answer stringlengths 1 239 ⌀ | question stringlengths 1 25.7k |
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Maurus Servius Honoratus | Who says that all high mountains are called Alpes by Celts? |
Celtic languages | What languages have terms for high mountains derived from alp? |
Indo-European origin | There is a theory that in Greek Alpes is a name of what origin? |
Albania | What name has been used as a name for a number of mountainous areas across Europe? |
the eastern Caucasus | Albania was a name for what during Roman Times? |
Scotland | Albania was occasionally used as a name for what in the English language? |
alb ("white") and albus | What words are likely to have common origins? |
the association of the tops of tall mountains or steep hills with snow. | Where do Alb and Albus share their origin from? |
white | Alb can also mean what? |
a grazing pastures in the alpine regions below the glaciers, not the peaks | The term alp, alm, albe or alpe refers to what in modern languages? |
An alp | What refers to a high mountain pasture where cows are taken to be grazed during the summer months? |
German speaking regions | Words such as horn, kogel, gipfel, spitz, and berd are used in what regions? |
French speaking regions | Mont, pic, dent and aiguille are words used in what regions? |
The Alps | What are the crescent shaped geographic feature of central Europe? |
2.5 km (1.6 mi) | What is the mean height of the Alp's peak? |
the Mediterranean Sea north above the Po basin, extending through France from Grenoble, eastward through mid and southern Switzerland | How far does the Alps range stretch? |
alpine territory | Switzerland, France, Austria and Italy have the greatest what? |
the glacial trough of the Rhone valley | The highest portion of the Alp's range is divided by what? |
the easterly portion | Where are the peaks smaller in the range? |
northern | The Bernese Alps are located in what part of the range? |
The variances in nomenclature | What makes the classification of the mountains and subregions difficult? |
geologist Stefan Schmid | Who came up with the general classification? |
Splügen Pass | Where is the divide between the Eastern Alps and Western Alps near? |
Mont Blanc | The highest peak of the Western Alps is where? |
4,810 m | How tall is the peak at Mont Blanc? |
Piz Bernina | The highest peak of the Eastern Alps is where? |
4,049 metres | How tall is the peak of Piz Bernina |
France | Where are the French Prealps located? |
the Jura Mountains | What mountains are located in Switzerland and France? |
The secondary chain of the Alps | What follows the watershed from the Mediterranean Sea to the Wienerwald? |
the line of the main chain | What heads approximately east-northeast once at the Swiss bored? |
The Alps | What have been crossed for war and commerce? |
hospices | What was established during medieval periods by religious orders? |
the summits of many of the main passes | Where were hospices established? |
Col de l'Iseran | What is the highest of the most important passes of the Alps? |
the Brenner Pass | What seperates the Otztal Alps and Zillertal Alps? |
since the 14th century | How long has the Brenner Pass been used as a trading route? |
985 m (3,232 ft) | The lowest of the Alpine passes at what elevation? |
Napoleon Bonaparte | Who crossed the Great St. Bernard Pass with 40,000 troops? |
col de l'Iseran in Savoy (France) | Where is the highest point in the alps located? |
naturalists | Who began studying the rock formations of the Alps |
the 18th century | When did the studying of rock formations begin in the Alps? |
theory of geosynclines | What was used in the mid-19th century to explain the presence of "folded" mountain chains? |
the theory of plate tectonics | What theory was more widely accepted by the mid-20th century? |
about 300 million years ago | When did the formation of the alps began? |
a single tectonic plate | What did the Pangaean supercontinent consisted of what during the Paleozoic Era? |
the Mesozoic Era | When did the single tectonic plate break into separate plates? |
Jurassic Period | The Tethys sea developed during what period of time? |
the late Cretaceous Period | The collision between the African and the Eurasian plates began during what time? |
marine sedimentary rocks | What was uplifted from extreme compressive stresses and pressure? |
As the rising peaks underwent erosion | When did the layer of marine flysch sediments get deposited in the foreland basin? |
Coarse sediments | What were later deposited in foreland areas as molasse? |
flysch | Switzerland and Bavaria saw a further upthrusting of what? |
a late-stage orogeny | What caused the development of the Jura Mountains? |
A series of tectonic events | What cause different paleogeographic regions in the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods? |
lithology | What is another word for rock composition? |
Helveticum | What geological subdivision is located in the north? |
geologist | What is Stefan Schmid's profession? |
a metamorphic event | What happened to the Western Alps during the Cenozoic Era |
the Cretaceous Period | When did the Austroalpine peaks undergo their event? |
nappe formations | The Western Alps and the Austroalpine peaks show distinct differences in what? |
Cretaceous | When did Flysch deposits probably occur in the Southern Alps of Lombardy? |
Houillière zone | What area do peaks in France, Italy, and Switzerland lie in? |
High "massifs" | What are more common in the Western Alps? |
Eastern Alps | When compared to the Western Alps, what area has few high peaked massifs? |
the structure of the Alps | Layers of rock from Europe, Africa and the ocean make up what? |
continental Europe | What is the origin of the bottom nappe structure? |
the African plate | Where are the top of the nappes derived from? |
The Matterhorn | What is an example of the ongoing orogeny? |
folded and fractured | What happened to the Alpine orogenic belt that gave it the steep vertical peak? |
layers of rock from the various orogenies | Mont Blanc, the Matterhorn, and peaks in the Pennine Alps cosist of what? |
steep vertical peaks | What are the common characteristics of the Alpine Orogenic Belt? |
Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA) | What group defined a list of 82 official Apline summits that reach 4,000m? |
subpeaks with little prominence that are considered important mountaineering objectives | What is included in the list of 82 official Apline summits other than Mountains? |
500 m (1,640 ft) | The list of twenty two summits has summits with at least how much prominence? |
1786 | When was Mont Blanc first climbed? |
first half of the 19th century | When were most of the Alpine fourthousanders climber? |
1865 | When was the ascent of the Matterhorn? |
the end of the golden age of alpinism | What did the ascent of the Matterhorn mark? |
Karl Blodig | Who was among the first to successfully climb all the major 4,000m peaks? |
1788 | When was the first British Mont Blanc ascent? |
1819 | When was the first female ascent on Mont Blanc? |
the mid-1850s | When had Swiss mountaineers ascended most of the peaks? |
1865 | What year did Edward Whymper reach the top of the Matterhorn? |
1938 | When were the last of the six great north faces of the Alps climbed? |
minerals | What have been mined in the Alps for thousands of years? |
copper | What did Celtic tribes mine from the Alps? |
gold | What did the Romans mine in the Bad Gastein area? |
high-quality iron ore | What does Erzberd in Styria furnish? |
Slovenia | The cinnabar deposits are found in what area? |
hundreds of years | How long have Alpine crystals been studied and collected? |
the 18th century | When did the alpine crystals begin to be classified? |
Leonhard Euler | Who studied the shapes of crystals? |
crystal hunting | By the 19th century what was common in the Alpine regions? |
David Friedrich Wiser | Who amassed a collection 8000 crystals? |
Miocene Epoch | Where did the mountains undergo serve erosion? |
glaciation | What was the cause of the severe erosion? |
Louis Agassiz | Who noted the severe erosion of the mountains? |
the "father of the ice-age concept" | What was Louis Agassiz also known as? |
the Unteraar Glacier | Where did Agassiz study during the 1840s? |
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