in some way . when danger is sensed whether it s real or imagined the body s defenses kick into high gear in a rapid , automatic process known as the fight - or - flight reaction , or the stress response .
as ... | because of the complex causal factors leading to depression , epigenetics is of considerable interest for the understanding effect of stress in depression .
dopamine is a key neurotransmitter important in many physiological functions , including motor control , mood , and the reward pathway .
these factors lead man... |
more than a billion people around the world are overweight , and approximately 300 million are obese.1 obesity is considered an important independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease ( cvd)24 and mortality.5 several pathophysiological mechanisms may explain the strong association between obesit... | objectives : to determine if there are differences in cardiac vagal tone values in non - obese healthy , adult men with and without unfavorable anthropometric characteristics.introduction:it is well established that obesity reduces cardiac vagal tone . however , it remains unknown if decreases in cardiac vagal tone can... |
different minimally invasive approaches have been described in order to treat ureteropelvic junction obstruction ( upjo ) with several advantages that include reduced postoperative pain 1 , shorter convalescence and minimal disfigurement . among minimally invasive approaches ,
however , reported success rates vary ar... | this study aims firstly to assess the most adequate surgical approach for the creation of an ureteropelvic juntion obstruction ( upjo ) animal model , and secondly to validate this model for laparoscopic pyeloplasty training among urologists.thirty six large white pigs ( 28.295.48 kg ) were used .
the left ureteropel... |
pathogenic bacteria have caused serious diseases and a lot of mortality in many nations , especially in the developing countries .
these agents usually spread quickly , and the most susceptibilities to them have been assigned to the immunocompromised persons , pregnant mothers , children , and older individuals ( 1 )... | background and objectives : bacterial resistance to antibiotics has motivated the researchers to evaluate the novel anti - bacterial compounds such as some thiazole and imidazole derivatives . thereby , in this work , we investigated the anti - bacterial effects of one new thiazole and two new imidazole derivatives on ... |
there is an increasing focus on the detection of preclinical dementia to optimize preventive and therapeutic strategies for this group of patients .
mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) is regarded as a risk factor or transitional state of dementia . to enable targeted interventions ,
it is of great importance to iden... | backgroundthe identification of patients with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) who are at high risk of conversion to dementia is a challenging clinical task . aims : to investigate whether simple cognitive screening tests can predict the conversion from mci to dementia and to study the impact of different patient char... |
derives from the greek word
gelos ( laughter ) and was introduced in 1957 by daly
and mulder .
it is used to name seizures characterized by sudden laughter
attacks , out of social context , without any particular emotion like joy or
happiness . in 1971 ,
gascon and lombroso suggested as diagnostic criteria ... | gelastic epilepsy or laughing seizures have been
historically related to children with hypothalamic hamartomas .
we report three
adult patients who had gelastic epilepsy , defined as the presence of seizures
with a prominent laugh component , including brain imaging , surface / invasive
electroencephalography... |
healthy lifestyle is defined as all kinds of human activities that maintain , strengthen , and restore health .
health education is a complex process during which students are taught to care for their own health and the health of society .
its main objective is to propagate knowledge about health itself , provide c... | reduction in the incidence of cancer can be achieved through appropriate health behaviors . we hypothesized that education would improve knowledge of cancer prevention , and this , in turn , will affect and individual s readiness to modify lifestyle .
the aim of this study was to assess the impact of cancer preventio... |
schizophrenia is a serious and neurodevelopmental disorder , which affects approximately 1% of the general population often - devastating effects such as psychological , social and financial skills .
schizophrenia can disturb memory , attention , thought and motivation of affected patients ( 1 ) .
twin concordance ... | background : caveolin is a multifunctional and scaffolding membrane protein , which involves cholesterol trafficking to plasma lipid microdomain .
it organizes and targets synaptic parts of the neurotransmitter and neurotrophic receptor signaling pathways .
caveolins are encoded by cav-1 , 2 and 3 genes .
disrupt... |
aortoesophageal fistula is a rare , devastating and usually fatal condition which has multiple aetiological factors . the first report , in 1818 , described the death of a 28-year - old soldier who exsanguinated after ingesting a beef bone fragment .
a comprehensive review , published by hollander and quick , which i... | aortoesophageal fistulas are a rare but commonly fatal complication of esophageal cancer
. reports of successfully managed cases are few , with high mortality and morbidity usually resulting from failure to control the initial massive haemodynamic insult .
we report the case of a 47-year - old caucasian man with re... |
different carbanionic nucleophiles can be reacted with -amido sulfones , affording a wide variety of amino derivatives [ 2 - 7 ] .
in addition , considerable research has been conducted on the reaction of nitrogen nucleophiles and ,-unsaturated carbonyls [ 8 - 11 ] .
heteronucleophiles as well as carbanionic reagen... | backgroundheteronucleophiles as well as carbanionic reagents can be used to react with -amido sulfones , thus giving the opportunity to prepare a large array of amino derivatives . since ,
novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol derivatives can serve as potent nucleophiles , we employed 5-subsititued phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2... |
q fever is caused by the small gram - negative intracellular bacterium , coxiella burnetii .
it is rare and there are approximately 40 cases reported annually in the united states .
chronic q fever is also rare , occurring in < 5% of persons with acute infection and most commonly occurs as infective endocarditis ( ... | chronic q fever caused by coxiella burnetii is uncommon in the united states and is most often associated with infective endocarditis .
we present a 52-year - old woman with a history of aortic valve replacement and rheumatoid arthritis treated with etanercept with chronic q fever manifesting as prosthetic valve infe... |
a 69-year - old female presented with the complaints of headache and pain in the left eye of one month duration .
she was a known patient of unilateral pseudoexfoliation glaucoma , who underwent manual small incision cataract surgery with mitomycin c ( 0.2 mg / ml for 2 min ) augmented trabeculectomy in her left eye ... | we report a case of blebitis that occurred 3 years later following a combined glaucoma and cataract surgery .
it was an atypical presentation , as patient had no classical fiery looking signs of blebitis despite the isolated organism being pseudomonas aeruginosa .
improvized surgical techniques like use of mitomyci... |
sleep bruxism has characteristically been defined by the american academy of sleep medicine as an oral activity characterized by grinding or clenching of the teeth during sleep , usually associated with sleep arousals ' .
although numerous investigations stress the assumption of a central causation , such as neuropa... | this study was conducted to verify the results of a preceding retrospective pilot study by means of a prospective controlled investigation including a larger sample size . therefore , the aim of this clinical investigation was to analyze the relationship between sleep bruxism and several functional and occlusal paramet... |
the incidence of acute hepatitis b ( hbv ) is largely reduced during the last 20 years as a result of the use of vaccination and routine blood donor screening 1 and , nowadays , in western countries , the risk of hbv infection is limited to sexual intercourses , intravenous drug users and , in a few cases , in patients... | treatment for acute hepatitis b is recommended in order to reduce the risk of progression to fulminant hepatitis and the need of olt .
we report our experience on treatment with high dose lamivudine , in patients with severe acute hbv infection .
the diagnosis was based on clinical and virological findings and excl... |
expecting a negative outcome from an intervention may give rise to the very occurrence of that outcome .
this phenomenon , called the nocebo effect , can be induced by conditioning , verbal suggestion,1,2 or , as recently shown , by social observation ; with student samples , two studies independently showed that o... | purposerecently , it has been shown that nocebo hyperalgesia can be acquired through observational learning .
the aim of this study was to investigate socially induced nocebo hyperalgesia and its relationship with pain catastrophizing , somatic complaints , hypochondriacal concerns , and empathy.participants and meth... |
comparison of dentine and bone in health and disease research on medical tissues in health and disease ( bone and osteoporosis ) is at least a magnitude more vivid than that in dentistry ( dentine and caries ) .
dental caries was the reason for the establishing the first dental school in baltimore , usa in the mid of... | abstractobjectivessearch in pubmed with keywords enzymes , dentinogenesis , and dental caries
revealed only 4 items , but when combined with enzymes , osteogenesis , and osteoporosis as high as 404 items resulted .
dental caries was associated with an order of magnitude fewer studies than the chronic bone diseas... |
termed first by bell in 1970 , cruciate paralysis is a rare neurological disease of the cervicomedullary junction .
cruciate paralysis often presents with bilateral paresis of the upper extremities while sparing the lower extremities .
patients may also present with difficulty breathing , cranial nerve deficits ,... | objective : cruciate paralysis is a rare , poorly understood condition of the upper craniovertebral junction that allows for selective paralysis of the upper extremities while sparing the lower extremities . reported cases are few and best treatment practices remain up for debate .
the purpose of this study was to co... |
chronic chylous ascites , associated with malignant obstructions in the lymphatic channel , does not usually cause acute abdominal pain .
that is , chyle extravasation into the peritoneal cavity is rarely associated with the sudden development of peritonitis ( 1 ) .
we present a case of acute chylous peritonitis in... | the extravasation of chyle into the peritoneal space usually does not accompany an abrupt onset of abdominal pain with symptoms and signs of peritonitis .
the rarity of this condition fails to reach preoperative diagnosis prior to laparotomy . here
, we introduce a case of chylous ascites that presented with acute ... |
the apelin peptides activate the class a rhodopsin - like g - protein - coupled receptor ( gpcr ) named apj.(1 ) apelinapj signaling has been demonstrated within the cardiovascular system , central nervous system , and adipoinsular axis ( as previously reviewed(2 ) ) , among other physiological settings .
apelin is a... | apelin is the peptidic ligand for the g - protein - coupled receptor apj .
the apelinapj system is important in cardiovascular regulation , fluid homeostasis , and angiogenesis , among other roles . in this study
, we investigate interactions between apelin and membrane - mimetic micelles of the detergents sodium d... |
we came across a neonate who presented with repeated chest infections and respiratory distress . on evaluation by ct
a full term female baby was born after an uneventful pregnancy . at 1 month of age ,
a plain radiograph of the chest showed increased opacification of the right lung with reduced lung volume , air br... | we report a rare case of esophageal lung in a neonate who presented with repeated chest infections and respiratory distress .
chest radiograph revealed increased opacification of the right lung with reduced lung volume and air bronchograms .
further evaluation with computed tomography ( ct ) showed the presence of ... |
we present the case of a 60-year - old female with a history of polycythemia , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) on home oxygen , and obesity who presented to the emergency room complaining of mild dyspnea on exertion that had been experienced for 3 days .
she denied any medical history , including autoi... | spontaneous coronary artery dissection is a poorly understood phenomenon that usually affects women during pregnancy or the immediate post - partum period .
we present the case of a 60-year - old female with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who presented with vague complaints of shortness of breath , dizziness ,... |
invasive fungal infections are a major problem in the neonatal intensive care unit ( nicu ) .
candida species are as the fourth most common cause of late - onset infections in the neonatal intensive care unit ( nicu ) and are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality .
about 12% of all neonatal infection... | objective / methods .
to determine the outcomes of invasive neonatal candidiasis before institution of routine antifungal prophylaxis , we conducted a retrospective review of cases of invasive candidiasis in newborns in a referral - based neonatal intensive care unit located in a single tertiary academic center betwe... |
trabeculectomy is a surgical glaucoma procedure that aims to lower the intraocular pressure ( iop ) by creating a fistula for aqueous drainage from the anterior chamber to the subtenon space .
lower iop will prevent further insult to the optic nerve and hence further visual field loss .
mitomycin c ( mmc ) is commo... | we demonstrated a noninvasive management of early bleb leak following trabeculectomy using cyanoacrylate tissue glue ( catg ) .
three patients who underwent augmented trabeculectomy with mitomycin c with early bleb leak between january 2009 and june 2010 were reviewed .
case 1 and case 2 exhibited bleb leak on post... |
understanding the toxicity of nanomaterials and nano - enabled products is important for human and environmental health and safety as well as public acceptance .
the scientific literature is a primary source of information about nanomaterial toxicology and thus plays a role in the emerging dialogue about the safety o... | understanding the toxicity of nanomaterials and nano - enabled products is important for human and environmental health and safety as well as public acceptance . assessing
the state of knowledge about nanotoxicology is an important step in promoting comprehensive understanding of the health and environmental implicat... |
genomics and related fields are becoming increasingly relevant in clinical practice for a wide variety of settings , including the deployment of next generation sequencing in specific scenarios .
however , the arrival of genomics to the bedside in its current state represents only the initial part of the translatio... | the dizzying pace of genomic discoveries is leading to an increasing number of clinical applications .
however , very little translational research is ongoing beyond bench to bedside to assess validity , utility , implementation and outcomes of such applications . here
we report cross sectional results of ongoing h... |
although hemorrhage into the thyroid gland is well recognized , massive bleeding into the thyroid gland after trauma is rare . given the anatomical location of the thyroid gland and the potential for airway compromise secondary to external compression , this is an issue that emergency physicians ( eps ) must not overlo... | a rare event of a fall causing delayed intrathyroidal hematoma and respiratory distress is reported here .
a 75-year - old woman with symptoms of vertigo causing syncope and fall 24 h earlier was seen and discharged from our emergency department after an unremarkable physical exam and 6-h observation period . within ... |
extracellular vesicles have received a great deal of attention during the last decade as a novel approach to detect diseases as messengers or mediators of disease pathophysiology .
the main classes of extracellular vesicles generally include exosomes , microvesicles / microparticles ( mps ) , and apoptotic bodies , w... | backgroundmicroparticles ( mps ) are small membrane vesicles of 0.11 m which are released by cells following chemical , physical , and apoptotic stimuli . mps represent more than a miniature version of the cell .
their composition and function depend not only on cellular origin , but also on stimuli .
chronic obstr... |
strategies to abrogate tgf- effects provide promising antifibrotic results , however , in vivo data regarding smad activation during fibrogenesis are scarce .
methods : here , liver fibrosis was assessed subsequent to bile duct ligation by determining liver enzymes in serum and collagen deposition in liver tissue ... | abstractbackground / aims : profibrogenic tgf- signaling in hepatic stellate cells is modulated during transdifferentiation .
strategies to abrogate tgf- effects provide promising antifibrotic results , however , in vivo data regarding smad activation during fibrogenesis are scarce .
methods : here , liver fibrosis... |
more than half of the world 's population in approximately 100 countries is exposed to malaria .
iran is situated in the eastern mediterranean region , where about 45% of the population live with the risk of both falciparum and vivax malaria .
countries of this region are situated in either afrotropical ( such as s... | backgroundrapid diagnosis and correct treatment of cases are the main objectives of control programs in malaria - endemic areas.methods and resultsto evaluate these criteria and in a comparative study , blood specimens were collected from 120 volunteers seeking care at the malaria health center in chahbahar district . ... |
atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac dysrhythmia , with a prevalence cited in the literature of 10% in individuals over the age of 80 [ 1 , 2 ] .
fibrillatory conduction of the atria results in blood stasis , formation of thrombotic clots , and an increased risk of thromboembolic events , such as stroke .
... | purpose . monitoring patients ' international normalized ratio ( inr ) within a family medicine setting can be challenging .
novel methods of doing this effectively and in a timely manner are important for patient care .
the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a pharmacist - led point - of -... |
malignant melanoma is a neoplastic disorder which results from the malignant transformation of natural melanocytes . during the neonatal period ,
these parts include the skin , meninges , mucous membranes , upper esophagus and the eyes . in all of these areas
its involvement is less than 3% of all malignant melanom... | backgroundanorectal melanoma is one of the rare but significant malignancies of the anorectal area .
this malignancy currently accounts for 1% of all types of melanoma and less than 1% of all the anorectal area malignancies .
very rare cases of this disease have been reported worldwide.anorectal melanoma is mostly ... |
although in 1835 , purkinje and valentin ( 1835 ) published the first treatise to include studies of mammalian cilia , the history of what may be considered modern research on mammalian cilia does not extend back more than a few years longer than the history of this journal .
motile mammalian cilia attracted the atte... | in the past half century , beginning with electron microscopic studies of 9 + 2 motile and 9 + 0 primary cilia , novel insights have been obtained regarding the structure and function of mammalian cilia .
all cilia can now be viewed as sensory cellular antennae that coordinate a large number of cellular signaling... |
hemolytic uremic syndrome ( hus ) is characterized by the triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia , thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure .
hus in children is most commonly caused by shiga - like toxin - producing escherichia coli ( stec ) , with pneumococcal - associated hus ( phus ) accounting for 5% of acqui... | pneumococcal - associated hemolytic uremic syndrome ( phus ) is a rare but severe complication of invasive streptococcus pneumoniae infection .
we report the case of a 12-year - old female with steroid - resistant nephrotic syndrome treated with adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( h.p .
acthar gel ) , who developed pneu... |
low back pain is a common disorder affecting 80% of people in their lives and one of the most common reasons to visit primary care physicians.1 - 3 ) it is often described as localized pain in the iliac crest area in patients with chronic back pain.4 ) it has been reported that 15% to 25% of pain in patients with pain ... | thoracolumbar junction syndrome is characterized by referred pain which may originate at the thoracolumbar junction , which extends from 12th thoracic vertebra to 2nd lumbar vertebra , due to functional abnormalities .
clinical manifestations include back pain , pseudo - visceral pain and pseudo - pain on the posteri... |
over the last twenty years , important progress in molecular biology and recombinant technologies has led to new applications and areas of research in the field of protein nmr .
the ability to produce , by recombinant technologies , pure , highly concentrated , and isotopically labeled samples has allowed both soluti... | abstractincorporation of myristic acid onto the n terminus of a protein is a crucial modification that promotes membrane binding and correct localization of important components of signaling pathways .
recombinant expression of nmyristoylated proteins in escherichia coli can be achieved by coexpressing yeast nmyrist... |
a major change associated with human aging is a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass ( smm ) , which is a downward spiral that may lead to decreased strength and function .
age - related decline in physical fitness is related to many problems in the elderly population . according to previous epidemiological st... | purposedecline in the number of teeth and physical fitness begins from 40 years of age ; however , several epidemiological studies have identified relationships between oral conditions and physical performance parameters in community - dwelling elderly population .
the aim of this study was to validate the relationsh... |
one fourth of cerebrovascular events are attributable to atherosclerotic carotid artery disease.1 large population - based studies indicate that the prevalence of carotid stenosis ranges from approximately 0.5% in individuals above the age of 60 and 10% in those above 80 years old ; however , stenosis remains asymptoma... | backgroundcarotid artery stenting is now used as an alternative to surgical endarterectomy .
this study was done to assess the feasibility , safety , and immediate and late clinical outcomes in patients undergoing carotid stenting.methodsbetween july 2008 and december 2009 , a total of 40 patients ( 20 male , mean ag... |
stroke is the most common chronic disease in the world , and the most important known cause for disability and reduction of independency and quality of life ( qol ) in adults .
as stroke causes lifelong complications in nervous system , it is counted as one of the common health problems .
about 5.5 million people d... | background : stroke is a stressful event with several functional , physical , psychological , social , and economic problems that affect individuals different living balances . with coping strategies , patients try to control these problems and return to their natural life .
the aim of this study is to investigate th... |
pesticides enhance economic potential through increased food and fiber production as well as through control of vector - borne diseases .
this ease of availability has resulted in a gradual increase in accidental and suicidal poisoning [ 14 ] . globally ,
each year , poisoning due to organophosphorus compounds is... | introduction . we investigated a cluster of pesticide poisoning in orissa .
methods .
we searched the village for cases of vomiting and sweating on 2 february 2008 .
we described the outbreak by time , place , and person .
we compared cases with controls .
results .
we identified 65 cases ( two deaths ; att... |
numerous studies have
revealed the importance of tams on tumor
growth and development .
they are present in both tumor stroma and nests , accounting for up to 50% of tumor mass .
tams contribute to tumor growth by producing stromal breakdown factors
and by suppressing adaptive immunity .
moreover ,
tams i... | tumor - associated
macrophages ( tams ) are increasingly considered
a viable target for tumor imaging and therapy .
previously , we reported
that innovative surface - functionalization of nanoparticles may help
target them to tams . in this report , using poly(lactic - co - glycolic ) acid ( plga ) nanopartic... |
we present a case of progressive interstitial fibrosis in a retired shipyard worker who was exposed to asbestos during the postwar era of the late 1940s and 1950s , when asbestos exposures in the workplace were not regulated .
forty years later , at 63 years of age , the patient presented with restrictive lung diseas... | |
alcoholism is one of the major health and social problems faced in developing countries . although there are various drugs , none of them proved to be efficacious in the long run owing to the cost , adverse effects and the inadequate compliance for the long term management of alcohol de - addiction . for naltrexone and... | aim : assessment of safety and efficacy profile of disulfiram ( dsm ) in the alcoholic de - addiction regimen.objectives:a .
assessment of adverse drug reaction ( adr ) profile ; b. evaluation of effectiveness of various deaddiction regimen ; c. defaulters and dropoutspatients and methods : fifty - one patients in a ... |
migration of physicians has become a prominent issue as a result of the increasing globalisation of the physician workforce .
the establishment of regional labour markets has provided a new legal framework governing the international movements of individuals .
such a framework may foster the free movement of physic... | backgroundin the face of rising demand for medical services due to ageing populations , physician migration flows are increasingly affecting the supply of physicians in organisation for economic co - operation and development ( oecd ) countries .
this paper offers an integrated perspective on the impact of physician ... |
the family of homer scaffolding proteins consists of three family members : homer1 , homer2 , and homer3 , with respective splice variants for each member .
these proteins are typically expressed in a concentrated fashion at post - synaptic densities , but have been ascribed with certain non - neuronal functions ( ba... | dynamic changes in somatosensory perception occur as a result of multiple signaling events . in many instances , over - activation of sensory receptors results in the desensitization and subsequent increased threshold for activation of receptors . in other cases ,
receptor sensitization can occur following tissue inj... |
human hydatid disease is caused by echinococcus granulosus , a cestode that is commonly lodged in the liver .
several endemic regions exist ; however , the disease may be observed anywhere in the world .
surgery remains the main modality of treatment , despite advances in medical and minimally invasive radiological... | objectives : the objectives of this study were to investigate the characteristics and outcome of patients with hydatid disease of the liver who were laparoscopically managed at our clinic and to define technical details including an effective method of omentoplasty with helical fasteners.methods:between january 1998 an... |
ethical issues ( including plagiarism , informed consent , misconduct , data fabrication and/or falsification , double publication and/or submission , redundancy , etc ) have been completely observed by the authors .
nurses have the responsibility that within their career limit , make decisions and act based on their... | nurses are ever - increasingly confronted with complex concerns in their practice . codes of ethics are fundamental guidance for nursing as many other professions . although there are authentic international codes of ethics for nurses , the national code would be the additional assistance provided for clinical nurses i... |
farming is one of the oldest industries in the world and often portrayed as a happy way of life . despite this , agriculture has one of the highest rates of suicides than any industry .
studies from canada , australia , united kingdom ( uk ) , and sri lanka have found high levels of distress and high suicide rate amo... | background : despite more than two decades since recognition of suicides by farmers in india , systematic studies comparing various risk factors are lacking .
this is major hurdle for the formulation of strategies for farmers ' suicide prevention.objective:to identify socioeconomic and psychological risk factors and ... |
up to now six codons have been known which are deciphered by the corresponding trnas as amino acids different from those assigned by the universal genetic code in animal mitochondria ( figure 1 ) .
uga termination codon in the universal genetic code is deciphered to trp in all animal mitochondria , aua ile to met in ... | in animal mitochondria , six codons have been known as nonuniversal genetic codes , which vary in the course of animal evolution .
they are uga ( termination codon in the universal genetic code changes to trp codon in all animal mitochondria ) , aua ( ile to met in most metazoan mitochondria ) , aaa ( lys to asn in e... |
india 's phenomenal economic growth during recent decades has yet to be matched by commensurate improvements in health care access and health .
india 's infant mortality rate of 41 per 1,000 live births and maternal mortality rate of 190 per 100,000 live births are still among the world 's highest1 , and widespread i... | in this review the existing evidence on the impact of rashtriya swasthya bima yojana ( rsby ) is discussed in the context of international literature available on health insurance .
we describe potential pathways through which health insurance can affect health and economic outcomes , discuss evidence from other deve... |
multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is a long - lasting disease typically affecting young adults characterized by the presence of multifocal inflammatory demyelinated plaques distributed over time and space within the central nervous system ( cns ) .
pathological features of ms include breakdown of the blood - brain barrier , ... | rehabilitation is recognized to be important in ameliorating motor and cognitive functions , reducing disease burden , and improving quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis ( ms ) . in this systematic review ,
we summarize the existing evidences that motor and cognitive rehabilitation may enhance function... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.