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cardiovascular diseases ( cvds ) are multifactorial disorders which are characterized by multiple metabolic dysfunctions .
epidemiologic studies indicate that increased serum lipids profiles , elevated plasma fibrinogen , and coagulation factors play critical roles .
it has been estimated that this number will reac... | background : this study was performed to effects of garlic and lemon juice mixture on lipid profile and some cardiovascular risk factors in people 3060 years old with moderate hyperlipidemia.methods:in a parallel - designed randomized controlled clinical trial , a total of 112 hyperlipidemic patients 3060 years , were ... |
cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among iranian women.1 78% of cervical cancer happens in developing countries.23 the incidence of cervical cancer in east azerbaijan of iran , in 2003 - 2004 was 5.11 in 100000 , while it was 11.9 in 100000 for high grade and 3.68 in 100000 for low grade pre - cancerous l... | background : cervical cancer is the most second common cancer among iranian women .
this study was carried out to compare the results of pap smear method and direct visual inspection ( dvi ) with 5% acetic acid in cervical cancer screening in tabriz , iran.material and methods : this cross - sectional study was carri... |
colonization is usually acquired during childhood and is the most common cause of chronic gastritis .
it is also associated with duodenal ulcer , gastric ulcer , gastric adenocarcinoma , and mucosa - associated lymphoid tissue ( malt ) lymphoma . in developing countries , its prevalence is relatively high . in childr... | objectivein developing countries , helicobacter pylori infection is mainly acquired during childhood and may be a predisposing factor for peptic ulcer or gastric cancer later in life .
noninvasive diagnostic tools are particularly useful in children for screening tests and epidemiological studies .
we aimed to dete... |
wet age - related macular degeneration ( wamd ) is a chronic disease and a leading cause of blindness in older patients.13 following the recent introduction of anti - vascular endothelial growth factor ( anti - vegf ) therapy , wamd treatment has changed dramatically , with a switch to improving rather than maintaining... | purposethe purpose of this study was to monitor anti - vascular endothelial growth factor ( anti - vegf ) treatment regimens for wet age - related macular degeneration ( wamd ) in clinical practice and to determine how they impact the physician , patient , and caregiver treatment experience.materials and methodsthis wa... |
many studies over past 2 decades show depression disorder is one of the most important world health problems . according to the who reports
, depression will be the second cause of disability , after heart diseases , in the developed countries toward 2020 .
world health survey also showed that depression is more ha... | background : depression is one of the most important medical problems in today 's world ; despite its high prevalence , its causes unfortunately remain not fully known . among important issues regarding this is its relation with heart diseases . based on studies this comorbidity increase morbidity and mortality and lea... |
a 19-year - old woman was admitted due to slowly progressing right hemiparesis . at the time of admission ,
apart from a slightly drowsy mental status , her presentation was unremarkable with stable vital signs and no past medical history . on physical examination , she had multiple tiny brown pigmented macules on he... | a case of carney complex in a korean patient is presented .
the patient had the characteristics of carney complex including skin lesions , positive family history , and multiple myxomas including a superficial angiomyxoma in the perianal area .
an extensive genetic analysis revealed a novel mutation in the protein ... |
laparoscopic adrenalectomy ( la ) is one of the successful applications of minimally invasive surgical techniques . since its first description ,
la has been adopted quickly as the procedure of choice to treat benign functioning and non - functioning adrenal tumours .
the common indications include aldosteronoma , ... | background : laparoscopic adrenalectomy ( la ) has become the procedure of choice to treat benign functioning and non - functioning adrenal tumours . with improving experience , large adrenal tumours ( > 5 cm ) are being successfully tackled by laparoscopy .
this study aims to present our single unit experience of la... |
ulcerative colitis ( uc ) is an inflammatory bowel disease ( ibd ) whose etiology is only partially known .
it is characterized by diffuse inflammation of the colonic mucosa , which starts in the rectum and extends continuously along the colon .
it is presented in variable clinical course with periods of remission ... | backgroundulcerative colitis ( uc ) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with involvement of the immune system .
chronic inflammatory diseases have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) but few studies have assessed this risk in patients with uc and the influence of drug treatment .... |
gastroesophageal reflux disease ( gerd ) is a highly prevalent disorder affecting approximately 20% of the western population.1 furthermore in asia , where the prevalence of gerd is traditionally low , several reports suggest a rapid increase in prevalence over the last several years.24 the primary option for the treat... | electrical stimulation therapy ( est ) of the lower esophageal sphincter is a relatively new technique for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease ( gerd ) that may address the need of gerd patients , unsatisfied with acid suppressive medication and concerned with the potential risks of surgical fundoplication... |
between september 2007 and august 2010 , we performed arthroscopic surgery in 207 patients . of them ,
the indications for surgery were hip pain with associated mechanical symptoms and intractable pain after conservative treatment for at least 12 weeks . on physical examination , all had a painful range of motion wit... | backgroundacetabular labral tear is a main cause of hip pain and disability , often requiring surgical treatment .
improvements of hip arthroscopic technique have produced positive outcomes after labral repair with arthroscopy .
the purpose of this study was to determine clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction a... |
heart transplantation has been used for the last three decades as a method of treating extreme heart failure .
women constitute one third of heart transplant recipients ; approximately 20% of them are in reproductive age .
pregnancy was contraindicated in women after heart transplantation during the 1990s ; today ,... | pregnancy after organ transplantation is becoming relatively common .
we present the case of a heart transplant recipient who gave birth to a second child . despite the fact that the transplanted heart seems to adapt well to the changes caused by pregnancy , gestation in patients after heart transplantation may be co... |
t helper 17 ( th17 ) cells are a subset of cd4 + th cells characterized by the production of high levels of interleukin ( il)-17a ( also known commonly as il-17 ) . besides il-17a , th17 cells secret other pro - inflammatory cytokines , such as il-21 , il-22 , granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor , and ... | backgroundvitamin d is an import regulator of t helper 17 ( th17 ) differentiation , but our understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains limited . in the present study , we aimed to detect the expression levels of micrornas ( mirnas ) during human th17 differentiation and evaluate the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvi... |
pesticide poisoning is a commonly underdiagnosed condition among farmers , particularly in rural areas and in many developing and developed countries .
generally , pesticide - related morbidity is higher in rural farming communities because these locations suffer a scarcity of health care workers needed to diagnose a... | background : acute pesticide poisoning ( app ) is commonly underdiagnosed in tanzania .
studies in developing countries suggest that a lack of diagnostic skills among health care providers ( hcps ) undermines surveillance for app .
this study aimed at characterizing experience and skills of tanzanian hcps regarding... |
numerous agents , from endogenous and exogenous sources , can induce dna damage in cell genome . at times , the lesion induction mechanisms of these agents are mediated by reactive oxygen species ( ros ) production .
these compounds can play a role in the initial events involved in aging , mutagenesis , and cancer [ ... | stannous chloride ( sncl2 ) and uva induce dna lesions through ros .
the aim of this work was to study the toxicity induced by uva preillumination , followed by sncl2 treatment .
e. coli ber mutants were used to identify genes which could play a role in dna lesion repair generated by these agents .
the survival a... |
vasospasms of the intracranial arteries are a common and well - known complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage .
they are also encountered in other disorders such as cerebral vasculitis or reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome ( rcvs ) .
in contrast , vasospasms of the extracranial circulation occur less fre... | vasospasms of the intracranial arteries are a well - known complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage and are also frequently encountered in other disorders such as migraine , cerebral vasculitis or reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome .
in contrast , recurrent spontaneous vasospasms of the extracranial circula... |
chemical warfare agents ( cwa ) such as sulfur mustard ( sm ) , a vesicant agent , were extensively used against the iranian troops and civilians during 1983 - 1988 .
other proliferating stem cells may also involve and induce long - term impairments , including respiratory and ocular complications .
central retinal... | a 41-year - old man was referred with a complaint of visual loss in his left eye and his best corrected visual acuity was 20/80 .
slit lamp examination showed arborizing conjunctival vessels and dry eye .
fundus examination and fluorescein angiography revealed a non - ischemic central retinal vein occlusion .
car... |
accidents and trauma are one of the worlds most serious , but neglected health problems and is one of the leading causes of mortality in young adults . globally , 26% of all deaths in the age group of 1544 years in 2002 were due to injury . in india , trauma is a major problem , due to a very high incidence of vehicula... | introduction : trauma is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide with infections as important causes of death in such patients . bacterial infections cause activation of monocytes with excessive synthesis of pro - inflammatory cytokines .
hence , this prospective study was conducted to assess the activity of... |
several genes involved in the metabolism of carcinogens have been found to be polymorphic in human populations and are associated with increased risk of cancer at some sites .
this study focuses on the polymorphic enzyme glutathione transferase mu ( gt mu ) .
smokers with low lymphocyte gt mu activity are at an app... | |
intracerebral hematoma ( ich ) and intra - sylvian hematoma ( ish ) occur in 35 - 55% of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage ( sah ) from the ruptured middle cerebral artery ( mca ) aneurysms and that hematomas are associated with poor outcome.8)10)15 ) however , their presence is known to have little effect on the p... | objectiveto clarify the prognosis of the patients with intra - sylvian hematoma ( ish ) and intracerebral hematoma ( ich ) in ruptured middle cerebral artery ( mca ) aneurysms.methodswe categorized hematoma into ish and ich by the presence of intra - hematomal contrast enhancing vessel ( ihcev ) on computed tomography ... |
insulin resistance and abnormal glucose tolerance are frequently observed in chronic liver disease ( cld ) , but the precise mechanism leading to insulin resistance still remains unclear . in an attempt to explain the mechanism of insulin resistance in these patients , several investigators have studied insulin recepto... | 125i - insulin binding to erythrocytes was measured to evaluate the role of insulin receptors in the mechanism of insulin resistance in partients with chronic liver disease ( cld ) .
patients with cld were divided into two groups by the fasting plasma glucose level ( fbs ) and the glucose disappearance rate ( k - glu... |
a 45-year - old woman presented with acute bilateral visual deterioration with duration of one day .
she had been taking fluoxetine , magnesium hydroxide , and hctz for one month to reduce her weight .
she had visited another local ophthalmic clinic on the day of symptom onset , and had been told that the iops of t... | the authors experienced two cases of hydrochlorothiazide ( hctz)-induced acute - onset bilateral myopia and shallowing of the anterior chambers .
two middle - aged women taking hctz , a sulfa derivative , visited our clinic complaining of acute bilateral visual deterioration .
both had good visual acuity without co... |
antrochoanal polyps ( acps ) are benign lesions arising from the edematous mucosa of the maxillary sinus and extending into the choana .
acps constitute 4%6% of all nasal polyps . despite nasal polyposis , acps are typically unilateral .
however , most of the published studies have been unanimous about preponderanc... | background : this study was designed to determine the prevalence of concomitant anatomic variation of paranasal sinuses in patients with antrochoanal polyp ( acp).materials and methods : among patients referred by their clinicians for standard computed tomography scan of paranasal sinuses septal deviation , concha bull... |
human homeostasis , defined as the internal state necessary for establishing systemic equilibrium and maintaining stability , has arguably shifted in less than a century .
it is well documented that individuals adhering to a phytochemical - depleted diet and relatively sedentary lifestyle are more likely to develop o... | the advent of modern medicine has allowed for significant advances within the fields of emergency care , surgery , and infectious disease control .
health threats that were historically responsible for immeasurable tolls on human life are now all but eradicated within certain populations , specifically those that enj... |
clinical presentation of gas under the diaphragm and acute abdomen can be due to rupture of viscus , perforated peptic ulcer disease and rarely spontaneous .
a 38 year old woman presented in accident and emergency ward with a history of acute abdominal pain .
she gave a history of dyspepsia , symptoms of gastritis ... | gas under the diaphragm can be due to like perforation in stomach , duodenum due to peptic ulcer disease , in jejunum or illeum by inflammatory bowel disease or cancer can lead to pneumoperitoneum .
we present a rare cause of pneumoperitoneum following abdominal hysterectomy . |
the limiting factor in these flaps is the unpredictable blood supply , which , if insufficient , may produce irreversible damages to the microcirculation .
this damage results in partial or complete flap necrosis and renders the wound more susceptible to infection , thereby causing further healing impairment ; thus ,... | objective : our aim is to investigate the role of hbo ( hyperbaric oxygen ) , nac ( n - acetylcysteine ) , and hbo plus nac on the necrosis area of random rat 's skin flaps of a modified mcfarlane flap design.materials and methods : thirty - two male wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups : g - s ( sham : n... |
cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) infection is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment .
gastrointestinal infection by cmv includes mainly involvement of the large bowel , especially in patients with underlying inflammatory bowel disease .
gastritis caused by cmv infecti... | a case of gastric outlet obstruction accompanied by diffuse gastritis and gastric ulcer due to cytomegalovirus infection is presented .
the patient , a woman aged 67 years with a long history of rheumatoid arthritis under immunosuppressive treatment ( methotrexate ) , was admitted to our department complaining mostly... |
liver diseases caused by various factors , including viruses , chemicals , drugs , alcohol , genetic factors , or a patient 's own immune system , represent a significant public health problem because liver damage can progress to liver failure .
liver inflammation may be acute , flaring up and resolving within a few ... | objective . necrostatin-1 ( nec-1 ) inhibits receptor - interacting protein 1 ( rip1 ) kinase and programmed necrosis .
this study was designed to examine the protective effects and mechanisms of nec-1 in concanavalin a- ( cona- ) induced hepatitis in mice .
methods .
c57bl/6 mice were exposed to cona via tail ve... |
breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women and has an enormous impact on their health .
the incidence of breast cancer varies between countries with the highest incidence in the united states and northern europe . in the united states breast cancer makes up 30% of all cancers in women , while in the neth... | breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women . in the screening of women for breast cancer
, mammography is the most used imaging modality .
women with an increased risk for getting breast cancer can develop a malignancy at a relatively young age compared to other women .
the increased risk for develop... |
worldwide , metastases are observed in 20%-30% of patients with an initial diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma ( rcc ) , even in those with localized rcc who undergo curative nephrectomy during follow - up . in the immunotherapy ( it )
era , cytokine - mediated it using interferon alpha ( ifn- ) or interleukin-2 ( il-2... | purposethe purpose of this study is to compare the outcomes of first - line systemic targeted therapy ( tt ) and immunotherapy ( it ) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma ( mrcc).materials and methodsthis study was a retrospective review of the data of 262 patients treated with systemic it or tt with tyrosi... |
the in - vivo study on ophthalmic products is done on experimental animals , usually on rabbit 's eye .
preparation volume 50 l is instilled topically in the center of the lower cul - de - sac .
eyes of the animal are observed for signs of irritation and injury . in vitro methods
diclofenac sodium solid lipid nan... | the topically applied drugs as drops are washed off from the eye in very short period , resulting in low ocular bioavailability of drugs .
number of approaches have been attempted to increase the bioavailability and the duration of action of ocular drugs .
this review provides an insight into various novel approach... |
in things necessary , unity ; in things doubtful , liberty . in the previous issue of critical care , nil - weise and colleagues investigate the effectiveness of the semiupright position ( and elements of the ' ventilator bundle ' ) in preventing ventilator - associated pneumonia ( vap ) .
however , while physician... | care bundles aim to improve standard of care and patient outcome by promoting the consistent implementation of a group of effective interventions .
however , a variety of barriers prevent their full application in clinical practice . here
, we discuss some of the benefits and limitations of care bundles in the deli... |
pneumatosis sistoides intestinalis ( psi ) a rare condition that is characterized by gas - filled cysts in the intestinal submucosa and subserosa .
psi may occur as primary or secondary and often seen terminal ileum in the gastrointestinal tract .
respiratory infections , tumor or collagen disease , traumas , immun... | introductionpneumatosis sistoides intestinalis ( psi ) is a rare condition with unknown origin , defined as the appearance of gas - filled cysts in the intestinal wall .
it usually occurs due to respiratory infections , tumor or collagen disease , traumas , immunosuppression.presentation of casethree patients with ps... |
the muscarinic receptors are metabotropic receptors that may be linked to plasma membrane k or ca ion channels [ 1 , 2 ] .
they belong to the superfamily of rhodopsin - like , seven transmembrane domains , single - glycoprotein receptors that are connected by intra- and extracellular loops .
muscarinic receptors in... | muscarinic receptors are expressed by most cell types and mediate cellular signaling of their natural ligand acetylcholine .
thereby , they control numerous central and peripheral physiological organ responses to neuronal activity . in the human lung ,
muscarinic receptors are predominantly expressed by smooth musc... |
schizophrenia is a severe disabling disorder that affects approximately 1% of the worldwide population , but its causes and pathogenesis remain not completely known.1,2 the neurodevelopmental model is , to date , the most widely accepted pathogenetic hypothesis of schizophrenia , although contributions from the neurode... | backgroundthe aim of this study was to assess the association between the clinical and neurobiological markers of neurodevelopmental impairments and early - onset schizophrenia spectrum psychosis.methodsa sample of 36 patients with early - onset schizophrenia spectrum psychosis was compared to a control sample of 36 pa... |
lifestyle is a recognizable behavioral pattern stemming in interaction between personal characteristics of an individual and his / her life circumstances which reflects social values , attitudes , and activities of a person or group .
health care providers , such as doctors , nurses , dietitians , and administrators ... | background and objective : few studies have been done on lifestyle of iranian physicians . as physicians have important role in health promotion , the main goal of the study was to assess the lifestyle of this influential group.materials and methods : a cross - sectional descriptive study was conducted on lifestyle of ... |
parameters predicting bladder outlet obstruction ( boo ) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms ( luts ) include detrusor pressure and maximal urine flow rate in pressure - flow studies . however , pressure - flow studies are invasive because catheterization is required to measure detrusor pressure and are uncomforta... | purposethe present study was done to define the degree of intravesical prostatic protrusion ( ipp ) causing bladder outlet obstruction ( boo ) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph)/lower urinary tract symptoms.materials and methodswe retrospectively evaluated 239 patients with bph , analyzing age , ipp ,... |
approximately one - third of women will be affected by heavy or abnormal uterine bleeding ( aub ) at some time in their lives.1 aub risk factors include age , premenopausal leiomyomata , and endometrial polyps , and aub is a presenting symptom for the majority of women who undergo a hysterectomy.24 aub significantly di... | backgroundwomen with abnormal uterine bleeding ( aub ) may be treated surgically with hysterectomy or global endometrial ablation ( gea ) , an outpatient procedure .
we compared the costs and clinical outcomes of these surgical procedures for aub among women in medicaid programs.methodsthe truven health marketscan me... |
coal is a combustible mineral of organic origin , composed mainly of carbon and hydrocarbons .
the ranking of coal ( its hardness and age ) increases from peat to lignite , sub - bituminous to bituminous , and then to anthracitic . as its rank increases , the ratio of carbon to other chemicals and mineral contaminant... | backgroundaccumulating evidence shows that functional impairment in subjects with coal workers pneumoconiosis ( cwp ) is principally due to emphysema and airflow obstruction , rather than underlying restrictive mechanisms .
however , cigarette smoking has remained a major confounder .
the aim of this study was to a... |
age - related macular degeneration ( amd ) is the leading cause of permanent , irreversible , central blindness ( scotoma in the central visual field makes impossible the following : reading and writing , stereoscopic vision , and recognition of colours and details ) in patients over the age of 50 in industrialized eur... | the products of oxidative stress trigger chronic low - grade inflammation ( pathophysiological parainflammation ) process in amd patients . in early amd ,
soft drusen contain many mediators of chronic low - grade inflammation such as c - reactive protein , adducts of the carboxyethylpyrrole protein , immunoglobulins ... |
these fractures are difficult to treat and operative treatment is usually recommended for favorable outcome [ 14 ] .
these are associated with high energy trauma ( in the youngsters ) and osteoporotic bones ( in the elderly ) and are frequently comminuted and intra - articular .
current generation of distal femor... | background .
intra - articular fractures of distal femur present a huge surgical challenge . the aim of this study is to evaluate functional outcome , fracture healing , and the complications of distal femoral intra - articular fractures using locking compression plates .
material and methods .
we reviewed 46 dis... |
previously described nod.2m.hhd mice ( 17 ) are maintained by sibling matings at the jackson laboratory .
some experiments used an n10 backcross generation nod stock congenically expressing the cd45.2 rather than the cd45.1 variant leukocyte marker .
nod.2m.hhd mice in which antigen - presenting cells ( apcs ) spec... | objectivetype 1 diabetes can be inhibited in standard nod mice by autoantigen - specific immunotherapy targeting pathogenic cd8 + t - cells .
nod.2mnull.hhd mice expressing human hla - a2.1 but lacking murine major histocompatibility complex class i molecules develop diabetes characterized by cd8 t - cells recognizin... |
a long segmental bone defects repair is one of the challenging problems in orthopaedic surgery .
although allogenic bone grafts are a current major option [ 13 ] , this technique is associated with problems of significant failure rates , poor mechanical properties , and immunological rejection .
porous materials ar... | this study aimed to develop a contamination - free porous titanium scaffold by a plasma - activated sintering within an originally developed tin - coated graphite mold . the surface of porous titanium sheet with or without a coated graphite mold was characterized .
the cell adhesion property of porous titanium sheet ... |
women are among the most important foundations of the family and society ; and the health of the community depends to a large extent , on meeting the needs of this group .
menopause is the cessation of menstruation resulting from loss of ovarian follicular function , which is a recognized physiological event in women... | background : one of the most critical stages of women 's lives is menopause and one of the aims of health for all in the 21st century is the improvement of the quality of life.aim and objective : the aim of this study was to determine the effect of exercise on quality of life in postmenopausal women.materials and metho... |
the following active materials were employed in this work : li4ti5o12 ( d50 1.9 m ) from mti corporation , licoo2 ( 710 m ) from sigma aldrich , and anatase tio2 ( < 10 nm ) from sachtleben chemie .
all components of the electrolyte , namely ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate and lipf6 , and metallic lithium ... | the semi - solid flow battery ( ssfb ) is a promising storage energy technology featured by employing semi - solid fluid electrodes containing conductive additive and active li - ion battery materials .
the state of art anode material for ssfb is li4ti5o12 ( lto ) .
this work shows that lto improves drastically the... |
the animal ethics committee and animal care and use committee of the national institute of animal health approved the study .
five holstein calves 23 months of age were intracerebrally injected with 1 ml of 10% ( w / v ) brain homogenates prepared from the medulla oblongata of bse / jp24 . in our earlier report , exp... | we recently reported the intraspecies transmission of l - type atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathy ( bse ) . to clarify the peripheral pathogenesis of l - type bse
, we studied prion distribution in nerve and lymphoid tissues obtained from experimentally challenged cattle . as with classical bse prions , l - ty... |
some hematologic dyscrasias have been associated with thymoma . about 5% of patients with thymoma develop pure red cell aplasia ( prca ) .
other hematologic complications occur far less frequently and include autoimmune hemolytic anemia , pernicious anemia , peripheral neutropenia , agranulocytosis , thrombocytopenia... | aplastic anemia is a rare complication of thymoma and is extremely infrequent after thymectomy .
we present a case of a 60-year - old woman with very severe aplastic anemia appearing sixteen months after thymectomy for a thymoma .
she underwent thymectomy for a thymoma in april 2000 .
preoperative examination rev... |
coagulase negative staphylococci ( cons ) are a major component of the normal flora of human skin and the oral flora found on mucous membranes ( 1 , 2 ) . these gram positive bacteria have been found to be the third most common causative agent of nosocomial infections ( 1 , 2 ) . in addition to their virulence , cons p... | background : coagulase negative staphylococci ( cons ) are one of the most common bacteria found on human skin and on mucous membranes as a component of normal flora .
the presence of cons in clinical specimens is frequently associated with an infectious aetiology or contamination.objectives:we aimed to evaluate cons... |
the chemistry of carbenes has seen an explosive growth both as complexes for metals and as organocatalysts , but our knowledge of the chemistry of the derived enetetramines is much less advanced .
we have recently shown that unactivated alkyl and aryl halides are reduced by enetetramines , acting as very strong neutr... | reaction of imidazolylidene - derived enetetramine 2 with aliphatic iodides and bromides ( and with aryl iodides bearing alkene - containing side - chains in the ortho - position ) leads to formation of aliphatic aldehydes through an unprecedented extrusion of a one - carbon unit from the enetetramine .
an intermedia... |
supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s13659 - 013 - 0057 - 0 and is accessible for authorized users .
| four new diterpenoids , laxiflorins s - v ( 14 ) , bearing four different types , and one known compound , laxiflorin o ( 5 ) , were isolated from isodon eriocalyx var .
laxiflora .
compound 1 was the first example of ent - kauranoids bearing a unique c24 carbon framework and compound 4 was the first example of 3,4... |
hearing disturbance is the third most common chronic disease in elderly individuals , following arthritis and high blood pressure.1 ) hearing disturbance also occurs in younger individuals , due to their frequent exposure to noise.2 ) hearing aids improve hearing by amplifying sound , thus promoting the ability of pati... | background and objectivesincreases in older aged populations and exposure to complicated noise environments have increased the number of hearing - impaired patients , creating greater demands for hearing aids .
we have assessed the reasons that individuals rejected wearing and returned properly prescribed hearing aid... |
approximately 10% of children seen in primary care develop signs of failure to thrive ( ftt ) .
children who do not respond to treatment for inadequate caloric intake or have a suspected organic cause get further laboratory diagnosis to identify the 1% of cases with ftt that result from diagnosable disease . in add... | background . brain natriuretic peptide and its inactive fragment n - terminal pro - bnp ( n - bnp ) are reliable markers of ventricular dysfunction in adults and children .
we analyzed the impact of nutritional state on n - bnp levels in infants with failure to thrive ( ftt ) and in infants with severe heart failure ... |
colon cancer has become the third most common malignancy worldwide , with a morbidity rate that is continuously increasing as the population ages ( 1 ) .
although novel treatment protocols have been developed , the prognosis for colon cancer remains poor , with a 5-year survival rate lower than 40% .
patients with ... | background : tumor necrosis factor receptor - associated factor 6 ( traf6 ) has been reported to be highly expressed in many tumor tissues , but it is still of value to detect its expression in patients with colon cancer and to clarify its clinical significance.objectives:to study the expression and clinical significan... |
the calcifying odontogenic cyst ( coc ) is an uncommon odontogenic lesion , which was described by gorlin et al . in 1962 as a distinct entity .
since then , literature shows a large controversy regarding terminology and classification in spite of the currently acceptation of gorlin 's original designation by the wor... | odontogenic cysts comprise a diverse group of exceptional lesions derived from epithelial elements of the tooth - forming apparatus . calcifying
cystic odontogenic tumor is a rare odontogenic lesion , which represents about 2% of all odontogenic tumors and cysts .
it may occur in a central ( intraosseous ) or perip... |
all - ceramic restorations have gained more popularity due to their high esthetic , high improvement in their fracture strength and good biocompatible properties .
recently , yttria - stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals ( y - tzp ) have been introduced to the dental professionals .
these materials have to b... | purposethis in vitro study aimed to compare the failure load and failure characteristics of two different zirconia framework designs of premolar crowns when subjected to static loading.materials and methodstwo types of zirconia frameworks , conventional 0.5 mm even thickness framework design ( ev ) and 0.8 mm cutback o... |
following thyroid cancer , gastric cancer ( gc ) is the second most common cancer in korea .
recently , as the korean society is aging , there has been an increasing number of elderly patients diagnosed with gc . despite this , there is little data available on the clinicopathological characteristics of gc in elderly... | purposegastric cancer is the third - leading cause of cancer - related death in korea .
as the korean population is ageing , the number of extremely old patients with this disease is increasing .
this study examined the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer in extremely old ( over 85 years ) patient... |
a 19-year - old man injured his left foot in a motorcycle accident . during the fall , the foot was forcibly twisted .
a clinical examination showed that the foot was supinated and severely contaminated on the anterolateral side .
initial radiographs of the ankle revealed complete absence of the talus and fractures... | total talar extrusion without a soft tissue attachment is an extremely rare injury and is rarely reported .
appropriate treatment remains controversial .
we describe the long - term outcomes of two patients who had complete talar extrusion without remaining soft tissue attachment treated with arthrodesis . both of ... |
sudden cardiac death is a major cause of mortality in the industrialized world , and ventricular fibrillation ( vf ) is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death .
an electrical wavebreak in the heart tissue may lead to vf . according to the so - called restitution hypothesis , rate - dependent alteration of action p... | ventricular fibrillation is the cause of the most sudden mortalities .
restitution is one of the specific properties of ventricular cell .
the recent findings have clearly proved the correlation between the slope of restitution curve with ventricular fibrillation .
this ; therefore , mandates the modeling of cell... |
therefore , living organisms persistently explore their environment for extending their boundaries into favorable regions .
one fundamental difference we are taught early on between motile animal and nonmotile plant cells is the way in which they carry out their boundary extension .
motile cells achieve whole - bod... | locomotion clearly sets plants and animals apart .
however , recent studies in higher plants reveal cell - biological and molecular features similar to those observed at the leading edge of animal cells and suggest conservation of boundary extension mechanisms between motile animal cells and nonmotile plant cells . |
one - host cattle tick , rhipicephalus ( boophilus ) microplus ( canestrini 1887 ) , is an economically important ectoparasite of livestock and creates major problem for milk producers in tropical and subtropical countries including india .
it causes severe economic losses by blood loss , reduction in weight gain , a... | the present study was aimed at evaluating effects of malathion on the various reproductive parameters , namely , egg mass weight ( emw ) , reproductive index ( ri ) , percentage inhibition of oviposition ( % io ) , and hatchability percentage of eggs of rhipicephalus ( boophilus ) microplus ( canestrini 1887 ) females ... |
anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( alk ) is a receptor tyrosine kinase of the insulin receptor superfamily , and in mice and humans , the normal expression of alk is largely restricted to the brain and nervous system [ 14 ] .
mice deficient in alk appear to have no overt developmental abnormalities [ 58 ] ; however , behav... | anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( alk ) was first identified in 1994 with the discovery that the gene encoding for this kinase was involved in the t(2;5)(p23;q35 ) chromosomal translocation observed in a subset of anaplastic large cell lymphoma ( alcl ) .
the npm - alk fusion protein generated by this translocation is a c... |
systemic sclerosis ( ssc ) is a complex autoimmune connective tissue disorder with a prevalence of five per 100,000 and an incidence of one per 100,000 .
the skin is invariably involved , but commonly affected internal organs include the cardiovascular system , the lungs and the gastrointestinal system . however , un... | a 31-year - old woman presented with secondary amenorrhoea and inability to conceive , which was of 3 years duration .
she had raynaud s phenomenon for 16 years , primary hypothyroidism for 5 years , digital ulcers for 4 years and skin tightening for 2 years .
she had an expressionless face , with loss of wrinkles ... |
other than skin cancers , prostate cancer ( pca ) is the most common cancer in men and the second cause of death after lung cancer .
the estimated numbers of new cases of pca and deaths in the united states in 2014 are 233,000 and 29,480 , respectively . in brazil , the number of deaths in 2011 was 13,129 , and the e... | purposewe evaluated the utility of 10- , 12- , and 16-core prostate biopsies for detecting prostate cancer ( pca ) and correlated the results with prostate - specific antigen ( psa ) levels , prostate volumes , gleason scores , and detection rates of high - grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia ( hgpin ) and atypic... |
approximately 217,730 persons were diagnosed with prostate cancer in the united states in 2010 , which makes up 28% of all cancers in men . of the 217,730 persons
, 32,250 died , which is the second highest mortality rate of male cancers despite the small number when considering the number of people diagnosed .
the... | purposeto evaluate the validity of the university of california san francisco cancer of the prostate risk assessment - s score ( capra - s score ) , a biochemical indicator of recurrent prostate cancer that uses histopathologic data , in korean prostate cancer patients.materials and methodsa total of 203 prostate cance... |
the most common type of acrylic denture failure is debonding or fracture of the denture teeth , accounting for approximately 33% of failures.1 this failure usually occurs in the anterior region of the denture .
dentists and patients both prefer chair - side repair using auto - polymerized acrylic resin , because it i... | purposethis study evaluated the effect of chemical surface treatment using methyl formate - methyl acetate ( mf - ma ) solution on the tensile bond strength between acrylic denture teeth and auto - polymerized acrylic resin.materials and methodsseventy maxillary central incisor acrylic denture teeth for each of three d... |
the endoplasmic reticulum ( er ) serves as a way station for the transit of secreted proteins , and specifically as a depot devoted to the folding and maturation of proteins and to the assembly of macromolecular protein complexes .
before the protein passenger can exit the station , however , it is subject to a ' sea... | using dna microarrays , 381 genes have been found to be induced in response to unfolded proteins .
the identity of the previously characterized 208 of these , and further experiments , have revealed new details on the scope of the unfolded protein response and its connection to the degradation of proteins at the endo... |
several studies have shown that elevated blood pressure ( bp ) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality .
this relationship is strong and continuous in a range of patient populations and age groups.15 most of the major guidelines for the treatment of hypertension recommend that individuals wi... | irbesartan , an angiotensin ii type 1 receptor antagonist , is approved as monotherapy , or in combination with other drugs , for the treatment of hypertension in many countries worldwide .
data in the literature suggest that irbesartan is effective for reducing blood pressure over a 24-hour period with once - daily ... |
a major constraint to sustainable aquaculture of penaeid prawns is the current industry reliance on wild - caught broodstock .
dependence on wild - caught broodstock stems , for the most part , from reproductive dysfunction in captive - reared females .
the precise physiological factors inhibiting maturation and sp... | in crustaceans , a range of physiological processes involved in ovarian maturation occurs in organs of the cephalothorax including the hepatopancrease , mandibular and y - organ .
additionally , reproduction is regulated by neuropeptide hormones and other proteins released from secretory sites within the eyestalk . r... |
animals : the research was conducted in accordance with the declaration of
helsinki and was approved by the animal experiments committee of riken ( approved i d no .
h24 - 2 - 206 ) . the heterozygous rolling nagoya ( prod - rol/+ )
strain was provided by the riken bioresource center ( tsukuba , japan ) , with su... | abstract ataxic
rolling nagoya ( prod - rol / rol ) mice ,
which carry a mutation in the 1 subunit of the cav2.1 channel
( cacna1a ) gene , were discovered in 1969 .
they show white spots on
agouti coat and have a mutation in the piebald spotting ( s ) locus .
however , mutation analysis of the s locus enco... |
recurrent headaches are prevalent in children and adolescents . up to 89% of these individuals identify stress as a trigger .
yoga offers a complementary and alternative method for this population who often lacks effective relaxation tools for stress relief .
this presentation describes the yoga group offered as pa... | focus areas : integrative approaches to care , supporting behavioral change , alleviating painobjective : recurrent headaches are prevalent in children and adolescents . up to 89% of these individuals identify stress as a trigger .
yoga offers a complementary and alternative method for this population who often lacks... |
hemimegalencephaly ( hme ) is an uncommon anomaly of the brain characterized by one enlarged and dysplastic cerebral hemisphere with different degree of tissue impairment .
it may be an isolated anomaly or associated with syndromes such as neurofibromatosis type i , tuberous sclerosis , epidermal nevus syndrome , pro... | hemimegalencephaly on magnetic resonance imaging scan ( mri ) consists of cortical gray matter almost uniformly abnormal , areas of increased thickness of the cortical gray matter ( gm ) , abnormal gyral patterns , blurring of the grey - white matter transition , atrophy or hemispheric hypertrophy , demyelination , gli... |
the enteric nervous system ( ens ) is composed of the cell bodies and fibers that are localized between the muscle layers throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract .
the ens integrates the motility , secretion , blood flow and immune response of the digestive tract , independent of the extrinsic autonomic inputs .... | to understand the neurochemical properties of the gastric myenteric plexus of ruminants , the expression patterns of calbindin d-28k ( cb ) , calretinin ( cr ) , substance p ( sp ) and calcitonin gene - related peptide ( cgrp ) were explored in the korean native goat . in gastric myenteric plexus , cb and sp immunoreac... |
in contrast to colon cancer , transmural ( t3 and t4 ) and node - positive rectal cancer has a propensity for local recurrence . based on a significant morbidity of local - regional failure and evidence from prospective randomized trials demonstrating improvement in disease - free survival time and local - regional rec... | high - level evidence supports adjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer .
we examined the influence of sociodemographic factors on patterns of adjuvant radiotherapy for resected stage ii / iii rectal cancer .
methods .
patients undergoing surgical resection for stage ii / iii rectal cancer were identified in seer ... |
aortopulmonary window ( apw ) is a rare entity in congenital heart disease with a prevalence of 0.2%0.4% of all the cardiac lesions .
we present an infant with a distal apw who underwent surgical repair of the same and stressed the importance of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography ( tee ) as an invaluable... | aortopulmonary window ( apw ) is a relatively rare cardiac lesion representing approximately 0.2%0.4% of all cardiac malformation .
it is a cardiac abnormality that results from abnormal communication between the proximal aorta and the main pulmonary artery in the presence of two normally separated aortic and pulmona... |
it presents as a painless and slowly growing mass and also as exophthalmoses like in orbital masses .
this study aims to identify the clinical course , surgical treatment and histopathologic properties of pleomorphic adenoma diagnosed in a patient who had painless exophthalmia with an intraorbital mass .
a 62-year ... | we present a case of a 62-year - old male patient with pleomorphic adenoma and painless solid mass in his right eye .
computerized tomography demonstrated a mass with a diameter of 2.5 cm located in the right lacrimal gland .
the mass was removed completely by combined orbitofrontal craniotomy through a transcrania... |
anaplastic astrocytomas are progressive brain tumors with a tendency to infiltrate the surrounding tissue . recurrence is very common , with recurrent tumors being extremely refractory to existing therapies .
case presentation : a 33-year - old woman presented with a history of an unprovoked fall , followed by seizur... | backgroundanaplastic astrocytomas are progressive brain tumors with a tendency to infiltrate the surrounding tissue . recurrence is very common , with recurrent tumors being extremely refractory to existing therapies .
case presentation : a 33-year - old woman presented with a history of an unprovoked fall , followed... |
angiodysplasia is the second most common cause of gi bleeding in elderly patients with end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) .
these lesions respectively account for about 20 and 30% of upper and lower gi bleeding and approximately one - half of recurrent upper gi bleeding .
a double - balloon endoscope ( dbe ) is a n... | gastrointestinal ( gi ) bleeding is a common and troublesome complication of end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) .
patients often have various lesions in the small bowel and in either upper or lower gi tracts .
recently developed double - balloon endoscopy ( dbe ) enables observation of the entire small intestine th... |
avaliar a prevalncia de sintomas respiratrios como motivo para procura de atendimento de emergncia por pacientes adultos e peditricos , descrevendo as principais sndromes clnicas diagnosticadas e o desfecho dos pacientes .
entre novembro de 2008 e novembro de 2009 , o nmero total de atendimentos foi revisado diariame... | objective : to evaluate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms as the motive for emergency room visits by adult and pediatric patients , describing the major clinical syndromes diagnosed and the outcomes of the patients .
methods : a cross - sectional study conducted in the emergency room of a tertiary care universit... |
the quest for important medical knowledge the kind that clarifies understanding of or that leads to successful interventions for important clinical problems has always required departure from accepted norms of medical practice .
innovation in medicine ( i.e. trying out new or revised clinical practices to improve h... | institutionally based research ethics review is a form of peer review that has for better or worse become the norm throughout the world .
the vast majority of research ethics review takes the form of protocol review alone , conducted in advance of the research .
although oversight and monitoring in clinical resea... |
complaints are upper abdominal discomfort and pain , poor appetite and a mass in the abdomen which , in many cases , expressed by the patient himself . physical findings may include hepatomegaly , a mass palpated on the surface of the liver or other organs and abdominal distention in chronic patients ( 2 ) .
herein ,... | background : vast majority of complaints and physical examination findings of hydatid disease are common in emergency room patients .
different emergency presentations of hydatid cyst disease and their treatment are evaluated .
we studied preoperative laboratory findings of these patients to identify any parameters... |
drug - induced phospholipidosis ( pld ) is a lipid storage disorder characterized by the intralysosomal accumulation of polar lipids , membranous lamellar inclusions , and drug .
common primary tissue targets are alveolar macrophages , hepatic kupffer cells , bile duct epithelia , and peripheral blood mononuclear cel... | while phospholipidosis is thought to be an adaptive response to chemical challenge , many phospholipogenic compounds are known to display adverse effects in preclinical species and humans . to investigate the link between phospholipogenic administration and incidence of preclinical histological signals , an internal as... |
dramatic advances in imaging technology , especially for small animal imaging , have been an important driving force in establishing the field of molecular and genomic imaging .
micro - ct system for small animal imaging has been studied since 1990s [ 27 ] and has played a critical role in the evolution of molecular ... | a prototype cone - beam micro - ct system for small animal imaging has been developed by our group recently , which consists of a microfocus x - ray source , a three - dimensional programmable stage with object holder , and a flat - panel x - ray detector .
it has a large field of view ( fov ) , which can acquire the... |
the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in korea is estimated to be 7.3% ( in those over 20 years of age ) , according to a report by the korea national health and nutrition examination survey ( knhns iii , 2005 ) , an approximately five - fold increase from the value 30 years ago [ 1 - 3 ] .
the number of patient... | as in other countries , type 2 diabetes is major health concern in korea . a dramatic increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and its chronic complications has led to an increase in health costs and economic burdens .
early detection of high risk individuals , hidden diabetic patients , and improvement in the q... |
listeria monocytogenes ( lm ) is a facultative anaerobic bacterium which can grow and reproduce inside the host 's cells , making it one of the most virulent food - borne pathogens .
the genus consists of six species i.e. , listeria monocytogenes , l. ivanovii , l. seeligeri , l. innocua , l. welshimeri and l. grayi ... | summaryintroduction.food contamination with listeria monocytogenes is on the increase posing threats to public health with growing trends in food products recalls due to suspected listeria contamination.methods.we conducted a cross - sectional study to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of ... |
a survey of modern studies of colonial medicine suggests that there is a lack of precision about what colonial medicine is or was , and a lot of overlap exists with two other terms : tropical medicine and imperial medicine .
haynes , imperial medicine , 111 ; chakrabarti , medicine and empire , ix xxix . for a... | colonial medicine is a thriving field of study in the history of nineteenth- and twentieth - century medicine .
medicine can be used as a lens to view colonialism in action and as a way to critique colonialism .
this article argues that key debates and ideas from that modern field can fruitfully be applied to the m... |
zinc is one of the imperative micronutrients required relatively in small concentrations ( 5100 mg kg ) in tissues for healthy growth and reproduction of plants .
zinc deficiency in plants leads to reduced membrane integrity and synthesis of carbohydrates , auxins , nucleotides , cytochromes , and chlorophyll and d... | zinc ( zn ) is one of the essential micronutrients required for optimum plant growth .
substantial quantity of applied inorganic zinc in soil is converted into unavailable form .
zinc solubilising bacteria are potential alternates for zinc supplement . among 10 strains screened for zn solubilisation , p29 , p33 , a... |
the recent upsurge of interest to explore the medicinal properties of three - dimensional molecular structures and fragments[14 ] has driven the need for synthetic methodologies that can generate complex scaffolds from acyclic precursors in a single step .
an exemplar of such reactions is the cycloisomerisation of 1,... | x - ray crystal structures of two [ ( diphosphine)au2cl2 ] complexes ( in which diphosphine = p - phos and xylyl - p - phos ; p - phos=[2,2,6,6-tetramethoxy-4,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)-3,3-bipyridine ] ) were determined and compared to the reported structures of similar atropisomeric gold complexes .
correlations betw... |
clinical , case -control , and epidemiologic studies show an association between late - life depression and persistent cognitive deficits , and between history of depression and subsequent dementia , especially ad .
studies of late - life depression generally find significant cognitive impairment , concurrent with af... | there is a strong association between late - life depression , cognitive impairment , cerebrovascular disease , and poor cognitive outcomes , including progressive dementia , especially alzheimer 's disease .
while neuroimaging evidence suggests that cerebrovascular disease plays a prominent role , it seems that depr... |
myocardial infarction ( mi ) is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries and it is characterized by several associated symptomatologies and a poor quality of life .
features of the mi include an increase of cardiac sympathetic nerve activity to elicit inotropic positive response for the maintenance o... | myocardial infarction ( mi ) is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries and it is characterized by several associated symptomatologies and poor quality of life .
recent data showed a possible interaction between infarction and brain inflammation and activity .
previous studies have demonstrated th... |
breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers and a leading cause of death among women worldwide . in 2008 ,
the worldwide incidence of female breast cancer was approximately 1.4 million , and the estimated number of deaths as a result of breast cancer was more than 450,000.1 breast cancer is the seco... | breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer - related death worldwide .
approximately 75% of breast cancer is hormone receptor - positive ( hr+ ) and is managed with endocrine therapies .
however , relapse or disease progression caused by primary or acquired endocrine resistance is frequent .
phosphatidylinositol-... |
many deleterious mutations may then be harmless , because even if one gene suffers a mutation , the redundant gene copy can provide a back - up function .
put differently , after gene duplication - which can arise through polyploidization ( whole - genome duplication ) , non - homologous recombination , or through th... | immediately after a gene duplication event , the duplicate genes have redundant functions .
is natural selection therefore completely relaxed after duplication ?
does one gene evolve more rapidly than the other ?
several recent genome - wide studies have suggested that duplicate genes are always under purifying s... |
proteins of this target class are
classified into readers , writers , and erasers of marks on histones
or other nuclear proteins and dna .
the
complex combinations of these posttranslational marks regulate gene
expression and have been termed the histone code .
bromodomains represent one of the readers
... | bromodomains are readers of the epigenetic code that
specifically bind acetyl - lysine containing recognition sites on proteins .
recently the bet family of bromodomains has been demonstrated to be
druggable through the discovery of potent inhibitors , sparking an
interest in protein
protein interaction inhib... |
the workshop was hosted by the health technology assessment unit at the university calgary , who are actively engaged with the provincial ministry of health to develop a htr model for alberta , canada .
attendees came from a variety of contexts including representation from provincial , national , and international h... | background : health technology reassessment ( htr ) is a structured , evidence - based assessment of the clinical , social , ethical , and economic effects of a technology currently used in the healthcare system , to inform optimal use of that technology in comparison to its alternatives .
the purpose of this study ... |
the main causes are injury to the nervous system , including the central and peripheral nervous systems , or musculoskeletal abnormalities . in rare cases
in particular , paralysis of the limbs can be caused by a conversion disorder after surgical procedures , including laparoscopic operations .
we found a patient ... | limb paralysis can develop for various reasons .
we found a 13-year - old patient who became paralyzed in her lower extremities after laparoscopic appendectomy . some tests , including electrodiagnostic studies and magnetic resonance imaging ,
were performed to evaluate the cause of lower limb paralysis .
none of... |
bufuralol ,
1-hydroxybufuralol , 7-benzyloxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin ( bfc ) ,
7-methoxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin ( mfc ) ,
7-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin , and hydroxytolbutamide were purchased
from bd gentest ( cowley , uk ) .
midazolam , 1-hydroxymidazolam , and
4-hydroxymidazolam were kind ... | in vitro , cytochrome b5 modulates the rate of
cytochrome p450-dependent mono - oxygenation reactions .
however , the role of
this enzyme in determining drug pharmacokinetics in vivo and the
consequential effects on drug absorption distribution , metabolism , excretion ,
and toxicity are unclear . in orde... |
there are few studies that have investigated the relationship between the acute inspiration of very high co2 levels and the time delay and magnitude of the resulting change in ventilation ( ) . at lower ,
more physiological , levels it is generally presumed that the magnitude of the response is directly related to ... | background : the ventilation ( ) response to inspired co2 has been extensively studied , but rarely with concentrations > 10%.aims : these experiments were performed to determine whether would increase correspondingly to higher concentrations and according to conventional chemoreceptor time delays.materials and met... |
in vertebrates , the process of skeletal muscle development occurs in subsequent steps that involve distinct populations of myogenic progenitors , the myoblasts , which arise from the dermomyotomal domain of somitic mesoderm ( christ and ordahl , 1995 ) .
the process of myogenic differentiation is initiated in mesode... | summarysox6 belongs to the sox gene family and plays a pivotal role in fiber type differentiation , suppressing transcription of slow - fiber - specific genes during fetal development . here
, we show that sox6 plays opposite roles in myhc - i regulation , acting as a positive and negative regulator of myhc - i expre... |
delirium is a neuropsychiatric disorder secondary to a general medical condition and represents a serious complication of the underlying disease or its treatment .
three subtypes of delirium can be distinguished : ( 1 ) hypoactive delirium , which is characterized by apathy , decreased responsiveness , and withdrawal... | purposedelirium is a poor - prognosis neuropsychiatric disorder . pediatric delirium ( pd )
remains understudied , particularly at pediatric intensive care units ( picu ) .
although the pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium ( paed ) scale , the delirium rating scale ( drs-88 ) , and the delirium rating scale - re... |
rickets is still a common health problem and is considered to be a challenge even in developed countries .
epidemiological data are not available in many countries , etiology is sometimes difficult to establish and vitamin d supplementation and rickets treatment have been debated for a long time .
a child aged 10 m... | there are two types of vitamin d dependent rickets ( vddr ) that cause rickets in children .
vddr type 1 ( vddr - i ) is caused by an inborn error of vitamin d metabolism , which interferes with renal conversion of calcidiol ( 25ohd ) to calcitriol ( 1,25(oh)2d ) by the enzyme 1--hydroxylase .
patients with vddr - ... |
behet 's disease ( bd ) is a chronic , multisystemic , relapsing inflammatory disorder , characterized by recurrent oral ulcers , genital ulcers , uveitis , and skin lesions .
it also attacks other systems involving the musculoskeletal system , blood vessels , nervous system , and gastrointestinal tract .
bd is pre... | background : the distinction between intestinal behet 's disease ( bd ) and crohn 's disease ( cd ) is always challenging due to many overlapping clinical features .
we conducted a retrospective study to reveal valuable strategies for the differential diagnosis between intestinal bd and cd in chinese patients based o... |
in most emergency departments , nursing personnel or medical technicians attempt initial intravenous catheter placement . if the initial attempts are unsuccessful , physicians are then asked to either assist or attempt a line placement . in cases
where initial attempts have been unsuccessful , ultrasound can be used ... | backgroundvascular access is a critical skill for emergency physicians .
however , it can be unpredictably challenging in some patients .
while ultrasound - guided vascular access has been encouraged in emergency departments , there have been few studies evaluating echo - enhanced needles and their usefulness in pe... |
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