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Binswanger&;s disease is a form of: (A) Hypeensive retinopathy, (B) Hypeensive nephropathy, (C) Hypeensive encephalopathy, (D) Subcoical leukoencephalopathy | Answer is D. Binswanger's disease, also known as subcoical leukoencephalopathy and subcoical aeriosclerotic encephalopathy (SAE), is a form of small vessel vascular dementia caused by damage to the white brain matter. White matter atrophy can be caused by many circumstances including chronic hypeension as well as old a... | |
Crippling fluorosis occurs at what level ?: (A) 0.5-0.8 mg/litre, (B) 1.5 mg/litre, (C) 3-6 mg/litre, (D) > 10 mg/litre | Answer is D. Ans. is 'd' i.e., 10 mg/liter Crippling fluorosis This occurs at fluoride level > 10 mg/litre (PPM). Patient is crippled and bed ridden. | |
Lineage specific T Cell marker is: (A) CD 1, (B) CD 19, (C) CD 3, (D) CD 4 | Answer is C. CD 3 is considered as lineage specific for Tcells. | |
Oesophageal manometry is used in:: (A) Cancer esophagus, (B) Barrett esophagus, (C) Schatzki ring, (D) Achalasia cardia | Answer is D. Ans. (d) Achalasia CardiaRef Bailey and Love 26th edition Page 1015* Manometry is the investigation to study the physiology of the functions of esophagus.* It is the investigation of choice to detect the motility disorders like achalasia cardia, DES, nut cracker esophagus.* Barrett IOC: Endoscopic biopsy* ... | |
Syndrome associated with anosmia is:: (A) Goldenhar syndrome, (B) Kallmann syndrome, (C) Prader Willi syndrome, (D) All of the above | Answer is B. The most well-known type of congenital anosmia is Kallmann syndrome, an X-linked disorder. Caused by mutation in the KAL gene, Kallmann syndrome is characterized by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, which results when olfactory receptor neurons and neurons synthesizing gonadotropin-releasing hormone fail to m... | |
Anesthetic agent contraindicated in acute intermittent porphyria is?: (A) Halothane, (B) Isoflurane, (C) Propofol, (D) Thiopentone | Answer is D. Ans. is 'd' i.e., Thiopentone Anesthetics in porphyriaSafeUnsafe (should not be used)* Propofol* Benzodiazepines* Opioids (other than pentazocine)- morphine, codeine, pethidine, fentanyl, alfentanyl, naloxone* Lidocaine, Bupivacaine* Muscle relaxants* Neostagmine, atropine, glycopyrrolate* Aspirin, indomet... | |
Anterior scalloping of veabrae seen in -: (A) Obsteogenesis imperfecta, (B) Aoic aneurysm, (C) Metastasis, (D) Renal Cell Ca | Answer is B. Ans is option 2... Aoic aneurysm Anterior scalloping is seen in following conditions Aoic aneurysm, tuberculous spondylosis, lymphadenopathy, delayed motor development (in downs syndrome) Posterior scalloping is seen in Tumors in spinal canal (ependymoma, lipoma,, neurofibroma), neurofibromatosis, acromega... | |
Reversible dementia is seen in all EXCEPT:: (A) Wernickes encephalopathy, (B) Alzheimer's, (C) Hypothyroidism, (D) Head trauma | Answer is B. Ans. (b) Alzheimer'sRef: Harrison's 18th ed. 3300-07* Alzheimer's disease is most common cause of irreversible dementia.Reversible vs Irreversible dementiaReversibleIrreversibleVitamin deficiency# B1-Wernicke's# B12-SCID# Nicotinic acid- PellagraAlzheimer'sEndocrine (hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, ... | |
Which sign is seen due to thrombosis of mastoid emissary veins?: (A) Battle sign, (B) Gresinger sign, (C) Irwin Moore Sign, (D) Hennebe's sign | Answer is B. Ans. is'b'i.e., Gresinger sign (Ref Dhingra 5th/e p. 95) Griesinger's sign: - Edema over the posterior pa of mastoid due to thrombosis of mastoid emissary veins. | |
What is incidence of emergence delirium after ketamine anaesthesia-: (A) 5% to 30 %, (B) 30 % to 55 %, (C) 55 % to 70 %, (D) 100% | Answer is A. The observed incidence of emergence delirium after ketamine ranges from 5% to 30 %. | |
This drug has activity against many strains of P. aeruginosa. However, when it is used alone, resistance has emerged during the course of treatment. The drug should not be used in penicillin-allergic patients. Its activity against gram-negative rods is enhanced if it is given in combination with tazobactam. Which of th... | Answer is C. Antipseudomonal penicillins: Piperacillin and Ticarcillin are called antipseudomonal penicillins because of their activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Piperacillin and Ticarcillin are effective against many gram-negative bacilli But not against Klebsiella because of its constitutive penicillinase. Form... | |
TESPAL done in -: (A) Severe epistaxis, (B) Rhinophyma, (C) CA Maxillary Sinus, (D) Multiple Antrochoanal polyps | Answer is A. Ans. is'a' i.e., Severe epistaxisManagement of intractable spontaneous epistaxis.TESPAL - transnasal endoscopic sphenopalatine aery ligationIndication:Epistaxis not responding to conventional conservative management.Posterior epistaxis | |
The mean of the 25 patients' plasma volumes is 12.5 litres. Standard detion is 0.25. Calculate standard error: (A) 0.05, (B) 0.5, (C) 0.01, (D) 0.1 | Answer is A. S.E = S/[?]n S = Standard detion = 0.25 n = sample size = 25 S.E. = 0.25/[?] 25 = 0.25/5 = 0.05 | |
Best gas used for creating pneumoperitonium at laparoscopy is :: (A) N2, (B) 2, (C) CO2, (D) N20 Goniometer is used | Answer is C. CO2 CO, is the gas used to create pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopy. Other option is - N20 : But it is expensive, less soluble in blood and suppos combustion. Also know : Instrument used for creating pneumoperitoneum is veress needle. Flow Rate of CO, for creating pneumoperitoneum 200 - 2000 ml/min & pre... | |
Which of the following drug is contraindicated in a patient of myasthenia gravis: September 2008: (A) Succinylcholine, (B) Tubocurare, (C) Pyridostigmine, (D) Halothane | Answer is B. Ans. B: Tubocurare Drugs contra-indicated in myasthenia gravis Absolute contraindication: - Curare - D-penicillamine Botulinum toxin - Interferon alpha Contraindicated -- Antibiotics -- aminoglycosides (gentamycin, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, tobramycine); macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin, tel... | |
Which of the following can be blocked by atropine, a muscarinic receptor blocker?: (A) Increased blood pressure caused by nicotine, (B) Increased skeletal muscle strength caused by neostigmine, an acetycholine esterase inhibitor, (C) Bradycardia caused by infusion of acetylcholine, (D) All of these | Answer is C. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist. Muscarinic antagonists competitively inhibit the effect of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors. Bradycardia caused by infusion of acetylcholine- can be blocked by atropine | |
In an apexification procedure, any excess calcium
hydroxide periapically:: (A) Will cause necrosis in the Periapical tissues, (B) Will resorb on its own, (C) Will be removed by multinucleated giant cells, (D) Will have to be removed by apicoectomy | Answer is C. None | |
Specific cell surface proteins, such as alkaline phosphatase, and lipoprotein lipase, are anchored to the cell membrane. This anchoring is accomplished by covalent binding through an oligosaccharide bridge to component of the cell membrane. This component is: (A) Sphingomyelin, (B) Phospphatidic acid, (C) Phosphatidyls... | Answer is D. Phosphatidylinositol derivatives play several distinct roles in the cell membrane, one of which is that they anchor several cell surface proteins. Cell surface proteins bound to phosphatidylinositol are also found in several parasitic protozoa. By altering these proteins, these protozoa can change their a... | |
The most common cause of Left Ventricular Hyperophy is:: (A) Hypeension, (B) Aoic Stenosis, (C) Aoic Regurgitation, (D) HOCM | Answer is A. Answer is A (Hypeension) The most common cause of Left Ventricular Hyperophy is Systemic Hypeension Left Ventricular Hyperophy may be produced as a result of all of the above conditions but systemic hypeension remains the single most common cause. Left Ventricular Hyperophy (LVH) Pressure overload states: ... | |
Lung to lung metastasis is seen in-: (A) Adenocarcinoma of lung, (B) Squamous cell carcinoma, (C) Small cell carcinoma, (D) Neuroendocrine tumor of lung | Answer is A. Ref:Textbook of pathology (Harsh mohan) 6th edition,page no.500 Adenocarcinoma, also called peripheral carcinoma due to its location and scar carcinoma due to its association with areas of chronic scarring, is the most common bronchogenic carcinoma in women and isslow-growing.Recent estimates on adenocarci... | |
Regarding the lipid or liposomal formulation of amphotericin B which of the following statements is accurate: (A) They are expensive to use than conventional amphotericin B, (B) There are more effective in fungal infections than conventional preparations because they increase tissue uptake of amphotericin B, (C) They m... | Answer is C. Ref-KDT 6/e p758 Newer liposomal preparations of amphotericin B have the following features: Less chances of nephrotoxicity and infusion related reactions Lesser uptake in the tissues like kidney More expensive Similar in efficacy and antifungal spectrum as conventional preparations | |
Which of the following is IL-2 receptor inhibitor :: (A) Basiliximab, (B) Daclizumab, (C) Both 1 & 2, (D) None of the above | Answer is C. Both Basiliximab & Daclizumab are monoclonal antibodies against IL-2 receptor. | |
Which vaccine is recommended in disasters -: (A) Typhoid, (B) Cholera, (C) BCG, (D) Diphtheria | Answer is D. Ans. is 'd' i.e., DiphtheriaVaccines recommended in disasters -* Following vaccines are recommended1) Children < 10years:- DPT, inactivated polio (IPV), H.influenzae type b (Hib), hepatitis B, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), varicella vaccine, influenza, hepatitis A and r... | |
Glomus cells are found in: (A) Bladder, (B) Brain, (C) Chemoreceptors, (D) Kidney | Answer is C. The glomus cells (type I) are specialized glandular-like cells, mainly located in the carotid bodies and aoic bodies, that control the respiratory activity.The glomus cells have a high metabolic rate and good blood perfusion and synapses directly or indirectly with nerve endings. Thus are sensitive to chan... | |
Which of the following is not produced by hepatocytes:September 2006, September 2012: (A) Gamma globulin, (B) Albumin, (C) Fibrinogen, (D) Prothrombin | Answer is A. Ans. A: Gamma globulinThe hepatocyte manufactures serum albumin, fibrinogen, and the prothrombin group of clotting factors (except for Factor 3,4)It is the main site for the synthesis of lipoproteins, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, complement, and glycoproteinsThe liver forms fatty acids from carbohydrates an... | |
Potential complications stemming from dentigerous cyst are: (A) Ameloblastoma, (B) Epidermoid carcinoma, (C) Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, (D) All of the above | Answer is D. None | |
The commonest presentation of meckel's diveiculum is -: (A) Bleeding, (B) Obstruction, (C) Diveiculitis, (D) Intussception | Answer is A. Ans. is 'a' i.e., Bleeding | |
Which of the following immunoglobulin is absent in Ataxia telangiectasia:: (A) IgG, (B) IgM, (C) IgA, (D) IgD | Answer is C. Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) Present in the first decade of life with progressive telangiectatic lesions associated with deficits in cerebellar function and nystagmus. There is a high incidence of recurrent pulmonary infections (bronchiectasisQ) and neoplasms of the lymphatic and reticuloendothelial system. ... | |
A patient complaining of difficulty of swallowing of solid
foods is suffering from all of the following except:: (A) diffuse esophagus spasm, (B) Achalasia cardia, (C) esophageal carcinoma, (D) bulbar palsy | Answer is D. None | |
An adult with newly diagnosed tuberculosis is most likely to have which of the following types of lesions?: (A) A single lesion in a lung apex, (B) A single lesion in the gastrointestinal tract, (C) A single lesion subjacent to the pleura, (D) Both a lesion subjacent to the pleura in the lower pa of an upper lobe and a... | Answer is A. This is something of a trick question, but it stresses an impoant fact many medical students do not realize. Primary tuberculosis infection characteristically involves the lung subjacent to the pleura in either the lower pa of the upper lobe or the upper pa of a lower lobe of one lung. The mediastinal node... | |
Essential for tumour metastasis is ?: (A) Angiogenesis, (B) Tumorogenesis, (C) Apoptosis, (D) Inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity | Answer is A. Angiogenesis Tumour angiogenesis plays a very significant role in the metastasis since the new vessel formed as a pa of growing tumour are more vulnerable to invasion because these evolving cells are in direct contact with cancer cells. According to Harrison "Cancer research studying the conditions necessa... | |
Todd's palsy can occur after episode of: (A) Generalised tonic clonic seizures, (B) Paial motor seizures, (C) Atonic seizures, (D) Myoclonic seizures | Answer is B. Todd's paralysis, or Todd's palsy. Specialty. Neurology. Todd's paresis (or postictal paresis/paralysis, "after seizure") is focal weakness in a pa or all of the body after a seizure. This weakness typically affects appendages and is localized to either the left or right side of the body. Ref Harrison20th ... | |
Pheochromocytoma may be associated with:: (A) Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, (B) Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, (C) Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid, (D) Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid | Answer is A. Ans. A. Medullary carcinoma of the thyroidMEN 2a: Sipple syndromeMEN 2ba. Thyroid; Medullary thyroid carcinomaa. Thyroid: Medullary thyroid carcinomab. Pheochromocytomab. Pheochromocytomac. Parathyroid hyperplasiac. Mucosal neuromas and Marfanoid appearance | |
A patient with alkaline urine which is cloudy with plenty of pus cells is suffering from:: (A) E. coli, (B) Proteus, (C) TB, (D) None | Answer is B. Ans: b (Proteus)Ref: Bailey & Love, 24th ed, p. 1324 & 23rd ed, p. 1191Proteus and Staphylococcus split urea, forming ammonia which makes the urine alkaline and promotes formation of calculi. | |
In a population of 10,000, literate people are 4000. In same population 2000 are 0-6 years old. What is the literacy rate of that population -: (A) 30%, (B) 40%, (C) 50%, (D) 60% | Answer is C. Ans. is 'c' i.e., 50% * The term literacy rate is used for the population relating to seven years age & above.* In the given question, population 7 years 8c above is 8000. Out of which 4000 are literate thus literacy rate is 50%. | |
Which of the following is not true about apoptosis?: (A) Presence of inflammation, (B) Bleb formation, (C) Eosinophillia, (D) Cell shrinkage | Answer is A. Ans. is 'a' i.e., Presence of inflammation o The two most striking features of apoptosis are:i) In contrast to necrosis it does not elicit inflammationii) Considerable apoptosis may occur in tissues before it becomes apparent in histological section (because it occurs very rapidly).Morophological changes i... | |
All of the following are causes of acalculous cholecystitis except: (A) Bile duct stricture, (B) Schitosoma, (C) Prolonged TPN, (D) Major operations | Answer is B. Causes of Acalculous cholecystitis Common causes Elderly and critically ill patients after trauma Burns Longterm TPN Major operations(Abdominal aneurysm repair and cardiopulmonary bypass) Diabetes mellitus Uncommon causes Vasculitis Obstructing GB adenocarcinoma GB torsion Parasitic infestation Unusual bac... | |
Biotin deficiency is due to: (A) Avidin, (B) Flavoproteins, (C) Metallo flavoproteins, (D) Oxireductase | Answer is A. (Avidine) (146 - U.S 3rd) (178- R.S. 7th)Biotin deficiency (anti egg, white injury factor, vitamin B7 or vitamin - H) is a sulfur containing B complex. It is directly participates as coenzyme in the carboxylation reactions* High consumption of raw egg. The raw egg white contains a glycoprotein - avidin. Wh... | |
Which one of the following virus is double stranded RNA virus?: (A) Hepatitis -A, (B) Hepatitis-E, (C) Reo virus, (D) Corona virus | Answer is C. All RNA viruses are single stranded except Reo virus. | |
Urine sample examinations is a useful investigation in infestation of: (A) S. haematobium, (B) S. japonicum, (C) S. mansoni, (D) E.vermicularis | Answer is A. Ans. a (S. hematobium) (Ref. H - 18th/ ch. 219)SCHISTOSOMIASIS (BILHARZIA)Distribution and important species of Schistosoma are:# S. japonica is found in Central and Eastern China, and the Philippines and nearby islands; and primarily affects the liver and intestines.# 5. mansoni is found in Africa, the Ea... | |
Genus neisseria is -: (A) Gram positive diplococci, (B) Gram negative diplococci, (C) Gram negative coccobacilli, (D) Gram positive bacilli | Answer is B. Ans. is 'b' i.e., Gram negative diplococci o The genus Neisseria consists of Gram negative aerobic nonsporulating, non motile oxidase positive cocci typically arranged in pairs (diplococci).o Two important pathogens are -N. meningitidisN. gonorrhoeae | |
L-Dopa is combined with carbidopa in the treatment of parkinsonism to -: (A) Decrease the efficacy of levodopa, (B) Decrease the efficacy of levodopa, (C) Increase the dose of levodopa required, (D) Inhibit conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the CNS | Answer is B. Ans. is 'b' i.e., Inhibit peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa Carbidopa is combined with levodopa to inhibit peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa and make more levodopa available to cross the blood brain barrier to reach its site of action. | |
Acrodermatitis entropathica is: (A) AD, (B) AR, (C) X-linked recessive, (D) None | Answer is B. Acrodermatitis enteropathica is an autosomal recessive disorder postulated to occur as a result of mutations in the SLC39A4 gene located on band 8q24.3. The SLC39A4 gene encodes a transmembrane protein that is pa of the zinc/iron-regulated transpoer-like protein (ZIP) family required for zinc uptake. This ... | |
Which of the following is used in beta–blocker overdose ?: (A) Atropine, (B) Glucagon, (C) Calcium chloride, (D) All of these | Answer is D. None | |
Commonest cause of hea failure in infancy is ________: (A) Myocarditis, (B) Rheumatic fever, (C) Cardiomyopathy, (D) Congenital hea disease | Answer is D. Most common cause of congestive cardiac failure in infants is congenital hea disease. Ref : Ghai essential of pediatrics, eighth edition ,p.no:397 | |
Which of the following tests are used in the evaluation of a suspected CSF leak?: (A) Beta 2 microglobulin, (B) Beta 2 transferrin, (C) Tyroglobulin, (D) Transthyretin | Answer is B. Detection of beta-2 transferrin is considered pa of standard evaluation when CSF leak is suspected. Nasal and ear fluids are tested for detection of the beta-2 transferrin band by immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) or Western blot analysis as a diagnostic tool for the presence of CSF or perilymph. This t... | |
Which of the following decreases in length during the contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber?: (A) A band of the sarcomere, (B) I band of the sarcomere, (C) Thick filaments, (D) Thin filaments | Answer is B. The physical lengths of the actin and myosin filaments do not change during contraction. Therefore, the A band, which is composed of myosin filaments, does not change either. The distance between Z disks decreases, but the Z disks themselves do not change. Only the I band decreases in length as the muscle ... | |
Criteria for diagnosing SIRS all seen except:: (A) Temp > 38.5 degC or < 36 degC, (B) RR > SD above normal for age, (C) Children <1 year old persistent bradycardia over 0.5 hour, (D) >50% immature neutrophils | Answer is D. D i.e. >50% immature neutrophilsRef: Nelson, Textbook of Pediatrics, 20th edition, page 522Explanation:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)It's an inflammatory cascade that is initiated by the host in response to infection, occurs when the host defense system does not adequately recognize or clea... | |
According to myogenic theory of renal autoregulation, the afferent aerioles contract in response to stretch induced by: (A) NO, (B) Noradrenalin, (C) Opening of Ca2+ channels, (D) Adenosine release | Answer is C. Myogenic autoregulation - through opening of Calcium channels Tubuloglomerular feedback - through release of adenosine Ref: Ganong 25th ed/page 678 | |
Maxillary aery is: (A) Branch of facial aery, (B) Branch of internal carotid aery, (C) Branch of common carotid, (D) Terminal branch of external carotid | Answer is D. Branches of external carotid aery Anterior Superior thyroid Lingual Facial Posterior Occipital Posterior auricular Medial Ascending pharyngeal Terminal Maxillary Superficial temporal Ref BDC volume 3 ;sixth edition pg 101 | |
Amsler sign?: (A) Fuch heterochromatic iridocyclitis, (B) Posner-schlossman syndrome, (C) Uveal-effusion syndrome, (D) None of the above | Answer is A. Ans. is `a' i.e., Fuch heterochromatic iridocyclitis During paracentesis in Fuch's heterochromic iridocyclitis, there is bleeding from neo-vasculorization.This is known as "Amsler's sign". Fuch's heterochromic iridocyclitis (Fush's uveitis syndrome) It is a form of anterior and intermediate uveitis. The co... | |
Cruel behavior towards wife by husband, family members or his relatives comes under which IPC section:: (A) 498 A, (B) 304, (C) 304 A, (D) 304 B | Answer is A. Ans. (a) 498 ARef.: The Essentials ofFSM by K.S. Narayan Reddy 31st ed. / 272-73* Cruel behavior towards wife by husband or his relatives punished by IPC 498 A.* IPC section 498 A states that whosoever being husband or relative subject women to cruelty shall be punished with imprisonment of upto 3 years wi... | |
All are true about scrub typhus, except :: (A) Causative organism is O. Tsutsugamoshi, (B) Vector is trombiculide mite, (C) Adult female feeds on vertebrate hosts, (D) Tetracycline is the drug of choice | Answer is C. “Mite feeds on serum of warm blood animals only during there larval stage (chiggers) and adult mites feed only on plants”
Scrub typhus :
Caused by O. tsutsugamushi
Transmitted by trombiculid mite which also shows transovarian spread
Clinical features :
Fever, headache, myalgia, cough and GI symptoms.
Class... | |
Which of the following amino acid is active at neutral pH?: (A) Histidine, (B) Glycine, (C) Leucine, (D) Arginine | Answer is A. Ans. aRef.: Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 30th edn.Option aTrueYes, due to its pyrolidone ring is stable at neutral pH (pH 7)Option bFalseNo, glycine is simplest amino acid and not affected by pHOption cFalseNo, it is steric hinderance is there due to branched chain amino acidOption dFalseNo, false, i... | |
Which of the following is a content of bicipital groove?: (A) Synol membrane of shoulder joint, (B) Ascending branch of anterior circumflex aery, (C) Ascending branch of posterior circumflex aery, (D) Radial aery | Answer is B. Bicipital groove of inteubercular sulcus of humerus: The groove lies between greater and lesser tuberosities of humerus. Bilaminar tendon of the pectoralis major is inseed into the lateral lip of the groove. Teres major is inseed into the medial lip of the groove. Tendon of the latissimus dorsi is inseed i... | |
Which of the following statements is true regarding the pituitary gland -a) It is separated from the optic chiasma by the sella turcicab) It is situated deep in the sellac) The sphenoidal air cells lie inferior to itd) It develops from the base of the 3rd ventricle form the pars anteriore) It is supplied by a branch of... | Answer is C. Pituitary is situated into sella turcica.
Optic chiasma is superior to pituitary.
Sphenoidal air sinuses are inferior to pituitary.
Pituitary is supplied by a single inferior hypophyseal artery and several superior hypophyseal arteries. These hypophyseal arteries are branches of internal carotid artery.
Ev... | |
All of the following are Glycoproteinoses, EXCEPT: (A) Fucosidosis, (B) Sanfilippo A syndrome, (C) Sialidosis, (D) a-mannosidosis | Answer is B. Ans: b) Sanfilippo A syndrome Sanfilippo A syndrome is a mucopolysaccharidosis, not Glycoproteinoses. Lysosomal hydrolases like a-neuraminidase, b-galactosidase, b-hexosaminidase are involved in the degradation of oligosaccharide chains during glycoprotein turnover. Enzyme defects lead to abnormal degradat... | |
What is the total osmolarity of low osmolarity ORS?: (A) 311 mmol/ litre, (B) 300 mmol/ litre, (C) 245 mmol/ litre, (D) 250 mmol/ litre | Answer is C. Composition of reduced osmolarity ORS: Components Amount in mmol/ litre Sodium 75 Chloride 65 Glucose, anhydrous 75 Potassium 20 Citrate 10 Total osmolarity 245 Ref: Park 21st edition, page 202. | |
Chronic hemodialysis in ESRD patient is done: (A) Once per week, (B) Twice per week, (C) Thrice per week, (D) Daily | Answer is C. Ans. (c) Thrice per weekRef : Harrison 19th ed. /1823For the majority of patients with ESRD, between 9 and 12 h of dialysis are required each week, usually divided into three equal sessions.Current Targets of Hemodialysis* Urea reduction ratio (the fractional reduction in blood urea nitrogen per hemodialys... | |
The action of styloglossus muscle is: (A) Protrusion of tongue, (B) Posteriorly retracts the tongue, (C) Depression of tongue, (D) Elevation of tongue | Answer is B. None | |
Sideroblastic anemia is caused by all except -: (A) Collegen vascular disease, (B) Iron deficit, (C) Lead poisoning, (D) Cutaneous porphyria | Answer is B. This is a refractory anaemia defined by the presence of many pathological ring sideroblasts in the bone marrow.These are abnormal erythroblasts containing numerous iron granules arranged in a ring or collar around the nucleus.Sideroblastic anaemia is diagnosed when 15% or more of marrow erythroblasts are r... | |
Which one of the following form Blood Brain Barrier?: (A) Astrocytes and endothelial cells, (B) Choroidal cells, (C) Oligodendrocytes, (D) Endothelial cells exclusively | Answer is A. (A) Astrocytes and endothelial cells # "Blood Brain Barrier" (BBB) results from the selectivity of the tight junctions between endothelial cells in CNS vessels that restricts the passage of solutes.> At the interface between blood and the brain, endothelial cells are stitched together by these tight juncti... | |
Primary prevention includes all, except:: (A) Marriage counselling, (B) Health education, (C) Self breast examination, (D) Health promotion | Answer is C. Pap smear and self breast examination are screening methods Ref: Park, 20th Edition, Page 39 | |
Subdural empyema is a complication of all the following conditions except?: (A) Frontal Sinusitis, (B) Skull vault osteomyelitis, (C) Middle ear disease, (D) Boil over face | Answer is D. d. Boil over face(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2936-2948, Ghai 8/e p 563-565)Infections of the sinuses, ear and skull bones can lead to Subdural empyema. | |
The complication of diabetes which cannot be prevented by strict control of blood sugar is -: (A) Amyotrophy, (B) Nerve conductivity, (C) Macular edema, (D) Microalbuminuria | Answer is C. Ans. is 'c' i.e., Macular edema o The DCCT demonstrated that improvement of glvcemia controly Reduced nonproliferative and proliferative retinopathy (47% reduction).y Microalbuminuria (39% reduction).y Clinical nephropathy (54% reduction).y Neuropathy (60% reduction).y Improved glycemic control also slowed... | |
In cancer colon investigation of choice is:: (A) CT scan, (B) Barium enema, (C) Colonoscopy, (D) X-ray | Answer is C. Ans. (c) ColonoscopyRef: Bailey and Love 27th edition, Page 1262* Investigation of choice for cancer colon is colonoscopy as we can take biopsy and confirm the lesion.* Risk of perforation is 1:1000.* Helps to detect synchronous lesions also. | |
Which is the only amino acid with good buffering capacity at physiological pH?: (A) Arginine, (B) Glutamic acid, (C) Histidine, (D) Valine | Answer is C. Histidine plays a key role in making hemoglobin an excellent buffer in red blood cells. | |
Normal expiratory reserve volume of adult?: (A) 500 ml, (B) 3000 ml, (C) 1200 ml, (D) 4500 ml | Answer is C. Ans. is 'c' i.e., 1200 ml(Ref: Ganong 24n/e p.629)Inspiratory reserve volume - 3000 mlExpiratory reserve voulume -1200 ml | |
Fixation at which psychosexual stage results in development of OCD-: (A) Oral, (B) Anal, (C) Phallic, (D) Genital | Answer is B. Phase Age Organ of Gratification Psychiatric disorders linked to fixation 1 Oral Phase Bih to 1 1/2 years Oral region 2 Phases: Oral erotic phase (sucking) Oral sadistic phase (biting) Schizophrenia Dependent personality disorder Alcohol dependence syndrome 2 Anal Phase 1 1/2 to 3 years Anal and perianal a... | |
Recurrent laryngeal nerve is in close association with:: (A) Superior thyroid artery, (B) Inferior thyroid artery, (C) Middle thyroid vein, (D) Superior thyroid vein | Answer is B. Ans. is 'b' i.e. Inferior thyroid arteryRef: B.D. C 2nd/e Vol III page 137 & 138, Repeat Inferior thyroid artery is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk. During its course it passes behind the carotid sheath and the middle cervical sympathetic ganglion and its terminal part is related to the recurrent laryn... | |
All the following are characteristic feature of Cluster headache except:: (A) Periodic pain, (B) Conjunctival injection, (C) Bilateral photophobia, (D) No response to oral sumatriptan | Answer is C. Ans: C (Bilateral photophobia) Ref: Hcirrisotis principles of Internal Medicine. 18th edition. 2012. Chapter 14. Pg.112Explanation:CLUSTER HEADACHEThe pain is deep, usually retroorbital, excruciating in intensity, nonfluctuating, and explosive in quality.A core feature of cluster headache is Periodicity. A... | |
Drugs which cause hirsutism are all except: (A) Methyldopa, (B) Penicillamine, (C) Phenothiazines, (D) Metoclopramide | Answer is B. Penicillamine causes Hypertrichosis, not Hirsutism. | |
In a child, the anaesthetic of choice is –: (A) Enflurane, (B) Isoflurane, (C) Sevoflurane, (D) Halothane | Answer is C. None | |
Delayed tuberculin test response is due to: September 2004: (A) B lymphocytes, (B) T lymphocytes, (C) Monocytes, (D) Histiocytes | Answer is B. Ans. B i.e. T lymphocytes | |
A 70-year-old man with a history of diabetes presents with severe pain in his right ear. The patient was diagnosed with external otitis. Further tests suggested that the patient suffered bone and nerve damage. Clinical laboratory analysis showed that the isolated microorganism produced a distinct blue pigment as well a... | Answer is C. External otitis or swimmer's ear is an inflammation of the outer ear and the ear canal. In the virulent form of the disease-malignant external otitis, which occurs in people with diabetes, damage to the cranial nerves and bone may occur. External otitis is caused by either bacterial or fungal pathogens. Ba... | |
Mallory weiss syndrome common in: (A) Chronic alcoholic patients, (B) Smokers, (C) Occupational benzene therapy, (D) Bladder carcinoma | Answer is A. (Chronic alcoholic patients) (236, 1746-H) (242, 1854-H17th)Mallorv-Weiss Syndrome - classic history is vomiting, retching or coughing preceding hematemesis, especially in an alcoholic patients.* Bleeding usually on the gastric side of the gastroesophageal junction, Stops spontaneously in 80-90% of the pat... | |
Propaganda is defined as -: (A) Forcing of knowledge into mind, (B) Active aquiring of knowledge, (C) Requiring knowledge after thinking, (D) Training people to use judgement before thinking | Answer is A. - propaganda is one in which knowledge is instilled in the minds of people. - prevents or discourage thinking by ready made slogans. - knowledge is spoon fed and passively received. Reference : Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no:859 <\p> | |
Which of the following ganglion is associated with lacrimation?: (A) Otic, (B) Ciliary, (C) Sphenopalatine, (D) Gasserian | Answer is C. Secretomotor fibres for lacrimal gland arise from the facial nerve at geniculate ganglion, travel in greater petrosal nerve and join the sphenopalatine ganglion as vidian nerve. After relay in the ganglion, they are distributed to lacrimal gland. | |
Best way to evaluate discrepancy in articular disc of TMJ is:: (A) Transpharyngeal projection, (B) MRI, (C) Arthrography, (D) Arthroplasty | Answer is B. Soft tissues of the joint (articular disk) can be imagined with MRI or Arthrography. MRI produces superb images of the soft tissues in internal derangement of the disk. Arthrography is invasive and has the risk of infection and allergic reaction due to the contrast agent. | |
A 40-year-old male comes with complaint of indigestion and decreased appetite. He has a history of being treated for duodenal ulcer 4 years back. Investigation reveals elevation of gastrin levels. Which of the following statement is true regarding gastrin?: (A) Secreted by parietal cells of stomach, (B) Secreted by alp... | Answer is D. Ans: D (It gets stimulated by endolumina I peptides in stomach) Ref: Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology. 21st ed and Khurana Textbook of Medical Physiology By Khurana, pg: 605Explanation:GASTRINGastrin is secreted into the blood circulation and NOT into gastric juice.It reaches stomach through the arter... | |
Newer Influenza vaccine-: (A) Split - virus vaccine, (B) Conjugate vaccine, (C) Live attennuated vaccine, (D) Killed vaccine | Answer is A. <p> Newer vaccines for influenza are Split virus vaccine Neuraminidase specific vaccine Recombinant vaccine. Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,23rd edition,page no:155. <\p> | |
Treatment of choice for chloroquine resistant malaria is :: (A) Mefloquine, (B) Sulfadoxine + Pyrimethamine, (C) Primaquine + Chloroquine, (D) Chloroquine + Pyrimethamine | Answer is B. Ans. is 'b'. Sulfadoxine + Pyrimethamine * Under the recent 'National anti-Malaria Programme.' the drug policy for malaria treatment is as follows-Any fever in endemic areas during transmission season without any other obvious cause may be considered as malaria and investigated/treated accordingly.Drug res... | |
Which of the following hypnotic drugs facilitates the inhibitory actions of GABA but lacks anticonvulsant or muscle relaxing properties and has minimal effect on sleep architecture: (A) Buspirone, (B) Diazepam, (C) Phenobarbital, (D) Zaleplon | Answer is D. Zolpidem, zaleplon and zopiclone are agonists at BZD receptors.
These are hypnotic drugs that lack muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant actions.
These have negligible effect on REM sleep and do not affect sleep architecture. | |
All of the following statement regarding ewings sarcoma are true except?: (A) Common location is diaphysis of long bones, (B) Symptoms resemble osteomyelitic, (C) Translocation +(11,22) is classical, (D) Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes. | Answer is D. In ewings sarcoma, Homer-Wright pseudo rosettes are seen.
Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes are seen in retinoblastoma. | |
Which of the following condition is not true about Hemochromatosis?: (A) Hypogonadism, (B) Ahropathy, (C) Diabetes mellitus, (D) Desferrioxamine is treatment of choice | Answer is D. Phlebotomy is the treatment of choice of hemochromatosis. Chelating agent desferrioxamine is indicated when anemia or hypoproteinemia is severe enough to preclude phlebotomy. Hemochromatosis is a common inherited disorder of iron metabolism in which dysregulation of intestinal iron absorption results in de... | |
Blood component products are all except?: (A) Whole blood, (B) Platelets, (C) Lymphoma, (D) None | Answer is D. Ans. is None | |
Which of the following is the best denture patient: (A) skeptical, (B) philosophical, (C) critical, (D) indifferent | Answer is B. None | |
A patient requires tooth extractions from an area that has been subjected to radiation therapy. Which of the following represents the greatest danger to this patient:: (A) Alveolar osteitis, (B) Osteoradionecrosis, (C) Prolonged healing, (D) Fracture of the mandible | Answer is B. None | |
Which of the following drugs require therapeutic drug monitoring?: (A) Metformin, (B) Propranolol, (C) Warfarin, (D) Phenytoin | Answer is D. * Therapeutic drug monitoring is adjustment of dose of the drug according to its plasma concentration. It is required for A Aminoglycosides (e.g. gentamicin) Drug Digitalis Possessing Phenytoin (anti-epileptics) Low Lithium Therapeutic Tricyclic antidepressants Index Immunomodulators (e.g. cyclosporine) | |
Black line in the gingiva that follows the contour of the margin is due to:: (A) Bismuth, (B) Arsenic, (C) Mercury, (D) All of the above | Answer is D. Black line in the gingiva that follow the contour of the margin is due to Bismuth, Arsenic and Mercury. | |
Which of the following Immunoglobulin acts as a receptor for antigens: (A) IgG, (B) IgM, (C) IgD, (D) IgE | Answer is C. Major Functions of ImmunoglobulinsImmunoglobulinMajor FunctionsIgGMain antibody in the secondary response. Opsonizes bacteria, making them easier to phagocytose. Fixes complement, whichenhances bacterial killing. Neutralizes bacterial toxins and viruses. Crosses the placenta.IgASecretory IgA prevents attac... | |
By which nerve is the hip joint supplied ?: (A) Deep peroneal, (B) Femoral, (C) Sciatic, (D) Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh | Answer is B. Nerve supply of hip joint
- Femoral nerve- by nerve to rectus femoris
- Obturator nerve- by anterior division
- Nerve to quadratus femoris
- Superior gluteal nerve | |
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding vincristine?: (A) It is an alkaloid, (B) Its use is associated with neurotoxicity, (C) It does not cause alopecia, (D) It is a useful drug for induction of remission in acute lymphoblastic leukemia | Answer is C. Ans. (C) It does not cause alopecia(Ref: KDT 8th/e p924)Vincristine is a vinca alkaloid.It is used for the induction of remission in ALL.It is a marrow sparing drug but causes peripheral neuropathy, alopecia and SIADH as adverse effects. | |
Maturation failure in poor absorption of the vitamin B12 causes:: (A) Microcytic hypochromic, (B) Sickle cell anemia, (C) Occurs in 3-4 months after the absorption, (D) Causes polycythaemia | Answer is C. (Occurs in 3-4 months after absorption): Ref: 682-R (438- Basic pathology 8th)Vitamin B12 deficiency* Macrocytic megalablastic anaemia is the cardinal features* Usually pernicious (Addisonian) anaemiaDiagnostic features include:1. A moderate to severe megaloblastic anaemia2. Leukopenia with hypersegmented ... | |
Rivastigmine is given in:: (A) Depression, (B) Alzheimer's disease, (C) Schizophrenia, (D) OCD | Answer is B. (Ref: Katzung, 10th ed. Ch 7)* Rivastigmine is a parasympathomimetic drug used for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type and dementia due to Parkinson's disease* DOC for Alzheimer's disorder-Donepezil* DOC for OCD: Fluoxetine* DOC for parkinsonism: Levodpa + Carbidopa* DOC for ... | |
IOC for neonatal hypertrophic pyloric stenosis:: (A) X Ray, (B) CT scan, (C) MRI, (D) Ultrasound | Answer is D. Ans. (d) UltrasoundRef: SRB Manual of Surgery 4th ed. 1877* Ultrasound abdomen is the investigation of choice for diagnosing hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.* It is reliable, highly sensitive, highly specific, and easily performed.* The mandatory measurements include pyloric muscle thickness and pyloric chan... | |
Drugs causing hypokalemia are : a) Amphotericin B b) Insulin c) Cyclosporine d) Carbenoxolone e) NSAIDs: (A) ace, (B) ac, (C) abd, (D) acd | Answer is C. None | |
A 42 yearold female has palpable purpura with rash over buttocks, pain in abdomen, and ahropathy diagnosis is -: (A) Sweet syndrome, (B) HSP, (C) Purpura fulminans, (D) Meningococcernia | Answer is B. HSP a small vessel vasculitis is commonly seen in young males characterized by palpable purpura of dependent areas. It is associated with ahritis, gut vasculitis and glomerulonephritis. Page 309. Reference IADVL's concise textbook of dermatology | |
All are seen in blunt injury of the eye except:: (A) Hyphema, (B) Iridocyclitis, (C) Double perforation, (D) Retinal detachment | Answer is C. Ans. Double perforation | |
Features of neurogenic shock are -: (A) | Peripheral resistance | cardiac output, (B) |Venous return | cardiac output, (C) |Peripheral resistence | cardiac output, (D) Venoconstriction | cardiac output | Answer is C. NEUROGENIC SHOCK -,* Interruption of sympathetic vasomotor input after a high cervical spinal cord injury, *inadveent cephalad migration of spinal anesthesia, or * devastating head injury may result in neurogenic shock. In addition to aeriolar dilation, venodilation causes pooling in the venous system, whi... |
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