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Drug of choice for Zollinger Ellison syndrome:: (A) Proton pump inhibitor, (B) Antacids, (C) Antithistminics, (D) H2 blockers | Answer is A. Proton pump inhibitor | |
A 24 year old construction worker presents to his physician after an injury on the job. Physical examination is remarkable for marked flexion of the ring and little fingers of the left hand. Which of the following additional findings would most likely be found on physical examination?: (A) Loss of sensation on the back... | Answer is C. Clawing of the ring, forefinger and little fingers is characteristic of an ulnar nerve lesion. Ulnar nerve lesions can also produce wasting of the hypothenar eminence and dorsal interosseous muscles. The latter causes "guttering" between the extensor tendons on the back of the hand. Ulnar lesions also caus... | |
Which of the following fat soluble vitamin has been identified to function as a coenzyme?: (A) Vitamin A, (B) Vitamin K, (C) Vitamin E, (D) Vitamin D | Answer is B. Most of the water soluble vitamins exert the functions through their respective coenzymes while only one fat soluble vitamin (K) has been identified to function as a coenzyme.
Reference: Satyanarayana- Biochemistry, 3rd edition, pg-117 | |
Chassar Moir surgery is done is case of:: (A) Uterine inversion, (B) VVF repair, (C) Ureterovesical fistula repair, (D) Retroverted uterus | Answer is B. Ans. is b, i.e. VVF repairRef: Shaw 14th/ed, p168SurgeryDone in1. Kelly stitch/Boney's Test/Marshall Marchetti Krantz SurgeryStress Urinary Incontinence2. Chassar Moir Technique/ Latzko technique/ layer techniqueVVF Repair3. Boari Flap TechniqueUretrovaginal Fistula repair4. Purandare Sling/ Fothergill's R... | |
Not associated with coal tar: (A) Bladder cancer, (B) Skin cancer, (C) Lung cancer, (D) Leukemia | Answer is D. (D) Leukaemia# Occupational exposure to coal tar or coal-tar pitch is associated with an increased risk of skin cancer.> Other types of cancer, including lung, bladder, kidney, and digestive tract cancer, have also been linked to occupational exposure to coal tar and coal-tar pitch. | |
What is the most probable cause of large head in this child?: (A) Osteogenesis imperfecta, (B) Mucopolysaccharidosis, (C) Hydrocephalus, (D) Cerebral gigantism | Answer is C. c. HydrocephalusLarge head in an infant with venous prominences over scalp and presence of 'setting-sun sign', suggest hydrocephalus. | |
A 20 year old man presented with abdominal pain, vomiting and bloody diarrhea, his stool sample grew Escherichia coli in pure culture. Which of the following serotype of E.coli is the causative agent of hemorrhagic colitis?: (A) O 157:H7, (B) O 159:H7, (C) O 107:H7, (D) O 55:H7 | Answer is A. Enterohemorrhagic E.coli O157:H7 is the serotype of E.coli causing hemorrhagic colitis. It is associated with the ingestion of undercooked hamburger, sprouts, unpasteurized milk or juice. EHEC produces a shiga toxin and can cause colitis after an incubation period of 3 -5 days. It typically produces watery... | |
Which year MTP act was passed -: (A) 1971, (B) 1981, (C) 1957, (D) 1961 | Answer is A. park's textbook of preventive and social medicine 23rd edition. *implementing rules and regulations for legalisation of aboion was initially written in 1971 were revised again in 1992 came to be known as the MTP act 1971. | |
Which of the following tumours present with proptosis-: (A) Neuroblastoma, (B) Nephroblastoma, (C) Germ cell tumour, (D) Medulloblastoma | Answer is A. Most common cause of bilateral proptosis: In children : Neuroblastoma and leukemia (chloroma). In adults : Thyroid ophthalmopathy. Most common cause of unilateral proptosis: In children : Orbital cellulitis. In adults : Thyroid ophthalmopathy. Other tumors causing proptosis : symmetrical lymphoma, secondar... | |
Receptors of LDL is/are -: (A) B 100, (B) B 48, (C) APO Al, (D) APO A 1 1 | Answer is A. Ans. is 'a' i.e., B 100Apo B-100 acts as a ligand for binding to LDL receptor.Also knowApo E in IDL acts as ligand for LDL receptor mediated endocytosis of IDL and chylomicron remnants. So, Ligand for LDL receptors are :(i) APO B-100 (for LDL)(ii) APO E (for IDL & Chylomicron remnants) | |
Influenza belongs to: (A) Ohomyxoviridae, (B) Retroviridae, (C) Herpes virus, (D) Pox virus | Answer is A. Ohomyxoviruses are medium-sized, 80 to 120-nm enveloped viruses exhibiting helical symmetry. The genome is linear, segmented, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA, totaling 10-13.6 kb in size. Segments range from 890 to 2350 nucleotides each. Ohomyxoviruses include influenza viruses that infect humans or an... | |
Fish acts as intermediate host in -a) D. latumb) Clonorchis sinensisc) H. Diminutad) H. Nana: (A) ac, (B) ab, (C) ad, (D) bc | Answer is B. Fish acts as intermediate host: Diphyllobothrium latum, Clonorchis sinensis, Paragonimus westermani (Crab fish), Metagonimus spp., Heterophyes heterophyes
In case of H. nana Human, rat and mouse acts as both definitive and intermediate host, no intermediate host.
In case of H. diminuta: Flea acts as interm... | |
Lilliputian hallucinations are seen in: (A) Alcohol withdrawal, (B) Opioid withdrawal, (C) LSD withdrawal, (D) Cocaine withdrawal | Answer is A. Lilliputian hallucinations are the visual type where objects appear tiny than their usual size. delirium is a type of ORGANIC BRAIN SYNDROME it presents with clouding of consiousness the main cognitive function that is altered is attention impairment and disorientation the main hallucinations that presents... | |
Gas most suited for laproscopy is -: (A) Air, (B) Nitrogen, (C) CO, (D) Carbon dioxide | Answer is D. Ans. is `d' i.e., Carbon dioxide | |
Dolicocephalic facial pattern is associated with:: (A) Broad dental arch, (B) Long and narrow dental arch, (C) Paraboloid dental arch, (D) Square dental arch | Answer is B. None | |
Commonest position of appendix is?: (A) Paracaecal, (B) Retrocaecal, (C) Pelvic, (D) Subcoecal | Answer is B. Retrocaecal is the mc position in 65percent cases in 12 o clock position followed by pelvic in 4 o clock position M/C :-retrocaecal>pelvic | |
In Allergic rhinitis nasal mucosa is:: (A) Pale and swollen, (B) Pink and swollen, (C) Atrophied, (D) Bluish and atrophied | Answer is A. Ans. is a i.e Pale and swollen Nasal mucosa pale, boggy, swollen and bluish Nasal mucosa congested and swollen (Hyperophic) Mulberry appearance Pale and atrophied nasal mucosa Allergic rhinitis Vasomotor rhinitis Chronic hyperophic rhinitis Atrophic rhinitis | |
All are true of cerebral salt wasting except -: (A) Increased urine output, (B) Low intravascular volume, (C) Low uric acid in serum, (D) Decreased vasopressin levels | Answer is C. Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome (CSWS) is a rare endocrine condition featuring a low blood sodium concentration and dehydration in response to injury (trauma) or the presence of tumors in or surrounding the brain. In this condition, the kidney is functioning normally but excreting excessive sodium. Ref Davi... | |
Non - bias study is -: (A) Case control study, (B) Coho study, (C) Randomized controlled trials, (D) Unrandomized trials | Answer is C. .<p>randomised control trials mainly include dtrawing up a protocol,selecting reference and experimental populations ,randomisation,manipulation or intervention ,follow up, assessment of outcome.RCT s are generally described as non biassed studies as they give no chance of any systemic error in the determi... | |
Fracture mandible occurs most common in ?: (A) Body, (B) Angle, (C) Condylar process, (D) Coronoid process | Answer is C. Ans. is 'c' i.e., Condylar process Condylar process fractures of the mandible are most common account for 35% of all the fractures of mandible. They are followed by angle, body and symphysis in decreasing order of frequency. Mnemonic CABS: condylar process >angle >body >symphysis decreasing order of freque... | |
When planning home care for a client with hepatitis A, which preventive measure should be emphasized to protect the client’s family?: (A) Keeping the client in complete isolation, (B) Using good sanitation with dishes and shared bathrooms, (C) Avoiding contact with blood-soiled clothing or dressing, (D) Forbidding the ... | Answer is B. Hepatitis A is transmitted through the faecal-oral route or from contaminated water or food.
Measures to protect the family include good handwashing, personal hygiene and sanitation, and the use of standard precautions.
Complete isolation is not required. Avoiding contact with blood-soiled clothing or dr... | |
Healthy carriers are present in all except ?: (A) Typhoid, (B) Cholera, (C) Diphtheria, (D) All | Answer is A. Ans. is 'a' i.e., Typhoid Healthy carriers Healthy carriers emerge from subclinical cases. o They are victims of subclinical infection who have developed carrier state without suffering from ove disease, but are nevehess shedding the disease agent. o Examples ---> Polio, cholera, meningococcal meningitis, ... | |
During epidural analgesia the following points suggests that needle is in the extradural space: (A) Loss of resistance sign, (B) Negative pressure sign, (C) Mackintosh extradural space indicator, (D) All of the above | Answer is D. Loss of resistance technique, tactile feedback from the needle, and surface landmarks are traditionally used to guide the epidural needle tip into the epidural space (EDS). Number of newer techniques are now available like ultrasound - Ultrasound imaging with preacquired three-dimensional images of spine, ... | |
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Fanconi anaemia -: (A) Hematologic abnormalities in infancy, (B) Pancytopenia, (C) Skeletal anomalies, (D) Chromosome fragility | Answer is A. None | |
An ankle-brachial index (ABI) that suggests increased risk of myocardial infarction would be: (A) <0.9, (B) <0.6, (C) >0.9, (D) >0.6 | Answer is A. There is increasing interest in the use of the ankle-brachial index (ABI) to evaluate patients at risk for cardiovascular events. An ABI less than 0.9 correlates with increased risk of myocardial infarction and indicates significant, although perhaps asymptomatic, underlying peripheral vascular disease. | |
EBV Causes:: (A) Ca cervix, (B) Ca Nasopharynx, (C) Ca lung, (D) Ca uterus | Answer is B. Ca Nasopharynx | |
Which of the following local anaesthetic causes methemoglobinemia?: (A) Procaine, (B) Prilocaine, (C) Etidocaine, (D) Ropivacaine | Answer is B. Prilocaine similar to that of lidocaine. The primary differences are that it causes little vasodilation and thus can be used without a vasoconstrictor, and its increased volume of distribution reduces its CNS toxicity, making it suitable for intravenous regional blocks. The drug is unique among the local a... | |
TRUE about infant airway compared to adult airway are all, EXCEPT:: (A) The relatively large size of the tongue, (B) Epiglottis is omega shaped, (C) Larynx is funnel shaped, (D) None of the above | Answer is D. Differences in airway anatomy make the potential for technical airway difficulties greater in infants than in teenagers or adults. The airway of infants differs in five ways: (1) the relatively large size of the infant's tongue in relation to the oropharynx increases the likelihood of airway obstruction an... | |
In which of the following condition there is increased level of ammonia in blood?: (A) Ornithine transcarbamoylase deficiency, (B) Galactosaemia, (C) Histidinaemia, (D) Phenyl ketonuria | Answer is A. Ans: a (Ornithine transcarbamoylase deficiency) Ref: Vasudevan, 4th ed, p. 170,171,199In ornithine transcarbamoylase deficiency there will be high level of ammonia in blood.Rate limiting step in urea synthesis is formation of carbomoyl phosphate. It is catalysed by carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I.One mole... | |
The mechanism of action of emergency contraception includes the following except:: (A) By Causing early ovulation, (B) Degeneration of corpus leutum, (C) Inhibition of fertilization, (D) Prevention of implantation of fertilized egg. | Answer is A. Ans. A. By Causing early ovulation.Methods of emergency contraceptionThere are two methods of emergency contraception:# emergency contraception pills (ECPs)# copper-bearing intrauterine devices (IUDs).When inserted within five days of unprotected intercourse, a copper-bearing IUD is the most effective form... | |
All the following statements art true for the viral genome in HIV, Except: (A) They are diploid, (B) They consist of DNA dependent DNA polymerase activity, (C) They consist of three major genes-gag, pol and envcharacteristic of all retroviruses, (D) They are most complex of human retroviruses | Answer is B. None | |
True about mitochondrial inheritance: (A) An offspring bom to an affected male will be affected, (B) An offspring born to an affected female will be affected, (C) An offspring born to an affected female will be normal, (D) All of the above | Answer is B. Ans. b (An offspring bom to an affected female will be affected) (Ref. Nelson paediatrics, Ch. 80. p. 496)Mitochondrial Inheritance# An individual's mitochondrial genome is entirely derived from the mother. Sperm contain few mitochondria, most of which are shed upon fertilization.# Mitochondrial disorders ... | |
HCV virus is ?: (A) Enveloped DNA, (B) Enveloped RNA, (C) Nonenveloped DNA, (D) Nonenveloped RNA | Answer is B. Ans. is 'b' i.e., Hepatitis C virus is a small, enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae. | |
Ca 125 is used for ?-: (A) Follow up of ovarian cancer, (B) Diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, (C) Diagnosis of stomach cancer, (D) Diagnosis of ovarian cancer | Answer is A. Harshmohan textbook of pathology 7th edition. CA 125 is a tumor marker of ovarian cancer. Most commonly used for follow up of ovarian cancer. pancreas tumor marker CA 19-9.. | |
With increase in age which of the following is true for lungs: (A) Pulmonary compliance increases, (B) Residual volume decreases, (C) Mucocillary clearance increases, (D) The alveolar dead space decreases | Answer is A. Ageing and Lung Changes * Decreased chest wall compliance is counter balanced by a loss of elastic recoil of the lungs (increased lung compliance), which is due to a decrease in the number of parenchymal elastic fibers. * Chest wall and thoracic spine deformities which leads to increase work of breathing. ... | |
Which of the following is best type of inquest at the international level?: (A) Coroner's inquest, (B) Police inquest, (C) Medical examiner's inquest, (D) Magistrates inquest | Answer is C. Medical examiner's inquest is prevalent in most of the states of USA.it is considered to be superior to all other types of inquest, because it is conducted by a forensic pathologist with medical, scientific,& legal knowledge.police& magistrates inquest common in India. Coroner's inquest was common in Mumba... | |
T/t of alcohol withdrawal -: (A) B-blocker, (B) BZD, (C) Amitryptiline, (D) SSRIs | Answer is B. None | |
Wiggly appearance of the master cone in the root canal suggests:: (A) Long cone in the canal, (B) Short cone in the canal, (C) Thick cone in the canal, (D) Thin cone in the canal | Answer is B. If the cone goes to length and radiographically exhibits a wiggly or S-shaped appearance, the cone is too small for the canal and a larger cone must be selected. | |
A neonate within 4 hours of bih presented with severe respiratory distress. He appears to be dyspneic, tachypneic, and cyanotic with severe retractions of the chest. On examination, grunting is present along with use of the accessory muscles. Neonate also appears to have scaphoid abdomen and increased chest wall diamet... | Answer is C. This is a case of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (bochdalek or posterolateral hernia) Chest radiograph shows a stomach, nasogastric tube, and small bowel contents in the thoracic cavity, consistent with a CDH. Development of Diaphragm: PA A: Body wall: Peripheral muscular pa PA B: Oesophageal Mesentery: C... | |
A boy comes with complains of vomiting, bloated abdomen and abdominal pain. He has a history of attending ice–cream eating competition last night. Ile also has a past history of similar episodes following ingestion of milk and milk products. The likely cause –: (A) Pancreatic amylase deficiency, (B) Lactase deficiency,... | Answer is B. History of ice cream ingestion and subsequent symptoms of vomiting, bloated abdomen, are characteristic findings of lactase deficiency.
Lactase deficiency -
Lactase is a disaccharidase present on intestinal epithelium (brush border)*. It is used to digest lactose (disaccharide).
Symptoms arise after ing... | |
True about aplastic anemia -a) Splenomegalyb) Nucleated RBC in peripheral bloodc) Reticulocytopeniad) Thrombocytopeniae) Neutropenia: (A) abd, (B) cde, (C) bde, (D) ade | Answer is B. Aplastic anemia is a disorder of marrow failure which stems from suppression or disappearance of multipotent myeloid stem cells. It is characterized by: Anemia, Neutropenia , Thrombocytopenia, and Reticulocytopenia. Splenomegaly is characteristically absent; if present, the diagnosis of aplastic anemia is ... | |
In leptospirosis, the following clinical features are seen except-: (A) Jaundice which may be intense, (B) Hemorrhage, (C) Hepatomegaly, (D) Massive splenomegaly | Answer is D. Clinical features After a relatively brief bacteraemia, invading organisms are distributed throughout the body, mainly in kidneys, liver, meninges and brain. The incubation period averages 1-2 weeks. Four main clinical syndromes can be discerned and clinical features can involve multiple different organ sy... | |
The minimum period required for post-exposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV is:: (A) 4 weeks, (B) 6 weeks, (C) 8 weeks, (D) 12 weeks | Answer is A. Post exposure prophylaxis for HIV: Ideally HIV PEP must be initiated as soon as possible HIV PEP must be initiated within: 24 hours HIV PEP unreasonable to initiate beyond: 72 hours Duration of HIV PEP: 4 weeks Follow-up period after HIV PEP: 12 weeks. Only the higher risk injuries are offered HIV post-exp... | |
Where was the atraumatic restorative treatment first introduced?: (A) Tanzania, (B) China, (C) U.S.A., (D) New Zealand | Answer is A. None | |
Howell jolly bodies are seen in?: (A) Iron deficiency anemia, (B) Hemolytic anemia, (C) Polycythemia vera, (D) Multiple myeloma | Answer is B. Ans. is 'b' i.e. Hemolytic anemia Howell-Jolly bodies (HJ bodies)* These are round solid staining, dark-blue to purple inclusions. They are nuclear remanants predominatly composed of DNA.* The presence of Howel-Jolly bodies is associated with hemolytic anemia, megaloblastic anemia, hereditary spherocytosis... | |
Secular trend is: (A) Long term, (B) Sho term, (C) Both, (D) None | Answer is A. The term secular trend implies changes in the occurence of diseases (i.e. A progressive increase or decrease)over a long period of time generally several years or decades.(refer pg no: 66 park 23 rd edition) | |
A 65 year male has a history of sweating and chest pain for last 24 hours with the following ECG. Which of the following is not given in managing the patient?: (A) Aspirin, (B) Statin, (C) Thrombolytic therapy, (D) Morphine | Answer is C. T waves are hyper-acute in leads V2-V5 with the simultaneous presence of ST segment elevation in chest leads V2-V5. This is diagnostic of STEMI involving anterior wall and the vessel blocked is left anterior descending aery. The symptoms of chest pain and diaphoresis are explained by the ECG findings of th... | |
During autopsy for virology study which agent is used for storing tissue -: (A) Sodium chloride, (B) Alcohol, (C) Spirit, (D) 50% glycerin | Answer is D. In autopsy in virological disease universal work precautions have to be followed and specimens are stored in 50% glycerine. Dr. Narayana Reddys Synopsis of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 27 th edition pg. 60. | |
Anesthetic agent/s which have tocolytic effect are?: (A) Halothane, (B) Enflurane, (C) Isoflurane, (D) All the above | Answer is D. Ans. is 'd' i.e., All the above Halothane, enflurane and isoflurane produce a dose dependent decrease in uterine tone (tocolysis). Studies of isoflurane demonstrate that halogenated compounds reduce both the frequency of uterinecontractions and the interval between them. | |
Helper T-cells are primarily involved in -: (A) Cell mediated immunity, (B) Killing virus infected cells, (C) Killing tumor cells, (D) Involved in type II hypersensitivity | Answer is A. Ans. is 'a' i.e.. Cell mediated immunity | |
Ideal contraceptive for a couple living in different cities meeting only occasionally:: (A) Barrier method, (B) IUCD, (C) OCP, (D) DMPA | Answer is A. Ans-A Barrier method Barrier method is a suitable contraceptive option for those who have infrequent sexual intercourse."Condom are suitable for use in old age, for a couple who have infrequent coitus, during lactation, during holidays, a subject who can not tolerate OCP, IUCD. The practice of Fertility Co... | |
Depressed of skull results from:: (A) Heavy object with small striking surface, (B) Heavy object with large striking surface, (C) Fall over the ground, (D) Light object | Answer is A. A i.e. Heavy object with small striking surface | |
The arachnoid villi responsible for cerebrospinal fluid absorption protrude mainly in the:: (A) Superior sagittal sinus, (B) Inferior sagittal sinus, (C) Straight sinus, (D) Transverse sinus | Answer is A. A i.e. Superior saggital sinus | |
Which of the following is most often involved in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 1 (MEN 1):: (A) Pituitary, (B) Pancreas, (C) Parathyroid, (D) Thyroid | Answer is C. Parathyroid | |
Carpal bone which fractures commonly:: (A) Scaphoid, (B) Lunate, (C) Hamate, (D) Pisiform | Answer is A. Ans: a | |
Spuriously high BP is seen in A/E:: (A) Auscultatory gap, (B) Small cuff, (C) Thick calcified vessels, (D) Obesity | Answer is A. Answer is A (Auscultatory gap) Spuriously high BP may be seen in obese individuals with a thick blanket of fat which dissibates cuf fpressure, patients with thick calcified vessels and use of small narrow cuff | |
Depression patients in developing countries most prominently show which of the following feature?: (A) Low mood, (B) Sleep disturbance, (C) Vague body aches, (D) Suicidal tendancy | Answer is C. Multiple physical symptoms (such as heaviness of head, vague body aches) are paicularly common in the elderly depressives and depressed patients from the developing countries (such as India) * MC psychiatric disorder in India: Depression * Neurotransmitter involved: Serotonin and nor-epinephrine * MC cause... | |
Best blood product to be given in a patient of multiple clotting factor deficiency with active bleeding: (A) Fresh frozen plasma, (B) Whole blood, (C) Packed RBCs, (D) Cryoprecipitate | Answer is A. Refer Robbins page no 664 | |
An example of tumor suppressor gene is: (A) Myc, (B) Fos, (C) Ras, (D) Rb | Answer is D. Ref Robbins 7/e p300; , Harrison 17/e p499; 9/e p290 Tumor suppressor genes are the genes whose products down regulate the cell cycle. RB Gene: Governor of the Cell Cycle It is useful to begin with the retinoblastoma gene (RB), the first tumor suppressor gene to be discovered and, as it happens, a prototyp... | |
The extent of bony defects can be best estimated by: (A) Long cone parallel radiographic technique, (B) Sequential probing, (C) Use of Florida probe, (D) Transgingival probing | Answer is D. None | |
All of the following are associated with proximal muscle weakness except -: (A) Spinomuscular atrophy, (B) Duchenis muscular dystrophy, (C) Polymyositis, (D) Myotonic dystrophy | Answer is D. Ans. is 'd' i.e., Myotonic dystrophy o The general rule in that : Myopathies have proximal muscle weakness. Neuropathies have distal muscle weakness. o Myotonic dystrophy is an exception to this general rule and mainly involves the distal muscles. Also know o The difference between myopathy and muscular dy... | |
In status asthmaticus, anesthetic agent used as bronchodilator:-: (A) Morphine, (B) Thiopentone sodium, (C) Ketamine, (D) Halothane | Answer is C. Morphine - Morphine depresses respiratory center in a dose dependent manner Rate | Tidal | volume In healthy individuals - no cognizable respiratory depression MARKED DEPRESSION In patients with: Asthma COPD Corpulmonalae Lungs and kidney Disease THIOPENTONE SODIUM -decreases respiratory rate KETAMINE: Bro... | |
In actinomycosis of the spine, the abscess usually erodes:: (A) Intervertebral disc, (B) Into the pleural cavity, (C) Into the retroperitoneal space, (D) Towards the skin | Answer is D. (d)- Actinomycosis of spine is characterized by granulomatous lesions or osteomyelitis. Cutaneous sinus tracts frequently develop. | |
Neurotic depression may be characterised by all except -a) Ravenous appetiteb) Hypersomniac) Increased libidod) Weight gain: (A) ac, (B) bc, (C) ad, (D) b | Answer is A. Dysthymia (neurotic depression) present with mild depressive symptoms (not severe symptoms like ravenous appetite).
"Increased libido does not occur as a symptom of depression". Advanced abnormal psychology 2nd/e 309
For symptoms of dysthymia (neurotic depression) see the table of diagnostic crit... | |
This type of lesion in HIV patient is caused most likely by which of the following?: (A) Bacteria, (B) Fungus, (C) Virus, (D) Parasite | Answer is B. Ans. B. Fungusa. This HIV/AIDS patient presented with a secondary oral pseudomembranous candidiasis infection.b. The immune system which suffers with HIV undergoes a dramatic reduction in its effectiveness, resulting in the greater possibility of secondary infections. | |
Test of detecting damage to cochlea is: (A) Caloric test, (B) Weber test, (C) Rinnie's test, (D) ABC test | Answer is D. Bone conduction is a measure of cochlear function. In ABC test: Patient's bone conduction is compared with that of the examiner (presuming that the examiner has normal hearing). In conductive deafness, the patient and the examiner hear the fork for the same duration of time. In sensorineural deafness, the ... | |
Which of the following drug is used in this test?: (A) Tolazoline, (B) Clonidine, (C) Bismuth, (D) Oxymetazoline | Answer is A. The picture shows Peripheral angiography for which we need vasodilatation. Vasodilatation is produced best by non-selective alpha-blockers, tolazoline is more selective for peripheral vesselsRef: CMDT 2010-Pg 1434 | |
Which of the following finger is having two dorsal interossei muscles:: (A) Index finger, (B) Little finger, (C) Middle finger, (D) Ring finger | Answer is C. Ans. (c) Middle FingerRef: Grays Anatomy 41st Ed; Page No- 884* The four dorsal interossei muscles are bipennate in nature.* They are larger in size compare to palmar interossei.* They are arising from the adjacent sides of two metacarpal bones.* First two attach to radial side of proximal phalanx of index... | |
In achalasia cardia, true is:: (A) Pressure at distal end increased with no peristalsis, (B) Low pressure at LES with no peristalsis, (C) Pressure > 50 mmHg with peristalsis, (D) Pressure at the distal end increased with normal relaxation | Answer is A. Answer is A (Pressure at distal end increased with no peristalsis): Achalasia is characterized by an increased pressure of LES and absence of esophageal peristalsis. Physiological /Manometric features of Achalasia Elevated Resting pressure of LES (>45 mmHg)Q Incomplete LES relaxation (in response to swallo... | |
Trastuzumab all are true EXCEPT:: (A) Shows better response in combination with paclitaxel, (B) Used in metastatic breast cancer, (C) Causes upregulation of HER2/neu, (D) Do not causes bone marrow toxicity | Answer is C. Causes upregulation of HER2/neu REF: Lippincott's pharmacology 6th edition 653, Goodman & Gillman's 11'1' edition page 901, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trastuzumab "It has been suggested that trastuzumab induces some of its effect by downregulation of HER2/neu not upregulation" Trastuzumab: Herceptin (Tra... | |
With regard to surgical site infection, what is it called if bacteria are dividing and have invaded wound surface: (A) Contamination, (B) Colonization, (C) Tropical infection, (D) Local infection | Answer is C. Contamination
Bacteria are on the wound surface. No division occurring
Colonization
Bacteria are dividing
Tropical infection (Critical colonization)
Bacteria are dividing and have invaded the wound surface. There may be an increasing variety of bacteria present ; Biofilm may be present
Local infecti... | |
Concept of lingual orthodontic appliance was introduced by: (A) Atkinson, (B) Mershon, (C) Johnson, (D) Kurz | Answer is D. None | |
Balanced stone is dental stone:: (A) Which undergoes rapid expansion, (B) In which, accelerators or retarders have been added according to need, (C) In which, amount of water of hydration is controlled, (D) In which, the crystals are all of uniform size | Answer is B. A stone with a setting time established by the addition of proper quantities of both accelerator and retarder is called ‘balanced stone’.
Typical accelerators are potassium sulfate and potassium sodium tartrate (Rochelle Salts).
Typical retarders are sodium citrate and sodium tetraborate decahydrate (Bora... | |
Accurate diagnosis of anencephaly in ultrasound is seen at week :: (A) 6 weeks of gestation, (B) 8 weeks of gestation, (C) 10 weeks of gestation, (D) 14 weeks of gestation | Answer is D. 14 weeks of gestation | |
True about Pityriasis rosea is –: (A) Self limiting, (B) Chronic relapsing, (C) Life threatening infection, (D) Caused by dermatophytes | Answer is A. Pityriasis rosea is thought to be a viral disease caused by HHV6/7, which is self limiting and subsides in 6-12 weeks. | |
What is the normal net weight gain during pregnancy?: (A) 11 Pounds, (B) 24 Pounds, (C) 36 Pounds, (D) 42 Pounds | Answer is B. According to American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology the recommended weight gain for singleton pregnancy is 25-35 pounds during a singleton pregnancy. Maternal weight gain during pregnancy could be due to: Fetus: 3500 gm at term Placenta: 650g Amniotic fluid:800mg Breast enlargement: 400g Uterus: 970... | |
Shotgun does not contain :: (A) Barrel, (B) Choke bore, (C) Bullets, (D) Muzzle | Answer is C. Bullets are used in Rifled Gun. SHOT GUN also known as SMOOTH Barrel GUN :- Choking :-to decrease dispersion and increase the range. Lead shot/ pellets used in shot gun. | |
OCP failure by rifampicin is due to -: (A) Decreased absorption of OCP, (B) Increased binding of OCPs by rifampicin and reduced free drug concentration, (C) Increased metabolism of drug, (D) Increased chances of ovulation due to rifampicin | Answer is C. Ans. is 'c' i.e., Increased metabolism of drug | |
Propranolol is useful in the treatment of all of the following EXCEPT:: (A) Angina, (B) Partial atrioventricular block, (C) Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic cardiomyopathy, (D) Familial tremor | Answer is B. None | |
Which of the following is used to represent continuous (quantitative) data -: (A) Bar diagram, (B) Pie chart, (C) Histogram, (D) Map diagram | Answer is C. Ans. is 'c' i.e., Histogram DataScaleGraph/DiagramQuantitativeInterval scaleRatio scaleHistogramFrequency polygonfrequency curves linechart scatter diagramCumulative frequency CurveLine Chart graphQualitativeNominal scaleOrdinal scaleBar diagramPie chartPictogramMap diagram or spot map | |
Retraining approach in a pediatric patient, all are true, Except:: (A) Discrimination, (B) Avoidance, (C) De-emphasis and substitution, (D) Distraction | Answer is A. Retraining approach includes:
Avoidance.
De- emphasis and substitution.
Distraction. | |
Granulomatous reactions caused by ova or products of schistosomes at places of oviposition would result in clinical manifestations which includes all except:-: (A) Bladder wall hyperplasia, (B) Poal hypeension, (C) Cardiac abnormalities, (D) Splenomegaly | Answer is C. Although the chronic stage of proliferation within tissues is distinctive in the different forms of schistosomiasis, a granulomatous reaction to the eggs and chemical products of the schistosome occurs in all forms of the disease. Schistosoma haematobium commonly involves the distal bowel and the bladder, ... | |
The function of vitamin A is/are related to which of the following?: (A) Retinol, (B) Retinal, (C) Retinoic acids, (D) All of the above | Answer is D. None | |
False about actinomycetes.: (A) Non-acid fast, (B) M/C site is cervico facial, (C) Obligate anaerobe, (D) Pencillin is used in treatment for 6 weeks | Answer is D. Pencillin is the DOC.
It is used for 6-12 months. | |
A 32 year old carpenter presented to you with history of recurrent attacks of chest pain . You prescribe him sublingual nitroglycerin and advise him to take it at the time of pain. The patient revisits the hospital again after 2weeks and tells that the intensity of chest pain has increased on taking nitroglycerin. Th... | Answer is B. Nitrates are vasodilator drugs which aggravate condition of HOCM , so it is generally not used in HOCM | |
Erythropoietin production is inhibited by -: (A) Estrogen, (B) Progesterone, (C) Thyroxine, (D) Testosterone | Answer is A. Ans. is 'a' i.e., Estrogen o The most important stimulus for erythropoietin secretion is hypoxia. Other stimulus that can increase its secretion are cobalt salts, androgens, alkalosis due to high altitude, and catecholamines via b-adrenergic mechanism.o Pregnancy (due to placental lactogen), testosterone a... | |
Equatorial diameter of the lens is: (A) 7mm, (B) 8mm, (C) 9mm, (D) 10mm | Answer is C. The lens continues to grow throughout life. At bih, it measures about 6.4 mm equatorially and 3.5 mm anteroposteriorly and weighs approximately 90 mg. The adult lens typically measures 9 mm equatorially and 5 mm anteroposteriorly and weighs approximately 255 mg. Ref. AAO Sec.11 (2011-2012) Pg.No. 7 | |
The persistent suppression of bacterial growth that may occur after limited exposure to some antimicrobial drug is called :: (A) Time dependent killing, (B) Post antibiotic effect, (C) Concentration dependent killing, (D) Sequential blockade | Answer is B. Time dependent killing kinetics is shown by aminoglycosides. Here, the killing activity depends upon the length of time, plasma concentration is above MIC.
Concentration dependent killing is shown by β lactam drugs. Here, killing activity depends upon the ratio of plasma concentration to MIC.
Post-antibiot... | |
A 7 years old girl with falling grades and complaints by teacher that she is inattentive in class to her parents and has bad school performance. On hyperventilation her symptoms increased and showed the following EEG findings. Diagnosis is (graph is given):: (A) Myoclonic epilepsy, (B) Myoclonus, (C) Absence seizure, (... | Answer is C. Ans. c. Absence seizures | |
Anesthesia of choice in child with cyanotic hea disease?: (A) Propofol, (B) Ketamine, (C) Thiopentone, (D) Sevoflurane | Answer is B. Ketamine REF: Morgan 4'h ed p. 935 Anesthesia of choice for congenital hea disease Left to right shunt (Acynotic) Sevoflurane Right to left shunt (Cyanotic) Retamine | |
Hippocampal formation includes all, except?: (A) Dentate gyrus, (B) Subiculum complex, (C) Amygdaloid nucleus, (D) Entorhinal cortex | Answer is C. Ans. (c) Amygdaloid nucleusRef.: Ganong 25th ed. 1288, Atlas of neuroanatomy 2nd ed. / 203* The hippocampal formation is a compound structure in the medial temporal lobe of brain containing# Dentate gyrus# Hippocampus proper# Subiculum# Pre-subiculum, para-subiculum# Entorhinal cortex.* Amygadala primary r... | |
Which is the commonest childhood tumor –: (A) ALL, (B) CLL, (C) AML, (D) CML | Answer is A. None | |
Residual volume is the volume of air in lung after-: (A) Maximal inspiration, (B) Maximal expiration, (C) Normal inspiration, (D) Normal expiration | Answer is B. Ans. is 'b' i.e., Maximal expirationo Residual volume is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration.Respiratory Volumes and Capacities for an Average Young Adult MaleMeasurementTypical valueDefinition Respiratory volumes1.Tida] volume (TV)500 mlAmount of air inhaled or exhaled in ... | |
Color of kit 3 for STD under AIDS control programme?: (A) Red, (B) Blue, (C) White, (D) Green | Answer is C. Ans. is 'c' i.e.,WhitePre-packed colour coded STI/I kits have been provided for free supply to all designated STI/I clinics :Kit 1 4 Grey, for urethral discharge, ano-rectal discharge, cervicitis.Kit 2 - Green, for vaginitisKit 3 4 White, for genital ulcersKit 4 - Blue, for genital ulcersKit 5 - Red, for g... | |
Average weight of thyroid gland where diet is rich in Iodine is -: (A) 10-12gm, (B) 14-16gm, (C) 18-20gm, (D) 28-30gm | Answer is C. None | |
All the following metabolic may cause chronic or recurrent abdominal pain, except -: (A) Acute intermittent prophyria, (B) Addison's disease, (C) Hypercaleemia, (D) Hyperkalemia | Answer is D. None | |
What is cognizable offence ?: (A) Offence that can be forgiven, (B) Offence in which person can be arrested but with a warrant, (C) Offence in which a person can be arrested even without a warrant, (D) Offence in which bail cannot be granted | Answer is C. Cognizable offence
Offence in which a police officer can arrest a person without warrant. | |
The lung pathology occurring in persons working in cotton- wool industries is: (A) Asthma like features, (B) Hypersensitivity pnemonitis, (C) Lung Ca, (D) Chronic bronchitis | Answer is A. Ans. (a) Asthma like features(Ref: Robbins 9th 689)In 10-25% cases, disease may be progressive, with chest tightness recurring or persisting throughout the workweek.After >10 years of exposure, workers with recurrent symptoms are more likely to have an obstructive pattern on pulmonary function testing. | |
Pendred&;s Syndrome is due to defect in:: (A) Chromosome 7p, (B) Chromosome 7q, (C) Chromosome 8p, (D) Chromosome 8q | Answer is B. Pendred&;s Syndrome: Consists of congenital sensorineural hearing loss+ goitre Due to defects in sulfate transpo protein (Chromosome 7q) to the thyroid gland and cochlea. Rafetoff Syndrome End organ resistance to T4 Ref: Schwaz 10th edition Pgno: 1534 | |
Apgar scores were 3, and 6 at 1 and 5 minutes. At 10 Apgar scores were 3, and 6 at 1 and 5 minutes. At 10 minutes child shows features of breathlessness,on CXR-mediastinal shift was there, possible causes –
a) Bilateral choanal atresiab) Pneumothoraxc) Congenital diaphragmatic herniad) Hyaline membrane disease: (A) a,... | Answer is B. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia and pneumothorax cause respiratory distress with mediastinal shift to contralateral side.
Bilateral choanal atresia and HMD cause respiratory distress, but no mediastinal shift. |
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