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Minimum effective dose of Ethinyl estradiol in combination oral pills is: (A) 20 pgm, (B) 35 pgm, (C) 50 pgm, (D) 75 pgm | Answer is A. Ans. is a i.e. 20p.g -intensive pharmacological research clinical trials conducted to minimise the adverse effects of estrogen without reducing the contraceptive efficacy, resulted in lowering the dose of oestrogen to a minimum of 20gg or even 15gg." Examples of pills with 20p.g estrogen : Femilon : Loette... | |
A 65 year old elderly male has history of sweating and chest pain for last 24 hrs with the following ECG. Which of the following is not given in managing the patient?: (A) Aspirin, (B) Statin, (C) Thrombolytic therapy, (D) Morphine | Answer is C. Ans. C. Thrombolytic therapyFirst let us diagnose the ECG; we need to know the following points:E.C.G changes in acute infarctionEarly acute phase (with - in hours)Fully evolved phaseOld infarction (resolution phase)Elevation of ST segmentPathological Q warePathogical Q waveTall wide (peaked) T waveElevate... | |
Glomus tumor invading the veical pa of carotid canal. It is: (A) Type B, (B) Type CI, (C) Type C2, (D) Type C3 | Answer is C. Ans. is 'c' i.e., Type C2 Fisch classification The Fisch classification of glomus tumors is based on extension of the tumor to surrounding anatomic structures and is closely related to moality and morbidity. Type A :- Limited to middle ear cleft (glomus tympanicum). Type B :- Limited to tympanomastoid area... | |
Essential amino acids are A/E -: (A) Leucine, (B) Proline, (C) Lysine, (D) Methionine | Answer is B. - essential aminoacid are the one that cannot be synthesised in the body corresponding to the needs. Thus need to be supplied through diet. - they are leucine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, valine, tryptophan and histidine. Reference : Park's textbook of preventive and social me... | |
Ascospore is -: (A) Asexual spore, (B) Sexual spore, (C) Conidia, (D) None of the above | Answer is B. FUNGAL SPORES
Most fungi reproduce through the generation of spores
Fungi produce spores by two methods-
Sexual reproduction → Sexual spores
Asexual reproduction → Asexual spores | |
In a neonate, cessation of breathing for 10 second with bradycardia is:: (A) Apnea, (B) Dyspnea, (C) Cheyne Stokes respiration, (D) None | Answer is A. a. Apnea(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 849)Apnea in a newborn is defined as: cessation of respiration for 20 seconds with or without bradycardia and cyanosis or cessation of respiration for less than 20 seconds if it is associated with bradycardia or cyanosis. | |
4 years old child having palpable abdominal mass & hypertension with sweating and diarrhea is due to -: (A) Neuroblastoma, (B) Nephroblastoma, (C) PCKD. (Polycystic kidney disease), (D) All of the above | Answer is A. Ans. is 'a' i.e., NeuroblastomaNeuroblastoma - (Ghai 7th/ep. 590)o M.C. Intraabd solid tumor in children,o M.C. site of primary tumor:# Adrenal gland (30%)o Paravertebral retroperitoneal (28%)o Metastasis usually skeletal (facial bone/skull).o May be associated with sweating, diarrhea, hypertension. Cerebe... | |
TRUE regarding chi square test is -: (A) Null hypothesis is equal, (B) Dosen't test the significance, (C) Measures the significance of difference between two proportion, (D) Tests correlation and regression | Answer is C. None | |
''Sleep apnoea '' is defined as a temporary pause in breathing during sleep lasting at least-: (A) 40 seconds, (B) 30 seconds, (C) 20 seconds, (D) 10 seconds | Answer is D. Sleep OSAHS also may be diagnosed in the absence of symptoms if the AHI is above 15. Each episode of apnea or hypopnea represents a reduction in breathing for at least 10 sec Ref Harrison 19th edition pg 1723 | |
A 2-year-old unresponsive child came to casualty with history of fall from a height. On examination, he is responsive to verbal stimuli intermittently, respiratory rate is 30 per min, pulse 130 per min, spO2 is 94% and BP is 104/60 mm Hg. What should be the next step of management?: (A) Observe the child carefully and ... | Answer is C. c. Start oxygen by face mask, immobilize cervical spine and transfer to a tertiary centre accompanied by doctor(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 545-552)The best management in this case is to supplement O2 as there is hypoxia, to prevent further CNS injury; Cervical spine should be immobilized and the patient should b... | |
Most common cause of amoebic lung abscess is :: (A) Aspiration, (B) Direct spread from liver, (C) Hematogenous spread from liver, (D) Hematogenous spread from gut | Answer is B. Answer is B (Direct spread from liver): An amoebic lung abscess is almost always secondary to spread from the liver. Extraintestinal infection by E. histolytica most often involves the liver. Fuher involvement most commonly leads to Amoebic lung abscess. Infact pleuropulmonary involvement (Lung): is the mo... | |
Muscle of neck with dual nerve supply: (A) Sternohyoid, (B) Thyrohyoid, (C) Digastric, (D) Stylohyoid | Answer is C. Digastric muscle Digastric has two bellies United by an intermediate tendon. NERVE SUPPLY; anterior belly by nerve to mylohyoid, facial nerve. ACTIONS; 1. Depresses mandible is opened widely or against resistance it is secondary to lateral pterygoid. 2. Elevates hyoid bone. Ref BDC volume 3;6th edition | |
Patients on isoniazid which vitamin deficiency is more likely to be seen.: (A) Vitamin B9, (B) Vitamin B12, (C) Vitamin B6, (D) Vitamin B3 | Answer is C. Ans. (c) Vitamin B6Ref. KDT 6th ed. / 740-41* For patients who are on isoniazid; peripheral neuropathy is observed in 10-20% of patients given dosages greater than 5 mg/kg/d but is infrequently seen with the standard 300 mg adult dose.* Pyridoxine (Vit B6), 25-50 mg/d, is recommended for those with conditi... | |
Denominator of positive predictive value: (A) Number of true negatives + number of false negatives, (B) Number of true positives + number of true negatives, (C) Number of true positives + number of false positives, (D) Number of true positives + number of false negatives | Answer is C. Ans. c (Number of true positives + number of false positives) (Ref. Park PSM 22nd/pg. 131).TopicEquation SensitivitySensitivity =a--a+cSpecificitySpecificity =d-b+dPositive predictive valuePPV =a--a + b Negative predictive valueNPV =d--c+d Relative riskRR =a--a + b c--c+d Attribute riskAR =a--a+bc--c+dHard... | |
Superolateral boundary of axillary dissection is:: (A) Clavipectoral fascia, (B) Brachial plexus, (C) Axillary aery, (D) Axillary vein | Answer is D. Axillary Node Clearance Axillary node clearance is defined as clearing of the axillary contents bounded by: Laterally: Axillary skin Posteriorly: Lattisimus dorsi, Teres major and subscapularis Superiorly: Lower border of axillary vein Anteriorly: Pectoralis muscle Medially: Chest wall | |
Which of the following has propensity to metastasize through lymph nodes ?: (A) Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, (B) Osteosarcoma, (C) Both, (D) None | Answer is A. Ans. is 'a' i.e., Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma | |
The rubber dam is approximately placed in: (A) 3-5 min, (B) 5-7 min, (C) 10 min, (D) 10-12 min | Answer is A. None | |
Which of the following is Tensor of the vocal cord: (A) Cricothyroid, (B) Inter arytenoid, (C) Posterior cricoarytenoid, (D) Lateral cricoarytenoid | Answer is A. Intrinsic muscles of larynx They may act on vocal cords or laryngeal inlet. (a) Acting on vocal cords:- * Abductors:- Posterior cricoarytenoid * Adductors:- Lateral cricoarytenoid , Interarytenoid (transverse arytenoid), Thyroarytenoid (external pa) * Tensors:- Cricothyroid , Vocalis (internal pa of thyroa... | |
Rocker bottom foot is due to ?: (A) Overeatment of CTEV, (B) Malunited fracture calcaneum, (C) Horizontal talus, (D) Neural tube defect | Answer is A. Ans. is 'a' i.e., Overeatment of CTEV Rocker bottom foot Rocker bottom foot is a foot with a convex plantar surface with an apex of convexity at the talar head (normal plantar surface is concave). Causes of Rocker Bottom foot are :- Congenital veical talus Overcorrection of CTEV Improper correction of CTEV... | |
Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose value of less than: (A) 60 mg/dl, (B) 50 mg/dl, (C) 40 mg/dl, (D) 30 mg/dl | Answer is C. Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose value of less than 40 mg/ dl (plasma glucose of less than 45 mg/ dl). These babies should be screened for hypoglycemia at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hr after bih with reagent strips (dextrostix).Babies showing blood sugar value of less than 40 mg/ dl on reagent strip... | |
Typhoid Vi polysaccharide vaccine is usually administered in children above the age of-: (A) 6 months, (B) 1 year, (C) 2 years, (D) 1 year 6 months | Answer is C. Ans. is 'c' i.e., 2 years o The Vi polysacchiride vaccine is licensed for individuals aged 2 years because it does not elicit immune response in children less than 2 years. | |
Which parotid tumor spreads along nerve sheath ?: (A) Pleomorphic adenoma, (B) Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, (C) Adenoid cystic carcinoma, (D) Wahin's tumor | Answer is C. Adenoid cystic carcinoma has got high affinity for perineural spread(both axially and circumferentially;antegrade and retrograde fashion) along mandibular and maxillary divisions of trigeminal (common) and facial nerve .It infiltrates nerve more proximally for long distance. Tumor may reach Gasserian trige... | |
All are features of psychosis except -: (A) Loss of insight, (B) Presence of delusions, (C) Preserved contact with reality, (D) Personality disturbances | Answer is C. Ans. is 'c' i.e., Preserved contact with reality Psychosiso Psychosis is a mental state involving the loss of contact with reality, causing deterioration of normal social functioning. The characteristic features of psychosis are : -Gross impairment in reality testing, i.e., loss of contact with reality.Mar... | |
Hemoglobin does not bind with:: (A) Oxygen, (B) Carbon dioxide, (C) Carbon monoxide, (D) HCN | Answer is D. Hemoglobin Combines Reversibly With Oxygen.
Carbon monoxide (CO) combines with hemoglobin at the same point on the hemoglobin molecule as does O2 ; it can therefore displace O2 from the hemoglobin.
CO2 reacts directly with amine radicals of the hemoglobin molecule to form the compound c... | |
All of the following are haemoproteins, EXCEPT:: (A) Catalase, (B) Tryptophan pyrrolase, (C) Cytochrome c, (D) Adenylate kinase | Answer is D. Haemoproteins:- A haemoprotein or heme protein, is a protein that contains a heme prosthetic group. Heme containing proteins: Hemoglobin Myoglobin Cytochromes (ETC Components) Heme containing enzymes Catalase Peroxidase Tryptophan dioxygenase/Tryptophan pyrrolase Few more examples:- Cytoglobin Neuroglobin ... | |
What is true regarding byssinosis?: (A) Dyspnea resolves after cessation of exposure, (B) Similar to chronic bronchitis and emphysema, (C) Present as mediastinal fibrosis, (D) Eosinophils are prominent in BAL | Answer is A. Byssinosis - due to cotton dust exposure - presents with Monday Chest tightness which resolves with cessation of cotton dust exposure. - Byssinosis presents as hypersensitivity pneumonitis with the honey-comb lung. - Lymphocytes and not eosinophils are present in bronchoalveolar lavage of hypersensitivity ... | |
Within the RBC, hypoxia stimulates glycolysis by which of the following regulating pathways ?: (A) Hypoxia stimulates pyruvate dehydrogenase by increased 2,3 DPG, (B) Hypoxia inhibits hexokinase, (C) Hypoxia stimulates release of all Glycolytic enzymes from band 3 on RBC membrane, (D) Activation of the regulatory enzym... | Answer is C. None | |
Which one can have more than one value: (A) Mean, (B) Median, (C) Mode, (D) None of the above | Answer is C. In a central tendancy of distribution :
Mean is the best measure.
Mode is most frequently occuring value in the given distribution.
Mode may be bimodal or trimodal.
Mode = 3 mediam - 2 mean. | |
In magil circuit airflow is -: (A) 1/2 of minute volume, (B) equal to M.V., (C) 2 X M.V., (D) 3 X M.V. | Answer is B. In Magills it fresh gas flow is equal to minute volume. In Bains co-axial system or type D ,fresh air flow required to prevent rebreathing is 1.6minute volume | |
In hilum of right lung which of the following is the uppermost structure: (A) Superior pulmonary vein, (B) Bronchus, (C) Bronchial aery, (D) Inferior pulmonary vein | Answer is B. Right lung(above downwards) Epaerial bronchus Pulmonary aery Hypaerial bronchus Inferior pulmonary vein Left lung Pulmonary aery Bronchus Inferior pulmonary vein <img src=" /> Ref. BD Chaurasia volume 1 page 226 | |
In a patient with mitral stenosis, disappearance of Loud S1 is associated with all except: (A) Calcified valve, (B) Aortic regurgitation, (C) Heart block, (D) Mild mitral stenosis | Answer is D. ANS. DConditions associated with dulling of SI (disappearance of loud SI) in patient with mitral stenosis:1. Calcified mitral valve2. Aortic regurgitation (AR)3. Mitral regurgitation (MR)Absence of presystolic accentuation in mitral stenosis:1. Atrial fibrillation2. Presence of MR3. Flabby left atrium4. At... | |
Nikolsky's sign is positive in: (A) Pemphigus, (B) Dermatitis herpatiformis, (C) Pemphigoid, (D) Rubella | Answer is A. None | |
In basic model of Nuclear family life, the phase of family life cycle beginning with birth of last child and ending with leaving of home of first child is known as?: (A) Formation, (B) Extension, (C) Complete extension, (D) Contraction | Answer is C. Ans. c (Complete extension) (Ref. Park Textbook of PSM 22nd/pg.635)A family is a primary unit in all socities. Familes are not constant. A normal family-cycle is generally conceived as having six phases as follows:BASIC MODEL OF NUCLEAR FAMILY LIFE CYCLE Phase of family cycleCharacterizing EventsNo.Descrip... | |
Dofetilide belong to?: (A) Class I antiarrythmic, (B) Class II antiarrythmic, (C) Class III antiarrythmic, (D) Class IV antiarrythmic | Answer is C. Ibutilide, dofetilide, sotalol, amiodarone are class 3 agents they are potassium channel blockers- they r broad spectrum antiarrhythmic agents they increase QT interval | |
A young girl presents with abdominal pain and a recent change in bowel habit, with passage of mucus in stool. There is no associated blood in stool and symptoms are increased with stress. The most likely diagnosis is:: (A) Irritable bowel syndrome, (B) Ulcerative Colitis, (C) Crohn's disease, (D) Amebiasis | Answer is A. IBS is a disorder for which no pathognomonic abnormalities are identified. Females are more commonly affected. People of all age groups are affected, but most have the onset of symptoms before 45 years. Patients usually presents with recurrent lower abdominal pain, abdominal bloating and altered bowel habi... | |
The main types of muscle cells are: (A) Skeletal and cardiac, (B) Smooth and cardiac, (C) Smooth and skeletal, (D) All of the above | Answer is D. None | |
Retraction of scapula at sternoclavicular joint is done by:: (A) Serratus anterior, (B) Trapezius, (C) Subscapularis, (D) Supraspinatus | Answer is B. Retraction means moving backward of scapula at sternoclavicular joint. It is done by the following muscles: Trapezius Rhomboid major Rhomboid minor. Subscapularis helps in medial rotation of humerus. Serratus anterior helps in protraction of scapula. Supraspinatus helps in adduction. | |
Which of the following factors of balanced occlusion is given by the patient?: (A) Condylar guidance, (B) Incisal guidance, (C) Inclination of the cusps, (D) Orientation of the occlusal plane | Answer is A. Condylar guidance
Definition: The mechanical form located in the upper posterior region of an articulator that controls movement of its mobile member (GPT8).
Condylar guide inclination: The angle formed by the inclination of a condylar guide control surface of an articulator and a specified reference plane... | |
Elek's gel precipitation test is for -: (A) Gonococcus, (B) Diphtheria, (C) H. influenza, (D) Anthrax | Answer is B. Ans. is 'b' i.e., Diphtheria | |
A patient with hea failure developed recurrent sustained monomorphic vt .Treatment is/are -: (A) Encainide, (B) Flecainide, (C) Intracardiac Defibrilator, (D) Beta-blockers | Answer is C. Sustained monomorphic VT associated with nonischemic cardiomyopathy is usually due to scar-related reentry. On cardiac MR imaging, scars are detectable as areas of delayed gadolinium enhancement and are more often intramural or sub-epicardial in location as compared with patients with prior MI. Any cardiom... | |
In multibacillary leprosy, the follow-up examination after adquate Rx should be done early for -: (A) 3 years, (B) 5 years, (C) 10 years, (D) 2 years | Answer is B. None | |
All are true about meningiomas except -: (A) Meningiomas are predominantly benign tumors of adults, (B) They arise from the meningothelial cell of the arachnoifd), (C) They are attached to pia mater, (D) Occur in association with eighth nerve schwannomas | Answer is C. Ans. is 'c' i.e.. They are attached to pia matterMeningiomas are amont the most frequent primary brain tumors.o Although most meningiomas ae benign, their location in the central nervous system can cause serious morbidity or mortality.Clinical presentationo Meningiomas can arise anywhere from the dura most... | |
Serum sickness is which type of hypersensitivity reaction?: (A) Type I, (B) Type II, (C) Type III, (D) Type IV | Answer is C. Ans. c (Type III). (Textbook of Microbiology by Ananthnarayan, 6th ed., 155)HYPERSENSITIVITY ReactionsTypeMechanismE.g.Hints to rememeberType I(Anaphylactic and Atopic)Antigen cross -links IgE on presensitized mast cells and basophils, causing of vasoactive amines (i.e., histamine) release.- Anaphylaxis,- ... | |
While discharging a patient of meningitis due to H. influenzae the essential step you will do -: (A) EBG, (B) Assess development milestones, (C) Bilateral evoked auditory response, (D) Refer for physiotherapy | Answer is C. Ans. is 'c' i.e., Bilateral evoked auditory response o Nontypable H. influenzae is one of the three most common causes of childhood otitis media.o The other two beingStreptococcus pneumoniae andMoraxella catarrhaliso The diagnosis is made by pneumatic otoscopyAn etiologic diagnosis, although not routinely ... | |
Tonsillectomy following peritonsilar abscess is done after weeks -: (A) 3-Jan, (B) 6-Apr, (C) 8-Jun, (D) 12-Aug | Answer is C. Ans- C 6-8 weeks Ref. Turner 7 Oth/ed p 86; Head and Neck Surgery by Chris DeSouza Vol 2 p 7583 a. Friends, Dhingra and Turner have a different opinions on this one. b. According to Turner 10th/ed p 86-'The tonsils should be removed 6-8 weeks following a Quinsy." c. According to Dhingra 6th/ed p 265-'Tonsi... | |
Aspirin triad is?: (A) Churg-Strauss syndrome, (B) Kartagener s syndrome, (C) Sampter's syndrome, (D) Young syndrome | Answer is C. ANSWER: (C) Sampter's syndromeREF: With textIn 1922 Widal et al. recognized the additional association of nasal polyposis with aspirin sensitivity and asthma. This became commonly known as "aspirin triad." Following studies by Samter and Beers in the late 1960s, aspirin triad was commonly referred to as Sa... | |
All the following are Derivatives of Dorsal mesogastrium except: (A) Greater Omentum, (B) Falciform Ligament, (C) Gastrophrenic Ligament, (D) Gastrosplenic Ligament | Answer is B. The derivatives of Dorsal mesogastrium are:(1) The greater or caudal pa of the dorsal mesogastrium becomes greatly elongated and forms the greater omentum.(2) The spleen develops in relation to the cranial pa of the dorsal mesogastrium and divides it into dorsal and ventral pas. The ventral pa forms the ga... | |
Peripheral resistance is best indicated by:: (A) Diastolic blood pressure, (B) Pulse pressure, (C) Systolic resistance in aoa as it increases in its length, (D) Mean aerial pressure, which is responsible for blood flow to an organ | Answer is A. Ans. a. Diastolic blood pressure Aerial hypeension is the result of abnormal flow/resistance relationships. Resistance to outflow consists of different components: the systolic component is the one generated by conductance vessels, whereas the diastolic component consists of peripheral resistance, which re... | |
Gas gangrene is caused by all except?: (A) Cl. histolyticum, (B) Cl. novyi, (C) Cl. septicum, (D) Cl. sporogenes | Answer is D. Ans. is 'd' i.e., Cl. sporogenes | |
Vogt's striae shown below are seen in:: (A) Congenital glaucoma, (B) Keratoconus, (C) Aphakia, (D) Subluxated lens | Answer is B. Ans. (b) Keratoconus. | |
All of the following statements about the control of micturition are true except:: (A) An individual with a spinal cord injury at L1 can still have a micturition reflex, (B) The micturition reflex can occur without voiding any urine, (C) Bladder volume can be more than double that present when the first urge to void oc... | Answer is D. Micturition is initiated by activation of afferent sensory fibers located in the wall of the bladder; these fibers sense the degree of stretch of the bladder wall. In addition, these sensory fibers travel back to the spinal cord via sacral dorsal roots. The sensory information that reaches the spinal cord ... | |
Drug of choice for a case of uncomplicated cystitis -: (A) Amoxicillin, (B) Chloramphenicol, (C) Cotrimoxazole, (D) Fosfomycin | Answer is D. Ans. is 'd' i.e.. Fosfomycin[Ref: OBJECTIVE: To determine the drug of choice for the treatment of uncomplicated cystitis. METHOD: Drug selection was performed by means of the so-called 'system of objectified judgment analysis' (SOJA) method by a working group of 11 persons. The following selection criteria... | |
Mucosa is involved in –: (A) Psoriasis, (B) Lichen planus, (C) Alopecia, (D) Scabies | Answer is B. Diseases involving oral mucosa :- Lichen plaints, Pemphigus, Infections (Candida, Secondary syphilis, HSV), Leucoplakia, Erythema multiforme, Peutz Jegher syndrome, Aphthous ulcers, Bechet's disease, squamous cell carcinoma | |
Glucose alanine cycle is impoant in:: (A) Liver, (B) Hea, (C) Muscle, (D) Kidney | Answer is C. In the fasting state, there is a considerable output of alanine from skeletal muscle, far in excess of its concentration in the muscle proteins that are being catabolized. It is formed by transamination of pyruvate produced by glycolysis of muscle glycogen, and is expoed to the liver, where, after transami... | |
Lord's and Jaboulay's operation is done for: (A) Rectal prolapse, (B) Fistula in ano, (C) Inguinal hernia, (D) Hydrocele | Answer is D. These operations are done for hydrocele .Lord's operation or plication is suitable when the sac is small, thin walled and contains clear fluid. Here tunica is bunched into a 'ruff' at its attachment to the testis by using a series of multiple interrupted chromic catgut sutures to plicate the redundant tuni... | |
Which of the following is not a function of aqueous humor?: (A) Maintenance of IOP, (B) Providing nutrition to retina, (C) Transparency of eye, (D) Drainage | Answer is B. It provides nutrition to the cornea and lens and not the retina. Functions of aqueous humor: Maintenance of IOP Nutrition to lens and cornea Maintaining transparency of eye Clearing the eye of toxins | |
Painful ulcers over genitalia are caused by –: (A) Primary syphilis, (B) Granuloma inguinale, (C) Chancroid, (D) LGV | Answer is C. None | |
Trichotillomania-: (A) Irresistable desire to set fire, (B) Irresistable desire to steal things, (C) Compulsive hair pulling, (D) Pathological gambling | Answer is C. Ans. is 'c' i.e., Compulsive hair pulling o As there is no organic or behavioral disorders, this girl is suffering with impulse control disorder of compulsive hair pulling, known as Trichotillomania.Impulse control disordero These disorders are characterized by failure to resist an impulsive behavior that ... | |
Inositic acid is biological precursor of ?: (A) Uracil and thymine, (B) Purines and thy mine, (C) Adenylic acid and guanylic acid, (D) Orotic acid and uridylic acid | Answer is C. C i.e., Adenylic & guanylic acid | |
Geographic lytic lesions in the vault of the skull with bevelled edges are seen with:: (A) Eosinophilic granuloma, (B) Multiple myeloma, (C) Hyperparathyroidism, (D) Reticular cell carcinoma | Answer is A. Ans. Eosinophilic granuloma | |
Which enzyme level is tested in thiamine deficiency?: (A) PDH, (B) Pyruvate kinase, (C) Transketolase, (D) Kinase | Answer is C. Thiamine (vitamin B1) Deficiency It is assessed by Erythrocyte transketolase activity. Thiamine (Vitamin B1) is the marker for transketolase enzyme -which is involved in HMP pathway (in RBCs) Activity of Transketolase is measured (not the quantity). | |
The measure of variability indicating how many standard detions, an observation is above or below the mean is: (A) Z score, (B) Standard error (S.E), (C) Standard detion (S.D), (D) Co-efficient of Variation | Answer is A. A z-score is the number of standard detions from the mean. The coefficient of variation (CV) is a measure of relative variability. It is the ratio of the standard detion to the mean. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 849 | |
A Down syndrome child is mentally retarded. All cytogenetic abnormalities may occurs except?: (A) Deleted 21, (B) Trisomy 21, (C) Robesonia translocation, (D) Mosaic | Answer is A. Ans is 'a' i.e., Deleted 21 | |
Hydatidiform mole is associated with :: (A) Follicular ovarian cysts, (B) Theca lutein cysts, (C) Ovarian carcinoma, (D) Ovarian atrophy | Answer is B. Theca lutein cysts | |
A 24-year-old P2+0 woman presents to the emergency department complaining of pain in her right breast. The patient is postpartum day 10 from an uncomplicated spontaneous vaginal delivery at 42 weeks. She reports no difficulty breast-feeding for the first several days postpartum, but states that for the past week her da... | Answer is A. A postpartum lady coming with H/o pain in breast and fever and nipples being warm, red, swollen, with no induration, fluctuance and no pus extruding from them - leaves no doubt that the patient is having mastitis. As discussed in question 9, mastitis is not a contraindication for breast feeding. She should... | |
A 65-year-old male is having a swelling on the back of lower thigh. On investigation it was found to be a high grade liposarcoma of 5 cm in size. Best management is:: (A) Amputation of limb at mid thigh, (B) Wide local excision, (C) Chemotherapy, (D) Radiotherapy | Answer is B. Ans. B. Wide local excisionExplanationLiposarcoma is one of the types of soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Liposarcoma is the most frequent STS subtype and represents 45% of all retroperitoneal sarcoma. It is composed of three histologicvarieties (listed in order of decreasing frequency):Well-differentiated and d... | |
Preganglionic supply to the submandibular gland is: (A) Otic ganglion, (B) Geniculate ganglion, (C) Superior salivary nucleus, (D) Inferior salivary nucleus | Answer is C. The sensory root is from the lingual nerve. It is suspended by two roots of lingual nerve.The sympathetic root is from the sympathetic plexus around the facial aery. This plexus contains postganglionic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. These fibers pass express through th... | |
Phycomycosis is also called: (A) Botryomycosis, (B) Coccidiomycosis, (C) Phytomycosis, (D) Mucormycosis | Answer is D. None | |
Skin biopsy in leprosy is characterized by –: (A) Periappendgeal bacilli, (B) Periappendgeal lymphocytosis, (C) Perivascular lymphocytosis, (D) All of the above | Answer is D. In indeterminate leprosy, there is perivascular and Periappendageal infiltrate of lymphocytes.
In lepromatous leprosy large number of lepra bacill are seen in dermal infiltrate around appendages (periappandgeal). | |
Most commonly used measure of central tendency-: (A) Mean, (B) Median, (C) Mode, (D) None | Answer is A. Ans. is 'a' i.e., Mean * The commonly used statistical average (measures of central tendency) are (i) Arithmetic mean, (ii) Median and (iii) Mode.Arithmetic mean* It is the most commonly used statistical average. It is obtained by sum of all the values divided by total number of values.Mean =[?]x----e* The... | |
All of the following are pre-malignant except:: (A) Crohn's disease, (B) Ulcerative colitis, (C) Peutz-Jegher's syndrome, (D) Barrett's esophagus | Answer is C. Ans. c. Peutz-Jegher's syndrome | |
Condition not associated with bronchiectasis is?: (A) Pericarditis, (B) Lung cancer, (C) Amyloidosis, (D) Hemoptysis | Answer is B. Ans. is 'b' i.e., Lung Cancer * Important complications of bronchiectasis are massive hemoptysis, purulent pericarditis, lung abscess, empyema, amyloidosis, metastatic abscess (in brain, bones etc) , and cor pulmonale. It is not a premalignant condition. | |
Lateral medullary syndrome or Wallenberg syndrome involves all, EXCEPT:: (A) 5th cranial nerve, (B) 9th cranial nerve, (C) 10th cranial nerve, (D) 12th cranial nerve | Answer is D. Ipsilateral cranial nerve involvement (spinal tract of Vth cranial nerve and IX, X, XI cranial nerve) is seen in Wallenberg syndrome. Clinical manifestations of involvement of these cranial nerves are, loss of taste from the posterior third of the tongue (nuclei or fibers of CN IX and X) and reduced cornea... | |
Maximum equilibrium potential is for -: (A) Na+, (B) K+, (C) Cl-, (D) None | Answer is B. Ans. is 'b' i.e., K+ | |
Amitryptyline is a: (A) Antibiotic, (B) Sedative, (C) Tricyclic antidepressant, (D) Diuretic | Answer is C. None | |
Commonly used FNAC needle gauge -: (A) 26-29, (B) 22-26, (C) 18-22, (D) 16-18 | Answer is B. None | |
The sensitive period for tetracycline induced discolouration in the permanent maxillary mandibular incisors and canines is: (A) 3 months postpartum to 7th year of Life, (B) 4 months in utero to 3 months postpartum, (C) 5 months in utero to 9 months postpartum, (D) Birth to 7th year | Answer is A. None | |
A 40 year old male had multiple blisters over the trunk & Extremities. Direct immuno fluoresce studies showed linear IgG deposits along the basement membrane, which of the following is the most likely diagnosis –: (A) Pemphigus vulgaris, (B) Bullous pemphigoid, (C) Pemphigus foliaceous, (D) Dermatitis herpetiformis | Answer is B. IgG deposits along basement membrane occurs only in bullous pemphigoid, amongst the given options. | |
Allergic rhinitis is which type of hypersensitivity-: (A) Type -1, (B) Type-2, (C) Type-3, (D) Type-4 | Answer is A. Ans. is 'a' i.e., Type -1 Pathogenesis of allergic rhinitiso Allergic rhinitis is a type I hypersensitivityIt occurs in two phases:-1) Initial response/Acute or early phase# After first antigen exposure, this antigen is presented to CD-4 helper T cells (TH, type) by antigen presenting cells. These primed T... | |
Myasthenia gravis is associated with: (A) Thymoma, (B) Thymic carcinoma, (C) Thymic hyperplasia, (D) Lymphoma | Answer is A. Some 60%of Myasthenia gravis are associated with a peculiar reactive hyperplasia of intrathymic B cells and another 20%are associated with thymoma, a tumor of thymic epithelial cells. Robbins basic pathology 9th edition page no 800,heading =Myasthenia gravis Option 4 is correct | |
Red degeneration most commonly occurs in: (A) 1st trimester, (B) 2nd trimester, (C) 3rd trimester, (D) Puerperium | Answer is B. Ans. is 'b' i.e. 2nd Trimester Red degeneration of the myomasRed degeneration of uterine myomas develops most frequently during pregnancy. It typically occurs during 2nd trimester (20-22) weeks of pregnancy.During red degeneration, the myomas become tense, tender and causes severe abdominal pain with const... | |
Which one of the following is a conjugated vaccine-: (A) Hepatitis B, (B) Rubella, (C) Hemophilius influenza, (D) Peussis | Answer is C. Ans. is 'c' i.e., Hemophillus influenzae HIB PRP vaccine (conjugate vaccine) is available for H. influenzae type b. o Currently no vaccine is available for non typable strains. | |
Echoencephalography is most useful in detecting:: (A) Ventricular dilatation, (B) Midline shift, (C) Epilepsy, (D) Vascular lesions | Answer is A. Ans. Ventricular dilatation | |
Vidian neurectomy is done in?: (A) Allergic rhinitis, (B) Vasomotor rhinitis, (C) Atrophic rhinitis, (D) Rhinitis medicamentosa | Answer is B. Ans. (b) Vasomotor rhinitisRef: Dhingra's 4th ed p-160 | |
Vasanti 45 years, was brought to casualty with abnormal movements which induced persistent detion of neck to right side. One day before she was prescribed Haloperidol 5mg three times daily from the psychiatry OPD. She also had an alternation with her husband recently. Which of the following is the most likely cause for... | Answer is C. C i.e. Acute drug dystonia | |
Which of the following statistics should be adjusted for age to allow comparisons -: (A) Age specific fertility rate, (B) Crude mortality rate, (C) Perinatal mortality rate, (D) Infant mortality rate | Answer is B. Crude Mortality Rate (Crude Death Rate) is not a correct parameter to compare death rates of two populations since each population is likely to have different age compositions. Age adjustment or Age standardization is required to compare crude death rates from two different populations.
Infant Mortality Ra... | |
In postmenopausal women, estrogen is metabolized mostly into: (A) Estriol, (B) Estrone, (C) Estradiol, (D) Androstenedione | Answer is B. . | |
Pain-sensitive intracranial structure is: (A) Piamater, (B) Pial vessels, (C) Duramater, (D) Brain mater | Answer is C. Intracranial structures sensitive to pain are scalp, anponeurotica, duramater around venous sinuses & vessels, falx & tentorium cerebri, cranial venous sinuses, some arteries. Intracranial structures insensitive to pain are brain parenchyma, ventricular ependyma, duramater over convexity of skull, piameter... | |
Auer rods are seen in:: (A) Acute myeloid leukemia., (B) Chronic myeloid leukemia., (C) Iron deficiency anaemia, (D) Hodgkin’s disease. | Answer is A. Some of the commonly employed cytochemical stains, as an aid to classify the type of acute leukemia, are-
Myeloperoxidase: positive in immature myeloid cells containing granules and Auer rods but negative in M0 myeloblasts.
Sudan black: Positive in immature cells in AML.
Periodic acid Schiff (PAS): Positi... | |
A 5-day-old male infant is diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease. CT scan examination reveals an abnormally dilated colon. Which of the following is the most likely embryologic mechanism responsible for Hirschsprung disease?: (A) Failure of neural crest cells to migrate into the walls of the colon, (B) Incomplete separat... | Answer is A. Congenital megacolon (Hirschsprung disease) results from the failure of neural crest cells to migrate into the walls of the colon. Incomplete separation of the cloaca would result in anal agenesis either with or without the presence of a fistula. The failure of recanalization of the colon results in rectal... | |
Winging of the scapula is seen in injury to which nerve?: (A) Long thoracic nerve of Bell, (B) Ulnar nerve, (C) Lower subscapular nerve, (D) Thoracodorsal nerve | Answer is A. Ans. is 'a' i.e., Long thoracic nerve of Bell * Winging of scapula is caused most commonly by serratus anterior palsy. This is typically caused by damage to long thoracic nerve (nerve to serratus anterior). | |
A 16-year-old boy suffering from drug abuse presents with cross-over of sensory perceptions, such that, sounds can be seen and colors can be heard. Which of the following is the most likely agents responsible for drug abuse:: (A) Cocaine, (B) LSD, (C) Marijuana, (D) PCP | Answer is B. B i.e. (LSD) - Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) has potent psychedelic & hallucinogenic effects and produce a variety of bizarre and offer conflicting perceptual and mood changes, including visual illusions, synesthesias (reflex hllucination = sensory modalities cross over) extreme lability of moodQ. and s... | |
Monoclonal antibody used in Head and neck cancer is:-: (A) Pembrolizumab, (B) Trastuzumab, (C) Rituximab, (D) Ocralizumab | Answer is A. Drug Mechanism of action Uses Pembrolizumab Monoclonal antibody against PD 1 * Multiple myeloma * Non small cell lung cancer * Head and neck cancer * Any cancer containing mismatch repair Trastuzumab Monoclonal antibody against her-2/neu Breast cancer, gastroesophageal junction cancer Rituximab Monoclonal ... | |
Numerator in negative predictive value -: (A) True positive, (B) False positive, (C) True negative, (D) False negative | Answer is C. Ans. is 'c' i.e., True negative o The results of a screening test can be arranged in following table : -Screening test resultsDiagnosisTotalDiseasedNot diseasedPositiveNegativeTrue positive (a)False negative (c)False positive (b)True negative (d)a + bc + dTotala + cb + d From this table following measure c... | |
Which one of the following agents / drugs is of no value in the post operative care of the hemophilic patient?: (A) Tranexamic acid, (B) Clopidogrel, (C) Aminocaproic Acid, (D) Factor VIII Cryoprecipitate | Answer is B. None | |
Increased BP & decreased heart rate is seen in: (A) Hemorrhage, (B) High altitude, (C) Raised intracranial pressure, (D) Anemia | Answer is C. Raised intracranial pressure initiates Cushing’s reflex. Cushing’s reflex leads to a rise in arterial pressure, which restores the blood supply to the brain. At the same time, the raised BP causes reflex Bradycardia through the baroreceptors. | |
Ether is still used as a general anaesthetic in lndia, specially in peripheral hospitals because:: (A) It is non-explosive, (B) It is pleasant smelling and non irritating, (C) It induces anaesthesia rapidly, (D) It is cheap and can be administered without anaesthetic machine | Answer is D. (Ref: KDT 6/e p371) Ether is the only complete anaesthetic agent. It is highly inflammable and explosive. It has good analgesic and muscle relaxant action. It can be delivered by open method. It is a pungent smelling liquid. Induction of anaesthesia with ether is quite slow. All the four stages can be seen... | |
A patient presents 12 hours following a Myocardial infarction. Which of the following enzymes will be elevated at this period -: (A) Lactate dehydrogenase, (B) Serum glutamate oxaloacetate Transferase, (C) Creatinine phosphokinase, (D) Myoglobin | Answer is C. Ref: R Alagappan - Manual of Practical Medicine 4th Edition.pg no:184 Cardiac Enzymes a. CPK-MB: This cardiac isoenzyme stas rising within 4-6 hrs after development of acute MI, peaks during the 2nd day (4 fold rise) and disappears in 2-3 days. Other causes of total CK elevation: 1. Skeletal diseases - Pol... | |
IPC 314 deals with ?: (A) Causing miscarriage with consent, (B) Death of patient caused by miscarriage, (C) Death of child during miscarriage, (D) Abondoning the child | Answer is B. Ans. is 'b' i.e., Death of patient caused by miscarriage Offences related to aboion and child bih 312 , 313, 314 and 315 IPC : For causing voluntary miscarriage (criminal aboion). 312 IPC : Causing miscarriage with consent (3 years of imprisonment +- fine). 313 IPC : Causing miscarriage without consent of ... | |
Which of the following is long acting insulin?: (A) Insulin Lispro, (B) Insulin Aspart, (C) Insulin Glargine, (D) Insulin Glulisine | Answer is C. None |
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