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the gluteus maximus ( gm ) plays a major role in functional activity as a trunk and hip extensor . weakness of the gm could cause dysfunction in the pelvic and hip joints and back pain1 . prone hip extension ( phe ) is an exercise that can activate the gm effectively and is popularly used in clinics2 . howe...	[ purpose ] the aim of this study was to identify the effects of initial position of the hip joint with changes in the hip joint angle on the respective muscle activities of the bilateral erector spinae ( es ) , unilateral gluteus maximus ( gm ) , and biceps femoris ( bf ) and the amount of pelvic anterior tilt d...
vitreoretinal pathology has rarely been observed after laser - assisted in situ keratomileusis ( lasik ) or photorefractive keratectomy ( prk ) . posterior segment complications are more common in myopic eyes and no direct causal relationship with keratorefractive surgery has been established . retinal breaks , rhe...	purpose . to assess the incidence of central serous chorioretinopathy ( cscr ) following laser in situ keratomileusis ( lasik ) and photorefractive keratectomy ( prk ) . methods . a chart review was performed to identify all patients with cscr and a previous history of lasik or prk . results . over the 6-year s...
the global prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents has increased substantially over the past several decades . many studies done previously , suggest that children and adolescents with risk factors such as obesity , dyslipidemia , elevated blood pressure and impaired glucose metabolism are at...	obesity in children and adolescents predispose to the development of obesity in adulthood and subsequent cardiovascular disease . high - sensitivity c - reactive protein ( hscrp ) is a marker of low grade inflammatory state , which characterizes an atherosclerotic process . the aim of this study was to assess the m...
our device incorporates three key elements : patterned polymer brushes to present selected haptenic groups ; cofactors required for acwop ; and components for electrochemical detection and quantification of h2o2 ( figure 1 ) . details about the materials and methods used and additional control experiments ...	infectious diseases , such as influenza , present a prominent global problem including the constant threat of pandemics that initiate in avian or other species and then pass to humans . we report a new sensor that can be specifically functionalized to detect antibodies associated with a wide range of infect...
lendoprothse endobiliaire peut tre utilise substitut la localisation pancratique dans lutilisation de la tomographie par ordinateur faisceau conique ( tofc ) en radiothrapie externe . la prsente tude fait tat du dplacement interfraction de lendoprothse durant la radiothrapie externe pour le cancer du pancras locale...	purposeendobiliary stents can be used as surrogates for pancreatic localization when using cone - beam computed tomography ( cbct ) during external - beam radiotherapy ( ebrt ) . this work reports on interfraction stent position changes during ebrt for locally advanced pancreatic cancer ( lapc).materials and methodss...
bonding to enamel is been considered satisfactory , but adhesion to dentin is much more complex due to the nature of the substrate . the best way to test the effectiveness of a biomaterial , as well as composite or luting cement or a bonding system , is in vivo experimentation in controlled trials . however , it is q...	aim : the purpose of this study is to critically evaluate the factors that affect the bond strength of one - step and two - step self - etch adhesives by using meta-analysis.materials and methods : potential papers that were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria from articles were published in 13 peer ...
	the mineral pneumoconioses ( lung disease caused by inhalation of inorganic dust ) have been an important disease entity for centuries . in the last several decades , the electron microscope has been used to elucidate the distribution and identification of inhaled minerals , to aid in establishing etiologic factors ,...
hip fractures are a disabling event and an important cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly people ( 1 - 4 ) . the majority of patients following hip fracture are treated operatively to obtain pain relief , hasten mobility , and minimize complications . the indications of conservative treatment after hip fract...	although many studies have assessed mortality and morbidity of conservative treatment after hip fracture in elderly patients , the mortality of conservative treatment done because of economic burden is unclear . among 451 patients diagnosed with displaced hip fracture during 3 yr , 28 patients ( group i ) were enroll...
inverted duodenal diverticulum is an infrequent congenital abnormality that usually is not symptomatic but can become , generally in adult life . this anatomical anomaly has been also related to episodes of upper intestinal bleeding or even acute pancreatitis ( 1,2 ) . we present a case of an inverted duodenal dive...	inverted intraduodenal diverticulum is a rare congenital abnormality usually arising near the ampulla of vater . we describe a case of an inverted duodenal diverticulum in a patient that presented with an upper recurrent intestinal obstruction that required surgery . recognition of the entity and its anatomic relat...
this was a cross - sectional study of obese ( bmi , > 95th percentile for age and sex ) pubertal adolescents recruited from an obesity clinic in the children s hospital of philadelphia . exclusion criteria included having previously diagnosed diabetes or sleep disorders , genetic syndromes affecting glucose tolerance...	objectivesleep deprivation is associated with increased risk of adult type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) . it is uncertain whether sleep deprivation and/or altered sleep architecture affects glycemic regulation or insulin sensitivity or secretion . we hypothesized that in obese adolescents , sleep disturbances woul...
our understanding of physical laws and knowledge of material properties allow us to engineer bridges that do not collapse and car engines that convert energy into mechanical motion . even the simplest bacterium comprises a system whose complexity is humbling [ 1 , 2 ] . in recognition of such challenges , the c...	synthetic biology is a nascent technical discipline that seeks to enable the design and construction of novel biological systems to meet pressing societal needs . however , engineering biology still requires much trial and error because we lack effective approaches for connecting basic parts into higher - order net...
to ascertain the etiologic agent causing an outbreak of febrile illness with symptoms similar to chikungunya fever , we selected 3 sites in chiapas state , mexico , for sampling : tapachula , la libertad , and ciudad hidalgo ( figure 1 , panel a ) . after patients informed consent was obtained , blood samples were co...	since chikungunya virus ( chikv ) was introduced into the americas in 2013 , its geographic distribution has rapidly expanded . of 119 serum samples collected in 2014 from febrile patients in southern mexico , 79% were positive for chikv or igm against chikv . sequencing results confirmed chikv strains closely rela...
compound 1 ( 3.90 g , 15.7 mmol ) , triphenylphosphine ( ph3p ) ( 7.40 g , 28.3 mmol ) , and p - nitrobenzoic acid ( 3.10 g , 18.8 mmol ) were dissolved in anhydrous thf ( 157 ml ) . diisopropylazodicarboxylate ( diad ) ( 6.35 g , 6.20 ml , 31.4 mmol ) was added dropwise over 30 min . the solution was rem...	( 2s,4r)- and ( 2s,4s)-perfluoro - tert - butyl 4-hydroxyproline were synthesized ( as fmoc- , boc- , and free amino acids ) in 25 steps . the key step of each synthesis was a mitsunobu reaction with perfluoro - tert - butanol , which incorporated a perfluoro - tert - butyl group , with nine chemically equivale...
functional weakness of the lower extremity due to stroke is caused not only by muscular weakness , but also by decreases in muscular endurance , and stability of the joint , and loss of proprioceptive sense . clinically , proprioceptive sense is an important factor in the evaluation and treatment of patients wi...	[ purpose ] balance and gait ability determine to a large degree the level of independence of daily living which is an important goal of rehabilitation . this study was conducted in order to examine the effectiveness of an ankle proprioceptive control program on ankle muscle strength , balance , and gait of chr...
cerebral venous thrombosis ( cvt ) is a distinct disorder with highly variable symptoms and courses . brain mri , magnetic resonance venography , and positive d - dimer assay confirmed the presence of cvt . the work - up for detecting the cause of the cvt revealed occult prostate cancer . occult malignancy includ...	backgroundcerebral venous thrombosis ( cvt ) is a distinct disorder with highly variable symptoms and courses . malignancy is known to be one of the predisposing factors of cvt.case reportwe present the case of a 69-year - old man with sudden behavioral changes . brain mri , magnetic resonance venography , and posi...
women 's health bears priority in health care services because of its directly associated with family and public health.1 nowadays , life standards has increased with the rise in life expectancy . according to 2015 data of turkish statistical institute ( tuik ) , expected life expectancy of women is 80.7 years . in par...	objectivescurrent study was conducted between september 2014 and january 2015 in gaziantep proviency ehitkamil town irinevler district . purpose of the study is to measure changes experienced , point of view on menopause , and life style of women who are older than 40 , living in said district , and within post - men...
selection / amplification is a general tool for directed evolution of nucleic acids and proteins , which is much more complicated for reaction promoters ( biocatalysts ) than for simple binders . selection and identification for the former require some sort of catalyst - product pairing in an isolated compartment . i...	here is presented a concept for in vitro selection of suppressor trnas . it uses a pool of dsdna templates in compartmentalized water - in - oil micelles . the template contains a transcription / translation trigger , an amber stop codon , and another transcription trigger for the anticodon- or anticodon loop - ran...
acute heart failure is still associated with a high hospital mortality , which ranges between 4.0% and 12.7%.1 , 2 , 3 , 4 emergency physicians , cardiologists , intensivists , nurses , and other healthcare providers have to cooperate to provide optimal benefit . however , many treatment decisions are opinionbased , wh...	abstractaimsthe randomized clinical trial relaxahf demonstrated a positive effect of vasodilator therapy with serelaxin in the treatment of ahf patients . the aim of our study was to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients from the ahead registry who met criteria of the relaxahf trial ( relaxcompara...
immuno - analytical systems have typically been developed by capturing and immobilizing the antibody on solid surfaces since the immobilization provides an easy separation of the binding complexes with the antibody from unreacted reagents . the solid - phase capture antibody , however , is very difficult to control a...	the enhanced analytical performances of immunoassays that employed site - directly immobilized antibodies as the capture binders have been functionally characterized in terms of antigen - antibody complex formation on solid surfaces . three antibody species specific to cardiac troponin i , immunoglobulin g ( igg ) ...
segmental absence of intestinal musculature ( saim ) was first reported as a new entity in 1947 by emanuel et al . as a cause of intestinal obstruction . the cases are now increasingly reported in the medical literature , so far more than 25 cases have been reported in the english literature with additional cases in ...	segmental absence of intestinal musculature ( saim ) is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction and/or perforation seen in neonates , and rarely in adults . we present a case of saim in a 48-year - old male , who presented with acute abdominal symptoms and was repeatedly explored because of recurrence of abdominal sym...
austere renal replacement therapy ( rrt ) describes the provision of renal replacement therapy in any setting in which traditional , first - world therapies and resources are limited , incapacitated , or nonexistent . the provision of rrt in an austere environment is very different from that in a routine situation in...	myoglobinuric renal failure is the classically described acute renal event occurring in disaster environments commonly after an earthquake which most tests the ingenuity and flexibility of local and regional nephrology resources . in recent decades , several nephrology organizations have developed response teams an...
the prevalence of depression in diabetes is well documented , with a raft of research over the past two decades focusing on links between the two conditions . people with diabetes are between 1.4 and 3 times more likely to develop depression compared to the general population ( 3 ) , with depression affecting 1520% o...	depression and severe psychological distress are frequently comorbid with diabetes and are associated with reduced adherence to medication and healthy lifestyle regimens , poorer glycemic control , and increased complications . the mixed success of existing treatments for depression in diabetes patients suggests a ne...
leptin is a hormone secreted from the white adipocytes and plays a role in the maintenance of energy homeostasis . although the role of ghrelin in energy homeostasis is still unclear , its secretion depends largely on nutritional state , with ghrelin concentrations increasing prior to a meal and decreasing after eati...	acute and chronic sleep restrictions cause a reduction in leptin and an increase in ghrelin , both of which are associated with hunger . given that light / dark patterns are closely tied to sleep / wake patterns , we compared , in a within - subjects study , the impact of morning light exposures ( 60 lux of 633-nm [ ...
in the following chapter we summarize patterns of medication use for adhd and describe what is known about factors influencing adherence to adhd medication . choices about using medication are complex , with more recent work focusing on beliefs and attitudes that shape patient preferences . in addition , effectiven...	safe and effective medication for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ) is available and recommended as first - line treatment for the core symptoms of inattention , overactivity and impulsiveness . despite impaired functioning during adolescence , many discontinue medication treatment . for children , he...
zambia is a landlocked country located in southern africa with a population of about 10.8 million . fifty one percent of the population is made up of women and children . over 70% of the population lives below the poverty datum line . the gross per capita income is $ 630 , and 13% of central government expenditure ...	objective . to improve care of sexually abused children by establishment of a one stop centre at the university teaching hospital . methodology . prior to opening of the one stop centre , a management team comprising of clinical departmental heads and a technical group of professionals ( health...
extrarenal calyces are rare anomalies of the upper urinary tract . only 20 cases were reported so far in the literature . the rarity of this anomaly and the complexity of possible associated anomalies often makes the preoperative diagnosis difficult . they are known to be associated with other anomalies , including...	extrarenal calyces are one of the rare renal anomalies associated with the collecting system . their association with renal ectopia or horse shoe kidney is known . but , here in , we are reporting an intraoperative surprise , where extrarenal calyces were associated with pelviureteric junction obstruction and routi...
the main terminology used to describe heart failure ( hf ) is based on measurement of the left ventricular ejection fraction ( lvef ) . historically , hf was divided in patients with normal lvef [ hf with preserved ef ( hfpef ) , typically with a lvef 50% ] and those with reduced lvef [ hf with reduced ef ( hfref ) , t...	abstractaimsthe main terminology used to describe heart failure ( hf ) is based on measurement of the left ventricular ejection fraction ( lvef ) . lvef in the range of 4049% was recently defined as hf with midrange ef ( hfmref ) by the 2016 european society of cardiology guidelines . the purpose of our study was t...
there is a tide in the affairs of men , which taken at the flood , leads on to fortune . omitted , all the voyage of their life is bound in shallows and in miseries . proactive measures include avoiding known risks by not settling in or venturing into hazardous environments , and mitigating them by constructing dam...	unique among animals , humans survive not by superb physical adaptation to our environment , but rather by intelligent , large - scale adaptation of the environment to our needs . we build houses with climate control systems that mimic the environment of sub - saharan africa . we safely live in environments where t...
congenital central hypoventilation syndrome ( cchs ) is a life - threatening disorder characterized by an idiopathic failure of the automatic control of breathing , particularly during sleep . in cchs , patients breathe with insufficient depth due to impaired sensitivity to hypercapnea and hypoxia . hirschsprung 's d...	congenital central hypoventilation syndrome with hirschsprung 's disease , also known as haddad syndrome , is an extremely rare disorder with variable symptoms . recent studies described that congenital central hypoventilation syndrome had deep relation to the mutation of the phox2b gene in its diagnosis and phenotyp...
this modification adds a methyl group ( ch3 ) to the 5 position of cytosine in a dna sequence and is inheritable through cell division.1,2 for mammalian cells , it occurs only at cpg sites ( cytosines paired with guanines ) . dna methylation plays an essential role for both normal and cancerous cell development36 and...	dna methylation ( the addition of a methyl group to a cytosine ) is an important epigenetic event in mammalian cells because it plays a key role in regulating gene expression . most previous methylation studies assume that dna methylation occurs on both positive and negative strands . however , a few studies have r...
acute pancreatitis is characterized by the onset of parenchymal and peripancreatic fat necrosis with associated inflammation in a previously healthy individual . acute pancreatitis should be suspected in patients with acute severe abdominal pain and can be classified based on severity . the atlanta classification d...	orlistat is a pancreatic lipase inhibitor which is used to treat obesity . due to the increasing prevalence of obesity , orlistat use is thought to rise progressively . we report an interesting case caused by orlistat use caught in the early stages of acute pancreatitis through imaging ; in addition , the case had ...
multidrug resistance ( mdr ) remains the major obstacle to success in a wide variety of advanced malignancies , particularly in solid cancers . the overexpression of p - gp is one of the important mechanisms involved in mdr [ 13 ] . p - gp - mediated cellular uptake and the efflux of anticancer drugs from cancer ce...	the purpose of this study was the use of rhodamine 123 ( rho123 ) accumulation in peripheral blood cd8+cells as a surrogate indicator to evaluate the modulating effect of p - glycoprotein ( p - gp ) inhibitors in the multidrug resistance ( mdr ) tumor - bearing mouse model . rho123 was administered to mice , and the ...
the fundamental principle of bonding to dental hard tissues is based on micromechanical interlocking of the adhesive resin with dentin / enamel surfaces.1,2 while bonding to enamel depends on the micromechanical retention to the etched substrate , bonding to dentin relies on hybridization with the exposed collagen mesh...	objectivesthe aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of one - step adhesive systems to dry or moist dental substrate.methodsthirty human third molars were sectioned into two halves , in the mesio - distal direction , parallel to the long axis of the tooth . each half was embedded in a polystyrene resin c...
. it is characterised not only by the movement abnormalities , but also by cognitive impairment and abnormal behaviour , as well as weight problems and sleep disturbances . hd patients experience a complex variety of movement problems , which include not only chorea , but also akinesia and bradykinesia . a number o...	measuring the rate of finger tapping is a technique commonly used as an indicator of impairment in degenerative neurological conditions , such as huntington s disease . the information it provides can be greatly enhanced by analysing not simply the overall tapping rate , but also the statistical characteristics of th...
gt(rosa)26sor , b6;129-gt(rosa)26sor / j and b6;129s2-scarb1/j and fvb / nj wild - type mice were obtained from the jackson laboratory ( bar harbor , me ) . mice were bred and maintained at the comparative bioscience center of the rockefeller university according to guidelines established by the institutional animal ...	hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) remains a major medical problem . antiviral treatment is only partially effective and a vaccine does not exist . development of more effective therapies has been hampered by the lack of a suitable small animal model . while xenotransplantation of immunodeficient mice with human hepatocyt...
this multi - center trial was conducted at 13 sites with subjects aged 845 years with autoimmune type 1 diabetes for less than 3 months and with evidence of -cell function evidenced by stimulated c - peptide > 0.2 pmol on a 2-h mixed meal tolerance test ( mmtt ) . autoimmune type 1 diabetes was defined by the presenc...	objectivethis trial tested whether mycophenolate mofetil ( mmf ) alone or with daclizumab ( dzb ) could arrest the loss of insulin - producing -cells in subjects with new - onset type 1 diabetes.research design and methodsa multi - center , randomized , placebo - controlled , double - masked trial was initiated by type...
striae gravidarum ( sg ) is a common , disfiguring , gestational change that affects between 55% ( chang et al . , 2004 , picard et al . , 2015 ) and 90% ( fitzpatrick and freedberg , 2003 ) of women ( ghasemi et al . sg presents as atrophic linear scars and can cause distress , often leading to a decrease in quality...	backgroundstriae gravidarum ( sg ) are atrophic linear scars that represent one of the most common connective tissue changes during pregnancy . sg can cause emotional and psychological distress for many women . research on risk factors , prevention , and management of sg has been often inconclusive.methodswe conduc...
intracranial dermoid cysts and colloid cysts are rare congenital lesions generally occurring along the midline . dermoid cysts are known to be ectodermal in origin while debate still exists about the embryological origin of colloid cysts . here , we report a 22-year - old young male with suprasellar dermoid cyst as...	intracranial dermoid cyst and colloid cysts of the third ventricle are rare benign congenital lesions of early adulthood . both lesions are thought to be congenital in origin however association is rare . only one case of this association has been reported . we report a 22-year - old male with suprasellar dermoid...
it has been widely accepted that the application of coronary computed tomographic angiography ( ccta ) is most likely to benefit patients who are at intermediate risk of having stable coronary artery disease ( scad ) . as a result , in 2013 european society of cardiology guidelines on the management of scad ( 2013 g ) ...	background : coronary computed tomographic angiography ( ccta ) has been widely used in patients who are at intermediate risk for having stable coronary artery disease ( scad ) , and 2013 european society of cardiology guidelines on the management of scad ( 2013 g ) recommended the appropriate application of ccta . how...
as reported in henschen , a petrous ridge meningioma was first described by rokitansky in 18556 ) . in 1938 , only one did well and , accordingly , he emphasized a high surgical risk in dealing with infratentorial meningiomas25 ) . because of its deep location , narrow visual field of operation and proximity to crani...	objectivebased on surgical outcomes of patients with infratentorial meningiomas surgically treated at our institution , we analyzed the predictors for surgical resection , recurrence , complication , and survival.methodsof surgically treated 782 patients with intracranial meningioma , 158 ( 20.2% ) consecutive cases of...
main determinants in the clinical care of patients with urolithiasis are the location , size , and chemical composition of the calculi , the latter being particularly important in the presence of uric acid ( ua ) stones , since ua stones may be dissolved by urinary alkalinization . the imaging modality of choice for ...	introductionto investigate retrospectively the impact of urinary stone volume on computed tomography stone attenuations measured in hounsfield units in 253 patients with urolithiasis.material and methodsct scans were performed in 253 patients with suspected urinary stone disease from 2008 to 2010 using ct scanner sie...
deranged hematological parameters , including thrombocytopenia , are features of human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) infection.1 thrombocytopenia , defined by platelet cell count of less than 15010/l,2,3 occurs in about 4%24% of hiv - infected cases.4,5 mechanisms for thrombocytopenia , such as platelet involvement in...	aims / objectiveswe aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of thrombocytopenia among people living with human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( aids ) and to assess occurrence of antiplatelet antibodies , among thrombocytopenic hiv clients at mbarara regional referral hospita...
the increase of ageing , obesity , and diabetes in conjunction with inappropriate healthcare programs have emphasized the problem of having to treat almost 1.5 billion people affected by skin and mucosal infections due to bacteria , viruses , protozoa , and dysmetabolism . pathologies range from the diabetic foot ( u...	although orthodox medicine has provided a variety of topical anti - infective agents , some of them have become scarcely effective owing to antibiotic- and chemotherapeutic - resistant pathogens . for more than a century , ozone has been known to be an excellent disinfectant that nevertheless had to be used with caut...
more than 50 years ago , owen et al . ( 1954 ) made the remarkable discovery that most twin cattle were born with a stable mixture of each other s red cells . ( 1988 ) later found that human leukocyte antigen ( hla ) broadly sensitized patients commonly failed to produce antibodies against mismatched non - inherited ...	major histocompatibility complex antigens that provoke severe transplant reactions are referred to as the human leukocyte antigen ( hla ) in human and as the h-2 in mice . even if the donor and recipient are hla - identical siblings , graft - versus - host reactions have been linked to differences in the minor histoc...
these disorders are caused by mutations in genes coding for enzymes involved in degradation of glycosaminoglycans ( gags ) . storage of gags in cells of patients results in progressive damage to the affected tissues , including the heart , respiratory system , bones , joints and , in most mps types and subtypes , the...	summarybackgroundmucopolysaccharidoses ( mps ) are inherited metabolic disorders caused by deficiencies in enzymes involved in degradation of glycosaminoglycans . mps type iii ( sanfilippo disease ) is clinically characterized mainly by progressive and severe behavioral disturbances and cognitive dysfunction . rece...
henoch schnlein purpura ( hsp ) belongs to the group of nongranulomatous small vessel vasculitis . intussusception , gangrene of the bowel , bowel perforation , and massive hemorrhage are the most common gastrointestinal complications of hsp . a comprehensive search of pubmed , embase , and web of science was perf...	to summarize the experience of diagnosing and treating patients with henoch schnlein purpura ( hsp)-related pancreatitis , a systematic review of previously published cases was conducted . among 13 reported cases , there were six males and seven females whose age from 3 to 70 years . the clinical features of these...
patients with angioid streaks are prone to develop a subretinal hemorrhage after ocular injury , due to fragility of bruch s membrane . the purpose of this study was to report a patient with angioid streaks in whom subfoveal choroidal neovascularization ( cnv ) developed after blunt ocular trauma . a 60-year - old ...	backgroundpatients with angioid streaks are prone to develop a subretinal hemorrhage after ocular injury , due to fragility of bruch s membrane.objectivethe purpose of this study was to report a patient with angioid streaks in whom subfoveal choroidal neovascularization ( cnv ) developed after blunt ocular trauma.case ...
this report is a result of a collaborative effort between the national microbiology laboratory ( nml ) , health canada , and the provincial public health laboratories ( pphls ) in canada . the pphls represent every province in canada and also include the yukon and north west territories . all s. paratyphi b dt identi...	we document an increase in the number of multidrug - resistant salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi b dt+ identified in canada . most of these strains harbor salmonella genomic island 1 ( sgi1 ) . further studies are needed to determine factors contributing to the observed emergence of this multidrug - resistant s...
fetal malnutrition ( fm ) is a significant contributor to perinatal morbidity and mortality.123 it is a state of poor nutrition in - utero resulting from inadequate supply and/or utilization of nutrients1 leading to the fetus failing to acquire adequate amount of fat , subcutaneous tissues , and muscle mass during intr...	background : fetal malnutrition ( fm ) which describes the underweight / wasting seen in newborns is a significant contributor to perinatal morbidity and mortality and requires proper documentation . the objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status of term newborns at birth using clinical assessment o...
exogenous ethanol ( etoh ) causes elevated brain and hepatic homocysteine ( hocys ) levels , decreased brain and hepatic taurine levels , and increased apoptosis rates within embryonic chick brains and livers [ 13 ] . exposure to either teratogen causes reduced brain masses , elevated brain lipid hydroperoxide ( lpo ...	because taurine alleviates ethanol- ( etoh- ) induced lipid peroxidation and liver damage in rats , we asked whether exogenous taurine could alleviate etoh - induced oxidative stress in chick embryos . exogenous etoh ( 1.5 mmol / kg egg or 3 mmol / kg egg ) , taurine ( 4 mol / kg egg ) , or etoh and taurine ( 1.5 ...
epithelial ovarian carcinoma is no longer felt to be a uniform disease , both in the pathology and oncology literature . it is now divided into two categories in pathology articles , tumors arising from a precursor lesion with a better prognosis versus tumors arising de novo with a worse prognosis . the most common...	purpose . to assess if there is a significant difference in enhancement of high grade serous carcinoma of the ovary compared with other ovarian malignancies on clinically performed contrast enhanced mri studies . methods . in this institutional - review board - approved study , two radiologists reviewed contrast...
an intracranial or spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage ( sah ) can result from the rupture of an aneurysm in the anterior , posterior , radicular , or radiculomedullary cervical spinal arteries . hemodynamic stress caused by arteriovenous malformation and coarctation of the aorta are well - known etiologic factors in form...	incidence of aneurysm of the anterior spinal artery is known to be very low and the standard treatment strategy has not yet been established . the author experienced a case of subarachnoid hemorrhage ( sah ) caused by the rupture of an aneurysm in the branch of the cervical anterior spinal artery , which was managed ...
the potential to respond to environmental stimuli through dynamic rearrangements of synapto - dendritic networks , as well as by regulating the generation of new neuronal and glial cells , renders the brain highly mutable . these phenomena , collectively known as neuroplasticity , are critical to promote neuronal ada...	brain neuroplasticity is increasingly considered to be an important component of both the pathology and treatment of depressive spectrum disorders . recent studies shed light on the relevance of hippocampal cell genesis and cortico - limbic dendritic plasticity for the development and remission from depressive - like...
measurement of muscle strength in rehabilitation is important for the evaluation of treatment outcomes . simple manual muscle testing can be performed , or a measuring device can be used for quantitative measurement of muscle strength . in particular , a hand - held dynamometer ( hhd ) is a relatively inexpensi...	[ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to examine the intra - examiner and inter - examiner reliabilities of measurements of knee extensor muscle strength using a pull - type hand - held dynamometer ( hhd ) . [ subjects ] fifty - four healthy adults ( 35 males ; average age , 23 years ) participated in this...
during xenopus gastrulation , mesoderm migrates to the inside of the embryo and moves along the blastocoel roof to establish the three germ layer structure . this process involves several morphogenetic cell movements including mesendoderm extension and convergent extension . during mesendoderm extension , cells mig...	myristoylated alanine - rich c kinase substrate ( marcks ) is an actin - binding , membrane - associated protein expressed during xenopus embryogenesis . we analyzed its function in cytoskeletal regulation during gastrulation . here , we show that blockade of its function impaired morphogenetic movements , includin...
perianal mucinous adenocarcinoma is a rare disease often associated with a long - standing anal fistula , representing approximately 23% of large bowel cancers . the occurrence of a carcinoma in association with a fistula is probably due to chronic inflammation , although the rarity of the condition precludes any def...	a case of mucinous adenocarcinoma arising on a long - standing anorectal fistula is described . a 60-year - old man with a long history of mucinous discharge , pain and perianal induration underwent a biopsy of the external opening of the fistula that showed a mucinous infiltrating adenocarcinoma . due to the large s...
however , nearly 10% of abnormal thyroid function was observed according to thyroid function survey using general health checkup system for the adult in japan . this implicates that pregnant women in japan also have higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunction . up to now , there are no large population studies regarding...	objective . we conducted the study to see the incidence of thyroid dysfunction in women with obstetrical high - risk factors . methods . we retrospectively reviewed medical charts of high - risk pregnant women who had examination for thyroid function during pregnancy . women were divided according to clinical p...
keeping this in view , during the mid-1980s the government of india decided to assess the extent of yaws problem in the country8 . based on the data so obtained , the government took the initiative to renew its efforts to eradicate yaws based on the premise that yaws eradication can not only alleviate the suffering o...	yaws , a non - venereal treponematosis , affecting primarily the tribal populations , has been considered historically as one of the most neglected tropical diseases in the world . in 1996 , india piloted an initiative to eradicate yaws based on a strategy consisting of active case finding through house - to - house ...
extramedullary plasmacytomas ( emps ) are uncommon and occur almost exclusively in the head , neck , and upper respiratory tract ; emps in gastrointestinal organs are rare.1 the next most frequent site of mass lesion occurrence is the stomach ; however , this is also extremely rare , accounting for less than 5% of all ...	we report a rare case of a gastric plasmacytoma treated with endoscopic resection and oral thalidomide therapy . a 70-year - old man was admitted to our hospital with indigestion . he had no specific medical history and unremarkable laboratory results . gastroendoscopic findings revealed a focal , erythematous , fl...
working memory is one of memory types , and it allows transitory information to be actively held for several seconds on line . several brain regions , such as medial prefrontal cortex , and hippocampus , are known to play critical roles in holding transitory memory . testing working memory in the mouse has typicall...	assessing the working memory of the rodent by using a touch - screen system has several advantages ( e.g. , allowing highly accurate data collection and flexibility in memory task design ) . however , there is currently no available testing paradigm utilizing touch - screen systems that can assess working memory in t...
mastitis is the most significant and ubiquitous infectious disease of dairy cattle throughout the world . streptococcus uberis has been repeatedly identified as the most commonly isolated pathogen from clinical and subclinical samples in several countries , including australia , the united kingdom , new zealand , and...	multilocus sequence typing was successfully completed on 494 isolates of streptococcus uberis from clinical mastitis cases in a study of 52 commercial dairy herds over a 12-month period . in total , 195 sequence types ( sts ) were identified . s. uberis mastitis cases that occurred in different cows within the same h...
uterine myomas , also referred to as fibroids , are benign tumors of the smooth muscle of the uterus and are the most commonly encountered type of tumor in women , occurring in nearly 50%70% of women of childbearing age . the status of fibroids during pregnancy is especially complex , because fibroids can affect the ...	uterine fibroids are benign tumors of the myometrium with a diverse range of manifestations . fibroids can dramatically increase in size during pregnancy due to the increase in estrogen levels . after delivery , the fibroids usually shrink back to their pre - pregnancy size . uterine myomas may have many complica...
accordingly , humans are continually exposed to multiple genera of fungi via various routes , but particularly by the ingestion of food , allowing for the colonization of the gastrointestinal tract . depending on the interaction between the host s mucosal defense mechanisms , fungal virulence factors , and antifungal u...	mucocutaneous candidiasis is frequently one of the first signs of human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) infection . over 90% of patients with aids will develop oropharyngeal candidiasis ( opc ) at some time during their illness . although numerous antifungal agents are available , azoles , both topical ( clotrimazol...
quinones form the second largest class of antitumor agents approved for clinical use in the u.s . , and several antitumor quinones are in different stages of clinical and preclinical development a common feature of quinone - containing drugs is their ability to undergo reversible redox reactions to form semiq...	the quinones 1,4-naphthoquinone ( nq ) , tetramethyl-1,4-benzoquinone ( dq ) , 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone ( mnq ) , 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone ( ubq-0 ) , 2,6-dimethylbenzoquinone ( dmbq ) , 2,6-dimethoxybenzoquinone ( dmobq ) , and 9,10-phenanthraquinone ( phq ) enhance the rate of h2o2 reduction...
controlled ovarian hyperstimulation ( coh ) with gonadotropins has improved success rates of in vitro fertilization ( ivf ) by increasing the number and opportunity for selection of embryos before transfer [ 13 ] as well as permitting the cryopreservation of supernumerary embryos for further fertility treatment [ 4 , 5...	background . the natural cycle is the prototype to which we aspire to emulate in assisted reproduction techniques . increasing evidence is emerging that controlled ovarian hyperstimulation ( coh ) with exogenous gonadotropins may be detrimental to oogenesis , embryo quality , and endometrial receptivity . this re...
a role for hpv in lung cancer has been proposed , although previous reports of hpv in lung tumor tissue have been inconclusive . paraffin - embedded tissue specimens from 450 lung cancer patients who were smokers or never - smokers enrolled in the environment and genetics in lung cancer etiology study were evaluated ...	backgroundlung cancer kills more than 1 million people worldwide each year . whereas several human papillomavirus ( hpv)associated cancers have been identified , the role of hpv in lung carcinogenesis remains controversial.methodswe selected 450 lung cancer patients from an italian population based case control stu...
the electronic database of a tertiary university - affiliated medical center was searched for all patients who underwent nd : yag laser capsulotomy from january 2011 to july 2014 following uneventful phacoemulsification surgery . exclusion criteria were the presence of ocular pathologies other than senile cataract ( ...	purpose : the aim of this study is to compare the length of time from uneventful cataract surgery using one of two common posterior chamber intraocular lenses ( iols ) ( hydrophilic versus hydrophobic acrylic ) to laser capsulotomy.materials and methods : retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent neodymium :...
female pattern hair loss ( fphl ) is one of the most common complaints among female patients referred to dermatology clinics . it is the most common cause of alopecia involving 612% of women aged 2030 years and over 55% of women over 70 years of age . fphl is clinically characterized by diffuse nonscarring hair los...	background : female pattern hair loss ( fphl ) is the most common cause of alopecia in women , characterized by diffuse nonscarring hair loss in frontal , central , and parietal areas of the scalp . pathophysiology of fphl is still not well known , and it is probably a multifactorial genetic trait . fphl is also ob...
appendicitis is the most frequent indication for urgent surgery in children . since 1894 , when mc burney described the laparotomic technique for appendectomy , the same operation has been the gold standard for acute appendicitis for over a century . in 1983 , semm described for the first time the standard three ...	the paper reports the results of a retrospective review of the medical charts of 203 patients admitted to a pediatric surgical unit with a diagnosis of acute appendicitis between january 2006 and december 2010 when a transumbilical laparoscopic - assisted appendectomy ( tulaa ) was introduced as a new surgical techniqu...
encephalocele is a rare condition that consists of herniation of cerebral matter through openings of dura and skull the incidence of the congenital form is estimated to be 1 per 3,000 to 10,000 live births.1 2 many classification systems for encephalocele exist ; however , the most widely accepted is that from mats...	encephalocele is a rare condition that consists of herniation of cerebral matter through openings of dura and skull . a majority of encephaloceles are congenital and manifest in childhood . we present a case of a 45-year - old man presenting with contralateral hemiparesis and found to have an extremely rare phenome...
energetic neutral atoms ( enas ) are produced by charge exchange processes between energetic ions and neutral gasses . as ions , these particles are constrained by the lorentz force to their local magnetic fields ; however , once they are neutralized they are not influenced by electromagnetic forces and travel on bal...	abstractto achieve breakthroughs in the areas of heliospheric and magnetospheric energetic neutral atom ( ena ) imaging , a new class of instruments is required . we present a high angular resolution ena imager concept aimed at the suprathermal plasma populations with energies between 0.5 and 20 kev . this instrum...
the advent of next - generation sequencing and metagenomics has resulted in increasing numbers of ever - larger datasets describing the community structure and function of a variety of different environments , from the human gut ( arumugam et al . 2011 ; david et al . 2014 ) to arctic peat soils ( lipson et al . 201...	the advent of next - generation sequencing has allowed huge amounts of dna sequence data to be produced , advancing the capabilities of microbial ecosystem studies . the current challenge is to identify from which microorganisms and genes the dna originated . several tools and databases are available for annotating...
two kinds of forces are involved in vitreoretinal traction diseases : tangential and anterior - posterior forces . when the posterior hyaloid partially detaches from the posterior pole and macula , keeping a strong attachment at a focal point , the anterior - posterior vector appears . these forces are less charact...	two kinds of forces are active in vitreoretinal traction diseases : tangential and anterior - posterior forces . however , tangential forces are less characterized and classified in literature compared to the anterior - posterior ones . tangential epiretinal forces are mainly due to anomalous posterior vitreous det...
occasionally , however , it can be a sign of a more serious , often unrecognized condition . we report on a patient with carboplatin - induced bilateral papilledema resulting in only partially reversible visual impairment . despite the fact that carboplatin is widely used in the treatment of a variety of common tumor...	we report on a patient with carboplatin - induced bilateral papilledema , as it was described in the 1970s for cisplatin . loss of visual accuracy up to full blindness , often loss of color vision and scotomas can be seen as a result of cortical blindness , macula degeneration , retrobulbar neuritis and papilledema ....
eight - year - old male presented with 360 peripheral corneal endotheliopathy and edema , granulomatous keratic precipitates , and mild iritis od . twenty months later , os presented similarly and anterior chamber inflammatory cells , vitreous snowballs , and retinal vasculitis were observed ou . this is the ...	purposeto report a case of corneal ectasia secondary to pars planitis corneal endotheliopathymethodsclinical case description and proposed hypothesis regarding development of corneal ectasiaresultseight - year - old male presented with 360 peripheral corneal endotheliopathy and edema , granulomatous keratic precipitate...
although sarcoidosis has been identified as a specific disease entity for more than one century , the specific cause of sarcoidosis is unknown . in addition , the diagnostic criteria , treatment algorithms , method of follow - up and natural course of the disease have not been clearly elucidated . these concepts refl...	this manuscript outlines recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of sarcoidosis . the diagnosis of sarcoidosis can occasionally be made on clinical grounds without a confirmatory biopsy when very specific clinical findings are present . otherwise , the diagnosis requires histologic evidence of granulomatous ...
the surgical procedure used to create flaps involves tissue damage because some areas may exceed the territory supplied by a given blood vessel , leading to several degrees of ischemia.1 moreover , microvascular perfusion is seriously impaired with failing procedures.2,3 vasoactive drugs can be used to ameliorate the i...	objectivethis study investigated the effects of buflomedil and pentoxifylline , both of which are used in reconstructive surgery of hamster skin flap microcirculation , and evaluated the skin flap survival rate by orthogonal polarization spectral imaging.methodtwenty-four adult male syrian golden hamsters were divided ...
in 2010 , there were 1,490,000 hiv - infected pregnant women and 390,000 children became infected with hiv . mother - to - child transmission of hiv can occur during pregnancy , during birth , or during breastfeeding . the risk of transmission is 1530% in nonbreastfeeding populations and breastfeeding adds an additio...	we describe a programme for the prevention of mother - to - child transmission ( pmtct ) of hiv that provided universal antiretroviral therapy ( art ) to all pregnant women regardless of the cd4 lymphocyte count and formula feeding for children with high risk of hiv transmission through breastfeeding in a district of i...
	optimal cutoff value of alt level to precisely estimate the presence of fatty liver was as low as 28.0 u / l . we should consider the possibility of fatty liver even when alt level is within normal range in subjects with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes .
atopic dermatitis ( ad ) is a common skin disease manifested clinically by chronic inflammation and characterized histologically by skin infiltration of inflammatory cells including predominantly lymphocytes , eosinophils , and mast cells . it affects 1020% of children and 13% of adults in developed countries , and t...	atopic dermatitis ( ad ) , a common chronic inflammatory skin disease , is characterized by inflammatory cell skin infiltration . the jak - stat pathway has been shown to play an essential role in the dysregulation of immune responses in ad , including the exaggeration of th2 cell response , the activation of eosinop...
we thank leigh conroy for her help with the matlab algorithms and dr iris kulbatski for her help with editing the manuscript . this work was supported by funding provided to r. dacosta by the canadian institutes for health research .	the dorsal skinfold window chamber ( dswc ) model is a unique tool that enables analysis of various aspects of tumor biology and therapeutic response . although the protocol for the murine dswc model is standardized , certain tumors fail to grow or require a particular environment to promote growth . given such lim...
pharmacovigilance is the science and activities relating to the detection , assessment , understanding , and prevention of adverse effects of drugs or any other possible drug - related problems . recently , its concerns have been widened to include herbals , traditional and complementary medicines , blood products , ...	herbal formulations being widely accepted therapeutic agents as antidiabetics , antiarthritics , hepatoprotectives , cough remedies , memory enhancers , and adaptogens . the commonest myth regarding herbal medicines is that these medicines are completely safe , and can therefore be safely consumed by the patient on h...
this study was approved by the local ethics committee , and each patient gave informed consent for participation . the clinical diagnosis of pd was made according to the uk brain bank criteria.11 at the time of the study , none of the patients had ever taken medications for pd . all patients underwent a detailed cl...	background and purpose : several reports on the elderly population have suggested that orthostatic hypotension is associated with white matter hyperintensities ( wmh ) ; however , little information is available on patients with parkinson s disease ( pd).methods : we analyzed the association blood pressure profiles dur...
male sprague - dawley rats ( n=18 : exposed n=9 ; sham exposed n=9 ) were individually housed before and during experimental protocols . all protocols were approved by the saint louis university animal care and use committee . during the experiment , animals were between the ages of 4 and 7 months , age matched bet...	backgroundstudies investigating the effect of power frequency ( 5060 hz ) electromagnetic fields ( emf ) on melatonin synthesis in rats have been inconsistent with several showing suppression of melatonin synthesis , others showing no effect and a few actually demonstrating small increases . scant research has focuse...
knowledge of the anatomical variations of the axillary region has become more relevant with increasing surgeries of this region for breast cancer , reconstruction procedures and axillary by - pass . lager 's arch or the axillary arch ( aa ) is the best - known variant structure in the axilla . it is a muscular or f...	langer 's arch is the best - known anatomic variant of definite surgical implication in the region of the axilla . this rare anomaly is a muscular slip extending from the latissimus dorsi ( ld ) muscle to the tendons , muscles or fasciae around the superior part of the humerus . in this report , we present a rare c...
a substantial body of research reports of illness related distress and its impact on quality of life for the person living with illness as well as for their significant others ( i.e. , spouses and family caregivers ) is available . there are , however , few studies that focus on the family system and describe illness...	research shows that living with illness can be a distressing experience for the family and may result in suffering and reduced health . to meet families ' needs , family systems intervention models are developed and employed in clinical contexts . for successful refinement and implementation it is important to unde...
the nerve damage is more common after brachial plexus injury coming up at birth or it follows nerve trunks injury that occurred for different causes.15 primarily , options for the nerve repair are either direct neurorrhaphy or interposition of nerve grafting according to the appearance and the gap of nerve stumps . t...	background : direct neurorrhaphy , nerve grafting interposition and neurotization are the options for nerve repair in children , whereas few reports about using nerve conduits ( tubulization ) are referred to pediatrics in the literature . the authors present their experience about nerve repairing by means of nerve t...
tumors arising on true vocal cords result in hoarseness at an early stage , and the incidence of positive lymph nodes for t1 - 2 glottic cancer is low due to minimal lymphatic drainage . based on clinical presentations and a favorable prognosis , the aim of therapeutic management is not only tumor control but also pr...	purposethis study evaluates the long - term results of definitive radiotherapy ( rt ) for early glottic cancer . clinical and treatment factors related to local control and patterns of failure are analyzed.materials and methodswe retrospectively reviewed 222 patients with t1 - 2n0 squamous cell carcinoma of the glott...
the control of the disease in nigeria is coordinated by the national tuberculosis and leprosy control programme ( ntblcp ) in line with the stop tb partnership initiatives whose ultimate target is to eliminate tb as a public health problem ( less than 1 case per million population ) by the year 2050.1 however , niger...	background : the burden of tuberculosis ( tb ) in nigeria is high . unfortunately , the data from the tb programme of the states ministries of health are usually unpublished , which possibly contribute to the prevailing ignorance and poor attitude of nigerians to the disease . this study determined the trends of tb...
atrial septal defect ( asd ) is one of the most common congenital heart diseases encountered in outpatient clinics . surgical closure has traditionally been accepted as the gold standard treatment for an asd with volume overloading . transcatheter device closure was developed as an alternative to surgery by king et...	transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects has become a popular procedure . the availability of a preprocedural imaging study is crucial for a safe and successful closure . both the anatomy and morphology of the defect should be precisely evaluated before the procedure . three - dimensional ( 3d ) echocardiog...
the frequency of umbilical cord blood transplantation ( cbt ) from unrelated donors has increased among adult patients who require allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation but have no suitable bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell donors . although very rare , there are reports of patients who have unde...	most varicella - zoster virus ( vzv ) infections after cord blood transplantation ( cbt ) present as localized herpes zoster . here , we report a case of vzv reinfection in an adult patient after cbt that appeared clinically to be varicella . a 50-year - old japanese man underwent cbt for the management of acute ly...
vitiligo is the most common depigmenting disorder , with a worldwide occurrence of 0.1 - 2% in general population . multiple conditions have been described colocalized in vitiligo patches , like psoriasis or lichen planus . however , actinic granuloma has not been described in association with vitiligo lesions so f...	vitiligo is the most common depigmenting disorder , with a worldwide occurrence of 0.1 - 2% in the general population . multiple conditions have been described colocalized in vitiligo patches , like psoriasis or lichen planus . however , actinic granuloma has not been described in association with vitiligo lesions ...
it is estimated that 85 millions pregnancies occurred in plasmodium falciparum malaria - endemic areas . this pathology is among the main causes of the low birth weight ( lbw ) [ 2 , 3 ] , resulting from 3% to 8% neonatal and infant deaths . this led the world health organization ( who ) to recommend a pack...	introduction . the aim of this study was to identify the antimalarials prescribed during the pregnancy and to document their timing . method . from june to september 2009 , a survey was conducted on 565 women who gave birth in the castors maternity in bangui . the antenatal clinics cards were checked in order to re...
chronic myelogenous leukemia ( cml ) is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder which remains in chronic phase for a variable period followed by accelerated phase and later blast crisis . various drugs have been used in the management of cml and these are busulfan , alpha - interferon , hydroxyurea , and imatinib , the...	association of cancer and hiv infection is seen in practice . commonly observed cancer in hiv infected patients are non - hodgkin 's lymphoma , cervical cancer and kaposi sarcoma , coexistent chronic myelogenous leukemia ( cml ) and hiv infection are rare . we report a case where these two diseases were found in a pa...
dental profession is not only restricted to examination , investigation , diagnosis and treatment of oral- and oro - facial lesions of local origin but also to serve in other community services and legal matters . dentist has a pivotal role in the identification of person as mouth provides with infinite evidence beca...	context : identification of person living or dead using diverse characteristics is the basis in forensic science . the uniqueness of lip and fingerprints and further , association between them can be useful in establishing facts in legal issues.aims:the present study was carried out to determine the distribution of d...
ewing 's sarcoma ( es ) was first described as an osteolytic bone tumor composed of malignant , small round cells by james ewing in 1921 . extraosseous ewing 's sarcoma was first described by tefft in 1969 ; it is a rare , malignant mesenchymal tumor similar to intraosseous es . since its characterization in 1980s ...	extraosseous ewing 's sarcoma / primitive neuroectodermal tumor ( es / pnet ) is an uncommon , aggressive , and malignant tumor with a poor patient outcome . its occurrence in the lesser sac is a rare event and to the best of our knowledge , has not been previously described . the present case was clinically and ra...
stress / strain redistributions occurring within mandibular bone as a result of prosthodontic treatments are highly complex and an understanding of the biomechanical factors ( strains ) initiating bone remodelling due to prosthodontic procedures has not been conclusive so far . for this reason an in - depth understan...	an understanding of functional responses in oral bone is a crucial component of dental biomechanics . the purpose of this study was to investigate the potential biological remodelling response during mastication on the mandibular pre- and post - insertion of a fixed partial denture ( fpd ) . a series of three - dim...
although , there is a great evidence of implant failure in compromised jaw quality , the newer designs and approaches suggest that the poor quality is not a contraindication . the density of bone site is a determining factor in treatment planning and initial progressive bone loading during prosthetic reconstruction ....	aim : in the less dense bone , it is difficult to obtain implant anchorage . the present study was undertaken to determine the survival rate of maestro implants placed in d3 and d4 bones.materials and methods : fourteen patients ( 10 males and 4 females ) were selected for the study and implants were evaluated for post...
speaking one language rather than another involves selecting and articulating words that meet the intended meaning . the precise way in which this process is controlled may depend on the language context . we contrast a context in which a speaker uses just one of their languages to name objects in an experimental ses...	this paper proposes that different experimental contexts ( single or dual language contexts ) permit different neural loci at which words in the target language can be selected . however , in order to develop a fuller understanding of the neural circuit mediating language control we need to consider the community con...
a thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm ( taaa ) is characterized by enlargement of the aortic segment at the diaphragmatic crura and extends for variable distance proximally and/or distally from this point . historically , open surgical repair of taaas has involved greater operative risk than repairs of aneurysms in othe...	conventional treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms ( taaas ) consists of graft replacement with reattachment of the main aortic branches . over the past 20 years a multimodal approach has gradually evolved to reduce the trauma of surgery by maximizing organ protection , allowing experienced surgical centers ...

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