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eighteen sedentary obese subjects with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes who were not being treated with diabetes medications were randomized to one of three treatment groups : 1 ) placebo ( saline ; four men and two women ; age : 60 3 years ; bmi : 36 1 kg / m ; hba1c : 7.8 0.3% ; fasting plasma glucose concentration...
objectiveleptin therapy improves insulin sensitivity in people with leptin deficiency , but it is not known whether it improves insulin action in people who are not leptin deficient . the purpose of the current study was to determine whether leptin treatment has weight loss independent effects on insulin action in ...
there is no diagnostic difficulty in these cases . sometimes , the cyst lining may ulcerate focally or completely without any trace of the lining squamous epithelium , eliciting a foreign body giant cell reaction . in such cases , the nature of the lesion is evident only by the presence of extruded keratin flakes sur...
epidermal cyst is a very common benign cystic lesion of the skin . it is usual to find ulceration of the lining epithelium , rupture of the cyst wall with chronic inflammation and foreign body giant cell reaction . but , it is very rare to see an epidermal cyst with marked accumulation of melanin pigment . only a...
there are several studies dealing with sexual behavior , people 's attitude towards hiv / aids and hiv testing[14 ] . in zimbabwe , one study found that the prevalence of hiv among monogamous women was 21.8% . these factors are the husbands having children with other women , more than five years age difference within...
background : hiv / aids is a problem in developing countries including jamaica . there are several studies dealing with hiv / aids in jamaica but given the increasing rate of the infection , ongoing studies are necessary.aims:this study examines the sexual behavior and attitude of non - hiv testers in jamaica in orde...
intrusion of the gas into the bowel wall is due to mucosal or immune compromise . acute massive gastric dilatation with intragastric pressure > 30 cm h2o has been shown to decrease intramural blood flow , leading to necrosis . traditionally , pneumatosis of the intestine has been considered an ominous sign suggesti...
gastric pneumatosis is a radiographic finding that represents a spectrum of conditions ranging from benign disease to abdominal sepsis and death . along with portal venous gas , it is generally considered an ominous sign prompting emergent operative intervention . we report a rare case showing that diagnostic lapar...
treatment of the residual alveolar defect in patients with cleft lip and palate often requires bone grafting . an important goal for this treatment , apart from restoring the missing alveolar bone in the cleft area , is to obtain favorable periodontal conditions for the teeth adjacent to the defect . attempts to mo...
multiple literature addresses cleft alveolar bone , with little consensus on the preferred surgical technique . hence , we described a transoral approach for repair of cleft alveolar bone with z - plasty and using bioactive glass . study design : case presentation and surgical technique description . in conclusion ...
dry eye disease ( ded ) , also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca , is a complex condition that affects the ocular surface . alterations in the quality and/or quantity of the tear film result in an instable tear film . patients with ded report ocular discomfort and irritation in conjunction with photophobia and bl...
purposethe purpose was to characterize the biomarkers associated with sjgren s syndrome ( ss ) identified in the serological samples of patients with recalcitrant dry eye disease ; additionally , the modalities utilized in the treatment of dry eye disease were evaluated for subsets of patients with and without ss.patie...
although cataract surgery is highly effective and relatively safe , owing to the enormous numbers , even uncommon surgical complications could be potentially harmful for many patients . endophthalmitis is one of the most serious complications of cataract surgery , affecting around 0.1% of the cases , and often result...
we aimed at reporting the first case of rapidly progressive acute postoperative endophthalmitis after phacoemulsification cataract surgery in an immunocompetent patient caused by rothia mucilaginosa . an immunocompetent patient manifested endophthalmitis signs 48 hours after an uncomplicated cataract surgery by phaco...
bronchogenic carcinoma is the most common malignant lung tumor and accounts for 95% of the lung malignancies . it is divided mainly into two groups : non - small cell carcinoma ( which includes squamous cell carcinoma , adenocarcinoma , and large cell carcinoma ) and small cell carcinoma . one of the rare tumor of ...
pulmonary carcinosarcoma is a rare lung tumor , which contains both malignant carcinomatous and heterotopic sarcomatous components . there are only few case reports on the imaging diagnosis of this rare tumor . herein , we present the radiological findings of this rare tumor , which was suspected on computed tomograp...
the institute of medicine ( iom ) has defined patient safety as the prevention of harm to patients . patient safety includes risk assessment , identification , management of patient related risk , reporting and analysis of incidents and the capacity to learn from and follow - up incidents and implement solutions to...
objective : the objective of this study was to assess the attitude of physicians at primary health - care centers ( phcc ) in aseer region toward patient safety.materials and methods : this study was conducted among working primary health - care physicians in aseer region , saudi arabia , in august 2011 . a self - ad...
data uncertainty widely exists in realistic problems due to their random nature , measurement errors , or other reasons . as a result , decision making inherently involves consideration of such uncertainties since the solution of an optimization problem often exhibits high sensitivity to data perturbations , an...
in this paper , we study the solution quality of robust optimization problems when they are used to approximate probabilistic constraints and propose a novel method to improve the quality . two solution frameworks are first compared : ( 1 ) the traditional robust optimization framework which only uses the a...
based on the type of acrylic resin used , the specimens were divided into three groups with 10 specimens each . they were group 1 - conventional denture base resins , group 2 - high impact denture base resins , and group 3 - glass reinforced denture base resins . each group was subjected to flexural strength evalua...
aim : the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the flexural strength of a commercially available , heat polymerized acrylic denture base material could be improved using reinforcements.materials and methods : a total of 30 specimens ( 65 mm 10 mm 3 mm ) were fabricated ; the specimens were divided into three gro...
although not a diagnostic symptom of autism spectrum disorder ( asd ) , deficits in face processing represent a model domain in which to understand some of the core behavioral and neural features of autism . for example , many components of face processing ( e.g. , identity recognition , expression recognition ) are ...
despite the impressive literature describing atypical neural activation in visuoperceptual face processing regions in autism , almost nothing is known about whether these perturbations extend to more affective regions in the circuitry and whether they bear any relationship to symptom severity or atypical behavior . u...
children with craniosynostosis develop an abnormal head shape due to the premature closure of one or more cranial sutures . this congenital malformation occurs in one in 2100 to 2500 births . in up to 20% of these cases it is part of a syndrome , such as apert , crouzon , muenke and saethre - chotzen , caused by muta...
purposebrain abnormalities in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis can either be a direct result of the genetic defect or develop secondary to compression due to craniosynostosis , raised icp or hydrocephalus . today it is unknown whether children with syndromic craniosynostosis have normal brain volumes . the ...
three hospitals providing inpatient clinical care were identified in the western kenyan highlands ( figure 1 ) . these hospitals were selected because malaria epidemics had been reported within the last 5 years where they were located , and complete clinical records , spanning more than 10 years , were available for ...
epidemic detection algorithms are being increasingly recommended for malaria surveillance in sub - saharan africa . we present the results of applying three simple epidemic detection techniques to routinely collected longitudinal pediatric malaria admissions data from three health facilities in the highlands of weste...
metastases to organs such as the liver , bones or central nervous system appear to be a frequent complication of lung cancer , whereas metastases to the suprarenal glands are found less frequently . metastases of lung cancer to the spleen are a great rarity and they are described sporadically . an adrenal gland tumor...
metastases of lung cancer to such organs as the liver , bones or to the central nervous system appear to be a frequent complication of this disease . at the same time , metastases to the adrenal gland are found less frequently . metastases of lung cancer to the spleen are a great rarity and they are described sporadi...
alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is a neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly characterized by progressive dementia [ 1 , 2 ] . the disorder probably begins many years before the first clinical symptoms are evident [ 3 , 4 ] . recent studies have demonstrated that during the presymptomatic phase , neuronal degeneratio...
to evaluate the hypothesis that quantitative eeg ( qeeg ) analysis is susceptible to detect early functional changes in familial alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) preclinical stages . three groups of subjects were selected from five extended families with hereditary ad : a probable ad group ( 18 subjects ) , an asymptomati...
teaching - learning is a dynamic process and depending on the subject it can be accomplished by various ways and means . problem - based learning ( pbl ) is a student - centered approach in which students learn through analyzing and solving problems . the goals of pbl are to help the students develop flexible knowl...
aim : this paper describes how in a problem - based learning ( pbl ) medical curriculum , having identified the learning outcomes , problems can be developed from real - life events for teaching - learning clinical pharmacology topics for which pbl cases might be inadequate . such problems can be very interesting and...
since 2010 , the us national health interview survey ( nhis ) has included questions assessing pain persistence and pain bothersomeness . these questions were developed and piloted as part of an international initiative under the purview of the washington group on disability statistics,1 constituted by the united nat...
backgroundbased on qualitative and mixed - method approaches , miller and loeb have proposed a coding system that combines questions on pain persistence and bothersomeness to create discrete categories of increasing pain severity for use in large population - based surveys . in the current analyses , using data from th...
new - generation sequencing technologies have substantially enhanced the development of genomic tools to assist in breeding decisions . among many techniques , genotyping technologies have enabled breeders or researchers to identify dna regions or quantitative trait loci ( qtl ) associated with a particular phenotypi...
previous studies in holstein have shown 35% to 51.8% heritability in milk production traits , such as milk yield , fat , and protein , using pedigree data . other studies in complex human traits could be captured by common single - nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) , and their genetic variations , attributed to chrom...
pulmonary embolism ( pe ) is a relatively common cardiovascular emergency , and is associated with a high mortality.1 ) in this respect , early diagnosis of pe is clinically important . because of the variable and nonspecific clinical presentations of pe , a diagnostic testing like computed tomographic pulmonary angiog...
we describe a 42-year - old man presenting to the emergency department with cardiogenic shock . he had a prior history of acute pulmonary embolism ( pe ) , and had been on anticoagulation for 2 years . although computed tomographic pulmonary angiography performed at the emergency department showed no change in the ...
the english longitudinal study of ageing ( elsa ) is a prospective observational study of community - dwelling people aged 50 years and over in england . at baseline , in 20022003 , the sample comprised 11 391 core participants who were recruited from households that had earlier participated in the health survey for ...
backgrounddespite the importance of socioeconomic position for survival , total wealth , which is a measure of accumulation of assets over the life course , has been underinvestigated as a predictor of mortality . we investigated the association between total wealth and mortality at older ages.methodswe estimated cox...
children with spina bifida develop a wide variety of congenital and acquired orthopedic deformities including knee flexion contractures . knee flexion contractures in children with spina bifida affect children s functional activities and interfere with the ability of children to transfer and walk1 . a limited...
[ purpose ] the purpose of this case report is to describe for the first time , the use of serial casting in the management of knee joint flexion contracture for a young child with spina bifida . [ case description ] the child was 6 years old , and had l3l4 spina bifida level lesion with quadriceps muscle stre...
however , only a minority of patients with such a history are actually allergic to penicillin(s ) , based on the results of allergological work - up . in real life , most physicians prefer to prescribe alternate antibiotics to these patients , unless a penicillin allergic status can be excluded [ 3 , 4 ] . since the pr...
the purpose of this study was to compare the management of patients with a history of penicillin allergy between allergists and non - allergists in thailand . a questionnaire was distributed to thai physicians by online survey . the answers from 205 physicians were analyzed . the discrepancy of penicillin allergy...
traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) is characterized by intracranial damage resulting from an external force and can be the product of physical insults such as puncture , blunt impact , or blast ( maas et al . , 2008 ) . tbi affects 1.7 million people annually , presenting a significant economic burden , and is particular...
the pathologic process of chronic phase traumatic brain injury is associated with spreading inflammation , cell death , and neural dysfunction . it is thought that sequestration of inflammatory mediators can facilitate recovery and promote an environment that fosters cellular regeneration . studies have targeted po...
the study protocol was approved by the local ethics committee , and written informed consent was obtained from the parents or guardians of each patient . we studied 44 probands with pndm diagnosed before 6 months of age , who had been referred to the molecular genetics laboratory at the peninsula medical school in ex...
objectiveneurod1 is expressed in both developing and mature -cells . studies in mice suggest that this basic helix - loop - helix transcription factor is critical in the development of endocrine cell lineage . heterozygous mutations have previously been identified as a rare cause of maturity - onset diabetes of the...
the systems for controlled delivery of the medicaments in the body are causing real revolution in the medicine and pharmacy in the recent years , and all in favor of better medical treatments of the patients . using the system for the controlled and balanced release of medicaments , opposing to standard and con...
this paper is covering new , simplistic method of obtaining the system for controlled delivery of the ascorbic acid . copolymer poly ( d , l - lactide - co - glycolide ) ( dlplg ) nanoparticles are produced using physical method with solvent / nonsolvent systems where obtained solutions were centrifuged . the e...
morphine , the main component of opium , is perhaps the oldest drug known to man . pure morphine was isolated in 1803 by sertrner ( schmitz 1985 ) , and its structure was elucidated 120 years later . full systemic name of morphine is 7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methyl-(5 , 6)-morphinan-3,6-diol . morphine was found...
morphine is considered the gold standard for relieving pain and is currently one of the most effective drugs available clinically for the management of severe pain associated with cancer . in addition to its use in the treatment of pain , morphine appears to be important in the regulation of neoplastic tissue . a...
from january 1999 to december 2000 , aft was performed on patients aged 2575 years who had type 2 diabetes at the university - affiliated diabetes center of st . patients with normal aft results were recruited ( n = 1,021 ) and received follow - up aft from january 2006 to february 2008 . patients were excluded if ...
objective we investigated whether cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction was associated with glycemic control status over time in patients with type 2 diabetes.research design and methods from 1999 to 2000 , cardiovascular autonomic nerve function testing ( aft ) was performed on patients with type 2 diabetes ( n = 1,0...
since the introduction of the cephalometer in 1931 , cephalometric analysis has become an important clinical tool in diagnosis , treatment planning , evaluation of growth , or treatment results and research [ 2 , 3 ] . recently , due to the affordability of digital radiographic imaging , the demand for the medical pr...
several efforts have been made to completely automate cephalometric analysis by automatic landmark search . however , accuracy obtained was worse than manual identification in every study . the analogue - to - digital conversion of x - ray has been claimed to be the main problem . therefore the aim of this investig...
end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) is a potential outcome of chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) . the prevalence and incidence of esrd as a worldwide public health concern are increasing in developed and developing countries . according to the report published by the management center for transplantation and special di...
background : kidney transplantation is a preferred treatment for many patients with end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) and is far more profitable than hemodialysis . analyzing renal transplantation data can help to evaluate the effectiveness of transplantation interventions . the aim of this study was to determine th...
the rat genome database ( rgd , ) is the model organism database for the laboratory rat , rattus norvegicus . the primary goal of the database is to provide convenient access to high quality data about the genes and genome of the rat and to support the goals of researchers using the rat as a genetic and genomic model...
the rat genome database ( rgd , ) is one of the core resources for rat genomics and recent developments have focused on providing support for disease - based research using the rat model . recognizing the importance of the rat as a disease model we have employed targeted curation strategies to curate genes , qtl and st...
female sexual dysfunction is a serious , common , multifactorial general health problem which is usually neglected in the general population while affecting the women 's quality of life to a great extent ( 1 ) . lack of sexual health and security will result in anger , excessive rage , depression , drug abuse , lack ...
backgroundorgasmic disorder can create a feeling of deprivation and failure and provide mental problems , incompatibility and marital discord . this study aimed to compare the effects of elaeagnus angustifolia flower extract and sildenafil citrate on female orgasmic disorder in women in 2013.methodsin this randomized...
the cytosolic free ca concentration ( [ ca]i ) in eukaryotic cells is in the low nanomolar range ( ~100 nm ) , and transient modifications of this concentration serve as an intracellular mechanism for cell signaling because of the existence of a variety of effectors that are sensitive to such transient increases . fo...
calcium ion ( ca2 + ) concentration plays a key role in cell signaling in eukaryotic cells . at the cellular level , ca2 + directly participates in such diverse cellular events as adhesion and migration , differentiation , contraction , secretion , synaptic transmission , fertilization , and cell death . as a consequ...
assisting couples to achieve their desired family size ought to be the prime purpose of any family planning program . fertility control is facilitated when long - acting contraceptives are promoted and made available to all eligible women looking for long - term spacing . approximately 20% of currently married wome...
introduction : acceptance rate of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device ( ppiucd ) offered through a public health approach is unknown . our aim was to describe the acceptance rate , expulsion , and follow - up and factors associated with it when ppiucd was offered to women delivering at two primary health cente...
neurofibromatosis-1 ( nf1 ) , also known as von recklinghausen disease , is an inherited , autosomal dominant disease phenotypically characterized by multiple caf au lait spots , lisch nodules , freckling , and development of neurofibromas , and in some cases , their malignant derivatives 1 . also , gastrointestinal ...
gastrointestinal stromal tumor ( gist ) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the digestive tract . gists develop with relatively high incidence in patients with neurofibromatosis-1 syndrome ( nf1 ) . mutational activation of kit or pdgfra is believed to be a driving force in the pathogenesis of familial and spor...
the prevalence of distal symmetric polyneuropathy ( dsp ) is greater than 3% and is even higher in the elderly ( 1,2 ) . this common condition causes significant morbidity and is associated with pain , falls , and reduced quality of life ( 3,4 ) . while diabetes is by far the number one cause , enhanced glucose contr...
objectiveprevious studies demonstrate that the metabolic syndrome is associated with distal symmetric polyneuropathy ( dsp ) . we aimed to determine the magnitude of this effect and the precise components involved.research design and methodswe determined the symptomatic dsp prevalence in the health , aging , and body...
zingiberaceae , one of the largest families of the plant kingdom , is an important natural resource that provides many useful food products , spices , and traditional medicines to treat a variety of diseases [ 1 , 2 ] . the consumption of herbal products for therapeutic purposes and to promote wellness is widely popu...
the arsenic accumulation in rhizomes of zingiberaceous plants was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry interfaced with hydride generation system ( hg - aas ) . the raw herbal materials , rhizomes , were collected from different regions of thailand between december 2011 and january 2012 . six well - known zi...
cell polarity is maintained in part by targeted vesicular trafficking to the apical and basolateral membrane domains as well as the primary cilium of polarized cells . the cilium is a rod - like organelle featured on the apical plasma membrane domain on most epithelial cells in vertebrates , increasing evidence indic...
the role of the exocyst complex has been studied mainly in the context of basolateral sorting of cargos in polarized cells . recent developments indicate an extended yet specific function of the exocyst in the outgrowth of the primary cilium from the apical membrane , thereby highlighting a role for the exocyst in en...
alexandrite laser ( 755 nm ) is one of the most common methods of hair removal . however , the disuse of protective goggles during the application of this laser is a serious problem . alexandrite laser light is visible , and it is known that ocular injuries may occur during the use of alexandrite laser when protect...
alexandrite laser is one of the most common methods of hair removal . its utilization is gradually increasing due to easy accessibility and high effectiveness . however , the disuse of protective goggles during the application of this laser is a serious problem . in this case report , we presented a 35-year - old...
in the present world , the prime requisite is to maintain global sulphur balance in the environment including wadden sea and other associated ocean belts . this therefore would make a better and safe environment to dwell in . in the foremost stage , formation of thiosulphate ( s2o3 ) occurs from sulphide ( s ) in a...
thiosulphate oxidation ( an essential mechanism ) serves to maintain the global sulphur cycle . earlier experimental and computational studies dealt with environmental thiosulphate oxidation but none dealt with thiosulphate oxidation from deep ocean belts . wet - laboratory experimental research shows that epsilon ...
chikungunya is a mosquito - borne virus ( family togaviridae , genus alphavirus ) , first identified more than 60 years ago in modern - day tanzania , which is responsible for outbreaks of acute febrile polyarthralgia . epidemics have been described in africa , the middle east , europe , india , southeast asia , and ...
a large epidemic of chikungunya fever currently affects the caribbean , central and south america . despite a high number of reported cases , little is known on the occurrence of severe clinical complications . we describe four venezuelan patients with a severe and/or lethal course who exhibit unusual manifestation...
early - onset dementia ( at age < 65 years ) is an uncommon but important group of disorders . it has devastating impact on the lives of patients and families and deserves attention of the clinicians . dementia in younger people usually has some demonstrable secondary etiology ( psychiatric illness , alcohol or dru...
dementia with the onset before the age of 65 years is classified as early - onset dementia . although uncommon , it has considerable impact on the lives of patients and care givers , alike . a substantial subset of patients may have underlying reversible causes . yet , many , especially those of the very young may ...
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura ( ttp ) is a life - threatening disorder classically presenting with fever , thrombocytopenia , microangiopathic hemolytic anemia , renal dysfunction , and neurological impairment as well as various multiorgan complications and a mortality rate reaching 95% for untreated cases.1 the ...
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura ( ttp ) is a rare , life - threatening disorder . this paper describes the case of a 39-year - old sudanese male who presented to the emergency room with fever , jaundice , decreased level of consciousness , and worsening kidney function for 7 days , a high lactate dehydrogenase le...
leptospirosis is one of the most important zoonoses infecting both developing and developed countries in the world . , leptospirosis was also associated with recreational activities through exposure to the contaminated soil or water [ 35 ] . an increasing number of people involved in outdoor activities have increas...
the presence of pathogenic leptospira spp . in the environment poses threats to human health . the aim of this study was to detect and characterize leptospira spp . from environmental samples . a total of 144 samples comprised of 72 soil and 72 water samples were collected from markets and recreational areas in a n...
bovine dermatophilosis is a severe skin infection of tropical ruminants inducing a severe loss in productivity and a 15% mortality rate . this disease is caused by the actinomycete bacterium dermatophilus congolensis associated with the tick amblyomma variegatum . currently there are no prospects for a vaccine , an...
feeding practices in the first few days of life play an important role in neonatal health : studies in nepal , india , and ghana have reported that newborns who were first breastfed within 24 hours of birth had a lower risk of neonatal mortality relative to newborns for whom breastfeeding was initiated after ...
objectivesnewborn feeding practices are important to neonatal health and survival , but understudied in sub - saharan africa . we assessed the prevalence and determinants of newborn feeding practices in burkina faso.study designan 18 000 household survey was conducted in rural burkina faso in 20102011 . women...
diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes which affects around 50 percent of patients . there is much debate about the pathogenesis of this condition but a lot of studies consider hyperglycemia as the main initiating factor ( 2 - 5 ) . hyperglycemia may lead to neuropathy as a consequence of increasi...
objective ( s ) : hyperglycemia is widely recognized as the underlying cause for some debilitating conditions in diabetic patients . the role of cannabinoid cb1 and vanilloid trpv1 receptors and their endogenous agonists , endovanilloids , in diabetic neuropathy is shown in many studies . here we have used pc12 cel...
the rapidly destructive coxarthrosis was first reported by postel and kerboull in 1970 and has been a rare disease ever since . until the present day , the exact etiology has not been established123 ) . initially , pain is the only symptom while the plain radiograph shows no abnormal findings . narrowing of involve...
purposethe purpose of this study is to compare the perioperative blood loss in primary non - cemented total hip arthroplasty ( tha ) performed for rapidly destructive coxarthrosis ( rdc ) with the perioperative blood loss in primary non - cemented tha for typical osteonecrosis of the femoral head ( onfh).materials and ...
the major adverse consequences of hearing impairment for an individual 's social , emotional , cognitive , behavioral , and economic well - being and overall quality of life are well documented in the literature17 . however , these devices may not fully compensate for severe and/or profound hearing loss in which the ...
summary introduction : in recent years , the benefits associated with the use of cochlear implants ( cis ) , especially with regard to speech perception , have proven to surpass those produced by the use of hearing aids , making cis a highly efficient resource for patients with severe / profound hearing loss . howev...
hypertensive crisis is defined as a sudden and abrupt elevation in blood pressure ( bp ) . it is subclassified into hypertensive emergency and hypertensive urgency based on the presence or absence of end - organ damage . renal parenchymal disease , renal artery stenosis , coarctation of the aorta , and neuro - endo...
pediatric hypertensive crisis is a potentially life threatening medical emergency , usually secondary to an underlying disease . hypertension commonly occurs during general anesthesia , and is usually promptly and appropriately treated by anesthesiologists . however in children with severe , unexplained , or refrac...
unanticipated difficult laryngoscopic intubation has been a major concern for anesthesiologists , and the incidence ranges from 0.05% to 18% . failure to maintain the patency of the airway after induction of anesthesia can lead to catastrophic sequelae , such as irreversible brain damage and death . suggested a simpl...
background and aims : difficult ventilation and intubation have been recognized as the forerunners of hypoxic brain damage during anesthesia . to overcome catastrophic events during anesthesia , an assessment of the airway before induction is of paramount importance . we designed this study to compare the effect of p...
obesity is an epidemic and a significant health threat both in the united states and all around the world . poor dietary habits and lack of physical activity are the two main contributors to this growing health crisis . new smartphone applications and research projects aim at helping people track their daily food i...
energy expenditure ( ee ) estimation is an important factor in tracking personal activity and preventing chronic diseases , such as obesity and diabetes . accurate and real - time ee estimation utilizing small wearable sensors is a difficult task , primarily because the most existing schemes work offline or use heuri...
cognitive treatments using computers , which began with memory training , are being widely used these days1 . computer - assisted cognitive rehabilitation has advantages , in that it provides personalized treatment based on a subject s neuropsychological pattern to stimulate impaired areas2 . a computer - ass...
[ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a six - week - long computer - assisted cognitive rehabilitation training program on the improvement of cognition and balance abilities of the elderly . [ subjects ] thirty healthy elderly people , aged 65 to 80 , were randomly assigned eit...
insomnia , agitation , and anxiety are common presentations to primary care clinicians , with these frequently being treated with anxiolytic and hypnotic medications ( defined by the british national formulary [ bnf ] chapters 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 ) . these medications may also be used as part of a program of alcohol with...
introduction : over the last few years , hypnotic and anxiolytic medications have had their clinical efficacy questioned in the context of concerns regarding dependence , tolerance alongside other adverse effects . it remains unclear how these concerns have impacted clinical prescribing practice.materials and methods...
during the islamic scientific golden age that started in the 9th century , islamic medicine greatly influenced european science , an effect that continued until the renaissance . islamic scientists not only accumulated the existing information , but added to this knowledge through their own observations , trials and ...
persian physicians had a great role in assimilation and expansion of medical sciences during the medieval period and islamic golden age . in fact the dominant medical figures of that period were of persian origin such as avicenna and razes , but their works have been written in arabic that was the lingua franca of th...
understanding of the daily rhythmicity in nociception is important for the standardization of studies of analgesic drugs . yet , few studies have investigated the daily rhythmicity in nociception . although studies on rats and golden hamsters have indicated the occurrence of greater pain sensitivity during the da...
backgroundmany behavioral and physiological variables exhibit daily rhythmicity . few investigations of the daily rhythmicity in nociception have been conducted , and conflicting results have been obtained . the present study evaluated the daily rhythmicity in nociception in wistar rats.methodsnociception was inves...
a 30-year - old male presented in the emergency department with a history of bilateral blurring of vision of one - day duration . since his systemic hypertension was not well controlled with this drug his physician had switched over to a combination of atenelol 50 mg with chlorthalidone 12.5 mg ( tenoric 50 , ipca ph...
we report a case of sudden loss of vision due to the development of acute myopia after the intake of chlorthalidone used for treating systemic hypertension . clinically this was associated with ciliary spasm , shallow peripheral choroidal effusion and retinal striae at the macula with increase in macular thickness se...
the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome ( osas ) is a highly prevalent sleep disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction and subsequent recurrent arousal during sleep . it is estimated that up to 5% of adults in western countries have osas . according to published data emerging studies sug...
summarybackgroundcontinuous positive airway pressure ( cpap ) is the most effective method for treating obstructive sleep apnea syndrome ( osas ) and alleviating symptoms . improved sleep quality with effective cpap therapy might also contribute to attenuated systemic inflammation and improved endothelial function , ...
hemoglobin oxygen desaturation in the absence of acute illness is common in children with sickle cell anemia ( sca ) , and is associated with higher cerebral blood flow velocities [ 1 , 2 ] , and with risk of complications including stroke . the underlying mechanisms of hemoglobin oxygen desaturation in sca are poorl...
low hemoglobin oxygen saturation ( spo2 ) is common in sickle cell anemia ( sca ) and associated with complications including stroke , although determinants remain unknown . we investigated potential hematological , genetic , and nutritional predictors of daytime spo2 in tanzanian children with sca and compared them ...
single - port laparoscopic surgery ( spls ) is a development in the field of minimally invasive surgery that aims to minimize the surgical access trauma by reducing the number of abdominal incisions to a single incision . advocates of spls claimed potential advantages for this approach when compared to standard multi...
background . single port laparoscopic surgery ( spls ) is being increasingly employed in colorectal surgery for benign and malignant diseases . the particular role for spls in inflammatory bowel disease ( ibd ) has not been determined yet . in this review article we summarize technical aspects and short term resu...
spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy ( sbma ) is a slowly progressive adult onset neurodegenerative disease that affects men in mid - life . the disease causes degeneration and atrophy of the muscles of the proximal limb girdle and the bulbar muscles of the jaw ( kennedy et al . , 1968 ) , as well as the accumulation o...
summaryevidence from multiple animal models demonstrates that testosterone plays a crucial role in the progression of symptoms in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy ( sbma ) , a condition that results in neurodegeneration and muscle atrophy in affected men . mice bearing a transgene encoding a human androgen receptor...
sturge - weber - krabe syndrome ( sws ) , also known as encephalotrigeminalangiomatosis and named the forthfacomatosis , recall the names of the authors who first described it in its basic clinical , radiological , and anatomopathologicalaspects . sturge - weber syndrome is a neurocuta - neoussyndrome , characterized...
sturge - weber - krabe syndrome ( sws ) , also known as encephalotrigeminalangiomatosis and named the forthfacomatosis , recall the names of the authors who first describedit in its basic clinical , radiological andanatomopathological aspects . we report here 14 cases of sturge - weber disease . in 6 of these , despi...
the sunlight - driven generation of the energy carrier h2 from water using earth - abundant materials is considered one of the key processes to generate more sustainable fuels in a postfossil age . synthetic first - row transition - metal complexes containing co , fe , and ni are under intense development a...
the generation of renewable h2 through an efficient photochemical route requires photoinduced electron transfer ( et ) from a light harvester to an efficient electrocatalyst in water . here , we report on a molecular h2 evolution catalyst ( nip ) with a dubois - type [ ni(p2rn2r)2]2 + core ( p2rn2r = bis(1,5-r-di...
the role of hla compatibility as a parameter for allocation of kidneys from deceased donors to patients on the kidney waiting list remains a matter of debate . it is well accepted that the best possible organ for an end stage renal disease patient is a fully hla compatible kidney . both graft and patient survival i...
long lasting debates in the past questioned the relevance of any sort of compatibility in post mortal kidney transplantation . it is for no say that fully compatible transplants have the highest chances for a long patient and graft survival . in the present report the use of hla - dr as a representative of the majo...
de van stated , meet the mind of the patient before meeting the mouth of the patient . thus , understanding the mental attitude of the patient is very helpful for the clinician to anticipate the patient 's response during the clinical procedures . krochak stated that many patients with favorable anatomy can not to...
objective : the aim of this study was to determine any relationship , if exists , between the patient 's mental attitude with age , sex , or educational qualification.methods:a total of 200 patients who attended the outpatient department during a span of 1 year , for the fabrication of new complete dentures , were chos...
the interaction between genetic and environmental factors lies behind the neuronal representation of sensory stimuli in the nervous system . sensory experience actually drives the refinement of immature neural circuitries into organized patterns of synaptic connectivity that subserve adult brain functions . environ...
the capability of the brain to change functionally in response to sensory experience is most active during early stages of development but it decreases later in life when major alterations of neuronal network structures no longer take place in response to experience . this view has been recently challenged by experim...
the ecls - b includes data from a cohort of ~10,200 children born in the us in 2001 . note that all sample sizes reported in this paper have been rounded to the nearest 50 , as specified by ecls - b data confidentiality requirements ( which are available at the ecls - b website : http://nces.ed.gov/ecls/birthdatainfo...
the objective of this paper is to examine patterns of cognitive delay at 24 and 48 months and quantify the effects of perinatal and sociodemographic risk factors on persistent and variable cognitive delay . using data from 7,200 children in the early childhood longitudinal study , birth cohort ( ecls - b ) , multiple l...
it is estimated that 6685 % of the world s population depends directly on plants as medicines [ 13 ] . since the existence of human civilization , plants and their by - products have been used by a large proportion of the population living in rural and urban areas for various purposes such as medicine , healthcare , f...
traditional medicinal practices play a key role in health care systems in countries with developing economies . the aim of this survey was to validate the use of traditional medicine within local nigerian communities . in this review , we examine the ethnobotanical uses of selected plant species from the nigerian f...
a 16-year - old female patient came to department of oral medicine and radiology with chief complaints of bleeding from gums . on examination , she was thin built . extraoral examination of face and skull revealed hypoplasia of the malar eminences and zygomata , hypoplasia of maxilla and underdevelopment of the mandi...
nager syndrome , also called preaxial acrofacial dysostosis , comprises two groups of defects involving the limbs and craniofacial region , respectively . this syndrome is rare and only 70 cases have been reported in the literature . the exact cause of this syndrome is unknown , but there is indication that it is g...
growth prediction is defined as the estimation of alterations in speed and direction of future growth . the growth patterns of the mandible , maxilla , and other craniofacial structures should be taken into consideration as essential components to determine the time of occurrence , duration , and prognosis of maloccl...
objective : growth prediction plays a significant role in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontics patients . it was hypothesized that the unique pattern of pneumatization of the frontal sinus as a component of craniofacial structure would influence the skeletal growth pattern and may be used as a gr...
the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy ( haart ) has led to significant improvement in the morbidity , mortality , and quality of life of people living with human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) . however , this improved outcome is being mitigated by increase in deaths from liver disease , cancer and...
background : reports from middle- and high - income countries suggest that the improved health outcome from highly active antiretroviral therapy ( haart ) in people living with human immunodeficiency virus ( plwhiv ) is being mitigated by increase in deaths from cardiovascular disease ( cvd).aims : this study was to de...
data synthesized from existing randomised controlled trials show that pyloric drainage procedures reduce the occurrence of early post - operative gastric outlet obstruction after oesophagectomy with gastric reconstruction ( 1,2 ) . pyloromyotomy and pyloroplasty are generally considered simple procedures , however , ...
management of upper gastrointestinal anastomotic leaks is an inter - disciplinary challenge . we present a case of late pyloroplasty leak following 3-stage oesophagectomy . we describe a novel , combined endoscopic and fluroscopic procedure to introduce a t - tube into the anastomotic leak proving an ideal plug at ...
the goal of treatment in phenylketonuria ( pku ) is to control hyperphenylalaninemia by phenylalanine dietary restriction . patients with persistent plasma levels of phenylalanine > 6 mg / dl ( 360mole / l ) should be treated . continuation of this dietary restriction during the whole life is necessary for optimal ...
objectivethere are several problems associated to the management of patients with phenylketonuria ( pku ) . social status could be one of the affecting factors on dietary adherence in these patients . the aim of this study was to evaluate family social status and dietary adherence of pku patients in iranian populat...
this disorder is relatively frequent on the beard of adult men and on the scalp of children . a 33-year - old man was referred for evaluation of an itchy sensation on his back that had been present for more than 10 years . physical examination revealed a large patch with short and irregular hairs that involved his en...
pili multigemini is a rare disorder where more than one hair exists in a single hair follicle . papillar tips that divide into several tips will produce several hair shafts , so that characteristically do not fuse again . this disorder is relatively frequent on the beard of adult men and on the scalp of children . ...
mitrofanoff 's contribution , now termed the mitrofanoff principle , has had a profound effect on incontinence surgery in children . his development of alternative continent bladder access through a continent stoma has relieved the necessity for the patient to either void efficiently or to catheterize through the ure...
introduction : the mitrofanoff principle was originally described as a method to provide an alternative means to access the bladder . it creates a conduit to the bladder through which patients with a sensitive , absent , or traumatized urethra can perform clean intermittent catheterization ( cic ) easily . we repor...
the transsphenoidal approach is the most commonly utilized operation for the surgical treatment of sellar lesions and is a relatively safe operation in experienced centers.1 following resection of pituitary adenomas and other sellar tumors , many surgeons utilize absorbable plates to reconstruct the bony sellar floor t...
background bioabsorbable plates are frequently utilized in the repair of skull base defects following transsphenoidal operations . traumatic intracranial pseudoaneurysms are a rare complication of transsphenoidal surgery . to date , iatrogenic carotid pseudoaneurysm associated with the use of an absorbable plate has ...
the health protection agency centre for infections has coordinated national surveillance of listeriosis in england and wales since 1990 . cases are included in the system by voluntary referral of cultures to the national reference laboratory or by electronic reporting of confirmed cases from local laboratories . cl...
the epidemiology of listeriosis in england and wales changed during 20012008 ; more patients > 60 years of age had bacteremia than in previous years . to investigate these changes , we calculated risk for listeriosis by concurrent condition for non pregnancy - associated listeriosis cases reported to the national surv...
abdominal aortic aneurysms ( aaa ) can be repaired with an aortic bifemoral bypass graft , which is considered an ideal procedure for aortic aneurysms , aorto - iliac disease or aortic atherosclerosis . though rare , infections involving the graft can happen , typically , two to five years following implantation . ...
the presence of an aortoenteric fistula following aortobifemoral graft repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm is associated with a high probability of infection leading to clinically significant bacteremia . we report a case of an aortoenteric fistula that developed two years after initial aortic grafting resulting i...
dyslipidemia is a significant morbidity associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disorders . the present study was undertaken to assess the lipid profile of type 2 diabetic and age - gender matched healthy subjects and its association , if any , with fasting plasma glucose . clinically diagnosed diabetic subject...
from the time of the earliest descriptions of growing pains ( gp ) to the most recent reviews,13 the nature of the prevalent disorder of childhood , gp ( benign nocturnal limb pains of childhood ) , has remained enigmatic . early etiological theories of gp addressed growth,4 relative hyperactivity and fatigue,58 anat...
purposeto further the understanding of growing pains ( gp ) , in particular , the nature of this pain disorder.methodsthis study included 33 children aged 512 years who met criteria for gp ( cases ) and 29 children without gp of similar age and sex ( controls ) . nineteen controls were siblings of cases . gp was di...
in this paper , we report on a general synthetic strategy for the assembly of glycopolymers that capitalizes on the intrinsic reactivity of reducing glycans toward hydrazides to form stable cyclic n - glycosides . we developed a poly(acryloyl hydrazide ) ( pah ) scaffold to which we conjugated a variety of reducing g...
computer - aided diagnosis ( cad ) has been the subject of a lot of research as a tool to help health professionals in medical decision making . as a result , many cad systems integrate image processing , computer vision , and intelligent and statistical machine learning methods to aid radiologists in the interpretatio...
a new methodology for automatic feature extraction from biomedical images and subsequent classification is presented . the approach exploits the spatial orientation of high - frequency textural features of the processed image as determined by a two - step process . first , the two - dimensional discrete wavelet tra...
although tumor immunosurveillance was first hypothesized more than four decades ago , the observed absence of spontaneous tumors in several immune - compromised mouse strains initially dampened enthusiasm for this idea . mabs specific for immunoregulators have sometimes proven useful in establishing the importance of...
the immunosurveillance of transformed cells by the immune system remains one of the most controversial and poorly understood areas of immunity . gene - targeted mice have greatly aided our understanding of the key effector molecules in tumor immunity . herein , we describe spontaneous tumor development in gene - targ...
primary immunodeficiency diseases ( pidd ) are a heterogeneous group of more than 150 disorders that result from many different congenital , or even acquired , genetic defects affecting the innate and adaptive immune systems [ 1 , 2 ] . despite major advances over the last 20 years in the clinical and molecular charac...
purposepatients with primary immunodeficiency diseases ( pidd ) may present with recurrent infections affecting different organs , organ - specific inflammation / autoimmunity , and also increased cancer risk , particularly hematopoietic malignancies . the diversity of pidd and the wide age range over which these cli...
the immune system consists of two closely related systems known as the innate and adaptive immune systems . the adaptive immune system responds to specific nonself antigens and generates immunological memory . in contrast , the innate immune system provides an immediate first line of defense against a diverse rep...
toll - like receptors ( tlrs ) are transmembrane proteins acting mainly as sensors of microbial components . triggering tlrs results in increased expression of multiple inflammatory genes , which then play a protective role against infection . however , aberrant activation of tlr signaling has a significant impact on...
headache is a notable and common somatic complaint in paediatric age [ 1 , 2 ] . although migraine and tension - type headache show the highest incidence , other primary headaches are much rarer and poorly recognised , thus representing a clinical and therapeutic challenge . chronic paroxysmal hemicrania ( cph ) is...
chronic paroxysmal hemicrania ( cph ) is a rare primary headache syndrome , which is classified along with hemicrania continua and short - lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing ( sunct ) as trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia ( tacs ) . cph is characterised by short - l...
surfactant has become standard therapy in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome ( rds ) 1 . surfactant lowers the alveolar surface tension and prevents expiratory alveolar collapse increasing compliance , reducing pulmonary vascular resistance and improving ventilation - perfusion mismatching . sur...
objectivethe objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of exogenous surfactant on respiratory indices in term infants with respiratory failure.methodsconsecutive 18 mechanically ventilated term infants , who received a single dose of exogenous surfactant were retrospectively included into the study . the res...
although multiple factors have contributed to the decline of pacific salmon ( oncorhynchus spp . ) across portions of their natural range , dams have arguably played a major role in many locations ( nrc 1996 ; lichatowich 1999 ; ruckelshaus et al . large dams ( > 15 m tall)designed to generate hydropower , control fl...
dams designed for hydropower and other purposes alter the environments of many economically important fishes , including chinook salmon ( oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) . we estimated that dams on the rogue river , the willamette river , the cowlitz river , and fall creek decreased water temperatures during summer and in...
bladder exstrophy ( be ) is a rare condition with an incidence of 1 in 50.000 newborns [ 1 , 2 ] . it is a complex pathology with an unknown etiology and is characterized by a low - lying umbilicus , exposed bladder plate , pubic symphysis diastasis , divarication of the rectus abdominis and pelvic floor , anterior e...
introductionbladder exstrophy ( be ) is a rare condition that requires complex surgical corrections to achieve the goals of bladder functionality , normal sexual function , continence , and finally cosmesis . the purpose of this study was to identify clinical parameters that predict better quality of life ( qol ) sco...
supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s13659 - 012 - 0040 - 1 and is accessible for authorized users .
five new mexicanolide - type limonoids , heytrijunolides a e ( 15 ) were isolated from the branches and leaves of heynea trijuga . the structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis . compound 3 showed weak cytotoxicity against hl-60 , smmc-7721 and a-549 human ...
the influence of xylitol on the control of risk factors and prevention of dental caries has already been assessed in several studies . the outcomes of this strategy seem to depend on the detection of minimal salivary levels of that polyol along time . however , the rapid clearance of xylitol from the oral cavit...
objective the present study analyzed xylitol concentrations in artificial saliva over time after application of varnishes containing 10% and 20% xylitol . material and methods fifteen bovine enamel specimens ( 8x4 mm ) were randomly allocated to 3 groups ( n=5/group ) , according to the type of varnish used : 10%...
the anorectum plays an important role in regulation of defecation and in the maintenance of continence.1 the most widely used test for anorectal function is anorectal manometry . a comprehensive assessment of anorectal function consists of measuring at a minimum each of the following parameters : ( 1 ) anal sphincter f...
anorectal manometry is the most well established and widely available tool for investigating anorectal function . anal sphincter tone can be quantified by anorectal manometry . the anorectal sensory response , anorectal reflexes , rectal compliance , and defecatory function are also assessed by anorectal manometry ...
the microenvironment is a dynamic system that is largely composed of inflammatory cells and cytokines , including tumor cells and stroma ( the latter of which consists of immune cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix ) [ 1 , 2 ] . under specific stimulation conditions , inflammation can result in the producti...
inflammation results in the production of cytokines , such as interleukin- ( il- ) 4 and il-10 with immunosuppressive properties or il-6 and tnf- with procarcinogenic activity . furthermore , nf-b is the major link between inflammation and tumorigenesis . this study verified the interaction between active inflammat...
breast - conserving therapy ( bct ) , including breast - conserving surgery ( bcs ) and postoperative radiotherapy ( rt ) , has become a standard treatment in early stages ( t1 , t2 ) breast cancer for the last 30 years [ 1 , 2 ] . breast - conserving therapy was determined as primary treatment at the national instit...
purposeskin is a major organ at risk in breast - conserving therapy ( bct ) . the american brachytherapy society ( abs ) recommendations require monitoring of maximum dose received , however , there is no unambiguous way of skin contouring provided . the purpose of this study was to compare the doses received by th...
proximal junctional kyphosis ( pjk ) is traditionally defined as a proximal junctional sagittal cobb angle change of 10 versus the preoperative value . although no consensus has been reached , the majority of authors have used kyphosis of 10 between the lower endplate of the uppermost instrumented vertebra ( uiv ) an...
objectiveproximal junctional kyphosis ( pjk ) is radiologic finding , and is defined as kyphosis of > 10 at the proximal end of a construct . the aim of this study is to identify factors associated with pjk after segmental spinal instrumented fusion in adults with spinal deformity with a minimum follow - up of 2 year...
in studies spanning over three decades , antigen spread has been observed in the context of autoimmunity and infectious disease ( 2935 ) . cancer immunotherapy also appears to work , in part , through antigen spread , ie , beginning with an immune response to specific target antigens that broadens over time to additi...
immunotherapy is an important breakthrough in cancer . us food and drug administration - approved immunotherapies for cancer treatment ( including , but not limited to , sipuleucel - t , ipilimumab , nivolumab , pembrolizumab , and atezolizumab ) substantially improve overall survival across multiple malignancies . ...
this study aimed to assess students perceptions of their educational environment in the faculty of medicine and pharmacy of rabat , morocco , using the dundee ready educational environment measure ( dreem ) . a cross - sectional survey was conducted in the faculty of medicine and pharmacy of rabat , morocco , in whic...
in healthy individuals , cell free dna ( cfdna ) is released into the circulation by cells undergoing apoptosis.13 , 14 apoptotic cells shed dna fragments approximately 185 to 200 bp in length.14 , 15 in contrast , cfdna of cancer patients is derived from both nonmalignant and malignant cells . interestingly , the pe...
for many decades it has been known that tumor dna is shed into the blood . as a consequence of technological limitations , researchers were unable to comprehensively characterize circulating dna . the advent of ultrasensitive and highly specific molecular assays has provided a comprehensive profile of the molecular...
it has been reported that over 50% of patients admitted for sah develop hyponatremia ( 1 - 3 ) . sah - associated hyponatremia can be caused by excessive intravenous fluid therapy , diuretic therapy , cerebral salt - wasting syndrome ( csws ) , and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone ( siadh ) ( 4 ) . bo...
hyponatremia is a common finding after subarachnoid hemorrhaging ( sah ) and can be caused by either cerebral salt - wasting syndrome ( csws ) or syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone ( siadh ) . distinguishing between these two entities can be difficult because they have similar manifestations , including h...
although jean - martin charcot is credited with providing a comprehensive description of ms , reports of both ms and comorbid cognitive impairment precede charcot s 1868 lectures . friedrich von frerichs first cited ms - related cognitive impairment in 1849 , 25 years after the disease s initial clinical description ...
editor s note : physicians first noted the presence of cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis ( ms ) more than 160 years ago , yet it took clinicians until 2001 to codify a standard test to measure cognitive function . we now know that cognitive impairment occurs in up to 65 percent of people with m...