answer stringlengths 1 239 ⌀ | question stringlengths 1 25.7k |
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100 m (328 ft) | Agassiz found that the Unteraar Glacier moved how much per year? |
the middle | The movement of the Unteraar Glacier moved more rapidly in what part? |
The Inn valley | What is an example of a valley carved by glaciers during the ice ages? |
Eroded rocks from the most recent ice age | What lays at the bottom of the Inn Valley |
erosion from earlier ice ages | The top of the Inn Valley consists of what? |
piles of rock picked up during the movement of the glacier | What are Moraines? |
at edges, center and the terminus of glaciers. | Where have moraines accumulated? |
spread in a fan-like shape | How do Piedmont glaciers appear? |
The stress of the movement | What causes the ice to break and crack loudly? |
unpredictable and dangerous crevasses | What does the cracking of the ice create? |
a piece of glacier will detach or break | What causes flooding, property damage, and loss of life? |
an avalanche | What killed about 2500 people in the 17th century? |
120 homes | How many homes in a village near Zermatt were destroyed by an avalanche in the 19th century? |
High levels of precipitation | What cause the glaciers to descend to permafrost levels in some areas? |
to 1,342 km2 (518 sq mi) | From 1876 to 1973, how much did the glaciers that covered the Alps shrink? |
decreased river run-off levels. | What resulted from the loss of the area the glaciers over the Alps? |
Forty percent | How much of the glaciation in Austria disappeared? |
30% | How much of the glaciation disappeared in Switzerland? |
The Alps | What provides Europe with drinking water, irrigation, and hydroelectric power? |
11 percent of the surface area | How much of Europe does the Alps cover? |
90 percent | How much water does the Alps provide to lowland Europe? |
80 percent | How much water does Milan depend on from the Alpine runoff? |
500 | Water from the rivers is used in over how many hydroelectric power plants? |
Switzerland | The Rhine, the Rhone, the Inn, the Ticino and the Po rivers flow from what Country? |
the Alps | Where do the major tributaries that flow through the Danube originate from? |
The Rhone | Which river is second to the Nile as a freshwater source to the Mediterranean? |
glacial meltwater | What does The Rhone begin as? |
a 30 square kilometre area in Switzerland | Where does the Rhine originate? |
Germany | Where is the medieval St. Bartholomew Chapel located? |
south side | What side of the Konigssee was St. Bartholomew's chapel built? |
lakes | What do the rivers form? |
Scientists | Who have been studying the impact of climate change and water use? |
snowmaking in the ski resorts | Water is diverted from rivers for what purpose? |
unknown | What are the effects of diverting the water from rivers? |
The Alps | What are a classic example of what happens when a temperate area at lower altitude gives way to higher-elevation terrain? |
Alpine | Elevations around the world that have a cold climate similar to that of the polar region have been called what? |
A rise from sea level into the upper regions of the atmosphere | What causes the temperature to decrease? |
The height of the Alps | What is sufficient to divide the weather patterns in Europe into a wet north and dry south? |
the 18th century | Since when has the severe weather in the Alps been studied? |
the weather patterns | Particularly what part of the weather has been studied? |
Numerous weather stations | What was placed in the mountains early in the 20th century? |
Italy | Where is the Aosta valley located? |
Switzerland | Where is the Valais located? |
The areas that are not arid and receive high precipitation | What areas experience periodic flooding from rapid snowmelt and runoff? |
2,600 mm (100 in) per year to 3,600 mm (140 in) per year | What are the ranges of mean precipitation in the Alps? |
high altitudes | Where do the higher levels of precipitation occur? |
At altitudes between 1,000 and 3,000 m | At what altitude does snowfall begin in November? |
five climatic zones | How many zones are the Alps split into? |
colline zone | What is the lowest zone of the Alps called? |
between 500 and 1,000 m | Where does the lowest zone of the Alps exist? |
from 800 to 1,700 m | Where does the montane zone extend from? |
from 1,600 to 2,400 m | Where does the sub-Alpine zone extend from? |
Various models of climate change | What has been projected into the 22nd century for the Alps? |
increased temperatures | What will have an effect on snowfall, snowpack, glaciation, and river runoff? |
climate change | What have the various models been of? |
Thirteen thousand | How many species of plants have been identified in the Alpine regions? |
by habitat and soil type | How are Alpine plants grouped? |
chief deciduous trees | Oak, beech, ash, and sycamore maple make up what group of trees? |
a band of short pine trees | What is often above the forestry? |
acidic soil | What type of soil does Alpenrose prefer? |
alpine | What is the area above the treeline defined as? |
because of regional fluctuations in tree lines. | Why does the alpine area fluctuate greatly? |
Alpine plants such the Alpine gentian | What grows in abundance in areas such as the meadows above the Lauterbrunnental? |
the Illyrian king Gentius | What are Gentians named after? |
40 species | How many species of the early-spring blooming flower grow in the Alps? |
isolated cushions | What do the plants tend to form at higher altitudes? |
above 4,000 m | Ranunculus glacialis have been recorded to have been found how far in the alps? |
the King of the Alps | What is Eritrichium nanum commonly known as? |
Edelweiss | What is the best known of the alpine plants? |
extreme and stressful climatic conditions | What gives way to the growth of plant species with secondary metabolites important for medicinal purposes? |
medicinal | Origanum Vulgare has what useful properties? |
the Alps | Where are Urtica dioica found? |
Human interference | What has nearly exterminated the trees in many areas? |
forests of deciduous trees | What are rarely found after the extreme deforestation between the 17th and 19th centuries? |
The vegetation | What has changed since the second half of the 20th century? |
the underlying tundra | The practice of building ski runs by mechanical means has destroyed what? |
30,000 species | How many species of wildlife habitat the Alps? |
made adaptations | What have the wildlife done to survive the harsh conditions of the Alps? |
directly above or below the snow line | Some species of wildlife can only survive in what specific environment? |
alpine ibex | What is the largest mammal to live in the highest altitudes? |
as high as 3,000 m (9,843 ft) | How high have the Alpine Ibex been sighted? |
in caves | Where do the ibex live? |
chamois | What animal that live in the Alps are classified as antelopes? |
1792 | What year was the last brown bear recorded to have been killed? |
underground | Where do many rodents live? |
almost exclusively above the tree line as high as 2,700 m (8,858 ft) | Where do Marmots live? |
beneath the alpine pastures | Where do marmots build their colonies? |
the alpine chough | What is the most common bird found in the Alps? |
they cannot bear the cold temperatures | Why do reptiles only live up to the snow line? |
they hibernate underground | What do reptiles due since they cannot bear the cold temperatures? |
by giving birth to fully developed young rather than laying eggs | How have the Alpine salamanders adapted to living above the snow line? |
Brown trout | What can be found in the streams up to the snow line? |
120 million years | How long have some species of moths believed to have evolved from the same habitat? |
Blue moths | What can be commonly seen drinking from the snow melt? |
1,800 m (5,906 ft) | The swallowtail Parnassius family of butterfly habitat ranges up to how much? |
Rosalia alpina | What species of beetles are were collected for their colors before being protected? |
having been indigenous to the area | Some species of moths and insects show evidence of what? |
the Alpine orogeny | How long ago does the evidence show moths and insects to have been indigenous? |
Valais, Switzerland | Where is Emosson located? |
the 1970s | When were dinosaur tracks found in Emosson? |
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