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multiple studies have demonstrated that neural plasticity can change the structure and function of the central nervous system after structural brain damage and rehabilitation ( chen et al . , 2010 ; hosp and luft , 2011 ) .
an important mechanism is the adaptation of the anatomical and functional connectivities betwe... | cerebral plasticity includes the adaptation of anatomical and functional connections between parts of the involved brain network .
however , little is known about the network dynamics of these connectivity changes .
this study investigates the impact of a pure deefferentation , without deafferentation or brain dama... |
according to the two latest who assessments , cataract has consistently been the leading cause of world blindness , which was responsible for around 48% and 51% of blindness in 2002 and 2010 , respectively .
biological ageing plays the most crucial role in the development of cataract [ 35 ] .
china , the most pop... | backgrounds .
ocular changes may arise during pregnancy and after childbirth , but very few studies have reported the association between childbearing and cataract among older adults . methods .
14,292 individuals aged 60 + years were recruited in xiamen , china , in 2013 .
physician - diagnosed cataract and diab... |
cell biology is an inherently multidisciplinary science , requiring approaches from genetics , chemistry , physics , applied mathematics , and engineering .
while biochemical and genetic approaches have been successfully integrated into the field , other disciplines require more effort .
physical scientists that jo... | a major goal in cell biology is to bridge the gap in our understanding of how molecular mechanisms contribute to cell and organismal physiology .
approaches well established in the physical sciences could be instrumental in achieving this goal
. a better integration of the physical sciences with cell biology will t... |
renal cell carcinoma ( rcc ) is a widespread oncourological disease with a tendency towards a slow increase of incidence . in the recent decade ,
there has been development of numerous effective drugs targeted at different molecules that play a dominant role in rcc carcinogenesis .
understanding of rcc carcinogenes... | introductionrenal cell carcinoma ( rcc ) is a widespread oncourological disease with a tendency towards a slow increase of incidence . in the recent decade ,
there has been development of numerous effective drugs targeted at different molecules that play a dominant role in rcc carcinogenesis .
understanding of rcc ... |
the four processes involved in the flammability of materials are described and related to the various flame retardance mechanisms that may operate . following this
the four practical approaches used in improving flame retardance of materials are described .
each approach is illustrated with a number of typical exam... | |
together with myringotomy or tympanocentesis , tympanostomy tube insertion ( tti ) has been one of the most commonly performed otologic surgical procedures in children . when a child is unable to stay calm during minor otologic surgery , most otologic surgeons typically choose general ( intravenous or endotracheal ) an... | the use of general ( face - mask inhalation and intravenous ) anesthesia has been the method of choice for tympanostomy tube insertion in children . however , there is no exact guideline for the choice of anesthesia method and there is no evidence to support the use of one anesthesia method over another .
clinically ... |
stress is defined as any condition that seriously disrupts
physiological and psychological homeostasis ranging from anxiety to
posttraumatic stress disorder , and affects cognitive functions both in
animal models and in humans [ 24 ] .
the hippocampus is of special significance
in this respect because it has ... | studies have shown that , depending on its severity and context , stress can affect neural plasticity .
most related studies focused on synaptic plasticity and long - term potentiation ( ltp ) of principle cells
. however , evidence suggests that following high - frequency stimulation , which induces ltp in princ... |
tooth movement during orthodontic treatment is accomplished by the delivery of orthodontic forces through brackets . a frictional force ( fr ) , defined as the resistant force against movement when two contacting objects are moving ,
the former is the minimum amount of force required for the initial movement of a sta... | objectivethis study aimed to compare the frictional force ( fr ) in self - ligating brackets among different bracket - archwire angles , bracket materials , and archwire types.methodspassive and active metal self - ligating brackets and active ceramic self - ligating brackets were included as experimental groups , whil... |
ferns have often been associated with contaminated soils , particularly with mining operations ( samecka - cymerman et al .
nevertheless , these plants have received less attention than vascular plants in relation to metal tolerance and accumulation ( kachenko et al .
some fern species are important bioindicators o... | pteridium aquilinum is a ubiquitous species considered to be one of the plants most resistant to metals .
this fern meets the demands for a good bioindicator to improve environmental control .
therefore , it was of interest to survey the accumulation of cr and ni in the rhizome and fronds of this species collected ... |
the positron - emitting radiopharmaceuticals are of particular interest due to the high sensitivity and excellent resolution of the positron emission tomography ( pet ) .
these radiopharmaceuticals are formulated from cyclotron - produced or generator - eluted radionuclides and should be subjected to quality control ... | purpose of the study : to study quality control parameters of routinely prepared positron emission tomography ( pet ) radiopharmaceuticals.materials and methods : three pet radiopharmaceuticals fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ( f-18 fdg ) , n-13 ammonia ( n-13 nh3 ) , and ga-68 dotatate ( n = 25 each ) , prepared by sta... |
alpha-1 antitrypsin ( a1at ; also known as -1 proteinase inhibitor ) is a serum glycoprotein which predominantly ( 80% ) originates from hepatocytes.1 a1at inhibits a wide variety of proteases ( eg , neutrophil elastase and proteinase-3 ) to contribute to a proteinase / antiproteinase balance.2 it is postulated that th... | there is evidence that proteases and antiproteases participate in the iron homeostasis of cells and living systems .
we tested the postulate that -1 antitrypsin ( a1at ) polymorphism and the consequent deficiency of this antiprotease in humans are associated with a systemic disruption in iron homeostasis .
archived... |
nanohybrid resin composite , the newest resin composite restorative material , is becoming popular because it combines physical , mechanical , and esthetic properties .
it incorporates a high volume fraction of filler particles with a wide particle size distribution ( 5 - 100 nm ) .
the compressive and diametral st... | aims : to investigate the effects of five beverages ( apple cider , orange juice , coca - cola , coffee , and beer ) on microhardness and surface characteristic changes of nanohybrid resin composite and giomer.materials and methods : ninety - three specimens of each resin composite and giomer were prepared . before imm... |
colorectal cancer ( crc ) is one of the most common malignancies in industrialized countries and one of the most common causes of cancer - related death.1,2 in denmark , approximately 4200 new cases of crc are diagnosed each year,3 with a 5-year survival of only 43%49%.4,5 danish crc survival is lower than in our neigh... | objectivethe prognosis for colon and rectal cancer has improved in denmark over the past decades but is still poor compared with that in our neighboring countries .
we conducted this population - based study to monitor recent trends in colon and rectal cancer survival in the central and northern regions of denmark.ma... |
glomeruli are involved in 75 - 90% of cases , clinical correlate of which is nephrotic - range proteinuria and slow progression to chronic kidney disease .
it is seldom appreciated that extracapillary glomerulonephritis may be superimposed on amyloidosis in such cases .
a 50-year - old man presented with the compla... | renal amyloidosis is characterized by progressive deposition of extracellular material , most commonly in the glomeruli .
most often , patients present with nephrotic range proteinuria and the disease progresses gradually to renal failure . rapid worsening of renal functions is rare .
we report a case of crescentic... |
t1 is the longitudinal ( or spin - lattice ) relaxation time of a tissue .
t1 mapping refers to parametric maps that are generated from a series of images acquired with different t1 weighting so that each pixel can be assigned a t1 value.7 t1 maps can be displayed using color or thresholded scales to enable quantitat... | cardiac magnetic resonance ( cmr ) imaging is a well - established noninvasive imaging modality in clinical cardiology .
its unsurpassed accuracy in defining cardiac morphology and function and its ability to provide tissue characterization make it well suited for the study of patients with cardiac diseases .
late ... |
bladder cancer is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the uk with ~10,000 new cases diagnosed and 5,000 deaths registered each year ( 1 ) .
the most common pathological subtype is transitional cell carcinoma ( tccu ) ( 90% of cases ) ( 2 ) with ~50% of all cases being stage ii or beyond at the time of d... | there is no standard of care in the uk or ireland for second - line chemotherapy for patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma ( tccu ) .
vinflunine is approved for tccu patients who have failed a platinum - based regimen , and is standard of care in europe but is not routinely available in the uk .
data w... |
acinetobacter baumannii is an aerobic , nonfermentative gram negative coccobacillus that can survive for prolonged periods in the environment and can cause nosocomial infections , ( urinary tract and wound infections ) .
extensive use of antimicrobial agents in clinical cases has contributed to the appearance of resi... | background : acinetobacter baumannii which is a gram - negative bacterium can cause several different infections .
the appearance of carbapenemase - producing a. baumannii in recent years has made the treatment process more difficult .
the identification of virulence factors ( vfs ) , such as nonadhesives in a. bau... |
the present discussion focuses on the review by oliveira and coworkers ( presented in this issue ) , and on the use of hypertonic saline resuscitation in sepsis .
early fluid resuscitation of patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome reduces the incidence of mortality due to septic shock and sepsis .
... | the review by oliveira and colleagues on the subject of hypertonic saline resuscitation in sepsis ( included in the present issue ) suggests possible benefits for hypertonic saline .
there is a firm experimental basis for the actions of hypertonic saline / hyperoncotic solutions in hemorrhagic hypotension , which inc... |
we present an unusual case of a 24 year old male who was hospitalized to undergo a dental procedure and subsequently developed a cardiac arrest 2 days following the procedure .
the patient presented with a swelling in the buccal cavity for which a biopsy was taken .
two days following the procedure , the patient su... | we present an unusual case of 24 year old male who was hospitalized for dental procedure and developed cardiac arrest 2 days after the procedure .
the patient presented with swelling of buccal cavity for which a biopsy was taken .
two days after the procedure , apparently normal patient suddenly presented at mid ni... |
mammalian target of rapamycin ( mtor ) signalling and macroautophagy ( henceforth autophagy ) regulate numerous pathological and physiological processes including cellular responses to altered nutrient levels . however , the mechanisms regulating mtor and autophagy remain incompletely understood .
lysosomes are dynam... | |
hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is the fifth and seventh most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and females , respectively , and the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide .
the incidence and mortality rates for hcc are similar because most hcc patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage , highlighting t... | background : evaluating a change in the screening rate for hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is critical for understanding screening implementation , and whether targeted population groups are receiving proper screening .
this study examined recent nationwide changes in hcc screening use among hepatitis b virus ( hbv)... |
iran can be divided into 11 regions with 28 provinces ( supplementary file ) , based on ethnographic , demographic , epidemiologic , and socioeconomic factors ( 18 ) .
this study was cross - sectional and was conducted during the year 2001 in iran .
it was a part of the micronutrient survey , which covered the whol... | backgroundvitamin a deficiency is considered as one of the public health problems among pregnant women worldwide .
population representative data on vitamin a status in pregnancy have not previously been published from iran.objectivesthe aim of this study was to publish data on vitamin a status in pregnant women in a... |
three weeks prior to this presentation , she was evaluated in the emergency room for similar complaint and was discharged after having normal blood and imaging tests including cardiac enzymes , electrocardiogram ( ekg ) , and chest x - ray .
her chest pain was described as sharp , constant , 6/10 in intensity , locat... | chest pain is a very common symptom and can be of cardiac or non - cardiac origin .
it accounts for approximately 5.5 million annual emergency room visits in the united states , according to 2011 cdc data .
penetrating atherosclerotic aortic ulcer ( pau ) , an uncommon condition , is also a potential cause of chest... |
rapid recruitment of innate immunity cells such as polymorphonuclear neutrophils ( pmns ) is a critical component of pathogen killing and removal during infection .
as they differentiate , the cells begin to move toward the venous sinusoids prior to migration across the sinusoidal endothelium to reach the vascular lu... | polymorphonuclear neutrophils ( pmns ) are key innate immune cells that represent the first line of defence against infection .
they are the first leukocytes to migrate from the blood to injured or infected sites .
this process involves molecular mechanisms that coordinate cell polarization , delivery of receptors ... |
the association between chronic viral infection and human malignancy is well established : papillomaviruses are involved in the pathogenesis of human cervical cancer ( dell and gaston 2001 ) , epstein - barr virus has been linked to burkitt 's lymphoma , nasopharyngeal carcinoma , post - transplant lymphoma , hodgkin '... | incorporation of viral dna may interfere with the normal sequence of human dna bases on the genetic level or cause secondary epigenetic changes such as gene promoter methylation or histone acetylation .
colorectal cancer ( crc ) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the usa .
chromosomal instability ( ... |
1 ) . most chimpanzee ascs adopt a fibroblast - like phenotype in vitro ( fig .
1 ) , consistent with previous reports of human ascs ( zuk et al . 2001 ) and with the human ascs profiled in this study ( fig .
when grown to confluence , the chimpanzee ascs migrate on top of one another and appear to exhibit lower le... | comparisons between humans and chimpanzees are essential for understanding traits unique to each species . however , linking important phenotypic differences to underlying molecular changes is often challenging .
the ability to generate , differentiate , and profile adult stem cells provides a powerful but underutili... |
drug - eluting stents ( des ) have not only improved clinical outcomes compared with bare metal stents ( bms ) , they have vastly enhanced our capability and confidence to tackle increasingly complex patients and lesions traditionally treated with coronary artery bypass graft surgery ( cabg ) [ 13 ] .
this has in tur... | the introduction of first - generation drug - eluting stents ( des ) was a major advance in the percutaneous treatment of coronary artery disease , with des significantly reducing the incidence of restenosis and major adverse coronary events compared with bare metal stents .
next - generation des now utilizes lower p... |
renal trauma occurs in approximately 1 - 5% of all injuries . the kidney is considered to be the most commonly damaged organ of the urinary system with the male to female ratio being 3:1 [ 2 , 3 , 4 ] .
blunt kidney trauma ( bkt ) occurs more often than penetrating trauma , being 9 times more common .
generally , r... | introductionthe ren is considered as the most commonly damaged genitourinary organ . in general ,
blunt kidney traumas ( bkt ) are mild and can be managed conservatively .
we aimed to analyze our own experiences of selective renal artery embolization ( rae ) in bkt patients and compare obtained results with other r... |
chronic ischemic heart disease ( cihd ) is characterized as reduced blood supply to the heart muscle due to plaque building up along the inner walls of the arteries of the heart .
cihd is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries and in some of the emerging countries . although the application o... | backgroundalthough bone marrow - derived cells ( bmcs ) have shown great therapeutic potential in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease ( cihd ) , the exact efficacy and safety of bmcs therapy is still not completely defined.material/methodswe searched pubmed , ovid , embase , the cochrane library , and clinical... |
reactive oxygen species ( ros ) are generated during normal cellular metabolism , as a result of the influence of various environmental factors , as well as during pathological processes .
ros are responsible for dna , lipid and protein damage and play an important role in the development and progression of many huma... | abstractto study the role of oxidative stress in breast cancer risk , we analysed plasma levels of protein carbonyls in 1050 cases and 1107 controls .
we found a statistically significant trend in breast cancer risk in relation to increasing quartiles of plasma protein carbonyl levels ( or = 1.2 , 95% ci = 0.91.5 ; o... |
by the early 1990s , 75 years of research had failed to answer a most basic question about the 1918 pandemic : why was it so fatal ?
no virus from 1918 had been isolated , but all of its apparent descendants caused substantially milder human disease . moreover ,
examination of mortality data from the 1920s suggests... | the " spanish " influenza pandemic of 19181919 , which caused 50 million deaths worldwide , remains an ominous warning to public health .
many questions about its origins , its unusual epidemiologic features , and the basis of its pathogenicity remain unanswered
. the public health implications of the pandemic ther... |
galantamine is a long acting , selective and reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that has been a licensed treatment for alzheimer s disease ( ad ) in the usa , across europe and into asia since 2000 .
the main source of the pharmaceutical product galantamine ( galan / t / amine ) has been the alkaloid galantham... | many secondary plant compounds are synthesized in response to stressed growing conditions .
we tested the feasibility of exploiting this feature in a novel strategy for the commercial production of the plant alkaloid galanthamine .
experimental lines of narcissus pseudonarcissus were established under marginal upla... |
in the light of developing the level of health care services in the world , taking care of elderly people in general has taken great deal of emphasis since the second half of 20th century .
due to surplus of oil revenues , gcc countries have witnessed during the last four decades a rapid economic , social and cultura... | introductionin the light of developing the level of health care services in the world , taking care of elderly people in general has taken great deal of emphasis since the second half of 20th century.contextdue to surplus of oil revenues , gcc countries have witnessed during the last four decades a rapid economic , soc... |
anemia is a major comorbidity of chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) and in patients with end stage renal disease ( esrd ) on renal replacement therapy .
untreated dialysis patients were often symptomatic and dependent on blood transfusions with their innate morbidity until the advent of erythropoietin stimulating agents ... | backgroundvitamin b12 deficiency may have deleterious effects on end stage renal disease ( esrd ) patients on maintenance hemodialysis , and may increase erythropoietin stimulating agent ( esa ) resistance , yet little is known about its prevalence in this population.methodsserum vitamin b12 and methylmalonic acid ( mm... |
invitations to speak at major meetings are prized by scientists because they provide visibility and the ability to present their work efficiently to an audience of peers .
speaking invitations are used by faculty promotion and tenure committees as evidence of external recognition and thus can be critical to academic ... | abstractin 2015 , the american society for microbiology ( asm ) general meeting essentially achieved gender equity , with 48.5% of the oral presentations being given by women .
the mechanisms associated with increased female participation were ( i ) making the program committee aware of gender statistics , ( ii ) inc... |
the experimental setup was based on a broadband
oscillator ( venteon pulse one ) delivering pulses of 5.5 fs duration ,
800 nm central wavelength , and 250 pj pulse energy at a repetition
rate of 80 mhz .
double - chirped mirrors and a pair of glass wedges
were used for dispersion compensation to achieve the ... | the local enhancement of few - cycle
laser pulses by plasmonic nanostructures opens up for spatiotemporal
control of optical interactions on a nanometer and few - femtosecond
scale .
however , spatially resolved characterization of few - cycle plasmon
dynamics poses a major challenge due to the extreme length... |
in february 2013 , a 70-year - old man sought care at the university of amsterdam department of dermatology for a neuropathic ulcer on his left foot .
it was determined that he had a neuropathic ulcer , a complication of nerve damage caused by leprosy , for which he was treated successfully .
he was a native of sur... | we report buruli ulcer in a man in the netherlands .
phenotyping of samples indicate the buruli pathogen was acquired in suriname and activated by trauma on return to the netherlands .
awareness of this disease by clinicians in non
buruli ulcer
endemic areas is critical for identification . |
solid waste management encompasses a wide range of activities , including collecting garbage , collecting and sorting recyclable materials and collecting and processing of commercial and industrial waste .
risks occur at every step in the process , from the point of the collection at homes , during transportation and... | background : waste management is a necessary activity around the world , but involves a variety of health hazards . in a developing country like india ,
municipal solid waste is collected manually requiring heavy physical activity . among all occupational health issues ,
musculoskeletal problems are common among wa... |
diagnostic tests assist the physician in assuring an appropriate treatment of the symptoms and as also the disease from which a patient is suffering . in vitro diagnostic tests are widely used in the practice of modern medicine .
nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) are amongst the most frequently used d... | aspirin - exacerbated respiratory disease ( aerd ) refers to chronic rhinosinusitis , nasal polyposis , bronchoconstriction , and/or eosinophilic inflammation in asthmatics following the exposure to nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) .
a key pathogenic mechanism associated with aerd is the imbalance of... |
mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) have been receiving considerable attention in bone
regeneration , both for tissue engineering or cellular therapy .
these cells are capable
of self - renewal or differentiation into multi - lineage cells , including osteoblasts and
condroblasts , under the appropriate conditions ... | bone morphogenetic protein type 2 ( bmp-2 ) is a potent local factor , which promotes
bone formation and has been used as an osteogenic supplement for mesenchymal stem
cells.objectivesthis study evaluated the effect of a recombinant bmp-2 as well as the endogenous
bmp-4 and bmp-7 in the osteogenic differentiation... |
sinus node dysfunction with prolonged pauses is a rare finding in children unless they have had prior congenital heart surgery .
abrupt termination of a supraventricular tachycardia ( svt ) or pacing can be associated with sinus pauses due to overdrive suppression of the sinus node . however , such pauses are rarely ... | sinus pauses in the setting of supraventricular tachycardia is rare in children .
we describe an asymptomatic teen with irregular heart rate detected during an incidental exam who was found to have short runs of a slow ectopic atrial tachycardia on electrocardiogram and prolonged sinus pauses on routine ambulatory ec... |
research conducted during the last 10 to 20 years confirms that outdoor air pollution contributes to illness and death in adults and children .
the quantification of this public health problem and the benefits of its regulation , however , has been the subject of debates .
such impact assessments usually rely on ex... | backgroundthe impact of outdoor air pollution on infant mortality has not been quantified.methodsbased on exposure - response functions from a u.s .
cohort study , we assessed the attributable risk of postneonatal infant mortality in 23 u.s .
metropolitan areas related to particulate matter < 10 m in diameter ( pm1... |
the statistical model proposed in for one probe set in multiple oligonucleotide arrays has the form it states that the perfect match ( pm)/mismatch ( mm ) difference in array i , probe j of this probe set is the product of model - based expression index ( mbei ) in array i ( i ) and probe - sensitivity index of probe... | backgrounda model - based analysis of oligonucleotide expression arrays we developed previously uses a probe - sensitivity index to capture the response characteristic of a specific probe pair and calculates model - based expression indexes ( mbei ) .
mbei has standard error attached to it as a measure of accuracy . ... |
we evaluated rates of sustained virologic response 12 weeks after the end of treatment ( svr12 ) , adverse events , and graded laboratory abnormalities in black versus nonblack subjects in the phase 3 ion program .
the ion1 , ion2 , and ion3 clinical trials evaluated the safety and efficacy of 8 , 12 , and 24 weeks o... | black patients chronically infected with genotype 1 hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) have historically had lower rates of response to interferonbased treatment than patients of other races . in the phase 3 ion program ,
the singletablet regimen of the ns5a inhibitor ledipasvir and ns5b nucleotide polymerase inhibitor sofosb... |
we conducted real - time pcr analyses targeting the msp2 gene on genomic ( g ) dna of 12,606 i. scapularis ticks collected across canada ( technical appendix 1 ) .
169 ( 1.3% ) ticks were pcr - positive ( table 1 ) . there were significant differences ( 5 = 129.7 , p<0.001 ) in the proportions of ticks infected wit... | we developed pcr - based assays to distinguish a human pathogenic strain of anaplasma phagocytophilum , ap - ha , from ap - variant 1 , a strain not associated with human infection .
the assays were validated on a. phagocytophilum - infected blacklegged ticks ( ixodes scapularis ) collected in canada .
the relative... |
end - stage liver cirrhosis ( eslc ) is a fatal clinical condition and frequently accompanied with mental alteration , ascites , jaundice , coagulopathy , and persistent deterioration of liver function .
once a complication of eslc develops , the 5-year survival rate decreased to low than 20% , and patients should be... | background : the study was designed to assess the role of preoperative neutrophil , lymphocyte , and neutrophil - lymphocyte ratio ( nlr ) in predicting survival outcomes of abo - incompatible liver transplantation ( lt).materials and methods : we retrospectively collected the demographic and clinical characteristics o... |
ec - ic , extracranial - intracranial imax , internal maxillary artery mca , middle cerebral artery sc - ic , subcranial - intracranial sta , superficial temporal artery
we recently treated 4 patients with sc - ic bypass who required cerebral bypasses to effectively treat various cerebrovascular pathologies . the dec... | background : internal maxillary artery ( imax)middle cerebral artery ( mca ) bypass has been recently described as an alternative to cervical extracranial - intracranial bypass .
this technique uses a keyhole
craniectomy in the temporal fossa that requires a technically challenging end - to - side anastomosis.obje... |
phosphodiesterase inhibitors ( pdeis ) are a widely used group of oral therapy for erectile dysfunction .
this group is selective for cyclic guanosine monophosphate - specific phosphodiesterase ( pde ) type 5 present in corpora cavernosa .
these agents differ in their degree of selectivity in inhibiting pde isoenzy... | backgroundciprofloxacin is a commonly used antibiotic for urinary tract infection that interacts with bacterial topoisomerases leading to oxidative radicals generation and bacterial cell death .
phosphodiesterase inhibitors ( pdeis ) , on the other hand , are commonly used drugs for the management of erectile dysfunc... |
it was reported that there were 8,284 new cases of lung cancer in korea diagnosed in 2001 ( 1 ) , and the incidence and the number of lung cancer deaths continue to increase . since the overall 5-yr survival for patient with lung cancer is < 15% ( 2 ) , the future line in both the prevention of new disease by reducing ... | autofluorescence bronchoscopy ( afb ) is one of the newly developed diagnostic tools to detect the pre - cancerous lesions in the bronchial tissue .
the utility of d - light / afb in the detection of pre - cancerous lesions was compared to the standard white light bronchoscopy ( wlb ) . in 113 patients ( male 106 , f... |
tuberculosis ( tb ) is one of the top 10 causes of illness , death , and disability world - wide and is the leading cause of death from a curable infectious disease .
it is estimated that approximately one - third of the world 's population is infected with the mycobacterium tuberculosis ( hereafter called latent tb ... | introduction : one - third of the total human population is infected with the mycobacterium tuberculosis . this bacterium causes illness in up to 9 million people annually and is responsible for three deaths every minute world-wide.objective:to determine the association of serum zinc level with vitamin a level in activ... |
the prediction of in vivo toxicity based on in vitro measurements
is a challenging task , which is in
the center of active development of modern computational toxicology .
the topcoder data science competition platform in collaboration
with environment protection agency ( epa ) organized the toxcast challenge
... | the
toxcast epa challenge was managed by topcoder in spring 2014 .
the goal of the challenge was to develop a model to predict the lowest
effect level ( lel ) concentration based on in vitro measurements and calculated in silico descriptors .
this article summarizes the computational steps used to develop the
... |
the interest in whey - protein supplement ( wps ) increased with consumer 's sensibility concerning health benefits , since the immunomodulatory role of wps has already been amply demonstrated [ 1 , 2 ] . the whey protein ( wp )
constitutes 20% of the total protein content of bovine milk and includes alpha - lactalbu... | the objective of this study was to evaluate the acceptability of an alimentary supplement of bovine whey - protein concentrate ( wpc ) and tgf- , unavailable commercially , by patients with crohn 's disease ( cd ) and determine the chemical composition , solubility , and total amino acids content .
the supplement was... |
+ 1 prfa prf event that results in a shift of the ribosome forward one nucleotide into next adjacent reading - frame on the mrna3-oxo - c6-hsln-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l - homoserine lactone;antiactivationa form of transcriptional repression that is dependent on protein - level inhibition of a transcriptional activatorc protei... | mobile genetic elements run an evolutionary gauntlet to maintain their mobility in the face of selection against their selfish dissemination but , paradoxically , they can accelerate the adaptability of bacteria through the gene - transfer events that they facilitate .
these temporally conflicting evolutionary forces... |
a 30-year - old male presented to chonnam national university hospital complaining of pitting edema of both lower extremities .
laboratory studies were as follows : blood urea nitrogen , 24.7 mg / dl ; serum creatinine , 1.4 mg / dl ; and c - reactive protein , 3.5 mg / dl .
one week later , the follow - up serum c... | a 30-year - old male presented with pitting edema .
he had received a kidney transplantation 3 months previously .
his serum creatinine level was increased , and a renal ultrasound showed hypoechoic fluid collection in the perirenal space and pelvic cavity .
we conducted sono - guided percutaneous drainage of the... |
lifestyle and health - related behaviors are strongly associated with morbidity and mortality in many chronic diseases worldwide .
major factors include diet , physical activity , smoking , body mass index ( bmi ) , and alcohol consumption [ 35 ] .
for example , university students experience significant changes in... | backgrounda lifestyle characterized by poor eating habits and physical inactivity is a risk factor for multiple lifestyle diseases in young adults .
this study assessed the effects of implementing an intensive 10-day health promotion program combining diet and physical activities on body composition , physical fitnes... |
the case under discussion highlights the importance of vascular access monitoring and surveillance to prevent failure .
blood loss through avf can be from aneurysms , stenosis and subsequent rupture , infection , trauma , suicide and , use of anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs .
common causes of blood loss throu... | little has been written about acute blood loss from hemodialysis vascular access .
we describe a 57-year - old caucasian male with an approximately 7 gm / dl drop in hemoglobin due to bleeding from a ruptured aneurysm in his right brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula ( avf ) .
there was no evidence of fistula inf... |
both kinetochore microtubules ( mts [ kmts ] ) and nonkmts in mitotic and meiotic bipolar spindles of higher eukaryotes exhibit poleward translocation or flux ( rogers et al . , 2005 ) .
most kmts normally extend the full length of the kinetochore fiber from their plus end attachment sites at kinetochores to minus en... | forces in the spindle that align and segregate chromosomes produce a steady poleward flux of kinetochore microtubules ( mts [ kmts ] ) in higher eukaryotes . in several nonmammalian systems ,
flux is driven by the tetrameric kinesin eg5 ( kinesin 5 ) , which slides antiparallel mts toward their minus ends .
however... |
a 2-year - old boy presented to us with a reddish fleshy mass protruding from the inner side of the left eye for 8 months .
he underwent an incisional biopsy at a local dispensary 2 months ago , following which there was an increase in the size of mass , spontaneous bleeding episodes , and epiphora .
he was a diagn... | a 2-year - old boy presented with a recurrent strawberry - like reddish mass arising from the left caruncular region for 8 months . an incisional biopsy was performed elsewhere 2 months earlier , followed by an increase in size of mass , significant epiphora , and intermittent bleeding . on examination ,
exuberant ex... |
femoral artery pseudoaneurysm following by cardiac catheterization is a serious groin complication requiring careful assessment and prompt intervention .
risk of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm is estimated at 0.6 to 17 following diagnostic and interventional procedures .
the clinical usage of bedside ultrasonography... | backgroundfemoral artery pseudoaneurysm following by cardiac catheterization is a serious groin complication requiring careful assessment and prompt intervention.aimsrisk of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm is estimated at 0.6 to 17 following diagnostic and interventional procedures.methodsthe clinical usage of bedside ul... |
hashimoto 's thyroiditis ( chronic autoimmune thyroiditis ) is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the united states . with a 510 times preference over men ,
ht is an autoimmune disorder and is characterized by the presence of antithyroperoxidase ( anti - tpo ) antibodies .
a mixed population of lymphocytes ... | hashimoto 's thyroiditis ( ht ) , an autoimmune disorder , is the most prevalent cause of subclinical or overt hypothyroidism in areas with sufficient iodine intake .
the gland is often diffusely enlarged , and the parenchyma is coarsened , hypoechoic , and often hypervascular on ultrasonograpy .
histopathologic ap... |
the broad range of medical images and image processing technologies , representing the integration of computer technology in presurgical planning and surgical procedures are often applied in urology .
such systems can be seen as a combination of several procedures and tools developed in order to overcome the drawback... | introductionthe broad range of medical images and image processing technologies are applied in urology .
the aim was to propose methodology to assess three dimensional ( 3d ) arrangement of renal arterial tree and to build a statistical model for analyzing the layout of arteries in the sections of the kidney.methods... |
glioblastoma ( gb ) is the most common and aggressive primary malignant tumor of the brain in adults in the usa .
more than 10,000 new cases of gb are diagnosed each year , and 50,000 patients have gb . from 1995 to 2007 , overall survival in the usa was 35% for 1 year and < 5% for 5 years .
treatment of gb imposes... | background : glioblastoma ( gb ) treatment remains challenging because of recurrence and poorly defined treatment options after first - line therapy . to better understand real - world application of treatment paradigms and their impact on outcomes ,
we describe patterns of treatment , outcomes , and use of cancer - ... |
the hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) is a small , single - stranded , enveloped rna virus of the flaviviridae family , and can induce hepatitis c and hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) and lymphomas in humans ( 1 ) .
globally , around 130150 million people have chronic hepatitis c infection ( 2 ) . as in the general populatio... | introductioncardiovascular complications are the most important cause of mortality in patients with eskd , such as coronary artery disease , left ventricular hypertrophy , heart failure and arrhythmia .
other well - known risk factors , such as diabetes mellitus , hypertension and dyslipidemia are prevalent in eskd ,... |
galvanic vestibular stimulation ( gvs ) can be applied to induce the feeling of directional
virtual head motion by stimulating the vestibular organs electrically1 .
the mechanisms underlying this response are not yet
understood , although the response is commonly attributed to altered otolith output , and
based... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of galvanic vestibular
stimulation on event - related potentials .
[ subjects and methods ] forty normal female adult
subjects were randomly distributed to a galvanic vestibular stimulation application group
( 20 subjects ) and sham group ( 20 sub... |
in this study , somatic cell cloned embryos were successfully produced on the basis of
a previous report . briefly
, femoral
fibroblasts of an 11-year - old holstein dairy cow from koiwai farm were used as donor
cells for somatic cell cloned embryos .
two cloned holstein cows , cody 1 and cody
2 , were deri... | abstract this study examined two female offspring of a somatic cell cloned holstein cow
that had reproduction problems and milk production performance issues .
the two
offspring heifers , which showed healthy appearances and normal reproductive
characteristics , calved on two separate occasions .
the mean mil... |
instrumented - indentation testing ( also known as nanoindentation ) has been used to investigate the mechanical properties of biological tissues such as bone [ 13 ] , dentin and enamel . in the literature , there is no single protocol to measure the material properties of mineralized tissues by instrumented indentat... | the purpose of the study was to compare quasi - static ( qs ) and harmonic ( csm ) methods of indentation testing .
bone sections were obtained from mid - femoral diaphyses of dogs which received a pair of calcein labels . labeled ( n = 35 ) and unlabeled ( n = 112 ) osteons were identified .
indentation modulus ( ... |
the extent to which hcv infection is associated with sexual exposure has been debated extensively . the 2008 egyptian demographic and health survey estimated that 15% of people aged 1559 years in egypt have anti - hcv antibodies and 10% have chronic hcv infection .
however , this high figure is related to past tran... | we screened for evidence of hcv infection in healthy heterologous monogamous spouses of chronic hcv patients and studied the relation with various risk factors .
a cross - sectional study of fifty healthy monogamous heterosexual spouses of hcv - positive index cases was carried out .
all participants were hbv and h... |
the tryptophan ( trp ) degradation pathways can be divided into four pathways as follows : serotonin , kynurenine , glutarate , and niacin pathways ( fig .
many biologically important compounds such as serotonin , melatonin , kynurenine , kynurenic acid ( ka ) , quinolinic acid ( qa ) , and niacin are synthesized fro... | the aim of this article is to report the organ - specific correlation with tryptophan ( trp ) metabolism obtained by analyses of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase knockout ( tdo - ko ) and quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase knockout ( qprt - ko ) mice models .
we found that tdo - ko mice could biosynthesize the neces... |
glucotoxicity is one of the major factors involved in progressive deterioration of beta - cell function and mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) .
beta - cell function can be improved and leaded to temporary remission in newly diagnosed t2 dm treated with short - term intensive insulin therapy [ 1 , 2 ] .
abo... | aims . to examine the potential differences between multiple daily injection ( mdi ) regimens based on new long - acting insulin analogues ( glargine or detemir ) plus prandial insulin aspart and continuous subcutaneous insulin aspart infusion ( csii ) in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes
. methods . pa... |
brain death ( bd ) in the popular belief is that someone 's brain stops functioning , even though their heart may be kept beating using a machine .
thus , the concept of bd is closely linked to the birth of modern intensive care medicine .
after brain function had ceased , the somatic function being sustained by me... | background : criteria for determining brain death ( bd ) vary between china and the united states .
we reported the results of an investigation designed to compare procedures to determine bd in two countries.methods:the latest criteria in the united states were published in 2010 .
the latest criteria in china were ... |
cementoblastoma is a relatively uncommon benign odontogenic neoplasm of the jaws and was first described by dewey in 1927 .
the benign cementoblastoma is recognized in the world health organization 's ( who 's ) classification ( 1971 ) of periapical odontogenic tumors as one of the four types of cementum - producing ... | cementoblastoma is a relatively uncommon , benign odontogenic neoplasm of jaws .
mandible is affected more than the maxilla .
the lesions are generally diagnosed on a routine radiograph .
the localized expansion of cortical plates is observed .
radiographically , it consists of well - defined radiopacity with a... |
radiofrequency ablation of the accessory pathway ( ap ) is the usual treatment of symptomatic ventricular pre - excitation syndrome ( wolff parkinson white syndrome ) and of asymptomatic pre - excitation syndrome with signs of malignancy at electrophysiological study , .
therefore electrophysiological study ( eps )... | backgroundaccessory pathway ( ap ) ablation is not always easy .
our purpose was to assess the age - related prevalence of ap location , electrophysiological and prognostic data according to this location.methodselectrophysiologic study ( eps ) was performed in 994 patients for a pre - excitation syndrome .
ap loca... |
primary dysmenorrhoea , in absence of a diagnosable pelvic disease and secondary dysmenorrhoea , results from pathologic pelvic problems like endometriosis and inflammatory diseases .
pain starts either before or concurrently with onset of menstruation and lasts for 12 - 72 hours .
although primary dysmenorrhoea is... | background : primary dysmenorrhoea without any specific pelvic disease is one of the common complaints in women`s medicine .
the general purpose of this research is to define the effects of 12-week aquatic exercises on nonathletic girls primary dysmenorrhoea.materials and methods : this quasi - experimental was condu... |
eyelid tumors are uncommon and represent 5 - 10% of all skin cancers . basal cell carcinoma ( bcc )
is the most common histological type representing 90% of all cases followed by squamous cell carcinoma ( scc ) , and less frequently by sebaceous cell carcinoma ( sbcc ) , merkel cell tumor and melanoma .
the most co... | purposenon melanoma skin cancers ( nmsc ) of eyelid are uncommon .
many treatments approach are available with surgery being considered as the gold standard .
radiotherapy is an effective alternative in patients unfit for surgery .
brachytherapy ( bt ) might be a better therapeutic option due high radiation dose ... |
trans 5-o - caffeoylquinic acid ( 1 ) , quercetin-3-o - rutinoside ( 2 ) , luteolin-5-o - rutinoside ( 3 ) and luteolin-7-o - rutinoside ( 4 ) were separated from the plant material , its purity was checked by hplc and structure elucidated by ms spectral data .
water was purified by a milli - q system from millipore ... | four major compounds were separated and identified from the methanol extracts of nerium indicum flowers ( arali ) using hplc and mass spectral data . through mass data ,
the chemical structures were elucidated as : trans5-o - caffeoylquinic acid ( 1 ) , quercetin-3-o- rutinoside ( 2 ) , luteolin-5-o - rutinoside ( 3 ... |
clinical use of aminoglycoside antibiotics is complicated by ototoxicity , a condition characterized by damage to cochlear hair cells , cochlear spiral ganglion cells , and the auditory center .
understanding the molecular events behind the ototoxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics and developing novel , non - toxic ... | backgroundthe aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of acupuncture against gentamicin - induced ototoxicity and explore the possible protective role of neurotrophin-3 ( nt-3).material / methodstwenty - four rats were divided randomly into 4 groups : control group , gentamicin group , neitinggong g... |
we use micropatterning
and strain engineering to encapsulate single
living mammalian cells into transparent tubular architectures consisting
of three - dimensional ( 3d ) rolled - up nanomembranes . by using optical
microscopy
, we demonstrate that these structures are suitable for
the scrutiny of cellular ... | |
the study was conducted at the mata seca state park ( mssp ) , located in the middle so francisco valley in the manga municipality , northern minas gerais state , brazil ( 144836145659 s and 435512440412 w ; fig .
the mssp was created in 2000 and has a total area of 15,466.44 ha consisting predominantly of deciduous... | dung beetle community dynamics are determined by regional rainfall patterns . however ,
little is known about the temporal dynamics of these communities in tropical dry forests ( tdfs ) .
this study was designed to test the following predictions : 1 ) peak diversity of dung beetle species occurs early in the wet se... |
a dysfunction of the dopaminergic reward , or motivation , system has been postulated in patients with schizophrenia .
evidence of a dopamine hypothesis in schizophrenia has been primarily provided by studies of the effects of antipsychotics .
furthermore , positron emission tomography ( pet ) and single - photon e... | the mesolimbic dopaminergic reward system is responsible for the negative affective symptomatology of schizophrenia , which may be related to a low dopamine tonus within the ventral striatum .
the monetary incentive delay ( mid ) task can be used to study the response of the ventral striatum to incentive stimuli .
... |
since its initial development approximately two decades ago , optical coherence tomography ( oct ) has become an indispensable tool in ophthalmic imaging . although it was initially designed to image the posterior segment and retina [ 2 , 3 ] , oct 's capability to generate cross - sectional images of internal biologic... | new advances in anterior segment optical coherence tomography ( oct ) technology development allow visualizing the anterior chamber angle of the eye with high speed and high resolution .
fourier - domain ( fd ) oct instruments working at 840 nm can reliably identify fine angle structures such as the schwalbe 's line ... |
osteosarcoma ( os ) , characterized by the production of osteoid material by malignant osteoblastic cells , is a primary malignant bone tumor deriving from primitive bone - forming mesenchymal cells .
overall , the treatment strategies are preoperative chemotherapy and surgical resection followed by postoperative che... | osteosarcoma ( os ) is the most common malignant bone tumor . to identify os - related specific proteins for early diagnosis of os , a novel approach , surface - enhanced laser desorption / ionization - time - of - flight mass spectrometry ( seldi - tof - ms ) to serum samples from 25 os patients , 16 osteochondroma , ... |
checklists in surgical pathology designed to generate a synoptic section of the report have been associated with an improvement in the completeness of the surgical pathology report , though completeness usually does not exceed 90% .
there are standards for content used in the creation of these checklists as well as... | context : the college of american pathologists ( cap ) requires synoptic reporting of all tumor excisions.objective:to compare the performance of different methods of generating synoptic reports.methods:completeness , amendment rates , rate of timely ordering of ancillary studies ( kras in t4/n1 colon carcinoma ) , and... |
salivary gland disease which include xerostomia , cysts and sjogren 's syndrome - like condition with persistent glandular enlargement and secretory hypofunction have been reported in hiv - infected individuals.[13 ] hiv - salivary gland disease ( sgd ) includes lymphoepithelial lesions and cysts involving the salivary... | aims : to ascertain and compare between highly active antiretroviral therapy ( haart ) and non - haart patients , the stimulated salivary flow rates and unstimulated salivary flow rates ( usfr and ssfr ) and to correlate the salivary flow rates with immune suppression.materials and methods : one hundred human - immuno ... |
while india has achieved the goal of elimination of leprosy as a public health problem , defined as < 1 case per 10,000 population , at the national level in december 2005 , leprosy still persists in certain high endemic districts .
a total of 125,785 new cases were detected during the year 201415 , which gives annua... | despite india achieving the goal of elimination of leprosy as a public health problem , leprosy is still being transmitted in india . however , due to decreased clinical suspicion of leprosy and atypical case presentations , such cases may be not be diagnosed .
we present a case report of an unusual presentation of m... |
coronary artery disease ( cad ) is one of the leading causes of death in all countries .
it also significantly affects rates of disability ( 1 ) . in the past few decades , advances in diagnostic as well as therapeutic methods
nevertheless , half of the deaths in industrial countries and 25% of the deaths in develo... | background : the aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the serum levels of androgens and coronary artery disease ( cad ) in an iranian population.methods:male individuals admitted to tehran heart center and sina hospital , tehran , iran from 20112012 were categorized into cad and control groups base... |
nerve cell survival depends on the balance between the formation and degradation of cellular proteins and damaged organelles .
the ubiquitin - proteasome system and autophagy pathway are the two major mechanisms for maintaining this balance .
the ubiquitin - proteasome system is an important route for the degradati... | evidence suggests that autophagy may be a new therapeutic target for stroke , but whether activation of autophagy increases or decreases the rate of neuronal death is still under debate .
this review summarizes the potential role and possible signaling pathway of autophagy in neuronal survival after cerebral ischemia... |
rifabutin is a semisynthetic derivative of rifampin that is effective for the prophylaxis and treatment of mycobacterium avium complex ( mac ) infection .
it is frequently used in immunocompromised patients with human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) or a history of organ or stem cell transplantation .
anterior uveit... | purposethis study reports a case of bilateral rifabutin - associated uveitis in a child with a history of acute myeloid leukemia.methodswe utilized a clinical case description and brief discussion.resultsa 17-year - old girl presented with acute bilateral anterior uveitis , a hypopyon in the left eye , and moderate bil... |
congenital muscular dystrophy type 1a ( mdc1a ) was first described in 1994 as a variant form of classic congenital muscular dystrophy ( cmd)1 ) .
mdc1a is an autosomal recessive disorder , and patients show absent merosin ( laminin 2 ) on skeletal muscle biopsy . a mutation in the laminin 2 ( lama2 ) gene , located ... | congenital muscular dystrophy type 1a ( mdc1a ) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypotonia , elevated serum creatine kinase level , delayed motor milestones , white matter changes observed by brain magnetic resonance imaging , and normal intelligence .
a mutation in the laminin 2 ( lama2 ) gene , l... |
the assessment of food intake in children and adolescents is desirable for monitoring of
their nutritional status , and
self - report measures of known accuracy have been used on epidemiological
research . to evaluate
the accuracy of these instruments , we use standard methods , such as daily food intake ,
di... | objectiveto compare estimates of food behavior related to oral health obtained through a
self - report measure and 24 hour dietary recalls ( r24h).methodwe applied three r24h and one self - report measure in 87 adolescents .
the estimates
for eleven food items were compared at individual and group levels.resultsn... |
access to medical care is sometimes very difficult to be reached from people living in rural and underserved areas .
the implementation of systems support different telehealth technologies as well as on evidence - based medicine .
a fundamental change in the management and delivery of healthcare , by leveraging tel... | telehealth is the exchange of health information and the provision of health care services through electronic information and communications technology , where participants are separated by geographic , time , social and cultural barriers .
the shift of telemedicine from desktop platforms to wireless and mobile techn... |
in 1971 , fontan and baudet first described a palliative surgery for patients with tricuspid atresia .
it revolutionised the management of patients with complex congenital heart disease characterized by a single functional ventricle .
we describe the anaesthetic management of a 12 year - old girl who had fontan phy... | fontan procedure is a palliative surgery done for patients born with single ventricle physiology .
an understanding of the hemodynamic alterations in such a patient is important for successful perioperative management .
we have discussed the anaesthetic considerations in a 12 year - old girl with complex congenital... |
obesity is one of the most serious and urgent public health problems in western societies because of its metabolic and cardiovascular complications that negatively impact on life expectancy . equally alarming
is the increase of morbid obesity ( bmi 40 kg / m ) that quadrupled over the last decade , whereas extreme ... | this study was undertaken to assess medium - term effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy ( lsg ) on body weight and glucose homeostasis in severely obese type 2 diabetic ( t2 dm ) subjects .
twenty - five obese t2 dm subjects ( 10 m/15 f , age 45 9 years , bmi 48 8 kg / m2 , m sd ) underwent evaluation of a... |
delirium is an acute decline in cognitive function of multifactorial etiology associated with increased risk of death , prolonged hospitalization , dementia , and admission to long - term care centers.17 delirium remains a major nosocomial complication of hospitalized elderly patients that represents significant health... | backgrounddelirium remains a major nosocomial complication of hospitalized elderly .
predictive models for delirium may be useful for identification of high - risk patients for implementation of preventive strategies.objectiveevaluate specific factors for development of delirium in a geriatric ward setting.methodspro... |
the prevalence of gallstones in the united states is approximately 6% in men and 9% in women .
older age , female sex , and obesity are a few risk factors for gallstones .
usually gallstones do not cause any symptoms throughout the lives of most of the people harbouring them .
these stones are called incidental g... | laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( lc ) is currently the treatment of choice for symptomatic gallstones .
associated complications include bile duct injury , retained common bile duct ( cbd ) stones , and migration of surgical clips .
clip migration into the cbd can present with recurrent cholangitis over a period of t... |
silver island films were prepared by vacuum deposition of 7 nm silver onto glass coverslips .
directly before use , films were annealed for 1 min at 300 c under argon .
the sers substrates were immediately immersed in fresh 2 mm ethanolic thiol solutions for 1518 h. to alter the pntp ( fluka , technical grade ... | abstractheterogeneous catalysis is a surface phenomenon . yet , though the catalysis itself takes place on surfaces , the reactants and products rapidly take the form of another physical state , as either a liquid or a gas .
catalytic reactions within a selfassembled monolayer are confined within two dimensions , as ... |
adults use handbags or
shoulder bags , which places a load on one hand or one shoulder , respectively1 .
overly heavy bags , inadequate carrying methods , and bag locations
distribute the weight inappropriately , which can cause abnormal posture and consequent
muscle pain and spinal disorders3 .
however , as ... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to provide information to help maintain correct
posture by identifying gait changes caused by the habits and methods of carrying bags .
[ method ] the subjects were 34 healthy right - handed women . among them , 18 subjects had the
habit of carrying bags on their right si... |
non - communicable diseases ( ncds ) have undoubtedly become a major challenge in the pacific islands , which account for around 70% of all deaths in the region , including a high percentage of premature deaths ( before the age of 60 ) .
the republic of palau bears a high burden of ncds , as well as other pacific isl... | abstractpalau , similar to other pacific island countries , is currently highly burdened with non - communicable diseases ( ncds ) .
the who steps was launched in 2011 to comprehensively survey indicators for ncds in the country .
this paper aims to describe the prevalence of key ncd risk factors assessed by the su... |
cardiovascular disease , type 2 diabetes and obesity are common diseases with major impact on morbidity and mortality in adulthood [ 14 ] . multiple epidemiological studies , of which many have been published in the european journal of epidemiology , identified various risk factors in childhood and adulthood for these ... | many epidemiological studies showed associations of low birth weight with cardiovascular disease , type 2 diabetes and obesity .
the associations seem to be consistent and stronger among subjects with a postnatal catch up growth .
it has been suggested that developmental changes in response to adverse fetal exposur... |
blood samples were obtained from 66 of the 67 factory workers , including the administrative employees . serologic testing was carried out at 2 time points ( december 2006 and december 2007 ) by using a commercial elisa ( serion , wrzburg , germany ) based on plates coated with purified anthrax protective antigen ( pa ... | to determine immunologic reactivity to bacillus anthrax antigens , we conducted serologic testing of workers in a factory that performed scouring of wool and goat hair .
of 66 workers , 10% had circulating antibodies or t lymphocytes that reacted with anthrax protective antigen .
individual immunity varied from und... |
several pathogenetic mechanisms have been proposed in the past , but the entity still remains unclear .
first described its histopathological findings in 1999 , where the transepidermal elimination of urate - like crystals was observed .
the term necrotizing infundibular crystalline folliculitis was first used in ... | necrotizing infundibular crystalline folliculitis is a rare follicular lesion of which the etiology is not well understood .
here we describe the case of a 71-year - old male patient presenting with multiple hyperkeratotic lesions localized on the forehead .
histopathological analysis of one of the lesions revealed... |
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