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A patient having glaucoma develops blepharoconjunctivitis after instilling some anti-glaucoma drug. Which of the following drug can be responsible for it:: (A) Timolol, (B) Latanosprost, (C) Dipiverine, (D) Pilocarpine | Answer is A. Allergic blepharoconjunctivitis is a side effect of beta blockers. Ref: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology By K D Tripathi, 4th Edition, Page 95 | |
Standard in perimetry ?: (A) Goldman type I, (B) Goldman type II, (C) Goldman type III, (D) Goldman type IV | Answer is C. Ans. is 'c' i.e., Goldman type III Projected stimuli in perimetry are usually white and of variable size and intensity. There are five different sizes on Goldmann scale designated by Roman numeral Ito V. The standard used in both manual and automated perimetry is Goldman III (0.05" and area of 4mm2). o Fai... | |
Visual acuity in infants is tested with the help of: (A) Landolt's rings, (B) '4' dot test, (C) Perimeter, (D) Slit lamp | Answer is A. . | |
NOT a feature of hypothyroidism is ?: (A) Sho metacarpals in hands, (B) Delayed pubey, (C) Delayed bone age, (D) Altered upper and lower segment ratio | Answer is A. Ans. is 'a' i.e., Sho metacarpal in hands Hypothyroidism o Hypothyroidism results from deficient production of thyroid hormone or a defect in thyroid hormone receptor activity. o Hypothyroidism may be : - i) Congenital --> Present since bih ii) Acquired --> Symptoms appear after a period of apparently norm... | |
Dowry death is defined under section: (A) 304A IPC, (B) 304B, (C) 174Cr. P. C, (D) 176Cr. P. C | Answer is B. Dowry death is defined under section 304 B *According to this if husband or his relative subjects the woman to cruelty or harassment in demand of dowry within 7 years of marriage,they shall be deemed to have caused her death *The punishment for such cases is improvement for not less than 7 years,but may be... | |
Renal transplantation is most commonly done in -: (A) Chr. glomerulonephritis, (B) Bilateral staghorn calculus, (C) Horse shoe kidney, (D) Oxalosis | Answer is A. Renal transplantation is the preferred treatment for many patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD), because it provides a better quality of life for them than dialysis.
The most common causes of ESRD (in decreasing order) are:
Diabetes mellitus
Hypertension
Glomerulonephritis | |
All of the following are derived from glycerol 3 phosphate, EXCEPT:: (A) Phosphatidylcholine, (B) Phosphatidylethanolamine, (C) phosphatidylinosito, (D) None of the above | Answer is D. Impoant substances such as triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and cardiolipin, a constituent of mitochondrial membranes, are formed from glycerol-3-phosphate. Ref: Harper 28th edition, Chapter 24. | |
Which inhalational agent is used in patients with raised intra cranial tension?: (A) Enflurane, (B) Isoflurane, (C) Desflurane, (D) Sevoflurane | Answer is B. Isoflurane causes least vasodialation and hence helps to moderate the cerebral blood flow. It reduces the ICT and hence is useful in neurosurgery. It is more potent than halothane and has rapid onset of action and induction. Reference 1. Quick Review of Pharmacology, By Dr J G Buch, Page 204 | |
Which of the following statements about vigabatrin is TRUE?: (A) Blocks neuronal reuptake of GABA, (B) Drug of choice in absence seizures, (C) Life threatening skin disorders may occur, (D) Visual disturbances can occur | Answer is D. (Ref: KDT 6/e p410) Vigabatrin act by inhibiting the enzyme GABA transaminase (involved in breakdown of CABA). It is used for the treatment of paial and generalized seizures. It is also used to treat infantile spasms. Visual disturbances are very impoant adverse effect of this agent. | |
Which of the following is used to study current flow across a single channel:: (A) Patch clamp, (B) Voltage Clamp, (C) Iontophoresis, (D) Galvanometry | Answer is A. Patch clamp: measures ionic currents through a single ion channel. It has four configurations: Voltage clamp: whole cell voltage clamp measures currents across cell membranes. In using this apparatus, two electrodes are inseed into the nerve fiber. One of these electrodes is used to measure the voltage of ... | |
In children with type IDM when is ophthalmologic evaluation indicated: (A) At the time of diagnosis, (B) After 1 year, (C) After 2 years, (D) After 5 years | Answer is D. Ophthalmologic examination should be conducted once the child is >10 yr of age and has had diabetes for 3 -5 year. Annual follow up should suggest. Reference: OP Ghai,essential paediatrics,8 th edition, page no 546 | |
Which among the following is considered as a hallmark of the fibrogenic repair:: (A) Granulation tissue, (B) Neovascularization, (C) Neutrophilic infiltration, (D) All of the above | Answer is A. Granulation tissue is the hallmark of the fibrogenic repair. | |
Incubation period of influenza -: (A) 18 - 72 hrs, (B) 1 - 6 hrs, (C) 5 - 10 days, (D) < 1 hrs | Answer is A. None | |
A two–year–old boy is brought to emergency with severe anemia (Hb = 2 gm%) and features of congestive heart failure. The most appropriate immediate therapy for this boy would be –: (A) Packed cell transfusion, (B) Partial exchange transfusion, (C) Whole blood transfusion, (D) Parenteral iron injection | Answer is A. None | |
Parasympathetic supply to lacrimal glands are passed through -: (A) Lesser petorsal nerve, (B) Chorda tympani, (C) Greater petorsal nerve, (D) Lingual nerve | Answer is C. Ans. is 'c' i.e., Greater petrosal nerve o Secretomotor (parasympathetic) fibers to lacrimal gland travel through greater petrosal nerve.GangliaSensory rootSympathetic rootSecretomotor rootMotor rootDistributionCiliaryFrom nasociliary nervePlexus along ophthalmic artery-Edinger-Westphal nucleus - oculomoto... | |
Gold standard for reflux esophagitis is -: (A) Manometry, (B) Barium swallow, (C) 24 hours pH study, (D) X-ray abdomen | Answer is C. None | |
Quantity of current can be increased by: (A) Increased milliamperage, (B) Increased time, (C) Increased tube current, (D) All of the above | Answer is D. None | |
Samter's triad is related to -: (A) Ethmoid polyp, (B) Nasopharyngial, (C) Angiofibroma, (D) Nasal glioma | Answer is A. Ans, is 'a' i.e., Ethmoid polypSamter-s triado Samtef s triad is a medical condition consisting of asthma, aspirin sensitivity-, and nasal/ethmoidal polyposis. It occurs in middle age (twenties and thirties are the most common onset times) and may not include any allergies,o Most commonly the first symptom... | |
The most common cause of seizures in a patient of AIDS is: (A) Toxoplasmosis, (B) Cryptococcal meningitis, (C) Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy, (D) CNS lymphoma | Answer is A. Ans. is 'a' i.e., Toxoplasmosis Neurological manifestations of H.I.V. AIDS dementia complex (HIV encephalopathy) is a result of direct effects of HIV on CNS (not an oppounistic disease). It is subcoical dementia. Most common cause of seizures --> Toxoplasma Most common cause of meningitis --> Cryptococcus ... | |
Increased levels of alanine in serum after fasting is primarily due to:: (A) Net loss of muscle protein due to increased breakdown, (B) Leakage from cells due to membrane damage, (C) Renal dysfunction, (D) Decreased rate of gluconeogenesis | Answer is A. Ans. a. Met loss of muscle protein due to increased breakdown (Ref: Ganong 24/e p21)Increased levels of alanine in serum after fasting are primarily due to net loss of muscle protein due to increased breakdown."The quantity of carbohydrate normally stored in the entire body can supply the energy required f... | |
The thickness of the cornea is measured by using –: (A) Schiotz tonometer, (B) Keratometer, (C) Pachymeter, (D) Aesthesiometer | Answer is C. Pachymetry is used to measure thickness of cornea. | |
Which is not a substrate for gluconeogenesis?: (A) Alanine, (B) Fatty acid, (C) Pyruvate, (D) Lactate | Answer is B. Substrate for gluconeogenesis are: -glucogenic amino acids, lactate, glycerol, propionyl CoA Glucose cannot be produced from fatty acidRef: DM Vasudevan, 7th edition, page no: 120 | |
What does indicate in the following partograph indicators?: (A) Mild uterine contractions, (B) Moderate uterine contractions, (C) Strong uterine contractions, (D) Arrest of labor | Answer is B. Ans. B. Moderate uterine contractionsThe partograph is a graphical presentation of the progress of labor, and of fetal and maternal condition during labor.It is the best tool to help you detect whether labor is progressing normally or abnormally, and to warn you as soon as possible if there are signs of fe... | |
Fenton reaction leads to free radical generation when -: (A) Radiant energy is absorbed by water, (B) H202 is formed by myeloperoxidase, (C) Ferrous ion converted to ferric ion, (D) Nitric oxide is converted to peroxynitrite | Answer is C. Ans. is 'c' i.e., Ferrous ions converted to ferric ions o Free radicals are generated through Fenton's reaction.o In this reaction iron is converted from its ferrous to ferric form and a free radical is generated,o The effect of these reactive species relevant to cells injury include;Lipid peroxidation of ... | |
A 70 kg patient needs to be staed on nitroglycerine (NTG) infusion. A 5 ml ampoule contains 5 mg/ml NTG. One ampoule is added to normal saline and to make a total of 500 ml solution. Calculate the rate of infusion if NTG is required at a rate of 10 mcg/min. (1 micro drip = 60 drops/ml ): (A) 12 drops/min, (B) 14 drops/... | Answer is A. Dose to be given = 10 mcg/min As, one ampoule (5 ml) is mixed with normal saline to make 500 ml volume, Means 500 ml of solution contains = 5*5 = 25 mg NTG = 25000 mcg NTG 25mg -----500ml 1mg----500/25 10mcg -10*10 -3-----0.2ml So, we need to infuse 0.2 ml/min of the solution As, 1 ml = 60 drops So, 0.2 ml... | |
Methyl alcohol causes blindness by affecting which of the following structures?: (A) Retinal ganglion cells, (B) Nerve fibers, (C) Rods & Cones, (D) Rods only | Answer is A. Methyl alcohol is oxidized by alcohol dehydrogenase into formic acid and formaldehyde. Formic acid by inhibiting cytochrome oxidase is toxic to neurons especially retinal ganglion cells. In methanol poisoning vision loss begins 12 hours or more after ingestion and progress to complete blindness with unreac... | |
Pemberton’s sign is elicited: (A) Swallowing, (B) Raising of arms, (C) Extrusion of tongue, (D) Extension of neck | Answer is B. It is used for or large retrosternal goitres. | |
Most common part of larynx involved in TB -: (A) Anterior, (B) Posterior, (C) Middle, (D) Anywhere | Answer is B. Ans. is 4b' i.e., Posterior o Disease affects the posterior third of larynx more commonly than anterior part.o The parts affected in descending order of frequency are i) Interarytenoid fold, ii) Ventricular band, iii) Vocal cords,iv) Epiglottis.o Also see above explanation. | |
In Barter's Syndrome, what is seen-: (A) Metabolic acidosis, (B) Hypokalemia, (C) Hyperkalemia, (D) Decrease in urinary calcium | Answer is B. Ans. is 'b' i.e., Hypokalemia o In Bartter's syndrome the B.P. is low to normal despite increased level of aldosterone.Pathogenesis of Bartter Syndrome|Defect in sodium chloride and potasium transportin the ascending loop of henle|Loss of sodium and chloride|Volume contraction|Stimulation of Renin angioten... | |
A 6 months old child woke up in night, crying with ahdominal pain, which got relieved on passing red stool. What is the most likely diagnosis?: (A) Meckel's diverticulum, (B) Intussusception, (C) Malrotation, (D) Intestinal obstruction | Answer is B. Ans. b. Intussusception (Ref; Ghai 8/e p287; Sabiston 19/e p1851; Schwartz 9/e p1433-I434; Bailey 26/e 1184. 1187, 1193. 25/e p1191, 1196. 1198; Shackelford 7/e p1059-106)Most likely diagnosis in a 6 months old child, who woke up in night, crying with abdominal pain, which got relieved on passing red stool... | |
Moure's sign can be detected in: (A) Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, (B) Oropharyngeal carcinoma, (C) Postcricoid carcinoma, (D) Supraglottic carcinoma | Answer is C. Moure`s sign- Absence of Laryngeal click or crepitusClassical sign in post-cricoid malignancy.Bocca`s sign - is also an absence of post-cricoid click or crackle in cricoid malignancy.Ref: Hazarika; 3rd ed; Pg 534 | |
Which of the following is x-linked recessive: (A) G-6-PD deficiency, (B) Neurofibromatosis, (C) Thalassemia, (D) Alkaptonuria | Answer is A. Ans. is 'a' i.e., G-6-PD deficiency | |
Heamorrhagic external otitis media is caused by:: (A) Influenza, (B) Proteus, (C) Staphylococcus, (D) Streptococcus | Answer is A. Hemorrhagic external otitis media: (Otitis externa hemorrhagia) is caused by influenza virus. Characterised by formation of haemorrhagic bullae on tympanic membrane. Clinical features: severe pain and blood stained discharge. Treatment: Analgesics + antibiotics. | |
Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis detect:: (A) Heterocytotropic ab, (B) Wheal and flare reaction, (C) Atopy, (D) Cutaneous anaphylaxis | Answer is A. Ans. (a)Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis-in vivo method for detection of antibodies.Antigen injection intradermally then same antigen with a dye injected IV - after 4 to 24 hours - wheal flare reaction occurs in intradermal site.Helps to detect IgG ab which is heterocytotropic, not for IgM which is homocytotr... | |
Gout can be precipitated by all of the following: (A) Thiazides, (B) Furosemide, (C) Cyclosporine, (D) High dose salicylates | Answer is D. Ans. is 'd' i.e., High dose salicylates High dose Salicylates are uricosuric and do not cause Hyperuricemia. Diuretics including Thiazides and Furosemide are known to cause Hyperuricemia. Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus are also associated with Hyperuricemia. High Doses of Salicylates > 3.0 g/day are uricosuri... | |
All of the following feature may be seen in throm-botic thrombocytopenic purpura,except-: (A) Fever, (B) Haemolysis, (C) Hypertension, (D) Low platelets count | Answer is C. None | |
The lacrimal gland is located in a groove which is overlap by: (A) Levator palpebrae superioris muscle, (B) Lateral rectus, (C) Inferior oblique, (D) Superior oblique | Answer is A. None | |
Most common pox virus infection in human is -: (A) Smallpox, (B) Monkeypox, (C) Cowpox, (D) Mulluscum contagiosum | Answer is D. Ans. is 'd' i.e., Mulluscum contagiosum o Among the given options, smallpox (variola) virus and molluscum contagiosum affect human as their primary host.o Small pox has been eradicated,o Molluscum contagiosum is a common skin infection.Poxviruses causing disease in humansGenusVirusPrimary HostDisease Vario... | |
Wickham's striae are seen in: (A) Lichen planus, (B) Leukoplakia, (C) Leukoedema, (D) Erythema multiformae | Answer is A. None | |
True about immunoglobulins -: (A) IgE has minimum concentration, (B) IgG has minimum concentration, (C) IgA has minimum concentration, (D) IgM has minimum concentration | Answer is A. Of IgE is typically the least abundant isotype--blood serum IgE levels in a normal individual are only 0.05% of the Ig concentration Ref: Ananthanarayan & Panikers textbook of microbiology 9th edition pf:98 | |
Which of the following statements regarding ACE inhibitors is true?: (A) These inhibit the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin-1, (B) Omission of prior diuretic dose decreases the risk of postural hypotension, (C) Lisinopril is shorter acting than enalapril, (D) These are contra-indicated in diabetic patients. | Answer is B. Ans. (B) Omission of prior diuretic dose decreases the risk of postural hypotension(Ref: KDT 8th/e p531)Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI)*This group of drugs inhibits the enzyme kininase II or ACE. So, these drugs decrease the activity of RAAS and also potentiate the vasodilatory action of br... | |
N-MYC amplification is associated with: (A) Burkitt lymphoma, (B) Squamous cell ca lung, (C) Astrocytoma, (D) Neuroblastoma | Answer is D. None | |
Serous Demilunes are present in large number in which gland: (A) Parotid, (B) Submandibular, (C) Sublingual, (D) Pituitary | Answer is B. Serous demilunes are cellular formations in the shape of a half-moon on some salivary glands. It is a feature of mixed (seromucinous)glands like submandibular salivary glands. Theseare the serous cells at the distal end of mucous tubuloalveolar secretory unit of ceain glands. Type of glands: Parotid - sero... | |
Treatment of tetanus A/E-: (A) Clindamycin, (B) Doxycycline, (C) Metronidazole, (D) Penicillin | Answer is D. None | |
A 25-year-old student with 20/20 vision looks up from his book to view his girlfriend sitting on the other side of the room. Which of the following is most likely to occur when the student changes his view from his book to his girlfriend?: (A) Thicker lens, contraction of ciliary muscle, (B) Thicker lens, relaxation of... | Answer is D. Light rays from distant objects do not require as much refraction (bending) as do light rays from objects close at hand. Therefore, a thinner lens with less curvature is required for viewing distant objects. The process of accommodation adjusts the thickness of the lens for near and far vision by contracti... | |
Dilutional hyponatremia is seen in ?: (A) Addison's disease, (B) Vincristine, (C) Diuretic therapy, (D) Craniphyrangioma | Answer is B. Answer- B. VincristineAcute kidney injury (AKI) (ARF)CirrhosisNephrotic syndromeCardiac failureAnti cancer drugs | |
Indication for relining of complete denture include alt, expect: (A) Immediate denture at 3-6 months after their original construction, (B) Patient cannot afford new denture, (C) Abuse soft tissues are present, (D) When the construction of new dentures with the multiple appointment cause physical and mental stress | Answer is C. None | |
A 7 year old boy presented with generalized edema. Urine examination revealed marked albuminuria. Serum biochemical examinations showed hypoalbuminaemia with hyperlipidemia. Kidney biopsy was undeaken. On light microscopic examination, the kidney appeared normal. Electron microscopic examination is most likely to revea... | Answer is A. This is a case of minimal change disease(MCD) On biopsy-no lesion is seen by light microscopy, negative for deposits by immunofluorescent microscopy -so it is also called nil lesion. On electron microscopy -effacement of foot processes suppoing Glomerular cells(podocytes) with weakening of slit pore membra... | |
Yellow fever vaccination starts protection after how many days of injection -: (A) 5 days, (B) 10 days, (C) 15 days, (D) 20 days | Answer is B. None | |
Virchows method of organ removal is: (A) Organs removed en masse, (B) Organs removed one by one, (C) In situ removal, (D) Minimal invasive autopsy | Answer is B. METHOD OF REMOVAL OF ORGANS. Virchow's technique- Organs are removed one by one, Cranial cavity is exposed first, followed by thoracic,cervical and abdominal organs. Spinal cord is removed from the back. Rokitansky's technique- It involves in situ dissection in pa, combined with en block removal. Letulle's... | |
A 36-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital with severe head injuries after a car crash. During neurologic examination it is noted that her uvula is deviated to the right. Which of the following muscles is paralyzed?: (A) Left levator veli palatini, (B) Left tensor veli palatini, (C) Right levator veli palatini, (D... | Answer is A. The uvula would move toward the intact right side. This is because the intact levator veli palatini would be unopposed by the opposite, paralyzed left levator veli palatini. | |
All of the following occurs in adrenal deficiency except: (A) Hypoglycemia, (B) Hypocalcemia, (C) Hypotension, (D) Hyponatremia | Answer is B. None | |
Savita is 35 years female with Gravida-2 and parity 1+0 is suffering from hepatic encephalopathy. Likely cause will be -: (A) Hepatitis B, (B) Hepatitis E, (C) Hepatitis D, (D) Hepatitis A | Answer is B. Ans. is 'b' i.e. Hepatitis E (Ref. Dutta, 6/e, p 292 (5/e, p. 308), Robbins illustrated, 6/e, p. 862).Hepatitis E infection has a benign course in normal individuals just like hepatitis A but once it infects a pregnant female it shows its ugly face. It then causes fulminant hepatitis in a large % of pregna... | |
Which RNA has splicing activity: (A) m RNA, (B) mi RNA, (C) r RNA, (D) sn RNA | Answer is D. sn RNA (small nuclear RNA) acts as Ribozyme. (RNA with enzymatic activity) It has splicing activity and is involved in mRNA processing. | |
Which specimen shouldn't be refrigerated before primary innoculation?: (A) CSF, (B) Urine, (C) Sputum, (D) Pus | Answer is A. Ref: Ananthnarayan R. Paniker CKJ. Textbook of Microbiology. 8th Edition. Hyderabad: Universities Press; 2009. Pg. 332Explanation:Haemophilus influenzae is an important cause of meningitis.The disease is more common in children between two months and three years of age. Infections are caused by the capsula... | |
The Tongue:: (A) Separated from the epiglottis by glossoepiglottic folds, (B) Contains foramen caecum which is present on the dorsum of frenulum, (C) Contains 6 — 10 circumvallate papilla located posterior to sulcus terminals, (D) Embryologically derives from 1st branchial arch only | Answer is A. None | |
Glomular filtration rate increases if: September 2005: (A) Increased plasma oncotic pressure, (B) Decreased glomerular hydrostatic pressure, (C) Increased renal blood flow, (D) Increased tubular hydrostatic pressure | Answer is C. Ans. C: Increased renal blood flow GFR = Kf x Net filtration pressure Net filtration pressure represents the sum of the hydrostatic and colloid osmotic forces that either our/oppose filtration across glomerular capillaries Hydrostatic pressure inside the glomerular capillaries (PGC) - Promotes filtration H... | |
A 65-year-old woman undergoes a kidney transplant for CKD. 6 weeks after the transplant, she develops CMV infection characterized by fever, malaise, and myalgias. Which of the following is a potential sequela of CMV infection?: (A) Intra-abdominal abscess, (B) Pyelonephritis, (C) Cholecystitis, (D) GI ulcers & hemorrha... | Answer is D. Viral infections are the most common infection post transplantation. These include infections by cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus, and varicella zoster virus. CMV infections presents as fever, malaise, myalgia, ahralgia, and leukopenia. Organ involvement leads to pneumo... | |
Anterior lenticonus is found in –: (A) Lowe's syndrome, (B) William's syndrome, (C) Alport's syndrome, (D) Down's syndrome | Answer is C. Anterior lenticonus is seen in Alport's syndrome and posterior lenticonus is seen in Lowe's syndrome. | |
Procalcitonin is used as marker of: (A) Cardiac dysfunction in acute coronary syndrome, (B) Menstrual perodicity, (C) Pituitary function, (D) Sepsis | Answer is D. ref Harrison 18/e p3419 Procalcitonin is an acute phase reactant which is now useful for being a marker of sepsis Procalcitonin (PCT) is a biomarker that exhibits greater specificity than other proinflammatory markers (eg, cytokines) in identifying patients with sepsis and can beused in the diagnosis of ba... | |
If we say that here is no significant association between two variable and if truly an association exists. Then it is called:: (A) Type I error, (B) Type II error, (C) Systematic error, (D) Random error | Answer is B. Null hypothesis (H0) there is No significant association In the given question, In reality an association exists, So Null hypothesis is false We say no significant association exists, so we are accepting Null hypothesis Hence its Type II error | |
In case of hanging neck ligature marks are example of -: (A) Contusion, (B) Pressure abrasion, (C) Lacerration, (D) Bruise | Answer is B. The synopsis of forensic medicine & toxicology - Dr k.s.narayan reddy ;28th edition; Pg no. 105 Also called crushing or friction abrasion. The are caused by crushing of superficial layer of epidermis & are associated with bruise of the surrounding area . occurs when movement of instrument is around 90deg t... | |
A 23 year old male who is otherwise normal complains of mild pain in his right iliac fossa in a waveform pattern which increases during the night and he becomes exhausted and is admitted in the hospital. On examination there is mild hematuria. Urine examination reveals plenty of RBCs, 50WBCs/hpf. Urine pH is 5.5. Most ... | Answer is C. Ans. is 'c' ie. Ureteral calculus The patient's clinical picture is typical of ureteric calculus.Colicky renal pain associated with hematuria is suggestive of ureteric stone although a clot from a bleeding renal tumor can cause the same type of pain.A ureteric calculus pain is almost invariably associated ... | |
A 67-year-old, 60-kg homeless man has been in the intensive care unit (ICU) for a week after an emergency laparotomy and sigmoid resection for perforated diverticulitis. His serum albumin is 1.1 g/dL. He was just weaned from mechanical ventilation. His colostomy is not functioning. You start total parenteral nutrition ... | Answer is A. Rapid institution of full nutritional support can cause "refeeding syndrome" in malnourished patients. The hall mark of this condition is hypophosphatemia. Phosphate is taken up by phosphate-depleted cells trying to metabolize the nutrition and levels of ATP fall precipitously. This leads to respiratory fa... | |
All are USG findings of PCOS except: (A) >=20 Follicles which are <=9 mm in size in either ovary, (B) Ovarian Volume <=10 cc, (C) Necklace of pearl pattern of Follicles, (D) Thick Ovarian Stroma | Answer is B. Cysts arrange around the periphery of ovary giving Necklace of pearl appearance on USG is Characteristic of PCOD Rotterdam PCOS Diagnostic Criteria for PCOS diagnosis : The presence of two of the three criteria is sufficient to diagnosis PCOS: menstrual cycle anomalies (amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea), clinica... | |
Surfactant lining the alveoli: (A) Helps prevent alveolar collapse., (B) Is produced in alveolar type I cells and secreted into the alveolus., (C) Is increased in the lungs of heavy smokers., (D) Is a glycolipid complex. | Answer is A. The low surface tension when the alveoli are small is due to the presence in the fluid lining the alveoli of surfactant, a lipid surface-tension-lowering agent. If the surface tension is not kept low when the alveoli become smaller during expiration, they collapse in accordance with the law of Laplace. | |
Immersion syndrome occurs due to ?: (A) Vagal inhibition, (B) Vagal Stimulation, (C) Sympathetic stimulation, (D) Sympathetic inhibition | Answer is A. Ans. is 'a' i.e., Vagal inhibition Types of drowning Drowning is classified as (1) typical and (2) atypical. 1. Typical drowning (wet drowning) Typical drowning refers to obstruction of air passages and lungs by inhalation of water or other fluid. Therefore it is also called wet drowning and findings offlu... | |
True about anaplastic Ca of thyroid -a) Common in elderlyb) Surrounding neck tissues are freec) Lymphatic infiltration occursd) p53 mutation: (A) acd, (B) ad, (C) bc, (D) bde | Answer is A. None | |
Oesophagus supplied by oesophageal branches of all except: (A) Inferior thyroid aery, (B) Descending thoracic aery, (C) Left gastric aery, (D) Right gastric aery | Answer is D. Aerial Supply of esophagus:1. The cervical pa including the segment up to the arch of aoa is supplied by the inferior thyroid aeries.2. The thoracic pa is supplied by the oesophageal branches of the aoa.3.The abdominal pa is supplied by the oesophageal branches of the left gastric aery.Ref: BD Chaurasia; V... | |
Single best parameter to assess gestational age in first trimester?: (A) CRL (Crown Rump Length), (B) BPD (Biparietal diameter), (C) HC (Head Circumference), (D) FL (Femur Length) | Answer is A. Best parameter to assess gestational age- First trimester - CRL (Crown Rump Length) Second trimester - BPD (Biparietal Diameter) Third trimester - BPD (Biparietal Diameter) Best Overall - CRL (Crown Rump Length) | |
All are the features of an acute attack of primary narrow-angle glaucoma except:: (A) Intraocular pressure is raised up to 940-70 mm of Hg, (B) Eye is red, painful and tender, (C) Disc shows glaucomatous cupping, (D) Fellow eye also shows shallow anterior chamber | Answer is C. Ans. Disc shows glaucomatous cupping | |
All are true for sublingual route except ?: (A) Escape first pass metabolism, (B) All drugs can be given, (C) Action can be terminated any time, (D) Rapid absorption | Answer is B. Ans. is 'b' i.e., All drugs can be given Sublingual route of administration The tablet or pellet containing the drug is placed under the tongue or crushed in the mouth and spread over the buccal mucosa. Only the lipid soluble and non-irritating drugs can be administered by this route Absoption is rapid and... | |
Libmansach's endocaritis is associated with?: (A) Rheumatic heart disease, (B) SLE, (C) Carcinoma, (D) None | Answer is B. Ans. B. SLE. (Ref. Robbings pathology 8th/pg. 408).Robbin's pathology 8th/pg. 408# Libman-Sacks endocarditis refers to sterile vegetations that can develop on the valves of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Libman-Sacks Endocarditis# These lesions presumably occur because of immune complex deposit... | |
Epimers of glucose: (A) Mannose, (B) Glyceraldehyde, (C) Fructose, (D) None | Answer is A. When sugars are different from one another, only in configuration with regard to a single carbon atom, other than the reference carbon atom, they are called epimers. For example, glucose and mannose are an epimeric pair which differs only with respect to C2. Similarly, galactose is the 4th epimer of glucos... | |
Immediate treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy is:: (A) IV fluids, (B) Bisphosphonates, (C) Calcitonin, (D) Glucocorticoids | Answer is A. Ans. (A) IV fluids(Ref: Harrison 19th/610; KDt 8/e p370)Management of hypercalcemia of malignancyDrug of choiceBisphosphonatesImmediate treatmentIV fluids with furosemideFastest calcium lowering drugCalcitonin | |
Immunosuppressive drugs are less effective in which type of graft rejection ?: (A) Acute cellular rejection, (B) Acute humoral rejection, (C) Chronic rejection, (D) None of the above | Answer is B. Ans. is 'b' i.e., Acute humoral rejectionBecause most clinically available immunosuppressive drugs target T-cells, they or inefective in antibody mediated rejection". | |
Reinke crystals are found in: (A) Arrhenoblastoma, (B) Granulosa cell tumor, (C) Dysgerminoma, (D) Hilus cell tumor | Answer is D. Hilus cell tumor: Rare virilizing tumor Arises from cells in the ovarian hilum Presence of Reinke crystals in the cells is the distinguishing feature of leydig or interstitial cells of testis Ref: Shaw Gynecology 17e pg 449. | |
Combination of Nifedipine with what other tocolytic agent can potentially cause dangerous neuromuscular blockade.: (A) Terbutaline, (B) Magsulf, (C) Indomethacin, (D) Atosiban | Answer is B. Magnesium sulphate when used with nifedipine can cause neuromuscullar blockade that can interfere with pulmonary and cardiac function. | |
A 32 year old person comes to the hospital after 2 weeks of the onset of diarrhoea. Diagnosis of typhoid can be confirmed with: (A) Urine culture, (B) Stool culture, (C) Blood culture, (D) Widal test | Answer is D. Diagnosis done in
1st week - Blood culture
2nd week - Widal / Antibodies level
2rd week - Stool culture
4th week - Urine culture | |
Goodpasture's disease is characteraized by all except-: (A) Glomerulonephritish, (B) Leukocytoclastic vasculitis, (C) Presence ofantibodies to BM, (D) Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage | Answer is B. Goodpasture syndrome (GPS), also known as anti-glomerular basement membrane disease, is a rare autoimmune disease in which antibodies attack the basement membrane in lungs and kidneys, leading to bleeding from the lungs and kidney failure. It is thought to attack the alpha-3 subunit of type IV collagen, wh... | |
Best diagnosis for dissecting aoa is:: (A) CT scan, (B) MRI, (C) Angiography, (D) X-ray | Answer is B. Ans. MRI | |
Myocardial isonzyme of CK which is specific for myocardial infarction is: (A) CK-BB, (B) CK-MB, (C) CK-MM, (D) All of the above | Answer is B. within 4–6 hrs after development of acute MI, peaks during the 2nd day (4 fold rise) and disappears in 2–3 days. Other causes of total CK elevation:
1. Skeletal diseases – Polymyositis, Muscle dys- trophy, Myopathies
2. Electrical cardioversion
3. Skeletal muscle damage – trauma, convulsions, immobilisati... | |
The shape of septal cailage is:: (A) Triangular, (B) Quadrilateral, (C) Oval, (D) Hexagonal | Answer is B. The septal nasal cailage, (cailage of the septum or quadrangular cailage) is composed of hyaline cailage. It is somewhat quadrilateral in form, thicker at its margins than at its center, and completes the separation between the nasal cavities in front. | |
Duret hemorrhage is seen in?: (A) Brain, (B) Brain stem, (C) Eye, (D) Medulla | Answer is B. Ans. is 'b' i.e., Brain stem Duret hemorrhage is small areas of bleeding in the ventral and paramedian pas of the upper brain stem. Causes include acute trauma, edema following trauma, abscess or tumor | |
First step to be done in case of variceal bleeding-: (A) Blood transfusion, (B) IV Crystal]oides, (C) Endoscopy, (D) Somatostatin | Answer is B. Ans. is 'b' i.e., iv crystalloides Initial resuscitation is usually with isotonic crystalloid solutions. A minimum of 6 units of blood are typed and crossmatched for most patients. If PT is prolonged more than 3 seconds, fresh frozen plasma is a component of the resuscitation volume.Endoscopy to determine ... | |
Excessive sunlight exposure can cause: (A) BCC, (B) Melanom, (C) SCC, (D) Leukemia | Answer is C. None | |
Bishop scoring is done for ?: (A) Exchange transfusion in newborn, (B) Induction of labour, (C) Ventilation of Newborn, (D) Gestation of Newborn | Answer is B. Ans. is 'b' i.e., Induction of labour Bishop score, also Bishop's score, also known as cervix score is a pre-labor scoring system to assist in predicting whether induction of labor will be required. The total score is achieved by assessing the following five components on vaginal examination: Cervical dila... | |
The following condition of GB is precancerous -: (A) Cholesterosis, (B) Porcelain gall bladder, (C) Biliary atresia, (D) Choledochal cyst | Answer is B. Gallbladders containing stones or infectious agents develop cancer as a result of irritative trauma and chronic inflammation. Carcinogenic derivatives of bile acids also may play a role.
Porcelain gallbladder increases the risk of cancer.
Choledochal cysts predispose to stone formation, stenosis and strict... | |
In Diabetes, What happens to RQ:: (A) RQ always increases in Diabetes, (B) RQ increases & on giving Insulin it again decreases, (C) RQ always decreases in Diabetes, (D) RQ decreases & on giving Insulin it again increases | Answer is D. Respiratory Quotient (RQ) Calculation of RQ of Glucose (carbohydrates): Oxidation of glucose in body: C6H1206 + 602 - 6C02 + 6H20 So, RQ = 6/6 = 1 RQ VALUES for different food components: Carbohydrates - 1 Proteins - 0.8 Fats - 0.74 Mixed diet - 0.85 Brain - 0.97 - 0.99 RQ TELLS US Type of macromolecules u... | |
Which will the patient with following peripheral smear and X-ray spine present with?: (A) Hand Foot syndrome, (B) Black urine, (C) Elevated haptoglobin, (D) Splenomegaly with gall stones | Answer is A. Ref: Harsh Mohan, Textbook of Pathology, 7th ed. pg. 294-96The X-ray spine shows fish shaped vertebra with peripheral smear showing sickle shaped RBCs. The presence of sickling crisis lead to Hand-Foot syndrome is characterized by painful infarcts of the digits and dactylitis. | |
All form the boundaries of ovarian fossa, except ?: (A) Ureter, (B) Internal pudendal aery, (C) Obliterated umbilical aery, (D) Internal iliac aery | Answer is B. Each ovary lies in ovarian fossa an the lateral pelvic wall which is bounded :-i) Anteriorly : Obliterated umblical aeryii) Posteriorly : Ureter and internal iliac aery | |
Alzheimer's disease, which is involved?: (A) Frontal coex, (B) Coical atrophy of temporoparietal coex, (C) Frontal and parietal coex, (D) Occipital coex | Answer is B. Alzheimer's disease (AD), also referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually stas slowly and gradually worsens over time.It is the cause of 60-70% of cases of dementia.The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events.As the disease advances, ... | |
True about vit–D deficiency rickets –a) Vit. D3 given at a dose of 50–150 mg/dayb) X–ray knee joint is diagnosticc) Rickety rosary is tenderd) Increased chances of respiratory tract infectione) Hyponatrernia: (A) c, (B) bd, (C) ab, (D) ac | Answer is B. None | |
Dupuytren's contracture is seen in: (A) Peyronie's disease, (B) Hypospadias, (C) Epispadias, (D) Exostrophy | Answer is A. Dupuytren's contracture refers to localised thickening of palmar aponeurosis and later formation of nodules with severe permanent changes in metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints. It is often associated with the following conditions : * Plantar fasciitis 5%-Ledderhose's disease * Mediasti... | |
Laparoscopy - pressure in the abdomen of children -: (A) 2-6 mm Hg, (B) 8-12 mm Hg, (C) 14 - 18 mm Hg, (D) 20 - 24 mm Hg | Answer is B. Ans. is 'b' i.e., 8-12 mm Hg * The optimal intrabdominal pressure for laproscopy in children has been established to be between 8-12 mm Hg, with neonates tolerating lower pressures than elders. | |
It is true about H. Pylori that it -: (A) Is gram -ve spiral organism, (B) Is a protozoa, (C) Causes chronic gastritis in adults due to reinfection, (D) Treatment prevents gastric lymphoma | Answer is D. Ans. is 'd' i.e., Treatment prevent gastric lymphoma | |
A 12-year-old girl with the mood and emotional liability has a golden brown discoloration in descemet membrane. Most likely diagnosis is:: (A) Fabry's disease, (B) Wilson's disease, (C) Glycogen storage disease, (D) Acute rheumatic fever | Answer is B. b. Wilson's disease(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 1939-1940, Ghai 8/e p 320-321)KF ring in Wilson disease is due to deposition of Copper in the Descemet membrane layer of cornea. | |
Digitalis does not increase which parameter of heart-: (A) Force of contraction, (B) Myocordial contractility, (C) Myocardial oxygen demand, (D) Cardiac output | Answer is C. Ans. is 'c' i.e., Myocardial oxygen demand Effect of digitalis on hearto Main mechanism of action of digitalis is to increase in force of contraction of heart - a positive inotropic action.o Amongst given options, option d is the best choice - heart rate is decreased by digitalis and there is increase myoc... | |
Presbyopia occurs as a result of the following except: (A) Loss of elasticity of the capsule, (B) Sclerosis of lens fibres, (C) Reduced anterior movement of the lens, (D) Reduced contraction of the ciliary muscle | Answer is C. Presbyopia is multifactorial and is believed to result from poor ciliary muscle contraction with age and age-related sclerosis and loss of elasticity of the lens fibres and the lens capsule. | |
Schistosoma japanicum resides in -: (A) Vesical Plexus, (B) Splenic Vein, (C) Systemic Circulation, (D) Gall bladder | Answer is B. The adult worms of S.haematobium live primarily in the vesical and pelvic venous plexuses whereas S.japonicum and S.mansoni inhabit the superior mesentric vein and the inferior mesentric vein respectively (refer pgno:119 baveja 3 rd edition) |
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