text stringlengths 505 4.3k |
|---|
▁Elizabeth ▁Glas er , ▁co - found er ▁of ▁the ▁Elizabeth ▁Glas er ▁Ped iat ric ▁A ID S ▁Foundation ▁( EG P AF ). ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁he ▁res igned ▁from ▁the ▁full - time ▁U CLA ▁fac ulty , ▁and ▁established ▁a ▁private ▁practice ▁of ▁internal ▁medicine ▁and ▁clin ical ▁imm un ology . ▁In ▁the ▁period ▁ 1 9 8 1 - 1 9 8 7 ▁he ▁published ▁ 5 0 + ▁papers ▁on ▁various ▁aspects ▁of ▁H IV ▁in fection ▁and ▁treatment . ▁He ▁was ▁an ▁investig ator ▁on ▁the ▁early ▁clin ical ▁tri als ▁of ▁A Z T ▁that ▁led ▁to ▁appro val ▁by ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Food ▁and ▁D rug ▁Administration ▁( F DA ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 . ▁Gott lie b ▁was ▁the ▁principal ▁investig ator ▁on ▁a ▁$ 1 0 . 3 mill ion ▁National ▁Instit utes ▁of ▁Health ▁contract ▁for ▁an ▁A ID S ▁C lin ical ▁Tri als ▁Group ▁( ACT G ) ▁awarded ▁to ▁U CLA ▁to ▁test ▁potential ▁ther ap ies ▁for ▁H IV . ▁His ▁work ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁years ▁of ▁the ▁ep ide mic ▁is ▁chron ic led ▁in ▁R andy ▁Sh il ts ' ▁book ▁ ▁And ▁the ▁Band ▁Play ed ▁On . ▁ ▁A ID S ▁research ▁phil anth ropy ▁Gott lie b , ▁Elizabeth ▁Taylor , ▁and ▁Math ilde ▁K rim ▁were ▁found ing ▁ch airs ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Foundation ▁for ▁A ID S ▁Research . ▁The |
▁organization ▁was ▁established ▁with ▁a ▁$ 2 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁gift ▁from ▁the ▁estate ▁of ▁Rock ▁Hudson . ▁He ▁served ▁on ▁the ▁bo ards ▁of ▁A ID S ▁Project ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁( AP LA ), ▁the ▁Pas ad ena ▁A ID S ▁Services ▁Center ▁and ▁the ▁Global ▁A ID S ▁Inter fa ith ▁Alliance ▁( www . the ga ia . org ), ▁an ▁N GO ▁working ▁in ▁Mal aw i , ▁Africa . ▁He ▁is ▁currently ▁Medical ▁Ad visor ▁to ▁G A IA ▁and ▁to ▁the ▁Elizabeth ▁Taylor ▁A ID S ▁Foundation . ▁ ▁C lin ical ▁practice ▁Gott lie b ▁is ▁cert ified ▁with ▁the ▁American ▁Board ▁of ▁Medical ▁Special ties ▁in ▁In ternal ▁Medicine ▁and ▁All er gy ▁& ▁Im mun ology . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁affili ated ▁with ▁two ▁hosp it als , ▁C ed ars - S ina i ▁Medical ▁Center ▁and ▁the ▁Olymp ia ▁Medical ▁Center ▁where ▁he ▁is ▁Committee ▁Chair man ▁of ▁Bio eth ics . ▁He ▁continues ▁on ▁the ▁fac ulty ▁of ▁the ▁David ▁Ge ffen ▁School ▁of ▁Medicine ▁at ▁U CLA ▁with ▁the ▁rank ▁of ▁Associ ate ▁C lin ical ▁Professor ▁of ▁Medicine . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁Gott lie b ▁and ▁two ▁other ▁phys icians ▁were ▁sent ▁letters ▁of ▁repr im and ▁by ▁the ▁Medical ▁Board ▁of ▁California ▁for ▁" al leg edly ▁over - pres cri bing ▁controlled ▁subst ances " ▁to ▁actress ▁Elizabeth ▁Taylor . ▁He ▁attempted ▁to ▁dispute ▁the ▁Let ter ▁of ▁Re prim |
and ; ▁his ▁att orney ' s ▁request ▁was ▁rejected ▁by ▁the ▁Board . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁Gott lie b ▁was ▁induct ed ▁into ▁the ▁R ut gers ▁University ▁Hall ▁of ▁Dist ingu ished ▁Al umn i , ▁and ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁he ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Charles ▁Force ▁H utch ison ▁and ▁Mar jor ie ▁Smith ▁H utch ison ▁Medal ▁by ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Ro chester . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁he ▁joined ▁the ▁AP LA ▁Health ▁medical ▁team . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : J ew ish ▁American ▁phil anth rop ists ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁High land ▁Park , ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Category : American ▁imm un olog ists ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Ro chester ▁al umn i ▁Category : H IV / A ID S ▁research ers ▁Category : Date ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Lisa ▁U re ch ▁( born ▁ ▁July ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 8 9 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Swiss ▁track ▁and ▁field ▁ath lete ▁who ▁special ises ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 0 0 ▁metres ▁hur d les . ▁ ▁Compet ition ▁record ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Sw iss ▁female ▁hur d lers ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth |
▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁David ▁M . ▁Lee , ▁Jr . ▁( born ▁January ▁ 4 , ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁in ▁New ▁Orleans , ▁United ▁States ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁jazz ▁drum mer ▁and ▁composer . ▁ ▁Lee ▁played ▁professional ▁from ▁his ▁early ▁te ens , ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁bands ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Army ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 6 0 s . ▁Later ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁he ▁drum med ▁for ▁New ▁Orleans ▁soul ▁music ian ▁Will ie ▁Te e , ▁and ▁was ▁discovered ▁by ▁D iz zy ▁G illes pie ▁at ▁the ▁New ▁Orleans ▁Jazz ▁and ▁Heritage ▁Festival ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 , ▁when ▁he ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁band ▁of ▁George ▁French ▁on ▁Bour bon ▁Street . ▁That ▁same ▁year ▁he ▁founded ▁the ▁New ▁Orleans ▁Jazz ▁Work shop . ▁G illes pie ▁brought ▁Lee ▁into ▁his ▁band ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 ; ▁soon ▁after ▁he ▁worked ▁with ▁Roy ▁Ay ers ▁( 1 9 7 1 ) ▁and ▁Son ny ▁Roll ins ▁( 1 9 7 2 - 1 9 7 5 ). ▁Lee ▁subsequently ▁worked ▁with ▁Joe ▁Z aw in ul , ▁L on nie ▁List on ▁Smith , ▁Joe ▁Williams , ▁Charlie ▁R ouse , ▁Leon ▁Thomas , ▁Ch et ▁Baker , ▁Mike ▁Long o , ▁Gary ▁Bur ton , ▁Larry ▁C ory ell , ▁Gr ady ▁G aines , ▁Richard ▁Wy ands ▁and ▁Hugh ▁Law son . ▁In ▁ |
1 9 7 3 , ▁he ▁recorded ▁the ▁solo ▁album ▁E volution ▁( Super nal ), ▁with ▁Bob ▁Cr ans h aw ▁and ▁George ▁Davis ▁as ▁guest ▁mus icians . ▁His ▁compos itions ▁are ▁influenced ▁by ▁Baby ▁D od ds , ▁Paul ▁Bar bar in , ▁and ▁Max ▁Ro ach . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁he ▁played ▁in ▁New ▁Orleans , ▁among ▁others , ▁with ▁Ger ma ine ▁B azz le ▁and ▁Ell is ▁Mars alis . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : American ▁jazz ▁drum mers ▁Category : American ▁jazz ▁compos ers ▁Category : M ale ▁jazz ▁compos ers ▁Category : J azz ▁mus icians ▁from ▁New ▁Orleans ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁drum mers ▁Category : American ▁male ▁drum mers ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁male ▁mus icians <0x0A> </s> ▁Joseph ▁Cup itt ▁( 2 5 ▁September ▁ 1 8 6 7 ▁— ▁ 6 ▁May ▁ 1 9 3 2 ) ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁cr ick eter ▁who ▁played ▁first - class ▁cr icket ▁for ▁Derby shire ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 5 . ▁ ▁Cup itt ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Bar row ▁Hill , ▁Derby shire , ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Thomas ▁Cup itt , ▁a ▁coal ▁min er , ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁Sus ann ah . ▁Cup itt ▁himself ▁became ▁a ▁min er . ▁He ▁played ▁for ▁Derby shire ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 9 2 ▁season ▁and |
▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 9 3 ▁season ▁when ▁the ▁club ▁was ▁outside ▁the ▁championship . ▁Tw elve ▁years ▁later ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁season ▁he ▁made ▁his ▁first - class ▁debut , ▁against ▁Es sex ▁in ▁May . ▁He ▁took ▁one ▁w icket ▁in ▁the ▁match , ▁that ▁of ▁future ▁Test ▁cr ick eter ▁Claude ▁Buck en ham , ▁though ▁Derby shire ▁lost ▁the ▁match ▁by ▁an ▁inn ings ▁margin , ▁in ▁part ▁thanks ▁to ▁a ▁first - class ▁best ▁ 2 7 7 ▁runs ▁from ▁Charlie ▁McG a he y . ▁His ▁second ▁and ▁final ▁first - class ▁appearance ▁came ▁the ▁following ▁month , ▁against ▁North am pt ons hire , ▁against ▁whom , ▁he ▁took ▁two ▁w ick ets ▁but ▁scored ▁just ▁a ▁single ▁run ▁in ▁two ▁inn ings . ▁ ▁Cup itt ▁was ▁a ▁left - arm ▁medium - pace ▁bow ler ▁and ▁took ▁three ▁first - class ▁w ick ets ▁at ▁an ▁average ▁of ▁ 4 8 . 3 3 ▁and ▁a ▁best ▁performance ▁of ▁ 2 ▁for ▁ 2 4 . ▁He ▁batt ed ▁in ▁four ▁inn ings ▁in ▁two ▁first - class ▁matches ▁at ▁an ▁average ▁of ▁ 9 . 5 ▁and ▁a ▁top ▁score ▁of ▁ 1 3 . ▁ ▁Cup itt ▁died ▁in ▁South ▁Kirk by , ▁York shire ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 6 4 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 6 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 3 2 ▁death s ▁Category : English ▁cr ick |
eters ▁Category : Der by shire ▁cr ick eters <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Olympic ▁Park ▁( F rench : ▁Par c ▁olymp ique ) ▁is ▁a ▁district ▁in ▁Montreal , ▁Quebec , ▁Canada , ▁which ▁was ▁home ▁to ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁ven ues ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁bound ▁by ▁Sher bro oke ▁Street ▁to ▁the ▁west , ▁Via u ▁Street ▁to ▁the ▁north , ▁Pierre ▁de ▁Cou bert in ▁Avenue ▁to ▁the ▁east , ▁and ▁Pie - IX ▁Bou lev ard ▁to ▁the ▁south . ▁ ▁Struct ures ▁in ▁the ▁district ▁include ▁the : ▁ ▁Olympic ▁Stadium ▁B iod ome ▁( Origin ally ▁the ▁Olympic ▁Vel od rome ) ▁Olympic ▁Athlet es ' ▁Village ▁Maurice ▁Richard ▁Arena ▁( O lymp ic ▁host ▁of ▁box ing ▁and ▁wrest ling ▁events ) ▁Pierre ▁Char bon ne au ▁Centre ▁( O lymp ic ▁host ▁of ▁wrest ling ) ▁Olympic ▁Pool ▁( O lymp ic ▁host ▁of ▁sw imming ▁events ) ▁Additionally : ▁S ap uto ▁Stadium , ▁Fam ous ▁Play ers ' ▁St arc ité ▁the ater , ▁and ▁the ▁Montreal ▁Metro ▁stations ▁Pie - IX ▁and ▁Via u ▁ ▁Ad j acent ▁to ▁the ▁park ▁across ▁Sher bro oke ▁Street ▁is ▁Mais onne uve ▁Park , ▁which ▁contains ▁the ▁Montreal ▁Botan ical ▁Garden ▁( O lymp ic ▁host ▁of ▁Athletics ▁( 2 0 km ▁walk ) ▁and ▁Modern ▁pent ath lon ) ▁and ▁Montreal ▁In sect arium . ▁ ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 7 |
, ▁an ▁area ▁in ▁the ▁park ▁that ▁was ▁once ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁" The ▁Place ▁des ▁V ain que urs ," ▁was ▁renamed ▁" Place ▁Nad ia ▁Com ane ci " ▁in ▁honour ▁of ▁the ▁Roman ian ▁g ymn ast . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : V en ues ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : Mer cier – H och el aga - M ais onne uve ▁Category : Ne igh bour hood s ▁in ▁Montreal ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁Park s <0x0A> </s> ▁Ro chester ▁High ▁School ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁Ro chester ▁Hills , ▁Michigan , ▁United ▁States , ▁and ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Ro chester ▁Community ▁School s . ▁It ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 3 , ▁and ▁classes ▁have ▁been ▁held ▁in ▁the ▁current ▁facility ▁since ▁ 1 9 5 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁school ▁mas cot ▁is ▁Fred die ▁the ▁Fal con . ▁Most ▁students ▁att ending ▁this ▁school ▁come ▁from ▁Re uther ▁Middle ▁School , ▁West ▁Middle ▁School , ▁or ▁Holy ▁Family ▁Regional ▁School . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 8 9 , ▁Ro chester ' s ▁first ▁high ▁school , ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁" A cademy ▁on ▁the ▁Hill ", ▁was ▁built ▁on ▁Four th ▁and ▁Wil co x ▁in ▁the ▁( then ) ▁Village ▁of ▁Ro chester ▁for ▁$ 8 , 0 0 0 . ▁The ▁first ▁class ▁graduated ▁from ▁Ro chester ▁High ▁School ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 6 . ▁The ▁historic |
▁structure ▁still ▁exists , ▁long ▁since ▁adapted ▁and ▁widely ▁renov ated ▁for ▁Board ▁of ▁Education ▁offices ▁and ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁other ▁uses . ▁ ▁Ro chester ▁High ▁acc red itation ▁was ▁granted ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 4 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 5 , ▁ground bre aking ▁for ▁a ▁new ▁building ▁at ▁the ▁current ▁location ▁on ▁the ▁corner ▁of ▁Liver no is ▁and ▁Wal ton ▁in ▁Ro chester ▁Hills ▁took ▁place ▁and ▁on ▁October ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 1 9 5 6 , ▁students ▁walked ▁from ▁the ▁" A cademy ▁on ▁the ▁Hill " ▁to ▁the ▁new ▁Ro chester ▁High ▁School , ▁many ▁carrying ▁their ▁books ▁along ▁with ▁them . ▁The ▁g ymnasium ▁was ▁added ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 7 . ▁The ▁two - story ▁wing ▁( f resh man ▁hall way ) ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 1 . ▁The ▁aud itor ium , ▁the ▁bridge ▁( a . k . a . ▁Fal con ▁Fre ew ay ), ▁and ▁the ▁sw imming ▁pool ▁were ▁added ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 5 . ▁The ▁school ▁split ▁to ▁a ▁half - day ▁schedule ▁to ▁accommod ate ▁the ▁growing ▁student ▁population ▁while ▁Ro chester ▁Adams ▁High ▁School ▁was ▁being ▁built ▁and ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 0 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁the ▁m all ▁en closure , ▁media ▁center , ▁c af eter ia , ▁and ▁auxili ary ▁g ym ▁were ▁added . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁a ▁cour |
ty ard ▁was ▁converted ▁into ▁four ▁class rooms . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁the ▁metal ▁shop ▁was ▁converted ▁into ▁two ▁class rooms . ▁ ▁A ▁complete ▁renov ation ▁of ▁Ro chester ▁High ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁which ▁included ▁up gr ades ▁to ▁the ▁main ▁office , ▁coun sel ing ▁offices , ▁▁ ▁weight ▁room , ▁pool , ▁g ymnasium , ▁the ▁addition ▁of ▁computer ▁l abs ▁and ▁phot ography ▁lab , ▁the ater ▁and ▁vocal ▁area , ▁additional ▁science ▁l abs , ▁new ▁lo cker ▁banks , ▁an ▁en hanced ▁cour ty ard ▁with ▁green ▁house , ▁and ▁a ▁new ▁aud itor ium ▁and ▁the ater ▁areas . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁the ▁school ▁organized ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁mur als ▁and ▁art work ▁displays ▁within ▁the ▁building ' s ▁hall ways ▁to ▁show case ▁student ▁accomplish ments ▁and ▁school ▁spirit . ▁ ▁The ▁school ▁began ▁a ▁new ▁round ▁of ▁renov ations ▁in ▁the ▁fall ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁after ▁the ▁renew ing ▁of ▁the ▁fund ing ▁bond . ▁Ren ov ations ▁included ▁a ▁new ▁football ▁and ▁s occer ▁stad ium ▁and ▁updates ▁to ▁the ▁athlet ic ▁wing ▁and ▁the ater . ▁ ▁Notable ▁al umn i ▁ ▁Por cel ain ▁Black , ▁n ée ▁A la ina ▁Be aton , ▁pop ▁singer ▁▁ ▁Jim ▁Bur ton , ▁former ▁ML B ▁player ▁( B oston ▁Red ▁So x ) ▁ ▁Paul ▁Davis , ▁former ▁NBA ▁player ▁( Los ▁Angeles ▁C |
li ppers ) ▁ ▁Andrew ▁Good , ▁Major ▁League ▁Baseball ▁pitch er ▁ ▁Robert ▁Hur st , ▁jazz ▁bass ist ▁ ▁Andrew ▁H utch inson , ▁National ▁Hockey ▁League ▁def ens eman ▁ ▁Brian ▁K es el owski , ▁NAS C AR ▁stock ▁car ▁driver ▁ ▁Walker ▁Russell , ▁Jr ., ▁NBA ▁player ▁for ▁the ▁Detroit ▁P ist ons ▁ ▁L . ▁J . ▁Sh el ton , ▁National ▁Football ▁League ▁off ensive ▁tack le ▁ ▁James ▁Young , ▁Current ▁NBA ▁player ▁for ▁the ▁Mil w au kee ▁Buck s ▁▁ ▁Brad ▁K es el owski , ▁Mon ster ▁Energy ▁NAS C AR ▁Cup ▁Series ▁driver ▁ ▁References ▁http :// www . ro chester . k 1 2 . mi . us / index . aspx ? item = 1 4 4 & name = About % 2 0 Us & school = 2 5 ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁Site ▁ ▁Category : Public ▁high ▁schools ▁in ▁Michigan ▁Category : E du c ational ▁institutions ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁Category : High ▁schools ▁in ▁Oak land ▁County , ▁Michigan ▁Category : 1 9 5 5 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Michigan ▁Category : Sch ools ▁in ▁Ro chester ▁Hills , ▁Michigan <0x0A> </s> ▁N ang p ai ▁G os um ▁Gla cier ▁is ▁a ▁gla cier ▁located ▁ 2 5 km ▁west ▁north west ▁of ▁Mount ▁Ever est ▁in ▁the ▁H imal ay as ▁of ▁Nep al . ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁at ▁lat ▁ 2 8 ° 0 2 ′ |
N ., ▁long ▁ 8 6 ° 3 6 ′ E . ▁The ▁ice - core ▁dr illing ▁site ▁is ▁situated ▁at ▁ 5 , 7 0 0 ▁m ▁above ▁mean ▁sea ▁level . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁a ▁ 3 7 - m ▁ice ▁core ▁was ▁extracted ▁from ▁the ▁gla cier ▁by ▁Camer on ▁P . ▁W ake ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁New ▁Ham pshire ▁and ▁transport ed ▁to ▁the ▁university ▁for ▁analysis . ▁At ▁the ▁request ▁of ▁the ▁US GS ▁study ▁team , ▁rad ion uclide ▁anal ys es ▁were ▁performed ▁for ▁ 3 6 Cl ▁and ▁ 1 3 7 C s ▁on ▁selected ▁sections ▁of ▁the ▁ice ▁core ▁by ▁Hans - Ar no ▁Syn al ▁at ▁the ▁Paul ▁Sch er rer ▁Institut ▁( P SI ) ▁in ▁Vill igen , ▁Switzerland . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : G la ci ers ▁of ▁Nep al <0x0A> </s> ▁Ne vo ▁Z is in ▁is ▁a ▁non - binary ▁Australian ▁writer ▁and ▁trans gender ▁rights ▁activ ist . ▁ ▁Ass igned ▁female ▁at ▁birth , ▁Z is in ▁initially ▁came ▁out ▁as ▁a ▁les bian ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 5 , ▁became ▁a ▁que er ▁activ ist , ▁and ▁appeared ▁in ▁a ▁document ary ▁about ▁gay ▁te ens , ▁Love ▁in ▁Full ▁Col our . ▁Z is in ▁strugg led ▁with ▁anx iety ▁and ▁de pression ▁while ▁st riv ing ▁to ▁fit ▁in ▁at ▁school . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 7 , ▁Z is |
in ▁began ▁transition ing ▁to ▁male . ▁The ▁teachers ▁at ▁Z is in ' s ▁private ▁Jewish ▁school ▁were ▁support ive ▁of ▁the ▁transition . ▁Z is in ▁started ▁test oster one ▁ther apy ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁during ▁a ▁gap ▁year ▁trip ▁to ▁Israel . ▁Later , ▁they ▁came ▁to ▁identify ▁as ▁non - binary , ▁and ▁prefer ▁gender - neut ral ▁singular ▁they ▁pron oun s . ▁ ▁Z is in ▁was ▁featured ▁in ▁a ▁teaching ▁guide ▁produced ▁by ▁Sa fe ▁School s ▁Co al ition ▁Australia . ▁They ▁were ▁target ed ▁for ▁this ▁by ▁the ▁Australian ▁Christian ▁Lob by , ▁and ▁f als ely ▁accused ▁of ▁prom oting ▁sex ▁re ass ignment ▁surg ery ▁for ▁min ors ▁without ▁parent al ▁consent . ▁ ▁In ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Z is in ▁published ▁a ▁book ▁about ▁their ▁gender ▁transition ▁and ▁other ▁life ▁experiences , ▁F inding ▁Ne vo : ▁How ▁I ▁Conf used ▁Every one . ▁The ▁Can ber ra ▁Times ▁described ▁the ▁book ▁as ▁" imp act ful " ▁and ▁" an ▁en rich ing , ▁worth while ▁read ▁for ▁everyone ". ▁The ▁Br is b ane ▁Times ▁said ▁that ▁the ▁book ▁" le aves ▁the ▁reader ▁with ▁a ▁deeper ▁understanding ▁of ▁the ▁arbitr ar iness ▁of ▁binary ▁gender ▁divisions ▁and ▁how ▁they ▁box ▁us ▁all ▁in ." ▁ ▁Publications ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 s ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Activ ists ▁from ▁Melbourne ▁Category |
: Non - binary ▁writers ▁Category : L GB T ▁rights ▁activ ists ▁from ▁Australia ▁Category : Trans gender ▁rights ▁activ ists ▁Category : L GB T ▁writers ▁from ▁Australia <0x0A> </s> ▁Johnson ▁Creek ▁is ▁a ▁cre ek ▁and ▁trib ut ary ▁of ▁the ▁Tr inity ▁River ▁waters hed ▁in ▁Dallas ▁County ▁and ▁T arr ant ▁County , ▁North ▁Texas . ▁ ▁The ▁cre ek ▁may ▁be ▁named ▁after ▁Middle ton ▁T ate ▁Johnson , ▁who ▁settled ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 8 4 0 s . ▁ ▁Cour se ▁Johnson ▁Creek ▁r ises ▁near ▁Inter state ▁ 2 0 ▁in ▁eastern ▁T arr ant ▁County ▁and ▁runs ▁n ort he aster ly ▁for ▁ ▁to ▁the ▁West ▁F ork ▁of ▁the ▁Tr inity ▁River ▁in ▁Grand ▁Pra irie , ▁within ▁Dallas ▁County . ▁ ▁The ▁cre ek ▁flows ▁through ▁the ▁cities ▁of ▁Ar ling ton ▁and ▁Grand ▁Pra irie ▁and ▁is ▁generally ▁completely ▁bounded ▁by ▁development . ▁ ▁Not ably ▁it ▁flows ▁through ▁the ▁Six ▁Fl ags ▁Over ▁Texas ▁theme ▁park ▁and ▁beside ▁Glo be ▁Life ▁Park ▁( a ▁wide ▁spot ▁on ▁the ▁north ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁ball park ▁is ▁named ▁Mark ▁Hol tz ▁Lake ▁in ▁memory ▁of ▁the ▁former ▁baseball ▁announ cer ), ▁while ▁a ▁trib ut ary ▁flows ▁along ▁the ▁southern ▁edge ▁of ▁The ▁University ▁of ▁Texas ▁at ▁Ar ling ton . ▁ ▁E col ogy ▁In ▁areas ▁where ▁development ▁has ▁not ▁been ▁substantial , ▁native ▁h one ys uck le ▁( L onic era ▁s pp |
.), ▁tr ump et ▁cre eper ▁( Cam ps is ▁rad icans ), ▁must ang ▁gra pe ▁( V itis ▁must ang ensis ), ▁American ▁El m ▁( U l mus ▁amer icana ), ▁hack berry ▁( C elt is ▁la ev ig ata ), ▁o ak ▁( Qu erc us ▁s pp .), ▁pec an ▁( C ary a ▁ill ino in ensis ), ▁and ▁eastern ▁cot ton wood ▁( Pop ulus ▁del to ides ) ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁growing ▁along ▁the ▁rip arian ▁zone ▁of ▁the ▁cre ek ' s ▁banks . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁rivers ▁of ▁Texas ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁Texas ▁Category : Tr inity ▁River ▁( Tex as ) ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁Dallas ▁County , ▁Texas ▁Category : B od ies ▁of ▁water ▁of ▁T arr ant ▁County , ▁Texas <0x0A> </s> ▁Crown ▁of ▁Sh adows ▁is ▁a ▁fant asy ▁novel ▁by ▁American ▁writer ▁C . S . ▁Fried man , ▁first ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Cold fire ▁Tr il ogy . ▁ ▁Plot ▁summary ▁Dam ien ▁and ▁T arr ant ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁west ▁and ▁J agg on ath , ▁where ▁they ▁agree ▁to ▁work ▁together ▁long ▁enough ▁to ▁kill ▁Cal esta . ▁Dam ien ▁disco vers ▁that ▁the ▁Patri arch ▁of ▁the ▁Church , ▁who ▁is ▁firm ly ▁against ▁sor c ery , ▁is ▁actually ▁an ▁A de pt ▁himself . ▁T arr ant ▁further ▁stra ins |
▁relations ▁with ▁the ▁Un named ▁by ▁reve aling ▁this ▁fact ▁to ▁the ▁Patri arch , ▁and ▁is ▁drag ged ▁off ▁to ▁Hell ▁for ▁his ▁p ains . ▁Dam ien ▁convin ces ▁another ▁I ez u , ▁K arr il , ▁to ▁lead ▁him ▁through ▁T arr ant ' s ▁personal ▁Hell ▁to ▁the ▁Un named , ▁where ▁he ▁b arg ains ▁for ▁the ▁A de pt ' s ▁life . ▁The ▁Un named ▁agre es , ▁on ▁the ▁condition ▁that ▁its ▁contract ▁with ▁T arr ant ▁will ▁be ▁broken ▁in ▁thirty - one ▁days . ▁If ▁the ▁Hunter ▁has ▁not ▁found ▁another ▁way ▁to ▁sust ain ▁his ▁imm ort al ▁life ▁by ▁then , ▁he ▁will ▁die . ▁The ▁Patri arch , ▁already ▁dis ple ased ▁at ▁Dam ien ' s ▁saving ▁T arr ant ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁in ▁the ▁R akh lands , ▁comes ▁extremely ▁close ▁to ▁casting ▁him ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁priest hood . ▁In ▁the ▁end , ▁however , ▁it ▁is ▁Dam ien ▁who ▁cho oses ▁to ▁no ▁longer ▁be ▁a ▁priest , ▁because ▁his ▁faith ▁has ▁been ▁question ed ▁too ▁much ▁by ▁the ▁Hunter , ▁by ▁himself , ▁even ▁by ▁the ▁Patri arch . ▁Ger ald ▁T arr ant , ▁on ▁the ▁other ▁hand , ▁has ▁found ▁a ▁way ▁to ▁destroy ▁an ▁I ez u : ▁feed ▁it ▁with ▁the ▁opposite ▁em otion ▁it ▁normally ▁th riv es ▁on . ▁K arr il , ▁who ▁lives ▁off ▁Ple asure , ▁can ▁also ▁accept ▁P ain , ▁but ▁A |
path y ▁will ▁destroy ▁him . ▁Cal esta , ▁who ▁emb od ies ▁sad ism , ▁can ▁only ▁be ▁destroyed ▁by ▁Al tr u ism - ▁the ▁ult imate ▁sacrifice , ▁which ▁T arr ant , ▁amaz ingly , ▁is ▁willing ▁to ▁pay . ▁▁ ▁The ▁pair ▁make ▁their ▁way ▁to ▁Mount ▁Sh ait an , ▁a ▁Vol cano ▁ex ud ing ▁an ▁amaz ing ▁amount ▁of ▁earth ▁fa e . ▁T arr ant ▁force fully ▁bind s ▁Cal esta ▁by ▁showing ▁the ▁depth ▁of ▁his ▁sad ism , ▁then ▁sacrific ing ▁himself , ▁despite ▁his ▁belief ▁he ▁could ▁still ▁have ▁lived ▁forever , ▁killing ▁Cal esta ▁by ▁expos ing ▁him ▁to ▁pure ▁al tr u ism . ▁By ▁this ▁point , ▁however , ▁the ▁I ez u ' s ▁mother ▁has ▁been ▁introduced . ▁She ▁created ▁her ▁children ▁by ▁taking ▁emot ions ▁from ▁human ▁be ings - ▁in ▁K arr il ' s ▁father ' s ▁case , ▁pleasure , ▁in ▁Cal esta ' s , ▁sad ism . ▁She ▁takes ▁away ▁Ger ald ▁T arr ant ' s ▁Hunter , ▁the ▁part ▁of ▁him ▁that ▁lives ▁off ▁pain ▁and ▁fear , ▁creating ▁the ▁I ez u ▁R iven ▁For rest . ▁In ▁the ▁process , ▁she ▁shock s ▁him ▁back ▁to ▁life - ▁human ▁life . ▁The ▁Ne oc ount ▁of ▁Mer ent ha ▁has ▁been ▁given ▁a ▁second ▁chance . ▁However , ▁all ▁is ▁not ▁well ▁back ▁in ▁the ▁forest . ▁In ▁the ▁second ▁book , ▁readers ▁learned ▁that ▁T |
arr ant ▁had ▁not ▁killed ▁all ▁of ▁his ▁children ▁when ▁he ▁made ▁the ▁sacrifice ▁to ▁the ▁Un named - ▁he ▁let ▁his ▁el dest ▁son ▁live . ▁▁ ▁Now , ▁after ▁many ▁gener ations , ▁And rys ▁T arr ant ▁has ▁joined ▁with ▁the ▁Patri arch ▁in ▁a ▁campaign ▁of ▁ven ge ance . ▁Ger ald ▁and ▁Dam ien ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁Forest ▁secret ly , ▁but ▁are ▁acc ost ed ▁by ▁And rys ▁in ▁the ▁library , ▁where ▁they ▁are ▁trying ▁to ▁rescue ▁the ▁Hunter ' s ▁I ez u ▁notes ▁from ▁the ▁destruction . ▁Know ing ▁he ▁is ▁about ▁to ▁die ▁again , ▁Ger ald ▁sends ▁Dam ien ▁from ▁the ▁room . ▁And rys ▁emer ges ▁outside ▁minutes ▁later ▁with ▁the ▁Hunter ' s ▁sever ed ▁head . ▁Ger ald ▁T arr ant ' s ▁original ▁sacrifice , ▁however , ▁has ▁changed ▁the ▁nature ▁of ▁the ▁fa e , ▁so ▁now ▁any ▁human ▁willing ▁to ▁work ▁it ▁must ▁also ▁be ▁willing ▁to ▁die . ▁The ▁Patri arch ▁sacrific es ▁himself , ▁in ▁a ▁moving ▁semi - final ▁chapter , ▁to ▁ensure ▁this ▁effect ▁will ▁be ▁permanent . ▁Dam ien ▁V ry ce ▁is ▁left ▁wondering ▁what ▁to ▁do ▁with ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁his ▁life , ▁m our ning ▁the ▁loss ▁of ▁T arr ant ▁when ▁he ▁is ▁approached ▁by ▁an ▁ar rog ant ▁youth ▁who ▁suggests ▁that ▁if ▁T arr ant ▁had ▁been ▁willing ▁to ▁sacrifice ▁his ▁identity , ▁so ▁he ▁could ▁never ▁rec laim ▁his ▁former ▁life , ▁he ▁could |
▁have ▁created ▁the ▁ill usion ▁of ▁his ▁death ▁and ▁surv ived . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 5 ▁American ▁nov els ▁Category : American ▁fant asy ▁nov els ▁Category : Book s ▁with ▁cover ▁art ▁by ▁Michael ▁Wh el an <0x0A> </s> ▁E rios pha eria ▁is ▁a ▁genus ▁of ▁fung i ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Tr ich os pha eria ceae . ▁Species ▁in ▁this ▁genus ▁are ▁plant ▁path og ens . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : S ord ari om yc etes ▁gener a ▁Category : Tr ich os pha er ial es <0x0A> </s> ▁Mak ▁So ▁N ing ▁" T ania " ▁( , ▁born ▁November ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁in ▁Hong ▁Kong ) ▁is ▁a ▁Chinese ▁tri ath lete ▁who ▁competed ▁for ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁she ▁did ▁not ▁finish ▁in ▁the ▁Olympic ▁tri ath lon ▁event ▁after ▁being ▁la pped ▁on ▁the ▁cy cling ▁course . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁profile ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : H ong ▁Kong ▁female ▁tri ath let es ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁tri ath let es ▁of ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁Category : Tri ath let es ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : Tri ath let es ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Asian ▁Games ▁Category : As ian ▁Games ▁compet itors ▁for ▁Hong |
▁Kong <0x0A> </s> ▁Pos y ol ok ▁san atori ya ▁im eni ▁Len ina ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁rural ▁local ity ▁( a ▁settlement ) ▁in ▁P enk in sko ye ▁R ural ▁S ett lement , ▁K ames h kov sky ▁District , ▁Vladimir ▁O blast , ▁Russia . ▁The ▁population ▁was ▁ 2 3 ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁Geography ▁ ▁The ▁village ▁is ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁K ly az ma ▁River , ▁ 4 ▁km ▁south - west ▁from ▁P enk ino , ▁ 3 1 ▁km ▁south - west ▁from ▁K ames h k ovo . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : R ural ▁local ities ▁in ▁Vladimir ▁O blast <0x0A> </s> ▁Mary ▁B orden ▁( May ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 8 8 6 , ▁Chicago ▁– ▁December ▁ 2 , ▁ 1 9 6 8 ) ▁( mar ried ▁names : ▁Mary ▁Turner ; ▁Mary ▁Spe ars , ▁Lady ▁Spe ars ; ▁pseud . ▁Br idget ▁Mac lag an ) ▁was ▁an ▁Ang lo - American ▁novel ist ▁and ▁poet ▁whose ▁work ▁drew ▁on ▁her ▁experiences ▁as ▁a ▁war ▁nur se . ▁She ▁was ▁the ▁second ▁of ▁the ▁three ▁children ▁of ▁William ▁B orden ▁( d . ▁ 1 9 0 4 ), ▁who ▁had ▁made ▁a ▁fortune ▁in ▁Colorado ▁silver ▁min ing ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 8 7 0 s . ▁ ▁Family ▁background ▁and ▁early ▁life ▁Mary ▁B orden — known ▁as ▁May ▁to ▁her ▁friends ▁and ▁family — was ▁born |
▁into ▁a ▁wealth y ▁Chicago ▁family . ▁ ▁( Her ▁brother , ▁William ▁Wh iting ▁B orden , ▁became ▁well ▁known ▁in ▁conserv ative ▁Christian ▁circles ▁for ▁his ▁evangel istic ▁ze al ▁and ▁early ▁death ▁while ▁prepar ing ▁to ▁become ▁a ▁mission ary .) ▁Mary ▁attended ▁V ass ar ▁College , ▁gradu ating ▁with ▁a ▁B A ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 7 . ▁On ▁a ▁tour ▁of ▁the ▁Far ▁East , ▁she ▁met ▁and ▁married ▁Scottish ▁mission ary ▁George ▁Douglas ▁Turner , ▁with ▁whom ▁she ▁had ▁three ▁daughters ; ▁Joy ce ▁( born ▁ 1 9 0 9 ), ▁Com fort ▁( born ▁ 1 9 1 0 ) ▁and ▁Mary ▁( born ▁ 1 9 1 4 ). ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 3 , ▁she ▁and ▁Turner ▁moved ▁to ▁England ▁where ▁B orden ▁joined ▁the ▁Su ff ra get te ▁movement . ▁She ▁was ▁arrested ▁during ▁a ▁demonstr ation ▁in ▁Parliament ▁Square ▁for ▁throwing ▁a ▁stone ▁through ▁the ▁window ▁of ▁His ▁Majesty ' s ▁Tre as ury . ▁She ▁spent ▁five ▁days ▁in ▁police ▁cells ▁until ▁ba iled ▁by ▁her ▁husband . ▁ ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁and ▁n urs ing ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁out break ▁of ▁the ▁First ▁World ▁War ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 4 , ▁she ▁used ▁her ▁own ▁considerable ▁money ▁to ▁equip ▁and ▁staff ▁a ▁field ▁hospital ▁for ▁French ▁soldiers ▁close ▁to ▁the ▁Front ▁in ▁which ▁she ▁herself ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁nur se ▁from ▁ 1 9 1 4 ▁until ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁war , |
▁see ▁Vol unt ary ▁A id ▁Det achment . ▁ ▁There ▁she ▁met ▁Brig ad ier ▁General ▁Edward ▁Louis ▁Spe ars , ▁with ▁whom ▁she ▁engaged ▁in ▁an ▁affair ▁at ▁the ▁Front . ▁ ▁Her ▁husband ▁separated ▁from ▁her ▁and ▁took ▁cust ody ▁of ▁their ▁children . ▁ ▁Following ▁the ▁dissol ution ▁of ▁her ▁marriage , ▁she ▁married ▁Spe ars ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 8 . ▁ ▁Writing ▁During ▁her ▁war - time ▁experience ▁she ▁wrote ▁poetry ▁such ▁as ▁' The ▁Song ▁of ▁the ▁M ud ' ▁( 1 9 1 7 ). ▁Not ably , ▁her ▁work ▁includes ▁a ▁striking ▁set ▁of ▁sketch es ▁and ▁short ▁stories , ▁The ▁For b idden ▁Zone ▁( 1 9 2 9 ), ▁which ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁year ▁as ▁A ▁F are well ▁to ▁Ar ms , ▁Good - By e ▁to ▁All ▁That ▁and ▁All ▁Qu iet ▁on ▁the ▁Western ▁Front . ▁ ▁Even ▁in ▁this ▁context , ▁contemporary ▁readers ▁were ▁dist urbed ▁at ▁the ▁graph ic ▁- ▁sometimes ▁hall uc in atory ▁- ▁quality ▁of ▁work ▁coming ▁from ▁a ▁woman ▁who ▁had ▁first - hand ▁experience ▁of ▁life ▁on ▁the ▁front ▁line . ▁ ▁The ▁For b idden ▁Zone ▁contained ▁five ▁long ▁po ems ▁that ▁describe ▁what ▁she ▁saw ▁and ▁did ▁working ▁in ▁the ▁military ▁hospital , ▁and ▁are ▁full ▁of ▁passion ate ▁energy ▁and ▁comp ass ion . ▁Their ▁style ▁is ▁rem in is cent ▁of ▁W alt ▁Whit man ▁who ▁also ▁t ended ▁to ▁the ▁wounded ▁on ▁the ▁battle |
field , ▁in ▁his ▁case ▁during ▁the ▁American ▁Civil ▁War . ▁ ▁She ▁wrote ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁other ▁po ems ▁about ▁the ▁war ▁and ▁also ▁about ▁her ▁affair ▁with ▁Spe ars ▁which ▁were ▁not ▁published ▁in ▁book ▁form ▁until ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁one ▁hundred ▁years ▁after ▁they ▁were ▁written . ▁Mary ▁B orden , ▁Po ems ▁of ▁Love ▁and ▁War , ▁edited ▁by ▁Paul ▁O ' Pre y , ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁London ▁by ▁D are - G ale ▁Press , ▁distributed ▁by ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Chicago ▁Press ▁in ▁the ▁US . ▁Her ▁war ▁po ems ▁were ▁slow ▁to ▁be ▁recogn ised ▁but ▁now ▁feature ▁in ▁several ▁modern ▁First ▁World ▁War ▁poetry ▁anth ologies ▁ ▁Her ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁novel ▁Action ▁for ▁S land er ▁was ▁adapted ▁into ▁a ▁film ▁the ▁same ▁year . ▁ ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁Living ▁in ▁England ▁between ▁the ▁wars , ▁she ▁was ▁drawn ▁back ▁to ▁France ▁in ▁the ▁expectation ▁of ▁mount ing ▁some ▁sort ▁of ▁aid ▁facility ▁similar ▁to ▁that ▁she ▁had ▁run ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁war . ▁With ▁funds ▁don ated ▁by ▁Sir ▁Robert ▁Had field ▁via ▁his ▁wife , ▁Lady ▁Had field , ▁she ▁set ▁up ▁the ▁Had field - Spe ars ▁Am bul ance ▁Unit , ▁which ▁was ▁based ▁in ▁Lor raine ▁until ▁forced ▁by ▁the ▁German ▁Bl itz krie g ▁to ▁retre at ▁across ▁France ▁before ▁its ▁ev acu ation ▁from ▁Arc ach on ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 4 0 . ▁ ▁In ▁Britain , ▁the ▁unit ▁re |
- group ed ▁and ▁received ▁further ▁fund ing ▁from ▁the ▁British ▁War ▁Rel ief ▁Society ▁in ▁New ▁York . ▁ ▁In ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 1 , ▁the ▁Had field - Spe ars ▁Am bul ance ▁Unit ▁was ▁attached ▁to ▁the ▁Free ▁French ▁in ▁the ▁Middle ▁East , ▁before ▁accomp any ing ▁their ▁forces ▁across ▁North ▁Africa , ▁Italy ▁and ▁France . ▁J our ney ▁Down ▁a ▁Bl ind ▁Al ley , ▁published ▁on ▁her ▁return ▁to ▁Paris ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 6 , ▁records ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁unit ▁and ▁her ▁dis ill usion ▁with ▁the ▁French ▁failure ▁to ▁put ▁up ▁an ▁effective ▁resistance ▁to ▁the ▁German ▁invasion ▁and ▁occupation . ▁ ▁A ▁first ▁person ▁account ▁of ▁Lady ▁Spe ars ▁and ▁the ▁Had field - Spe ars ▁Am bul ance ▁Unit ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁mem oir s ▁of ▁Herm ione , ▁Count ess ▁of ▁Ran fur ly , ▁To ▁War ▁with ▁Whit aker . ▁ ▁Later ▁life ▁In ▁her ▁later ▁life , ▁she ▁often ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁assist ed ▁her ▁nep hew - in - law ▁Ad la i ▁Stevens on ▁II ▁in ▁his ▁run ▁for ▁the ▁presiden cy , ▁even ▁writing ▁some ▁of ▁his ▁speech es . ▁ ▁Cent en ary ▁of ▁the ▁First ▁World ▁War ▁Arm ist ice ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁the ▁Tower ▁of ▁London ▁created ▁an ▁installation ▁to ▁comm emor ate ▁the ▁cent en ary ▁of ▁the ▁ending ▁of ▁the ▁First ▁World ▁War , ▁called ▁Bey ond ▁the |
▁Deep ening ▁Sh adow : ▁The ▁Tower ▁Rem embers . ▁This ▁saw ▁the ▁mo at ▁filled ▁with ▁thousands ▁of ▁tiny ▁fl ames ▁and ▁a ▁sounds cape ▁composed ▁by ▁Mira ▁Cal ix ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁ch oral ▁setting ▁of ▁one ▁of ▁B orden ' s ▁love ▁son net s ▁written ▁at ▁the ▁Som me ▁for ▁Louis ▁Spe ars . ▁ ▁Works ▁▁ ▁The ▁M ist ress ▁of ▁Kingdom s ; ▁or ▁Sm oking ▁F lax ▁ ▁by ▁Br idget ▁Mac L agan ▁( P se ud onym ) ▁( 1 9 1 2 ) ▁▁ ▁Coll ision ▁by ▁Br idget ▁Mac L agan ▁( P se ud onym ) ▁( play ) ▁( 1 9 1 3 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Rom antic ▁Woman ▁by ▁Br idget ▁Mac L agan ▁( P se ud onym ) ▁( 1 9 1 6 ) ▁ ▁The ▁T ort o ise ▁( 1 9 2 1 ) ▁ ▁Jane ▁- ▁Our ▁Str anger ▁( 1 9 2 3 ) ▁ ▁Three ▁Pil gr ims ▁and ▁a ▁T ink er ▁( 1 9 2 4 ) ▁ ▁Four ▁O ' C lock ▁and ▁Other ▁St ories ▁( 1 9 2 6 ) ▁Fl aming o ▁( 1 9 2 7 ) ▁ ▁Four ▁O ' clock ▁ ▁( 1 9 2 7 ) ▁ ▁The ▁For b idden ▁Zone ▁( 1 9 2 9 ) ▁OCLC : ▁ 1 8 5 2 7 5 6 ▁ ▁Je hov ah ' s ▁Day ▁( 1 9 2 9 ) ▁ |
▁A ▁Woman ▁with ▁White ▁E yes ▁( 1 9 3 0 ) ▁ ▁Sarah ▁Gay ▁( 1 9 3 1 ) ▁ ▁Action ▁for ▁S land er ▁( 1 9 3 7 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Woman ▁I ▁Love ▁( 1 9 3 7 ) ▁J our ney ▁Down ▁a ▁Bl ind ▁Al ley ▁( 1 9 4 6 ) ▁ ▁You , ▁the ▁J ury ▁ ▁( 1 9 5 2 ) ▁ ▁Po ems ▁of ▁Love ▁and ▁War ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ ▁Foot notes ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁ ▁Ever ett ▁F . ▁Ble ile , ▁The ▁Check list ▁of ▁Fant astic ▁Liter ature . ▁Chicago : ▁Sh asta ▁Publish ers , ▁ 1 9 4 8 ; ▁pg . ▁ 5 6 . w ▁ ▁Jane ▁Con way , ▁A ▁Woman ▁of ▁Two ▁Wars : ▁The ▁Life ▁of ▁Mary ▁B orden ▁M und ay ▁Books , ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁Haz el ▁H utch inson , ▁ ▁The ▁War ▁That ▁U sed ▁Up ▁W ords : ▁American ▁Writ ers ▁and ▁the ▁First ▁World ▁War . ▁New ▁H aven , ▁CT : ▁Y ale ▁University ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁Wy nd ham ▁Lewis , ▁Bl ast ing ▁and ▁Bomb ard ier ing . ▁ 1 9 3 7 . ▁ ▁Paul ▁O ' Pre y ▁( ed .), ▁Mary ▁B orden , ▁Po ems ▁of ▁Love ▁and ▁War . ▁D are - G ale ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 1 5 . |
▁ ▁Max ▁Wy nd ham , ▁Under ▁Two ▁Fl ags : ▁Life ▁of ▁Major ▁General ▁Sir ▁Edward ▁Spe ars . ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Review ▁of ▁Mary ▁B orden , ▁Po ems ▁of ▁Love ▁and ▁War '' ▁http :// www . cent en ary news . com / article / book - review --- po ems - of - lo ve - and - war ▁ ▁D are - G ale ▁Press ▁http :// www . d are g ale . com ▁ ▁https :// mary b orden . org / ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 8 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 6 8 ▁death s ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁novel ists ▁Category : American ▁women ▁novel ists ▁Category : F em ale ▁n urs es ▁in ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁Category : W rit ers ▁from ▁Chicago ▁Category : V ass ar ▁College ▁al umn i ▁Category : American ▁women ▁in ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁women ▁writers ▁Category : Nov el ists ▁from ▁Illinois ▁Category : American ▁suff rag ists <0x0A> </s> ▁was ▁a ▁Japanese ▁sam ur ai ▁of ▁the ▁S eng oku ▁period , ▁who ▁served ▁the ▁O da ▁cl an . ▁ ▁Category : Sam ur ai ▁Category : Da im yo ▁Category : 1 5 2 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 5 8 2 ▁death s ▁Category : O da ▁retain ers <0x0A> </s> ▁Leonard ▁George ▁Ko ene cke ▁( |
J anu ary ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 1 9 0 4 ▁in ▁Bar ab oo , ▁Wisconsin , ▁USA ▁– ▁September ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁in ▁Toronto , ▁Ontario , ▁Canada ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁baseball ▁player ▁who ▁played ▁Major ▁League ▁Baseball ▁for ▁the ▁Brook lyn ▁D od gers ▁and ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Gi ants . ▁ ▁He ▁died ▁of ▁a ▁blow ▁to ▁the ▁head ▁at ▁the ▁hands ▁of ▁the ▁pilot ▁and ▁a ▁passenger ▁of ▁a ▁plane ▁of ▁which ▁he ▁had ▁seized ▁control . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Ko ene cke ▁was ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁a ▁locomot ive ▁engineer ▁and ▁had ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁fire man ▁for ▁the ▁Chicago ▁& ▁North western ▁Rail road . ▁ ▁Minor ▁league ▁career ▁Ko ene cke ▁made ▁his ▁professional ▁debut ▁for ▁the ▁Mol ine ▁P low bo ys ▁in ▁the ▁Mississippi ▁Valley ▁League ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 7 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁he ▁joined ▁Indian apolis ▁in ▁the ▁American ▁Association . ▁ ▁Major ▁League ▁career ▁After ▁several ▁seasons ▁with ▁Indian apolis , ▁Ko ene cke ▁was ▁signed ▁to ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Gi ants ▁in ▁December ▁ 1 9 3 1 ▁in ▁a ▁deal ▁worth ▁$ 7 5 , 0 0 0 . ▁Manager ▁John ▁McG raw ▁predicted ▁he ▁would ▁" be ▁a ▁bright ▁star ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁League ". ▁He ▁played ▁just ▁the ▁one ▁season ▁with ▁the ▁Gi ants . ▁Ko ene cke ▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁for ▁the ▁Gi ants , ▁going ▁hit less ▁against ▁the ▁Philadelphia |
▁Phill ies ▁on ▁April ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 3 , ▁playing ▁for ▁the ▁International ▁League ▁Buff alo ▁B isons , ▁he ▁hit ▁. 3 3 4 ▁and ▁drove ▁in ▁ 1 0 0 ▁runs ▁batt ed ▁in ▁with ▁eight ▁home ▁runs . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 4 , ▁Ko ene cke ▁joined ▁the ▁Brook lyn ▁D od gers , ▁where ▁in ▁his ▁first ▁season ▁he ▁hit ▁ 1 4 ▁home ▁runs , ▁ 7 3 ▁R B Is ▁and ▁set ▁a ▁National ▁League ▁field ing ▁record ▁with ▁a ▁percentage ▁of ▁. 9 9 4 . ▁His ▁second ▁season ▁saw ▁a ▁decl ine ▁in ▁his ▁on field ▁performance ▁and ▁his ▁drink ing ▁became ▁a ▁problem ▁to ▁the ▁point ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁cut ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 3 5 , ▁during ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁a ▁road ▁trip ▁after ▁a ▁game ▁in ▁Chicago . ▁ ▁Just ▁one ▁day ▁later , ▁he ▁would ▁be ▁dead . ▁ ▁Death ▁After ▁being ▁sent ▁home ▁from ▁the ▁road ▁trip , ▁Ko ene cke ▁caught ▁a ▁commercial ▁flight ▁for ▁New ▁York ▁City . ▁During ▁the ▁flight , ▁he ▁d rank ▁a ▁quart ▁of ▁whis key ▁and ▁became ▁very ▁dr unk . ▁After ▁Ko ene cke ▁had ▁har ass ed ▁other ▁passengers ▁and ▁struck ▁a ▁ste ward ess , ▁the ▁pilot ▁had ▁to ▁sit ▁on ▁him ▁to ▁rest rain ▁him ▁as ▁he ▁was ▁sh ack led ▁to ▁his ▁seat . ▁He ▁was ▁removed ▁un cons |
cious ▁from ▁the ▁flight ▁in ▁Detroit . ▁After ▁sleep ing ▁on ▁a ▁chair ▁in ▁the ▁air port , ▁he ▁char tered ▁a ▁flight ▁to ▁Toronto ▁in ▁the ▁hopes ▁of ▁rejo ining ▁the ▁B isons . ▁While ▁flying ▁over ▁Canada , ▁he ▁had ▁a ▁disag re ement ▁with ▁the ▁pilot ▁and ▁a ▁passenger , ▁and ▁attempted ▁to ▁take ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁aircraft . ▁ ▁In ▁order ▁to ▁avoid ▁a ▁crash , ▁Ko ene cke ▁was ▁hit ▁over ▁the ▁head ▁with ▁a ▁fire ▁ex ting u isher ▁by ▁both ▁the ▁pilot , ▁who ▁had ▁left ▁his ▁controls , ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁passenger . ▁After ▁an ▁emer gency ▁landing ▁at ▁Long ▁Branch ▁R ac et rack ▁in ▁Toronto , ▁it ▁was ▁found ▁that ▁Ko ene cke ▁had ▁died ▁of ▁a ▁c ere br al ▁hem or rh age . ▁The ▁two ▁men ▁were ▁charged ▁with ▁m ans la ugh ter ▁but ▁were ▁found ▁not ▁li able ▁by ▁a ▁coron er ' s ▁j ury ▁soon ▁after . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁buried ▁in ▁Mount ▁Re pose ▁C emetery ▁at ▁Friend ship , ▁Wisconsin . ▁ ▁In ▁popular ▁culture ▁Ko ene cke ' s ▁death ▁was ▁referenced ▁in ▁season ▁ 5 , ▁episode ▁ 7 ▁of ▁the ▁animated ▁TV ▁series ▁Arch er , ▁" Sm ugg ler ' s ▁Blues ". ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁baseball ▁players ▁who ▁died ▁during ▁their ▁care ers ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Story ▁and ▁ob itu ary ▁from ▁the ▁September ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 9 3 5 |
▁edition ▁of ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 0 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 3 5 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Bar ab oo , ▁Wisconsin ▁Category : Bro ok lyn ▁D od gers ▁players ▁Category : M aj or ▁League ▁Baseball ▁out field ers ▁Category : New ▁York ▁Gi ants ▁( NL ) ▁players ▁Category : Base ball ▁players ▁from ▁Wisconsin ▁Category : M aj or ▁League ▁Baseball ▁center ▁field ers ▁Category : De ath s ▁by ▁be ating ▁Category : American ▁people ▁murder ed ▁abroad ▁Category : M ur der ed ▁American ▁baseball ▁players ▁Category : Pe ople ▁murder ed ▁in ▁Ontario ▁Category : B ur ial s ▁in ▁Wisconsin ▁Category : M oline ▁P low bo ys ▁players ▁Category : Ind ian apolis ▁Indians ▁players ▁Category : Qu in cy ▁Indians ▁players ▁Category : Spring field ▁Sen ators ▁players ▁Category : B uff alo ▁B isons ▁( min or ▁league ) ▁players ▁Category : J er sey ▁City ▁S ke eters ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁H ŏ ch ' ŏ n ▁Line ▁is ▁a ▁partially ▁elect r ified ▁standard - g au ge ▁secondary ▁line ▁of ▁the ▁Korean ▁State ▁Railway ▁running ▁from ▁T anch ' ŏ n ▁on ▁the ▁P ' y ŏ ng ra ▁Line ▁to ▁Hong gun . ▁ ▁History ▁▁ ▁The ▁priv ately ▁owned ▁Tan p ' ung ▁Railway ▁was ▁formed ▁to ▁build ▁a ▁railway ▁from ▁T anch ' ŏ n ▁on ▁the ▁Ham gy ŏ ng ▁Line ▁of ▁the |
▁Ch osen ▁Government ▁Railway ▁to ▁P ' ungs an , ▁the ▁county ▁seat ▁of ▁P ' ungs an ▁County ; ▁it ▁was ▁from ▁the ▁first ▁characters ▁of ▁the ▁names ▁of ▁the ▁end points ▁that ▁the ▁railway , ▁and ▁the ▁main line , ▁got ▁its ▁name . ▁The ▁initial ▁section ▁of ▁the ▁main line , ▁ ▁from ▁T anch ' ŏ n ▁to ▁Hong gun , ▁was ▁opened ▁on ▁ 2 6 ▁August ▁ 1 9 3 9 .. ▁A ▁branch line , ▁the ▁Mand ŏ k ▁Line , ▁from ▁Kos ŏ ng ▁( now ▁called ▁H ŏ ch ' ŏ n ) ▁to ▁Mand ŏ k ▁was ▁also ▁opened , ▁but ▁the ▁planned ▁continu ation ▁from ▁Hong gun ▁to ▁P ' ungs an ▁was ▁not ▁completed ▁before ▁the ▁fall ▁of ▁Japan ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁Pacific ▁War . ▁ ▁Following ▁the ▁partition ▁of ▁Korea , ▁the ▁entire ty ▁of ▁the ▁Tan p ' ung ▁Railway ' s ▁network ▁was ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁Soviet ▁zone ▁of ▁occupation . ▁The ▁Pro vis ional ▁People ’ s ▁Committee ▁for ▁North ▁Korea ▁national ised ▁all ▁rail ways ▁in ▁the ▁northern ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁country ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁August ▁ 1 9 4 6 , ▁and ▁following ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁North ▁Korea , ▁the ▁Korean ▁State ▁Railway ▁was ▁created . ▁Dam age ▁sust ained ▁by ▁the ▁line ▁during ▁the ▁Korean ▁War ▁was ▁rep a ired ▁and ▁the ▁line ▁was ▁eventually ▁elect r ified , ▁but ▁the ▁extension ▁to ▁P ' ungs an ▁( ren amed ▁Kim |
hy ŏ ng g w ŏ n ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 ) ▁was ▁never ▁built . ▁ ▁Services ▁▁ ▁Two ▁pairs ▁of ▁passenger ▁trains ▁are ▁known ▁to ▁run ▁on ▁this ▁line : ▁▁ ▁Local ▁trains ▁ 5 5 1 / 5 5 6 , ▁operating ▁from ▁K ok ku ▁to ▁T ong da e , ▁run ▁on ▁this ▁line ▁on ▁the ▁segment ▁between ▁T anch ' ŏ n ▁Ch ' ŏ ng ny ŏ n ▁and ▁T ong da e ; ▁ ▁Local ▁trains ▁ 9 2 5 / 9 2 6 ▁operate ▁on ▁this ▁line ▁between ▁T anch ' ŏ n ▁Ch ' ŏ ng ny ŏ n ▁and ▁Hong gun . ▁ ▁Route ▁▁ ▁A ▁yellow ▁background ▁in ▁the ▁" Distance " ▁box ▁indicates ▁that ▁section ▁of ▁the ▁line ▁is ▁not ▁elect r ified . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : R ail way ▁lines ▁in ▁North ▁Korea ▁Category : Standard ▁gauge ▁rail ways ▁in ▁North ▁Korea <0x0A> </s> ▁In ▁the ▁latter ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁nin ete enth ▁century , ▁discover ies ▁of ▁gold ▁at ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁locations ▁in ▁Western ▁Australia ▁caused ▁large ▁infl ux es ▁of ▁prospect ors ▁from ▁over se as ▁and ▁inter state , ▁and ▁classic ▁gold ▁r ush es . ▁ ▁Sign ific ant ▁finds ▁included : ▁▁ ▁H alls ▁Creek ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 5 , ▁found ▁by ▁Charles ▁Hall ▁and ▁Jack ▁Sl atter y . ▁ ▁Tr igger ed ▁the ▁" K im ber ley ▁gold ▁r ush ". ▁ ▁Near ▁Southern |
▁Cross ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 7 , ▁found ▁by ▁the ▁party ▁of ▁Harry ▁Francis ▁An st ey . ▁The ▁" Y il g arn ▁gold ▁r ush ". ▁ ▁C ue ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 1 , ▁found ▁by ▁Michael ▁Fitz ger ald , ▁Edward ▁He f fer nan ▁and ▁Tom ▁C ue . ▁ ▁The ▁" M urch ison ▁gold ▁r ush ". ▁ ▁C ool g ard ie ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 2 , ▁by ▁Arthur ▁Ba iley ▁and ▁William ▁Ford . ▁ ▁Kal go or lie ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 3 , ▁by ▁Patrick ▁" P addy " ▁Hann an , ▁Tom ▁Fl an agan ▁and ▁Dan ▁She a . ▁ ▁A ▁small ▁r ush ▁at ▁N und am ur rah ▁Pool , ▁on ▁the ▁Green ough ▁River , ▁near ▁M ulle wa , ▁east ▁of ▁Ger ald ton ▁occurred ▁in ▁August ▁ 1 8 9 3 . ▁ ▁The ▁Kal go or lie ▁event ▁in ▁particular , ▁following ▁the ▁June ▁ 1 8 9 3 ▁discovery ▁of ▁all uv ial ▁gold ▁at ▁the ▁base ▁of ▁Mount ▁Charlotte ▁by ▁Irish ▁prospect ors ▁P addy ▁Hann an , ▁Tom ▁Fl an agan ▁and ▁Dan ▁O ' She a , ▁saw ▁a ▁massive ▁population ▁increase ▁and ▁ultimately , ▁brought ▁great ▁wealth ▁to ▁the ▁state . ▁ ▁Capital ▁works , ▁including ▁roads ▁and ▁rail ways ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 6 , ▁construction ▁of ▁the ▁am bit ious ▁Gold fields ▁Water ▁Supp ly ▁Sch eme , ▁came ▁about |
▁on ▁the ▁back ▁of ▁the ▁gold ▁r ush es . ▁ ▁The ▁population ▁in ▁Western ▁Australia ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 1 ▁was ▁ 4 9 , 7 8 2 . ▁ ▁By ▁ 1 8 9 5 ▁it ▁had ▁double d ▁to ▁ 1 0 0 , 5 1 5 , ▁and ▁by ▁ 1 9 0 1 ▁was ▁ 1 8 4 , 1 2 4 . ▁ ▁These ▁previously ▁un expl ored ▁eastern ▁districts ▁were ▁hot ▁and ▁bar ren ▁and ▁had ▁limited ▁natural ▁water ▁supplies ▁or ▁pre - ex isting ▁infrastr ucture ▁to ▁support ▁sudden ▁infl ux es ▁of ▁people . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁all ▁supplies ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁cart ed , ▁either ▁from ▁Per th ▁or ▁Es per ance . ▁ ▁Cart ed ▁water ▁was ▁sold ▁for ▁up ▁to ▁ 5 ▁sh ill ings ▁per ▁gall on . ▁ ▁Kim ber ley ▁Pro spect or ▁Charles ▁Hall ▁and ▁others ▁found ▁all uv ial ▁gold ▁in ▁the ▁eastern ▁Kim ber ly ▁region ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁find ▁created ▁the ▁first ▁gold ▁r ush ▁in ▁Western ▁Australia . ▁ ▁In ▁terms ▁of ▁gold ▁yield , ▁the ▁r ush ▁was ▁not ▁particularly ▁successful , ▁but ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁significant ▁find ▁in ▁the ▁northern ▁and ▁western ▁parts ▁of ▁Australia . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁nearly ▁ 4 0 ▁years ▁after ▁the ▁Victor ian ▁r ush es . ▁ ▁Y il g arn ▁The ▁" Y il g arn ▁gold ▁r ush " ▁refers ▁to ▁a ▁r ush |
▁which ▁comm enced ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 8 ▁after ▁the ▁November ▁ 1 8 8 7 ▁discovery ▁of ▁gold ▁in ▁the ▁Y il g arn ▁Hills ▁area , ▁north ▁of ▁Southern ▁Cross . ▁ ▁Y il g arn ▁is ▁an ▁Ab original ▁word ▁for ▁white ▁quart z , ▁a ▁common ▁indicator ▁of ▁gold . ▁ ▁M urch ison ▁Gold ▁was ▁discovered ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 2 ▁though ▁there ▁is ▁uncertainty ▁as ▁to ▁who ▁made ▁the ▁first ▁find . ▁Michael ▁Fitz ger ald ▁and ▁Edward ▁He f fer nan ▁collected ▁ 2 6 0 ▁ oun ces ▁after ▁being ▁given ▁a ▁n ug get ▁by ▁an ▁Ab original ▁known ▁as ▁' G overn or '. ▁Tom ▁C ue ▁travel led ▁to ▁N ann ine ▁to ▁register ▁their ▁claim . ▁The ▁town site ▁was ▁gaz ett ed ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 3 ▁and ▁named ▁after ▁Tom ▁C ue . ▁The ▁town ' s ▁first ▁water ▁supply ▁was ▁a ▁well ▁in ▁the ▁centre ▁of ▁the ▁main ▁street ; ▁after ▁an ▁out break ▁of ▁ty ph oid ▁fe ver , ▁the ▁well ▁was ▁c apped ▁with ▁a ▁rot unda ▁built ▁over ▁the ▁top . ▁The ▁water ▁supply ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁another ▁well ▁d ug ▁near ▁Lake ▁N all an ▁and ▁cart ed ▁ 2 0 km ▁south ▁to ▁the ▁town site . ▁The ▁town ▁of ▁Day ▁Da wn , ▁ ▁south , ▁was ▁established ▁within ▁a ▁year ; ▁by ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁a ▁hospital ▁and ▁c emetery ▁were ▁established ▁between ▁the |
▁two ▁towns ▁and ▁they ▁had ▁three ▁newsp apers ▁operating . ▁The ▁rival ry ▁between ▁the ▁towns ▁fuel led ▁a ▁diverse ▁sport ing ▁culture ▁in ▁the ▁area . ▁Cy cling ▁and ▁horse - rac ing ▁groups ▁held ▁regular ▁events ▁attract ing ▁compet itors ▁from ▁as ▁far ▁away ▁as ▁Per th ▁and ▁Kal go or lie . ▁ ▁C ool g ard ie ▁Gold ▁was ▁discovered ▁by ▁Arthur ▁Ba iley ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 2 . ▁ ▁The ▁Ba iley ' s ▁R ew ard ▁gold ▁mine ▁would ▁become ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁rich est ▁mines ▁in ▁the ▁state . ▁ ▁Kal go or lie ▁ ▁Pro spect ors ▁P addy ▁Hann an , ▁Tom ▁Fl an agan ▁and ▁Dan ▁She a ▁found ▁ 1 0 0 ▁ oun ces ▁of ▁all uv ial ▁gold ▁at ▁Mount ▁Charlotte ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 4 . ▁ ▁After ▁Hann an ▁registered ▁the ▁reward ▁claim , ▁ 7 5 0 ▁men ▁were ▁prospect ing ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁within ▁three ▁days . ▁ ▁A ▁town ▁quickly ▁spr ang ▁up ▁which ▁was ▁initially ▁called ▁Hann ans ▁and ▁later ▁Kal go or lie . ▁ ▁Wh ilst ▁new ▁prospect ors ▁were ▁arriv ing ▁in ▁the ▁col ony , ▁large ▁numbers ▁of ▁workers ▁were ▁also ▁moving ▁between ▁the ▁various ▁districts ▁as ▁new ▁discover ies ▁happened . ▁ ▁False ▁and ▁ex agger ated ▁rum ours ▁were ▁also ▁r amp ant ▁and ▁many ▁died ▁from ▁th irst ▁and ▁disease . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Gold ▁min ing ▁in ▁Western ▁Australia ▁History ▁of ▁Western ▁Australia |
▁New ▁South ▁Wales ▁gold ▁r ush ▁Victor ian ▁gold ▁r ush ▁Western ▁Australian ▁Gold fields ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : E conom ic ▁history ▁of ▁ ▁Western ▁Australia ▁Category : Austral ian ▁gold ▁r ush es ▁Category : G old ▁min ing ▁in ▁Western ▁Australia <0x0A> </s> ▁Main stream ▁media ▁is ▁a ▁term ▁and ▁abbre viation ▁used ▁to ▁refer ▁collect ively ▁to ▁the ▁various ▁large ▁mass ▁news ▁media ▁that ▁influence ▁many ▁people , ▁and ▁both ▁reflect ▁and ▁shape ▁prev ail ing ▁curr ents ▁of ▁thought . ▁The ▁term ▁is ▁used ▁to ▁contrast ▁with ▁alternative ▁media ▁which ▁may ▁contain ▁content ▁with ▁more ▁diss ent ing ▁thought ▁at ▁variance ▁with ▁the ▁prev ail ing ▁views ▁of ▁main stream ▁sources . ▁▁ ▁The ▁term ▁is ▁often ▁used ▁for ▁large ▁news ▁con gl omer ates , ▁including ▁newsp apers ▁and ▁broadcast ▁media , ▁that ▁under w ent ▁success ive ▁mer gers ▁in ▁many ▁countries . ▁The ▁concentration ▁of ▁media ▁ownership ▁has ▁raised ▁concerns ▁of ▁a ▁hom ogen ization ▁of ▁view points ▁presented ▁to ▁news ▁consum ers . ▁Con sequently , ▁the ▁term ▁main stream ▁media ▁has ▁been ▁widely ▁used ▁in ▁conversation ▁and ▁the ▁blog os phere , ▁sometimes ▁in ▁oppos itional , ▁pe jor ative ▁or ▁dismiss ive ▁sens es , ▁in ▁discussion ▁of ▁the ▁mass ▁media ▁and ▁media ▁bias . ▁ ▁Altern ative ▁terms ▁ ▁The ▁advent ▁of ▁the ▁internet ▁allowed ▁the ▁expression ▁of ▁a ▁more ▁diverse ▁or ▁alternative ▁view point ▁which ▁may ▁contrast ▁to ▁main stream ▁media , ▁to ▁the ▁point ▁where ▁the ▁term ▁main |
stream ▁media ▁is ▁seen ▁in ▁pe jor ative ▁terms . ▁ ▁Lam est ream ▁media ▁is ▁a ▁common ▁pe jor ative ▁alternative . ▁Sarah ▁Pal in ▁referred ▁to ▁" lam est ream ▁media ," ▁not ably ▁around ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁during ▁her ▁participation ▁in ▁the ▁Te a ▁Party ▁Express , ▁in ▁the ▁context ▁of ▁what ▁she ▁perce ived ▁as ▁media ▁mis re presentation ▁of ▁the ▁Te a ▁Party ▁movement . ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁movie ▁production ▁is ▁known ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁domin ated ▁by ▁major ▁stud ios ▁since ▁the ▁early ▁ 2 0 th ▁century ; ▁before ▁that , ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁period ▁in ▁which ▁Ed ison ' s ▁Trust ▁mon opol ized ▁the ▁industry . ▁In ▁the ▁early ▁twenty - first ▁century ▁the ▁music ▁and ▁television ▁indust ries ▁was ▁subject ▁to ▁media ▁cons olid ation , ▁with ▁Sony ▁Music ▁Entertainment ' s ▁parent ▁company ▁mer ging ▁their ▁music ▁division ▁with ▁Bert els mann ▁AG ' s ▁B M G ▁to ▁form ▁Sony ▁B M G , ▁and ▁Trib une ' s ▁The ▁W B ▁and ▁CBS ▁Cor p .' s ▁UP N ▁mer ging ▁to ▁form ▁The ▁C W . ▁In ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁Sony ▁B M G ▁there ▁existed ▁a ▁" Big ▁Five ", ▁later ▁" Big ▁Four ", ▁of ▁major ▁record ▁companies , ▁while ▁The ▁C W ' s ▁creation ▁was ▁an ▁attempt ▁to ▁cons olid ate ▁ratings ▁and ▁stand ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁" Big ▁Four " ▁of ▁American ▁network ▁( ter rest |
rial ) ▁television ▁( although ▁the ▁C W ▁was ▁actually ▁partially ▁owned ▁by ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁Big ▁Four ▁in ▁CBS ). ▁In ▁television , ▁the ▁vast ▁majority ▁of ▁broadcast ▁and ▁basic ▁cable ▁networks , ▁over ▁a ▁hundred ▁in ▁all , ▁are ▁controlled ▁by ▁eight ▁corpor ations : ▁News ▁Corporation ▁( the ▁Fox ▁family ▁of ▁channels ), ▁The ▁W alt ▁Disney ▁Company ▁( which ▁includes ▁the ▁ABC , ▁ESP N ▁and ▁Disney ▁br ands ), ▁National ▁Am us ements ▁( which ▁includes ▁CBS ▁Corporation ▁and ▁Via com ), ▁Com cast ▁( which ▁includes ▁the ▁N BC ▁br ands ), ▁Time ▁Warner , ▁Disc overy ▁Communic ations , ▁E . ▁W . ▁S cri pp s ▁Company , ▁C able vision , ▁or ▁some ▁combination ▁there of . ▁ ▁There ▁may ▁also ▁be ▁some ▁large - scale ▁own ers ▁in ▁an ▁industry ▁that ▁are ▁not ▁the ▁causes ▁of ▁mon opol y ▁or ▁o lig opol y . ▁Clear ▁Channel ▁Communic ations , ▁especially ▁since ▁the ▁Tele communic ations ▁Act ▁of ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁acquired ▁many ▁radio ▁stations ▁across ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁and ▁came ▁to ▁own ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 , 2 0 0 ▁stations . ▁However , ▁the ▁radio ▁broadcast ing ▁industry ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁elsewhere ▁can ▁be ▁regarded ▁as ▁o lig opol istic ▁regardless ▁of ▁the ▁existence ▁of ▁such ▁a ▁player . ▁Because ▁radio ▁stations ▁are ▁local ▁in ▁reach , ▁each ▁lic ensed ▁a ▁specific ▁part ▁of ▁spectrum ▁by ▁the ▁F CC ▁in ▁a ▁specific ▁local ▁area , |
▁any ▁local ▁market ▁is ▁served ▁by ▁a ▁limited ▁number ▁of ▁stations . ▁In ▁most ▁countries , ▁this ▁system ▁of ▁lic ens ing ▁makes ▁many ▁mark ets ▁local ▁o lig opol ies . ▁The ▁similar ▁market ▁structure ▁exists ▁for ▁television ▁broadcast ing , ▁cable ▁systems ▁and ▁newspaper ▁indust ries , ▁all ▁of ▁which ▁are ▁character ized ▁by ▁the ▁existence ▁of ▁large - scale ▁own ers . ▁Con cent r ation ▁of ▁ownership ▁is ▁often ▁found ▁in ▁these ▁indust ries . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁data ▁on ▁ownership ▁and ▁market ▁share ▁of ▁media ▁companies ▁is ▁not ▁held ▁in ▁the ▁public ▁domain . ▁ ▁Rec ent ▁media ▁mer gers ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁Over ▁time ▁the ▁rate ▁of ▁media ▁mer gers ▁has ▁increased , ▁while ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁media ▁out lets ▁has ▁also ▁increased . ▁This ▁has ▁resulted ▁in ▁a ▁higher ▁concentration ▁of ▁ownership , ▁with ▁fewer ▁companies ▁ow ning ▁more ▁media ▁out lets . ▁▁ 5 0 ▁different ▁companies ▁used ▁to ▁own ▁ 9 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁media ▁in ▁America ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s . Now ▁only ▁five ▁media ▁con gl omer ates ▁own ▁that ▁ 9 0 % ▁of ▁media . The ▁kind ▁of ▁media ▁includes ▁books , ▁radio , ▁mov ies , ▁newsp apers ▁and ▁mag az ines . D ue ▁to ▁the ▁ 9 0 % ▁of ▁media ▁ownership , ▁these ▁five ▁con gl omer ates ▁have ▁the ▁power ▁to ▁control ▁the ▁information ▁that ▁goes ▁out ▁to ▁the ▁general ▁public . ▁ ▁The ▁" |
Big ▁five " ▁ ▁American ▁public ▁dist rust ▁in ▁the ▁media ▁A ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁Gall up ▁poll ▁found ▁that ▁Americans ▁remain ▁largely ▁m istr ust ful ▁of ▁the ▁mass ▁media . ▁Between ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁ 4 1 % - 4 5 % ▁of ▁respond ents ▁have ▁had ▁" a ▁great ▁deal " ▁or ▁" f air ▁amount " ▁of ▁trust ▁in ▁newsp apers , ▁television ▁and ▁radio ▁to ▁report ▁the ▁news ▁" fully , ▁accur ately ▁and ▁fairly ." ▁D istr ust ▁had ▁increased ▁since ▁the ▁mid ▁ 2 0 1 0 s ▁when ▁Americans ▁were ▁already ▁more ▁negative ▁about ▁the ▁media ▁than ▁they ▁had ▁been ▁before ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁ ▁Through out ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Google ▁and ▁Facebook ▁had ▁been ▁target ed ▁to ▁dis per se ▁a ▁substantial ▁amount ▁of ▁fake ▁news , ▁with ▁the ▁aim , ▁it ▁was ▁claimed , ▁of ▁confusing ▁Americans ▁about ▁various ▁topics . ▁ ▁Following ▁the ▁victory ▁of ▁Donald ▁Trump ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁president ial ▁election ▁and ▁during ▁the ▁campaign , ▁Americans ▁who ▁supported ▁Hill ary ▁Cl inton ▁were ▁especially ▁en rag ed ▁about ▁the ▁notice able ▁amount ▁of ▁fake ▁news ▁about ▁the ▁election ▁on ▁the ▁two ▁websites . ▁Facebook ▁was ▁target ed ▁to ▁some ▁degree ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁s way ▁the ▁American ▁people ▁with ▁a ▁particular ▁ag enda ▁during ▁the ▁elect oral ▁cycle , ▁although ▁the ▁chief ▁executive ▁of ▁Facebook , ▁Mark ▁Z |
ucker berg ▁stated ▁that ▁" Face book ▁did ▁not ▁have ▁a ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁recent ▁president ial ▁campaign ". ▁ ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁▁ ▁In ▁the ▁UK , ▁during ▁ 1 9 2 2 , ▁after ▁the ▁closure ▁of ▁many ▁radio ▁stations , ▁the ▁British ▁Broadcast ing ▁Company ▁started ▁its ▁first ▁daily ▁radio ▁transmission ▁and ▁started ▁to ▁grow ▁an ▁audience . ▁Later ▁that ▁year ▁John ▁Re ith , ▁a ▁Scottish ▁engineer , ▁would ▁be ▁appointed ▁the ▁first ▁General ▁Manager ▁for ▁the ▁BBC . ▁Later ▁on ▁January ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 2 7 ▁the ▁BBC ▁was ▁fully ▁established ▁by ▁Royal ▁Char ter ▁and ▁renamed ▁the ▁British ▁Broadcast ing ▁Corporation ▁with ▁Re ith ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁Director - General . ▁During ▁November ▁of ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁the ▁BBC ▁began ▁to ▁expand ▁into ▁television ▁broadcast ing ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁broad c aster ▁to ▁start ▁the ▁tr end ▁of ▁a ▁regularly ▁scheduled ▁TV ▁service . ▁▁ ▁Today ▁the ▁BBC ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁two ▁char tered ▁public ▁broadcast ing ▁companies ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom . ▁The ▁second ▁is ▁I TV , ▁Independent ▁Television , ▁which ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁public ▁commercial ▁television ▁company ▁after ▁the ▁Television ▁act ▁of ▁ 1 9 5 4 ▁in ▁an ▁effort ▁to ▁break ▁up ▁the ▁mon opol y ▁the ▁BBC ▁had ▁on ▁television ▁broadcast ing , ▁gain ing ▁fifteen ▁regional ▁broadcast ing ▁lic enses ▁in ▁less ▁than ▁twenty ▁years . ▁ ▁Today ▁the ▁BBC ▁and ▁I TV ▁are ▁the ▁two ▁free ▁to |
▁air ▁digital ▁services ▁offered ▁to ▁everyone ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁and ▁each ▁others ▁biggest ▁compet itors . ▁The ▁BBC ▁has ▁nine ▁national ▁television ▁channels , ▁BBC ▁three , ▁the ▁first ▁channel ▁to ▁switch ▁from ▁television ▁to ▁online , ▁an ▁interactive ▁channel , ▁ten ▁national ▁and ▁forty ▁local ▁radio ▁stations , ▁BBC ▁Online , ▁and ▁BBC ▁World wide . ▁I TV ▁currently ▁holds ▁th ir teen ▁of ▁the ▁fifteen ▁regional ▁broadcast ing ▁lic enses ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁that ▁car ries ▁their ▁multiple ▁channels ▁including ▁I TV , ▁I TV h ub , ▁I TV 2 , ▁I TV Be , ▁I TV ▁ 3 , ▁I TV 4 , ▁C IT V , ▁I TV ▁En core , ▁ ▁Brit box , ▁a ▁video - on - dem and ▁service ▁in ▁collaboration ▁with ▁the ▁BBC ▁to ▁bring ▁British ▁television ▁content ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁Canada , ▁and ▁C irk us , ▁their ▁own ▁video - on - dem and ▁service . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Ag enda - setting ▁theory ▁ ▁Altern ative ▁media ▁ ▁Big ▁Three ▁television ▁networks ▁ ▁Con cent r ation ▁of ▁media ▁ownership ▁ ▁Corpor ate ▁media ▁ ▁Der eg ulation ▁ ▁F ake ▁news ▁ ▁Fre edom ▁of ▁speech ▁ ▁Fre edom ▁of ▁the ▁press ▁ ▁List s ▁of ▁corpor ate ▁assets ▁ ▁Local ▁News ▁Service ▁ ▁Main stream ▁ ▁Media ▁bias ▁ ▁Media ▁con gl omer ate ▁ ▁Media ▁cross - own ership ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁Media ▁dem ocracy ▁ ▁Media ▁imperial ism ▁ |
▁Media ▁manip ulation ▁ ▁Media ▁propriet or ▁ ▁Media ▁trans par ency ▁ ▁Mon opol ies ▁of ▁knowledge ▁ ▁Network ▁neutral ity ▁ ▁Old ▁media ▁ ▁Partido ▁da ▁Im pr ensa ▁Gol p ista ▁ ▁Polit ico - media ▁complex ▁ ▁Prom ethe us ▁Radio ▁Project ▁ ▁Pro pag anda ▁model ▁ ▁State ▁controlled ▁media ▁ ▁Tele communic ations ▁Act ▁of ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁ ▁Western ▁media ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Category : Con cent r ation ▁of ▁media ▁ownership ▁Category : News ▁media <0x0A> </s> ▁Kal mat ▁( ; ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁Gol mat ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Sar bu k ▁R ural ▁District , ▁Sar bu k ▁District , ▁Q as r - e ▁Q and ▁County , ▁S istan ▁and ▁Bal uch est an ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 5 8 2 , ▁in ▁ 1 0 5 ▁families . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Q as r - e ▁Q and ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁Pa ats a ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Sa are ma a ▁Par ish , ▁Sa are ▁County ▁in ▁western ▁Est onia . ▁ ▁Before ▁the ▁administrative ▁reform ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁the ▁village ▁was ▁in ▁Must j ala ▁Par ish . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Sa are ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁Julia ▁Sch er ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 4 , ▁Hollywood ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁artist ▁who |
▁works ▁primarily ▁with ▁them es ▁of ▁surve ill ance . ▁She ▁uses ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁medium s ▁and ▁is ▁most ▁known ▁for ▁her ▁installation ▁art ▁and ▁performance ▁art ▁works . ▁Her ▁work ▁addresses ▁issues ▁of ▁control ▁and ▁s edu ction . ▁ ▁Life ▁and ▁work ▁ ▁Julia ▁Sch er ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Hollywood ▁ 1 9 5 4 ▁as ▁the ▁daughter ▁of ▁a ▁travel ing ▁sales man ▁and ▁a ▁department ▁store ▁employee ▁and ▁grew ▁up ▁in ▁Van ▁Nu ys , ▁San ▁Fernando ▁Valley . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁she ▁received ▁a ▁B . A . ▁in ▁P ain ting / S cul pt ure / Graph ic ▁Arts ▁from ▁U . C . L . A ., ▁and ▁a ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁M . F . A . ▁in ▁Studio ▁Arts , ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Minnesota . ▁The ▁title ▁of ▁her ▁th esis ▁was ▁American ▁Land s cape . ▁Her ▁first ▁video ▁art ▁piece ▁about ▁women ▁in ▁security ▁was ▁Sa fe ▁& ▁Sec ure ▁in ▁Minnesota ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 . ▁While ▁her ▁studio ▁was ▁based ▁in ▁Ven ice ▁Beach ▁Sch er ' s ▁work ▁was ▁influenced ▁by ▁" light ▁and ▁space " ▁artists , ▁like ▁Larry ▁Bell ▁and ▁Chris ▁Bur den , ▁Robert ▁Graham , ▁Ly nd a ▁B engl is . ▁She ▁did ▁several ▁sid eline ▁jobs ▁to ▁make ▁a ▁living ▁and ▁established ▁her ▁own ▁company ▁called ▁" Sa fe ▁and ▁Sec ure ▁Produ ctions ", ▁installing ▁security ▁and ▁surve ill ance ▁equipment . |
▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁Sch er ▁started ▁using ▁security ▁cam eras ▁for ▁her ▁art work . ▁During ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s ▁she ▁was ▁living ▁and ▁working ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁and ▁Boston . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁Julia ▁Sch er ▁taught ▁the ▁first ▁Sur ve ill ance ▁Studies ▁class ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁at ▁the ▁Massachusetts ▁College ▁of ▁Art , ▁Boston . ▁She ▁received ▁a ▁fellow ship ▁at ▁Harvard ▁University / Rad cl iffe ▁Bun ting ▁Institute ▁for ▁the ▁field ▁Sur ve ill ance ▁Studies ▁ 1 9 9 6 - 1 9 9 7 ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁teaching ▁in ▁the ▁Visual ▁Arts ▁Program ▁at ▁the ▁Massachusetts ▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁- ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁- ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁She ▁has ▁also ▁lect ured ▁at ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁institutions ▁including ▁The ▁Cooper ▁Union ▁for ▁Art ▁and ▁Science , ▁Hart ford ▁University ▁Art ▁School , ▁U . C . L . A ., ▁U . S . C , ▁Harvard ▁University , ▁Columbia ▁University , ▁The ▁Institute ▁for ▁Advanced ▁Study ▁at ▁Pr inc eton , ▁and ▁R ut gers ▁University . ▁Since ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Julia ▁Sch er ▁holds ▁the ▁professor ship ▁for ▁Mult imedia ▁and ▁Performance ▁/ ▁Sur ve ill ant ▁Arch itect ures ▁at ▁the ▁Academy ▁of ▁Media ▁Arts ▁C ologne ▁( K unst ho ch schule ▁fuer ▁Medien ▁Ko eln ). ▁ ▁Art work ▁ ▁In sp ired |
▁by ▁the ▁French ▁phil os opher ▁Michel ▁Fou ca ult ▁and ▁the ▁soci ologist ▁Gary ▁T . ▁Marx , ▁Julia ▁Sch er ' s ▁work ▁focus es ▁on ▁the ▁subjects ▁surve ill ance ▁and ▁cy ber - s phere . ▁A im ing ▁at ▁the ▁expos ure ▁of ▁d angers ▁and ▁ide ologies ▁of ▁monitoring ▁systems , ▁Sch er ▁creates ▁temporary ▁and ▁trans itory ▁web / install ation / per formance ▁works ▁that ▁explore ▁issues ▁of ▁power , ▁control ▁and ▁s edu ction . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁last ▁ 2 0 ▁years , ▁her ▁research ▁has ▁expl ored ▁social ▁control ▁dynamics ▁in ▁public ▁space . ▁The ▁art ▁projects ▁have ▁taken ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁interactive ▁install ations , ▁reform ulated ▁surve ill ance , ▁site ▁t ours , ▁inter vent ions , ▁performances , ▁phot ography , ▁writing , ▁net . art , ▁linear ▁video , ▁and ▁sound . ▁ ▁Since ▁ 1 9 8 8 , ▁Sch er ▁has ▁produced ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁install ations ▁called ▁Security ▁by ▁Julia . ▁These ▁have ▁taken ▁different ▁forms ▁but ▁often ▁involve ▁a ▁person ▁we aring ▁a ▁security ▁uniform ▁and ▁an ▁inv itation ▁to ▁the ▁vie wer ▁to ▁act ively ▁particip ate ▁in ▁surve ill ance ▁culture . ▁Other ▁variations ▁of ▁the ▁install ations ▁have ▁included ▁so othing ▁voices ▁and ▁baby ▁blank ets . ▁ ▁Security land ▁and ▁Wonder land ▁are ▁elaborate ▁online ▁projects ▁Julia ▁Sch er ▁has ▁created ▁with ▁ä da ▁‘ web , ▁launched ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 |
7 , ▁respectively ; ▁they ▁were ▁preced ed ▁by ▁an ▁intro duct ory ▁tra iler ▁titled ▁D anger ▁D irty ▁Data ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁Sch er ▁offers ▁various ▁areas ▁for ▁user ▁expl oration , ▁many ▁of ▁which ▁raise ▁issues ▁of ▁control ▁and ▁personal ▁priv acy . ▁All ▁manner ▁of ▁psych olog ically ▁and ▁phys ically ▁invas ive ▁services ▁and ▁products ▁are ▁sed uct ively ▁pitch ed ▁at ▁the ▁visitor , ▁prom ising ▁to ▁alle vi ate ▁problems ▁caused ▁internally ▁and ▁extern ally . ▁Lo os ely ▁based ▁on ▁architect ural ▁and ▁clin ical ▁models , ▁Security land ▁and ▁Wonder land ▁completely ▁dest abil ize ▁the ▁notion ▁of ▁neutral ▁or ▁straightforward ▁inter change , ▁using ▁inf lections ▁that ▁are ▁lib id inal , ▁gender ed , ▁quasi - inst itution al ▁and ▁subt ly ▁threaten ing . ▁ ▁Ex hib itions ▁ ▁Sch er ’ s ▁work ▁has ▁been ▁shown ▁in ▁several ▁solo ▁and ▁group ▁exhib itions ▁including ▁the ▁Ven ice ▁B ienn ale , ▁the ▁Whit ney ▁B ienn ial , ▁the ▁W ex ner ▁Center ▁for ▁the ▁Arts , ▁Columb us , ▁Ohio , ▁the ▁Walker ▁Art ▁Center , ▁Min ne apolis , ▁Minnesota , ▁T api as ▁Museum , ▁Barcelona , ▁Museo ▁Nacional , ▁Centro ▁de ▁Arte , ▁Re ina ▁Sof ia , ▁Madrid , ▁the ▁San ▁Francisco ▁Museum ▁of ▁Modern ▁Art , ▁the ▁Muse é ▁d ’ art ▁Mod erne , ▁Paris , ▁Künstler haus , ▁Stuttgart , ▁Köln ischer ▁Kunst verein , ▁Köln , ▁the |
▁Institute ▁of ▁Contempor ary ▁Arts , ▁London ▁and ▁the ▁Mo MA ▁PS 1 , ▁New ▁York . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁Brian ▁Wall is , ▁Andrew ▁H ult kr ans , ▁Av ital ▁Ron ell , ▁and ▁Bill ▁Hor rig an ▁( 2 0 0 2 ). ▁Always ▁There , ▁L uk as ▁& ▁Stern berg ▁Publish ers . ▁▁ ▁Sch er , ▁Julia ▁( 2 0 0 2 ). ▁Tell ▁Me ▁When ▁You ' re ▁Re ady , ▁Works ▁ 1 9 9 0 - 1 9 9 5 , ▁introduction ▁by ▁Anna ▁Ind ych , ▁P FM ▁publish ers . ▁. ▁ ▁Fro h ne , ▁Urs ula , ▁Le vin , ▁Tom , ▁We ib el , ▁Peter ▁( 2 0 0 2 ). ▁C trl _ Space . ▁Rh et or ics ▁of ▁Sur ve ill ance ▁from ▁Bent ham ▁to ▁Big ▁Bro ther . ▁Z K M ▁Kar ls ru he , ▁Cambridge , ▁MA : ▁The ▁M IT ▁Press . ▁pp . 2 8 6 – 2 9 1 . ▁. ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Est her ▁Sch i pper ▁Gallery ▁Berlin ▁ ▁Art ist ' s ▁website ▁ ▁Sch er ▁works ▁in ▁SF MO MA ▁collection ▁ ▁Website ▁of ▁the ▁Academy ▁of ▁Media ▁Art ▁C ologne ▁ ▁Medien k unst net z : ▁Julia ▁Sch er ▁Biography ▁▁▁ ▁Wonder land ▁( partial ▁Text ▁by ▁Julia ▁Sch er ) ▁PA J , ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁M IT ▁Press ▁ ▁Category |
: American ▁contemporary ▁artists ▁Category : New ▁media ▁artists ▁Category : American ▁video ▁artists ▁Category : American ▁multimedia ▁artists ▁Category : Post mod ern ▁artists ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁women ▁artists ▁Category : American ▁performance ▁artists ▁Category : Net . art ists ▁Category : 1 9 5 4 ▁birth s <0x0A> </s> ▁Tri is op rop an ol am ine ▁is ▁an ▁am ine ▁used ▁for ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁industrial ▁applications ▁including ▁as ▁an ▁em uls ifier , ▁stabil izer , ▁and ▁chemical ▁intermediate . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁used ▁to ▁neutral ize ▁acid ic ▁components ▁of ▁some ▁her b ic ides . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ 1 - A min o - 2 - prop an ol ▁ ▁Di is op rop an ol am ine ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : A min es <0x0A> </s> ▁During ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 7 – 6 8 ▁season ▁Hi bern ian , ▁a ▁football ▁club ▁based ▁in ▁Edinburgh , ▁came ▁third ▁out ▁of ▁ 1 8 ▁clubs ▁in ▁the ▁Scottish ▁First ▁Division . ▁ ▁Scottish ▁First ▁Division ▁ ▁Final ▁League ▁table ▁ ▁Scottish ▁League ▁Cup ▁ ▁Group ▁Stage ▁ ▁Group ▁ 1 ▁final ▁table ▁ ▁Scottish ▁Cup ▁ ▁Inter - C ities ▁F airs ▁Cup ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁Hi bern ian ▁F . C . ▁seasons ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Hi bern ian ▁ 1 9 6 7 / 1 9 6 8 ▁results ▁and ▁fi xt ures , ▁Soccer base ▁ ▁Category : Hi bern ian |
▁F . C . ▁seasons ▁Hi bern ian <0x0A> </s> ▁Stefan ▁Ol sson ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 8 / 1 9 4 9 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Swedish ▁billion aire ▁business man ▁and ▁Catholic ▁priest , ▁and ▁ 2 4 . 5 % ▁owner ▁of ▁St ena ▁S phere . ▁ ▁Stefan ▁Ol sson ▁is ▁the ▁second ▁son ▁of ▁St en ▁All an ▁Ol sson , ▁the ▁founder ▁of ▁St ena ▁S phere . ▁His ▁sib lings ▁Dan ▁Ol sson ▁own s ▁ 5 1 % ▁and ▁Made le ine ▁Ol sson ▁Erik sson ▁own s ▁ 1 2 . 5 %. ▁ ▁Ol sson ▁is ▁a ▁Catholic ▁priest . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁married ▁and ▁lives ▁in ▁London , ▁England . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 0 s ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : S wed ish ▁business people ▁Category : S wed ish ▁billion aires <0x0A> </s> ▁Da ū rd ā d ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁At to ck ▁Te hs il ▁of ▁At to ck ▁District ▁in ▁the ▁P un j ab ▁Province ▁of ▁Pakistan . ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁some ▁ 2 3 ▁kilometres ▁n ortheast ▁of ▁At to ck ▁City . ▁ ▁Ak hor i ▁Dam , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁proposed ▁d ams ▁of ▁Northern ▁Pakistan ▁ ▁is ▁also ▁situated ▁here . ▁This ▁is ▁proposed ▁by ▁the ▁Pakistan ▁Muslim ▁League ▁( Q )' s ▁Government . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁At to ck ▁District <0x0A> </s> ▁Shaw ne |
e , ▁New ▁York ▁is ▁a ▁ham let ▁in ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Whe at field ▁in ▁Ni ag ara ▁County , ▁New ▁York , ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : H am lets ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) ▁Category : H am lets ▁in ▁Ni ag ara ▁County , ▁New ▁York <0x0A> </s> ▁Frank ▁Z appa ▁Me ets ▁the ▁M oth ers ▁of ▁Pre vention ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁album ▁by ▁Frank ▁Z appa . ▁The ▁album ▁was ▁originally ▁released ▁in ▁two ▁slightly ▁different ▁versions ▁in ▁the ▁US ▁and ▁Europe . ▁ ▁The ▁album ' s ▁title ▁is ▁a ▁reference ▁to ▁ ▁the ▁lo bb y ▁group , ▁the ▁PM RC , ▁who ▁were ▁campaign ing ▁to ▁require ▁record ▁companies ▁to ▁put ▁warning ▁stick ers ▁on ▁albums ▁they ▁considered ▁off ensive , ▁and ▁to ▁Z appa ' s ▁former ▁band , ▁the ▁M oth ers ▁of ▁In vention . ▁ ▁Release ▁ ▁Following ▁distribution ▁problems ▁with ▁Z appa ' s ▁album ▁Th ing - F ish , ▁which ▁former ▁B ark ing ▁P ump kin ▁distrib utor ▁M CA ▁Records ▁refused ▁to ▁dist ribute , ▁Z appa ▁made ▁a ▁deal ▁with ▁E MI ▁Records , ▁which ▁would ▁allow ▁Th em ▁or ▁Us ▁and ▁Th ing - F ish ▁to ▁be ▁distributed ▁by ▁Capit ol ▁Records ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁Z appa ▁wrote ▁a ▁" warning " ▁which ▁appeared ▁on ▁the ▁inner ▁sle e ves ▁of ▁these ▁albums , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁Frank ▁Z appa ▁Me ets |
▁the ▁M oth ers ▁of ▁Pre vention , ▁which ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁albums ▁contained ▁content ▁" which ▁a ▁truly ▁free ▁society ▁would ▁neither ▁fear ▁nor ▁suppress ", ▁and ▁a ▁" gu arante e " ▁which ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁lyr ics ▁would ▁not ▁" c ause ▁et ernal ▁tor ment ▁in ▁the ▁place ▁where ▁the ▁gu y ▁with ▁the ▁horn s ▁and ▁pointed ▁stick ▁conduct s ▁his ▁business ." ▁The ▁l iner ▁notes ▁also ▁contained ▁a ▁quote ▁from ▁Senator ▁Ernest ▁H oll ings , ▁who ▁test ified ▁during ▁the ▁PM RC ▁hear ings : ▁" … if ▁I ▁could ▁find ▁some ▁way ▁constitution ally ▁to ▁do ▁away ▁with ▁it ▁[ f oul ▁language ▁in ▁music ], ▁I ▁would ", ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁Z appa ' s ▁oft - re pe ated ▁l iner ▁notes ▁request ▁for ▁his ▁fans ▁to ▁register ▁to ▁vote . ▁ ▁The ▁original ▁US ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁album ▁contains ▁the ▁track ▁" P orn ▁Wars " ▁– ▁a ▁sound ▁coll age ▁featuring ▁ex cer pts ▁from ▁PM RC ▁hear ings . ▁This ▁track ▁was ▁omitted ▁from ▁non - US ▁versions , ▁and ▁replaced ▁with ▁three ▁other ▁pieces : ▁" I ▁Don ' t ▁Even ▁Care ", ▁co - written ▁by ▁Z appa ▁and ▁Johnny ▁" G uit ar " ▁Watson , ▁and ▁two ▁instrument al ▁tracks ▁– ▁" One ▁Man , ▁One ▁V ote " ▁( a ▁S ync lav ier ▁composition ) ▁and ▁" H . R . ▁ 2 9 1 1 ", ▁which ▁coll ates ▁some ▁of ▁the |
▁backing ▁music ▁from ▁" P orn ▁Wars ", ▁without ▁the ▁PM RC ▁hearing ▁ex cer pts ▁and ▁other ▁dialog ue . ▁The ▁initial ▁E MI ▁CD s ▁only ▁included ▁the ▁European ▁Version . ▁The ▁original ▁R yk od isc ▁CD s ▁added ▁two ▁of ▁the ▁three ▁European ▁tracks ▁and ▁sh uff led ▁around ▁the ▁running ▁order . ▁The ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁R yk od isc ▁rem aster ▁added ▁the ▁third ▁European ▁track ▁after ▁the ▁same ▁sh uff led ▁order . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁All ▁tracks ▁written ▁by ▁Frank ▁Z appa , ▁except ▁where ▁noted . ▁ ▁Person nel ▁Frank ▁Z appa ▁– ▁vocals , ▁guitar , ▁S ync lav ier , ▁producer ▁Johnny ▁" G uit ar " ▁Watson ▁– ▁vocals , ▁guitar ▁on ▁" I ▁Don ' t ▁Even ▁Care " ▁I ke ▁Will is ▁– ▁vocals , ▁guitar ▁Ray ▁White ▁– ▁vocals , ▁guitar ▁Bobby ▁Martin ▁– ▁vocals , ▁key boards ▁Steve ▁V ai ▁– ▁guitar ▁Tommy ▁Mars ▁– ▁key boards ▁Scott ▁Th unes ▁– ▁bass ▁Ch ad ▁W ack erman ▁– ▁drums ▁Ed ▁Mann ▁– ▁per cussion ▁Moon ▁Z appa ▁– ▁vocals ▁D we ez il ▁Z appa ▁– ▁vocals ▁John ▁Dan for th ▁– ▁voice ▁ex cer pts ▁on ▁" P orn ▁Wars " ▁Ernest ▁H oll ings ▁– ▁voice ▁ex cer pts ▁on ▁" P orn ▁Wars " ▁Paul ▁S . ▁Tri ble , ▁Jr . ▁– ▁voice ▁ex cer pts ▁on ▁" P orn ▁Wars " ▁Pa ula ▁Haw kins ▁– ▁voice ▁ex cer pts |
▁on ▁" P orn ▁Wars " ▁J . ▁James ▁Ex on ▁– ▁voice ▁ex cer pts ▁on ▁" P orn ▁Wars " ▁Al ▁G ore ▁– ▁voice ▁ex cer pts ▁on ▁" P orn ▁Wars " ▁Ti pper ▁G ore ▁– ▁voice ▁ex cer pts ▁on ▁" P orn ▁Wars " ▁Bob ▁Stone ▁– ▁engineer ▁ ▁Ch arts ▁Album ▁- ▁Billboard ▁( Un ited ▁States ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Release ▁details ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 5 ▁albums ▁Category : Al bum s ▁produced ▁by ▁Frank ▁Z appa ▁Category : B ark ing ▁P ump kin ▁Records ▁albums ▁Category : C ensor ship ▁of ▁music ▁Category : Fran k ▁Z appa ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁R uf oc lan is ▁mac cle ery i ▁is ▁a ▁moth ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁S ph ing idae . ▁It ▁is ▁known ▁from ▁T anz ania ▁and ▁Ken ya . ▁ ▁The ▁length ▁of ▁the ▁for ew ings ▁is ▁ 3 2 mm . ▁The ▁ground ▁colour ▁of ▁the ▁upp ers ide ▁of ▁the ▁for ew ings ▁is ▁light ▁p ink ish ▁c inn am on , ▁spr ink led ▁with ▁brown ▁scales ▁and ▁dark er ▁beyond ▁the ▁med ial ▁line . ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁large , ▁irregular ▁warm ▁sep ia ▁spot ▁at ▁the ▁base . ▁The ▁ground ▁colour ▁of ▁the ▁upp ers ide ▁of ▁the ▁h ind w ings ▁is ▁more ▁re dd ish ▁than ▁the ▁for ew ings , ▁with ▁a ▁large ▁terra ▁c otta ▁area ▁at ▁the ▁base . ▁The ▁ground |
▁colour ▁of ▁the ▁unders ide ▁of ▁the ▁for ew ings ▁is ▁terra ▁c otta ▁for ▁the ▁bas al ▁half , ▁while ▁the ▁remainder ▁is ▁c inn am on . ▁The ▁unders ide ▁of ▁the ▁h ind w ings ▁is ▁light ▁p ink ish ▁c inn am on ▁from ▁the ▁base ▁to ▁the ▁med ial ▁area , ▁which ▁is ▁straight ▁and ▁well ▁defined . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : R uf oc lan is ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁Category : In sect s ▁of ▁T anz ania ▁Category : M oth s ▁of ▁Africa <0x0A> </s> ▁Ch ot yn ia - K ol onia ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁administrative ▁district ▁of ▁G mina ▁Sob ole w , ▁within ▁Gar w olin ▁County , ▁Mas ov ian ▁Vo iv odes hip , ▁in ▁east - central ▁Poland . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Ch ot yn ia - K ol onia <0x0A> </s> ▁Ter ence ▁" T er ry " ▁Mon ah an ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁police ▁officer ▁and ▁administrator ▁who ▁is ▁the ▁current ▁Chief ▁of ▁Department ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Police ▁Department . ▁In ▁this ▁position , ▁he ▁super vis es ▁uniform ed ▁police ▁command ers . ▁The ▁chief ▁is ▁the ▁Department ' s ▁highest ▁ranking ▁uniform ed ▁police ▁officer ▁and ▁the ▁lead ▁official ▁responsible ▁for ▁operations . ▁Chief ▁Mon ah an ▁has ▁been ▁married ▁to ▁his ▁wife , ▁D iane , ▁for ▁over ▁ 3 0 ▁years , ▁and ▁they ▁have ▁three ▁children . ▁ |
▁Education ▁Mon ah an ▁holds ▁a ▁B . A . ▁in ▁Liberal ▁Arts ▁from ▁the ▁Ford ham ▁University . ▁ ▁Police ▁career ▁Mon ah an ▁joined ▁the ▁NY PD ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁and ▁began ▁his ▁career ▁as ▁a ▁pat rol man ▁in ▁the ▁ 4 1 st ▁P rec inct ▁in ▁the ▁Bron x . ▁Later ▁he ▁became ▁ ▁the ▁executive ▁officer ▁of ▁the ▁ 3 4 th ▁P rec inct ▁and ▁command ing ▁officer ▁of ▁the ▁ 3 4 th , ▁ 4 6 th ▁and ▁ 4 8 th ▁prec inct s ▁and ▁N arc ot ics ▁Bor ough ▁Manh attan ▁North . ▁Mon ah an ▁also ▁served ▁as ▁executive ▁officer ▁for ▁Pat rol ▁Bor ough ▁Bron x . ▁ ▁Mon ah an ▁is ▁an ▁expert ▁in ▁crowd ▁control ▁and ▁the ▁management ▁of ▁police ▁operations ▁at ▁major ▁events . ▁He ▁directed ▁police ▁operations ▁during ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁World ▁Econom ic ▁Forum , ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Republican ▁National ▁Convention , ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁World ▁Series ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁World ▁Series ▁at ▁Yan kee ▁Stadium , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Major ▁League ▁Baseball ▁All - Star ▁Game ▁at ▁C iti ▁Field . ▁During ▁his ▁ 3 5 ▁years ▁of ▁service ▁with ▁the ▁department , ▁Mon ah an ▁has ▁been ▁hon ored ▁ 2 8 ▁times ▁for ▁excellent ▁police ▁duty ▁and ▁eight ▁times ▁for ▁mer itor ious ▁police ▁duty . ▁ ▁Mon ah |
an ▁was ▁featured ▁on ▁C ops _( TV _ program ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁ ▁Prom otion ▁to ▁Chief ▁of ▁Pat rol ▁The ▁formal ▁promotion ▁to ▁Chief ▁of ▁Pat rol ▁took ▁place ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁D ates ▁of ▁Rank ▁Sw orn ▁in ▁as ▁a ▁Pat rol man ▁- ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁▁ ▁Prom oted ▁to ▁Serge ant ▁- ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁ ▁Prom oted ▁to ▁Lieutenant ▁- ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁ ▁Prom oted ▁to ▁Captain ▁- ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁ ▁Prom oted ▁to ▁Deput y ▁Ins pect or ▁- ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁ ▁Prom oted ▁to ▁Ins pect or ▁- ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁ ▁Prom oted ▁to ▁Deput y ▁Chief ▁- ▁ 2 0 0 3 Prom oted ▁to ▁Ass istant ▁Chief ▁- ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Prom oted ▁to ▁Chief ▁of ▁Pat rol ▁- ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁ ▁Chief ▁of ▁Department ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : New ▁York ▁City ▁Police ▁Department ▁officers ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : F ord ham ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : American ▁police ▁officers ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Canadian ▁Army ▁Do ctrine ▁and ▁Training ▁Centre ▁( C AD TC ) ▁( F rench : ▁ ▁formerly ▁the ▁Land ▁Force ▁Do ctrine ▁and ▁Training ▁System ▁( L FD TS |
), ▁is ▁a ▁formation ▁of ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Army ▁head qu arter ed ▁at ▁Mc N aught on ▁Bar ra cks , ▁CF B ▁King ston , ▁Ontario . ▁C AD TC ▁is ▁the ▁organization ▁that ▁is ▁responsible ▁for ▁deliver ing ▁army ▁training ▁and ▁developing ▁army ▁doctrine . ▁Appro xim ately ▁ 3 , 2 0 0 ▁officers ▁and ▁soldiers ▁are ▁assigned ▁to ▁C AD TC . ▁The ▁organization ▁was ▁renamed ▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁re organ ization ▁of ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Army . ▁ ▁Str ucture ▁The ▁Canadian ▁Army ▁Do ctrine ▁and ▁Training ▁Centre ▁is ▁composed ▁of ▁its ▁Head quarters ▁in ▁King ston ▁and ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁training ▁establish ments ▁across ▁Canada . ▁ ▁The ▁Peace ▁Support ▁Training ▁Centre , ▁located ▁at ▁CF B ▁King ston , ▁is ▁task ed ▁to ▁provide ▁training ▁to ▁Canadian ▁Army , ▁Royal ▁Canadian ▁Navy ▁and ▁Royal ▁Canadian ▁Air ▁Force ▁personnel . ▁The ▁Canadian ▁M ano e uv re ▁Training ▁Centre , ▁located ▁at ▁CF B ▁W ain w right , ▁Al berta , ▁is ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Army ' s ▁national ▁training ▁centre . ▁The ▁Com bat ▁Training ▁Centre ▁head qu arter ed ▁at ▁ 5 ▁Canadian ▁Division ▁Support ▁Base ▁G aget own , ▁New ▁Brun sw ick , ▁and ▁with ▁schools ▁at ▁G aget own , ▁and ▁at ▁CF B ▁King ston , ▁ 8 ▁Wing ▁Tr ent on ▁and ▁CF B ▁B orden ▁in ▁Ontario , ▁is ▁responsible ▁for ▁individual ▁training ▁of ▁Army ▁soldiers ▁and ▁officers . |
▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁▁ ▁History ▁of ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Army ▁ ▁Canadian ▁Forces ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Canadian ▁Army ▁Canadian ▁Army ▁Do ctrine ▁and ▁Training ▁Centre ▁Canadian ▁Army ▁Command ▁and ▁Staff ▁College ▁Com bat ▁Training ▁Centre ▁G aget own ▁ ▁Canadian ▁Army ▁Less ons ▁Lear ned ▁Centre ▁Dis patch es ▁ ▁Canadian ▁Army ▁Less ons ▁Lear ned ▁Centre ▁Bul letin ▁ ▁Category : Mil it ary ▁units ▁and ▁form ations ▁of ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Army ▁Category : Mil it ary ▁units ▁and ▁form ations ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁Ar med ▁Forces ▁education ▁and ▁training ▁establish ments ▁Category : Mil it ary ▁education ▁and ▁training ▁in ▁Canada ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁Ar med ▁Forces <0x0A> </s> ▁Ol li - P ek ka ▁P elt ola ▁( born ▁ 8 ▁September ▁ 1 9 6 9 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Finn ish ▁bi ath lete . ▁He ▁competed ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁Winter ▁Olympics ▁and ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁Winter ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : F inn ish ▁male ▁bi ath let es ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁bi ath let es ▁of ▁Finland ▁Category : Bi ath let es ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁Winter ▁Olympics ▁Category : Bi ath let es ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁Winter ▁Olympics ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁K yy jär vi <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Smith – |
P ur cell ▁effect ▁was ▁the ▁prec ursor ▁of ▁the ▁free ▁electron ▁las er ▁( F EL ). ▁It ▁was ▁studied ▁by ▁Steve ▁Smith , ▁a ▁gradu ate ▁student ▁under ▁the ▁guidance ▁of ▁Edward ▁Pur cell . ▁In ▁their ▁experiment , ▁they ▁sent ▁an ▁ener get ic ▁beam ▁of ▁electrons ▁very ▁closely ▁parallel ▁to ▁the ▁surface ▁of ▁a ▁ruled ▁optical ▁diff raction ▁gr ating , ▁and ▁thereby ▁generated ▁visible ▁light . ▁Smith ▁showed ▁there ▁was ▁neg lig ible ▁effect ▁on ▁the ▁traject ory ▁of ▁the ▁indu cing ▁electrons . ▁ ▁Ess entially , ▁this ▁is ▁a ▁form ▁of ▁Ch eren kov ▁radiation ▁where ▁the ▁phase ▁velocity ▁of ▁the ▁light ▁has ▁been ▁alter ed ▁by ▁the ▁periodic ▁gr ating . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁S . ▁J . ▁Smith ▁and ▁E . ▁M . ▁Pur cell , ▁Vis ible ▁Light ▁from ▁Local ized ▁Sur face ▁Ch arg es ▁Mov ing ▁across ▁a ▁Gr ating , ▁Phys ▁Rev ▁ 9 2 , ▁ 1 0 6 9 ▁( 1 9 5 3 ), ▁ 1 0 . 1 1 0 3 / Phys Re v . 9 2 . 1 0 6 9 ▁▁ ▁Category : Quant um ▁opt ics <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁classical ▁K ui per ▁bel t ▁object , ▁also ▁called ▁a ▁cub ew ano ▁( ▁" Q B 1 - o "), ▁is ▁a ▁low - e cc ent ric ity ▁K ui per ▁bel t ▁object ▁( K BO ) ▁that ▁or bits ▁beyond ▁Ne pt une ▁and ▁is ▁not ▁controlled ▁by |
▁an ▁orb ital ▁reson ance ▁with ▁Ne pt une . ▁Cub ew anos ▁have ▁or bits ▁with ▁semi - major ▁axes ▁in ▁the ▁ 4 0 – 5 0 AU ▁range ▁and , ▁unlike ▁Pl uto , ▁do ▁not ▁cross ▁Ne pt une ' s ▁orbit . ▁That ▁is , ▁they ▁have ▁low - e cc ent ric ity ▁and ▁sometimes ▁low - in cl ination ▁or bits ▁like ▁the ▁classical ▁plan ets . ▁ ▁The ▁name ▁" c ub ew ano " ▁der ives ▁from ▁the ▁first ▁trans - Ne pt un ian ▁object ▁( T NO ) ▁found ▁after ▁Pl uto ▁and ▁Char on , ▁ 1 5 7 6 0 ▁Alb ion , ▁which ▁until ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁had ▁only ▁had ▁the ▁prov is ional ▁design ation ▁. ▁Similar ▁objects ▁found ▁later ▁were ▁often ▁called ▁" Q B 1 - o ' s ", ▁or ▁" c ub ew anos ", ▁after ▁this ▁object , ▁though ▁the ▁term ▁" class ical " ▁is ▁much ▁more ▁frequently ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁scientific ▁literature . ▁ ▁Object s ▁identified ▁as ▁cub ew anos ▁include : ▁▁ 1 5 7 6 0 ▁Alb ion ▁( aka ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁Q B 1 ▁and ▁gave ▁rise ▁to ▁term ▁' C ub ew ano ') ▁▁ 1 3 6 4 7 2 ▁Mak em ake , ▁the ▁largest ▁known ▁cub ew ano ▁and ▁a ▁d war f ▁planet ▁▁▁ 5 0 0 0 0 ▁Qu ao ar ▁and ▁ 2 |
0 0 0 0 ▁Var una , ▁each ▁considered ▁the ▁largest ▁T NO ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁discovery ▁▁▁ 1 9 5 2 1 ▁Cha os , ▁ 5 8 5 3 4 ▁Log os , ▁ 5 3 3 1 1 ▁De u cal ion , ▁ 6 6 6 5 2 ▁Bor as isi , ▁ 8 8 6 1 1 ▁Te h aron h ia w ako ▁ ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁▁▁ 4 8 6 9 5 8 ▁Ar rok oth ▁▁ 1 3 6 1 0 8 ▁Ha ume a ▁was ▁provision ally ▁listed ▁as ▁a ▁cub ew ano ▁by ▁the ▁Minor ▁Planet ▁Center ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁but ▁was ▁later ▁found ▁to ▁be ▁in ▁a ▁reson ant ▁orbit . ▁ ▁: ▁' hot ' ▁and ▁' c old ' ▁populations ▁▁ ▁There ▁are ▁two ▁basic ▁dynam ical ▁classes ▁of ▁classical ▁K ui per - b elt ▁bodies : ▁those ▁with ▁relatively ▁un pert urbed ▁(' c old ') ▁or bits , ▁and ▁those ▁with ▁marked ly ▁pert urbed ▁(' hot ') ▁or bits . ▁ ▁Most ▁cub ew anos ▁are ▁found ▁between ▁the ▁ 2 : 3 ▁orb ital ▁reson ance ▁with ▁Ne pt une ▁( pop ulated ▁by ▁plut inos ) ▁and ▁the ▁ 1 : 2 ▁reson ance . ▁ 5 0 0 0 0 ▁Qu ao ar , ▁for ▁example , ▁has ▁a ▁near - circ ular ▁orbit ▁close ▁to ▁the ▁e cli ptic . ▁Pl ut inos , ▁on ▁the ▁other |
▁hand , ▁have ▁more ▁ecc ent ric ▁or bits ▁bringing ▁some ▁of ▁them ▁closer ▁to ▁the ▁Sun ▁than ▁Ne pt une . ▁ ▁The ▁majority ▁of ▁classical ▁objects , ▁the ▁so - called ▁cold ▁population , ▁have ▁low ▁incl in ations ▁( < 5 ° ) ▁and ▁near - circ ular ▁or bits , ▁lying ▁between ▁ 4 2 ▁and ▁ 4 7 AU . ▁A ▁smaller ▁population ▁( the ▁hot ▁population ) ▁is ▁character ised ▁by ▁highly ▁incl ined , ▁more ▁ecc ent ric ▁or bits . ▁The ▁terms ▁' hot ' ▁and ▁' c old ' ▁has ▁nothing ▁to ▁do ▁with ▁surface ▁or ▁internal ▁temper atures . ▁Instead , ▁the ▁terms ▁' hot ▁and ▁' c old ' ▁refer ▁to ▁the ▁or bits ▁of ▁the ▁objects , ▁by ▁anal ogy ▁to ▁particles ▁in ▁a ▁gas , ▁which ▁increase ▁their ▁relative ▁velocity ▁as ▁they ▁become ▁he ated ▁up . ▁ ▁The ▁Deep ▁E cli ptic ▁Survey ▁reports ▁the ▁distributions ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁populations ; ▁one ▁with ▁the ▁incl ination ▁centered ▁at ▁ 4 . 6 ° ▁( named ▁Core ) ▁and ▁another ▁with ▁incl in ations ▁extending ▁beyond ▁ 3 0 ° ▁( H alo ). ▁ ▁Distribution ▁ ▁The ▁vast ▁majority ▁of ▁K BO s ▁( more ▁than ▁two - third s ) ▁have ▁incl in ations ▁of ▁less ▁than ▁ 5 ° ▁and ▁ecc ent ric ities ▁of ▁less ▁than ▁ 0 . 1 . ▁Their ▁semi - major ▁axes ▁show ▁a ▁preference ▁for ▁the ▁middle ▁of |
▁the ▁main ▁bel t ; ▁arg u ably , ▁smaller ▁objects ▁close ▁to ▁the ▁limit ing ▁reson ances ▁have ▁been ▁either ▁captured ▁into ▁reson ance ▁or ▁have ▁their ▁or bits ▁modified ▁by ▁Ne pt une . ▁ ▁The ▁' hot ' ▁and ▁' c old ' ▁populations ▁are ▁strik ingly ▁different : ▁more ▁than ▁ 3 0 % ▁of ▁all ▁cub ew anos ▁are ▁in ▁low ▁incl ination , ▁near - circ ular ▁or bits . ▁The ▁parameters ▁of ▁the ▁plut inos ’ ▁or bits ▁are ▁more ▁even ly ▁distributed , ▁with ▁a ▁local ▁maximum ▁in ▁moder ate ▁ecc ent ric ities ▁in ▁ 0 . 1 5 – 0 . 2 ▁range , ▁and ▁low ▁incl in ations ▁ 5 – 1 0 ° . ▁See ▁also ▁the ▁comparison ▁with ▁scattered ▁disk ▁objects . ▁ ▁When ▁the ▁orb ital ▁ecc ent ric ities ▁of ▁cub ew anos ▁and ▁plut inos ▁are ▁compared , ▁it ▁can ▁be ▁seen ▁that ▁the ▁cub ew anos ▁form ▁a ▁clear ▁' b elt ' ▁outside ▁Ne pt une ' s ▁orbit , ▁whereas ▁the ▁plut inos ▁approach , ▁or ▁even ▁cross ▁Ne pt une ' s ▁orbit . ▁When ▁orb ital ▁incl in ations ▁are ▁compared , ▁' hot ' ▁cub ew anos ▁can ▁be ▁easily ▁distinguished ▁by ▁their ▁higher ▁incl in ations , ▁as ▁the ▁plut inos ▁typically ▁keep ▁or bits ▁below ▁ 2 0 ° . ▁( No ▁clear ▁explanation ▁currently ▁exists ▁for ▁the ▁incl in ations ▁of ▁' hot ' ▁cub ew anos .) |
▁ ▁Cold ▁and ▁hot ▁populations : ▁physical ▁characteristics ▁ ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁the ▁distinct ▁orb ital ▁characteristics , ▁the ▁two ▁populations ▁display ▁different ▁physical ▁characteristics . ▁ ▁The ▁difference ▁in ▁colour ▁between ▁the ▁red ▁cold ▁population , ▁such ▁as ▁ 4 8 6 9 5 8 ▁Ar rok oth , ▁and ▁more ▁heter ogeneous ▁hot ▁population ▁was ▁observed ▁as ▁early ▁as ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁Rec ent ▁studies , ▁based ▁on ▁a ▁larger ▁data ▁set , ▁indicate ▁the ▁cut - off ▁incl ination ▁of ▁ 1 2 ° ▁( inst ead ▁of ▁ 5 ° ) ▁between ▁the ▁cold ▁and ▁hot ▁populations ▁and ▁confirm ▁the ▁distinction ▁between ▁the ▁hom ogen ous ▁red ▁cold ▁population ▁and ▁the ▁bl u ish ▁hot ▁population . ▁ ▁Another ▁difference ▁between ▁the ▁low - in cl ination ▁( c old ) ▁and ▁high - in cl ination ▁( hot ) ▁classical ▁objects ▁is ▁the ▁observed ▁number ▁of ▁binary ▁objects . ▁Bin aries ▁are ▁quite ▁common ▁on ▁low - in cl ination ▁or bits ▁and ▁are ▁typically ▁similar - br ight ness ▁systems . ▁Bin aries ▁are ▁less ▁common ▁on ▁high - in cl ination ▁or bits ▁and ▁their ▁components ▁typically ▁differ ▁in ▁bright ness . ▁This ▁correlation , ▁together ▁with ▁the ▁differences ▁in ▁colour , ▁support ▁further ▁the ▁suggestion ▁that ▁the ▁currently ▁observed ▁classical ▁objects ▁belong ▁to ▁at ▁least ▁two ▁different ▁over la pping ▁populations , ▁with ▁different ▁physical ▁properties ▁and ▁orb ital ▁history . ▁ ▁Tow ard ▁a ▁formal ▁definition ▁ ▁There ▁is ▁no |
▁official ▁definition ▁of ▁' c ub ew ano ' ▁or ▁' class ical ▁K BO '. ▁However , ▁the ▁terms ▁are ▁normally ▁used ▁to ▁refer ▁to ▁objects ▁free ▁from ▁significant ▁perturb ation ▁from ▁Ne pt une , ▁thereby ▁ex cluding ▁K BO s ▁in ▁orb ital ▁reson ance ▁with ▁Ne pt une ▁( res on ant ▁trans - Ne pt un ian ▁objects ). ▁The ▁Minor ▁Planet ▁Center ▁( MP C ) ▁and ▁the ▁Deep ▁E cli ptic ▁Survey ▁( DE S ) ▁do ▁not ▁list ▁cub ew anos ▁( class ical ▁objects ) ▁using ▁the ▁same ▁criteria . ▁Many ▁T NO s ▁class ified ▁as ▁cub ew anos ▁by ▁the ▁M PC ▁are ▁class ified ▁as ▁Sc at N ear ▁( poss ibly ▁scattered ▁by ▁Ne pt une ) ▁by ▁the ▁DES . ▁D war f ▁planet ▁Mak em ake ▁is ▁such ▁a ▁border line ▁classical ▁cub ew ano / sc at near ▁object . ▁ ▁may ▁be ▁an ▁inner ▁cub ew ano ▁near ▁the ▁plut inos . ▁Furthermore , ▁there ▁is ▁evidence ▁that ▁the ▁K ui per ▁bel t ▁has ▁an ▁' edge ', ▁in ▁that ▁an ▁apparent ▁lack ▁of ▁low - in cl ination ▁objects ▁beyond ▁ 4 7 – 4 9 AU ▁was ▁sus pected ▁as ▁early ▁as ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁and ▁shown ▁with ▁more ▁data ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁Con sequently , ▁the ▁traditional ▁usage ▁of ▁the ▁terms ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁orbit ' s ▁semi - major ▁axis , ▁and ▁includes |
▁objects ▁situated ▁between ▁the ▁ 2 : 3 ▁and ▁ 1 : 2 ▁reson ances , ▁that ▁is ▁between ▁ 3 9 . 4 ▁and ▁ 4 7 . 8 ▁A U ▁( with ▁ex clusion ▁of ▁these ▁reson ances ▁and ▁the ▁minor ▁ones ▁in - between ). ▁ ▁These ▁definitions ▁lack ▁precision : ▁in ▁particular ▁the ▁boundary ▁between ▁the ▁classical ▁objects ▁and ▁the ▁scattered ▁disk ▁remains ▁bl ur red . ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁there ▁are ▁ 3 7 7 ▁objects ▁with ▁peri hel ion ▁( q ) ▁> ▁ 4 0 ▁A U ▁and ▁a ph el ion ▁( Q ) ▁< ▁ 4 7 ▁A U . ▁ ▁DES ▁classification ▁ ▁Int rodu ced ▁by ▁the ▁report ▁from ▁the ▁Deep ▁E cli ptic ▁Survey ▁by ▁J . ▁L . ▁Elli ott ▁et ▁al . ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁uses ▁formal ▁criteria ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁mean ▁orb ital ▁parameters . ▁Put ▁inform ally , ▁the ▁definition ▁includes ▁the ▁objects ▁that ▁have ▁never ▁crossed ▁the ▁orbit ▁of ▁Ne pt une . ▁According ▁to ▁this ▁definition , ▁an ▁object ▁qual ifies ▁as ▁a ▁classical ▁K BO ▁if : ▁ ▁it ▁is ▁not ▁reson ant ▁ ▁its ▁average ▁T isser and ' s ▁parameter ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁Ne pt une ▁exceed s ▁ 3 ▁ ▁its ▁average ▁ecc ent ric ity ▁is ▁less ▁than ▁ 0 . 2 . ▁ ▁S SBN 0 7 ▁classification ▁ ▁An ▁alternative ▁classification , ▁introduced ▁by ▁B . ▁Glad man , ▁B |
. ▁Mars den ▁and ▁C . ▁van ▁La er h oven ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁uses ▁a ▁ 1 0 - mill ion - year ▁orbit ▁integration ▁instead ▁of ▁the ▁T isser and ' s ▁parameter . ▁Class ical ▁objects ▁are ▁defined ▁as ▁not ▁reson ant ▁and ▁not ▁being ▁currently ▁scattered ▁by ▁Ne pt une . ▁ ▁Form ally , ▁this ▁definition ▁includes ▁as ▁classical ▁all ▁objects ▁with ▁their ▁current ▁or bits ▁that ▁are ▁non - res on ant ▁( see ▁the ▁definition ▁of ▁the ▁method ) ▁have ▁a ▁semi - major ▁axis ▁greater ▁than ▁that ▁of ▁Ne pt une ▁( 3 0 . 1 ▁A U ; ▁i . e . ▁ex cluding ▁cent a urs ) ▁but ▁less ▁than ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁A U ▁( to ▁exclude ▁inner - O ort - cloud ▁objects ) ▁are ▁not ▁being ▁scattered ▁by ▁Ne pt une ▁have ▁their ▁ecc ent ric ity ▁ ▁( to ▁exclude ▁det ached ▁objects ) ▁Un like ▁other ▁schemes , ▁this ▁definition ▁includes ▁the ▁objects ▁with ▁major ▁semi - axis ▁less ▁than ▁ 3 9 . 4 ▁A U ▁( 2 : 3 ▁reson ance ) — ter med ▁inner ▁classical ▁bel t , ▁or ▁more ▁than ▁ 4 8 . 7 ▁( 1 : 2 ▁reson ance ) ▁– ▁term ed ▁outer ▁classical ▁bel t , ▁and ▁res erves ▁the ▁term ▁main ▁classical ▁bel t ▁for ▁the ▁or bits ▁between ▁these ▁two ▁reson ances . ▁ ▁Famil ies ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁known ▁coll |
is ional ▁family ▁in ▁the ▁classical ▁K ui per ▁bel t — a ▁group ▁of ▁objects ▁thought ▁to ▁be ▁rem n ants ▁from ▁the ▁break up ▁of ▁a ▁single ▁body — is ▁the ▁Ha ume a ▁family . ▁It ▁includes ▁Ha ume a , ▁its ▁mo ons , ▁ ▁and ▁seven ▁smaller ▁bodies . † ▁The ▁objects ▁not ▁only ▁follow ▁similar ▁or bits ▁but ▁also ▁share ▁similar ▁physical ▁characteristics . ▁Un like ▁many ▁other ▁K BO ▁their ▁surface ▁contains ▁large ▁amounts ▁of ▁ice ▁( H 2 O ) ▁and ▁no ▁or ▁very ▁little ▁th ol ins . ▁The ▁surface ▁composition ▁is ▁infer red ▁from ▁their ▁neutral ▁( as ▁opposed ▁to ▁red ) ▁colour ▁and ▁deep ▁absor ption ▁at ▁ 1 . 5 ▁and ▁ 2 . ▁ μ m ▁in ▁inf ra red ▁spectrum . ▁Several ▁other ▁coll is ional ▁families ▁might ▁res ide ▁in ▁the ▁classical ▁K ui per ▁bel t . ▁ ▁† As ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁The ▁four ▁bright est ▁objects ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁are ▁situated ▁on ▁the ▁graphs ▁inside ▁the ▁circle ▁representing ▁Ha ume a . ▁ ▁Ex pl oration ▁▁ ▁As ▁of ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁only ▁one ▁classical ▁K ui per ▁bel t ▁object ▁has ▁been ▁observed ▁up ▁close ▁by ▁space craft . ▁Both ▁Vo y ager ▁space craft s ▁have ▁passed ▁through ▁the ▁region ▁before ▁the ▁discovery ▁of ▁the ▁K ui per ▁bel t . ▁New ▁Hor iz ons ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁mission ▁to ▁visit ▁a ▁classical ▁K BO |
. ▁After ▁its ▁successful ▁expl oration ▁of ▁the ▁Pl uto ▁system ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁the ▁NASA ▁space craft ▁has ▁visited ▁the ▁small ▁K BO ▁ 4 8 6 9 5 8 ▁Ar rok oth ▁at ▁a ▁distance ▁of ▁ ▁on ▁ 1 J anu ary ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁List ▁▁ ▁Here ▁is ▁a ▁very ▁generic ▁list ▁of ▁classical ▁K ui per ▁bel t ▁objects . ▁, ▁there ▁are ▁about ▁ 5 7 9 objects ▁with ▁ ▁and ▁. ▁ ▁Foot notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links <0x0A> </s> ▁In ▁December ▁ 1 9 6 9 , ▁nine ▁African - Amer icans ▁met ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁to ▁discuss ▁the ▁unique ▁challeng es ▁and ▁limited ▁opportun ities ▁they ▁faced ▁in ▁the ▁account ing ▁profession . ▁In ▁that ▁year , ▁there ▁were ▁only ▁ 1 3 6 ▁African - American ▁Cert ified ▁Public ▁Account ants ▁( CP A ' s ) ▁out ▁of ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁This ▁group ▁wanted ▁to ▁establish ▁an ▁organization ▁to ▁address ▁the ▁concerns ▁of ▁minor ities ▁entering ▁the ▁account ing ▁profession ▁and ▁to ▁make ▁a ▁commit ment ▁to ▁professional ▁and ▁academic ▁excell ence . ▁The ▁following ▁nine ▁individuals ▁who ▁met ▁that ▁month ▁were ▁determined ▁to ▁" make ▁a ▁difference " ▁and ▁let ▁their ▁voices ▁be ▁heard . ▁The ▁National ▁Association ▁of ▁Black ▁Account ants ▁( N AB A , ▁Inc .), ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁non pro fit |
▁professional ▁association ▁that ▁represents ▁the ▁interests ▁of ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁black ▁profession als ▁in ▁further ing ▁their ▁educational ▁and ▁professional ▁goals ▁in ▁account ing , ▁fin ance , ▁and ▁related ▁business ▁prof essions . ▁Student ▁members ▁are ▁served ▁throughout ▁the ▁organization ' s ▁ 2 0 0 ▁chap ters ▁around ▁the ▁country . ▁N AB A ' s ▁membership ▁includes ▁entry ▁and ▁mid - level ▁account ants , ▁aud itors ▁and ▁financial ▁professional , ▁senior - level ▁man agers ▁and ▁execut ives , ▁firm ▁partners , ▁as ▁well ▁account ing , ▁fin ance , ▁business , ▁and ▁IT ▁students . ▁About ▁half ▁of ▁N AB A ' s ▁members ▁work ▁in ▁corpor ate ▁America , ▁with ▁the ▁remainder ▁serving ▁in ▁non pro fit , ▁government , ▁academic , ▁and ▁international ▁aren as . ▁Fort y ▁percent ▁hold ▁advanced ▁degrees ▁and ▁ 4 5 % ▁hold ▁professional ▁cert ifications . ▁N AB A ▁is ▁also ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁corpor ate ▁members ▁who ▁represent ▁hundreds ▁of ▁African ▁American - owned ▁C PA ▁fir ms ▁around ▁the ▁country . ▁ ▁Mission ▁ ▁N AB A ' s ▁mot to ▁is ▁“ L ifting ▁As ▁We ▁Cl imb ,” ▁which ▁is ▁emb od ied ▁in ▁its ▁official ▁logo ▁dep ict ing ▁two ▁inter locked ▁hands , ▁with ▁one ▁pulling ▁the ▁other ▁up . ▁The ▁image ▁denotes ▁both ▁the ▁political ▁struggle ▁the ▁organization ▁faced ▁at ▁its ▁found ing ▁and ▁the ▁goal ▁of ▁helping ▁future ▁gener ations ▁of ▁account ing ▁profession als |
. ▁The ▁organization ▁came ▁into ▁existence ▁during ▁a ▁period ▁of ▁time ▁in ▁which ▁black s ▁and ▁other ▁minor ities ▁faced ▁obst acles ▁in ▁being ▁recognized ▁and ▁being ▁promoted ▁in ▁the ▁profession . ▁It ▁became ▁a ▁vehicle ▁through ▁which ▁minor ity ▁profession als ▁could ▁be ▁assist ed ▁as ▁they ▁clim bed ▁the ▁corpor ate ▁lad der , ▁obtained ▁the ▁Cert ified ▁Public ▁Account ant ▁( CP A ) ▁design ation , ▁and ▁prepared ▁for ▁partners hip ▁in ▁top ▁fir ms . ▁Moreover , ▁the ▁organization ' s ▁operating ▁model ▁encourag es ▁veter an ▁profession als ▁to ▁inc ub ate ▁and ▁ment or ▁students ▁entering ▁the ▁profession . ▁ ▁Through ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁programs ▁and ▁partners hips ▁with ▁like - mind ed ▁organizations , ▁con ferences , ▁publications , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁advoc acy , ▁N AB A ▁a ims ▁to : ▁ ▁Prom ote ▁and ▁develop ▁the ▁professional ▁skills ▁of ▁members ▁ ▁Gro om ▁college ▁students ▁entering ▁the ▁account ing ▁profession ▁and ▁attract ▁younger ▁students ▁to ▁the ▁profession ▁ ▁Prov ide ▁opportun ities ▁for ▁members ▁to ▁ful fill ▁their ▁civ ic ▁respons ib ilities ▁ ▁Prom ote ▁public ▁confidence ▁in ▁members , ▁their ▁credentials , ▁and ▁the ▁professional ▁services ▁they ▁provide ▁ ▁Represent ▁the ▁interests ▁of ▁members ▁in ▁educational , ▁political , ▁and ▁social ▁domains ▁ ▁Ens ure ▁long - term ▁financial ▁stability ▁and ▁provide ▁ade qu ate ▁resources ▁for ▁chapter , ▁regional , ▁and ▁national ▁programs ▁ ▁Organ iz ational ▁structure ▁The ▁association ▁is ▁a ▁ 5 0 1 ( c )( 3 |
) ▁non pro fit ▁membership ▁organization . ▁There ▁are ▁two ▁classes ▁of ▁membership : ▁student ▁and ▁professional . ▁Professional ▁members ▁may ▁also ▁opt ▁to ▁obtain ▁the ▁L if etime ▁Member ▁design ation . ▁The ▁ 1 6 0 ▁student ▁chap ters ▁are ▁named ▁by ▁their ▁college ▁or ▁university ▁and ▁fall ▁under ▁the ▁aus p ices ▁of ▁the ▁nearest ▁of ▁the ▁ 4 8 ▁professional ▁chap ters . ▁A ▁National ▁Board ▁of ▁Direct ors , ▁which ▁includes ▁regional ▁leaders , ▁gover ns ▁the ▁entire ▁organization . ▁The ▁headquarters ▁is ▁in ▁Green b elt , ▁Maryland . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁N AB A ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁by ▁nine ▁African ▁American ▁account ants ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City , ▁and ▁for ▁forty ▁years ▁has ▁addressed ▁the ▁system atic ▁challeng es ▁faced ▁by ▁minor ity ▁account ing ▁profession als . ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 9 , ▁there ▁were ▁ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁people ▁who ▁held ▁the ▁Cert ified ▁Public ▁Account ant ▁( CP A ) ▁design ation – only ▁ 1 5 0 ▁ ▁of ▁them ▁were ▁African ▁American . ▁That ▁same ▁year , ▁the ▁American ▁Institute ▁of ▁Cert ified ▁Public ▁Account ants — the ▁professional ▁body ▁that ▁awards ▁CP As — pass ed ▁a ▁resolution ▁on ▁the ▁lack ▁of ▁divers ity ▁in ▁the ▁account ing ▁profession ▁and ▁established ▁the ▁Minor ity ▁In iti ative ▁Committee , ▁which ▁along ▁with ▁N AB A , ▁continues ▁to ▁study ▁and ▁provide ▁solutions ▁that ▁eliminate ▁the ▁bar riers ▁to ▁success ▁in |
▁the ▁profession ▁by ▁people ▁of ▁color . ▁ ▁Today , ▁through ▁the ▁efforts ▁of ▁N AB A , ▁the ▁A IC PA , ▁and ▁other ▁interested ▁groups , ▁there ▁are ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁African ▁Americans ▁particip ating ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁account ing , ▁of ▁which ▁more ▁than ▁ 5 , 0 0 0 ▁are ▁CP As . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁leader ▁in ▁the ▁business ▁community , ▁N AB A ▁continues ▁to ▁create ▁opportun ities ▁to ▁en large ▁the ▁pipeline ▁of ▁African ▁Americans ▁into ▁every ▁level ▁of ▁account ing ▁and ▁fin ance , ▁as ▁it ▁recogn izes ▁that ▁the ▁growth ▁of ▁the ▁black s ▁in ▁the ▁profession ▁remains ▁a ▁significant ▁challenge . ▁Minor ities ▁make ▁up ▁slightly ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 5 % ▁of ▁en roll ments ▁in ▁b ach elor ' s ▁degree ▁programs : ▁ 1 1 . 5 % ▁African ▁American , ▁ 7 % ▁Asian , ▁ 6 % ▁His pan ic , ▁ 1 % ▁American ▁Indian / Al ask an ▁Native , ▁and ▁ 6 . 5 % ▁of ▁mixed ▁or ▁unknown ▁eth nic ity . ▁At ▁the ▁master ' s ▁level , ▁African ▁American ▁en roll ment ▁falls ▁to ▁just ▁ 6 %. ▁ ▁Ch alleng es ▁of ▁African ▁Americans ▁in ▁Ob tain ing ▁the ▁C PA ▁ ▁Given ▁the ▁importance ▁of ▁the ▁C PA ▁design ation ▁in ▁reaching ▁top ▁levels ▁of ▁the ▁profession , ▁N AB A ▁extends ▁significant ▁resources ▁to ▁help ▁its ▁members ▁achieve ▁this ▁mark ▁and |
▁to ▁study ▁the ▁factors ▁that ▁imp ose ▁bar riers ▁to ▁obtain ing ▁it . ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁N AB A , ▁along ▁with ▁Howard ▁University ' s ▁Center ▁for ▁Account ing ▁Education , ▁held ▁the ▁first ▁C PA ▁Ex am ination ▁Sum mit ▁▁ ▁at ▁N AB A ' s ▁Ann ual ▁National ▁Convention . ▁The ▁conven ing ▁gathered ▁participants ▁from ▁public ▁account ing , ▁industry , ▁and ▁academ ia ▁to ▁explore ▁why — des p ite ▁their ▁increasing ▁numbers ▁in ▁college ▁degree ▁programs — g row ing ▁numbers ▁of ▁African ▁Americans ▁were ▁not ▁sitting ▁for ▁or ▁passing ▁the ▁C PA ▁exam ination . ▁ ▁The ▁Sum mit ▁un ear th ed ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁issues , ▁including ▁gener ational ▁challeng es , ▁lack ▁of ▁black ▁C PA ▁role ▁models , ▁and ▁exam ▁mechan ics . ▁A ▁second ▁Sum mit ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁several ▁programs ▁within ▁N AB A ▁and ▁other ▁organizations ▁to ▁resolve ▁these ▁issues , ▁with ▁financial ▁support ▁from ▁account ing ▁fir ms ▁Ernst ▁& ▁Young ▁and ▁Del o itte . ▁ ▁Program s ▁and ▁In iti atives ▁ ▁N AB A ' s ▁programs ▁consist ▁of ▁professional ▁development , ▁networking ▁opportun ities , ▁job ▁pla cement , ▁continu ing ▁education , ▁technical ▁training , ▁national ▁and ▁regional ▁con ferences , ▁and ▁public ▁service ▁initi atives . ▁▁ ▁The ▁Center ▁for ▁Ad van cement ▁of ▁Minor ity ▁Account ants ▁( CA MA ) ▁rec ruits , ▁develop s |
, ▁and ▁supports ▁tal ented ▁minor ities ▁interested ▁in ▁account ing , ▁fin ance , ▁and ▁related ▁business ▁fields ▁through ▁partners hips ▁among ▁N AB A ▁chap ters , ▁corpor ations , ▁and ▁colleg es ▁and ▁univers ities . ▁ ▁C PA ▁B ound ▁grew ▁out ▁of ▁N AB A ' s ▁President ' s ▁Ad vis ory ▁Council ▁to ▁increase ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁African ▁American ▁CP As . ▁In ▁concert ▁with ▁Howard ▁University ▁and ▁Be cker ▁C PA ▁Review , ▁the ▁program ▁offers ▁an ▁int ensive ▁seven - week ▁Boot ▁Camp ▁for ▁young ▁profession als ▁prepar ing ▁to ▁sit ▁for ▁the ▁C PA ▁exam . ▁C PA ▁B ound ▁also ▁hosts ▁the ▁annual ▁C PA ▁Ex am ination ▁Sum mit ▁to ▁monitor ▁progress ▁of ▁efforts ▁to ▁increase ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁minor ities ▁passing ▁the ▁exam . ▁ ▁N AB A ' s ▁Account ing ▁Career ▁A war eness ▁Program ▁( AC AP ) ▁is ▁an ▁annual ▁one - week ▁res iden cy ▁program ▁for ▁high ▁school ▁students ▁to ▁be ▁introduced ▁account ing , ▁fin ance , ▁and ▁general ▁business ▁concepts . ▁ ▁For ▁professional ▁members , ▁N AB A ▁provides ▁continu ing ▁professional ▁education ▁cred its ▁( C PE s ) ▁through ▁technical ▁sessions ▁held ▁throughout ▁the ▁year ▁and ▁at ▁the ▁Ann ual ▁National ▁Convention . ▁N AB A ▁is ▁registered ▁with ▁the ▁National ▁Association ▁of ▁State ▁Bo ards ▁of ▁Account ancy ▁as ▁an ▁official ▁spons or ▁of ▁continu ing ▁professional ▁education . ▁ ▁N AB A ▁hosts ▁a ▁three - t |
ier ed ▁Le ad ership ▁Development ▁Institute ▁that ▁helps ▁participants ▁bridge ▁the ▁gap ▁from ▁mid - to - sen ior - to ▁executive ▁levels ▁of ▁business ▁leadership . ▁The ▁instit utes ▁take ▁place ▁in ▁conj unction ▁with ▁N AB A ' s ▁Ann ual ▁National ▁Convention . ▁ ▁Student ▁members ▁of ▁N AB A ▁have ▁access ▁to ▁its ▁National ▁Sch olar ship ▁Program , ▁which ▁has ▁offered ▁more ▁than ▁$ 7 . 1 ▁million ▁in ▁support ▁since ▁beginning ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 . ▁The ▁Dist ingu ished ▁Colleg ian ▁Award ▁is ▁the ▁organization ' s ▁highest ▁student ▁honor ▁and ▁recogn izes ▁N AB A ▁students ▁who ▁are ▁making ▁a ▁difference ▁in ▁their ▁chap ters ▁and ▁communities . ▁The ▁Student ▁Case ▁Study ▁Compet ition ▁is ▁a ▁rig orous ▁challenge ▁between ▁student ▁teams ▁who ▁research , ▁develop , ▁and ▁prepare ▁or al ▁present ations ▁that ▁address ▁account ing ▁and ▁business ▁topics . ▁The ▁competition ▁takes ▁place ▁each ▁year ▁at ▁N AB A ' s ▁Ann ual ▁National ▁Convention . ▁ ▁Community ▁service ▁is ▁an ▁important ▁part ▁of ▁N AB A ▁membership . ▁Each ▁year , ▁members ▁take ▁time ▁away ▁from ▁the ▁Ann ual ▁National ▁Convention ▁and ▁complete ▁an ▁out re ach ▁mission ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁N AB A ' s ▁Day ▁of ▁Service . ▁It ▁began ▁when ▁N AB A ' s ▁convention ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁New ▁Orleans ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁and ▁will ▁continue ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁in ▁Houston . ▁Moreover , ▁N AB A ▁professional ▁members |
▁ann ually ▁c osp ons or ▁I RS ▁Vol unte er ▁In come ▁Tax ▁Ass istance ▁Program ▁sites ▁to ▁help ▁low - to - mod er ate ▁income ▁people ▁prepare ▁their ▁tax ▁returns . ▁ ▁N AB A ▁also ▁partners ▁with ▁the ▁A IC PA ▁to ▁bring ▁compreh ensive ▁consumer ▁financial ▁liter acy ▁education ▁to ▁youth , ▁students , ▁and ▁low - to - mod er ate ▁income ▁families . ▁ ▁Con ferences ▁Each ▁year , ▁the ▁Association ▁hosts ▁five ▁regional ▁con ferences ▁in ▁the ▁fall ▁for ▁students . ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁professional ▁development ▁sessions , ▁students ▁receive ▁scholar ships ▁and ▁apply ▁for ▁intern ships . ▁Sen iors ▁are ▁scheduled ▁for ▁on site ▁inter views ▁for ▁employ ment ▁following ▁gradu ation . ▁Each ▁June , ▁N AB A ▁conven es ▁the ▁general ▁membership ▁for ▁large - scale ▁networking ▁sessions ▁and ▁student ▁development ▁opportun ities , ▁leadership ▁training , ▁professional ▁awards , ▁student ▁case ▁competition , ▁the ▁N AB A ▁Day ▁of ▁Service , ▁and ▁scholar ship ▁awards . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Account ing ▁Fir ms ▁Se ek ▁to ▁D ivers ify ▁Image , ▁Washington ▁Post ▁ ▁Integr ation ▁of ▁Black s ▁in ▁the ▁Account ing ▁Prof ession , ▁The ▁C PA ▁Journal ▁ ▁Exp and ing ▁the ▁R anks ▁of ▁African - American ▁CP As , ▁Journal ▁of ▁Account ancy ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁National ▁Association ▁of ▁Black ▁Account ants , ▁Inc . ▁ ▁N AB A ▁Division ▁of ▁Fir ms ▁ ▁Howard ▁University ▁Center ▁for ▁Account ing ▁Education ▁ |
▁American ▁Institute ▁of ▁Cert ified ▁Public ▁Account ants ▁ ▁National ▁Association ▁of ▁State ▁Bo ards ▁of ▁Account ancy ▁ ▁Category : Account ing ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : A fr ican - American ▁professional ▁organizations ▁Category : Green b elt , ▁Maryland <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁ven om oid ▁is ▁a ▁ven om ous ▁s nake ▁that ▁has ▁under g one ▁a ▁surg ical ▁procedure ▁to ▁remove ▁or ▁in hib it ▁the ▁production ▁of ▁s nake ▁ven om . ▁This ▁procedure ▁has ▁been ▁used ▁for ▁ven om ous ▁sn akes ▁kept ▁as ▁p ets ▁or ▁used ▁in ▁public ▁demonstr ations ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁remove ▁the ▁risk ▁of ▁injury ▁or ▁death ▁when ▁handled . ▁The ▁removal ▁of ▁ven om ▁g lands ▁or ▁f angs ▁of ▁exhib ited ▁animals ▁may ▁be ▁by ▁surg ery ▁or ▁simple ▁m util ation ; ▁some ▁or ▁all ▁of ▁these ▁procedures ▁have ▁been ▁considered ▁illegal ▁and ▁un eth ical . ▁Rem oval ▁of ▁f angs ▁is ▁un common , ▁as ▁sn akes ▁frequently ▁reg ener ate ▁teeth , ▁and ▁the ▁more ▁invas ive ▁procedure ▁of ▁removing ▁the ▁underlying ▁max ill ary ▁b one ▁would ▁be ▁fatal . ▁Most ▁ven om oid ▁procedures ▁consist ▁of ▁either ▁removing ▁the ▁ven om ▁g land ▁itself , ▁or ▁sever ing ▁the ▁du ct ▁between ▁the ▁g land ▁and ▁the ▁f ang . ▁However , ▁the ▁du ct ▁and ▁g land ▁have ▁been ▁known ▁to ▁reg ener ate , ▁and ▁supposed ly ▁" safe " ▁sn akes ▁have ▁killed ▁m ice ▁and ▁successfully ▁en ven |
om ated ▁humans . ▁ ▁Adv oc ates ▁of ▁this ▁procedure ▁state ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁done ▁for ▁safety ▁reasons ▁and ▁have ▁published ▁methods ▁for ▁this ▁surg ery . ▁ ▁However , ▁this ▁procedure ▁is ▁highly ▁controvers ial ▁among ▁her pet olog ists , ▁and ▁is ▁considered ▁animal ▁cruel ty ▁by ▁many ▁exper ts ▁on ▁ven om ous ▁sn akes , ▁particularly ▁in ▁reference ▁to ▁the ▁procedure ▁being ▁performed ▁by ▁un lic ensed ▁h ob by ists ▁with ▁in ade qu ate ▁anal ges ia . ▁For ▁instance , ▁a ▁veter in arian ▁review ▁on ▁re pt ile ▁surg ery ▁published ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁stated ▁that ▁" such ▁practices ▁should ▁be ▁disc ou rag ed " ▁due ▁to ▁both ▁eth ical ▁and ▁animal ▁w elf are ▁concerns . ▁ ▁Leg al ▁questions ▁have ▁been ▁raised ▁about ▁amateur ▁ven om oid ▁sur ger ies , ▁since ▁the ▁Australian ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁Pre vention ▁of ▁Cru el ty ▁to ▁Anim als ▁Act ▁states ▁that ▁animals ▁must ▁be ▁an est het ized ▁for ▁the ▁duration ▁of ▁an ▁operation . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁the ▁Victoria ▁state ▁government ▁am ended ▁the ▁Pre vention ▁of ▁Cru el ty ▁to ▁Anim als ▁Act ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁to ▁ban ▁the ▁removal ▁of ▁ven om ▁g lands ▁from ▁sn akes ▁unless ▁performed ▁for ▁a ▁th era pe ut ic ▁reason ▁by ▁a ▁registered ▁veter in arian . ▁In ▁addition , ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁trib unal ▁ruled ▁that ▁ven om |
oid ▁sn akes ▁cannot ▁be ▁handled ▁by ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁public ▁in ▁Victoria , ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁risk ▁of ▁the ▁ven om ▁g lands ▁reg row ing . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁S nake ▁char ming ▁D ock ing ▁( an imal ) ▁O nych ect omy ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : S n akes ▁Category : An imal ▁w elf are <0x0A> </s> ▁Art us ▁G he erd in ck ▁( 1 5 6 4 – 1 6 2 4 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Dutch ▁har ps ich ord ▁builder . ▁ ▁G he erd in ck ▁lived ▁and ▁worked ▁in ▁Amsterdam , ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁car ill one ur ▁of ▁the ▁O ude ▁K erk ▁( Old ▁Church ) ▁in ▁ 1 5 9 5 . ▁This ▁was ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁period ▁that ▁S we elin ck ▁was ▁organ ist ▁there . ▁G he erd in ck ▁had ▁a ▁work shop ▁in ▁an ▁att ic ▁space ▁at ▁the ▁church , ▁and ▁tun ed ▁both ▁the ▁church ’ s ▁org ans . ▁ ▁There ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁Har man us ▁G he erd in ck ▁living ▁in ▁Amsterdam ▁in ▁the ▁mid - 1 6 0 0 s , ▁but ▁his ▁relation ▁( if ▁any ) ▁to ▁Art us ▁is ▁unknown . ▁Har man us ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁har ps ich ord ▁builder . ▁ ▁A ▁single ▁instrument ▁by ▁Art us ▁G he erd in ck ▁surv ives , ▁a ▁rect angular ▁vir g inal . ▁It ▁has ▁the ▁range ▁C / E ▁– |
▁c ´ ´ ´ ▁( four ▁oct aves ), ▁and ▁is ▁currently ▁hous ed ▁in ▁the ▁German isches ▁National museum ▁in ▁N ure m berg , ▁Germany ▁( In ventory ▁No . ▁M IN e ▁ 9 5 ). ▁ ▁O ’ B rien ▁bel ieves ▁that ▁a ▁har ps ich ord ▁attributed ▁to ▁Hans ▁R uck ers ▁may ▁actually ▁be ▁by ▁Art us ▁G he erd in ck . ▁Though ▁its ▁present ▁range ▁is ▁C — c ´ ´ ´ , ▁its ▁original ▁range ▁was ▁C / E — c ´ ´ ´ . ▁It ▁is ▁currently ▁in ▁the ▁German isches ▁National museum ▁( In ventory ▁No . ▁M IN e ▁ 8 4 ). ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁ ▁Jan ▁Piet ers zo on ▁S we elin ck : ▁Organ ▁& ▁Key board ▁Music . ▁Sieg bert ▁Ram pe . ▁MD G ▁ 3 4 1 ▁ 1 2 5 6 - 2 . ▁D ab ring haus ▁und ▁Gr imm , ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Peter ▁Phili ps : ▁Complete ▁Organ ▁& ▁Key board ▁Works . ▁Vol . ▁ 1 . ▁Sieg bert ▁Ram pe . ▁MD G ▁ 3 4 1 ▁ 1 2 5 7 - 2 . ▁D ab ring haus ▁und ▁Gr imm , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bo al ch , ▁D .: ▁Mak ers ▁of ▁the ▁Har ps ich ord ▁and ▁C lav ich ord ▁ 1 4 4 0 - 1 8 4 0 . ▁Third ▁edition |
, ▁ed . ▁Charles ▁M ould . ▁Clar end on ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁O ’ B rien , ▁G .: ▁R uck ers : ▁A ▁Har ps ich ord ▁and ▁Vir g inal ▁Building ▁Trad ition . ▁Cambridge ▁University ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁G he erd in ck ’ s ▁vir g inal ▁is ▁illustrated ▁here . ▁Further ▁information ▁on ▁this ▁instrument , ▁including ▁a ▁sound ▁sample , ▁may ▁be ▁found ▁here . ▁Georg ▁Ott ▁built ▁an ▁instrument ▁based ▁on ▁G he erd in ck ’ s ▁vir g inal . ▁J . C . ▁Neu pert ▁also ▁offers ▁a ▁vir g inal ▁based ▁on ▁G he erd in ck ’ s . ▁The ▁har ps ich ord ▁attributed ▁to ▁Hans ▁R uck ers , ▁but ▁which ▁may ▁be ▁by ▁G he erd in ck , ▁is ▁described ▁and ▁illustrated ▁here . ▁ ▁Category : 1 5 6 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 6 2 4 ▁death s ▁Category : Har ps ich ord ▁mak ers ▁Category : D utch ▁musical ▁instrument ▁mak ers ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Amsterdam <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁sle eper ▁hold ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁A ▁type ▁of ▁cho ke hold ▁A ▁pre - M MA ▁term ▁for ▁a ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁rear ▁n aked ▁cho ke ▁used ▁in ▁professional ▁wrest ling ▁matches <0x0A> </s> ▁" If ▁You ▁Could ▁See ▁Her ▁Through ▁My ▁E yes " ▁is ▁the ▁sevent h ▁episode ▁of ▁the ▁second ▁season ▁of ▁the |
▁American ▁science ▁fiction ▁series ▁Def iance , ▁and ▁the ▁series ' ▁nin ete enth ▁episode ▁overall . ▁It ▁was ▁a ired ▁on ▁July ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁The ▁episode ▁was ▁written ▁by ▁Br usta ▁Brown ▁& ▁John ▁Mitchell ▁Tod d ▁and ▁directed ▁by ▁All an ▁Ark ush . ▁ ▁Plot ▁Data k ▁( T ony ▁Cur ran ) ▁w akes ▁up ▁to ▁find ▁J al ina ▁( K elly ▁McC orm ack ), ▁the ▁T arr ' s ▁hand - ma iden ▁and ▁who ▁he ▁spent ▁the ▁night ▁with , ▁dead ▁on ▁his ▁door step ▁with ▁her ▁eyes ▁missing . ▁Data k ▁calls ▁Doc ▁Y ew ll ▁( T ren na ▁Ke ating ) ▁to ▁help ▁him ▁find ▁out ▁what ▁happened ▁and ▁to ▁get ▁rid ▁of ▁the ▁body . ▁Y ew ll ▁does ▁not ▁want ▁to ▁help ▁him ▁though ▁since ▁she ▁does ▁not ▁want ▁to ▁end ▁up ▁in ▁prison ▁again ▁and ▁she ▁leaves ▁him ▁alone . ▁Data k ▁is ▁afraid ▁that ▁they ▁will ▁bl ame ▁him ▁for ▁the ▁murder ▁and ▁he ▁does ▁not ▁want ▁to ▁report ▁it ▁to ▁N olan ▁( Gr ant ▁Bow ler ), ▁so ▁he ▁calls ▁Ra fe ▁( G raham ▁Gre ene ) ▁for ▁help . ▁Ra fe ▁helps ▁him ▁to ▁transfer ▁the ▁body ▁to ▁a ▁hell bug ▁area ▁to ▁be ▁e aten ▁and ▁then ▁they ▁both ▁start ▁to ▁search ▁for ▁J al ina ' s ▁murder er . ▁ ▁St ah ma ▁( J a ime ▁Murray ) ▁wor ries ▁about ▁J |
al ina ▁who ▁did ▁not ▁come ▁home ▁and ▁reports ▁her ▁disapp earance ▁to ▁N olan . ▁N olan ▁thinks ▁that ▁the ▁disapp earance ▁is ▁the ▁same ▁as ▁Bert ie ' s ▁few ▁days ▁before ▁and ▁tells ▁her ▁that ▁probably ▁J al ina ▁will ▁be ▁back ▁in ▁few ▁days . ▁Data k ▁inform s ▁St ah ma ▁later ▁about ▁J al ina ' s ▁death ▁and ▁they ▁agree ▁to ▁find ▁who ▁is ▁responsible ▁without ▁involving ▁the ▁law keeper ▁while ▁N olan ▁asks ▁I ris a ▁( Ste ph anie ▁Leon idas ) ▁if ▁she ▁has ▁anything ▁to ▁do ▁with ▁this . ▁ ▁I ris a ▁tries ▁to ▁indu ce ▁vis ions ▁of ▁the ▁man ▁she ▁saw ▁on ▁the ▁V ot an ▁ship ▁by ▁hur ting ▁herself ▁since ▁the ▁w ound ▁will ▁he al . ▁She ▁draw s ▁the ▁man ' s ▁face ▁when ▁R yn n ▁( T i io ▁Horn ) ▁interrupt s ▁her ▁to ▁ask ▁her ▁help ▁finding ▁Su kar ▁who ▁is ▁missing . ▁R yn n ▁sees ▁the ▁sketch ▁of ▁the ▁man ▁and ▁tells ▁I ris a ▁that ▁this ▁man ▁is ▁C ai ▁( Rob in ▁Dun ne ) ▁and ▁he ▁is ▁with ▁her ▁in ▁Def iance . ▁I ris a ▁ins ists ▁on ▁meeting ▁him ▁and ▁when ▁R yn n ▁introdu ces ▁her ▁to ▁him ▁and ▁I ris a ▁asks ▁him ▁if ▁he ▁recogn izes ▁her , ▁C ai ▁says ▁he ▁has ▁never ▁seen ▁her ▁before . ▁ ▁Y ew ll ▁gets ▁a ▁lead ▁of ▁who ▁might ▁be ▁responsible ▁for |
▁J al ina ' s ▁death ▁when ▁Professor ▁Lam bert ▁( G illes ▁Sav ard ) ▁comes ▁to ▁her ▁office ▁for ▁eye ▁dro ps ▁and ▁she ▁calls ▁Data k . ▁Data k ▁heads ▁to ▁Lam bert ' s ▁place ▁with ▁Ra fe ▁where ▁Lam bert ▁tells ▁them ▁that ▁he ▁got ▁the ▁eyes ▁from ▁doctor ▁Otto ▁Sche ck ▁( Se an ▁Ar bu ck le ). ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁R yn n ▁goes ▁missing ▁and ▁C ai ▁tells ▁I ris a ▁who ▁goes ▁straight ▁to ▁N olan . ▁The ▁two ▁of ▁them ▁go ▁to ▁Y ew ll ▁who ▁tells ▁them ▁about ▁what ▁is ▁happening ▁and ▁gives ▁them ▁the ▁names ▁of ▁other ▁sur geon ▁do ctors ▁in ▁Def iance ▁to ▁investigate ▁them . ▁ ▁While ▁Dr . ▁Sche ck ▁is ▁ready ▁to ▁remove ▁R yn n ' s ▁second ▁eye , ▁N olan ▁and ▁I ris a ▁show ▁up ▁and ▁stop ▁him . ▁Sche ck ▁man ages ▁to ▁st ab ▁I ris a ▁on ▁the ▁shoulder ▁and ▁runs ▁away , ▁only ▁to ▁run ▁into ▁Data k ▁and ▁Ra fe ▁who ▁were ▁coming ▁to ▁his ▁office . ▁Data k ▁removes ▁Sche ck ' s ▁eyes ▁with ▁his ▁bare ▁hands ▁before ▁N olan ▁gets ▁there . ▁I ris a ▁follows ▁N olan ▁who ▁can ▁see ▁that ▁her ▁w ound ▁is ▁totally ▁he aled . ▁Later , ▁I ris a ▁has ▁a ▁last ▁encounter ▁with ▁C ai ▁where ▁she ▁kiss es ▁him ▁to ▁show ▁him ▁her ▁vis ions ▁from ▁the ▁V ot an ▁ship . ▁After |
▁seeing ▁the ▁vision , ▁C ai ▁fre aks ▁out ▁and ▁immediately ▁leaves ▁the ▁town . ▁ ▁Christ ie ▁( N icole ▁Mu ñ oz ) ▁and ▁A lak ▁( J esse ▁R ath ) ▁prepare ▁to ▁have ▁l unch ▁at ▁the ▁Arc ▁radio ▁station ▁with ▁De ird re ▁( K rist ina ▁P es ic ) ▁who ▁sn aps ▁the ▁opportunity ▁to ▁give ▁Christ ie ▁the ▁Cast ith an ▁gem ▁that ▁Vic ero y ▁gave ▁her ▁the ▁previous ▁night ▁at ▁the ▁club . ▁A lak ▁asks ▁Christ ie ▁where ▁she ▁found ▁it ▁and ▁she ▁tells ▁him ▁that ▁she ▁bought ▁it ▁from ▁the ▁market place ▁but ▁he ▁does ▁not ▁believe ▁her . ▁A lak ▁leaves ▁and ▁De ird re ▁apolog izes ▁to ▁Christ ie ▁for ▁causing ▁her ▁troubles . ▁ ▁Later , ▁De ird re ▁inform s ▁A lak ▁where ▁Christ ie ▁got ▁the ▁gem ▁and ▁A lak ▁goes ▁to ▁the ▁club ▁to ▁find ▁his ▁wife . ▁When ▁he ▁gets ▁there , ▁he ▁causes ▁a ▁scene ▁and ▁the ▁two ▁of ▁them ▁have ▁a ▁fight ▁with ▁A lak ▁leaving ▁and ▁Christ ie ▁stay ing ▁at ▁the ▁club . ▁A lak ▁returns ▁to ▁the ▁Need / W ant ▁where ▁he ▁finds ▁De ird re ▁and ▁the ▁two ▁of ▁them ▁get ▁together . ▁ ▁The ▁episode ▁ends ▁with ▁N olan ▁cutting ▁I ris a ' s ▁hand ▁just ▁to ▁see ▁her ▁he aling ▁powers ▁on ▁his ▁own . ▁I ris a ▁finally ▁tells ▁him ▁what ▁is ▁going ▁on ▁and ▁N olan ▁re ass ures ▁her ▁that ▁he |
▁will ▁help ▁her ▁and ▁be ▁there ▁for ▁her ▁till ▁they ▁find ▁out ▁what ▁exactly ▁is ▁going ▁on . ▁ ▁Fe ature ▁music ▁In ▁the ▁" If ▁You ▁Could ▁See ▁Her ▁Through ▁My ▁E yes " ▁we ▁can ▁hear ▁the ▁songs : ▁" Fire ▁Bre ather " ▁by ▁La ure l ▁" Fin est ▁Line " ▁by ▁Mike ▁Sem pert ▁ ▁Re ception ▁ ▁Rat ings ▁In ▁its ▁original ▁American ▁broadcast , ▁" If ▁You ▁Could ▁See ▁Her ▁Through ▁My ▁E yes " ▁was ▁watched ▁by ▁ 1 . 4 8 ▁million ; ▁down ▁by ▁ 0 . 1 3 ▁from ▁the ▁previous ▁episode . ▁ ▁Re views ▁" If ▁You ▁could ▁See ▁Her ▁Through ▁My ▁E yes " ▁received ▁positive ▁reviews . ▁ ▁Row an ▁Kaiser ▁from ▁The ▁A . V . ▁Club ▁gave ▁a ▁B ▁rating ▁to ▁the ▁episode ▁saying ▁that ▁the ▁episode ▁did ▁a ▁good ▁job ▁at ▁putting ▁its ▁theme ▁out ▁there . ▁" Def iance ’ s ▁plot ▁may ▁still ▁give ▁me ▁trouble , ▁but ▁the ▁show ▁works ▁at ▁so ▁many ▁other ▁them atic ▁and ▁visual ▁levels ▁that ▁I ▁think ▁it ’ s ▁still ▁a ▁success . ▁But ▁if ▁it ▁man ages ▁to ▁tie ▁the ▁two ▁together , ▁it ▁could ▁be ▁something ▁special ." ▁ ▁Michel ▁A hr ▁of ▁Den ▁of ▁Ge ek ▁r ated ▁the ▁episode ▁with ▁ 4 . 5 / 5 ▁saying ▁that ▁episode ▁after ▁episode ▁was ▁stell ar ▁this ▁season . ▁" It ’ s ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁we ’ ve ▁seen ▁two ▁of ▁the ▁story |
lines ▁linked ▁without ▁the ▁knowledge ▁of ▁the ▁key ▁players . ▁[...] ▁Def iance ▁deser ves ▁top ▁marks ▁for ▁keen ▁writing ▁and ▁consist ently ▁phenomen al ▁entertain ment ." ▁ ▁Billy ▁Gr if ter ▁from ▁Den ▁of ▁Ge ek ▁gave ▁a ▁good ▁review ▁to ▁the ▁episode ▁saying ▁that ▁the ▁second ▁season ▁of ▁the ▁show ▁gets ▁better ▁and ▁better ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁episode ▁was ▁both ▁entertain ing ▁and ▁divis ive ▁in ▁equal ▁measure . ▁" It ▁might ▁seem ▁early ▁to ▁cook ▁up ▁an ▁end - of - season ▁storm , ▁but ▁those ▁behind ▁Def iance ▁are ▁obviously ▁planning ▁something ▁big ▁to ▁start ▁so ▁early . ▁This ▁season ▁of ▁def iance ▁just ▁gets ▁better , ▁and ▁I ▁can ’ t ▁wait ▁to ▁see ▁what ▁cra zy ▁places ▁it ▁will ▁take ▁us ▁next ." ▁ ▁Andrew ▁Santos ▁of ▁With ▁an ▁Acc ent ▁gave ▁a ▁good ▁review ▁to ▁the ▁episode ▁saying ▁that ▁the ▁second ▁season ▁continues ▁to ▁sur pass ▁its ▁entertain ing , ▁yet ▁slightly ▁medi oc re ▁first ▁season ▁with ▁each ▁new ▁episode ▁that ▁air s ▁and ▁that ▁" If ▁You ▁Could ▁See ▁Her ▁Through ▁My ▁E yes " ▁was ▁a ▁great ▁episode . ▁" Wh ile ▁at ▁times ▁it ▁may ▁seem ▁like ▁there ’ s ▁too ▁much ▁going ▁in ▁the ▁town ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁show ▁takes ▁place , ▁overall ▁it ▁feels ▁pretty ▁bal anced ." ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 4 ▁American ▁television ▁episodes ▁Category : Def iance ▁( season ▁ 2 ) ▁episodes <0x0A> </s> ▁Rost ell ular ia |
▁ad sc end ens ▁is ▁an ▁Australian ▁plant ▁species ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁A can th aceae . ▁It ▁grows ▁to ▁between ▁▁ 1 0 ▁and ▁ 5 0 cm ▁high . ▁ ▁It ▁occurs ▁along ▁streams ▁or ▁in ▁rock y ▁areas ▁in ▁wood land ▁in ▁Western ▁Australia , ▁the ▁Northern ▁Territ ory , ▁South ▁Australia , ▁New ▁South ▁Wales ▁and ▁Queensland . ▁ ▁The ▁tax on ▁was ▁first ▁formally ▁described ▁by ▁botan ist ▁Robert ▁Brown ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 0 ▁in ▁Pro d rom us ▁Flora e ▁Nov ae ▁Holland iae . ▁He ▁gave ▁it ▁the ▁name ▁Just icia ▁ad sc end ens . ▁The ▁species ▁was ▁transferred ▁to ▁the ▁genus ▁Rost ell ular ia ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁ ▁Sub species ▁and ▁vari eties ▁include ▁ ▁R . ▁ad sc end ens ▁( R . Br .) ▁R . M . B ark er ▁var . ▁ad sc end ens ▁▁▁ ▁R . ▁ad sc end ens ▁var . ▁c lement ii ▁( D omin ) ▁R . M . B ark er ▁R . ▁ad sc end ens ▁sub sp . ▁dalla chy i ▁R . M . B ark er ▁ ▁R . ▁ad sc end ens ▁sub sp . ▁gla uc ovi ol ace a ▁( D omin ) ▁R . M . B ark er ▁▁▁▁ ▁R . ▁ad sc end ens ▁var . ▁his p ida ▁( D omin ) ▁R . M . B ark er ▁▁▁ ▁R . ▁ad sc |
end ens ▁var . ▁jun ce a ▁( R . Br .) ▁R . M . B ark er ▁▁ ▁R . ▁ad sc end ens ▁var . ▁larg if lor ens ▁R . M . B ark er ▁▁▁▁ ▁R . ▁ad sc end ens ▁var . ▁lat ifolia ▁( D omin ) ▁R . M . B ark er ▁R . ▁ad sc end ens ▁var . ▁pog on an ther a ▁( F . M u ell .) ▁R . M . B ark er ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : A can th aceae ▁Category : Fl ora ▁of ▁New ▁South ▁Wales ▁Category : Fl ora ▁of ▁the ▁Northern ▁Territ ory ▁Category : Fl ora ▁of ▁Queensland ▁Category : Fl ora ▁of ▁South ▁Australia ▁Category : E ud ic ots ▁of ▁Western ▁Australia <0x0A> </s> ▁Edd ie ▁Costa , ▁Mat ▁Mat he ws ▁& ▁Don ▁Elli ott ▁at ▁New port ▁is ▁a ▁live ▁album ▁featuring ▁performances ▁by ▁Edd ie ▁Costa ' s ▁T rio / Qu int et , ▁Mat ▁Mat he ws ' ▁Quart et ▁and ▁Don ▁Elli ott ' s ▁Quart et ▁recorded ▁at ▁the ▁New port ▁Jazz ▁Festival ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁and ▁released ▁on ▁the ▁Ver ve ▁label . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁" T aking ▁a ▁Ch ance ▁on ▁Love " ▁( V ern on ▁Duke , ▁John ▁La ▁T ou che , ▁Ted ▁F etter ) ▁ ▁" There ' ll ▁Never ▁Be ▁Another ▁You " ▁( Har ry ▁Warren , ▁Mack |
▁Gordon ) ▁▁ ▁" I ' ll ▁Remember ▁April " ▁( G ene ▁de ▁Paul , ▁Pat ric ia ▁John ston , ▁Don ▁Ray e ) ▁ ▁" I ▁Never ▁K new " ▁( T ed ▁F io ▁R ito , ▁G us ▁K ahn ) ▁▁ ▁" F lam ingo " ▁( T ed ▁Gr ou ya , ▁Edmund ▁Anderson ) ▁ ▁" W ind mill ▁Blues " ▁( Mat ▁Mat he ws ) ▁ ▁" Dan cing ▁in ▁the ▁Dark " ▁( How ard ▁Diet z , ▁Arthur ▁Schw art z ) ▁ ▁" I ▁Love ▁You " ▁( C ole ▁Por ter ) ▁ ▁"' S ▁Wonder ful " ▁( Ge orge ▁G ers h win , ▁Ira ▁G ers h win ) ▁ ▁Record ed ▁at ▁the ▁New port ▁Jazz ▁Festival , ▁New port , ▁R I ▁on ▁July ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁( tra cks ▁ 4 - 6 ) ▁and ▁July ▁ 6 , ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁( tra cks ▁ 1 - 3 ▁& ▁ 7 - 9 ) ▁ ▁Person nel ▁ ▁Tra cks ▁ 1 - 3 ▁Edd ie ▁Costa ▁- ▁piano ▁R olf ▁Kü hn ▁- ▁clar inet ▁( tra cks ▁ 2 ▁& ▁ 3 ) ▁ ▁Dick ▁Johnson ▁- ▁alto ▁sa x oph one ▁( tra cks ▁ 2 ▁& ▁ 3 ) ▁Er nie ▁F urt ado ▁– ▁bass ▁Al ▁B eld ini ▁- ▁drums ▁ ▁Tra cks ▁ 4 - 6 ▁Mat ▁Mat |
he ws ▁- ▁accord ion ▁H ank ▁Jones ▁- ▁piano ▁Er nie ▁F urt ado ▁- ▁bass ▁Johnny ▁C res ci ▁- ▁drums ▁ ▁Tra cks ▁ 7 - 9 ▁Don ▁Elli ott ▁- ▁m ello phone , ▁v ib raph one , ▁b ong os ▁Bill ▁Evans ▁- ▁piano ▁Er nie ▁F urt ado ▁- ▁bass ▁Al ▁B eld ini ▁- ▁drums ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Ver ve ▁Records ▁live ▁albums ▁Category : E dd ie ▁Costa ▁albums ▁Category : Don ▁Elli ott ▁albums ▁Category : Al bum s ▁recorded ▁at ▁the ▁New port ▁Jazz ▁Festival ▁Category : 1 9 5 7 ▁live ▁albums ▁Category : Al bum s ▁produced ▁by ▁Norman ▁Gran z <0x0A> </s> ▁Hard core ▁TV ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁EC W ▁Hard core ▁TV , ▁a ▁week ly ▁professional ▁wrest ling ▁television ▁program . ▁ ▁Hard core ▁TV , ▁a ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁H BO ▁series . <0x0A> </s> ▁ 3 5 7 8 ▁Car est ia , ▁prov is ional ▁design ation ▁, ▁is ▁an ▁extremely ▁dark ▁astero id ▁from ▁the ▁outer ▁region ▁of ▁the ▁astero id ▁bel t , ▁approximately ▁ 5 8 ▁kilom eters ▁in ▁diameter . ▁It ▁was ▁discovered ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁February ▁ 1 9 7 7 , ▁by ▁the ▁staff ▁of ▁the ▁Felix ▁Agu ilar ▁Observ atory ▁at ▁El ▁Leon cito ▁Complex ▁in ▁San ▁Juan , ▁Argentina . ▁The ▁astero id ▁was ▁named ▁after ▁South ▁American ▁astronom er ▁Re inal do ▁Car est ia . ▁ ▁Or |
bit ▁and ▁classification ▁▁ ▁Car est ia ▁or bits ▁the ▁Sun ▁in ▁the ▁outer ▁main - b elt ▁at ▁a ▁distance ▁of ▁ 2 . 5 – 3 . 9 AU ▁once ▁every ▁ 5 ▁years ▁and ▁ 9 ▁months ▁( 2 , 1 0 4 ▁days ). ▁Its ▁orbit ▁has ▁an ▁ecc ent ric ity ▁of ▁ 0 . 2 1 ▁and ▁an ▁incl ination ▁of ▁ 2 1 ° ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁the ▁e cli ptic . ▁The ▁first ▁prec overy ▁was ▁taken ▁at ▁Crime a - S ime is ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 9 , ▁extending ▁the ▁astero id ' s ▁observation ▁arc ▁by ▁ 3 8 ▁years ▁prior ▁to ▁its ▁discovery . ▁ ▁Phys ical ▁characteristics ▁▁ ▁The ▁carbon ace ous ▁C - type ▁astero id ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁dark est ▁main - b elt ▁astero ids ▁known . ▁ ▁Rot ation ▁period ▁▁ ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁a ▁rot ational ▁light cur ve ▁was ▁obtained ▁from ▁phot ometric ▁observations ▁made ▁by ▁Italian ▁astronom er ▁Feder ico ▁Man z ini ▁at ▁the ▁St azione ▁Astronom ica ▁di ▁So zz ago ▁( ), ▁Italy . ▁It ▁rendered ▁it ▁a ▁rotation ▁period ▁of ▁ ▁hours ▁with ▁a ▁bright ness ▁variation ▁of ▁ 0 . 1 3 ▁in ▁magnitude ▁( ). ▁Pre viously , ▁a ▁fragment ary ▁light cur ve ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁gave ▁a ▁shorter ▁period ▁of ▁ 7 . 1 ▁hours ▁with ▁an ▁amplitude ▁of ▁ 0 |
. 2 5 ▁( ). ▁ ▁Diam eter ▁and ▁al bed o ▁▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁space - based ▁surve ys ▁carried ▁out ▁by ▁the ▁Inf ra red ▁Astronom ical ▁Sat ellite , ▁IR AS , ▁the ▁Japanese ▁Ak ari ▁satellite , ▁and ▁NASA ' s ▁W ide - field ▁Inf ra red ▁Survey ▁Explorer ▁with ▁its ▁subsequent ▁NE OW I SE ▁mission , ▁the ▁astero id ' s ▁surface ▁has ▁an ▁exception ally ▁low ▁al bed o ▁between ▁ 0 . 0 1 2 ▁and ▁ 0 . 0 5 1 . ▁Com b ined ▁with ▁the ▁observation ' s ▁corresponding ▁absolute ▁magnitude , ▁this ▁results ▁in ▁an ▁infer red ▁diameter ▁of ▁ 4 2 . 9 ▁to ▁ 6 4 . 6 ▁kilom eters . ▁The ▁Coll abor ative ▁Ast ero id ▁Light cur ve ▁Link ▁der ives ▁an ▁al bed o ▁of ▁ 0 . 0 2 ▁and ▁a ▁diameter ▁of ▁ 5 9 . 3 ▁kilom eters . ▁ ▁N aming ▁▁ ▁This ▁minor ▁planet ▁was ▁named ▁after ▁of ▁South ▁American ▁astronom er ▁Re inal do ▁August o ▁Car est ia ▁( 1 9 3 2 – 1 9 9 3 ), ▁professor ▁of ▁position al ▁astronom y ▁at ▁U NS J ' s ▁School ▁of ▁Top ography , ▁publish er ▁of ▁ 5 ▁star ▁catalog s , ▁and ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Committee ▁of ▁Scient ific ▁and ▁Techn ological ▁Research ▁of ▁Chile . ▁For ▁dec ades , ▁he ▁worked ▁with ▁the ▁Re ps old ▁Mer id ian ▁Circle |
▁at ▁the ▁discover ing ▁Felix ▁Agu ilar ▁Observ atory . ▁The ▁official ▁naming ▁c itation ▁was ▁published ▁by ▁the ▁Minor ▁Planet ▁Center ▁on ▁ 1 9 ▁October ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁( ). ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Observ atorio ▁A str on óm ico ▁F éli x ▁Agu ilar ▁– ▁" M use o ▁astr on óm ico ▁Re inal do ▁Car est ia " ▁( in ▁Spanish ) ▁ ▁Ast ero id ▁Light cur ve ▁Database ▁( LC DB ), ▁query ▁form ▁( info ) ▁ ▁Dictionary ▁of ▁Minor ▁Planet ▁Names , ▁Google ▁books ▁ ▁Ast ero ids ▁and ▁com ets ▁rotation ▁curves , ▁C d R ▁– ▁Observ atoire ▁de ▁Gen ève , ▁Ra oul ▁Be hr end ▁ ▁Disc overy ▁Circ um st ances : ▁Number ed ▁Minor ▁Plan ets ▁( 1 )- ( 5 0 0 0 ) ▁– ▁Minor ▁Planet ▁Center ▁▁▁▁▁▁ 0 0 3 5 7 8 ▁ 0 0 3 5 7 8 ▁Category : Min or ▁plan ets ▁named ▁for ▁people ▁Category : Named ▁minor ▁plan ets ▁ 1 9 7 7 0 2 1 1 <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁K iss ▁So ▁Dead ly ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁made - for - tele vision ▁thr iller ▁directed ▁by ▁Ch uck ▁Bow man . ▁ ▁Cast ▁▁ ▁Charles ▁Sh augh ness y ▁as ▁Tom ▁De ese ▁ ▁D ede e ▁P fe iffer ▁as ▁Catherine ▁De ese ▁ ▁Tom ▁Bres nah an ▁as ▁Tod d ▁G ale ▁ ▁No elle |
▁Parker ▁as ▁June ▁Stern ▁ ▁Ker rie ▁Ke ane ▁as ▁Pat ty ▁De ese ▁ ▁Charlotte ▁Ross ▁as ▁Am anda ▁Bla ke ▁ ▁Scott ▁Sim pson ▁as ▁St alk er ▁ ▁Jeff rey ▁P ill ars ▁as ▁Ray ▁ ▁Robert ▁C atr ini ▁as ▁Craig ▁ ▁Paul ▁Sin co ff ▁as ▁Officer ▁Cruz ▁ ▁Tim ▁Gard ner ▁as ▁Officer ▁Ch aso ▁ ▁N ina ▁Rep eta ▁as ▁Wait ress ▁ ▁Jeff ▁Hoch end on er ▁as ▁Bart ender ▁ ▁William ▁Gregory ▁Lee ▁as ▁Adam ▁ ▁Steve ▁Pos ner ▁as ▁Professor ▁ ▁Michael ▁Gene vie ▁as ▁Det . ▁Ron ▁Mar in ▁ ▁H ank ▁T ros ci anie c ▁as ▁First ▁Cop ▁ ▁Brian ▁Keith ▁Gam ble ▁( cred ited ▁as ▁Brian ▁Gam ble ) ▁as ▁Second ▁Cop ▁ ▁Juli án ▁Vic ente ▁as ▁Det ect ive ▁ ▁Barry ▁Bell ▁as ▁Cond o ▁Super visor ▁ ▁C rew ▁ ▁Direct ed ▁by ▁Ch uck ▁Bow man ▁ ▁Writ ten ▁by ▁Ne vin ▁Sch re iner ▁( story ▁and ▁tele play ) ▁and ▁Mon ica ▁Parker ▁( story ) ▁ ▁Produ ced ▁by ▁Ch uck ▁Bow man , ▁Jenn ifer ▁Al ward ▁( exec utive ▁producer ) ▁and ▁J ill ▁Pro ctor ▁( associ ate ▁producer ) ▁ ▁Music ▁by ▁Joseph ▁Con lan ▁ ▁Cin emat ography ▁by ▁Karl ▁Her rm ann ▁ ▁Ed ited ▁by ▁Jon athon ▁Braun ▁ ▁Plot ▁Tom ▁De ese ▁( Char les ▁Sh augh ness y ) ▁falls ▁in ▁love ▁with ▁his ▁daughter ' s ▁ro omm ate , ▁Am |
anda ▁( Char lot te ▁Ross ), ▁and ▁becomes ▁the ▁focus ▁of ▁his ▁daughter ▁Catherine ' s ▁( D ede e ▁P fe iffer ) ▁susp ic ions ▁when ▁Am anda ▁is ▁murder ed . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁Vari ety ▁film ▁critic ▁Tony ▁Scott , ▁wrote ▁that ▁Sh augh ness y ▁‘ does n ’ t ▁do ▁much ▁convin cing ’ ▁and ▁that ▁his ▁former ▁Days ▁of ▁Our ▁L ives ▁co - star ▁Ross ▁f ared ▁better , ▁giving ▁her ▁character ▁‘ an ▁easy going , ▁even ▁sympath etic , ▁quality .’ ▁He ▁also ▁noted ▁P fe iffer ' s ▁‘ int ellig ent ▁face ’ ▁and ▁felt ▁that ▁Sim pson ▁‘ turn s ▁in ▁the ▁best ▁scene ▁of ▁the ▁production ▁when ▁he ▁ras ps ▁into ▁a ▁phone .’ ▁Scott ▁added ▁that ▁the ▁production ▁was ▁techn ically ▁sound , ▁but ▁fault s ▁were ▁the ▁result ▁of ▁Sch re iner ' s ▁‘ abs urd ▁script .’ ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 6 ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 s ▁thr iller ▁films ▁Category : American ▁films ▁Category : American ▁television ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁Diego ▁H urt ado ▁de ▁M endo za ▁y ▁de ▁la ▁Cer da ▁( Nov ember , ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 4 8 9 , ▁Madrid ▁– ▁March ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 5 7 8 , ▁To led o ), ▁Duke ▁of ▁Franc av illa ▁and ▁Prince ▁of ▁Mel ito , ▁was ▁a ▁Spanish ▁no blem an . ▁ ▁He |