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Chest X-ray showing opacity in the lung with irregular calcification is suggestive of –: (A) Lung carcinoma, (B) Hamartoma, (C) Hydatid cyst, (D) Adenoma | Answer is B. Irregular central calcification is characteristic of hamartoma. | |
Power of chief judicial magistrate is imprisonment up to -: (A) 7 years, (B) 5 years, (C) 3 years ., (D) Death sentence | Answer is A. None | |
The commonest valvular manifestation of acute as well as previous rheumatic carditis is: (A) Mitral stenosis, (B) Mitral regurgitation, (C) Aoic stenosis, (D) Aoic regurgitation | Answer is B. Mitral regurgitation (MR) is the commonest manifestation of acute as well as previous rheumatic carditis. Reference: Essential Paediatrics; O.P. Ghai; Page no: 438 | |
In peripheral tissues which of the following contains substance P:: (A) Plasma cell, (B) Mast cell, (C) Nerve terminal, (D) Vascular endothelium | Answer is C. None | |
Thinnest pa of the skull: (A) Lambdoid suture, (B) Temporal pa of bone, (C) Pterion, (D) Occiput | Answer is C. The anterior pa of the floor of the temporal fossa is crossed by an H shaped suture where four bones,frontal,parietal,greater wing of sphenoid and temporal adjoin each other.This area is termed the pterion. REF.B D Chaurasia's Human Anatomy VOL.3,Fouh edition | |
A 43-year-old woman with chronic alcoholism presents with shortness of breath and edema. On examination, her blood pressure is 100/60 mm Hg, pulse 110/min, JVP is 8 cm, the cardiac apex is displaced and enlarged, there are bilateral inspiratory crackles, and there is pedal edema.For the patient with vitamin deficiency ... | Answer is B. Thiamine deficiency can cause high-output cardiac failure (wet beriberi) or neurologic symptoms (dry beriberi). In North America, thiamine deficiency occurs in alcoholics or those with chronic disease. In alcoholics, deficiency is secondary to low intake, impaired absorption and storage, and accelerated de... | |
Clinical features of anicteric Leptospirosis are all EXCEPT: March 2013: (A) Influenza like illness like fever, hepatosplenomegaly, nausea, headache etc., (B) Muscle pain, (C) High moality, (D) Conjuctival suffusion is MC finding on physical examination | Answer is C. Ans. C i.e. High moality Leptospira Leptospirosis is transmitted by: Rat urine Leptospirosis is associated with: Rat, Ricefields, Rain Weils disease is caused by: L. icterio-hemorrhagica | |
Ulcers in diabetes are precipitated by all EXCEPT: September 2012: (A) Microangiopathic changes in blood vessels, (B) Neuropathy, (C) Trophic ulcers, (D) Macroangiopathy | Answer is A. Ans. A i.e. Microangiopathic changes in blood vessels | |
In exocrine pancreatic cancer, the commonest tumour marker to be elevated as -: (A) CA-125, (B) CEA, (C) CA-15-3, (D) CA-19-9 | Answer is D. None | |
All of the following features in the knee are recognized to be consistent with a torn medial meniscus, except: (A) Excessive forward glide, (B) Giving way, (C) Locking, (D) Mc. Murray's sign | Answer is A. A i.e. Excessive - History of twisting strain (flexion, abduction/ valgus and medial rotation of femur on fixed tibia Q/ lateral rotation of tibia on fixed femur) followed by locking of knee pintQ is diagnostic of medial meniscus tear. - Mc Murray's test, Apley grinding test and Squat tests are done to dia... | |
`NALGONDA technique' is used in -: (A) Endemic-fluorosis, (B) Epidemic-dropsy, (C) Endemic-ascites, (D) Ncurolathyrisin | Answer is A. Ans. is 'a' i.e., Endemic fluorosis interventions to prevent fluorosis a) Changing of water source o Running surface water contains lower quantities of fluoride than ground water. b) Chemical treatment Water can be chemically defluoridated in a water treatment plant. The National Environmental Engineering ... | |
Post moem stiffening is called: March 2005: (A) Putrefaction, (B) Rigor mois, (C) Livor mois, (D) Mummification | Answer is B. Ans. B: Rigor mois Putrefaction: It is the final stage following death in which destruction of the soft tissues of the body is mainly caused by the action of bacterial enzymes. Rigor mois/death stiffening/cadaveric rigidity: is a state of muscle stiffening sometimes with slight shoening of the fibres. Post... | |
Werner's syndrome (multiple endocrine neoplasia type I) is characterised by all of the following except -: (A) Tumours of anterior pituitary, (B) Tumours of parathyroids, (C) Pancreatic adenomas, (D) Phaeochromocytoma | Answer is D. None | |
Renal threshold for glycosuria: (A) 100 mg/dl, (B) 180 mg/dl, (C) 300 mg/dl, (D) 350 mg/dl | Answer is B. For glucose, the renal threshold is 180 mg/dl and Tm is 375 mg/min. In other words, glucose stas to appear in urine when blood level is more than 180 mg/dl, and all the glucose molecules above 375 mg are excreted in the urine. abnormal conditions, the renal threshold may be lowered so that even at lower bl... | |
Bulls eye retinopathy is seen in toxicity of-: (A) Quinine, (B) Tobacco, (C) Ethanol, (D) Chloroquine | Answer is D. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine can cause toxic retinopathy due to their binding of melanin in the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) as well as direct toxicity to retinal ganglion cells. Early findings include mottling of the RPE and blunted foveal reflex. As the retinopathy progresses, a bull's-eye ma... | |
The following are indications for performing thoracotomy after blunt injury of the chest, except: (A) 1000 ml drainage after placing intercostal tube, (B) Continuous bleeding through intercostal tube of more than 200 ml/hour for three or more hours, (C) Cardiac tamponade, (D) Rib fracture | Answer is D. Ans. is 'd' i.e. Rib fracture | |
Landau reflex is absent in:: (A) Hypotonia., (B) Hypertonia., (C) Mental abnormality., (D) All of the above. | Answer is D. None | |
True regarding colovesical fistula: (A) Most commonly presents with pneumaturia, (B) Most commonly caused by colonic cancer, (C) More common in females, (D) Readily diagnosed on barium enema | Answer is A. .* Left sided growth presents with colicky pain, altered bowel habits (alternating constipation and diarrhoea), palpable lump, distension of abdomen due subacute/ chronic obstruction. Later may present like complete colonic obstruction. Tenesmus, with passage of blood and mucus, with alternate constipation... | |
All of the following are true about lateral cutaneous nerve EXCEPT:: (A) Supplies skin over the lateral skin of thigh, (B) Supplies skin over the medial aspect of thigh, (C) Arises from L2 and L3, (D) It is a purely sensory nerve | Answer is B. Ans. B Supplies skin over the medial aspect of thighRef: Clinical Anatomy, 11th ed. pg. 251* The femoral nerve supplies the skin of the medial and anterior aspects of the thigh via its medial and intermediate cutaneous branches.* The lateral aspect is supplied by the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (L... | |
Persistant vomiting most likely causes -a) Hyperkalemiab) Acidic urine excretionc) Hypochloraemiad) Hyperventilation.: (A) a, (B) c, (C) bc, (D) ad | Answer is C. Persistent vomiting leads to loss of large amount of gastric fluid.
Gastric fluid consists of large amount of HCL along with potassium
Thus the metabolic abnormality associated with repeated vomiting is metabolic alkalosis in combination with hypochloretnia and hypokaletnia.
In the early stages the kidneys... | |
Which of the following lesion is least likely to be eccentric?: (A) GCT, (B) Simple bone cyst, (C) Osteochondroma, (D) Aneurysmal bone cyst | Answer is B. Simple Bone cyst is seen in metaphysis or in diaphysis and it can be least likely to be at an eccentric location. Aneurysmal bone cyst is the lesion most likely to occur in ecentric location. All other lesions might sta from centre but ultimately during presentation,they present as eccentric lesion. | |
Which of the following is an anti-apoptotic gene?: (A) C-myc, (B) p53, (C) bcl-2, (D) bax | Answer is C. Ans. (c) bcl-2 | |
True about pilocytic astrocytoma all except -: (A) Long survival, (B) Total surgical resection possible, (C) Can involve posterior fossa, (D) Median age at presentation is more than 80 years | Answer is D. Pilocytic astrocytomas are relatively benign tumors, typically affecting children and young adults. Most commonly located in the cerebellum, they also may involve the third ventricle, the optic pathways, spinal cord, and occasionally the cerebral hemispheres. There is often a cyst associated with the tumor... | |
Decreased vascularity of fibroid is seen with :: (A) GnRH agonist, (B) Danazol, (C) Mifepristone, (D) All | Answer is D. Ans. is a, b, and c i.e. GnRH analogues; Danazol; and Mifeprestone As I have already explained in previous question, the drugs used to decrease blood loss / vascularity of fibroid during surgery are : | |
Intercourse in closely related individual in relation -: (A) Incest, (B) Adultery, (C) Bestiality, (D) Tribadism | Answer is A. Ref:Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (V.V.Pillay) 17th edition, page no. 404 Incest is defined as natural sexual intercourse between two persons so closely related that they are forbidden by law to marry. Incest most frequently occurs between members of nuclear family, and the victim s are most... | |
Drug metabolized by Glutathionation is: (A) Benzodiazepines, (B) Dapsone, (C) Fosfomycin, (D) Nicotinic acid | Answer is C. Fosfomycin and Ifosfamide are metabolized by glutathionation. | |
A 19-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with a stab wound at the base of the neck (zone I) (Figure below). The most important concern for patients with such injuries is which of the following?For the purpose of evaluating penetrating injuries, the neck is divided into three zones. Zone I is below the c... | Answer is C. Exsanguinating hemorrhage is the predominant risk, because bleeding may not be easily recognized, given that bleeding into the pleural cavity and mediastinum can occur. The abundant collateral blood supply generally protects against upper extremities or cerebrovascular compromise. | |
Westermark's sign is seen in:: (A) Pulmonary embolism, (B) Pulmonary sequestration, (C) Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, (D) A.B.P.A (Allergic Broncho-pulmonary Aspergillosis) | Answer is A. Ans. (a) Pulmonary embolismRef: Harrison 19th ed. /1633Westermark sign is due to focus of oligemia in pulmonary embolism (PE). The sign develops due to following reasons:* Dilation of the pulmonary arteries proximal to the embolus* Collapse of the distal vasculature creating the appearance of a sharp cut o... | |
Which is not a content of inguinal canal -: (A) Spermatic cord, (B) Ilioinguinal nerve, (C) Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve, (D) Inferior epigastric artery | Answer is D. Ans. is 'd' i.e.. Inferior epigastric artery Contents of inguinal canalo Spermatic cord in male or round ligament of uterus in female.o Ilioinguinal nerve : It enters through the interval between external and internal oblique muscles,\o Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve is a constituent of spermatic co... | |
True about ACE inhibitors are all except:: (A) Contraindicated in asthma, (B) Lacks postural hypotension, (C) Decreases potassium concentration, (D) Does not affect quality of life | Answer is C. The adverse effect profile of all ACE inhibitors is similar. One adverse effect is:
Hyperkalaemia: This is likely in patients with impaired renal function and in those taking K+ sparing diuretics, NSAIDs or blockers.
In others, significant rise in plasma K+ is rare. It does not cause decrease in K+ concen... | |
Which of the following ophthalmological anomaly is seen in WAGR syndrome: (A) Lens coloboma, (B) Retinitis pigmentosa, (C) Aniridia, (D) Trabeculodysgenesis | Answer is C. Some impoant syndromes and their associations to be remembered Down's syndrome: Congenital cataract Rubella Syndrome : Congenital Cataract WAGR Syndrome: Aniridia Gillepsie syndrome: Aniridia FRASER Syndrome: Cryptophthalmos Marfan's syndrome: Subluxation of lens Patau Syndrome: PHPV | |
ACTH is produced by which of the following Bronchogenic carcinomas: (A) Adenocarcinoma, (B) Small cell carcinoma, (C) Squamous cell carcinoma, (D) Branchoalveolar carcinoma | Answer is B. Answer is B (Small cell carcinoma): Small cell carcinomas are the most common bronchogenic carcinomas associated with paraneoplastic syndrome and ectopic hormone production including ACTH. ACTH may also be uncommonly produced by non small cell variants including adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinomas, but ... | |
A female married to a normal male but her father had vitamin D resistant rickets. So what are the chances that her childrens will be colour blind: March 2013: (A) 0%, (B) 50%, (C) 75%, (D) 100% | Answer is B. Ans. B i.e. 50% X-linked dominant are transmitted by an affected heterozygous female to half her sons and half her daughters and by an affected male parent to all his daughters but none of his sons, if the female parent is unaffected. | |
All of the following are described surgical procedures for CTE V except -: (A) Dwyer's osteotomy, (B) Posteromedial soft tissue release, (C) Triple Arthrodesis, (D) Salter's osteotomy | Answer is D. Ans. is 'd' i.e., Salter's osteotomy | |
Rubrospinal tract influences -: (A) Posture and balance, (B) Valuntary activity, (C) Vestibuloocular stimuli, (D) All of the above | Answer is B. Ans. is'b' i.e., Voluntary activityActions of extrapyramidal systemsReticulospinal (Rubrospinal tracts -+ voluntary and reflex (involuntary) activity. | |
NOT a content of Rectus sheath among the following is: (A) Pyramidalis, (B) Superior epigastric artery, (C) T12, (D) T6 | Answer is D. Thorcoabdominal nerves (T7 - T11) and Subcostal nerve ( T12) are the nerves of Rectus sheath. T6 is not the content of Rectus sheath | |
Characteristic feature of Otosclerosis are all except:: (A) Conductive deafness, (B) Positive Rinne's test, (C) Paracusis willisii, (D) Mobile ear drum | Answer is B. Tuning Fork Tests in OtosclerosisRinnes test-negativeWebers test-lateralised to ear with greater conductive lossAbsolute bone conduction-normal (It is decreased in cochlear otosclerosis)Pure tone audiometry-shows loss of air conduction more for lower frequency. * Tympanic membrane is normal and mobile in 9... | |
Long term potentiation means: (A) Enhancement of signal transmission, (B) Increased number of receptors, (C) Increased number of neurons, (D) Increased muscle tone | Answer is A. (A) Enhancement of signal transmission# LONG-TERM POTENTIATION (LTP): a long-lasting strengthening of the response of a postsynaptic nerve cell to stimulation across the synapse that occurs with repeated stimulation and is thought to be related to learning and long-term memory.> Long-term potentiation (LTP... | |
Cell matrix adhesion are mediated by: (A) Cadherins, (B) Integrins, (C) Selectins, (D) Calmodulin | Answer is B. ref, Robbins 8/e p96;9/ep24 The cell adhesion molecules are classified into four main families: Immunoglbulin family CAMs Cadherins Selectins | |
Mr.X fired his gun at Mr.Y who moved and escaped with the bullet only grazing his arm. There was only a little bleeding and no other significant injury. Mr. X is liable for arrest under which section of IPC?: (A) 302, (B) 304, (C) 324, (D) 326 | Answer is C. In the question there is simple injury by a dangerous weapon, hence 324 IPC IPC Sections related to Hu etc:- 319. Definition of Hu (Any Bodily pain, Infirmity or Disease) 320. Definition of Grievous hu. 321 Defines Voluntarily causing hu 322 DefinesVoluntarily causing Grievous hu 323 Punishment for causing... | |
Fasciotomy- all of the following are cut except: (A) Skin, (B) Superficial fascia, (C) Deep fascia, (D) Muscles | Answer is D. Answer- D. MusclesFasciotomy or fasciectomy is a surgical procedure where the fascia is cut to relieve tension or pressure commonly to treat the resulting loss of circulation to an area of tissue or muscle.Fasciotomy is a limb-saving procedure when used to treat acute compament syndrome | |
Identical twins can be differentiated by:-: (A) Finger print, (B) DNA fingerprinting, (C) Blood grouping, (D) Age | Answer is A. Fingerprints are the impressions of the patterns formed by the papillary or epidermal regions of the fingeips. The patterns are not inherited and paternity cannot be proved through fingerprint patterns The pattern is different even in identical twins. | |
Paradoxical splitting of second hea sound Heard in: (A) RBBB, (B) ASD, (C) VSD, (D) LBBB | Answer is D. Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 1447 Reversed or paradoxical splitting refers to a pathologic delay in aoic valve closure, such as that which occurs in patients with left bundle branch block, right ventricular pac- ing, severe AS, HOCM, and acute myocardial ischemia. With reversed or paradoxical splitting, the in... | |
Optic nerve injury following sinus surgery is due to removal of which ethmoidal cells?: (A) Haller, (B) Agger nasi, (C) Onodi cells, (D) Bullae cells | Answer is C. Onodi cell "Onodi cell" is the posterior most posterior ethmoid cell extending lateral to the sphenoid sinus. While removing disease from the Onodi cells there are chances of injury to optic nerve and internal carotid which lie in the vicinity. The posterior ethmoidal cells in the floor of orbit are known ... | |
What is ultimate strength:: (A) Stress at the point of fracture., (B) Total energy stored in the body at the point of fracture., (C) Maximum stress beared by body before fracture., (D) None of the above. | Answer is C. option A is fracture strength.
Option B is toughness | |
Little finger of hand corresponds to which of the following dermatomes:: (A) C6, (B) C7, (C) C8, (D) T1 | Answer is C. C i.e. C8Thumb corresponds to C6; middle & ring fingers to C7; and little finger to Cs dermatomesQ | |
Human fibroblast cell line is used for cultivation of ?: (A) Adenovirus, (B) Poliovirus, (C) HIV, (D) Measles | Answer is B. Ans. is b i.e., Poliovirus Human diploid fibroblasts (HDF) cell line is used for cultivation of coxsackie A7, 9, 16; CMV; Echovinis; enteroviruses; HSV-1, 2; Poliovirus; parainfluenzavirus, rhinovirus and VZV. | |
All are true about estrogen, EXCEPT:: (A) Causes cholestasis, (B) Used in treatment of gynacomastia, (C) Used in H, (D) Increased risk of breast cancer | Answer is B. They promote the development of female secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast development. So it is not used in treatment of gynaecomastia. Estrogen and other hormones are given to postmenopausal women as a pa of hormone replacement therapy (H) in order to prevent osteoporosis as well as treat th... | |
Patients with 'Hemophilia A' have bleeding disorder because of -: (A) Lack of platelet aggregation, (B) Lack of reaction accelerator during activation of factor X in coagulation cascade, (C) Neutralization of antithrombin III, (D) Release of Thromboxane A2 | Answer is B. None | |
Not true about tubercular bacilli -: (A) Facultative anaerobe, (B) Discovered by Robert Koch, (C) Gram positive, (D) Has thick cell wall | Answer is A. Ans. is 'a' i.e., Facultative anaerobe* M. tuberculosis was discovered by Robert koch.* M. tuberculosis is gram-positive, obligate aerobe, acid-fast, straight or slightly curved rod. Electron microscopy shows thick cell wall.* M. tuberculosis is acid-fast bacillus and resists decolorization by 20% H2SO4. A... | |
A posthumous child is:: (A) Still born, (B) Child born after father s death, (C) Child born after mother s death, (D) Fictitious child claimed by a women as her own | Answer is B. Ans. (b) Child born after father's deathRef: The Essentials ofFSM by K.S. Narayan Reddy 31st ed./369* Posthumous child: child born after father's death, the mother being conceived by the said father.* Suppositious child: Fictitious child claimed by a women as her own, a women may pretend pregnancy & delive... | |
All of the following are characteristic of Datura poisoning except -: (A) Delirium, (B) Diplopia, (C) Pin-point pupils, (D) Dysphagia | Answer is C. In datura poisoning, there is dilatation of pupil (not pin point pupil).
Features of datura poisoning are described as '9D':-
Dry hot skin: 'Hot as a hare'.
Dilatation of cutaneous blood vessels causing a facial flash. 'Red as a beet'.
Dilatation of pupil with loss accommodation and... | |
The Most common cause of perinatal mortality is: (A) Anoxia, (B) Prematurity, (C) Congenital anomalies, (D) Toxaemia | Answer is B. (B) Prematurity # Direct causes of death: About 80% of the perinatal deaths are related to perinatal hypoxia, low birth weight, infection & intracranial haemorrhage.> The undetermined group is reduced to 15%.> Thus autopsy study is essential in any perinatal; mortality study when the real causes of death c... | |
who introduced camhor for patients for production of seizures for management of mental illness: (A) adler, (B) medunna, (C) freud, (D) cerletti | Answer is B. HISTORY * Medunna ====IM injection of camphor to induce seizures * Ugo cerletti and lucio bini==== ECT in a catatonic patient INDICATIONS * DEPRESSION SUICIDAL IDEAS-------------- first choice * CATATONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA * SCHIZOPHRENIA * MANIA * ELECTRODE PLACEMENT * Most commonly used=== bi fronto temporal... | |
All of the following are true about Sibson's fascia except: (A) Attached to cervical pleura, (B) Arises from scalenus anterior, (C) Subclavian arched over it, (D) Attached to C7 | Answer is B. Ref. Gray’s anatomy. 41st edition. Page. 446,896.
Topic, Subtopic – Thorax, fascia
Sibson's Fascia:
The suprapleural membrane, also known as Sibson fascia, is a dense fascial layer that is attached to the inner border of the first rib and costal cartilage anteriorly, C7 transverse process posteriorly and ... | |
Atopic dermatitis is diagnosed by –: (A) Patch test, (B) Wood lamp, (C) Clinical examination, (D) IgE | Answer is C. Diagnosis of atopic dermatitis is largely clinical and is facilitated by using major and minor criteria. | |
Colour vision is with the help of:: (A) Rods, (B) Cones, (C) Cortex, (D) Optic disc | Answer is B. Ans: b (cones) Ref: Ganong, 22nd ed, p. 159A straight forward question! Cones play a very important role in colour vision and rods in night vision (dim light)Cones are the visual receptors which impart to the eye, the ability for colour visionThere are three types of cone pigments:- Cvanolabe- Ervthrolabe-... | |
Which of the following drugs is not used for induction of labour?: (A) PGE2, (B) PGE1, (C) Mifepristone, (D) Betamethasone | Answer is D. Ans is 'd' i.e., Betamethasone o Following are the drugs used in medical induction of labour:# Prostaglandins PGE2, PGE1# Oxytocin# Mifepristone | |
A 23 yr. old female came with arthritis, Malar rash, oral ulcers, serositis (pleuritis or pericarditis). The likely investigation to be positive is: (A) Anti nuclear antibody, (B) Anti collagen antibody, (C) Anti epithelial antibody, (D) Antigen antibody complexes | Answer is A. (A) Anti nuclear antibody # Antinuclear antibody (ANA) tests are positive in 5 to 10 percent of the general population, a rate that increases with age.> Thus, given a one in 20 frequency for ANAs and a one in 2,000 frequency for systemic lupus erythematosus, only one in 100 persons with a positive ANA test... | |
Coagulative necrosis is commonly seen in all except:: (A) Tuberculosis, (B) Encephalitis, (C) Sarcoidosis, (D) Wet gangrene | Answer is B. Coagulative necrosis is the most common type of necrosis, there is protein denaturation with preservation of cell and tissue frame work. It is usually seen in all solid organs, exception is brain (liquefactive necrosis). Ref: Tanley L. Robbins, Ramzi S. Cotran, (2012) , Chapter 1, "Cell Injury", In the boo... | |
The process by which fusion of part of a cell membrane occurs is/are: (A) Cell division, (B) Endocytosis, (C) Exocytosis, (D) Virus replication | Answer is B. Ans. (b) EndocytosisEndocytosis is the process of taking contents inside the cell. It involves fusion of two cell membranesExocytosis is release of contents from inside of the cell to outside. It involves fusion of vesicles inside the cell to its cell membrane | |
In a standard deviation of 2, confidence limit is: (A) 68.30%, (B) 95.40%, (C) 99.70%, (D) 76.20% | Answer is B. (B) 95.4% # In a NORMAL CURVE, the area between one standard deviation on either side of the mean will include 68%, the area between two standard deviations 95.4% and the area between three standard deviations will include 99.7% of the values in the distribution.> In a Normal curve: Area between one standa... | |
Bruxism is -: (A) Walking during sleep, (B) Nocturnal enuresis, (C) Grinding of teeth during sleep, (D) Sleep apnoea | Answer is C. Bruxism is grinding of teeth which occurs during stage 3 & 4 of NREM sleep. | |
Which of the following are the slowly adapting mechan- oreceptors present in the skin that are very sensitive to perpendicular indentation?: (A) Pacinian corpuscles, (B) Meissner's corpuscles, (C) Merkel discs, (D) Ruffini end organs | Answer is C. Ans. c (Merkel discs). (Ref. Ganong Physiology 21st ed., 125)MECHANORECEPTORS# Four types of mechanoreceptors in glabrous skin are-two in the superficial layers (Meissner's corpuscles and Merkel discs) and two in the subcutaneous tissue (Ruffini endings and Pacinian corpuscles).Meissner's corpuscles# are r... | |
All the following are contents of sub-occipital triangle, except -: (A) Vertebral artery, (B) Dorsal ramus of C1 nerve, (C) Suboccipital plexus of vein, (D) Occipital artery | Answer is D. Contents of suboccipital triangle are vertebral artery (3rd part), suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C1) and suboccipital venous plexus. Occipital artery lies in occipital triangle. | |
Spring catarrh is which type of hypersensitivity reaction -a) type Ib) type IIc) type IIId) type IVe) type V: (A) b, (B) ad, (C) ac, (D) ab | Answer is B. None | |
Which of the following feature on second trimester ultrasound is not a marker of Down's: (A) Single umbilical aery, (B) Choroid plexus cyst, (C) Diaphragmatic hernia, (D) Duodenal atresia | Answer is B. Ans. is b i.e. Choroids plexus cyst Abnormalities associated with Down's syndrome (as listed in Benacerraf and Callen). Brachycephaly (sho frontal lobe) Ventriculomegaly Flat facies, small earsdeg Increase nuchal fold thickness Absent nasal bone Cystic hygroma (more associated with trisomy 18) Sho humerus ... | |
Endotoxin consists of _____.: (A) Lipopolysaccharide, (B) M protein, (C) Hyaluronidase, (D) Lactic acid | Answer is A. Endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide is found in the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria. | |
A young boy, Rahul presents with massive hemetemesis. He had fever for 15 days few days back which was treated with few drugs. Clinical examination reveal moderate splenomegaly). No other history is positive) Probable diagnosis is:: (A) Drug induced gastritis, (B) Oesophageal tear, (C) Bleeding duodenal ulcer, (D) Oeso... | Answer is D. Answer is D (Oesophageal varices) Oesophageal variceal bleeding secondary to poal hypeension .should always be the initial diagnosis in a young patient presenting with massive hematemesis and a moderate to large splenomegaly' Features in our of oesophageal varices: Most common presentation of oesophageal v... | |
Rosette cataract is seen due to:: (A) Trauma, (B) Copper foreign body, (C) Diabetes, (D) Hyperparathyroidism | Answer is A. Trauma. Ring/ pettal shaped marking on the lens. Ref: AK khurana 7th ed. | |
Most common type of shoulder dislocation is:March 2011: (A) Posterior, (B) Anterior, (C) Inferior, (D) Superior | Answer is B. Ans. B: AnteriorShoulder joint is the commonest joint in the body to dislocateAnterior shoulder dislocation is much more common than posterior dislocationShoulder dislocation:MC joint to dislocate in body: ShoulderMC type of shoulder dislocation: Subcoracoid/ inferiorRarest type of shoulder dislocation: Po... | |
Bechet's disease is characterized by:: (A) Hypopyon, (B) Hyphema, (C) Subconjuctival hemmorrhage, (D) Scleritis | Answer is A. Hypopyon REF: Khurana 4th ed p. 156 Uveitis in bechet's disease Bilateral Recurrent iridocyclitis Hypopyon Viteritis Periphlebitis Retinitis | |
Central anticholinergics are used in treatment of all except-: (A) Akathisia, (B) Parkinsonism, (C) Acute dystonia, (D) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome | Answer is D. Ans. is 'd' i.e., Neuroleptic malignant syndrome o Central anticholinergics are ineffective in neuroleptic malignant syndrome. o Central anticholinergics are not used in tardive dyskinesia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. | |
A 32-year-old woman is evaluated in the clinic for symptoms of polyuria and polydipsia. She has no significant past medical history and her only medication is the oral contraceptive pill.Her physical examination is entirely normal. Urine and serum biochemistry investigations are suggestive of central diabetes insipidus... | Answer is D. Because DI is usually caused by destruction, or agenesis, of the posterior pituitary, its normal signaling is lost. Pituitary DI can also result from trauma, tumors (both primary and secondary), granulomas, infections, inflammatory diseases, chemical toxins, congenital malformations, and genetic disorders.... | |
Bastio surgery for refractory LV hyperophy is:: (A) Patch repair, (B) MR repair, (C) Ventriculectomy, (D) Ventriculoplasty | Answer is C. Bentall&;s Operation For aoic root aneurysm repair Reimplantation of coronary ostia into composite graft Bastio surgery For Left Ventricular hyperophy Ventriculectomy is done Ref: Bailey 27th edition Pgno: 936 | |
Insulin decreases:: (A) Glucose uptake, (B) Glycogen synthesis, (C) Protein synthesis, (D) Lipolysis | Answer is D. Lipolysis | |
Obesity in a child of age 2 years is defined as:: (A) Weight for height more than double of expected, (B) Weight for age more than double of expected, (C) BMI >30, (D) BMI >95th percentile | Answer is D. d. BMI >95th percentile(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 307-315, Ghai 8/e p 528-529)Obesity in children is defined as BMI >95th percentile; Body mass index (BMI) is equal to weight/height2 (in kg/m2). | |
A 32-year-old male is a known hypertensive and is being planned for cholecystectomy. Which of the following anaesthetic agents is contraindicated in this person?: (A) Propofol, (B) Ketamine, (C) Midazolam, (D) Etomidate | Answer is B. Ans. (B) Ketamine(Ref: Katzung 11th/e p437; KDT 8th/e p411)Ketamine increases all pressures (blood pressure, intracranial tension, intraocular pressure) in the body. It is therefore intravenous anesthetic of choice for shock and should be avoided in hypertensive patients (increases blood pressure). Further... | |
Methysergide is banned as it causes ?: (A) Pulmonary fibrosis, (B) Pleural effusion, (C) Syncope, (D) Myocarditis | Answer is A. Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pulmonary fibrosis Methysergide It is chemically related to ergot alkaloids and antagonizes the action of serotonin on smooth muscles including that of blood vessels, withot producing ergot like effects. It is a potent 5HT2A/2C antagonist. It has been used for migraine prophylaxis, carcin... | |
Methylergometrine is used in the prophylaxis of: (A) Migraine, (B) Postpartum hemorrhage, (C) PIH, (D) None of the above | Answer is B. None | |
Dohlman's procedure is used for:: (A) Rectal prolapse, (B) Esophageal achalasia, (C) Cancer oesophagus, (D) Zenker's diverticulum | Answer is D. Ans. (d) Zenker's diverticulumRef: Sabiton 20th Edition, Page 1019* Dohlman Endoscopic stapling procedure is indicated for diverticulum >3cm size | |
Treatment of Bipolar disorder includes:: (A) Anti-depressant drugs, (B) Lithium carbonate, (C) ECT, (D) All | Answer is D. A, C, B i.e. Anti-depressant drugs, ECT, Lithium carbonate | |
Which of the following hallucinations is pathognomonic of schizophrenia -: (A) Auditory hallucinations commanding the patient, (B) Auditory hallucinations giving running commentry, (C) Auditory hallucinations criticizing the patient, (D) Auditory hallucinations talking to patient | Answer is B. Third person hallucinations, e.g. voices heard arguing, commenting or discussing the patient or giving a running commentary on one's action; are characteristic of schizophrenia. | |
A 9-year-old girl presents with menarche. History reveals thelarche at the age of 7 years and adrenarche at the age of 8 years- the M/C cause of this condition in girls is:: (A) Idiopathic, (B) Gonadal tumor, (C) Mc cure albright syndrome, (D) Hypothyroidism | Answer is A. Precocious pubey It is the appearance of appropriate secondary sexual charecters before the age of 8 years and occurance of menstruation before the age of 10 years The most common cause is constitutional(idiopathic -75% cases) due to premature activation of HPO Axis. SHAW&;S TEXTBOOK OF GYNAECOOGY,Pg no:56... | |
After an injury to an axon, the subsequent degeneration of all axonal fibres distal to the injury, all fibres proximal to the injury are unaffected, this type of degeneration is known as:: (A) Retrograde degeneration., (B) Wallerian degeneration., (C) Transneuronal degeneration., (D) None | Answer is B. None | |
Drug-induced colitis is most frequently associated with: (A) Neomycin, (B) Vancomycin, (C) Clindamycin, (D) Chloramphenicol | Answer is C. Clindamycin: This potent lincosamide antibiotic is similar in mechanism of action (inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosome) and spectrum of activity to erythromycin with which it exhibits paial cross resistance. Modification of the ribosomal binding site by constitutive methylase enzyme confi... | |
Refractive error concerned most commonly with divergent strasbismus is: September 2012, March 2013: (A) Myopia, (B) Astigmatism, (C) Hypermetropia, (D) Astigmatism | Answer is A. Ans. A i.e. Myopia | |
A 45 year old male has multiple grouped vesicular lesions present on the TN segment dermatome associated with pain. The most likely diagnosis is: (A) Herpes zoster, (B) Dermatitis herpetiformis, (C) Herpes simplex, (D) Scabies | Answer is A. Painful vesicles along the distribution of a dermatome suggest the diagnosis of Herpes zoster. | |
All are true about salivary gland tumor except:: (A) Parotid gland is most common site of involvement, (B) Warthin tumour almost always found in the parotid gland, (C) Minor gland tumours are mostly malignant, (D) Parotid tumours are mostly malignant | Answer is D. Ans: D (Parotid tumours...) Tumours of minor salivary glands are histologically similar to those of major glands; however, up to 90 per cent of minor salivary gland tumours are malignant"- L&B 26th/722'Warthin tumour (papillary cystadenoma Lymphomatosum): It arise almost alwaysQ in the parotid gland (the o... | |
Cold water is not used for ear cleaning because: (A) It will make the wax hard, (B) Damage to tympanic membrane, (C) Caloric stimulation caused by cold water, (D) It will cause infection | Answer is C. temperature for ear syringing - 370c because if you decrease or increase the temperature we can stimulate lateral semicircular canal in the middle ear and patient will have veigo and nystagmus (caloric stimulation ) | |
In selecting a screening test for a disease which of the following should not be considered?: (A) Cost of the test, (B) Efficacy of the treatment, (C) Knowledge of the physician about the disease, (D) Sufferings from disease to the people | Answer is C. None | |
A patient Secta is diagnosed to be having iron deficiency anemia. The agent that can be used to improve the absorption of iron is:: (A) Antacids, (B) Tetracyclines, (C) Phosphates, (D) Ascorbic acid | Answer is D. (Ref: KDT 6/e p582, 583) Substances improving the absorption of iron Substances improving the absorption of iron 1. Acid 1. Antacids 2. Reducing substances like ascorbic acid 2. Phosphates 3. Meat 3. Phytates 4. Tetracyclines 5. Food in the stomach | |
A 38 year old woman with a history of multiple sexual paners is most at risk for which of the following?: (A) Bladder carcinoma, (B) Cervical carcinoma, (C) Endometrial carcinoma, (D) Ovarian carcinoma | Answer is B. In a sense, cervical carcinoma can be considered a "sexually transmitted disease," since human papilloma virus (typically strains HPV-16 or HPV- 18) is transmitted venereally. In our culture, HPV-related dysplasia of the cervix is common, even in the 18-28 year old group, and carcinomas of the cervix (more... | |
A 60 year old male presented to the emergency with breathlessness, facial swelling and dilated veins on the chest wall. The most common cause is:: (A) Thymoma, (B) Lung cancer, (C) Hodgkin's lymphoma, (D) Superior vena caval obstruction | Answer is D. Answer is D (Superior Vena cava obsuction) : The patient in question is presenting with classical signs and symptoms of superior mediastinal syndrome or Superior vena caval syndrome. Lung cancer is the commonest cause of superior vana caval syndrome or SVC obstruction. As the options provided include super... | |
A boy is suffering from acute pyelonephritis. Most specific urinary finding will be -: (A) W.B.C. casts, (B) Leucocyte esterase test, (C) Nitrite test, (D) Bacteria in gram stain | Answer is A. Wbc casts are seen in- Interstitial nephritis Acute pyelonephritis Allograft rejection Malignant infiltration of the kidney. Rbc casts - GN vasculitis Malignant hypeension Thrombotic microangiopathy Granular casts- ATN GN vasculitis Tubulointerstitial nephritis. Ref:Harrison 20 th edition pg no. 2106 | |
Type of pontic indicated in the given case :: (A) Modified ridge lap pontic., (B) Ovate pontic., (C) Sanitary pontic., (D) Spheroidal pontic. | Answer is B. None | |
Delusion is not seen in -: (A) Depression, (B) Anxiety, (C) Schizophrenia, (D) Mania | Answer is B. None | |
High viscosity of saliva in children increases the incidence of caries: (A) Statement is true, (B) Statement is partially true, (C) Statement is false, (D) Statement is partially false | Answer is B. None | |
All of the following changes may be observed in a normal pregnancy, EXCEPT:: (A) Increase in blood viscosity, (B) Fall in serum iron concentration, (C) Increase in serum iron binding capacity, (D) Increase in blood oxygen carrying capacity | Answer is A. During pregnancy there is a dispropoionate increase in plasma and RBC volume which produces a state of hemodilution during pregnancy. During pregnancy plasma volume increases upto 50%. RBC volume increases to the extend of 20-30%. The advantages of hemodilution are: Diminished blood viscosity ensures optim... | |
"Double bubble" sign with absent distal bowel air shadows on X-ray abdomen is characteristic of: (A) Duodenal webs, (B) Duodenal atresia, (C) CHPS, (D) All of the above | Answer is B. Ans. b (Duodenal atresia) (Ref. Bailey and Love 26th/ 119)Duodenal atresia may take the form of a membrane or the proximal and distal duodenum may be completely separated. Prenatal ultrasound finds a 'double bubble' in the fetal abdo- men with polyhydramnios. There is an association with Down syndrome. Pos... |
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