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Which of the following describes the reflex increase in hea rate with on atrial distension?: (A) J reflex, (B) Bainbridge reflex, (C) Cushing reflex, (D) Bezold Jarisch reflex | Answer is B. Bainbridge reflex: When the hea rate is slow, intravenous infusions of blood or electrolyte solutions usually accelerate the hea. Both atria have receptors that are affected by changes in blood volume and that influence the hea rate. These receptors are located principally in the venoatrial junctions: in t... | |
FLT3-TKD gene is located at?: (A) 13q12, (B) 11q23, (C) 11p13, (D) 4q24 | Answer is A. FLT3-TKD- present in approx. 30% of cases of AML. It is located on long arm of Chromosome 13. AML: Good prognosis t (15;17) t (8;21) inv 16 Poor prognosis t (6;9) inv 3 7 deletion | |
Using neem stick is an example of: (A) Appropriate Technology, (B) Equitable Distribution, (C) Community Participation, (D) Inter-Sectoral Coordination | Answer is A. None | |
Recovery in cataract surgery is fastest with which of the following -: (A) ICCE, (B) ECCE, (C) Phacoemulsification, (D) ECCE with ICI | Answer is C. smaller incision nd post operative astigmatism. REF:khurana,pg 199 | |
Intra-epithelial split is seen in :: (A) Epidermolysis bullosa., (B) Bullous pemphigoid., (C) Pemphigus vulgaris., (D) All of the above. | Answer is C. None | |
Haemophilia is a genetic disorder of coagulation seen only in males. It is transmitted as: (A) X-linked dormant, (B) Y-linked dormant, (C) X-linked recessive, (D) Autosomal recessive | Answer is C. Mendelian diseases and their inheritance: | |
All of the following neurotransmitters are suspected of being involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia except -a) Prostaglandins E b) Norepinephrinec) Ascorbic acidd) 5-HT: (A) a, (B) ac, (C) ad, (D) b | Answer is B. None | |
Which of the following amino acid contains free sulphydryl group: (A) Cysteine, (B) Methionine, (C) Serine, (D) Glycine | Answer is A. Ans. is 'a' i.e.,Cysteine There are two sulfur containing amino acids :?CysteineMethionineThe side chain of cysteine contains sulfhydryl group that has a pKa of approximately 8.4 for dissociation of its hydrogen sulfhydryl groups of two cystein molecules can form covalent disulfide bond to form cystine.Met... | |
Drug not contraindicated in a pregnant lady for Hypeension: March 2009: (A) Sodium nitroprusside, (B) Hydralazine, (C) ACE inhibitors, (D) Indapamide | Answer is B. Ans. B: Hydralazine Intravenous form of hydralazine is useful when treating severe hypeension due to preeclampsia/eclampsia. It has got a long record of safe use during pregnancy, but troublesome adverse effects occur. It decreases systemic resistance through direct vasodilation of aerioles. | |
Glucose is transpoed in the presence Na+ ions in intestine. This is a type of: (A) Secondary Active transpo, (B) Primary active transpo, (C) Facilitated diffusion, (D) Simple diffusion | Answer is A. The active transpo of Na+ into the ECF by Na+-K+ pump is coupled to the transpo of other substances across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient. The energy for the transpo is not directly derived from ATP hydrolysis. Na+ Cotranspo of glucose is an example(Ref: Diseases. Textbook of medica... | |
On routine examination, it is discovered that a 35-year-old woman had been exposed in-utero to Diethylstilbestrol (DES) administered to her mother, who had had a history of recurrent spontaneous aboion. This history suggests that the patient might be at increased risk of which of the following?: (A) Adenomyosis, (B) Cl... | Answer is B. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is the risk factor for clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix in young women with a history of in utero exposure to DES while their mothers were pregnant. | |
The Schilling test is performed to determine the cause of -: (A) Lactose malabsorption, (B) Fatty acid malabsorption, (C) Amino acid malabsorption, (D) Cobalamin malabsorption | Answer is D. None | |
Childhood osteopetrosis is characterized by – a) B/L frontal bossingb) Multiple # (fracture)c) Hepatosplenomegalyd) Cataracte) Mental retardation: (A) bc, (B) c, (C) ac, (D) ad | Answer is A. Osteopetrosis
Osteopetrosis is an autosomal recessive heredofamilial disorder in which partly calcified cartilaginous intercellular ground substance is not regularly reabsorbed & replaced by regular osteoid tissue & bone.
Manifested by :
Increased bone density masking the distinction between cortex & med... | |
Refractive index of cornea is: (A) 1.37, (B) 1.33, (C) 1.42, (D) 1.45 | Answer is A. Corneal refractive index is 1.376 | |
First change in a dead body is:: (A) Mummification, (B) Greenish discolouration of RIF, (C) Putrefaction, (D) Maggot formation | Answer is B. Greenish discolouration of RIF | |
Supports of uterus are all except: (A) Uterosacral ligaments, (B) Mackenrodt's ligament, (C) Broad ligament, (D) Levatorani | Answer is C. Ans. C. Broad ligamentCLASSIFICATIONPrimary supportsa. Muscular or activei. Pelvic diaphragmii. Perineal bodyiii. Urogenital diaphragmb. Fibromuscular or mechanicali. Uterine axisii. Pub cervical ligamentiii. Transverse cervical ligamentiv. Uterosacral ligamentv. Round ligament of uterusSecondary supportsi... | |
Most common site of primary spinal tumor: (A) Intramedullary; Extradural, (B) Intramedullary only, (C) Intradural; Extramedullary, (D) Intra axially only | Answer is C. - MC spinal tumor - Metastasis - MC primary spinal tumor - Nerve sheath tumor - MC intra - Medullary tumor - Astrocytoma - MC site of primary spinal tumor - Intra-dural; Extra medullary | |
Warfarin induced skin necrosis is seen in ?: (A) Protein C deficiency, (B) Protein S deficiency, (C) Hemophillia, (D) Antithrombin III deficiency | Answer is A. Ans. is 'a' i.e., Protein C deficiency o Warfarin - induced skin necrosis occurs in patients with undiagnosed protein C deficiency. | |
Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy used esophageal carcinoma: (A) Doxorubicin, (B) Cisplatin, (C) 5-Fu-Leucovarin, (D) Mitomycin C | Answer is B. Neoadjuvant chemotherapyNeoadjuvant chemotherapy is the administration of therapeutic agents before the main treatment.Neoadjuvant therapy aims to:Reduce the size or extent of cancer.Makes procedures easier and more likely to succeed.Reduces the consequences of a more extensive treatment.Single agent chemo... | |
A 40-year-old woman who is a known case of anxiety disorder and has prominent symptoms of frontal headache is being treated with a procedure in which the tension in the frontalis muscle is measured regularly. The readings are projected on to a computer screen, which patient can see. She is then taught to use mental tec... | Answer is B. The treatment technique described here is biofeedback. In this treatment, the patient is being given ongoing physiological information, in this case the muscle tension in the frontalis muscle. With the help of his feedback, she learns to use mental techniques to control the tension and keep her muscles in ... | |
The special stain used for treponema pallidum is: (A) Giemsa staining, (B) Gram staining, (C) Fontanna silver, (D) Ziel Neelson | Answer is C. None | |
Regarding sexual differentiation of the fetus?: (A) Gonadal development begins at 5th week of intrauterine life, (B) Y chromosome determines the differentiation of ovaries., (C) Female external genitalia development is completed by 10 weeks., (D) Male sexual differentiation occurs earlier than females | Answer is D. Goandal development begins at 5th week of intrauterine life and Male sexual differentiation occurs earlier than female."The differentiation of the gonadal ridge into the testis by 43-50 days (7-8 wks) of gestation is a rapid phenomenon that contrasts with the slower and delayed development of the ovary, wh... | |
The following agent decrease gastric motility except-: (A) Naloxone, (B) Morphine, (C) Codeine, (D) Pethidine | Answer is A. Ans. is 'a' i.e., Naloxone o Opioids decrease GI motility.o Naloxone is opioid antagonist (at all receptors), thus it will counteract the GI effect of opioids.Naloxoneo It antagonizes all action of morphine (sedation is less completely reversed),o It is the drug of choice for acute morphine poisoning.o It ... | |
Water lily appearance in chest X-ray suggestive of the following condition:: (A) Bronchiectasis, (B) Bronchopleural fistula, (C) Hydatid cyst, (D) Sequestration cyst of lung | Answer is C. Chest X-ray finding of hydatid cyst of the lung: Dense homogenous opacity Collapsed laminated membrane produces an irregular projections in a fluid level due to rupture of the cyst- 'Water-lily appearance' Crescentic cap of air, when it communicates into bronchial tree Ref: Srb's Manual of Surgery By Bhat,... | |
Which of the following is the most common cancer of thyroid: (A) Anaplastic carcinoma, (B) Follicular carcinoma, (C) Papillary carcinoma, (D) Medullary carcinoma | Answer is C. Papillary carcinoma is the most common malignancy of thyroid, accounts to 70-80% of all thyroid malignancies. It has the best prognosis of all thyroid cancers. Source : Sabiston 20th edition pg : 900 | |
Osgood schlatter disease?: (A) Tibial tuberosity, (B) Femur head, (C) Navicular, (D) Calcaneum | Answer is A. Ans. is 'a' i.e., Tibial tuberosity | |
DOC in P. jeroveci: (A) Clotrimazole, (B) Cotrimoxazole, (C) Penicillin, (D) none | Answer is B. Drug of choice for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is co-trimoxazole,with adjunctive doses of steroid if the patient has hypoxia.Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is common in immunocompromised individuals,like HIV positive patients.In P.jirovecii pneumonia,symptoms of cough and breathlessness can be prese... | |
Undue restlessness in a patient during the immediate post burn period is often a manifestitation of ?: (A) Hypoxia, (B) Hypovolemia, (C) Hyperkalemia, (D) Anxiety | Answer is D. Ans. is 'd' i.e., Anxiety | |
Type D personality has been recently found to be a risk factor for:: (A) Coronary artery disease, (B) Depression, (C) Personality disorder, (D) Schizophrenia | Answer is A. Ans. a. Coronary artery disease Type D personality has been recently found to be a risk factor for coronary' artery disease."Type A personality (behavior pattern) includes competitiveness, time urgeny, and hostility.""Type D (distressed) personality is not oniy a risk factor for development of ischemic hea... | |
All of the following genetic syndromes are associated with Acute Myeloid Leukemia, except:: (A) Down's Syndrome, (B) Klinefelter's Syndrome, (C) Patau Syndrome, (D) Turner's Syndrome | Answer is D. Of all the options given Turner's syndrome is not found to be associated with increased incidence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Down's syndrome, Klinefelter's Syndrome, Patau Syndrome are associated with AML. Ref: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine16th Edition, Page 631; Excellent Care for Cance... | |
RBC cast in the microscopic examination of the urine is an indicator of: (A) Acute glomerulonephritis, (B) Acute pyelonephritis, (C) Chronic glomerulonephritis, (D) Nephrotic syndrome | Answer is A. (A) Acute glomerulonephritis THE GLOMERULAR SYNDROMEAcute nephritic syndromeHematuria, azotemia, variable proteinuria, oliguria, edema, and hypertensionRapidly progressive glomerulonephritisAcute nephritis, proteinuria, and acute renal failureNephrotic syndrome>3.5 gm proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlip... | |
EKG finding of ventricular premature beats-: (A) Fusion beat, (B) Narrow QRS complex, (C) AV Dissociation, (D) Wide QRS complex | Answer is D. PVCs are characterized by premature and bizarrely shaped QRS complexes that are unusually long (typically >120 msec) and appear wide on the electrocardiogram (ECG). These complexes are not preceded by a P wave, and the T wave is usually large and oriented in a direction opposite the major deflection of the... | |
Cardiopulmonary manifestation of hyperthyroidism-a) Tachycardiab) Sinus bradycardiac) Cardiomegalyd) Low output cardiac failure: (A) a, (B) bc, (C) ac, (D) b | Answer is C. None | |
A patient presented with a hard swelling in this right testis. All are true statements except:: (A) Trans scrotal biopsy is needed, (B) Inguinal exploration is done, (C) High inguinal exploration should be done, (D) Scrotal USG is done | Answer is A. Ans. (a) Trans scrotal biopsy is needed* Chevassu maneuver biopsy is done inguinal.* Transcrotal biopsy will disseminate the tumor cells to Inguinal nodes | |
Which of the following is common with Streptococcus infection?: (A) Cellulitis, (B) Gangrene, (C) Pyoderma, (D) UTI | Answer is A. Ref: Microbiology by Ananthanarayan and Paniker, 8th ed. pg. 205SKIN AND SOFT TISSUE INFECTION BY STREPTOCOCCUS1. Erysipelas-diffuse infection involving the superficial lymphatics2. Impetigo-superficial infection of skin (pyoderma)3. Cellulitis-cellulitis is caused mainly by hemolytic streptococci. It spec... | |
A 40-year-old man without a significant medical history comes to the emergency room with a 3-day history of fever and shaking chills, and a 15-minute episode of rigor. He also reports a cough productive of yellow-green sputum, anorexia, and the development of right-sided pleuritic chest pain. Shortness of breath has be... | Answer is B. Because of the development of effective oral antibiotics (respiratory fluoroquinolones, extended spectrum macrolides), many patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) can be managed as an outpatient as long as compliance and close follow-up are assured. The CURB-65 score is a validated instrument for... | |
Pramlintide is ?: (A) Synthetic amylin analogue, (B) Inhibitor of DPP 4, (C) GLP 1 analogue, (D) PPAR gamma | Answer is A. Ans. is 'a' i.e., Synthetic amylin analogue NEWER ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS Exenatide Exenatide is a synthetic glucagon-like peptide - 1 (GLP-1) analogue. GLP-1 is an impoant incretin that is released from gut in response to oral glucose. But GLP-1 can not be used clinically as it is degraded rapidly by enzyme di... | |
The operation of plication of inferior lid retractors is indicated in -: (A) Senile ectropion, (B) Senile entropion, (C) Cicatricial entropion, (D) Paralytic entropion | Answer is B. Plication of inferior lid retractors is done to strengthen them. This operation is performed in severe cases of senile entropion or when recurrence occurs after other procedures. It is known as the Jones, Reeh and Wobig operation. | |
A 74-year-old woman has symptoms of shortness of breath on exertion and waking up at night. Her physical examination reveals a JVP at 8 cm, extra third heart sound, lung crackles, and pedal edema. She is started on furosemide 80 mg/day for heart failure, while further investigations are performed.For the above patient ... | Answer is B. Diuretics are a common cause of metabolic alkalosis. The disorder can occur in volume expanded patients in whom the alkalosis is unresponsive to sodium chloride loading, as in primary hyperaldosteronism or volume contraction with secondary hyperaldosteronism, as in this case. | |
who is the sceintist who got noble prize for his contribution for psychosurgery: (A) erik erikson, (B) alfred adler, (C) manfred bleuler, (D) egaz moniz | Answer is D. * Jacobson=================lobotomy in chimpanzees * Almedia lima+ egaz moniz===PF leukotomy * Subcaudate tractotmy======OCD * Limbic leukotomy=========OCD and depression * Anterior capsulotomy Anterior cingulotomy Ref. kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 1065 | |
In a patient presenting with diarrhoea due to vibrio cholera, which of the following will be present ?: (A) Abdominal pain, (B) Presence of leukocytes in stool, (C) Fever, (D) Neutrophilia | Answer is D. Ans. is 'd' i.e., Neutrophilia On laboratory evaluation there will be : Mild neutrophilic leukocytosis (neutrophilia) Elevated hematocrit Elevated BUN and creatinine Normal sodium, potassium and chloride levels. Markedly reduced bicorbonate level Elevated anion gap Acidosis (Low pH) | |
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is characterized by: (A) Bradycardia, (B) Labile hypeension, (C) Hypotonia, (D) Hypothermia | Answer is B. Features of Neuroleptic malignant syndrome Increased body temperature >38degC (>100.4degF), orConfused or altered consciousnessDiaphoresis "sweat shock"Rigid musclesAutonomic imbalanceLabile hypeension Metabolic acidosis (Refer: Kaplan and Saddock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, 10th edition, pg no: 995) | |
Treatment for clostridial myonecrosis is :: (A) Amikacin, (B) Penicillin, (C) Ampicillin, (D) Gentamicin | Answer is B. None | |
Coicosteroids suppress: September 2009: (A) GH, (B) ACTH, (C) FSH, (D) LH | Answer is B. Ans. B: ACTHFree glucocoicoids inhibit ACTH secretion, and the degree of pituitary inhibition is propoionate to the circulating glucocoicoid level. The inhibitory effect is exeed at both the pituitary and the hypothalamic levels. The inhibition is due primarily to an action on DNA, and maximal inhibition t... | |
Eicosanoids are derived from: (A) Oleoc acid, (B) Linoleic acid, (C) Linolenic acid, (D) Archidonic acid | Answer is D. EICOSANOIDSThey are 20 C compounds (Greek, eikosi = twenty), derived from arachidonic acid. Their names are:1. Prostanoids, containing1-a. Prostaglandins (PGs);1-b. Prostacyclins (PGIs);1-c. Thromboxanes (TXs)2. Leukotrienes (LTs)Ref: DM Vasudevan - Textbook of Biochemistry, 6th edition, page no: 163 | |
The end product of glycolysis under anaerobic conditions is:: (A) Lactic acid, (B) Pyruvic acid, (C) Acetoacetic acid, (D) Oxaloacetic acid | Answer is A. None | |
Kary otyping is done in which phase of cell cycle-: (A) Anaphase, (B) Metaphase, (C) Telophase, (D) S phase | Answer is B. Ans. is 'b' i.e., Metaphase o To produce a karyotype, one must obtain cells capable of growth and division as karyotyping is done by arresting mitosis in dividing cells in metaphase.o Karyotyping is the study of chromosomes and is used in cytogenetics to study the chromosomal abnormalities,o After arrestin... | |
Which one of the following lysosomal storage disorder is associated with mental retardation?: (A) Metachromatic leucodystrophy, (B) Fabry's disease, (C) Tay Sach's disease, (D) All of the above | Answer is D. (D) All of the above# Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD, or Arylsulfatase A deficiency) is a lysosomal storage disease which is commonly listed in the family of leukodystrophies. Leukodystrophies affect the growth and/or development of myelin, the fatty covering which acts as an insulator around nerve fibe... | |
Diagnosis of beta Thalassemia is established by: (A) NESTROFT Test, (B) Hb A1c estimation, (C) Hb electrophoresis, (D) Target cells in peripheral smear | Answer is C. Diagnostic test for thalassemia is Hb electrophoresis. NESTROFT Test - Naked Eye Single Tube Red Cell Osmotic Fragility Test - used for screening for Thalassemia HbA1c - Used to assess long term glycemic control in diabetics (blood sugar control over past 3 months) Target cells - A feature of thalassemia, ... | |
The best marker to diagnose thyroid related disorder is: (A) T3, (B) T4, (C) TSH, (D) Thyroglobulin | Answer is C. Answer is C (TSH) : The enhanced sensitivity and specificity of TSH assays have greatly improved laboratory assessment of thyroid function - Harrison With rare exceptions a normal TSH level excludes a primary abnormality of thyroid function.- Harrison Approach to thyroid testing: Because TSH change dramati... | |
Which of the following medications is contraindicated in the treatment of an acute attack of gout?: (A) Allopurinol, (B) Colchicines, (C) Coicosteroids, (D) Indomethacin | Answer is A. Gout is a metabolic disease process with abnormal amounts of urates in the body characterized by recurring acute ahritis. The diagnosis is verified by the presence of urate crystals in the fluid of affected joints. Treatment of an acute attack may include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, colchicines ... | |
Which is the most common joint involved in thalassemia?: (A) Hip, (B) Knee, (C) Shoulder, (D) Ankle | Answer is B. Ans. B. Knee* Most common joint involved in thalassemia is Knee joint.* Most common orthopedic symptom in thalassemia is leg pain. | |
The drug of choice to treat Chlamydia infection in pregnancy is:: (A) Tetracycline, (B) Doxycycline, (C) Erythromycin, (D) Penicillin | Answer is C. From the options listed in the question erythromycin is the drug used in the treatment of chlamydial infections in pregnancy. Erythromycin should be given for 7-10days. According to the latest recommendation Azithromycin 1gm as a single dose is the drug of choice in Chlamydia infection during pregnancy. As... | |
Malignant hypehermia is caused by: (A) Succinylcholine + halothane, (B) Propranolol, (C) Lidocaine, (D) Bupivacaine | Answer is A. Ans. is 'a' i.e., Succinylcholine + halothane | |
In indentation tonometry:: (A) Plunger indents a hard eye more than a soft eye, (B) Lower scale readings are obtained in high intraocular pressure, (C) Low scleral rigidity gives high reading of intraocular pressure, (D) All of the above | Answer is B. Ans. Lower scale readings are obtained in high intraocular pressure | |
Umbilical aery is a branch of: (A) Coeliac aery, (B) Superior mesenteric aery, (C) Anterior division of internal iliac aery, (D) Posterior division of internal iliac aery | Answer is C. Anterior division of internal iliac aeryA pa of Umbilical aery persists as superior vesical aery and remaining aery becomes obliterated forming medial umbilical ligament. | |
Which one of the following ultrasound marker is associated with greatest increased risk for Trisomy 21 in fetus: (A) Echogenic foci in heart, (B) Hyperechogenic bowel, (C) Choroid plexus cysts, (D) Nuchal edema | Answer is D. (D) Nuchal edemaINCIDENCE OF MAJOR & MINOR DEFECTS/MA Trisomy 21NormalLikelihood ratio for isolated marker* Nuchal Fold33.5%0.6%9.8* Short humerus33.4%1.5%4.1* Short femur41.4%5.2%1.6* Hydronephrosis17.6%2.6%1.0* Echogenic focus in heart28.2%4.4%1.1* Echogenic bowel13.3%0.6%3.0* Major defect21.4%0.65%5.2 | |
Proper technique of endotracheal intubation involves: March 2012: (A) Flexion of neck, (B) Flexion of the neck and extension of the atlantooccipital joint, (C) Extension of the neck, (D) Extension of the neck and flexion of the atlantooccipital joint | Answer is B. Ans: B i.e. Flexion of the neck and extension of the atlanto-occipital joint Optimal head and neck positioning while intubation is obtained by flexion of the neck and extension of the atlanto-occipital joint | |
Which animal is used to test pathogenicity in Cryptococcus neoformans?: (A) Mice, (B) Guinea pig, (C) Rabbit, (D) Monkey | Answer is A. CD1-cryptococcus D strain-infected mice were examined for survival and fungal loads in either brain or lung during the course of infection. Ref: Baveja 5th ed pg: 565 | |
A 10 year old boy complains of discoloration of upper front teeth. He was on tetracycline therapy few years ago and also gives a history of chronic productive cough. General physical examination shows increased chest diameter and clubbing of fingers. USG findings are suggestive of cystic degeneration of pancreas. Which... | Answer is D. Cystic Fibrosis
The genetically altered protein affects exocrine gland function. The defective exocrine gland function leads to microobstruction of the pancreas, which results in cystic degeneration of the pancreas and, ultimately, a digestive enzyme deficiency producing malabsorption of nutrients.The de... | |
Mifepristone is not used in:: (A) Threatened aboion, (B) Fibroid, (C) Ectopic pregnancy, (D) Molar pregnancy | Answer is A. In case of threatened aboion ,patient presents with amenorrhoea followed by painless vaginal bleeding,but may sonetimes accompained by mild abdominal cramps and backache. Treatment modalities include hormobe therapy with natural progesterone is sometimes given on an empirical basis,anti D is given ,if pati... | |
Endoscope tube is sterilized by-: (A) Glutaraldehyde, (B) Formalin, (C) Autoclaving, (D) Boiling | Answer is A. None | |
Accumulation of homogentisic acid causes which of the tissue changes?: (A) Ochronosis, (B) Tyrosinemia, (C) Albinism, (D) Tyrosinosis | Answer is A. Ochronosis is the bluish black discoloration of ceain tissues, such as the ear cailage and the ocular tissue, seen with alkaptonuria. Alkaptonuria is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by deficiency of homogentisic acid oxidase. This deficiency results in accumulation and deposition of ho... | |
Vidian nerve is-: (A) Mandibular nerve, (B) Deep petrosal nerve, (C) Nerve of pterygoid canal, (D) Lesser petrosal nerve | Answer is C. Ans. is 'c' i.e., Nerve of pterygoid canal * Greater petrosal nerve joins the deep petrosal nerve to form vidian nerve (nerve to pterygoid canal) and carries secretomotor fibres to the lacrimal gland, nasal gland, Palate gland and pharyngeal gland after relaying in pterygopalatine ganglion. | |
Longest diameter of fetal skull is?: (A) Occipito frontal, (B) Submentobregmatic, (C) Suboccipito frontal, (D) Mento vertical | Answer is D. Ans. (d) Mento verticalRef : D.C. Dutta 8th ed. / 94-97DIAMETERS OF SKULL* The antero-posterior diameters of the head which may engage are:DiametersMeasurment (In Cm)PresentationSuboccipito-bregmatic9.5 cmVertexSuboccipito-frontal10 cmVertexOccipito - frontal11.5 cmVertexMento-vertical: extend from mid-poi... | |
Ethambutol causes: (A) Retro bulbar neuritis, (B) Deafness, (C) Red urine, (D) Peripheral neuritis | Answer is A. Refer Katzung 10/e p774 KDT 6/e p 742 Ethambutol causes retobulbar neuritis It can result in red green colour blindness | |
Most common cause of mediastinitis is -: (A) Tracheal rupture, (B) Esophageal rupture, (C) Drugs, (D) Idiopathic | Answer is B. None | |
Mechanism of action of dipyridamole -: (A) Adenosine reuptake inhibition, (B) Increases PGI,, (C) Inhibits cycloxygenase, (D) None | Answer is A. Ans. is 'a' i.e., Adenosine reuptake inhibition o Dipyridamole is a powerful coronary dilator; increases total coronary flow by preventing uptake and degradation of adenosine. Remember o Dipyridamol potentiates the action of PG12. | |
Antisera are prepared from: (A) Guinea pig, (B) Rabbit, (C) Rat, (D) Horse | Answer is D. AntiseraIs a material prepared in animalsPassive immunization was achieved by the administration of antisera or antitoxins prepared from horsesAdministration of antisera give rise to serum sickness and anaphylactic shock(Refer: K. Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 24th edition, pg no:112) | |
Which of the following is secondary level of prevention: March 2005: (A) Prophylactic drug administaion, (B) Admitting disabled child in special schools, (C) Vaccination, (D) Cervical pap smear checking | Answer is D. Ans. D: Cervical pap smear checking The levels of prevention: Primordial prevention is prevention of the emergence/development of the risk factors in countries/population in which they have not yet appeared. e.g. obesity and hypeension prevention Primary prevention methods are used before the person gets t... | |
Which of the following is a rare occurrence: (A) Enamel meet cementum at a point, (B) Enamel overlaps cementum, (C) Cementum overlaps enamel, (D) Both never meet | Answer is B. None | |
Perfusion pressure is: (A) Arterial pressure, (B) Venous pressure, (C) Arterial–venous pressure difference, (D) Pressure in left ventricle | Answer is C. Perfusion pressure is arterial pressure minus venous pressure. | |
A study comparing the behavioral and developmental changes in a normal brain with a damaged brain is:: (A) Neuropsychology, (B) Neurodevelopmental psychology, (C) Child psychology, (D) Criminal psychology | Answer is A. Ans. a. Neuropsychology (Ref: www.wikipedia.org/Neuropsychology)A study comparing the behavioral and developmental changes in a normal brain with a damaged brain is Neuropsychology.'Clinical neuropsychology is the application of neuropsychological knowledge to the assessment, management, rehabilitation of ... | |
Bleeding from peptic ulcer most commonly involve: (A) Gastroduodenal aery, (B) Left gastric aery, (C) Splenic aery, (D) Sho gastric aery | Answer is A. Bleeding peptic ulcer MC indication for operation and principal cause of death in PUD patients The most significant hemorrhage occurs when duodenal or gastric ulcers penetrate into branches of the gastroduodenal aery or left gastric aery, respectively Incidence of peptic ulcer bleeding decreased over past ... | |
A female developed brown macule on the cheek, forehead and nose after exposure to light following delivery of a baby, the diagnosis is: (A) SLE, (B) Chloasma, (C) Photodermatitis, (D) Acne rosacea | Answer is B. Answer is B (Chloasma): Patient has a characteristic 'brown' macule on cheek, with no history suggestive of any systemic involvement, with positive history of delivery of a baby suggesting pregnancy. | |
Which of the following drugs have maximum capacity to lower serum triglyceride levels?: (A) Fibrates, (B) Statins, (C) Niacin, (D) Ezetimibe | Answer is A. Fibrates: maximum capacity to lower serum triglyceride levels. Statins: Max. LDL lowering capacity ANTI-DYSLIPIDEMIC AGENTS Group Mechanism Drugs Special points Statins HMG CoA reductase inhibition Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin Max LDL lowering capacity Fibrates Stimulation of PPAR-alpha Clofibrate Fenofibrat... | |
Which of the following is not a Sarcolemmal P proteins?: (A) Sarcoglycan, (B) Dystrophin, (C) Dystroglycan, (D) Perlecan | Answer is D. Perlecan is a large multidomine proteolycan that binds to and cross links many ECM components and cell surface molecules Ref:Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology 12th edition,page number:8,9,10 | |
An alcoholic was found to be dead by cardiac arrest due to hydrocution. Hydrocution is:: (A) Electrocution in water, (B) Dry drowning, (C) Drowning in cold water, (D) Postmoem immersion | Answer is C. Hydrocution or Immersion syndrome or Submersion inhibition: Death results from cardiac arrest due to vagal inhibition as a result of, Cold water stimulating the nerve endings of the surface of the body Water striking the epigastrium Cold water entering eardrums, nasal passages, and the pharynx and larynx w... | |
In lag screw technique, what is the function of counter-sink?: (A) Assures appropriate receptacle for screw head, (B) It is the hole made in the distal fragment that engages the screw threads, (C) It is the hole made in the proximal segment that does not engage the screw threads, (D) It is non functional | Answer is A. To flush the obliquely place screw head with the rest of the proximal cortex, countersink is made that acts as a receptacle for engaging the end of screw head. | |
Aplastic anaemia is common with: (A) Chloramphenicol, (B) Cephalosporin, (C) Tetracycline, (D) Penicillin | Answer is A. None | |
Father of serial extraction philosophy in USA is: (A) Kjellgren, (B) Nancy, (C) Dewel, (D) Hotz | Answer is B. None | |
Coffee bean sign is a radiologic finding in which of the following abdominal condition?: (A) Ileocaecal TB, (B) Sigmoid volvulus, (C) Ulcerative colitis, (D) Crohn's disease | Answer is B. Volvulus refers to torsion of the bowel. It most commonly occurs in the sigmoid colon or caecum of constipated elderly adults who have redundant loops of colon on a long mesentery and are therefore at risk of the colon twisting around its mesenteric axis. Coffee bean sign is a radiologic feature of sigmoid... | |
WRONG about ileum as compared with jejunum is: (A) Sho club shaped Villi, (B) Long vasa recta, (C) More lymphoid nodules, (D) More fat in mesentery | Answer is B. Jejunum has long and sparse vasa recta as compared to ileum. Jejunum are thick walled and peritoneal windows are transparent as compared to ileum. Peyer patches are present in ileum which are absent in jejunum. Jejunum have 1 or 2 rows of aerial arcades whereas ileum have 4 to 5 aerial arcades Ileum have s... | |
Mammalian Mitochondria are involved in all of the following except –: (A) Fatty acid synthesis, (B) DNA synthesis, (C) Fatty acid oxidation (β-oxidation), (D) Protein synthesis | Answer is D. Protein synthesis is a cytoplasmic process.
Fatty acid synthesis starts with the production of Acetyl Co A within the mitochondria .
β-oxidation of fatty acid oxidation also occurs in mitochondria .
Mitochondrial DNA synthesis occurs within the mitochondria . Protein synthesis Process whereby DNA ... | |
Cluster headache is characterized by all, except:: (A) Affects predominantly females, (B) Unilateral headache, (C) Onset typically in 20-50 years of life, (D) Associated with conjunctival congestion | Answer is A. Answer is A (Affects predominantly females) : Cluster headache affects predominantly males. Men are affected 3 times more often than women. | |
Which of the following is an approach in health education:: (A) Regulatory approach, (B) Service approach, (C) Educational approach, (D) All of the above | Answer is D. Approaches in Health Education:
Regulatory approach
Service approach
Educational approach
Primary Health Care approach | |
Blood supply of breast:: (A) Internal thoracic aery, (B) Lateral thoracic aery, (C) Intercostal aery, (D) All | Answer is D. A i.e. Internal thoracic aery; B i.e. Lateral thoracici aery; C i.e. Inter costal aery | |
Which of the following is involved in transpo of large molecules from cytoplasm to the cell nucleus?(2018): (A) Calthrin, (B) Caveolin, (C) Flotillin, (D) Impoins | Answer is A. Clathrin mediated endocytosis is responsible for the internalization of many receptors and the ligands bound to them--including, for example, nerve growth factor(NGF). Rafts and caveolae,are involved in cholesterol regulation and transcytosis. Ref:- Ganong, pg num:-46, 47 | |
The cause of hyperuricemia and gout in glucose-6- phosphatase deficiency is: (A) More formation of pentose, (B) Decreased availability of glucose to tissues, (C) Increased accumulation of sorbitol, (D) Impaired degradation of free radicals | Answer is A. Purine overproduction and hyperuricemia in von Gierke disease (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency) occurs secondary to enhanced generation of PRPP precursor, i.e. ribose-5-phosphate (a pentose).
In glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, glucose-6-phosphate cannot be converted to glucose. Accumulated glucose-6-pho... | |
Heimlich valve is used for drainage of: (A) Pneumothorax, (B) Hemothorax, (C) Emphyema, (D) Malignant plural effusion | Answer is A. The Heimlich valve(flutter valve)is a small one-way valve used for chest drainage that empties into a flexible collection device & prevents return of gases or fluids into the pleural space.The heimlich valve is less than 13 cm long and facilitates patient ambulation. Reference:SRB's manual of surgery,5th e... | |
A 47 year old alcoholic presents with acute upper left abdominal pain with pain on palpation. The pain is referred to his back. Lab results reveal a low serum calcium level. His hypocalcemia probably reflects which of the following?: (A) Caseous necrosis, (B) Coagulative necrosis, (C) Enzymatic fat necrosis, (D) Gangre... | Answer is C. The patient most likely has acute pancreatitis, which is commonly caused by either alcoholism or impaction of a small gallstone in the common bile duct. Acute pancreatitis causes the release of many digestive enzyme precursors, which are then conveed to the active form in the damaged tissues. These enzymes... | |
Not true about Vi polysaccharide vaccine of typhoid-: (A) Single dose is given, (B) Revaccination at 3 years, (C) Given at birth, (D) Given subcutaneously | Answer is C. Ans. is 'c' i.e., Given at birth Antityphoid vaccineso Two safe and effective vaccines are licensed and available1) The Vi polysaccharide vaccine (TYPHIM Vi Vaccine)# It contains purified Vi capsular polysaccaride from Ty2 strain.# It is given as single dose by subcutaneous or intramuscular route.# It conf... | |
True about Rheumatic carditis -: (A) Only endocarditis, (B) Only myocarditis, (C) Only Pericarditis, (D) Pancarditis | Answer is D. Ans. is `d' i.e., Pancarditis Rheumatic carditis Seen in 40-60% of patients. o Usually seen within 3 weeks. o It is a pancarditis involving all the three layers --> Myocardium, endocardium & Pericardium. o Rheumatic carditis is the only manifestation of acute RF that has the potential to cause long term di... | |
Infective dose of salmonella typhi ?: (A) 10 bacilli, (B) 1000 bacilli, (C) 103-106 bacilli, (D) 1010 - 1012 bacilli | Answer is C. Ans. is 'c' i.e., 103-106 bacilli In human volunteer experiments, the infective dose was found to be 103-106 bacilli. | |
Following are tests to confirm blood stains except: (A) Phenolphthalein test, (B) Takayamma test, (C) Florence test, (D) Teichmann's test | Answer is C. To find out whether the stain is blood or Not: 1. Catalytic color test Phenolphthalein test Oho-toluidine test Benzedine test 2. Crystal test Hemin crystal test(Teichmann's test) Hemochromogen crystal test(Takayamma test) Ref: FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY Dr PC IGNATIUS THIRD EDITION PAGE 317 | |
Following are true of transferable drug resistance except :: (A) Multiple drug resistance simultaneously, (B) Virulence of bacteria same, (C) Prevented by drug combinations, (D) Very high degree of resistance | Answer is C. Drug Resistance 1. Transferable drug resistance cannot be prevented by use of drug combinations. Drug combinations are used to get synergistic effect of antibiotics on pathogens in serious diseases. 2. Antimicrobial resistance can be of two types:-* Intrinsic Resistance: It is the innate ability of a bacte... | |
A 40-year-old patient is suffering from carotid body tumor. Which of the following is the best choice of treatment for him?: (A) Excision of tumor, (B) Radiotherapy, (C) Chemotherapy, (D) Carotid artery ligation both proximal and distal to the tumor | Answer is A. Ans. (a) Excision of tumorRef: Schwartz 10th Edition Page 678* It is a non-chromaffin paraganglioma* 10% have family history* FNAC and Biopsy are contraindicated* Carotid Angiogram shows - LYRE sign* Excision of the tumor is the treatment of choice.* It rarely metastasize and growth is very slow hence in o... | |
CD4 is a marker for?: (A) Stem cells, (B) All leukocytes, (C) B - cells, (D) T - cells | Answer is D. Ans. is 'd' i.e., T - cells o See above explanation. | |
Neonatal complications of the fetus in a diabetic include all the following except :: (A) Hypoglycemia, (B) Polycythemia, (C) Hypocalcemia, (D) Omphalitis | Answer is D. Omphalitis | |
Pneumactocele is commnly found in case of-: (A) Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, (B) Staphylococal pneumonia, (C) Klebsiella pneumonia, (D) Pseudomonas pneumonia | Answer is A. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia can present with progressive dyspnoea,dry cough & fever.Chest X ray shows bilateral interstitial infiltrate spreading out from hilar region.High resolution CT is more sensitive,showing typical 'ground-glass 'interstitial infiltrates.Pneumatocoeles can occur and may rupture,... |
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