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3,700 | Give Me Your Eyes is a song by contemporary Christian musician Brandon Heath from his second album , What If We . It was released in July 2008 as the album 's lead single and quickly gained success . It sold nearly 6 , 000 downloads in the first week , and became 2008 's highest debuting Christian track at the time . It soon placed at No. 1 on Christian radio charts , and held the position for multiple consecutive weeks . At the end of 2008 , it was the second most played song of the year on Christian contemporary hit radio . The song is about wanting to see the world as God would , and having a desire to view people with more compassion . Give Me Your Eyes was written by Heath and songwriter Jason Ingram , and was generally well received by critics . The song received two GMA Dove Awards in April 2009 , including the Song of the Year title . It was also Grammy Award nominated in the Best Gospel Song category for 2009 . Background The song 's meaning originated with a discussion between Brandon Heath and friend and songwriter Jason Ingram . We had a conversation over Chinese food that we wished we could have God s perspective on things , Heath said . If we did have His perspective , we 'd wish we could have it for long periods of time , rather than just for a few seconds . That was the beginning . He soon began to pen a song about the idea , co writing Give Me Your Eyes with Ingram . Prior to recording What If We , Heath had written 40 possible tracks for the album , and although the song was not his top favorite , he noted that Give Me Your Eyes was one of the first that really stuck out . Music and lyrics The song 's genre is represented by pop , and includes acoustic and mild hip hop influences . It is a mid tempo song based upon a strummed acoustic guitar , background piano , and occasional strings . The song 's continuous clap sounding beat was described as a hip hop shuffle , drawing comparisons to Christian musician Mat Kearney . Lyrically , the song is about a desire to view people as God would , and was inspired by people watching at an airport . Heath has said , it 's a song about my own convictions for wanting to see the world with compassionate eyes . Release Give Me Your Eyes was digitally released as the lead single from What If We on July 23 , 2008 . Upon its release , the single was commercially successful and soon began to place on Christian radio charts . It made nearly 6 , 000 downloads in the first week , which was the highest debuting Christian track of 2008 at the time . By the second week , another 6 , 700 copies were sold . It placed at No. 1 on Billboard 's Hot Christian Songs chart beginning in September , and spent an end total of 14 consecutive weeks at the top by December . It also held the No. 1 position on the Radio Records ( R R ) Christian CHR chart for 13 consecutive weeks from the last week of August through the start of December . For the week of November 1 , 2008 , Give Me Your Eyes debuted on Billboard 's Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart at No. 22 , which is equivalent to placing at No. 122 on the Hot 100 . By mid September , it had sold 70 , 000 digital downloads . The song placed at No. 1 on the iTunes top Christian songs chart and held the position from July through February for seven consecutive months , receiving 100 , 000 downloads on iTunes by late October . It ended 2008 as the second most played song on R R 's Christian CHR format the song also placed at No. 9 for the year 's top played Christian AC songs . Compilation This song was also by the appearances by the compilation album WOW Hits 2009 and Now That 's What I Call Faith . Reception The song was generally received well by critics . The New York Times highlighted Heath 's Grammy Award nominated What If We album as one of the best Grammy nominees in Christian music that year , saying Mr. Heath 's sense of wonder is firmly intact ' Give Me Your Eyes , ' which is nominated for best gospel song , is a breezy statement of humble devotion . The song was featured on USA Today 's top ten pick of the week playlist in the beginning of March 2009 the magazine 's editor and music critic Brian Mansfield said , Grammy and Dove Award nominations are attracting a second look for Heath 's song about seeing life 's big picture . Jesus Freak Hideout 's Matthew Watson said of Heath 's future music efforts it could be really outstanding if he sticks to more upbeat songs like ' Give Me Your Eyes ' . The song was Grammy Award nominated in the Best Gospel Song category for the 51st Grammy Awards of 2009 . It received two awards at the 40th GMA Dove Awards in April 2009 Song of the Year and Pop Contemporary Song of the Year . On January 30 , 2010 , the song won an Emmy for the Nashville Rescue Mission Hunger to Hope public service announcement campaign from the unk Chapter of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences . Music video A music video for Give Me Your Eyes was filmed over the night of July 23 24 , 2008 at the Birmingham Shuttlesworth International Airport in Birmingham , Alabama after most flights had landed for the night . It was directed by the Erwin Brothers and premiered on the Gospel Music Channel on August 23 , 2008 . The video is mainly set in an airport as Brandon Heath walks among people , with interspersed shots of Heath sitting on steps and singing . The scenes of Heath sitting on stairs and in a chair were filmed in the older 1962 Birmingham Air Terminal which is adjacent to the current terminal and no longer used for passenger traffic . In the bridge of the song , a portion of the video is played backwards as he sings the lines I want a second glance So give me a second chance To see the way You see the people all alone . In the last chorus , a few of the previous scenes are replayed as Heath now helps with people 's individual situations . In one of the early shots , a woman steps in front of an approaching car it is replayed as Heath intervenes and stops her from being hit by the car . The video 's airport scene included about 100 extras . Charts
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3,701 | John Northrup Shive ( February 22 , 1913 June 1 , 1984 ) was an American physicist and inventor . He made notable contributions in electronic engineering and solid state physics during the early days of transistor development at Bell Laboratories . In particular , he produced experimental evidence that holes could diffuse through bulk germanium and not just along the surface as previously thought . This paved the way from Bardeen and Brattain 's point contact transistor to Shockley 's more robust junction transistor . Shive is best known for inventing the unk in 1948 , a device that combines the sensitivity to light of a unk and the current gain of a transistor , and for the Shive wave machine in 1959 , an educational apparatus used to illustrate wave motion . Early life and education John N. Shive was born in Baltimore , Maryland , on February 22 , 1913 , and grew up in New Jersey . Shive graduated from Rutgers University with a B.S. in physics and chemistry in 1934 . He also earned a Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University , submitting a dissertation Practice and theory of the modulation of Geiger counters in 1939 . Shive became a fellow of the American Physical Society , a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science , and was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa and Sigma Xi fraternities . Scientific career John N. Shive joined Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1939 . Shive worked initially on physical research , device development and later on education and training . After retirement from industry , he worked as an adjunct professor of physics at Georgian Court University . The spherical sundial on campus , in front of the bookstore and next to the library , is dedicated to his memory for his lifelong desire and service toward improving the teaching of physics . Transistor development On January 30 , 1948 Shive discovered that gold plated tungsten point contacts on a p type layer of germanium grown on an n type substrate gave a terrific triode effect . On February 13 of the same year he also discovered that a transistor consisting of bronze contacts on the surface of an n type substrate without a p layer gave gains up to 40 in power He leveraged this discovery to build a point contact transistor with bronze contacts on the front and back of thin wedge of germanium , proving that holes could diffuse through bulk germanium and not just along the surface as previously thought . This confirmed William Shockley 's idea that it should be possible to build a junction transistor , an idea that hitherto he had kept secret from the rest of the team . Shockley later admitted that the workings of the team were mixture of cooperation and competition . He also admitted that he kept some of own work secret until his hand was forced by Shive 's 1948 advance . unk In 1948 Shive invented the unk that used a beam of light , instead of a wire , as the emitter of a point contact transistor , generating holes that flow to the collector . It wasn 't announced until 1950 . This invention embodies the modern day nationwide direct distance dialing system . Shive wave machine Shive was a gifted lecturer and became Director of Education Training at Bell Telephone Laboratories . In this role he was responsible for curriculum and administration of educational programs provided to employees of Bell Laboratories . In this new role , he invented the Shive wave machine ( also known as the Shive wave generator ) . The wave generator illustrates wave motion using a series of steel rods joined by a thin torsion wire . The torsion wire transmits energy from one rod to the next . The high moment of inertia of each rod ensures the wave takes several seconds to traverse the entire series of rods , making the dynamics easily visible . The motion is analogous to high frequency waves that are invisible to the human eye , such as electromagnetic waves on a transmission line . The wave generator could illustrate wave reflection , standing waves , resonance , partial reflection and impedance matching . Shive made two educations films in which he demonstrated the machine , Simple Waves and Similarities in Wave Behavior , and wrote a book with the same name as the latter . Exploratorium Exhibit Services manufactures a large scale version of the machine for use in science museums . Patents Shive held several patents including Selenium rectifier and method of making it , Directly heated thermocouple , unk translating device , Selenium rectifier including tellurium and method of making it , Apparatus for and method of treating selenium rectifiers , Semiconductor photoelectric device , Conditioning of semiconductor translators , Semiconductor amplifier , and Alternating gate current . Books Shive authored three books during his career , beginning with The Properties , Physics , and Design of Semiconductor Devices ( 1959 ) , a book about semiconductor devices . This was followed by Similarities of Wave Behavior ( 1961 ) , a book designed to help college professors teach students about waves using the machine he invented . His last book , Similarities in Physics ( 1982 ) , was coauthored with Robert L. Weber . He was also one of the editors of Transistor Technology , Volume 1 . Honors John N. Shive was a fellow of the American Physical Society and a Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers . He was also a chairman of the Advisory Committee on the Pre College Physics Project of the American Institute of Physics . Personal life Shive was married to Helen Shive . Selected works J. N. Shive , Physical Review , vol . 75 , p . 318 , 1949 . J. N. Shive , Physical Review , vol . 75 , p . 689 , 1949 . J. A. Becker and J. N. Shive , The Transistor A New Semiconductor Amplifier , The Electrical Engineer . , vol 68 , no . 3 , pp. 215 221 , Mar. 1949 . doi 10 . 1109 unk J. N. Shive , The Properties of Germanium unk , unk , vol . 43 , no . 4 , pp. 239 243 , 1953 . doi 10 . 1364 unk John N. Shive and Robert L. Weber , Similarities in Physics . New York , NY Wiley , 1982 . ISBN 978 unk .
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3,702 | SM U 41 or U XLI was a U 27 class U boat or submarine for the Austro Hungarian Navy . U 41 , built by the Austrian firm of Cantiere Navale Triestino ( CNT ) at the Pola Navy Yard , was launched in November 1917 . When she was commissioned in February 1918 , she became the last boat of her class to enter service . She was also the last domestically constructed Austro Hungarian U boat to enter service . She had a single hull just over 122 feet ( 37 m ) in length . She displaced 280 metric tons ( 276 long tons ) when surfaced and over 325 metric tons ( 320 long tons ) when submerged . Her two diesel engines moved her at up to 9 knots ( 17 km h ) on the surface , while her twin electric motors propelled her at up to 7 . 5 knots ( 13 . 9 km h ) while underwater . She was armed with two bow torpedo tubes and could carry a load of up to four torpedoes . She was also equipped with a 75 mm ( 3 . 0 in ) deck gun and a machine gun . During a short service career marred by repeated engine breakdowns , U 41 sank one ship , the French steamer Amiral Charner of 4 , 604 gross register tons ( GRT ) . U 41 was at Cattaro at war 's end , and was ceded to France as a war reparation in 1920 . She was towed to Bizerta and broken up within a year . Design and construction Austria Hungary 's U boat fleet was largely obsolete at the outbreak of World War I. The Austro Hungarian Navy satisfied its most urgent needs by purchasing five Type UB I submarines that comprised the U 10 class from Germany , by raising and recommissioning the sunken French submarine Curie as U 14 , and by building four submarines of the U 20 class that were based on the 1911 Danish Havmanden class . Once these steps had alleviated their most urgent needs , the Austro Hungarian Navy selected the German Type UB II design for its newest submarines in mid 1915 . The Germans were reluctant to allocate any of their wartime resources to Austro Hungarian construction , but were willing to sell plans for up to six of the UB II boats to be constructed under license in Austria Hungary . The Navy agreed to the proposal and purchased the plans from AG Weser of Bremen , one of the two German shipyards building UB II submarines . U 41 displaced 280 metric tons ( 276 long tons ) surfaced and 326 metric tons ( 321 long tons ) submerged . She had a single hull with saddle tanks , and was planned to be 121 feet 1 inch ( 36 . 91 m ) long with a beam of 14 feet 4 inches ( 4 . 37 m ) and a draft of 12 feet 2 inches ( 3 . 71 m ) . For propulsion , she had two shafts , twin diesel engines of 270 bhp ( 200 kW ) for surface running , and twin electric motors of 280 shp ( 210 kW ) for submerged travel . She was capable of 9 knots ( 16 . 7 km h ) while surfaced and 7 . 5 knots ( 13 . 9 km h ) while submerged . Although there is no specific notation of a range for U 41 in Conway 's All the World 's Fighting Ships , 1906 1921 , the German UB II boats , upon which the U 27 class was based , had a range of over 6 , 000 nautical miles ( 11 , 000 km ) at 5 knots ( 9 . 3 km h ) surfaced , and 45 nautical miles ( 83 km ) at 4 knots ( 7 . 4 km h ) submerged . U 27 class boats were designed for a crew of 23 24 . U 41 was armed with two 45 cm ( 17 . 7 in ) bow torpedo tubes and could carry a complement of four torpedoes . She was also equipped with a 75 mm 26 ( 3 . 0 in ) deck gun and an 8 mm ( 0 . 31 in ) machine gun . U 41 was ordered from Cantiere Navale Triestino ( CNT ) as a replacement for U 6 ( which had been sunk in May 1916 ) . She was laid down on 23 February 1917 at the Pola Navy Yard . During construction , U 41 was lengthened by nearly 30 centimetres ( 12 in ) to accommodate diesel engines that had been ordered for U 6 before her loss . U 41 was launched on 11 November . Service career On 19 February 1918 , SM U 41 was commissioned into the Austro Hungarian Navy under the command of Linienschiffsleutnant Edgar Wolf . Previously in command of U 4 for a week in April 1915 , the 28 year old Wolf was a native of Fiume ( present day Rijeka , Croatia ) . When she entered service , U 41 was the last boat of her class to do so . She was also the last domestically constructed U boat completed and commissioned into the Austro Hungarian Navy . Wolf and U 41 departed Pola on 17 March for a patrol in the Mediterranean . On 30 March , Wolf attempted to torpedo a steamer off the coast of Africa , but missed his target . Three days later , the left diesel engine failed and Wolf steered his boat back to port , arriving at Cattaro on 5 April . U 41 sailed for Pola on 9 April and , completing the journey two days later , underwent repairs over the next six weeks . While conducting a diving trial out of Pola on 25 May , the boat sprang a leak at the depth of 50 metres ( 160 ft ) . She returned to Pola and underwent more extensive repairs , remaining there until August . After making way to the submarine base at Brioni , U 41 set out on another patrol into the Mediterranean on 29 August , but put into Sebenico the next day for engine repairs . Resuming her patrol after a day 's delay , U 41 reached her patrol area east of Malta . Wolf and U 41 scored their first success on 13 September , when they torpedoed and sank the steamer Amiral Charner west of Pantellaria . The 4 , 604 ton French ship was carrying horses and a general cargo from Marseilles for Salonika when she was attacked . Six were killed in the attack on the French ship . On 26 September , U 41 attacked another steamer west of Kefalonia , but was apparently unsuccessful . U 41 ended her patrol at Cattaro on 28 September . On October 6 , Wolf and U 41 set out from Cattaro to patrol off Durazzo and the Albanian coast . After nine days without success , the boat returned to Cattaro , and remained there through the end of the war . On 1 November , U 41 was taken over by a British commission , who controlled the vessel until she was ceded to France as a war reparation in 1920 . U 41 and sister boats U 29 and U 31 were towed to Bizerta . U 29 foundered en route , but U 31 and U 41 reached their destination and were scrapped within the next year .
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3,703 | Lightning Bar ( 1951 1960 ) was an American Quarter Horse who raced and subsequently became a breeding stallion . He was bred by his lifelong owner Art Pollard of Sonoita , Arizona , and was the offspring of Three Bars , a Thoroughbred , and Della P , a Quarter Horse mare from Louisiana , then noted for the breeding of sprint horses . Lightning Bar raced ten times , achieving four victories and four other top three finishes . His racing career was cut short by illness after only one year , following which he spent two years as a show horse . As a breeding stallion he sired seven crops , or years , of foals , among whom Doc Bar was the best known . In 1960 Lightning Bar died of an intestinal infection at the age of nine . He was inducted into the American Quarter Horse Association 's ( AQHA ) Hall of Fame in 2008 . Early life unk , or born , in 1951 , Lightning Bar was bred to be a race horse , but injuries and bouts of illnesses kept him from racing past the age of two . His breeder , Art Pollard , owned him for the horse 's entire life . Lightning Bar was sired by Three Bars , a Thoroughbred stallion later inducted into the AQHA Hall of Fame . His dam was Della P , a daughter of the Thoroughbred stallion Doc Horn . His second dam , or maternal grandmother , was a mare who was never given a name , sired by Old D. J. Art Pollard purchased Della P from Dink Parker for 1 , 750 ( approximately 17 , 200 as of 2016 ) in the late 1940s . Della P was bred in Louisiana , a leader in breeding short distance racehorses between 1900 and 1940 , and was taken to Arizona by Parker . When Lightning Bar was about five days old Pollard was afraid that he had leg problems and was buck kneed , and considered putting the colt to sleep . He sought Parker 's advice , and as Pollard later related the story , Dink just looked at me and shook his head . ' Ain 't you ever gonna learn nothing That colt 's just what you 're looking for . ' When mature , the sorrel colored Lightning Bar stood 15 . 2 hands ( 62 inches , 157 cm ) tall and weighed about 1 , 250 pounds ( 570 kg ) . Racing and show career Lightning Bar started on the racetrack ten times , winning four races , coming in second three times , and third once . Among those finishes , he ran second and third in two stakes races , a type of race for higher quality horses with a higher payout . His total earnings on the track were 1 , 491 ( approximately 13 , 200 as of 2016 ) , and his highest speed index , or comparative rating of his speed , was AAA , the highest achievable at the time . Lightning Bar raced for only one year , as he suffered from bouts of pneumonia , strangles , and leg injuries . He equalled one track record for two year olds at the Los Angeles County Fair race meeting in Pomona , California , running 330 yards ( 300 m ) in 17 . 2 seconds . After his racing career Lightning Bar went on to become a show horse , earning 18 open halter points with the AQHA , and an AQHA Champion award in 1955 . He won one grand championship and one reserve championship in halter classes at recognized AQHA shows . Breeding career The first year Lightning Bar stood as a breeding stallion his stud fee , the amount charged to breed a mare to him , was 250 ( approximately 2 , 200 as of 2016 ) but only nine mares were bred to him . The next year , he bred 11 mares , but in 1956 , he bred 102 mares at 500 ( approximately 4 , 400 as of 2016 ) each . One of Pollard 's attempts to advertise his stallion involved letting one of his ranch hands take the horse to a local jackpot roping . Pollard assumed that the hand would just ride Lightning Bar around and show him off , but he later discovered that more was involved . Pollard said later that I should have been suspicious when he ( the ranch hand ) returned with Lightning Bar that afternoon , with a sheepish grin on his face . I asked him how the horse was received and he said ' The stud did good and I won the jackpot ' After congratulating him , I asked which rope horse he had used . He replied , ' The stud . ' Pollard said of Lightning Bar that I always had to be careful about the kind of latch I used on a gate with that horse . He could figure them out faster than I could . He would open a gate , and go for a stroll . Lightning Bar sired 148 foals in his eight breeding seasons , and 118 of those foals went on to either race or show careers . Of his foals , 108 started races , and 77 won , earning a total of 476 , 949 . The most successful of his foals , Lightning Belle , earned 60 , 134 ( approximately 465 , 000 as of 2016 ) . Five of Lightning Bar 's foals earned AQHA Championships Cactus Comet , Crash Bang , Lightning Rey , Pana Bar and Relampago Bar Lightning Rey earned a Supreme Championship . In addition , Lightning Bar 's offspring earned 1 , 163 . 32 in National Cutting Horse Association sanctioned cattle cutting competitions , and four earned a Superior Halter Horse title from the AQHA . Death and legacy Lightning Bar died in June 1960 from colitis X , a disease of unknown origin that can kill rapidly and without warning . It infected many of Pollard 's horses of those affected only three survived . Heartbroken , Pollard sold his remaining stock and did not return to the Quarter Horse business for 15 years . He said later that it was a nightmare when they were wiped out . Even now , we can still feel the sadness of losing those horses . Another time , Pollard remarked that Someone once said that a man deserves one good woman and one good dog in his lifetime . To that quip I would add one good horse . I certainly had one in Lightning Bar . Lightning Bar was inducted into the AQHA 's American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame in 2008 . His most famous son was Doc Bar , who was also inducted into the Hall of Fame . Lightning Bar 's daughter Glamour Bars was the dam of Impressive , who became well known as one of the leading sires of halter horses . Two stakes races were run in Lightning Bar 's memory , the first at Los Alamitos Race track in California for one year in 1961 . The second ran from 1962 to 1966 at Ruidoso Downs in New Mexico . Pedigree
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3,704 | La Galissonnire was lead ship of a class of wooden hulled , armored corvettes built for the French Navy during the 1870s . She was named after the victor of the Battle of Minorca in 1756 , Marquis de la Galissonnire . She bombarded Sfax in 1881 as part of the French occupation of Tunisia and was present in Alexandria shortly before the British bombarded it before the beginning of the 1882 Anglo Egyptian War . The ship participated in a number of battles during the Sino French War of 1884 85 . La Galissonnire was condemned in 1894 . Design and description The La Galissonnire class ironclads were designed as faster , more heavily armed versions of the Alma class armored corvettes by Henri Dupuy de Lme . They used the same central battery layout as their predecessors , although the battery was lengthened 4 meters ( 13 ft 1 in ) to provide enough room to work the larger 240 millimeter ( 9 . 4 in ) guns . A two propeller layout was adopted in an unsuccessful attempt to reduce the ship 's draft . La Galissonnire measured 76 . 62 meters ( 251 ft 5 in ) between perpendiculars , with a beam of 14 . 84 meters ( 48 ft 8 in ) . She had a mean draft of 6 . 55 meters ( 21 ft 6 in ) and displaced 4 , 654 metric tons ( 4 , 580 long tons ) . The ship had a metacentric height of .926 meters ( 3 ft 0 . 5 in ) . Her crew numbered between 352 and 382 officers and men . Propulsion La Galissonnire had two Wolf vertical compound steam engines , each driving a single 3 . 8 meter ( 12 ft 6 in ) propeller . Her engines were powered by four oval boilers . On sea trials the engines produced a total of 2 , 370 indicated horsepower ( 1 , 770 kW ) and the ship reached 13 . 08 knots ( 24 . 22 km h 15 . 05 mph ) . La Galissonnire carried 500 metric tons ( 490 long tons ) of coal which allowed the ship to steam for 3 , 240 nautical miles ( 6 , 000 km 3 , 730 mi ) at a speed of 10 knots ( 19 km h 12 mph ) . She was ship rigged with three masts and had a sail area around 1 , 707 square meters ( 18 , 370 sq ft ) . Armament The ship mounted four of her six 240 millimeter Modle 1870 guns in the central battery on the battery deck . The other two 240 millimeter guns were mounted in barbettes on the upper deck , sponsoned out over the sides of the ship , abaft the funnel . La Galissonnire 's secondary armament of four 120 millimeter ( 4 . 7 in ) guns was also mounted on the upper deck . They were replaced by six 100 millimeter ( 3 . 9 in ) guns in 1880 . The armor piercing shell of the 19 caliber 240 millimeter gun weighed 317 . 5 pounds ( 144 . 0 kg ) while the gun itself weighed 15 . 41 long tons ( 15 . 66 t ) . It had a muzzle velocity of 1 , 624 ft s ( 495 m s ) and was credited with the ability to penetrate a nominal 14 . 4 inches ( 366 mm ) of wrought iron armour at the muzzle . The guns could fire both solid shot and explosive shells . The ship received four 37 millimeter ( 1 . 5 in ) Hotchkiss 5 barrel revolving guns in 1878 . They fired a shell weighing about 500 g ( 1 . 1 lb ) at a muzzle velocity of about 610 m s ( 2 , 000 ft s ) to a range of about 3 , 200 meters ( 3 , 500 yd ) . They had a rate of fire of about 30 rounds per minute . La Galissonnire also received several towed Harvey torpedoes . Armor La Galissonnire had a complete 150 millimeter ( 5 . 9 in ) wrought iron waterline belt , approximately 2 . 4 meters ( 7 . 9 ft ) high laid over 650 millimeters ( 26 in ) of wood . The sides of the battery itself were armored with 120 millimeters ( 4 . 7 in ) of wrought iron backed by 520 millimeters ( 20 in ) of wood and the ends of the battery were closed by bulkheads of the same thickness . The barbette armor was 120 millimeters ( 4 . 7 in ) thick . The unarmored portions of their sides were protected by thin iron plates . Service La Galissonnire was laid down at Brest on 22 June 1868 and launched on 7 May 1872 . While the exact reason for such prolonged construction time is not known , the budget for the French Navy was cut after the Franco Prussian War of 1870 71 and the French dockyards had not been reformed with working practices more suitable for the industrial age . The ship began her sea trials on 20 April 1874 and was not commissioned until 18 July 1874 . She became flagship of the Pacific Squadron on 16 May 1874 under the command of Rear Admiral unk . She return to Brest on 19 March 1877 , having circumnavigated the world via the Suez Canal . The ship was placed in reserve upon her return until she recommissioned on 15 August 1878 in preparation for a commission as flagship of the Caribbean Squadron which began on 6 October under Rear Admiral Peyron . Two years later she sailed to Cherbourg and was reduced to reserve on 13 May 1880 . La Galissonnire became the flagship of the Levant Squadron ( French Division Navale du Levant ) under Rear Admiral Alfred Conrad on 27 May 1881 . Shortly afterward she bombarded the Tunisian port of Sfax in July 1881 as part of the French occupation of Tunisia . In early 1882 La Galissonnire was present in Alexandria shortly before the British bombarded it before the beginning of the 1882 Anglo Egyptian War . The ship remained in the Mediterranean through 1883 . La Galissonnire relieved her half sister Victorieuse in April 1884 as the flagship of the Far East Squadron , under the command of Vice Admiral Amde Courbet , just in time to participate in the Sino French War of 1884 85 . The ship fought in the late stages of the Battle of Fuzhou in August 1884 when she tried to pass a Chinese fort ( known to the French as Fort unk ) defending the entrance to the Min River . La Galissonnire failed to destroy the fort and was lightly damaged by a shell that struck her bow . It damaged her steam capstan and killed one man . The ship supplied landing parties during the Battle of Tamsui in October 1884 , but they were forced to retreat by Chinese troops , although only nine men were killed . Nothing is known of any further participation by La Galissonnire in the war . She was ordered home in February 1886 and laid up for the last time in Cherbourg upon her return . The ship was condemned on 24 December 1894 .
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3,705 | The 2010 East West Shrine Game was the 85th staging of the all star college football exhibition game featuring NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision players . The game featured over 100 players from the 2009 college football season , and prospects for the 2010 Draft of the professional National Football League ( NFL ) , as well as for the United Football League 's inaugural draft . In the week prior to the game , scouts from all 32 NFL teams attended . The proceeds from the East West Shrine Game benefit Shriners Hospitals for Children . Marty Schottenheimer and Romeo Crennel served as the two teams ' coaches for the game . The East team won by a 13 10 margin on the strength of a touchdown with just six seconds remaining . According to some reliable sources , Wisconsin defensive end O 'Brien Schofield and Northwestern quarterback Mike Kafka of the east team were defensive and offensive MVPs , respectively . However , other sources point to East Carolina cornerback Van Eskridge also of the east team was selected as defensive MVP . Although no players from this game were chosen in the first round of the NFL Draft and only 7 were chosen on the second day of the draft ( rounds 2 3 ) , a total of 34 participants were selected during the draft 's seven rounds . This includes four selections by the Pittsburgh Steelers and three each by the Philadelphia Eagles and Green Bay Packers . Three Utah Utes football players and five offensive tackles from this game were selected in the draft . Game notes The West team was coached by Schottenheimer and the East by Crennel . The game was played on January 23 , 2010 at 3 00 p.m. local time at Citrus Bowl in Orlando , Florida . It was the first time the game was played at the Citrus Bowl . In fact , it was the first time the game was played in the state of Florida . The game had been hosted in California since 1925 until 2006 when it was moved to Texas . The game was broadcast on ESPN2 . The combined score of 23 was the lowest since the 14 6 1992 East West Shrine Game . The total attendance of 8 , 345 was the lowest in the history of the self described longest running college all star game . During the week before the game was played , the players interacted with general managers and scouts between practices . In the first half , the East posted two interceptions . Schofield , who also had three tackles , made an interception of a pass by BYU quarterback Max Hall . Subsequently , Eskridge also intercepted a pass by Kansas quarterback Todd Reesing . The only first half scoring came on field goals . Joshua Shene of Ole Miss posted field goals of 44 and 40 yards for the East . Texas placekicker Hunter Lawrence had a 47 yarder for the West . Shene 's field goals both came in the final two minutes and fifteen seconds of the first half . The West took a 10 6 lead with 6 59 left in the game when Hall connected with UCLA fullback Ryan Moya for an 8 yard touchdown pass . A key play on the drive was a 41 yard pass from Hall to Eastern Washington tight end Nathan Overbay as he was cutting across the middle of a wide open field . BYU 's Dennis unk then caught a 17 yard reception . Kafka threw the game winning touchdown to Penn State tight end Andrew Quarless with six seconds left , resulting in the 13 10 victory over the West . The touchdown capped an 11 play 55 yard game winning drive . The play before the touchdown , Kafka had scrambled out of the grasp of a swarm of defenders for a 9 yard gain . During the drive Freddie Barnes of Bowling Green caught three consecutive passes of 12 , 7 , and 10 yards . The final play was set up after Kafka eluded a sack during a 2nd down and 10 yards situation on the West 11 yardline which led to a timeout with 12 seconds left before Kafka connected with Quarless in the back of the end zone . Kafka was 18 of 27 for 150 yards and Michigan State 's Blair White made 7 receptions for 93 yards for the East . Hall was 7 of 12 for 119 yards , a touchdown , and an interception and unk recorded 4 receptions for 72 yards for the West . The game saw no one accumulate more than 28 total rushing yards from scrimmage and no run was longer than 16 yards . In addition to the aforementioned players , the defensive standouts for the East on Saturday were Virginia Tech 's Kam Chancellor ( 7 tackles ) , USF 's Kion Wilson ( 6 tackles , forced fumble ) and Ole Miss ' Greg Hardy , Jr . ( 5 tackles , sack ) . The West were led by seven tackles from Kansas ' Darrell Stuckey and six tackles and three pass breakups from Texas Tech 's Jamar Wall . According to the release from Shriners International Headquarters and several other sources , Schofield and Kafka of the east team were defensive and offensive MVPs , respectively . However , according to the Associated Press press release that was published by ESPN , Sports Illustrated and several other sources , Eskridge was selected as defensive MVP . Scoring summary Statistical leaders Coaching staff West Team East Team Rosters East team West team 2010 NFL Draft Below is a list of the 34 players from this game that were drafted in the 2010 NFL Draft . The Pittsburgh Steelers drafted four players that they scouted at this game and both the Philadelphia Eagles and the Green Bay Packers scouted three . The Arizona Cardinals , Buffalo Bills , Houston Texans , Tennessee Titans and Baltimore Ravens each selected two . Five offensive tackles , four defensive tackles , defensive ends , tight ends and wide receivers were drafted from this game . Three players from the Utah Utes as well as two each from the UCLA Bruins and Kansas Jayhawks were selected . Although 34 players were selected during the seven round draft , none were selected in the first round , while ten were chosen in the fifth and an additional 7 were chosen in the final seventh round . The east team 's Matt unk had already been drafted with the fifth pick of the third round in the 2009 CFL Draft by the BC Lions . Jordan Sisco was selected with the first pick in the second round ( 8th overall ) of the 2010 CFL Draft by the Saskatchewan Roughriders .
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3,706 | No. 5 Service Flying Training School ( No. 5 SFTS ) was a Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF ) flight training unit that operated during World War II . It was one of eight Service Flying Training Schools established by the RAAF to provide intermediate and advanced flying instruction to new pilots as part of Australia 's contribution to the Empire Air Training Scheme . No. 5 SFTS was formed at RAAF Station Uranquinty , New South Wales , in October 1941 , and disbanded in February 1946 . Its staff and equipment were employed to re establish No. 1 Flying Training School , which transferred to RAAF Station Point Cook , Victoria , the following year . Care and Maintenance Unit Uranquinty was also formed from No. 5 SFTS 's facilities , to look after surplus aircraft at the base prior to their disposal , and disbanded in December 1948 . History RAAF aircrew training expanded dramatically following the outbreak of World War II , in response to Australia 's participation in the Empire Air Training Scheme ( EATS ) . The Air Force 's pre war flight training facility , No. 1 Flying Training School at RAAF Station Point Cook , Victoria , was supplanted in 1940 41 by twelve Elementary Flying Training Schools ( EFTS ) , eight Service Flying Training Schools ( SFTS ) , and the Central Flying School ( CFS ) . While CFS turned out new flight instructors , the EFTS provided basic training to prospective pilots who , if successful , would go on to an SFTS for further instruction that focussed on operational ( or service ) flying techniques . The course at SFTS typically consisted of two streams , intermediate and advanced , and included such techniques as instrument flying , night flying , advanced aerobatics , formation flying , dive bombing , and aerial gunnery . The total duration of training varied during the war as demand for aircrew fluctuated . Initially running for 16 weeks , the course was cut to 10 weeks ( which included 75 hours flying time ) in October 1940 . A year later it was raised to 12 weeks ( including 100 hours flying time ) , and again to 16 weeks two months later . It continued to increase after this , peaking at 28 weeks in June 1944 . No. 5 Service Flying Training School ( No. 5 SFTS ) was formed at RAAF Station Uranquinty , New South Wales , in October 1941 , and came under the control of No. 2 Training Group . Along with No. 2 Service Flying Training School at nearby RAAF Station Forest Hill , and the later No. 1 Basic Flying Training School at Uranquinty , No. 5 SFTS was one of the so called Wagga Flying Training Schools , which together graduated over 3 , 000 pilots in the 1940s and ' 50s . The unit 's inaugural commanding officer was Group Captain Ulex Ewart , a graduate of the Royal Military College , Duntroon , who had been seconded to the Air Force and learnt to fly on the first cadet course at No. 1 Flying Training School in 1923 . At the time of its formation , No. 5 SFTS had a strength of 792 personnel , responsible for training about 200 pilots . One of its original instructors was Flying Officer Bill Newton , who was later awarded the Victoria Cross for bombing raids in New Guinea . Following the outbreak of the Pacific War in December 1941 , the school 's CAC Wirraway single engined trainers were classified as Second Line ( Reserve ) aircraft in the defence of Australia . No. 5 SFTS began flight training in February 1942 using 28 Wirraways . The unit grew over the next two years , and by early 1944 was operating 128 Wirraways , two de Havilland DH.84 Dragons , two de Havilland Moth Minors and a CAC Wackett . It typically graduated one course of pilots each month , although the wastage rate sometimes exceeded 40 per cent . Among its graduates was Len Waters , the first Aboriginal Australian military aviator , and the only one to serve as a fighter pilot in the RAAF during World War II . As a training facility , No. 5 SFTS regularly suffered flying accidents . Forty two of its students died during the war , an average of around one per month . A near miss involving more experienced pilots occurred at the school in December 1943 , when aces Clive Caldwell and John Waddy , then instructors at No. 2 Operational Training Unit in Mildura , almost collided when they crossed paths during an aerobatics display over the base . No. 5 SFTS reached a strength of some 2 , 000 personnel during the war , and graduated 1 , 515 pilots . The rate of flying conducted at the school declined during 1945 and , by November , its aircraft were being readied for storage . In February 1946 , No. 5 SFTS was disbanded and its staff and equipment used to re establish No. 1 Flying Training School ( No. 1 FTS ) , which had operated during the war as No. 1 Service Flying Training School prior to disbanding in 1944 . No. 1 FTS was allocated 55 Wirraways , two de Havilland Tiger Moths , and one Avro Anson , though in the event it undertook little flying before relocating to Point Cook in August 1947 . Post war demobilisation saw the establishment of several RAAF Care and Maintenance Units ( CMU ) , which were responsible for the upkeep of surplus equipment prior to disposal . No. 5 SFTS spawned Care and Maintenance Unit Uranquinty to look after aircraft stored at the base . These were auctioned off in November 1948 , and CMU Uranquinty was dissolved the next month . Legacy Following the departure of No. 1 FTS in 1947 , no flying was conducted at Uranquinty until 1951 , when the newly formed No. 1 Basic Flying Training School ( No. 1 BFTS ) inherited the base facilities . No. 1 BFTS transferred to Point Cook in 1958 , at which point Uranquinty was closed . The RAAF units that operated at the base formed a close connection with the local community . In 1999 , a memorial to No. 5 SFTS was erected at Wirraway Park , Uranquinty . An additional panel to the memorial was unveiled in September 2002 by the Governor General of Australia , Peter Hollingworth the proceedings included an aerial display by a Pilatus PC 9 of the Roulettes aerobatic team , and the arrival of a Wirraway from Temora Aviation Museum , the first time in 45 years that one of these trainers had landed at Uranquinty .
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3,707 | The Borneo shark ( Carcharhinus borneensis ) is a species of requiem shark , and part of the family Carcharhinidae . Extremely rare , it is known only from inshore waters around Mukah in northwestern Borneo , though it may once have been more widely distributed . A small , gray shark reaching 65 cm ( 26 in ) in length , this species is the only member of its genus with a row of enlarged pores above the corners of its mouth . It has a slender body with a long , pointed snout and a low second dorsal fin placed posterior to the anal fin origin . Almost nothing is known about the natural history of the Borneo shark . It is viviparous like other requiem sharks the females bear litters of six pups , which are provisioned through gestation by a placental connection . The International Union for Conservation of Nature last assessed this species as Endangered , at which time it had not been seen since 1937 . While an extant population has since been found , the Borneo shark continues to merit conservation concern given its highly limited range within heavily fished waters . Taxonomy and phylogeny Dutch ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker originally described the Borneo shark as Carcharias ( Prionodon ) borneensis in an 1858 issue of the scientific journal Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo unk . He based his account on a newborn male 24 cm ( 9 . 4 in ) long , caught off Singkawang in western Kalimantan , Borneo . Later authors have recognized this species as belonging to the genus Carcharhinus . Before 2004 , only five specimens of the Borneo shark were known , all of them immature and collected before 1937 . In April and May 2004 , researchers from Universiti Malaysia Sabah discovered a number of additional specimens while surveying the fishery resources of Sabah and Sarawak . The evolutionary relationships of the Borneo shark are uncertain . Jack Garrick , in his 1982 morphological study , did not place it close to any other member of the genus . Leonard Compagno in 1988 tentatively grouped it with the smalltail shark ( C. porosus ) , blackspot shark ( C. sealei ) , spottail shark ( C. sorrah ) , creek whaler ( C. fitzroyensis ) , whitecheek shark ( C. dussumieri ) , hardnose shark ( C. macloti ) , and Pondicherry shark ( C. hemiodon ) . The Borneo shark resembles the sharpnose sharks ( Rhizoprionodon ) in certain traits , for example the enlarged pores by its mouth . Nevertheless , other aspects of its morphology firmly place it within Carcharhinus . Description The Borneo shark is slim bodied , with a long , pointed snout and oblique , slit like nostrils preceded by narrow , nipple shaped flaps of skin . The eyes are rather large and circular , and equipped with nictitating membranes . The corners of the sizable mouth bear short , indistinct furrows , and immediately above are a series of enlarged pores that are unique within the genus . There are 25 26 upper and 23 25 lower tooth rows . The upper teeth have a single , narrow , oblique cusp with strongly serrated edges , and large cusplets on the trailing side . The lower teeth are similar , but tend to be more slender and finely serrated . The five pairs of gill slits are short . The pectoral fins are short , pointed , and falcate ( sickle shaped ) , while the pelvic fins are small and triangular with a nearly straight trailing margin . The first dorsal fin is fairly large and triangular , with a blunt apex sloping down to a sinuous trailing margin its origin lies over the free rear tips of the pectoral fins . The second dorsal fin is small and low , and originates over the middle of the anal fin base . There is no ridge between the dorsal fins . The caudal peduncle bears a deep , crescent shaped pit at the origin of the upper caudal fin lobe . The asymmetrical caudal fin has a well developed lower lobe and a longer , narrow upper lobe with a strong ventral notch near the tip . The dermal denticles are small and overlapping , each with three horizontal ridges leading to marginal teeth . This species is slate gray above , darkening towards the tips of the dorsal fins and upper caudal fin lobe some specimens have irregular rows of small , white blotches , which may be an artifact of handling . The underside is white , which extends onto the flanks as a vague pale band . There are faint , lighter edges on the pectoral , pelvic , and anal fin trailing margins . The largest known specimen measures 65 cm ( 26 in ) long . Distribution and habitat All recent specimens of the Borneo shark have been collected solely from fishery landing sites at Mukah in Sarawak , despite thorough surveys across the rest of Borneo ( including at the locality of the type specimen ) . Thus , its range may now be restricted to shallow , inshore waters in northwestern Borneo . Of the five earlier specimens , four came from Borneo and one from Zhoushan Island in China , hinting at a wider historical distribution . This species was also recorded from unk in the Philippines in 1895 , and Java in 1933 these records cannot be substantiated and there have been no subsequent sightings from these areas . Biology and ecology Bony fishes are probably the main food of the Borneo shark . It is viviparous like other requiem sharks , with the developing embryos provisioned by the mother through a placental connection formed from the depleted yolk sac . The litter size is six , and the pups are born at close to 24 28 cm ( 9 . 4 11 . 0 in ) long . From the available specimens , the length at sexual maturity can be surmised to be under 55 58 cm ( 22 23 in ) in males and under 61 65 cm ( 24 26 in ) in females . Human interactions The International Union for Conservation of Nature last assessed the Borneo shark as Endangered , based on 2005 data that do not include the recent specimens from Mukah . Previously , several fishery surveys within its supposed historical range had failed to find it . The Borneo shark 's conservation status remains precarious given its very small range in waters subjected to intensive artisanal and commercial fishing . It is caught by line gear and used for meat , though it has minimal commercial significance .
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3,708 | The 2002 West Bengal cyclone ( JTWC designation 04B , officially known as Severe Cyclonic Storm BOB 04 ) was a deadly tropical cyclone that affected India and Bangladesh in November 2002 . The sixth tropical cyclone and fourth cyclonic storm of the 2002 North Indian Ocean cyclone season , it developed in the Bay of Bengal northeast of Sri Lanka on November 10 , as a tropical depression . After tracking northeast , the system strengthened into a cyclonic storm on November 11 , as maximum sustained winds exceeded 65 km h ( 40 mph ) . On November 12 , it further intensified into a severe cyclonic storm . Later that day , the storm made landfall on Sagar Island in West Bengal with winds of 100 km h ( 65 mph ) . After moving inland , it rapidly weakened and dissipated over Bangladesh on November 12 . Rough seas offshore Odisha caused two fishing trawlers to collide , resulting in 18 fatalities , while two additional trawlers were reported missing . In West Bengal , the storm uprooted trees and dropped heavy rainfall . Throughout India , 124 deaths were confirmed . Strong winds and heavy rainfall in Bangladesh impacted many cities and villages , including the capital city of Dhaka , forcing thousands to evacuate . Ten wooden trawlers carrying 150 men sank offshore Bangladesh , with only 11 reaching safety . Eight additional boats with 60 occupants were reported missing . One death was reported in Bangladesh after a man attempted to cross a swollen river . Overall , there were 49 fatalities in Bangladesh . The storm was attributed to at least 173 fatalities in India , Bangladesh , and offshore areas . Meteorological history Around 0300 UTC on November 10 , a depression developed in the southwestern Bay of Bengal . Three hours later , a bulletin from the India Meteorological Department ( IMD ) indicated that BOB 04 formed about 265 km ( 165 mi ) east southeast of Chennai , India . The system steadily intensified and headed northeastward . At 1200 UTC on November 11 , the depression reached gale force and was upgraded to Cyclonic Storm BOB 04 . At that time , the Joint Typhoon Warning Center ( JTWC ) initiated warnings on Tropical Cyclone 03B . Further strengthening briefly slowed later on November 11 . However , early on the following day , the storm resumed intensification . At 0600 UTC on November 12 , BOB 04 became a severe cyclonic storm and reached its maximum sustained wind speed of 100 km h ( 65 mph ) , in addition to an estimated minimum barometric pressure of 984 mbar ( 29 . 1 inHg ) . However , the Regional Meteorological Centre ( RMC ) in Kolkata , India bulletin at 0530 UTC on November 12 , reported maximum sustained winds of only 55 75 km h ( 35 45 mph ) . At 0900 UTC on November 12 , it made landfall near Sagar Island , West Bengal with winds of 100 km h ( 65 mph ) . Shortly after moving inland , the storm rapidly weakened to a depression . The JTWC issued their final advisory on the storm at 1200 UTC on November 12 , while it was centered about 200 km ( 125 mi ) northeast of Kolkata . However , the IMD tracked the cyclone until about six hours later , at which time it dissipated over eastern India . Impact As the storm approached , residents of low lying areas were advised to seek shelter . According to the Odisha State Disaster Management Authority , the communication system had been activated and collectors in coastal districts were given satellite telephones . Additionally , district authorities collected food , water , and other essential emergency supplies . Offshore Odisha , rough seas caused two trawlers to collide , resulting in 18 fatalities their bodies were later found floating unk Port in the unk district of Odisha . Two additional trawlers were reported missing . Nine fishing trawlers sank offshore West Bengal , with only 66 fishermen accounted for . Initially , as many as 600 were estimated to have been missing , though 250 people swam back to unk , where most of them received treatment at either a medical clinic or a hospital . According to the Chief Minister of West Bengal , 111 people were still missing offshore West Bengal by late on November 12 . Forty nine fatalities were confirmed offshore India , while two deaths occurred inland in West Bengal . Later , the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters raised the death toll to 124 . Prime Minister of Bangladesh Khaleda Zia urged senior officials in Dhaka and coastal districts to prepare for the storm . Officials in Chittagong asked that all 24 ships be moved out of the harbor and river channel . In coastal areas , thousands of Red Crescent volunteers reported for duty in order to assist vulnerable villages in preparation of the storm . Winds destroyed bamboo huts , uprooted trees , and disrupted road transport between towns and villages on the shore of the Bay of Bengal . Torrential rainfall in the area flooded dozens of villages , forcing thousands to evacuate . Heavy precipitation also lashed the capital city of Dhaka , inundating streets , which caused a shutdown of electricity and interrupting public transportation . One death was reported after a man drowned while attempting to cross a river in southern Bhola Island . Ten wooden trawlers carrying 150 men sank near Cox 's Bazar only 11 of them were known to have survived . An additional eight fishing boats transporting 60 people was reported missing off of Barisal Division . By November 15 , 47 fishing vessels were still unaccounted for . A navy motor boat also sunk near unk , though its six crew members swam ashore . In the aftermath of the storm , the number of deaths in Bangladesh rose to 49 . Overall , the storm resulted in 173 confirmed fatalities . Officials in West Bengal accused the meteorological offices of issuing warnings too late , as most of the fishermen were already in deep sea areas . Immediately following the storm , the Indian Red Cross Society and the Participating National Societies began to assess the situation and plan . At a warehouse in Salt Lake City , Kolkata , the Indian Red Cross Society prepared to distribute 2 , 000 tarpaulins , 2 , 000 blankets , 200 kitchen sets , and 20 , 000 mosquito nets .
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3,709 | The Regina Margherita class was a class of two battleships built for the Italian Regia Marina between 1898 and 1905 . The class comprised two ships Regina Margherita and Benedetto Brin . The ships were designed by the latter 's namesake , Benedetto Brin , who died before the ships were completed . They were armed with a main battery of four 12 in ( 305 mm ) guns and could steam at a speed of 20 knots ( 37 km h 23 mph ) . Both ships saw extensive service with the Italian fleet for the first decade of their careers . They saw action in the Italo Turkish War of 1911 1912 , where they participated in the seizure of Cyrenaica in North Africa and operations in the eastern Mediterranean Sea . They were reduced to training ships by World War I , and both ships were lost with heavy death tolls during the conflict . Benedetto Brin exploded in Brindisi in September 1915 , and Regina Margherita struck a mine and sank in December 1916 . Design After the negative experience with the preceding Ammiraglio di Saint Bon class , which were too weak to engage foreign battleships , and too slow to catch cruisers , the Italian navy wanted a new battleship that returned to a larger , more effective size . In particular , they wanted to be able to challenge the new Habsburg class battleships being built in neighboring Austria Hungary . They returned to the 12 inch ( 305 mm ) gun that was standard in most other navies of the day , but sacrificed armor protection to achieve high speed . As such , the ships represented a hybrid type that merged the firepower of the slow battleships and the speed of a cruiser . Benedetto Brin initially wanted to arm the ships with only two of the 12 inch guns and twelve 8 in ( 203 mm ) guns , but after his death , Admiral Ruggero Alfredo Micheli altered the design to double the number of 12 inch guns , at the expense of eight of the medium caliber pieces . General characteristics and machinery The Regina Margherita class ships were 130 meters ( 430 ft ) long at the waterline and 138 . 65 m ( 454 . 9 ft ) long overall . They had a beam of 23 . 84 m ( 78 . 2 ft ) Regina Margherita had a draft of 8 . 81 m ( 28 . 9 ft ) , while Benedetto Brin drew slightly more , at 9 m ( 30 ft ) . They displaced 13 , 215 metric tons ( 13 , 006 long tons 14 , 567 short tons ) at normal loading and at full combat load , Regina Margherita displaced 14 , 093 t ( 13 , 870 long tons 15 , 535 short tons ) while Benedetto Brin , slightly heavier , displaced 14 , 737 t ( 14 , 504 long tons 16 , 245 short tons ) . Their hulls were equipped with a double bottom . The ships were built with a ram bow and had a raised forecastle deck . They had two masts , both with fighting tops the foremast was located directly behind the conning tower and bridge . The ships had a crew of 812 900 officers and enlisted men . The ships ' propulsion system consisted of two triple expansion engines . Steam for the engines was provided by twenty eight coal fired water tube Niclausse boilers in Regina Margherita . Benedetto Brin meanwhile was equipped with the same number of Belleville boilers . The lead ship 's engines were rated at 21 , 790 indicated horsepower ( 16 , 250 kW ) , while Benedetto Brin 's were slightly less efficient , at 20 , 475 ihp ( 15 , 268 kW ) . The two ships had a top speed of 20 kn ( 37 km h 23 mph ) and a range of approximately 10 , 000 nautical miles ( 19 , 000 km 12 , 000 mi ) at 10 kn ( 19 km h 12 mph ) . Armament and armor The ships were armed with four 12 in ( 305 mm ) 40 caliber guns placed in two twin gun turrets , one forward and one aft . They were also equipped with four 8 in ( 203 mm ) 40 cal. guns in casemates in the superstructure , and twelve 6 in ( 152 mm ) 40 cal. guns , also in casemates in the side of the hull . Close range defense against torpedo boats was provided by a battery of twenty 3 in ( 76 mm ) 40 cal. guns . The ships also carried a pair of 47 mm ( 1 . 9 in ) guns , two 37 mm ( 1 . 5 in ) guns , and two 10 mm ( 0 . 39 in ) Maxim guns . The Regina Margherita class battleships were also equipped with four 17 . 7 in ( 450 mm ) torpedo tubes placed in the hull below the waterline . The ships of the Regina Margherita class were protected with Harvey steel manufactured in Terni . The main belt was 6 in ( 152 mm ) thick , and the deck was 3 . 1 in ( 79 mm ) thick . The conning tower and the casemate guns were also protected by 6 in of armor plating . The main battery guns had stronger armor protection , at 8 in ( 203 mm ) thick . Coal was used extensively in the protection scheme , including a layer intended to protect the ships ' internals from underwater damage . Ships of the class Service history Both Regina Margherita and Benedetto Brin served in the active duty squadron for the first few years of their careers , and participated in the peacetime routine of fleet training . Regina Margherita frequently served as the fleet flagship before the completion of the new Regina Elena class battleships . On 29 September 1911 , Italy declared war on the Ottoman Empire , starting the Italo Turkish War . The two ships saw action during the war in the 3rd Division in the 2nd Squadron . Benedetto Brin took part in the attack on Tripoli in October 1911 , and both were involved in the campaign to seize Rhodes in the eastern Mediterranean Sea . Italy initially remained neutral during World War I , but by 1915 , had been convinced by the Triple Entente to enter the war against Germany and Austria Hungary . Both the Italians and Austro Hungarians adopted a cautious fleet policy in the confined waters of the Adriatic Sea , and so the two Regina Margherita class battleships did not see action . Benedetto Brin served as a training ship based in Brindisi until she was destroyed in an internal explosion in the harbor on 27 September 1915 with heavy loss of life 454 men of the ship 's crew died in the explosion . Regina Margherita , also serving as a training ship , served for somewhat longer , until she struck a mine laid by the German submarine SM UC 14 on the night of 11 12 December 1916 . Some 675 men were killed in the sinking .
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3,710 | The Battle of Evesham ( 4 August 1265 ) was one of the two main battles of 13th century England 's Second Barons ' War . It marked the defeat of Simon de Montfort , Earl of Leicester , and the rebellious barons by Prince Edward later King Edward I who led the forces of his father , King Henry III . It took place on 4 August 1265 , near the town of Evesham , Worcestershire . With the Battle of Lewes Montfort had won control of royal government , but after the defection of several close allies and the escape from captivity of Prince Edward , he found himself on the defensive . Forced to engage the royalists at Evesham , he faced an army twice the size of his own . The battle soon turned into a massacre Montfort himself was killed and his body mutilated . Though the battle effectively restored royal authority , scattered resistance remained until the Dictum of Kenilworth was signed in 1267 . Background Simon de Montfort , 6th Earl of Leicester , had gained a dominant position in the government of the Kingdom of England after his victory at the Battle of Lewes a year earlier . He also held the King , Prince Edward , and the King 's brother Richard of Cornwall in his custody . However , his sphere of influence rapidly began to deteriorate due to loss of key allies . In February , Robert de Ferrers , Earl of Derby was arrested and imprisoned in the Tower . An even more important collaborator , Gilbert de Clare , the Earl of Gloucester , deserted to the side of the King in May of the same year . With Gloucester 's assistance , Prince Edward escaped from Montfort 's captivity . With the Lords of the Welsh Marches now in rebellion , Montfort solicited the aid of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd , the Prince of Wales . Llywelyn agreed to help , in return for full recognition of his title , and the promise that he could keep all military gains . Whatever benefits this alliance might have brought Montfort , the great concessions cost him popularity at home . Meanwhile , Edward laid siege to the town of Gloucester , which fell on 29 June . Montfort 's goal now became to unite with the forces of his son Simon , and engage with the royal army , but the younger Simon moved much too slowly westwards from London . Eventually Simon made it to the baronial stronghold of Kenilworth , but Edward managed to inflict great losses on the enemy , many of whom were quartered outside the castle walls . From there the Prince moved south , where on 4 August , using many banners captured at Kenilworth to deceive Monfort into thinking his reinforcements were arriving , he managed to trap the older Montfort in a loop of the Avon , blocking off the only bridge and thereby forcing Montfort to fight without his son 's reinforcements . When Montfort realized this , he allegedly commented May the Lord have mercy upon our souls , as our bodies are theirs . Battle Heeding a lesson learned at the Battle of Lewes , the royals took position on the high ground . Along a ridge called Green Hill , just north of Evesham , Edward set up his forces on the left , with Gloucester commanding the right . At about eight in the morning , Montfort left the town of Evesham as a great thunderstorm began to rage . At Lewes , the baronial forces had gained confidence to win the day by a sense of divine destiny , reinforced by white crosses on their uniforms . This time the royal army had taken their lead , and wore a red cross as their distinguishing mark . According to the chronicler William unk , when Montfort saw the advance of the royal troops , he exclaimed that They have not learned that for themselves , but were taught it by me . The respective forces of the royal and baronial armies have been estimated to be 10 , 000 and 5 , 000 strong . Montfort , facing such unfavourable numbers , decided to concentrate his forces on the centre of the enemy s front , hoping to drive a wedge through the line . Though the tactics were initially successful , the baronial forces soon lost the initiative , especially as the Welsh infantry provided by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd had proved unreliable , and deserted at an early point . The flanks of the royal army closed in on Montfort 's , surrounding them . With Montfort confronted by a force twice the size of his own , on unfavourable ground , the battle rapidly turned into a massacre . With their defeat at Lewes still fresh in memory , the royalists fought with a strong sense of bitterness and resentment . As a result , and despite attempts to surrender , most of the baronial rebels were killed on the battlefield rather than taken prisoner and ransomed , as was the common custom and practice . In what has been referred to as an episode of noble bloodletting unprecedented since the Conquest , Montfort 's son Henry was killed first , then Simon himself lost his horse and died fighting . His body was mutilated his head , hands , feet and testicles cut off . King Henry himself , who had been in the custody of Montfort and dressed up in his colours , was barely rescued from the mle by Roger de Leybourne , a converted rebel . Aftermath The royals were eager to settle scores after Montfort s defeat . At the Parliament at Winchester in September the same year , all those who had taken part in the rebellion were disinherited . Yet even though the uprising of the younger Simon Montfort in Lincolnshire was over by Christmas , scattered resistance remained . The main problem was the garrison encamped at the virtually impregnable Kenilworth Castle , and a siege started in the summer of 1266 seemed futile . By the end of October , the royals drew up the so called Dictum of Kenilworth , whereby rebels were allowed to buy back their land at prices dependent on their level of involvement in the rebellion . The defenders of the castle turned down the offer at first , but by the end of the year conditions had become intolerable , and in 1267 the Dictum was agreed upon . As far as wide scale confrontations went , the Battle of Evesham and its aftermath marked the end of baronial opposition in the reign of Henry III . The kingdom now entered into a period of unity and progress that lasted until the early 1290s .
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3,711 | Hot to the Touch is the first episode of the fourth season of the American animated television series Adventure Time . The episode was written and storyboarded by Cole Sanchez and Rebecca Sugar , from a story by Patrick McHale , Kent Osborne , and Pendleton Ward . It originally aired on Cartoon Network on April 2 , 2012 . The episode serves as a direct continuation of the third season episode Incendium . The series follows the adventures of Finn ( voiced by Jeremy Shada ) , a human boy , and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake ( voiced by John DiMaggio ) , a dog with magical powers to change shape and grow and shrink at will . In this episode , Finn develops a crush on Flame Princess ( voiced by Jessica DiCicco ) and tries to get to know her , which proves difficult due to her destructive and uncontrollable power . The episode was the first to be storyboarded by Sanchez and Sugar Sugar 's previous storyboard partner , Adam Muto , helped clean up the episode 's drawings . Sugar wrote a short rap for the episode , rapped by Andy Milonakis . Originally , Sugar wanted Milonakis to write his own , but he felt the song was of quality and he wanted to rap Sugar 's version . Hot to the Touch was seen by 2 . 655 million viewers and marked a significant increase in ratings for the series . It received largely positive critical reviews , with reviewers from both The A.V. Club and Slate applauding the episode 's emotional range . Plot Finn pursues Flame Princess ( voiced by Jessica DiCicco ) , trying to explain to her that he does not want to hurt her . However , Flame Princess , confused by Finn 's aversion to fire , assumes that he merely wants to taunt her . She ventures to the Goblin Kingdom , intent on turning it into her new domain . Finn and Jake , meanwhile , return to the tree fort and , with the help of N.E.P.T.R. ( voiced by Andy Milonakis ) , build flame retardant battle robots . The two heroes descend on the Goblin Kingdom , and begin putting out the fire this , in turn , hurts Flame Princess , both emotionally and physically , judging from her shedding of a single tear . Finn , horrified at the pain he has caused the object of his affections , exits his robot and calls for Flame Princess 's attention , before crying . The tears alert Flame Princess that Finn is a water elemental , and that the two will only hurt each other , due to the opposition of their natural states . Production Hot to the Touch was written and storyboarded by Cole Sanchez and Rebecca Sugar , from a story developed by series creator Pendleton Ward , Patrick McHale , and Kent Osborne . This was the first episode that Sugar and Sanchez worked on together Sugar 's previous partner Adam Muto served as the episode 's creative director , and also helped clean up the episode 's storyboards . Sugar was excited to get a chance to show how Flame Princess interacted in the Land of Ooo , because in Incendium , she was only shown inside of her lantern . The line about Finn wanting to play BMO with Flame Princess was based on Sanchez 's experiences with his high school girlfriend he reasoned that , since Finn was younger , his ultimate idea of love would be to sit next to his love interest and play video games . The episode features Andy Milonakis reprising his role as N.E.P.T.R. , a character that was last seen in the first season episode What is Life The short rap Working for the Master that is sung by N.E.P.T.R. was written by Sugar . She had originally planned for her demo version to merely be a filler track , as she expected Milonakis to want to write his own rap . To her surprise , however , Milonakis enjoyed her version and wanted to perform it the way it was written . Sugar 's father , Rob , later released her demo version on his YouTube channel . Series composer Tim Kiefer produced the song 's instrumental . Inspired by Wu Tang Clan 's penchant for sampling , Kieffer took his music from the season one episode What is Life and edited it substantially , creating the clattery unk ' beat featured in the episode . Reception Hot to the Touch aired on Cartoon Network on April 2 , 2012 . The episode was seen by 2 . 655 million viewers . The episode also ranked as the number one telecast for all children demographics , according to Nielsen ratings . It also marked a 96 percent increase in ratings , when the numbers for Hot to the Touch were compared to the ratings for the same time period in 2011 . The episode first saw physical release as part of the 2014 DVD , Princess Day , which included 16 episodes from the series ' second through sixth seasons . It was later re released as part of the complete fourth season DVD in October 2014 . Oliver Sava of The A.V. Club gave the episode a largely positive review , noting that in the episode s 10 minutes , the writers create an apt metaphor for pubescent dating , as Finn and FP struggle to make a relationship work . He noted the symbolism inherent in making Flame Princess a fire elemental , writing that fire is the perfect element for a hormonal teenage princess , and FP can t control her emotions , burning everything in her path as she reacts to Finn s advances . Sava also complimented the return of N.E.P.T.R. , as well as his short rap , which Sava called a perfect little musical interlude at the midway point of the episode . Mike unk of Slate magazine , in a review of the fourth season , wrote that it 's frequently astonishing to observe the confidence and wide ranging appeal with which Adventure Time unswervingly depicts the many stages of infatuation . The reviewer highlighted Hot to the Touch as an example of such an example , noting that Flame Princess represents an uncomplicated yet vastly pertinent metaphor for the hypothesis that the closer you cherish someone , the likelier they are to singe your soft exterior and the easier it is for them to affectionately melt your exposed heart . Marc Snetiker of Entertainment Weekly awarded the episode a B , noting that the season four premiere of this inspired ' toon about a boy and his precocious dog is as colorful , clever , and unpredictably funny as ever .
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3,712 | Henry Harry Fox ( 30 September 1856 on or after 30 August 1888 ) was an English businessman , sportsman , and adventurer . He played cricket and rugby for his county , and began climbing mountains in the mid 1880s . He was part of the Fox family of Wellington , Somerset , and was a partner in the family business , Fox Brothers , a prominent textile manufacturer . Fox played and financed cricket and rugby in Somerset he played cricket for Somerset County Cricket Club from 1877 to 1882 , and remained as a vice president of the club until his death . He founded Wellington Rugby Football Club in 1874 , and was an administrator and captain of the Somerset Rugby Football Union . After retiring as a rugby player , he continued to take part as an umpire . In 1884 he started mountaineering , and within two years he was well known in the mountain climbing community , and a well regarded alpine explorer . In 1888 , he and William Frederick Donkin travelled to the Caucasus Mountains in the Russian Empire in a bid to be the first ones to climb unk Tau . The pair , along with their Swiss guides , died in an accident during the expedition . Early life and sporting exploits Henry Fox was born on 30 September 1856 as the second son of unk Crewdson and Mary Augusta . He was educated at Sherborne School . His family owned Fox Brothers , of which he became a partner . In 1874 , he founded Wellington Rugby Football Club . Three years later , he became the honorary secretary , treasurer and captain of the Somerset county rugby football team upon its formation . He was captain in both 1877 and 1878 , playing as a three quarter back , and remained secretary and treasurer until 1882 . After retiring from the game , he continued as an umpire . Fox appeared in his final match in 1887 , officiating the game between Somerset and Yorkshire . As well as rugby , Fox also played cricket for his county , first appearing for Somerset County Cricket Club in 1877 during a match against Wiltshire . He tended to play as a lower order batsmen for the county . His highest score in county cricket was 42 runs , made against Kent in 1881 , prior to Somerset 's elevation to first class status . In June 1882 , he was part of the Somerset team that competed in first class cricket for the first time , losing by an innings and 157 runs to Lancashire Fox scored no runs in either innings , and did not bowl . He made two further first class appearances that season , and did not appear for Somerset again , due to business engagements . In all , he scored sixteen runs in first class matches for Somerset at an average of 2 . 66 . After retiring as a player , Fox continued to provide financial support to the cricket club , and remained a vice president until his death . Fox was also a keen mountaineer having started mountain climbing in 1884 , he joined the Alpine Club the following year . He received training initially from William Woodman Graham and then William Cecil Slingsby . According to an article in The Times , he was well regarded by his peers as a climber of great skill and daring . He was a very experienced alpine climber , and often climbed without guides , ascending Aiguille du Dru , unk , Ober unk amongst others in this fashion . With guides , he climbed some of the toughest mountains in the Alps , such as the Matterhorn and the Eiger . Death in the Caucasus Mountains Fox left Wellington in late July 1888 for the Caucasus Mountains in the Russian Empire , joining up with William Frederick Donkin and Clinton Dent . The three were aiming to become the first climbers to scale unk Tau , one of the few mountains in the region yet to be scaled . The three started from unk , though Dent was forced to return home due to ill health , leaving Fox and Donkin to attempt the climb , along with two Swiss guides . Their initial plan was to climb a glacier on the northern slopes of the mountain , and then make their final ascent on the western side . However , a rock wall on the western slopes prevented this , and they changed their plans to attack the mountain from the east . They planned to meet up with their outfitter to the south east of the mountain , but after they missed that meeting , a message was sent back to Dent reporting the climbers missing . The Times reported on 6 October that Donkin and Fox , along with their guides , had suffered a mountaineering accident that had led to the almost certain loss of four lives . Multiple searches were carried out , including one on the direct order of Tsar Alexander III , but no evidence was found . The Russians did recover items from the climbers ' base camp , including Fox 's diary . Russian authorities , possibly for political reasons , claimed that the climbing party may have probably strayed into unk , Georgia , and may have been murdered by the local population , who had rebelled against the Russians not long before . In 1889 , Dent and Douglas unk led an expedition to search the area . Although they were unable to find any remains , they did discover a bivouac at around 14 , 000 feet ( 4 , 300 m ) on the unk unk pass between two glaciers . They recovered a number of personal items from the camp , but found that light climbing gear rope , ice axes and a camera were missing . The search party concluded that Donkin and Fox had continued their climb , intending to return to the bivouac , but had fallen while navigating a narrow ridge higher up the mountain . Such a fall would have been thousands of feet , and the winter snow would have covered the climbers ' bodies . So despite conducting a search of the valley floor , no bodies were recovered . For the purposes of his will , Fox 's death was recorded as being on or since the 30th August , 1888 , at some place unknown . The value of his personal estate was just over 7 , 639 . As he was not married and had no children , his estate was shared between his eldest brother , Charles unk , and his four sisters , Sarah , Anna , Alice and Louisa . A cricket pavilion was erected in his memory at Wellington Cricket Club in Somerset , and a mountain in the Dawson Range in Canada was named Mount Fox in his honour .
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3,713 | Mark William Stockwell ( born 5 July 1963 ) is an Australian former competition swimmer and three time Olympic medallist . Stockwell is a Queensland native who specialised in freestyle sprint events , and had a successful international swimming career during the mid 1980s , including the Olympics , Pan Pacific Championships , and Commonwealth Games . Following his retirement from competitive swimming , he has become a successful business executive and has been active in the administration of national sports organisations in Australia . Early years and education Stockwell was born and raised in Brisbane , Queensland , the son of Bill and unk Stockwell . He is a 1980 graduate of St Laurence 's College , a Roman Catholic boys ' high school in Brisbane . Stockwell was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder from 1982 to 1984 , and again in 1987 . He undertook commerce and engineering studies at the University of Queensland , and economics coursework at the Australian National University . He also attended the University of Florida in the United States . Swimming career Stockwell won three medals at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles . In the men 's 100 metre freestyle , Stockwell finished in 50 . 24 seconds and claimed a silver medal behind American swimmer Rowdy Gaines ' Olympic record time of 49 . 80 seconds . The outcome was controversial , however , because of a premature starter gun and a quick start by Gaines . Gaines ' coach , Richard Quick , knew of starter Frank Silvestri 's tendency to fire the starter gun almost immediately when the competitors mounted the blocks . Gaines gained about a metre 's head start on the competition he held Stockwell off to claim the gold medal . Video of the event confirmed that Stockwell had not been set when the starter pulled the trigger . Stockwell and the Australian Olympic Federation lodged an official protest , but it was denied . Stockwell , along with teammates Greg Fasala , Neil Brooks and Michael Delany , won another silver medal in the men 's 4 100 metre freestyle relay , finishing in 3 19 . 68 just 0 . 63 of a second behind the Americans ' new world record of 3 19 . 05 . He also teamed up with Mark Kerry ( backstroke ) , Peter Evans ( breaststroke ) , and Glenn Buchanan ( butterfly ) , swimming the freestyle anchor leg to win the bronze medal in the 4 100 metre medley relay ( 3 43 . 25 ) behind the Americans ( 3 39 . 30 ) and Canadians ( 3 43 . 25 ) . He and his freestyle relay teammates were dubbed the Mean Machine by the Australian media . Stockwell was the only Australian athlete to win three Olympic medals in 1984 . After the Olympics , Stockwell attended the University of Florida in Gainesville , Florida , United States , where he swam for coach Randy Reese 's Florida Gators swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) competition during the 1984 85 school year . He won three SEC titles ( 50 and 100 yard freestyle , 400 yard freestyle relay ) , and received All American honours in the same three events . While attending the university , he dated his future wife , Tracy Caulkins , who was also a Florida Gators swimmer . He and Caulkins had met in the warm up pool at the 1984 Olympics . He followed his Olympic performance with a bronze medal for his third place finish in the 50 metre freestyle ( 23 . 44 ) , and a fourth in the 100 metre freestyle ( 51 . 64 ) at the 1985 Pan Pacific Championships in Tokyo . By the time the 1986 Commonwealth Games were held in Edinburgh , Stockwell had fallen back from his Olympic times in Los Angeles . He claimed a gold medal with his Australian teammates Fasala , Matthew Renshaw and Neil Brooks in the 4 100 metre relay ( 3 21 . 58 ) , and finished seventh in the 100 metre freestyle ( 51 . 61 ) . He retired from competitive swimming in 1986 . In December 1989 , The Age newspaper recognized Stockwell as one of the three best Australian swimmers of the 1980s . Life after swimming Stockwell married American competition swimmer Tracy Caulkins , a three time Olympic gold medallist , in her hometown of Nashville , Tennessee in 1991 . He lives in Brisbane , with his wife and their five children . He received an Australian Sports Medal for his swimming achievements in 2000 . Stockwell was inducted into the Queensland Sport Hall of Fame in 2009 . He is the managing director of the family owned property development , investment and management firm , W. A. Stockwell Pty Ltd , based in Queensland . He and his brother in law Mike Kelso are co owners of the company that was established as a construction firm by his parents more than sixty years ago . The firm has had successful development ventures in residential , leisure , retail , commercial and industrial property , and has undertaken a phased AU 350 million residential development in Brisbane 's West End . He and his family members were included among the 14 new entries on the 2014 Rich List , with a combined estimated net worth of AU 101 million . He serves on the board of directors of the Australian Sports Commission , and is the deputy chairman of the board . He is also the chairman of the Australian Sports Foundation , a non profit company that raises money for Australian sport projects . He previously served as the chairman of the Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games Organising Committee , having led the committee through its successful application process , but was sacked by Campbell Newman . He is the chairman of Trade and Investment Queensland , the Queensland state government 's foreign investment and export program , and a past president of the Queensland division of the Property Council of Australia , and previously served on its national board . Stockwell is the past chairman and a trustee of the St Laurence 's Old Boys ' Foundation , which funds need based scholarships for boys whose families cannot otherwise afford the tuition and fees at his high school , St Laurence 's College . He is a Trustee of the Stockwell Foundation , a charitable organisation established by him and his wife to benefit at risk children .
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3,714 | ' Broken World is the twentieth episode of the first season of the American crime thriller television series Millennium . It premiered on the Fox network on May 2 , 1997 . The episode was written by Robert Moresco and Patrick Harbinson , and directed by Winrich Kolbe . Broken World featured guest appearances by Ingrid unk , Donnelly Rhodes and Jo Anderson . Millennium Group consultant Frank Black ( Lance Henriksen ) travels to North Dakota to track down a burgeoning serial killer who has progressed from mauling horses to attacking and killing people . Broken World featured the last directorial effort for the series by Kolbe , and the last script written by Moresco however , Harbinson would return to write further episodes in later seasons . The episode has been compared to Peter Shaffer 's 1973 play Equus , and received a Genesis Award from the Humane Society of the United States in 1998 . Plot In Bowman , North Dakota , a stable hand named Sally Dumont ( Ingrid unk ) is attacked and left unconscious after she finds a horse has been murdered in its stall . Private investigation organization the Millennium Group send offender profiler Frank Black ( Lance Henriksen ) to investigate , as twenty one horses have been killed in the same manner over the past two years in the area . Black believes the culprit is in the early stages of developing into a sexually motivated serial killer . Investigating the stables , the word help is found written in human blood , while semen is found near where the horse was killed . Black concludes the killer is struggling with the new feelings of having attacked a person and not an animal . The killer Willi Borgsen ( Van Quattro ) is next seen attacking pigs in a trailer using a cattle prod . Borgsen is accosted by the pigs ' owner , and responds by turning the cattle prod on him . The victim 's body is later found in a nearby thicket . Black examines the scene , determining from the unk and evidence of the cattle prod being used that the killer works in a slaughterhouse . Another human victim is later found on a farm , alongside another dead horse . The phrase thank you is daubed on a nearby wall . The North Dakota police set up an anonymous phone number to appeal for information , which Borgsen uses to taunt Black by describing the pleasure he derives from killing . Black consults with a veterinarian , Claudia Vaughan ( Jo Anderson ) , about the case , and learns that the area is home to a unk farm estrogen for pharmaceutical use is derived from the urine of mares which are kept pregnant , their foals killed for meat to be exported . Black feels the killer may have been raised on one of these farms . Borgsen contacts Black again , confessing that his latest killing has not satisfied him . Black warns that his urges will only grow , and will never be satisfied again . When Borgsen hangs up , Black deduces that Vaughan is to be the next victim . Black , fellow Group member Peter Watts ( Terry O 'Quinn ) and Sheriff Falkner ( John Dennis Johnston ) track the kidnapped Vaughan to an equine slaughterhouse . Falkner is attacked and incapacitated by Borgsen as Black locates a still living Vaughan , who has been hung by her jacket from a meat hook . Black is then confronted by Borgsen , who knocks him down with the cattle prod . Borgsen is about to kill Black with a captive bolt pistol , but is trampled to death by several escaped horses . Production Broken World was written by Robert Moresco and Patrick Harbinson . Moresco had previously written Covenant earlier in the first season , and also acted as a producer during the series ' run . Harbinson , making his first contribution to the series with this episode , would later pen a further four episodes in the third season Via Dolorosa , Darwin 's Eye , The Sound of Snow and Through a Glass Darkly . Broken World also marked the final episode of Millennium helmed by director Winrich Kolbe , who had previously worked on Lamentation , Force Majeure and Kingdom Come . During production , Broken World was instead set to be titled Equus , which is Latin for horse and was also the title of a 1973 play by Peter Shaffer concerning a young man with violent sexual urges towards horses . The episode opens with a quote from Friedrich Nietzsche 's 1883 1885 treatise Thus Spoke Zarathustra Man is the cruelest animal . Guest star Donnelly Rhodes , who portrayed Peter Dumont , would later make an appearance in the third season episode ... Thirteen Years Later in an unrelated role . Broadcast and reception Broken World was first broadcast on the Fox Network on May 2 , 1997 . The episode earned a Nielsen rating of 6 . 8 during its original broadcast , meaning that 6 . 8 percent of households in the United States viewed the episode . This represented 6 . 6 million households , and left the episode the sixty eighth most viewed broadcast that week . The episode received mixed reviews from critics . The A.V. Club 's Todd VanDerWerff rated the episode a C , comparing it to the first act of Shaffer 's Equus . VanDerWerff described the episode as a bland , boring mess that ends with one of the most ridiculous deux ex unk sic I ve seen in ages , and felt that the guest cast is uniformly poor , singling out Van Quattro as being laughably bad . Bill Gibron , writing for DVD Talk , rated the episode 3 out of 5 , calling it enthralling but not completely successful . Gibron felt that elements of the setting were very sinister , but found the overwhelming pro horse mantras of some characters to be silly . Robert Shearman and Lars Pearson , in their book Wanting to Believe A Critical Guide to The X Files , Millennium The Lone Gunmen , rated Broken World three stars out of five , finding it too familiar and too tentative to make much impact . Shearman felt that the episode would have been better placed earlier in the series ' broadcast order , but by this stage in the first season it had been outgrown . Broken World received a Genesis Award in 1998 , presented by the Humane Society of the United States in the category Television Dramatic Series .
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3,715 | Teddy Air AS was a regional airline , based at Skien Airport , Geiteryggen , in Norway . Operating between 1989 and 2004 , the company operated Britten Norman Islander , Embraer 110 and Saab 340 aircraft . The company started by providing a scheduled service between Skien and Oslo in 1990 , followed by services to Stavanger in 1993 and Bergen in 1994 . In 1996 , it won a contract with the Ministry of Transport from Oslo to Fagernes . It was involved in intense competition with other regional airlines , notably Coast Air and Guard Air , following the deregulation of the aviation market . It also had a single international service to Gothenburg , and from 1999 it served Stord Airport , Srstokken . From 1999 , the company was transformed to a virtual airline , which wet leased aircraft from Golden Air . The company ceased operations in 2004 . History Establishment In April 1988 , Norwegian regional airline Norving terminated all scheduled services in Southern Norway . As a consequence , airports such as Skien Airport , Geiteryggen , were left without an airline and services to the capital , Oslo . Teddy Air was subsequently established as a Skien based company to provide an air route between Skien and Oslo Airport , Fornebu . Founded by Harald Srensen in 1989 , the largest owners were Skien Business Development Fund and Telemark Business Development Fund . It would provide four round trips with a Britten Norman Islander . The company stated that it needed 8 , 000 passengers annually to cover costs , with the ticket price set at about 500 Norwegian krone ( NOK ) . The fiercest competition would come from the Vestfold Line of the Norwegian State Railways , where a train from Skien to Oslo ran each hour . The three hour train trip cost NOK 167 , compared to the 25 minute flight . Concession was granted by the Ministry of Transport and Communications in August 1989 , but the airline did not commence operations until 18 July 1990 . In Grenland , the metropolitan area surrounding Skien , there was a lot of opposition to the airline , and several local businesspeople claimed that it would be better if Norsk Air was awarded the contract , or Skien Airport was closed and locals instead used the nearby Sandefjord Airport , Torp . Norsk Air stated that it would not be possible for them to make money on the Skien Oslo route despite that , it operated from Skien to Bergen Airport , Flesland and Stavanger Airport , Sola . In 1993 , Norsk Air announced that it would no longer fly from Skien , and would focus all their operations at Sandefjord . Teddy Air subsequently took over the Stavanger route , while the Bergen route was granted to Air Stord , despite Teddy Air having applied for the concession . In 1994 , the company had a revenue of NOK 7 . 5 million , and a NOK 1 million profit . Expansion Following the deregulation of the airline market in 1994 , which allowed any European Economic Area airline to operate any route they wished , Teddy Air tried to start services at Moss Airport , Rygge . Since it at the time was the military only Rygge Air Station , with no passenger facilities , the airline was not successful in receiving permission . However , it did choose to start competing with Air Stord on the Skien Bergen route , starting 8 May 1995 . Using its Embraer 110 aircraft , it launched tickets for under NOK 1000 , compared with the NOK 1290 price offered by Air Stord . The latter had aircraft half the size , but offered 31 flights per week , compared to the 16 offered by Teddy Air . In addition , Coast Air launched two weekly round trips . The routes were mainly used by commuters working on offshore oil platforms in the North Sea . By 1995 , 60 percent of the airline had been bought by Hermann unk . In 1996 , the company won the first public service obligation tender that was issued by the Ministry of Transport and Communications . Starting 1 August , Teddy Air started serving Fagernes Airport , Leirin , with routes to Oslo and Bergen . The contract gave a subsidy of NOK 23 . 7 million for three years , and was 15 percent lower than what Coast Air had been receiving . On 20 May 1997 , Teddy Air started its first international route , from Stavanger to Gothenburg in Sweden . After the 1998 opening of Oslo Airport , Gardermoen , which is located 50 kilometers ( 31 mi ) north of Oslo , both Teddy Air and Guard Air announced they would start routes to the new airport . Both established six daily round trips Teddy Air using an Embraer 110 and Guard Air using a Dornier 228 . The new airport would make driving to the Oslo Airport about an hour longer from Grenland , and both airlines hoped to create a feeder service . Teddy Air withdrew from the route after one month , after having lost more than NOK 1 million . In February 1999 , Air Stord filed for bankruptcy . On 21 February , Teddy Air launched a route between Stord Airport , Srstokken , and Oslo , using Saab 340 aircraft . This allowed four daily round trips during the week , and two on Sundays . Other airlines saw the route as attractive , and Coast Air launched eight daily round trips between the two airports . Teddy Air was soon forced to withdraw from the route , after it was unable to make any profits from it . The Fagernes routes were lost from 1 August 1999 , when the contract was won by Widere . Virtual airline Following the steep decline in routes , the company was reorganized into a virtual airline in 1999 . All operations were taken over by the Swedish airline Golden Air , who would operate the Saab 340 aircraft . At the same time , Golden Air bought half of Teddy Air . In October , Coast Air announced that they had too few aircraft to continue flying from Stord , and would terminate operations . Teddy Air became the only airline to serve Stord . 1999 returned a loss of NOK 6 . 9 million . In 2004 , Teddy Air terminated all services . The contract with Golden Air was discontinued , and the hangar at Geiteryggen was sold . The company remained on paper until 2005 , when the equity was gone and the entity was dissolved . Destinations The following is a list of destinations served by Teddy Air
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3,716 | Hurricane Hilary was a Category 3 hurricane that caused significant flooding in the Midwestern United States in August 1993 . A westward moving tropical depression gradually developed on August 17 south of the Mexican coast , attaining hurricane status two days later . The storm further intensified into a Category 3 hurricane , attaining peak winds of 120 mph ( 195 km h ) . By August 23 , the hurricane nearly stalled while interacting with Tropical Storm Irwin . Executing a small counter clockwise loop , Hilary degraded to tropical storm intensity and took a northerly track for the remainder of its existence . The storm made two landfalls in Mexico , one in Baja California Sur on August 25 and one in Sonora the following day . Tropical cyclone warnings and watches were issued for much of the southern Mexican coastline however , they were later discontinued when the threat ended , but were issued again when the system posed a threat to the Baja California Peninsula . Hilary dropped in excess of 5 in ( 130 mm ) rain along its path in some areas , and flash flooding in California and Iowa . Meteorological history Several small areas of convection developed in association with a tropical wave on August 14 near Central America . Over the next two days , the convection migrated across Central America , and then entered the Gulf of Tehuantepec on August 16 . The next morning , Tropical Depression Nine E formed south of an upper level low that was located in the Gulf of Mexico . Banding features slowly increased in coverage , and on August 18 , the depression intensified , becoming Tropical Storm Hilary about 100 mi ( 160 km ) south of the Pacific coast of Mexico . Hilary steadily gained strength , but its outflow remained restricted . Moving northwest on a track parallel to the coast of Mexico at around 10 mi ( 16 km ) due to a complex steering pattern , Hilary was initially poorly organized and its low level circulation was tough to find . The storm failed to intensify further until August 19 , when the storm was upgraded into a hurricane after the cyclone developed very cold cloud tops . Even though most computer models expected Hilary to remain offshore , meteorologists suggested there was a possibility of making landfall near Manzanillo . The next day , an eye formed subsequently , Hilary reached Category 2 intensity on the Saffir Simpson Hurricane Scale . By the time , the hurricane had grown into a large cyclone with gale force winds extending out 130 mi ( 210 km ) from the center . Under weak steering currents , Hilary became a major hurricane , a cyclone with winds of 111 mph ( 190 km h ) or higher , early on August 21 . Shortly thereafter , Hilary reached its peak intensity with winds of 120 mph ( 155 km h ) . Around this time , Hurricane Hilary developed a 15 mi ( 24 km ) eye . Later that day , however , the eye had shrunk to about 9 mi ( 14 km ) in diameter . The eye , which was very well defined , was surrounded by a central dense overcast , a large mass of deep convection . Shortly after its peak , Hurricane Hilary 's motion became unsteady . After nearly stalling , the hurricane turned to the west on August 22 , only to become nearly stationary again the next day . Slowly executing a small counter clockwise loop , Hilary underwent a Fujiwhara interaction with Tropical Storm Irwin which was several hundred miles southeast . Meanwhile , Hilary began to weaken , by early on August 22 , the eye became poorly defined and convection diminished . The eye dissipated within 12 hours , and the winds quickly diminished to 85 mph ( 130 km h ) . Later that day , the thunderstorm activity became partially exposed from the center , and on August 23 , Hilary was downgraded to a tropical storm due to lack of organization . The interaction continued to weaken Hilary , leaving it with little thunderstorm activity and winds of just 40 mph ( 60 km h ) on August 24 , before resuming a northerly motion . Around this time , Hilary finally absorbed Irwin . While Hilary began to traverse cooler waters , the environment became more favorable . Upon developing a 200 mb anticyclone , Hilary began to revive based on data from satellite imagery and ship reports . Tropical Storm Hilary made landfall in Baja California Sur on two separate occasions as a strong tropical storm on August 25 . Weakening over land , the cyclone regenerated deep convection over the Gulf of California . As a tropical depression , Hilary made its final landfall on August 26 just west of Hermosillo in Sonora . While most of the mid to upper level moisture associated with the storm got pulled inland by a shortwave trough , the low level center dissipated in the northern Gulf on August 27 . Preparations and impact Due to Hilary 's proximity to Mexico on August 20 , hurricane watches were issued for much of the southern coastline however , they were later discontinued . Once the system began its northward track , further watches and warnings were issued for the Baja California Peninsula and the Gulf of California coastline . Heavy rains , with a maximum recorded amount of 11 . 35 in ( 288 mm ) in unk unk , Colima , were accompanied the storm . Along the Baja California Peninsula , a statewide rainfall total of 4 . 33 in ( 110 mm ) fell in Huerta Vieja . However , no damage or loss of life took place . Winds along the peninsula were strong , though not as strong as Hurricane Calvin , a hurricane which struck the peninsula during July 1993 . The outer bands of Hurricane Hilary also brought localized downpours to parts of California , resulting in flash floods . In Arizona , 3 . 75 inches ( 95 mm ) of rain fell on Green Valley , and 3 . 50 inches ( 89 mm ) of precipitation was recorded at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument , resulting in flash flooding . Hilary produced a surge of moisture that dropped over 25 of the summer rainfall in portions of New Mexico . The remains of Hilary combined with a cold front to produce widespread flooding across the Midwestern United States . About 10 in ( 250 mm ) fell in some areas of Iowa , forcing rivers and streams to overflow its banks . Hundreds of people evacuated their homes .
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3,717 | The 1953 Pacific hurricane season was the least active season on record . The season officially began on May 15 in the northeast Pacific Ocean and on June 1 in the central northern Pacific . They ended on November 30 . These dates conventionally delimit the time of year when most tropical cyclones form in northeast Pacific Ocean . Before the satellite age started in the 1960s , data prior to that time on Pacific hurricanes is extremely unreliable as most east Pacific storms are of no threat to land . Of the four known tropical systems , two became hurricanes . Although only a tropical storm , the first storm of the season was the deepest , with a pressure of 981 mbar ( 29 . 0 inHg ) . This season is unusual in that no one was killed , no damage was inflicted , and no tropical cyclones made landfall . Seasonal summary Only four known systems were observed during the 1953 season . This was below the average at that time , which was six . Furthermore , the season was well below the 1949 2006 average of 13 named storms and had the fewest number of storms in the hurricane database . Only two tropical cyclones reached hurricane status , compared to the modern day average of seven . Furthermore , 1953 is also one of the few seasons without a major hurricane . This season was part of a decade long absence of major hurricanes from 1950 56 , no major hurricanes ( Category 3 or higher on the Saffir Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale ) were reported in the Eastern Pacific basin . However , it is possible that some storms were missed due to the lack of satellite coverage in the region in addition to the lack of Hurricane Hunter data , which did not become available until the following year . The four known storms developed between the 14 N and the 20 N. All of the storms remained at sea throughout their lifetime no deaths nor damages were noted during the season , though moisture from two of them reached the Southwestern United States . The season got onto an extremely slow start . The first storm formed in late August . At that time , it was believed that two systems would have long formed by then on average . According to the modern day National Hurricane Center , 8 10 storms would have by that time on average . Additionally , 1953 had the latest start date of any Pacific hurricane season on record . Additionally , 1953 is the only season in the database to have no storms by August . Throughout the 1953 hurricane season , the Weather Bureau office in Los Angeles ( unk ) issued 42 advisories during the season , mostly due to the storms ' threat to Southern California . Storms Tropical Storm One Thunderstorm activity off the Mexican coast was quite for the first half of August . Based on data from six ships , a closed atmospheric circulation may have formed near the Revillagigedo Islands at 0000 UTC on August 23 , which are situated roughly 350 mi ( 565 km ) south of the Baja California Peninsula . At this time , winds were estimated to be no higher than 28 mph ( 45 km h ) . After formation , One moved west northwest and on August 25 , the storm attained its peak intensity of 50 mph ( 80 km h ) . Furthermore , the ship S.S. Sirocco measured a minimum barometric pressure of 981 mbar ( 29 . 0 inHg ) . Although the unk reported that the storm dissipated that night near the peninsula , the HURDAT database suggests that the storm maintained peak intensity for another day , until August 27 when it dissipated . The remnants of Tropical Storm One brought heavy rains to Arizona at the very end of the month . Rainfall peaked at 3 . 22 in ( 82 mm ) in Williams , while two other weather stations reported more than 3 in ( 76 mm ) of precipitation . Tropical Storm Two Ships reports from the Hawaiian Islands to Panama indicated that an area of disturbed weather formed just west of the Revillagigedo island group . Initially , evidence of closed wind circulation was not sufficient enough to warrant an upgrade into a tropical disturbance . By the afternoon , pressures in the region began to fall . By that night , it was estimated to have developed winds of 40 mph ( 65 km h ) . A tropical storm formed on September 9 meanwhile , ship reports indicated a pressure of 1 , 001 mbar ( 29 . 6 inHg ) and sustained winds of 50 mph ( 85 km h ) . Maintaining peak intensity for a day , the low moved northwest before dissipating on September 10 as barometric pressures began to rise . The remnants of the storm later brought rain to Central California on September 15 . Hurricane Three A tropical cyclone first formed on September 13 near Western Mexico ( in the extreme southern Gulf of California ) while generating winds of 30 40 mph ( 50 65 km h ) . It traveled north northeastward and Three was upgraded into a hurricane on September 14 while reaching its maximum sustained wind speed of 85 mph ( 135 km h ) . After turning east northeast , Hurricane Three attained its peak pressure of 982 mbar ( 29 . 0 inHg ) . The storm held on to its wind speed , until September 17 , when the storm dissipated . The remnants of the storm deluged the Mexican coast with rain , especially in Sinaloa . Winds of 45 mph ( 70 km h ) were reported in Mazatlan on land however , no damage was recorded . Hurricane Four On October 1 , a closed low formed in the Gulf of Tehuantepec from an area of disturbed weather , which had persisted for several days prior . The next day , the hurricane database suggests that Four became a hurricane on October 2 while peaking in intensity , with winds of 85 mph ( 135 km h ) . That day , a peak pressure of 991 mbar ( 29 . 3 inHg ) was measured . The hurricane dissipated on October 8 later after holding on to its maximum wind speed for six days before finally dissipating nowhere near land . Other storms Tropical Storm Alice According to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center and Japan Meteorological Agency , on October 22 Tropical Storm Alice crossed the International Dateline , entering into CPHC 's area of responsibility however , this storm wasn 't included into CPHC database . The storm eventually became extratropical on October 23 over open waters .
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3,718 | Sideling Hill Tunnel is one of three original Pennsylvania Turnpike tunnels abandoned ( this one in 1968 ) after two massive realignment projects . The others are nearby Rays Hill Tunnel , and farther west , the Laurel Hill Tunnel . It was less expensive to realign the Turnpike than to bore a second tube for four lane traffic . Sideling Hill Tunnel is 6 , 782 feet ( 2 , 067 m ) long . It was the longest of the original tunnels on the Pennsylvania Turnpike . The Ray 's Hill Tunnel and Sideling Hill Tunnel are now part of the unk Trail . Together , the two tunnels as well as the roadway are commonly known as the Abandoned Pennsylvania Turnpike . From the Turnpike 's opening in 1940 until the realignment projects , the tunnels were bottlenecks opposing traffic in the same tubes reduced speeds . Four other tunnels on the Turnpike Allegheny Mountain , Tuscarora Mountain , Kittatinny Mountain , and Blue Mountain each had a second tube bored , the least expensive option . All of the original tunnels except for the Allegheny Mountain Tunnel were part of Vanderbilt 's Folly , the never completed South Pennsylvania Railroad . History Construction The Sideling Hill Tunnel 's original plans date back to the year 1881 , when surveying for the South Pennsylvania Railroad began . Construction began that year , with the plans for nine brand new tunnels , most of which were drilled by 1885 . The Sideling Hill Tunnel was built before December 1884 by John O 'Brien , an engineer from Rhinebeck , New York . On July 6 , 1885 , a blast occurred at the end of the Sideling Hill Tunnel . The blast , which was caused by dynamite , claimed the lives of three people , including O 'Brien . Several other people were injured in the blast . Just sixteen days later , another blast occurred in the tunnel , taking the lives of a Hungarian worker , along with two African Americans , two Italians , and one Irishman . The bodies were so cut by the rocks during the blast , that the people were almost unidentifiable . Unfortunately William H. Vanderbilt , who had started the plans for the railroad , noticed that expenses began to inflate , and he began to look for a second way to work things out . The construction was abandoned and never finished . In 1938 , the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission took over the entire grade of the abandoned railway . The Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission started construction on a new toll highway from Carlisle , Pennsylvania to Irwin , Pennsylvania in 1938 . When the Pennsylvania Turnpike opened on October 25 , 1940 , the Sideling Hill Tunnel was one of the seven original tunnels along the highway , six of which were built from the old railroad tunnels from the 1880s . The Allegheny Mountain Tunnel was constructed from scratch rather than from the tunnels because of structural concerns . Beginning in 1951 , the eastbound traffic at the Laurel Hill Tunnel would back up during the summer weekends . By 1958 , the Laurel Hill experienced congestion anytime from June to November . Because of the long bottlenecks , the Commission started looking into ways to remove the congestion . There were studies that began in the mid 1950s to decide on what to do with the tunnels . The studies looked into the major tunnels , the Laurel Hill and Allegheny Mountain , and the possibility of adding a second tube , or twinning , to them . Tunnel bypass actions Studies were completed for the remaining five mainline tunnels to determine the cost benefit of twinning of the tunnels , or complete bypass . After the studies completed , the decision was made to go ahead with a US 100 million construction project to work with the tunnels . Construction began on September 6 , 1962 , with the first subproject being a bypass of the Laurel Hill Tunnel . On October 30 , 1964 , just two years after construction began , the Laurel Hill Bypass was completed and opened . The Laurel Hill Tunnel was permanently closed on that day . However , this was not the last bypass to occur for tunnels along the turnpike . Two years after the closing of the Laurel Hill , the Allegheny Mountain became the first tunnel to be twinned , and opened on August 25 , 1966 . With the twinning of the Blue Mountain , Kittatinny Mountain and Tuscarora Mountain tunnels under construction , the Commission turned its focus to the remaining two mainline tunnels , the Rays Hill Tunnel ( the shortest tunnel ) and the Sideling Hill Tunnel ( the longest tunnel ) . An engineering report dating back to 1961 suggested that building a bypass around the last two mainline tunnels was the best way to solve the congestion . The Commission awarded three contracts to construct the bypass from July 1966 to March 1967 . The contracts cost 17 . 2 million for roadway and another 2 . 5 million for construction of a new Sideling Hill Service Plaza , to replace the Cove Valley Service Plaza , which was along the to be bypassed alignment . The 2 . 5 million project was to include ramps from both directions to the service plaza , so it could serve both directions . The style of the tunnel bypass was to follow the same style as the Laurel Hill bypass . On November 26 , 1968 , the three twinned tunnels opened , and the bypass of the Rays Hill and Sideling Hill Tunnels opened . The new bypass also opened the Breezewood Interchange and the number of lanes along the turnpike expanded to four ( two in each direction ) or five ( two in each direction , plus a climbing lane going uphill ) . In 2001 , the Turnpike Commission gave control of the 13 . 5 miles ( 21 . 7 km ) length of the Rays Hill and Sideling Hill Tunnels and other roadways to the Southern Alleghenies Conservancy , who began work to convert the stretch into a bicycle trail . The trail is used by hundreds of bicycle riders , and studies occurred in 2004 and 2005 to figure how to best safely construct the trail . Because there is a lack of good lighting in the tunnels the conservancy wants to look into how to solve it . The system is called the unk Trail and is planned to be an 18 miles ( 29 km ) mountain bicycle loop that serves access to the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation 's unk Route S.
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3,719 | Severe Tropical Storm Delfina was a damaging tropical cyclone that affected southeastern Africa in January 2003 . The fourth named storm of the 2002 03 South West Indian Ocean cyclone season , Delfina formed off the northwest coast of Madagascar on December 30 , 2002 . It quickly intensified while moving westward , becoming a strong tropical storm before hitting northeastern Mozambique on December 31 . Delfina weakened while moving inland , and it was no longer classifiable as a tropical cyclone by January 1 , 2003 . However , its remnants moved across the country and into Malawi , later looping around and crossing back over Mozambique the remnants of Delfina were last observed on January 9 . In both Mozambique and Malawi , Delfina dropped heavy rainfall that caused flooding . In the former country , over 18 , 000 houses were severely damaged or destroyed , leaving thousands homeless . The storm damaged roads and bridges , which disrupted relief efforts in the aftermath , and floods destroyed widespread areas of crops in the midst of an ongoing food shortage . Lingering flooding caused an outbreak of cholera and malaria in Mozambique , and 47 people were killed by Delfina . In Malawi , flooding was not widespread , although the storm destroyed about 3 , 600 houses and killed eight people . Only two months after the storm struck , however , Cyclone Japhet left damage and deaths in many of the same areas that Delfina affected . Meteorological history At 1100 UTC on December 30 , 2002 , the Joint Typhoon Warning Center ( JTWC ) noted in its Significant Tropical Weather Outlook that an area of convection persisted in the Mozambique Channel off the northwest coast of Madagascar . The system had a weak circulation , located in an area of minimal wind shear . At 1200 UTC that day , Mto France classified the system as the sixth zone of disturbed weather of the season . It quickly developed , organizing into Tropical Disturbance 6 at 1800 UTC on December 30 . At around the same time , the JTWC initiated advisories on Tropical Cyclone 08S . The convection became better organized , developing outflow and rainbands . With a ridge to the south , the storm tracked in a generally westward direction toward Mozambique . At 0600 UTC on December 31 , MFR upgraded the system to Tropical Depression 6 , and six hours later the agency upgraded it to Tropical Storm Delfina . While approaching the Mozambique coastline , Delfina quickly intensified , developing en eye feature and reaching maximum 1 minute sustained winds of 100 km h ( 65 mph ) . At 1800 UTC on December 31 , MFR estimated peak 10 minute sustained winds of 95 km h ( 60 mph ) . At about 2130 UTC , Delfina made landfall near Angoche in eastern Mozambique . It rapidly weakened while moving inland , and MFR discontinued advisories early on January 1 , 2003 . Delfina entered Malawi on January 2 , where dry air affected the storm . The remnants turned to the northeast , drifting into Mozambique and later turning to the south . On January 6 , it crossed over its track and emerged into the Mozambique Channel . When the remnants reached the Mozambique Channel , they were reclassified as Tropical Disturbance 07 , which moved southward over waters . It re intensified into a tropical storm on January 8 before weakening the next day , becoming extratropical . The remnants persisted for several days , dissipating on January 14 . Impact and aftermath Upon striking Mozambique , Delfina produced strong winds and heavy rains , particularly in the northern portion of the country . A station in Nampula reported 281 mm ( 11 . 1 in ) in a 48 hour period . Delfina washed out roads and bridges in Nampula and Zambezia provinces , which isolated towns and disrupted the transportation network . A train derailed due to effects from the storm , which cut rail travel between northern Mozambique and neighboring Malawi . The cyclone destroyed or severely damaged over 18 , 000 houses , which directly affected about 133 , 000 people , mostly in Nampula where 22 , 000 people were displaced . Floods along the unk River forced 1 , 800 people to leave their homes . In Nampula and Zambezia , Delfina damaged four health facilities and 376 schools . The storm caused a power outage in Nampula for several days , and in unk , there were water shortages after the storm . The cyclone destroyed over 2 , 000 ha ( 4 , 900 acres ) of beans and cassava crops and knocked down thousands of cashew trees , in areas already affected by food shortages due to drought conditions . Overall , Delfina resulted in 3 . 5 million in damage ( 2003 USD ) , and caused 47 deaths in the country , at least 19 due to flooding . After Delfina moved through Mozambique , the local Red Cross chapter provided shelter , water , and relief items to the affected residents . Residual flooding in northern Mozambique , compounded with lack of drinking water , caused a cholera outbreak that affected at least 400 people . By January 27 , 12 people had died from the disease . Flooding also caused a malaria outbreak that killed 45 people in the country . Government officials deployed food to the affected areas by airplane and by road , after workers repaired damaged bridges . Residents in Mozambique gradually recovered from storm damage in the weeks after it struck . Only two months after the storm struck , however , Cyclone Japhet left damage and deaths in many of the same areas . In neighboring Malawi , the storm 's remnants caused flooding in seven provinces , although it was not widespread . Delfina damaged roads , and destroyed one rail bridge in Balaka District . The storm destroyed about 3 , 600 houses which forced about 30 , 000 people to leave their homes . The floods affected 57 , 000 properties , damaging 23 , 500 ha ( 58 , 000 acres ) in the midst of a food shortage . Delfina killed eight people in Malawi , prompting President Bakili Muluzi to declare the country as a disaster area on January 11 . After the storm , the Red Cross provided blankets and food for the affected residents . The damaged rail line that initially prevented relief supplies from entering the country was repaired in early February .
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3,720 | The Amanda Award ( Norwegian unk ) is an award given annually at the Norwegian International Film Festival in Haugesund , Norway , to promote and improve Norwegian film . The award originated in 1985 , and has since 2005 been exclusively a film award ( not television ) . Winners are awarded a trophy by the Norwegian sculptor Kristian unk , and the name and theme of the sculpture comes from a legendary local woman from the 1920s . The award ceremony is marked every year by a major , nationally televised , event . History The Amanda Award was instituted in 1985 as part of the Norwegian International Film Festival to increase the quality of and further the interest for Norwegian films . The year 1993 marked an exception to the norm , when the so called Nordic Amanda included contribution from all the Nordic countries . From 2005 onwards , TV drama was no longer included among the categories honoured , as the TV specific award unk had taken over this function . Instead the award became exclusively for films . Around the same time another change occurred also . Since the beginning , the award ceremony had been produced in cooperation with the Norwegian state broadcasting corporation Norsk unk ( NRK ) . In 2006 , however , NRK ended the partnership , and the show has since that time been the responsibility of the private broadcasting company TV 2 . In the year 2007 , a People 's Amanda ( Folkets Amanda ) was awarded for the first time , where the winner was arrived at by popular vote . The first winner of the award was the horror movie Fritt unk , directed by Roar unk . Sculpture The name Amanda is derived from a song , or sea shanty , titled Amanda fra from Haugesund . Supposedly the song in turn refers to a real woman from the 1920s a lone mother who made a living from selling liquor to sailors during the prohibition period . The figurine that is awarded to prize winners originated from a competition held by the local newspaper unk Avis in 1985 , to create a sculpture of the legendary Amanda . The competition was won by Kristian unk from unk in Akershus . The full size sculpture now stands outside the newspaper 's office , but a miniature version was adopted as a trophy for the Amanda Award . The figurine is 30 cm ( 11 . 81 in ) tall , with a skirt measuring 14 cm ( 5 . 51 in ) in diameter . While the current sculpture is hollow and weighs 2 . 5 kg ( 5 . 51 lbs ) , for the first few years it was made of solid metal . Weighing in at 4 . 5 kg ( 9 . 92 lbs ) it was difficult to hoist for many winners . It was one of these prizes that , in the year 1986 , was won by director Anja unk , who decided to sell it through a newspaper advert , as a protest against that year 's budget cuts for Norwegian film . The Swedish Film Institute , which had experienced similar cuts and sympathized , bought the sculpture . In 2005 , as unk was presented with an honorary award , she was also given back the original sculpture by former Minister of Culture and director of the Swedish Film Institute , se Kleveland . Show The award show has long been a central point of the film festival , as well as a major television event for the whole of Norway . Particularly in earlier years , international stars were sometimes brought in to enhance the prestige of the event . Examples of this are Roger Moore , who was a special guest at the very first ceremony in 1985 , and Diana Ross in 1987 , then married to Norwegian entrepreneur Arne Nss , Jr . Other international names appearing in the show as presenters have included Ned Beatty , Lauren Bacall , Jon Voight , Brian Cox , Jeremy Irons , Ben Kingsley and Pierce Brosnan . The show has in recent years been hosted by prominent Norwegian comedians . Jon unk , known from the TV show unk p unk , played host for several years in the early 2000s . Thomas unk , known as a stand up comedian and from several TV shows , has hosted the show in recent years . An episode that received some media attention in 2005 was when host Marit unk and Minister of Culture and Church Affairs from the Christian conservative party KrF , unk Svarstad Haugland , kissed on stage as part of a humorous routine . Awards and winners The only actor ever to have won four Amanda Awards is Bjrn Sundquist . These were awarded for the movies Over unk ( 1987 ) , unk ( 1996 ) and unk se deg unk unk ( 2000 ) , as well as an Honorary Award in 2000 . Also Ane Dahl Torp has won three awards for specific acting roles she won Best Actress for her roles in unk unk unk unk ( 2004 ) and unk Pedersen ( 2006 ) , and was the first ever to receive the newly created award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for her effort in unk in 2008 . Sverre Anker unk has also been named Best Actor twice , for unk in 1990 and unk in 1998 , and won the Honorary Award in 2009 . Nils Ole unk , Espen Skjnberg and Anneke von der Lippe have all been honoured twice each unk and Skjnberg once as lead actors and once as supporting actors . Among the directors , Ola unk , Nils unk , Berit Nesheim and Bent Hamer have each received two awards . Erik unk has the rare distinction of having won in three different categories for best film and best documentary , in addition to winning the special Nordic Amanda in 1993 . This is an accomplishment also unk Holmen can claim , for winning the Best Actress award in 2000 , Best Supporting Role in 1993 , and the Honorary Award in 2009 . The only film to have won the three main awards best film , best actor and best actress is unk in 1997 . As of 2010 , the categories awarded are Best Norwegian Film in Theatrical Release Best Director ( for films in theatrical release ) The People s Amanda ( audience vote ) Best Actor Best Actress Best Actor in a Supporting Role Best Actress in a Supporting Role Best Children s and Youth Film Best Original Screenplay Best Cinematography Best Sound Design Best Music Best Editing Best Production Design unk Best Visual Effects Best Short Film Best Documentary The foreign film of the year in Theatrical Release The Amanda Committee 's Golden Clapper ( technical award ) The Amanda Committee 's Honorary Award
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3,721 | Amanita australis is a species of fungus in the Amanitaceae family . It is found only in New Zealand , where it occurs in Leptospermum and Nothofagus forest . The species was first described by New Zealand mycologist Greta Stevenson in 1962 in the same publication Stevenson also described what she thought was a unique species , Limacella macrospora , but over 30 years later this was reduced to synonymy with A. australis . Amanita australis produces small to medium sized fruit bodies , with brown caps up to 9 cm ( 3 . 5 in ) in diameter covered with pyramidal warts . The gills on the underside of the cap are white , closely crowded together , and free from attachment to the stem . The stem , which is up to 9 cm ( 3 . 5 in ) long and 26 mm ( 1 . 0 in ) thick , has a ring and a bulbous base . The mushroom may be confused with another endemic New Zealand species , A. nothofagi , but can be distinguished by differences in microscopic characteristics . Taxonomy and classification Amanita australis was first described by Greta Stevenson in 1962 , based on specimens she collected in April 1954 around Lake Rotoiti in Nelson Lakes National Park , in New Zealand . In the same publication , Stevenson described Limacella macrospora , collected in 1952 at Day 's Bay near Wellington . Stevenson thought this was a new species different from any previously described Limacella because of its larger size and amyloid spores . Austrian mycologist Egon Horak later transferred it to the genus unk , but did not provide a reason for making the new combination . In 1986 , Pegler and Young proposed a classification for unk based largely on spore structure , but they excluded O. macrospora , considering it a species of Amanita . Geoff Ridley examined Stevenson 's holotype material and reduced L. unk to synonymy with A. australis in 1993 , explaining The size , shape and amyloid reaction of the spores , the dimensions of the basidia , the presence of clamp connections and lamella margin cells indicate that this is Amanita australis Stevenson and easily fits into the concept of this taxon . ... unk the specimen lacks the typical pronounced basal bulb to the stipe and volva remnants on the pileus however , it is not an unknown condition in this taxon . Although Stevenson originally placed the species in Amanita section Phalloideae because of a perceived similarity to A. citrina , it is now classified in section unk many species in this section have bulbous stem bases . Ridley suggests an appropriate common name would be the straw unk , while Rodham Tulloss calls it the far south Amanita . The specific epithet australis means southern . Description The shape of the A. australis cap is initially convex , later flattening out or even developing a central depression , and reaching diameters of 20 90 mm ( 0 . 8 4 in ) wide . The cap margin sometimes splits and rolls back to give a ragged appearance . The centre of the cap is dark buff , honey or isabelline , becoming paler to buff at the margin . The surface is sticky when young or wet , but dries out with age . The remnants of the volva form conical to pyramidal warts that are most densely aggregated in the center , but become sparse and low towards the margin . They are initially white then greyish sepia or isabelline with white to buff tips . The gills are crowded closely together , free from attachment to the stem , 6 10 mm ( 0 . 24 0 . 39 in ) wide , and white . The lamellulae ( short gills that do not extend fully from the cap edge to the stem ) have truncated ends . The stem is 37 90 mm ( 1 . 5 3 . 5 in ) tall , 6 26 mm ( 0 . 24 1 . 02 in ) in diameter , and narrowest at center . It is hollow , and has an abruptly bulbous base that is between 14 and 38 mm ( 0 . 55 and 1 . 50 in ) in diameter . The surface of the stem above the level of the ring is white and covered in woolly tufts of mycelia below the ring it is white with buff to greyish transverse , grooved bands . The base may or may not have a rim of volval remnants that are powdery , and a greyish buff to greyish sepia colour . The ring is membranous , white to buff , first hanging freely then later adhering to the stem . The flesh of the cap is white , occasionally pale isabelline under the center of the cap the flesh of the stem is white . The spore print is white . The spores are typically 9 12 by 8 10 . 5 m , spherical to ellipsoid , and thin walled . They are hyaline ( translucent ) , and amyloid meaning they will stain bluish black to black in Melzer 's reagent . The basidia are 43 . 5 76 . 5 by 10 . 5 17 m , mostly four spored , and clamped at their bases . There are abundant spherical , elliptic or club shaped hyaline cells on the gill edges , measuring 16 39 . 5 by 10 . 5 27 . 5 m . The cap cuticle is 220 270 m wide , consisting of a gelatinised suprapellis ( upper layer ) and non gelatinised subpellis ( lower layer ) . The volval remnants on the cap consist of abundant spherical , club shaped , or turnip shaped cells , measuring 10 86 by 9 85 m . These cells are umber in colour , and arranged in chains perpendicular to the cap surface , becoming smaller and paler at tip of the wart , subtended by moderately abundant hyphae that are 4 10 m wide . Clamp connections are abundant in the hyphae . Similar species Amanita australis mushrooms that have lost their warts and have had the colours faded may resemble another New Zealand species , A. nothofagi . The two species may be distinguished reliably using microscopy A. nothofagi does not have clamp connections at the base of the basidia , unlike A. unk australis also bears some resemblance to the eastern North American and east Asian species A. abrupta , which also has an abruptly bulbous stem base . Habitat and distribution Amanita australis is found only on the north and south islands of New Zealand , where it grows in a mycorrhizal association with Southern Beech ( genus Nothofagus ) ( including New Zealand Red Beech , Silver beech , New Zealand Black Beech , Hard Beech ) , Manuka , and unk . The mushroom usually grows solitarily , but has on rare occasions been found growing in groups .
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3,722 | Archery at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held at Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens , Greece with ranking rounds on 12 August and regular competition held from 15 August to 21 August . One hundred twenty eight archers from forty three nations competed in the four gold medal events individual and team events for men and for women that were contested at these games . The stadium , often called unk , is notable as the site of the first Olympic Games and even earlier , where the Ancient Greeks ' unk Games were hosted . At the behest of James Easton , president of the International Archery Federation , archery events were held in the historic stadium , hoping that its history and natural beauty would attract the public to the sport . Laurence Godfrey , the fourth place finisher in the men 's individual event , remarked that the stadium inspired pride , while American Vic unk spoke for most of the archers in saying , It 's a great honor and a privilege to be able to compete inside the 1896 Olympic Stadium . The Korean team won three out of the four gold medals contested . Four Olympic records and several other world records were broken at these games , despite poor weather conditions during the preliminary rounds of competition . Qualification and format There were four ways for National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) to qualify individual archers for the Olympics in archery . For each gender , the host nation ( Greece ) was guaranteed three spots . The 2003 World Target Competition 's top 8 teams ( not including the host nation ) each received three spots , and the 19 highest ranked archers after the team qualifiers were removed also received spots . Fifteen of the remaining eighteen spots were divided equally among the five Olympic continents for allocation in continental tournaments . The last three spots in each gender were determined by the Tripartite Commission . Sixty four archers of each sex took part in the Olympics , with each NOC being able to enter a maximum of three archers . For all archery events at the Olympics , archers stand 70 metres from their target . The target consists of concentric circles , and has a total diameter of 122 cm . Archers earn points based on which circle their arrow landed in , with ten points awarded for hitting the center circle , and one point awarded for hitting the outermost circle . During the ranking rounds , each archer shot twelve ends , or groups , of six arrows per end . The score from that round determined the match ups in the elimination rounds , with high ranking archers facing low ranking archers . The first three rounds of elimination used six ends of three arrows , narrowing the field of archers from 64 to 8 . The three final rounds ( quarterfinals , semifinals , and medal matches ) each used four ends of three arrows . Thirteen men 's and fifteen women 's teams competed in the team competitions . The teams consisted of the country 's three archers from the individual round , and the team 's initial ranking was determined by summing the three members ' scores in the individual ranking round . Each round of eliminations consisted of each team firing 27 arrows ( 9 by each archer ) . Medal summary Event summary For the sixth Olympics in a row , the South Korean team came out as the clear victor , taking three out of the four gold medals in Athens . Korean archers set new world records in the women 's individual ( Park Sung Hyun ) and team ( Park , Yun Mi Jin , and Lee Sung Jin ) ranking rounds and the men 's individual ranking round ( Im Dong Hyun ) , though none of those scores counted as Olympic records because the ranking round was held before the opening ceremony . Olympic records were broken in both the men 's and women 's 36 arrow 1 16 and 1 8 rounds combined ( by Chen unk Yuan of Chinese Taipei and Yun of Korea ) , as well as in the men 's 18 arrow match ( by Park Kyung Mo of Korea ) and 36 arrow finals rounds combined ( by Tim Cuddihy of Australia ) . In the men 's events , the Korean team shot 12 maximum scores of 10 to win the gold medal against Chinese Taipei 251 245 . Losing by two points , the United States failed to fend of the Ukraine team to capture the bronze . The event causing the most upset however was the men 's individual , the only event that the Korean team has never won and yet again failed to clinch . Defending champion Simon Fairweather was ousted from the competition in a first round loss due to blustery weather conditions . The wind caused some archers like Fairweather to make one point shots , and its strength even caused others to miss their targets completely . The final matches of this event also saw competitors coming close in score , with Italian Marco unk beating the Japanese Hiroshi Yamamoto by only two points to win gold . Even closer still was the bronze medal match , in which Britain 's Laurence Godfrey was outshot 112 113 by seventeen year old Australian Tim Cuddihy , who himself only managed to get into the semifinals by one point . The woman 's individual event fell easily to the Koreans they have won this event continuously since the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles and swept all three medals at the 2000 Olympics . Though both gold and silver fell to Korean archers , Alison Williamson captured the bronze medal , giving Britain its first medal in archery since 1992 . In the team event , the Korean women beat the Chinese team 241 240 to win the gold medal , making this their eleventh straight women 's team championship win . Taiwan easily took the bronze medal over France . Participating nations Forty three nations contributed archers to compete in the events . Below is a list of the competing nations in parentheses are the number of national competitors . Medal table Korea continued its domination of the sport , winning three of the four gold medals as well as a silver . Marco unk won the men 's individual competition , earning Italy the nation 's first gold medal in Olympic archery , blocking Hiroshi Yamamoto 's attempt to win Japan 's first gold medal . Chinese Taipei , which had never before won a medal in archery , won a silver and a bronze .
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3,723 | Cat Daddy is a 2011 song by American Hip hop group The Rej3ctz . It is based on a dance of the same name and is from the 2010 mixtape TheFUNKtion vs theKICKback . Cat Daddy was a MTV Jams Jam Of The Week in January 2011 . It was released for digital download on February 16 , 2011 on iTunes and subsequently charted on several Billboard charts , including the Hot R B Hip Hop Songs chart , where it spent fourteen weeks and eventually peaked at number 77 , after being re released on June 27 , 2011 . Chris Brown performed the Cat Daddy dance during the 106 Park 10th Anniversary special in October 2010 . Brown was the featured dance performer on the song 's official video , which as of November 12 , 2015 has over 99 million YouTube views . A Cat Daddy 2 . 0 video by Mario Van Peebles preceded the re release of the song and was associated with the movie We the Party . Several notable celebrities have been filmed doing the dance , including Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez . The dance is described as a combination of buckling a seatbelt and rolling a wheelchair . The song and dance became a viral video in May 2012 when then current Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue cover model Kate Upton posted a video of her bikini clad rendition of the dance on YouTube , causing YouTube to temporarily ban the video . The propriety of the YouTube ban was hotly debated with articles in many top tier publications including the Los Angeles Times , The Washington Post and the Daily News as well as leading news services such as ABC News and Fox News . Her video has about 25 . 7 million YouTube views , as of November 12 , 2015 . Release The Cat Daddy dance was originated by The Rej3ctz group member Reject Sam before the group linked it to the song . The song came from a 2010 mixtape entitled TheFUNKtion vs theKICKback , which is sometimes just referred to as The unk . In late 2010 and 2011 , Chris Brown popularized the Cat Daddy dance after performing it in the official video . On October 6 , 2010 , Brown performed the Cat Daddy on 106 Park for their 10 year anniversary show . Then , the Rej3ctz released a video of the song , featuring Brown dancing , that was produced at Venice Beach on or before August 2010 . The song was released February 16 , 2011 as a music download on iTunes . According to Thomas Clayton of The Daily unk , the song had 14 , 000 downloads on iTunes in its first week and the video had 9 million pageviews at the time . By April 20 , 2011 , the official video had 21 million pageviews . As of November 12 , 2015 the original December 2 , 2010 upload of the official video has over 81 . 9 million YouTube views , while an alternate March 9 , 2011 upload of the video has an additional 17 . 4 million plus views . In April 2011 , Mario Van Peebles produced a Cat Daddy 2 . 0 video that included appearances of several artist playing parody roles of themselves like actor and singer Quincy , rapper YG and entertainer Carlos Olivero . The video was associated with the release of Van Peebles ' movie We the Party and the story behind The Rej3ctz ' audition for it . The video shows how The Rej3ctz anticipated succeeding in their auditions , but realized that the competition was stiffer than expected . They were rejected until Van Peebles ' kids got Mario to ask them to perform their song and dance . The video was Van Peebles ' first music video . The song was re released on iTunes on June 27 , 2011 . Reception Billboard described the song as a low slung . unk described the song and video as another one of those weak on lyrical content , but making up for it with a bangin beat and some standard Chris Breezy dancin unk . In January 2011 , the song was recognized by MTV Jams as the Jam Of The Week . Although the song only spent one week on the Billboard Hot 100 , peaking at number 97 on June 18 , 2011 , it spent fourteen weeks on the Hot R B Hip Hop Songs chart peaking at 77 on July 16 , 2011 and was listed on the Top Heatseekers list for eleven weeks , peaking at number 12 on June 18 , 2011 . Production background The original video was directed by Alex Nazari . TheFUNKtion vs theKICKback mixtape that included Cat Daddy was produced by unk . Kate Upton videos Kate Upton , who in February 2012 was the cover model for the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue , recorded a video of the Dougie that went viral and garnered over 5 million hits in April 2011 . She announced her intention to release a video performance of the Cat Daddy when she served as grand marshal for the 2012 Daytona 500 . The video of Upton dancing on a break between photo shots was posted online on April 30 . After garnering close to 1 million hits in the first 24 hours , YouTube banned Kate Upton 's version of the dance from their site for being too risqu . After some deliberation about whether it violated the website s rules on nudity and sexual content the video was restored to their website . Upton 's Cat Daddy video clip was a part of Terry Richardson 's vlog . Richardson has a reputation for raunchy artwork . According to the Los Angeles Times the video was removed on May 1 , 2012 while the Daily News reported its removal was May 2 . Both agree that the video was restored late on May 2 , although Fox News reports that it was initially restored with an age restriction . During the YouTube ban , Upton 's Cat Daddy gained exposure at Vimeo when Richardson uploaded it there in response to the ban . As of November 12 , 2015 , her version of the dance has received about 25 . 7 million YouTube views . Following Upton 's April 30 rendition , The Rej3ctz were impressed enough with Upton that they attempted to contact her regarding future collaboration ( s ) . On the June 21 , 2012 edition of Late Night with Jimmy Fallon she performed a fully clothed rendition of the Cat Daddy alongside Fallon . Prior to performing the dance she described the movements of the dance as buckling a seatbelt and rolling a wheelchair . YouTube now hosts videos of numerous celebrities doing the Cat Daddy including Selena Gomez and Justin Bieber . Track listing Chart performance Release history
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3,724 | Ralph Wild Larkin ( born May 27 , 1940 ) is an American sociologist and research consultant . He is the author of Suburban Youth in Cultural Crisis ( 1979 ) , Beyond Revolution A New Theory of Social Movements ( 1986 ) , and Comprehending Columbine ( 2007 ) . He obtained his bachelor 's degree from the University of California , Santa Barbara and received a master 's degree in education from California State University at Northridge . In 1969 he received a Ph.D. in Sociology of Education from the University of California , Los Angeles , and he taught sociology at Rutgers University in 1973 . He met fellow sociologist Daniel A. Foss while teaching at Rutgers , and they later partnered in researching social movements . They co authored a book together on social movements , and have jointly published studies in academic journals including Theory Society , Sociological Analysis , and Social Text . Larkin is a Senior Research Associate at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice , City University of New York , and owns his own consulting firm called Academic Research Consulting Service . Early life and education Larkin was born in Los Angeles , California on May 27 , 1940 , and obtained his bachelor 's degree from the University of California , Santa Barbara in 1961 . After teaching elementary school in California , Larkin obtained a master 's degree in education from California State University at Northridge in 1966 , and received his Ph.D. in Sociology of Education from the University of California , Los Angeles , in 1969 . In 1970 , Larkin moved to New York and worked as a research associate at the Center for Urban Education . He became an Assistant Professor of Sociology at Rutgers University in 1973 . Career Research on social movements Larkin met fellow sociologist Daniel A. Foss when they were both teaching Sociology at Rutgers University . They have frequently partnered in research on the study of social movements . The book Beyond Revolution A New Theory of Social Movements was co authored with Foss . Larkin and Foss have also jointly published research in sociology journals , including a piece on the white middle class youth movement of the 1960s and its relationship to later movements such as the Children of God , the Divine Light Mission , Swami Muktananda and the Revolutionary Youth Movement in Theory and Society . They later wrote a more focused article dealing with Guru Maharaj Ji and his followers , which was published in Sociological Analysis , and a piece dealing with the vocabulary utilized in these social movements , in Social Text . Larkin and Foss ' research has later been cited by books on both the 1960s subculture , and on movements of social change such as the Hippie movement and other forms of counterculture and subculture . Teaching Larkin has taught coursework in the Department of Sociology at the Newark College of Arts and Science of Rutgers University , and was also a professor at the Center for the Study of Evaluation , University of California , Los Angeles Graduate School of Education . After the publication of his work Comprehending Columbine , Larkin was contacted by the press for comment on the Columbine High School massacre , and discussed a judge 's decision to seal information and tapes containing information about the killers . The judge said the tapes were incendiary . We have plenty of things already that stimulate violence , said Larkin . Prior to writing the book , Larkin had given a seminar at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice 's Center on Terrorism , entitled From Oklahoma City to Columbine Paramilitary Influences on Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold . Larkin is a Senior Research Associate at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice , City University of New York , and owns his own consulting firm called Academic Research Consulting Service . Published works Books Larkin , Ralph W. ( January 28 , 2007 ) . Comprehending Columbine . Temple University Press . ISBN 1 59213 491 2 . Foss , Daniel A. Ralph Larkin ( March 31 , 1986 ) . Beyond Revolution A New Theory of Social Movements ( Critical Perspectives in Social Theory ) . Bergin Garvey . ISBN 0 unk 077 9 . Larkin , Ralph W. ( October 18 , 1979 ) . Suburban Youth in Cultural Crisis . Oxford University Press . ISBN 0 19 unk 7 . Articles Larkin , Ralph W. ( November 1 , 1988 ) . unk Toward the Millennium Youth in the Next Decade . The world I online ( Modern Thought Children of the Baby Boomers Prospects for the Future ) . Larkin , Ralph Daniel Foss ( Spring Summer 1984 ) . Lexicon of Folk Etymology . Social Text ( Duke University Press ) 9 10 ( The 60 's without Apology ) 360 377 . doi 10 . 2307 unk . JSTOR unk . Foss , Daniel A. Ralph W. Larkin ( 1979 ) . The Roar of the Lemming Youth unk Groups , and the Life Construction Crisis . Sociological Inquiry ( Blackwell Publishing Ltd ) 49 ( 2 3 ) 264 85 . doi 10 . 1111 unk unk Larkin , Ralph W. Daniel A. Foss ( Summer 1978 ) . unk the Absurd The Negation of Social unk among the Followers of Guru Maharaj Ji . Sociological Analysis ( Oxford University Press ) 39 ( 2 ) 157 164 . doi 10 . 2307 unk . JSTOR unk . Larkin , Ralph W. Daniel A. Foss ( March 1976 ) . From the gates of Eden to day of the locust . Theory and Society ( ISSN 0304 unk ) 3 ( 1 ) 45 64 . doi 10 . 1007 unk . Larkin , Ralph W. ( Autumn 1975 ) . Social Exchange in the Elementary School Classroom The Problem of Teacher unk of Social Power . Sociology of Education ( American Sociological Association ) 48 ( 4 ) 400 410 . doi 10 . 2307 unk . JSTOR unk . Larkin , Ralph W. ( Autumn 1973 ) . Contextual Influences on Teacher Leadership Styles . Sociology of Education ( American Sociological Association ) 46 ( 4 ) 471 479 . doi 10 . 2307 unk . JSTOR unk . Larkin , Ralph W. ( November 1972 ) . Class , Race , Sex and unk Attitudes . California Journal of Educational Research 23 ( 5 ) 213 23 . Larkin , Ralph W. ( 1970 ) . Pattern Maintenance and Change in Education . The Teachers College Record ( Teachers College , Columbia University ) 72 ( 1 ) 111 120 .
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3,725 | M 11 is a state trunkline highway in the US state of Michigan in the Grand Rapids metropolitan area . The highway runs through the western and southern sides of the metro area , starting over the border in Ottawa County at an interchange with Interstate 96 ( I 96 ) . It runs through both rural woodlands and busy commercial areas before it terminates at another interchange with I 96 in Cascade Township . Locally known as Wilson Avenue and 28th Street , the trunkline is listed on the National Highway System , M 11 carries between 8 , 000 and 42 , 000 vehicles on average each day . When the original state trunklines were designated , an M 11 ran the length of the Lake Michigan shoreline from the Indiana state line to Mackinaw City . That highway was replaced in 1926 by two of the then newly created US Highways . A second highway was given the M 11 designation at that time in the Saline area . This highway was removed from the highway system and the designation decommissioned in 1954 . The current M 11 was designated in 1961 along a set of roads in the Grand Rapids area that includes portions of a former route of US Highway 16 ( US 16 ) in Michigan . Route description The western terminus is at exit 24 on I 96 , one mile ( 1 . 6 km ) east of Marne . In Ottawa County , the road is called Ironwood Drive . Beginning at the Kent County border , the street is called Remembrance Road ( in honor of those who died in battle ) . From its western terminus , the road angles southeast northwest for about a mile and a half ( 2 . 4 km ) . Then M 11 turns south on Wilson Avenue to run north south through Walker . Wilson Avenue intersects M 45 ( Lake Michigan Drive ) in the unk Business District . South of Lake Michigan Drive , the trunkline continues on Wilson Avenue through the edge of a rural area . The highway runs through forest land near Millennium Park until it crosses the Grand River at I 196 . Past I 196 , M 11 curves to run east west and becomes 28th Street . Wilson continues southwards as a local road and 28th Street is the route through Grandville and Wyoming . Chicago Drive runs under 28th Street in Grandville there is a ramp from eastbound Chicago Drive to eastbound 28th Street , but all other connections are through the 28th Street Cutoff to the east of the grade separated junction . Continuing eastward through Wyoming , M 11 passes through that city 's central business district . The highway intersects US Highway 131 and crosses into Grand Rapids at Division Avenue . Near Kalamazoo Avenue , 28th Street passes the Indian Hills Golf Course . From Breton Avenue eastward , 28th Street is dominated by retail establishments as it continues into Kentwood . M 11 meets an intersection with East Beltline Avenue near the Woodland Mall . East Beltline carries M 37 through the eastern side of the Grand Rapids metro area , and M 44 north of 28th Street . M 11 continues eastward to its terminus at exit 44 on I 96 while 28th Street continues farther east to Cascade Road . M 11 is maintained by the Michigan Department of Transportation ( MDOT ) like other state highways in Michigan . As a part of these maintenance responsibilities , the department tracks the volume of traffic that uses the roadways under its jurisdiction . These volumes are expressed using a metric called annual average daily traffic , which is a statistical calculation of the average daily number of vehicles on a segment of roadway . MDOT 's surveys in 2010 showed that the highest traffic levels along M 11 were the 41 , 214 vehicles daily between Kalamazoo and Breton avenues in Grand Rapids the lowest counts were the 8 , 153 vehicles per day in Ottawa County . All of M 11 has been listed on the National Highway System , a network of roads important to the country 's economy , defense , and mobility . History Previous designations The first M 11 originally ran along Lake Michigan between the Indiana state line near New Buffalo and Mackinaw City on July 1 , 1919 . On November 11 , 1926 , the New Buffalo Benton Harbor segment was used for US 12 and the Watervliet Mackinaw City section was used for US 31 between Benton Harbor and Watervliet , M 11 was used for a concurrent US 12 US 31 . Streets are still designated as Old M 11 in places such as unk Township . Immediately after the debut of the U.S. Highway System in 1926 , M 11 was designated from M 50 at Napoleon to US 112 in Saline . The last section of this highway was fully paved between Bridgewater and Saline in late 1948 or early 1949 . In the middle of 1954 , M 92 was extended southward from Chelsea to Manchester . From there , that highway replaced M 11 west to Bridgewater before turning south to Clinton at the same time , the remainder of M 11 was removed from the state highway system and the designation was decommissioned . Current designation The modern M 11 was added to the state highway system as a component of M 114 c . 1930 . By 1942 , the trunkline was completed and reassigned a Bypass US 16 designation , until the mainline US 16 was rerouted over the bypass in 1953 . In the latter half of 1961 , the M 11 designation was first assigned in the Grand Rapids area along the current routing when US 16 was moved to the newly opened I 96 freeway . The routing has remained unchanged since . Memorial designations The current M 11 follows Remembrance Road , Wilson Avenue and 28th Street . The first two of these names were chosen to memorialize the roadway in honor of local people . Remembrance Road was dedicated in 1923 on the initiative of the local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution . They planted 231 elms in a double row on each side of the highway and erected a boulder bearing a bronze plaque dedicated to the veterans of Kent County . Wilson Avenue was named for Samuel H. Wilson , a local realtor . He had developed a series of local residential subdivisions in the area up until his 1931 death , In 1942 , the county road commission named Wilson Avenue in his honor to comply with a state law requiring roads that benefitted from state funds to have proper names . Major intersections
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3,726 | The Bold Bank Robbery is a 1904 short crime film produced and distributed by the Lubin Manufacturing Company . The silent film depicts a group of burglars who plan and execute a successful bank heist . Company employee Jack Frawley was the film 's director , also coming up with the story and serving as cinematographer the cast 's identities are unknown . The silent film was the first Lubin Manufacturing Company release to feature an original narrative . The film was created after the commercial success of the Edwin S. Porter film The Great Train Robbery , and was intended to be similar to it . Released on July 30 , 1904 , reception was mixed . It is credited with having motivated Porter to direct the film Capture of the unk Bank unk . A print of the seven minute film , which is now in the public domain , is preserved in the Library of Congress . In 2002 , the film was released on DVD as part of a compilation of silent films . Plot After learning they are short of money , a group of four robbers decide to execute a bank heist . The four create a plan and hire an unwitting chauffeur to drive them to their location . As soon as they reach an isolated road , the robbers force the chauffeur out of the car , gag him , and throw him into a ditch . The robbers then drive the car to the bank . After entering , they kill a security guard and use explosives to force the bank vault open . The thieves steal as much money as possible and make a quick retreat to their car . Back in the park , a young couple on a walk discover the unconscious body of the chauffeur , and the man calls the police . The band of robbers , now at home , are about to start splitting their stolen goods equally , when the police barge in . While three of the robbers are subdued after a fight , one manages to make his escape via a window and ends up on the roof . The two policeman chase the criminal , who eludes them by jumping from rooftop to rooftop . After the robber jumps down to the street , he runs toward the railroad station and boards a departing train . The police officers arrive but are too late , as the robber has left . The officers tell the train dispatcher to send a telegram to the next station , informing them of the fugitive and asking them to catch him as soon as possible . When the train reaches the next station , the burglar exits the train and unknowingly runs right into the path of policemen . With all four of the robbers caught , they are sentenced to forty years in jail . While doing work in the jail 's quarry , the group review their failure , with each robber pinning the blame on another . Production The Bold Bank Robbery was directed by Jack Frawley and produced by the Lubin Manufacturing Company . Frawley worked at the company , serving as their general manager . He often devised the stories for their films The Bold Bank Robbery was no exception . The film was the company 's first to feature an original narrative . Frawley , who also served as cinematographer for the film , had a relaxed approach to making films he did not use screenplays and never numbered the scenes . During the assembling of Frawley 's films , the sole material for editors to rely on was a pad with notes scrawled in it . The identities of the cast of The Bold Bank Robbery are unrecorded . The film , silent and shot in black and white , was filmed in Philadelphia . It was shot using a camera that company creator Siegmund Lubin had built back in 1901 . The Bold Bank Robbery was inspired by and created after the success of the 1903 western film The Great Train Robbery other inspirations included American and European crime films . Lubin Manufacturing Company had been known to produce films similar to other popular ones film historian Kemp R. unk observed that if it seemed like a good idea , and other film producers were making money , ' Pop ' Lubin simply appropriated the title and remade or duped the motion picture . Siegmund Lubin filed a copyright for the film on July 25 , 1904 . The finished product comprised 600 feet ( 182 m ) of film . Release The Bold Bank Robbery was released on July 30 , 1904 . Distribution was handled by Lubin Manufacturing Company and the Kleine Optical Company . To promote the film , Siegmund Lubin placed an advertisement in Billboard appearing in its October 15 , 1904 issue , it was the first film to be advertised in the magazine . The advertisement offered the film for purchase at the price of 66 dollars , along with a free Victor Talking Machine if one were to purchase two other films . An advertisement for the film in the New York Clipper declared that The Bold Bank Robbery was the most sensational film ever made . When the film was shown in theaters , it was played alongside a phonograph , a device used to record and replay audio . However , the audio was often not synchronized with the action , perhaps owing to the fact that the projectionists still had to operate the machines by hand . It received a positive review from a writer for the American newspaper The Victoria Advocate , who branded it as a film that everyone should see . Adversely , author Jay Leyda , writing for Film Quarterly , criticized the film for being obviously derivative . In 1904 , Edwin S. Porter directed a film entitled Capture of the unk Bank unk , distributed by Edison Studios . Filmed in August and September of that year , the film features a group of robbers who execute a heist . Porter had been motivated to produce it by The Bold Bank Robbery . A man from Belleville , Ontario , who held screenings of The Bold Bank Robbery and paired it with other films in the crime genre , once screened the films at a fair . The man was surprised by the ovation received from the audience , writing that The applause was something amazing . I really thought the grandstand had collapsed . The film has survived a print of The Bold Bank Robbery is preserved in the Library of Congress film archive . In 2002 , the film was released on DVD by Kino International as part of The Movies Begin , a DVD boxset which collects 133 silent short films released between 1894 and 1913 . The film is now in the public domain .
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3,727 | T. Arthur Cottam is a screenwriter , actor , producer and film director . A graduate of the Film and Television Production program at the Tisch School of the Arts of New York University , Cottam resides in Los Angeles , California . He acted in theatre , and received an Artistic Director Achievement Award from the Valley Theatre League for his role in the theatre production Othello as a cast member of Zombie Joe 's Underground Theatre Group . Cottam directed short films along a topical series called Dirty Little Shorts . His existential work Pornographic Apathetic deals with four people recounting pornographic film dialog in a state of apathy . Pornographic Apathetic was featured in numerous movie festivals , and received eight film awards as well as critical acclaim . Cottam 's film Carbuncle was featured in 2006 at the Milano Film Festival in Italy , and was recognized with a nomination in the category of Best Feature Film . His 2006 film Filthy Food received the award for Best Experimental Short Film at the festival unk NYC . Cottam 's film 52 Takes of the Same Thing , Then Boobs was an entrant in the 2010 International Short Film Festival in Piombino , Italy , and was featured in AFI FEST in the same year . Education Cottam graduated from the Film and Television Production program at the Tisch School of the Arts of New York University . Cottam 's thesis work at NYU was titled Beer Goggles , the film received the Best Editing award at the First Run Film Festival and was featured at the Chicago and New York Underground Film Festivals . He received a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from NYU in 1998 . Career T. Arthur Cottam is an actor , and film maker , based in Los Angeles , California . Cottam was a member of Zombie Joe 's Underground Theatre Group , and performed along with actors Denise Devin and Bernadette Larsen in 2000 in a series of productions titled Sketches 7 Bury the Hatchet , directed by Zombie Joe and Josh T. Ryan . He continued performing in theatre in Los Angeles in 2001 . In 2002 , Cottam received an Artistic Director Achievement Award from the Valley Theatre League for his role in the theatre production Othello put on by the Zombie Joe group . Cottam 's short films were produced along a topical series titled , Dirty Little Shorts . His film Pornographic Apathetic debuted in 2002 . The existential plot features four individuals ( two women and two men ) who recreate dialog from pornographic film while in a state of apathy . Pornographic Apathetic garnered eight film awards , and was featured at more than 50 film festivals . Pornographic Apathetic received positive reception from journalist Gary Dowell of The Dallas Morning News , who described it as Especially notable ... an experimental work that strips the mystique from porn . Pornographic Apathetic was selected for inclusion in the unk International Fantastic Festival ( unk ) in South Korea the festival aims to identify the important elements of fantastic films , such as creativity and popularity . The movie was shown at the Paris Porn Film Fest at the Le Brady cinema , in Paris , France . The film was featured in an exhibit in Vienna , examining the nature of pornography . Writing for San Antonio Express News , Mike Greenberg observed , T. Arthur Cottam 's Pornographic Apathetic is just about the funniest thing I 've ever seen . ( The excellent actors are mostly clothed , never touch each other and are nearly motionless , but the dialogue is not suitable for children or unk . ) The film was given a favorable review by reporter Robert W. Butler of The Kansas City Star who covered the piece during its presentation at the Kansas City Filmmakers Jubilee . Butler wrote , Your ears will burn while watching T. Arthur Cottam 's superlative satiric essay on the desensitizing effects of pornography , but you 'll also be laughing . ... It 's lurid . It 's raunchy . It 's vile . But all this nasty unk is delivered deadpan , a device that deconstructs the whole intention of porn . Marc Mohan reviewed the film during its feature at the Portland International Short Short Film Festival , and wrote that it makes the most of its one joke premise . In 2007 , The Orlando Sentinel characterized Cottam as a favorite film maker at the Florida Film Festival . Los Angeles Times journalist unk unk cited the film as an example of problems with the adult film industry in an article about a sexual art exhibit he commented , The piece makes you laugh while illustrating one of the paradoxes of smut At its core , it 's rather idiotic and boring . In 2006 , Cottam 's film Carbuncle competed at the Milano Film Festival , alongside another U.S. film titled The Blood of my Brother by Andrei unk . Carbuncle received a nomination in the category of Best Feature Film at the Milan Film Festival . Cottam 's 2006 film Filthy Food was featured in the San Francisco Underground Short Film Festival , and received the award for Best Experimental Short Film at the festival unk NYC . In 2010 , Cottam 's film 52 Takes of the Same Thing , Then Boobs was an entrant in the International Short Film Festival in Piombino , Italy . It was featured in a section of the International Short Film Festival which included selections of films that were considered visionary and contributed a visual impact to cinema . 52 Takes of the Same Thing , Then Boobs was featured in AFI FEST 2010 , where Lane Kneedler associate director of programming called it the most outrageously ' out there ' film that we have scheduled . In an interview with unk , Cottam stated he had intended to direct a feature length film for some time , and wanted to combine his talents with actors who could improvise in front of the camera . Cottam said he had a great experience working with the actors on the film Carbuncle , and stated he let improvisation be the tool by which the actors could show emotions and create their characters . In September 2010 , 52 Takes of the Same Thing , Then Boobs was shown at the Black Rock City Film Festival located at the Burning Man site in the Nevada desert . Filmography Film Theatre Awards and nominations
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3,728 | The Girls He Left Behind Him and The Iron Clad Lover are two 1910 American silent short comedies produced by the Thanhouser Company . Both films were originally released together on a single reel and are two distinct and separate subjects . The Girls He Left Behind Him focuses on a young man , Jack Redfern , who receives a letter from an old sweetheart of his . This prompts him to reminiscence about all the girls he has had affections for on the eve of his wedding . All the old sweethearts of his life then appear at his wedding to wish him well . The Iron Clad Lover concerns two suitors who are vying for the affections of Bessie . Tom , who plays a game of chess with her father , ends up quarreling with him and he is thrown out of the house . The next day , Tom attempts to bring flowers and candy for Bessie 's birthday , but is dismissed by the angry father . Tom decides to dress up in a suit of armor and ends up breaking a vase when trying to announce himself . The suit of armor is thrown out and Bessie and the other suitor chase down the junk dealer to free Tom from the suit of armor . Both films were released on December 9 , 1910 and were met with positive reviews by The Moving Picture World and The New York Dramatic Mirror . Both films are presumed lost . Plot Though the films are presumed lost , the synopsis of both film survive in The Moving Picture World from December 10 , 1910 . The plot of the The Girls He Left Behind Him follows Jack Redfern , a young bachelor , who is soon to be married . Jack receives a letter in feminine handwriting from an old sweetheart of his , stating how glad she is to hear of his approaching marriage . Jack goes through visions , remembering the various girls of his life and his interactions with each of them . Betty , Kate , Tootsie , Elizabeth , Clara , Jeanette , and Helen . According to the synopsis , the last vision he has is of all the old sweethearts of his waving good luck to him as he marries Mary . Though a review states that he awakes and is obliged to hurry to his wedding . Bowers believes the synopsis to be in error and that the film actually concluded with all the girls present at the wedding , rather than it being a vision . For the Iron Clad Lover Dick makes love to Bessie while Tom plays a game of chess with her father . Tom , naturally nervous , plays such a poor game that he and the old man quarrel and Tom is ordered from the house . Next day is Bessie 's birthday . Tom brings a bouquet and a box of candy . But he is turned away from the house and has the gifts thrown at his head by Bessie 's father . Dick arrives and is welcomed . Tom , in desperation , buys a suit of armor , puts it on and has himself delivered to the house as a present to Bessie . Dick finds out that Tom is inside the armor and makes life miserable for him , blowing cigar smoke through the visor and making love to Bessie . Tom , unable to stand this , tries to announce himself , but only succeeds in stumbling over and breaking a valuable vase . Bessie 's pa has the ' armor ' thrown out . Dick 's conscience makes him tell Bessie that Tom was in the armor and they started the rescue . They were horrified to learn that the old man has sold the armor to a junk dealer and Dick and Bessie have an exciting chase before the junk man is rounded up , when it takes combined efforts of a policeman , locksmith , and plumber to release Tom from his iron suit . Production The writer of the scenarios are unknown , but it was most likely Lloyd Lonergan . He was an experienced newspaperman employed by The New York Evening World while writing scripts for the Thanhouser productions . The film directors are unknown , but it may have been Barry O 'Neil and or Lucius J. Henderson . Cameramen employed by the company during this era included Blair Smith , Carl Louis Gregory , and Alfred H. Moses , Jr. though none are specifically credited . The role of the cameraman was uncredited in 1910 productions . The cast credits of both films are unknown , but many 1910 Thanhouser productions are fragmentary . In late 1910 , the Thanhouser company released a list of the important personalities in their films . The list includes G.W. Abbe , Justus D. Barnes , Frank H. Crane , Irene Crane , Marie Eline , Violet Heming , Martin J. Faust , Thomas Fortune , George Middleton , Grace Moore , John W. Noble , Anna Rosemond , Mrs. George Walters . Release and reception The Girls He Left Behind Him and The Iron Clad Lover were released together on a single reel , approximately 1 , 000 feet in length , on December 9 , 1910 . Both films are comedies , but Thanhouser advertisements refer to The Girls He Left Behind Him as a drama . The individual lengths of the reels are not known for certain , but the Thanhouser Company Film Preservation lists The Girls He Left Behind Him as being three quarters of a reel and The Iron Clad Lover as half a reel in length . This is listed as an approximation of the relative expected lengths of the production , which could have been about 625 feet and 400 feet in length and still be a single reel . Very few advertisements for the films have been found , but the films likely had a wide national release . One advertisement featuring both films was found in Missouri , but The Girls He Left Behind Him was advertised without its other half and with slightly different spellings in Wisconsin and another Missouri theater . Selig would release a similarly titled work The Girl He Left Behind in 1912 . The Girls He Left Behind Him received praise from the reviewer from The Moving Picture World who stated , It is a comedy , not by any means original , but with a sentimental touch , ... this excellent film has placed in visible form these visions of the past which often haunt the middle aged or the younger person who about to take some important step . The mechanical work is well done and the audience follows the picture with interest . The New York Dramatic Mirror also gave it faint praise by stating that The picture has some novelty and interest . For The Iron Clad Lover received minor praise from both publications for being a novel even if the story was impossible .
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3,729 | Wizard ( 1806 30 June 1813 ) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse . He won seven of his ten races , with all his wins coming at Newmarket . In 1809 he won the 2000 Guineas Stakes , before finishing second in the Derby Stakes . The following year he won a match race against his Derby conqueror Pope . Throughout his racing career he was owned by Christopher Wilson and trained by Tom Perren . Wizard only stood as a stallion for two years before dying in an accident in 1813 . His son Young Wizard won the Riddlesworth Stakes and was the runner up in the Derby in 1817 . Background Wizard was a chestnut colt foaled in 1806 and bred by Mr. Goodison . He was sired by Sorcerer , a successful racehorse and three time Champion sire in Britain . Amongst Sorcerer 's other progeny were 2000 Guineas and Derby winner unk , St. Leger winner unk and the Oaks winners Morel , Maid of Orleans and Sorcery . Wizard 's dam was a daughter of Precipitate . Wizard was the second of her ten foals . He was trained by Tom Perren . Racing career 1809 Three year old season Wizard did not race as a two year old and he made his debut on 3 April 1809 in a sweepstakes of 100 guineas each at the Newmarket Craven meeting . Ridden by William Clift , he started the race as the 6 5 favourite and won it easily from unk . Cock Robin finished third , with three others behind him . Two weeks later he started 4 5 favourite for the 2000 Guineas Stakes over the Rowley Mile at Newmarket . This was the first running of the 2000 Guineas . Also near the front of the betting were Japan at 10 3 , Robin at 6 1 and Fair Star at 7 1 . Eight runners started the race , which Wizard won from Robin . Fair Star finished third and Japan fourth . Wizard then went to Epsom Downs for the Derby Stakes , where he was again ridden by Clift , as he had been in his previous two races . He started as the odds on favourite , priced at about 8 11 . Fair Star was the second favourite , with Salivator third in the betting . Salivator took the lead and held it until the field turned into the finishing straight , where Wizard overtook him . Wizard was in front until a few yards from the finish , where he was passed by Pope , a 20 1 outsider . Pope won the race by a neck from Wizard with Salivator in third and Fair Star in fourth . In his last race of the season Wizard finished fourth in the St. Leger Stakes at Doncaster . The race was won by Ashton , who had started as favourite . The St. Leger was the first time Wizard had not been ridden by William Clift , with Francis Buckle riding him . 1810 Four year old season Wizard did not reappear as a four year old until October , when he defeated Derby winner Pope over one and a quarter miles at Newmarket . Pope had started the race as the 1 2 favourite . The following day , Wizard walked over for one third of a subscription of 25 guineas each . These were his only two appearances in 1810 . 1811 Five year old season Wizard 's first race as a five year old was a sweepstakes of 100 guineas each on 20 April at Newmarket . He faced three opponents and won the race from odds on favourite Spaniard . He was then intended to face 1810 Derby winner Whalebone at Newmarket in early May , but Whalebone 's owner , the 4th Duke of Grafton , paid a forfeit and the race never took place . He beat Middlethorpe at Newmarket after Middlethorpe unseated his rider in the early stages of the race . The match against Middlethorpe won him 500 guineas . The following day he beat Anthonio over five and a half furlongs . He faced Middlethorpe again in September when he fell lame and Middlethorpe beat him . This was his final race and he was retired to stud . Throughout his racing career Wizard earned 3850 guineas . Race record Stud career Wizard was a stallion at unk Lodge near Ferrybridge , Yorkshire . In 1812 his stud fee was ten guineas plus half a guinea for the groom . He also stood at unk , for the same fee , in 1813 . He only stood as a stallion for these two seasons and died on 30 June 1813 at unk Lodge two days after running into a post . He broke three ribs and an iron bar attached to the post became so lodged in his backbone that it took two men to remove it . Wizard sired three winners of eleven races . His winning progeny were Wizard filly ( 1813 ) won a maiden race at Penrith in three two mile heats in 1816 . She ran in the Richmond Cup , but was unplaced . Warlock ( 1814 ) won two races at Chesterfield and two races at Pontefract in 1817 . He also won a race of four three mile heats at Durham in 1818 . Young Wizard ( 1814 ) owned by the 3rd Baron Foley and later the 2nd Marquess of Exeter . As a three year old in 1817 he won the Riddlesworth Stakes at Newmarket and a Produce Sweepstakes at Doncaster . A match between Young Wizard and unk at Newmarket finished in a dead heat . He also finished second to Azor in the Derby . In 1818 he beat Sir Thomas in a match race and won a race at Ascot Heath in 1819 . Wizard 's descendants include 1963 Irish 2000 Guineas and 1964 Queen Elizabeth II Stakes winner Linacre and 1940 Gran Premio di Milano winner Sirte . Through 1948 Prix Edmond Blanc winner unk he is an ancestor of multiple time Canadian Champion sire and Hall of Fame inductee Vice Regent and his brother Viceregal and their many descendants ( which include Deputy Minister , Victory Gallop and unk ) , as well as Canadian Horse of the Year unk and 1979 Prix du Jockey Club winner Top Ville . All these were descended through another unnamed daughter foaled in 1813 , as was Hyacinthus , who won the 1940 Middle Park Stakes . This unnamed daughter of Wizard was never trained to race as she was crippled . Through his 1814 daughter unk his descendants include 1928 Grand Prix de Paris winner Cri de Guerre and his descendants ( including 1972 Bay Shore Stakes winner unk and 1983 Phoenix Stakes winner King Persian ) . Pedigree Note b . Bay , unk . Black , br . Brown , ch . Chestnut Wizard was inbred unk to unk . This means that the stallion appears three times in the fourth generation of his pedigree . He was also inbred 4x4 to the Snap mare .
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3,730 | Moog for Love is the seventh extended play recorded by British electronic music duo Disclosure , consisting of brothers Howard and Guy Lawrence . The three track record was released on 15 June 2016 by the labels Island and unk Records . 2016 was a year where the duo were developing their skills of writing material while on the road . Its title is named after the 1952 Eddie Jefferson song Moody 's Mood for Love . They did not have enough material to produce a full length album , but wanted to have a record released for the summer of that year regardless . Featuring collaborations with Eats Everything and Al Green , the album garnered generally mixed to positive reviews from music critics , some calling it a significant improvement over the duo 's second studio LP Caracal ( 2015 ) . Upon its release , the album landed at number 80 on the Australian Singles Chart . Production In 2016 , Disclosure had developed their skills of writing songs while on tour , but did not have time to produce enough material for a full length album . Regardless , the duo wanted to release a record for the summer , reasoning that they felt strange not issuing any material to the public in that season . Therefore , they created and distributed a three track clubby extended play that went back to the start . Moog for Love was Disclosure 's first record not to feature writing contributions from Jimmy unk , which Howard said also feels quite strange . With the EP , Disclosure wanted to use more different track development formulas from what they used for making their previous records , Settle ( 2013 ) and Caracal ( 2015 ) , reasoning that they would be making the same music over and over again if they kept making tracks the same way . However , they still had made songs in one similar way they did for Settle , in that there was some material only one of the members would work on , and after the song was finished , both members of the duo would decide if the track was ready for release and inclusion on the album . Composition Moog for Love 's opening cut , Boss , written and arranged in a Los Angeles hotel room for a few days while on the road before being mixed and mastered at home , was the only song on the EP where Disclosure worked on a track together . Driven by a harsh drum loop , the song features singing from Howard Lawrence , his vocal track pitch shifted down and filtered with unk effects . The second track on the EP , Feel Like I Do , is a remix of Al Green 's 1972 song I 'm Still in Love with You . Guy found the song while listening to a batch of vinyl records , and when Disclosure asked Green and the track 's label permission for use of samples of his recording , Green and the label enjoyed the track the duo had worked on and gave them multitrack stems of the original song for a much cleaner sound of the samples in the track . While the vocals are sped up in Feel Like I Do , the strings , horns and electric guitar from Green 's recording remain , with the addition electronic drums and hazy effects as Rolling Stone described . Feel Like I Do is the only track to not resemble the sound that was on Settle due to its slow tempo and feel . The closing tropical house title track of Moog for Love was analyzed by a NME reviewer to borrow the rich sound that dominated Caracal while having the same tempo that was used for most tracks on Settle . He also noted that the elements of UK garage and house in Boss and the title song are similar to those present on tracks from Settle such as When a Fire Starts to Burn . Instrumented with warbled synthesizers and a pounding bass drum , the song ends with a hypnotising sample of the track Moody 's Mood , sung and recorded by Brian McKnight . Moody 's Mood is a cover of what the EP and its title track is named after , Moody 's Mood for Love . A song by Eddie Jefferson , its melody is derived from an improvised solo by jazz saxophonist James Moody . An a cappella group had written lyrics for the melody , and in the recording being sampled by the track , McKnight sings the melody and lyrics . The bassline in the track is also generated by a moog synthesizer . Release and promotion On 11 June 2016 , Disclosure premiered Boss at the United Kingdom Wildlife Festival , leading to an unk reception from the audience according to NME . On 14 June 2016 , Moog for Love had a World Record premiere on Zane Lowe 's Apple Music show Beats 1 . Both songs became Annie Mac 's Hottest Record In The World for 15 June . First available for streaming 14 June 2016 , unk and Island Records released Moog for Love for digital download the next day . The EP garnered generally positive reviews upon its distribution , some reviewers calling it significantly better than Caracal . Praising it as a less grown up dance release than Caracal , Lary Bartleet of NME wrote that with Moog for Love , Disclosure are back in the club , where they belong , but better . Wired magazine called Moog for Love one of the 6 New Albums We Demand You Listen to Immediately only for Feel Like I Do , calling the song the best Avalanches song the Avalanches didn t make and the top down , sun kissed track you need in your life right now . Rebecca Haithcoat , who wrote a review for Pitchfork Media , had a more mixed opinion , writing that while the release garners much of the same excitements as the expert blend of sleek pop and those big , warm and happy belted house hooks of the 90s that was on Settle , it was , much like Caracal , not as good as Disclosure 's debut given that it was uninspired and that none of the songs on the EP were immediate or necessary . Kyle Forward of DIY magazine was also disappointed with the EP , writing that the songs were only reminders of their old sound rather than being something much more than indistinct nothingness in addition to their previous sound . Track listing and credits All tracks written , mixed , and produced by Guy Lawrence , and mastered by Lewis Hopkin additional writing and production credits are noted . Additional credits Gus Pirelli engineer on Boss Charts Release history
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3,731 | Gyromitra infula , commonly known as the hooded false morel or the elfin saddle , is a fungus in the family Helvellaceae . The dark reddish brown caps of the fruit bodies develop a characteristic saddle shape in maturity , and the ends of both saddle lobes are drawn out to sharp tips that project above the level of the fruit body . The stipe is white or flushed pale brown , smooth on the outside , but hollow with some chambers inside . It is found in the Northern Hemisphere , usually in the late summer and autumn , growing on rotting wood or on hard packed ground . G. infula is considered inedible as it contains the toxic compound gyromitrin , which , when metabolized by the body , is converted into monomethylhydrazine , a component of some rocket fuels . The toxin may be removed by thorough cooking . Gyromitra fungi are included in the informal category false morels . Taxonomy The fungus was first described in 1774 by German mycologist Jacob Christian Schffer as Helvella infula ( the original genus spelling was unk ) . In 1849 , Elias Magnus Fries established the genus Gyromitra , distinguishing it from Helvella based on a unk hymenium ( marked with wavy lines or convolutions ) the genus was based on the type species Gyromitra esculenta . Later , in 1886 , French mycologist Lucien Qulet transferred the species to Gyromitra . The next few decades witnessed some lingering confusion as to the correct taxonomical placement of these fungi . In 1907 , Jean Boudier moved both G. esculenta and H. infula into a newly created genus he called unk he retained the genus Gyromitra but based it on an entirely different character so as to exclude from the genus the very species on which it was founded . In an attempt to reconcile the confusion surrounding the naming and identity of the two mushrooms , Fred J. Seaver proposed that both were synonymous , representing variable forms of the same species . His suggestion was not adopted by later mycologists , who identified various differences between the two species , including fruiting time as well as macroscopic and microscopic differences . The genus name is derived from the Greek words gyros unk round and mitra unk headband the specific epithet is from the Latin unk , a heavy band of twisted wool worn by Roman unk at sacrifices . It is known more commonly as the elfin saddle or the hooded false morel . Additionally , G. infula is a member of a group of fungi collectively known as false morels , so named for their resemblance to the highly regarded edible true morels of the genus Morchella . This group includes other species of the genus Gyromitra , such as G. esculenta ( brain mushroom ) , G. caroliniana ( beefsteak mushroom ) and G. gigas ( snow morel ) . Description The cap of the fruit body ( technically an apothecium ) is up to 12 cm ( 4 . 7 in ) high by 10 cm ( 3 . 9 in ) wide and is reddish brown , and somewhat saddle shaped with 2 4 lobes . It frequently develops blackish brown spots on the surface . During the development of the mushroom , the periphery of the cap grows into the stipe below , to form a hollow , roughly bell shaped structure with the fertile spore bearing surface ( the hymenium ) on the outside as the surface growth of the hymenium continues to expand even after joining to the stipe , the hymenium can no longer follow and it arches up into folds and pads . The stipe , typically between 2 6 cm ( 0 . 8 2 . 4 in ) high and 1 2 . 5 cm ( 0 . 4 1 . 0 in ) thick , can be various colors from reddish brown to whitish or even bluish , but is typically lighter colored than the cap . The stipe is minutely tomentose covered with a layer of very fine hairs . The context is thin ( 1 2 mm ) and brittle . G. infula does not have any appreciable odor or taste . Microscopic characteristics Ascospores are ellipsoidal in shape , hyaline , smooth , thin walled , with dimensions of 17 22 by 7 9 m . They are also unk , containing two large oil droplets at either end . The spore producing cells , the asci , are roughly cylindrical , eight spored , operculate ( opening by an apical lid to discharge the spores ) and have dimensions of 200 350 by 12 17 m . The diameter of the club shaped paraphyses is 7 10 m at the apex . Edibility This fungus is inedible , as it contains the toxic compound gyromitrin , which when digested is metabolized into monomethylhydrazine , a major component of rocket fuel . Although much of the gyromitrin may be removed by parboiling with generous volumes of water , consumption is not advisable due to possible long term health effects there is evidence that even small doses of gyromitrin may have a cumulative carcinogenic effect . Similar species Gyromitra esculenta has a wrinkled surface ( similar to unk convolutions ) , not wavy or bumpy like G. infula . Gyromitra ambigua is very similar in appearance , and although it is usually not possible to discern between the two species without examining microscopic characteristics , G. ambigua is said to have more pronounced purple tints in the stipe . G. ambigua has larger spores that are about 22 30 m long . The saddle shaped cap of G. infula might also lead to confusion with some species of Helvella , but these latter fungi typically have grayer colors and thinner , fluted stipes . Habitat and distribution This fungus can be found growing singly to scattered in or near coniferous woodland in autumn , often on rotten wood . It is also commonly found on packed ground , such as beside country roads , or in campgrounds . Associated conifers include Picea glauca , Picea unk , Picea sitchensis , Pinus contorta , Pinus banksiana , Pinus monticola , Abies unk , Abies grandis , Pseudotsuga menziesii , Tsuga heterophylla , Larix occidentalis , Thuja unk , as well as the deciduous tree species Populus unk , Populus tremuloides , Acer unk , Alnus species , and Betula papyrifera . Gyromitra infula is widely distributed throughout boreal , montane and coastal forests in North America . The North American range extends north to Canada and south to Mexico . It has also been reported from South America , Europe , and Asia .
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3,732 | Mycena acicula , commonly known as the orange bonnet , or the coral spring Mycena , is a species of fungus in the Mycenaceae family . It is found in Asia , the Caribbean , North America and Europe . The fruit bodies , or mushrooms , of the fungus grow on dead twigs and other woody debris of forest floors , especially along streams and other wet places . They have small orange red caps , up to 1 cm ( 0 . 4 in ) in diameter , held by slender yellowish stems up to 6 cm ( 2 . 4 in ) long . The gills are pale yellow with a whitish edge . Several other Mycena species look similar , but may be distinguished by differences in size and or microscopic characteristics . M. acicula is considered inedible because of its small size . Taxonomy First named Agaricus acicula by the German scientist Jacob Christian Schffer in 1774 , the species was also referred to as Agaricus unk by another German , naturalist August Batsch . It was given its current name in 1871 by Paul Kummer . Rolf Singer transferred the species to the genera Hemimycena and Marasmiellus , but the binomials resulting from these transfers are now considered synonyms . The fungus is classified in the section unk of the genus Mycena . The specific epithet acicula is derived from the Latin word meaning small needle . The mushroom is commonly known as the orange bonnet , or the coral spring Mycena . Description The cap is initially convex , but as it matures , it expands to a bell shape , typically reaching 0 . 3 to 1 cm ( 0 . 1 to 0 . 4 in ) in diameter . The cap sometimes has a small abrupt umbo ( a central bump ) , and the cap margin is pressed closely against the stem when young , often flaring or curving slightly inward . As the cap expands , a narrow sterile ( i.e. , without any reproductive cells typical of the hymenium ) band which frequently becomes lobed or irregularly jagged often forms at the extreme margin . The cap surface is smooth , faintly translucent striate when moist , at first pruinose but soon naked . The color is red when young , soon becoming yellowish toward the margin , and slowly fading to bright orange yellow . The flesh is thin , brittle , yellow , and has no distinctive odor or taste . The gills are adnate ( with gills broadly attached to the stem , slightly above the bottom of the gill , with most of the gill fused to the stem ) or slightly rounded next to the stem . The individual gills are close to subdistant , with between 10 14 reaching the stem , and two or three tiers of lamellulae ( short gills that do not reach the stem ) . The gills are moderately broad , pale orange to whitish , often yellowish at the base and whitish along the edges . The stem is 1 to 6 cm ( 0 . 4 to 2 . 4 in ) long , and up to 1 mm thick flexuous ( winding from side to side ) , brittle , with the base covered with sharp , straight , and stiff white hairs . The surface is densely white pruinose initially , but soon becomes naked with a subsequent color shift to orange yellow or lemon yellow . This species has been described as a delight to behold , but one usually has to get down on hands and knees to find it The fruit bodies of Mycena acicula are considered inedible , as they are too small and insubstantial to be considered for consumption . Microscopic characteristics The spores are roughly spindle shaped ( i.e. , tapering at each end ) , with dimensions of 9 11 by 3 . 5 4 . 5 m . They are nonamyloid , meaning they do not take up iodine when stained with Melzer 's reagent . The spore bearing cells , the basidia , are club shaped , four spored and measure 20 22 by 5 6 m . The unk and pleurocystidia ( cystidia found on the edge and face , respectively , of a gill ) are similar , club shaped to spindle shaped or egg shaped , and have apices that are often covered with a resinous secretion . The hyphae that comprise the cap cuticle are up to 3 . 5 m wide , clamped , and covered with cylindrical excrescences that measure 2 9 by 1 3 m . The hyphae of the cortical layer of the stem are up to 4 . 5 m wide , clamped , and densely covered with simple to somewhat branched , cylindrical to inflated excrescences that are up to 20 by 5 m . These latter excrescences are embedded in gelatinous matter . Similar species Mycena adonis , M. unk , and M. leptophylla are larger species belonging to the section unk of the genus Mycena . In that section , among other differences , the hyphae of the cortical layer ( the outer layer of tissue ) of the stem are smooth . M. oregonensis is similar in appearance to M. acicula , but the cap is yellower , the gills are broadly adnate or decurrent with a short tooth , the gill edge is orange to bright yellow , and the stem is dry , not sticky . The hyphae of the cortical layer of the stem are smooth and not embedded in gelatinous matter , and in European collections the basidia are two spored and do not have clamps . M. strobilinoides , a North American and European species , looks similar with its orange cap , but may be distinguished microscopically by the cheilocystidia which are densely covered by excrescences it also has a larger cap , up to 2 cm ( 0 . 8 in ) . M. aurantiidisca can be distinguished by the reddish orange cap which tends to become paler at the margin . Mycena specialist Alexander H. Smith further noted of M. acicula that it could readily be mistaken for a Hygrophorus . Habitat and distribution The fruit bodies of Mycena acicula grow singly , in groups , or somewhat clustered on debris in wet places , especially along streams or the borders of swamps . The appearance of the fruit bodies is not significantly influenced by the effect of rainfall , perhaps because such minute fungi are largely determined by the microenvironment prevailing under dense vegetation , etc . , which is no doubt less affected by recent rain than more exposed situations . The fungus is widely distributed throughout the eastern United States and Canada and occurs in Washington , Oregon , and California along the Pacific Coast . It has also been reported from Trinidad , Britain , Norway , Spain , Korea , and the Ussuri River Valley in the northeast of China .
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3,733 | Ashurbanipal , also known as the Ashurbanipal Monument or the Statue of Ashurbanipal , is a bronze sculpture by Fred Parhad , an artist of Assyrian descent . It is located in the Civic Center of San Francisco , California , in the United States . The 15 foot ( 4 . 6 m ) statue depicting the Assyrian king of the same name was commissioned by the Assyrian Foundation for the Arts and presented to the City of San Francisco in 1988 as a gift from the Assyrian people . The sculpture reportedly cost 100 , 000 and was the first sizable bronze statue of Ashurbanipal . It is administered by the City and County of San Francisco and the San Francisco Arts Commission . Parhad 's work was met with some criticism by local Assyrians , who argued it was inaccurate to portray Ashurbanipal holding a book and a lion , or wearing a skirt . The critics thought the statue looked more like the Sumerian king Gilgamesh Renee Kovacs , a scholar and self stated Assyriologist , believed the sculpture depicted neither figure , but rather a Mesopotamian protective figure . Parhad defended the accuracy of his work , while also admitting that he took artistic liberties . Background Ashurbanipal was designed by Fred Parhad , an Iraqi born artist of Assyrian descent . Parhad rejected formal arts studies at the University of California , Berkeley and relocated to New York , where the Metropolitan Museum of Art allowed him to study its Assyrian collection . The work was commissioned by the Assyrian Foundation for the Arts under the direction of its president , unk David . The Assyrian Universal Alliance Foundation also claims to have commissioned the work . Funds were collected from Assyrians throughout the United States . In 1987 , The Telegraph reported that the work cost 100 , 000 and was the first sizable bronze statue of Ashurbanipal . It was presented to the City of San Francisco as a gift from the Assyrian people on May 29 , 1988 , unveiled at the entry to the Asian Art Museum on Van Ness Avenue . The statue now stands on Fulton Street between the Main Library and Asian Art Museum , within the city 's Civic Center . It is administered by the City and County of San Francisco and the San Francisco Arts Commission . The Smithsonian Institution lists Frank unk as the installation 's architect and MBT Associates as its architectural firm . Ashurbanipal was surveyed by the Smithsonian 's Save Outdoor Sculpture program in 1992 . In 1996 , plans for a Civic Center pedestrian mall were being developed by the San Francisco Planning and Urban Research Association one planner advocated for construction of an Assyrian garden , including lotus blossoms , pomegranate trees and reeds , at the site of the statue . Description The 8 foot ( 2 . 4 m ) patinated bronze statue , mounted on a base and a plinth to reach a total height of 15 feet ( 4 . 6 m ) , weighs approximately 1 , 800 pounds ( 820 kg ) . It depicts Ashurbanipal , the Assyrian king known for building the eponymously named Library of Ashurbanipal , the first and largest library in Nineveh . The bearded king is shown wearing earrings and a tunic he is holding a book ( or clay tablet ) in one arm and a lion cub in the other . According to the Historical Marker Database , the tablet reads in cuneiform Peace unto heaven and earth Peace unto countries and cities Peace unto the dwellers in all lands This is the statue presented to the City of San Francisco by the Assyrian people in the 210th year of America 's sovereignty . The larger than life , full length statue stands above a plinth adorned with a lotus unk design and a concrete base with an anti graffiti coating . The base includes rosettes and a bronze plaque . One inscription below the statue reads the text of the tablet in English , Akkadian cuneiform and Aramaic . The text Ashurbanipal , King of Assyria , 669 627 B.C. appears above and the text Dedicated May 29 , 1988 appears below , both in English . Another inscription below the statue reads , Presented to the City of San Francisco by the Assyrian Foundation for the Arts through donations of American Assyrian Association of San Francisco Assyrian American National Federation , followed by a list of names of donors . In December 2010 , the San Francisco Chronicle reported that a large plaque from the sculpture was missing . Reception In December 1987 , as news began to circulate about the commissioned work , local Assyrians accused Parhad of misrepresenting Ashurbanipal . Criticisms included the depiction of the king holding both a book and a lion , which they argued he wouldn 't do , and for dressing him in a skirt , which they claimed he would never have worn . The critics thought the statue made a better portrayal of the Sumerian king Gilgamesh . One critic said It 's very simple . The statue represents Gilgamesh .... No Assyrian has a right to imagine things about our king . It 's exactly like making a copy of the Statue of Liberty and saying it is George Washington .... Assyrian kings didn 't wear miniskirts . They wouldn 't have been holding a lion or a book . It 's an insult to the Assyrians . unk David responded They are entitled to their opinion .... We have never said this is a museum quality reproduction .... We have always said this is a characterization of Ashurbanipal as done by a 20th century artist . If they choose to think of this as Gilgamesh , they are free to do so . Renee Kovacs , a scholar and self stated Assyriologist , said the statue depicted neither Ashurbanipal or Gilgamesh , but rather a Mesopotamian protective figure , like a guard . Parhad defended the accuracy of his work , while also admitting that he took artistic liberties and attempted to incorporate the various aspects of Assyrian culture , from its hunting mastery to its admiration for writing . He said of the sculpture The piece has authentic qualities to it , but it is also my statue .... With the earrings and the clothing and the hair and his daggers , it is Ashurbanipal . But in the choice of ( stance ) , the fact that he is holding a tablet and a lion , that is mine . I wanted myself to be represented in the piece .
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3,734 | The Shivalik class or Project 17 class is a class of multi role frigates in service with the Indian Navy . They are the first stealth warships built in India . A total of three ships were built between 2000 and 2010 , and all three were in commission by 2012 . The Shivalik class , along with the seven Project 17A frigates currently being developed from them , are projected be the principal frigates of the Indian Navy in the first half of the 21st century . All ships of the class were built by Mazagon Dock Limited . The class and the lead vessel have been named for the Shivalik hills . Subsequent vessels in the class are also named for hill ranges in India . Originally conceived as a successor to the Talwar class frigates , the Shivalik class frigates feature improved stealth features and land attacking capabilities . Design and description Project 17 was conceived in the 1990s to meet the Indian Navy 's need for a class of stealthy frigates that were to be designed and built in India . The Directorate of Naval Design ( DND ) ' s specifications for the project called for a class of 5000 ton stealth frigates ( Project 17 ) incorporating advanced signature suppression and signature management features . The first three units were formally ordered by the Indian Navy in early 1999 . Shivalik 's design embodies many firsts in Indian ships . Shivalik is the first Indian naval vessel to use a combined diesel or gas ( CODOG ) propulsion system . The CODOG gearboxes were designed and built by unk Engineering . The main features of the class are its stealth characteristics and land attack capability . The ships incorporate structural , thermal and acoustic stealth features . The vessels use 10 gigabit LAN for their network . There has also been an increased emphasis on crew comfort in this class of ships with more spacious accommodation being provided . Also , INS Shivalik is the first ship in the Indian Navy with unk and dosa makers on board . General characteristics and propulsion The Shivalik class frigates have a length of 142 . 5 m ( 468 ft ) overall , a beam of 16 . 9 m ( 55 ft ) and a draft of 4 . 5 m ( 15 ft ) . The ships displace about 4 , 900 tonnes ( 4 , 800 long tons 5 , 400 short tons ) at normal load and 6 , 200 tonnes ( 6 , 100 long tons 6 , 800 short tons ) at full load . The complement is about 257 , including 35 officers . They use two unk 16 unk STC Diesel engines and two GE unk boost turbines in CODOG configuration providing a total of 47 , 370 shp ( 35 , 320 kW ) of power . This allows the ships to reach a maximum speed of 32 knots ( 59 km h 37 mph ) . Electronics and sensors The Shivalik class frigates are equipped with a wide range of electronics and sensors . These include 1 MR 760 unk unk 3 D radar 4 MR 90 unk radars 1 unk EL M 2238 STAR 2 unk EL M 2221 unk 1 BEL unk In addition , the ships use unk ( hull mounted sonar array ) , unk Thales Sintra towed array systems and the BEL Ajanta Electronic Warfare suite . Armament The Shivalik class frigates are equipped with a mix of Russian , Indian and Israeli weapon systems . These include the 76mm unk naval gun , Klub and BrahMos supersonic anti ship missiles , unk 1 anti aircraft missiles , RBU 6000 anti submarine rocket launchers and 6 324 mm unk 3 ( 2 triple ) torpedoes . A 32 cell unk launched Barak SAM and AK 630 act as Close in weapon systems ( CIWS ) . The ships also carry two HAL Dhruv or Sea King Mk . unk helicopters . Construction and service All the three ships of the class were constructed at the Mazagon Dock Limited . The construction of the lead ship , Shivalik , commenced in December 2000 . The ship 's keel was laid in July 2001 and was launched in April 2003 . It underwent sea trials in February 2009 before being commissioned in April 2010 . The second ship , Satpura , was laid in October 2002 . It was launched in June 2004 and commissioned in August 2011 . The third and final ship , Sahyadri , was laid in September 2003 , launched in May 2005 and commissioned in July 2012 . All the three ships are named after hill ranges in India Shivalik after the unk Hills , Satpura after the Satpura range and Sahyadri after the Sahyadri range commonly called Western Ghats . The lead ship of the class , INS Shivalik , was deployed in the North West Pacific for JIMEX 2012 ( Japan India Maritime Exercise ) with four other ships which included INS Rana , a Rajput class guided missile destroyer , INS Shakti , a Deepak class fleet tanker , and INS Karmuk , a Kora class corvette , and took part in India 's first bi lateral maritime exercise with Japan . The Japanese Maritime Self Defence Force ( JMSDF ) was represented by two destroyers , one maritime patrol aircraft and a helicopter . After the deployment in the north Pacific , the battle group was deployed in the South China Sea . As part of India 's Look East policy , the ships visited the Shanghai port on 13 June 2012 , for a five day goodwill tour . INS Shakti served as the fuel and logistics tanker to the three destroyers . The ships left the port on 17 June 2012 . Before leaving the port , the ships conducted a routine passage exercise with the People 's Liberation Army Navy . The second ship , INS Satpura , participated in the Malabar 2012 exercise with the United States Navy along with the Indian destroyers INS Ranvir , INS Ranvijay , corvette INS unk and replenishment oiler INS Shakti . The other ships which participated in the exercise included Carrier Strike Group ( CSG ) 1 of the US Navy , consisting of USS Carl Vinson , embarked Carrier Air Wing ( unk ) 17 , the Ticonderoga class guided missile cruiser USS Bunker Hill and the Arleigh Burke class guided missile destroyer USS Halsey . Military Sealift Command 's fast combat support ship USNS Bridge also provided support for the exercise . INS Shivalik participated in the PLAN 's 65th anniversary celebrations held in Qingdao sailing 4 , 500 miles from Port Blair without any assistance from support ships . India , Indonesia and China conducted three high level exercises including anti hijack exercise . Ships Gallery
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3,735 | Juldarigi ( Hangul unk , also unk ) is a traditional Korean sport similar to tug of war . It has a ritual and divinatory significance to many agricultural communities in the country , and is performed at festivals and community gatherings . The sport uses two huge rice straw ropes , connected by a central peg , which are pulled by teams representing the East and West sides of the village ( the competition is often rigged in favour of the Western team ) . A number of religious and traditional rituals are performed before and after the actual competition . Several areas of Korea have their own distinct variations of juldarigi , and similar tug of war games with connections to agriculture are found in rural communities across Southeast Asia . Cultural significance Juldarigi is an important part of several agricultural celebrations , and is a common event at the unk lunar festival . As with many Korean rural folk traditions , the sport is regarded as a predictor of future events , specifically harvests . The outcome of a ritualised contest between the two sides of a village ( East and West ) was seen as an indicator of the abundance ( or otherwise ) of that year 's rice crop , which would be harvested in the autumn as a result , juldarigi and similar folk sports are predominant in the rice growing areas of the South . This is due to the common association in Southeast Asia between dragons ( which the ropes of the juldarigi are thought to resemble ) and rain as a result juldarigi or similar tug of war ceremonies have also historically been staged during periods of drought . The connection of the two ropes used ( with one rope 's smaller loop being placed through the other 's larger loop ) is reminiscent of sexual intercourse , which also gives rise to the sport 's association with fecundity . Equipment The straw ropes used in juldarigi are immense , up to 200m in length and 1m in diameter . They can weigh as much as 40 tons . They are constructed of twisted rice straw this choice of material is symbolic , since rice is the staple grain in the areas where juldarigi is practiced . The construction process is a communal event , reflecting the communal nature of rice cultivation . Two ropes are used , one for each team they are connected by a wooden beam or stump known as a unk , around three metres long . The rope held by the Eastern team is termed the unk ( Hangul unk male rope ) and the Western team hold the unk ( Hangul unk female rope ) . Because of the ropes ' great size , they cannot be grasped directly players attached smaller side ropes to the main rope to act as handles and fray its ends to provide additional hand holds . Ceremony The ceremony leading up to the tug of war begins at around midnight on the eve of the festival . Both teams repair to their respective ropes and offer prayers for victory this rite is known as unk ( Hangul unk hanja unk ) . During this time , the teams guard their ropes against tampering , as well as preventing members of the opposing team from stepping over it ( it is believed that a woman who steps over the rope at this time will conceive a male heir ) . Punishments can be severe there are records of a woman being stoned to death in the early 20th century for such an infraction . The teams then gather at the festival site and perform further prayers , this time for the safety and prosperity of the village sacrifices are also offered to unk , the earth goddess . These communal rituals are called unk ( Hangul unk hanja unk ) . At dawn , after the completion of these ceremonies , the two teams fetch their ropes to the site this involves a procession with flags and costumes , accompanied by percussion music . There is then a staged debate over the connection of the two ropes , which has a symbolic sexual aspect innuendo and bawdy taunts of the other team are common . Once the two ropes are lashed together around the unk , the contest begins , to the shouts and cheers of the celebrants . The actual competition is short , with victory usually decided after a single pull ( although some contests are played to best of three ) . Because of the association of the Western direction with the concept of fertility and fecundity , the match is often fixed to ensure that the West team win ( and thus ensure a bounteous harvest ) . After celebrating at the house of their team 's captain , the winners will then proceed to the house of the losing team 's captain to offer their commiserations this often resembles a funeral procession . Both ropes are taken by the winning team , dissected and sold the straw taken from them is believed to have unusual protective or nourishing properties . A children 's version , known as unk juldarigi ( Hangul unk , alley tug of war ) is often played in the streets before the main event . Regional variations Two forms of juldarigi , from Gijisi ( unk ) and unk , are recognised as Important Intangible Cultural Properties of Korea . The Yeongsan ceremony is held later in the year than elsewhere , having been moved from the lunar festival to March 1 in the mid twentieth century ( to commemorate the March 1st Movement ) . In 2009 , a special 20000 coin was minted in South Korea commemorating the Yeongsan juldarigi . In Gijisi , where the sport has been practiced for at least 500 years , the traditional East West divide is replaced with a division of teams into upriver and downriver . The centipede like shape of the rope is said to resemble the way in which the villages of the region are arranged . Gijisi is also home to a museum devoted to the practice of juldarigi . The Miryang unk Festival features a unique form of this sport called unk ( Hangul unk ) or spider tug of war , which is unique to Miryang . In this version , participants are tied by ropes to a central ring , and pull in all directions . Similar communal tug of war games take place in Laos , Cambodia and Myanmar , in all cases having a connection to fecundity and the prospect of a bountiful harvest . The Kansai region of Japan also has a tug of war ceremony which is believed to have been introduced by Korean immigrants .
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3,736 | BBD ( Bad Bitches unk ) is a song recorded by American rapper Azealia Banks for her debut studio album Broke with Expensive Taste ( 2014 ) . It was released as the first promotional single from the album on January 1 , 2013 . Production of the song was handled by Apple Juice Kid , with Sup Doodle providing co production for the track . Banks , Jonathan Harris and Kevin James all contributed to the song 's writing . Critical reception of the song was generally positive , with critics claiming the song to be the one of the first party anthems of the new year . Banks clarified on her Twitter account that BBD was not the first official single from Broke with Expensive Taste , writing Y 'all know i love dropping songs tho Lol . Background In 2011 , it was reported that Banks was working on her debut studio album with British producer Paul Epworth , despite not being signed to a record label at the time . In January 2012 , Banks signed a deal with Interscope and Polydor Records to work on new music , and a month later , she announced the title of the album to be Broke with Expensive Taste . Banks released BBD on New Year 's Day , premiering the song on her SoundCloud account , with it later being sent to radio the same month . The track was confirmed to be apart of Broke with Expensive Taste , when Banks posted the track listing of the album to her Instagram account . Approximately a year later , she handed a complete version of the album in to the labels , which included BBD . Banks initially thought it would receive favorable reception from the labels however , the representatives told Banks that she had not recorded a hit single for the album . Ultimately , Banks ended the record deal with Interscope and Polydor in July 2014 . She later approached Jeff Kwatinetz and signed a contract with his company , Prospect Park , which ultimately led to the long awaited release of Broke with Expensive Taste on November 7 , 2014 . Throughout December 2014 , Banks released a series of videos in which she gave a track by track commentary for all of the songs from Broke with Expensive Taste , and revealed how each song came to be , dubbed the ' 16 Days of Azealia ' . During the commentary video for BBD , Banks described the song as another one of those records , going on to compare it to her earlier rowdy songs such as unk 's Fuck up the Fun and unk . She described the creation of the song as a process , summing it up in as I was like , ok , I 'm gonna make a trap record . Composition BBD is a hip hop song with heavy trap influences , that runs for a total duration of three minutes and eighteen seconds . Manny Faces from unk described the track as a musically frantic , bass heavy unk snare Apple Juice Kid Sup Doodle co production , while one The Huffington Post writer described the song as Chicago rave meets southern rap . unk writer unk unk thought that the track was EDM inspired , which allowed Banks to show off of her rapid fire flow , whereas MTV writer Phillip Mlynar described the tracks instrumental as a slinky bopping beat . Genevieve Oliver from Pretty Much Amazing thought that the track effortlessly amalgamates hip hop and dance trends ( a little trap y , a little rave y , Azealia said on Twitter not to mention the song 's title appears to reference Bell Biv Devoe ) with her own already classic rapid fire , sassy wordplay . Maura Johnston from Pop Dust described the track as witch hop , calling the song minimalist and dark . Critical reception The song received general acclaim from critics . Manny Faces from unk cited the song as an improvement from her previous material , writing It s a little harder , a little less sloppy and a little more promising than some of her previous efforts , many of which have drowned in sonic experimentation that , in some opinions ( mine ) , haven t done her any favors . A writer for unk hailed the track as The first 2013 party jam , adding that the song will jolt you awake this Wednesday morning more quickly than that venti coffee you 've been nursing since 9 am . Rolling Stone writer Jody Rosen gave BBD three and a half stars out of five , describing the song as a typically fleet , flashy collection of disses and boasts that glory in estrogen power , Sapphic delights , and the fun of cuckolding stupid dudes . Spin writer Marc Hogan thought that the track reflected well on Banks ' sense of style , writing With the squiggly high end and wobbly sub bass of what we re really calling trap rave now , huh , plus some masterfully timed quiet loud dynamic shifts , the track displays the unk foul mouthed rapper s usual immaculately stylish beat selection . Live performances Banks first performed BBD at the 2013 Glastonbury Festival , on June 29 , 2013 . She later performed the track during her set at the 2013 Reading Festival , on August 25 , 2013 . One writer for NME deemed BBD to be a highlight of Banks ' set , citing its explicit , bumping rhyme . Banks also included BBD on the set list to her Broke with Expensive Taste World Tour ( 2014 15 ) . According to unk Potts , during Banks ' gig at the Irving Plaza , ' BBD ' and ' Wallace ' were similarly received , the audience 's enthusiasm building as each second passed . The track was also well received when performed in Europe , with The Independent writer David Pollock highlighting it as one of the best received numbers of the night , along with No Problems and 212 . Credits and personnel Credits adapted from Broke with Expensive Taste liner notes . Credits BBD contains excerpts from Swoop , as originally performed by unk ETC and unk . BBD contains excerpts from Trap Shit V9 , as originally performed by unk . Locations Recorded at Glenwood Place Studios ( Burbank , California ) Mixed at Germano Studios ( New York City , New York ) Personnel Vocals Azealia Banks Songwriting Azealia Banks , Jonathan Harris , Kevin James Production Apple Juice Kid Co production Sup Doodle Engineering Rick McRae Recording Rick McRae Mixing Rick McRae Release history
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3,737 | The Day of Thirst ( Arabic unk al ' Atash ) is the name traditionally given in Arabic historiography to a battle fought in 724 between the Turkic Turgesh khaganate and the Umayyad Caliphate on the banks of the river Jaxartes , in Transoxiana ( in modern Tajikistan , Central Asia ) . The Umayyad army , under Muslim ibn Sa 'id al Kilabi , was campaigning in the Ferghana Valley when it learned of the Turgesh advance . Immediately , the Arabs began a hasty retreat to the Jaxartes , pursued and harassed by the Turgesh cavalry . Finally , after 11 days , the Umayyad army reached the Jaxartes , where it was caught between the Turgesh and the forces of the native Transoxianian principalities . Nevertheless , the Arabs managed to break through and cross the river to Khujand . The Umayyad defeat led to the collapse of Muslim rule over much of the region , which until ca . 740 remained disputed territory , with both the Arabs and the Turgesh fighting for control over it . Background The region of Transoxiana ( Arabic Ma wara ' al nahr ) had been conquered by the Umayyad leader Qutayba ibn Muslim in the reign of Al Walid I ( r . 705 715 ) , following the Muslim conquests of Persia and Khurasan in the mid 7th century . The loyalties of Transoxiana 's native Iranian and Turkic populations and those of autonomous local rulers remained questionable , however , as demonstrated in 719 , when the Transoxianian princes sent a petition to the Chinese and their Turgesh vassals for military aid against the Caliphate 's governors . The Turgesh responded by launching a series of attacks against the Muslims in Transoxiana , beginning in 720 . These incursions were coupled with uprisings against the Caliphate among the local Sogdians . The Umayyad governor of Khurasan , Sa 'id ibn Amr al Harashi , harshly suppressed the unrest and restored the Muslim position almost to what it had been during the time of Qutayba , except for the Ferghana Valley , control over which was lost . Expedition against Ferghana and the Day of Thirst In 723 , al Harashi was replaced as governor by Muslim ibn Sa 'id al Kilabi , who resolved late the next year to launch an expedition with the goal of seizing Ferghana . The campaign faced difficulties already in its early stages , when the news arrived of the accession of a new Caliph , Hisham ibn Abd al Malik , and the appointment of a new governor of Iraq , Khalid al Qasri . Expecting Muslim 's imminent recall by the new regime , the Yemeni troops in Balkh initially refused to join the campaign , but were forced to join the army when a force composed of Mudaris ( northern Arabs ) under Nasr ibn Sayyar marched against them and defeated them at unk . The campaign eventually went ahead as Khalid al Qasri wrote to al Kilabi , urging him to proceed with it until his replacement , Khalid 's brother Asad , arrived in Khurasan . Nevertheless , 4 , 000 troops from the Yemeni Azd tribe withdrew from the army . Al Kilabi led his army along the Jaxartes valley to Ferghana , and laid siege to it while devastating the surrounding countryside . At this point , the Umayyad army became aware that the Turgesh khagan Suluk was advancing against them with a stronger army . Abandoning their advance , the Muslim army retreated so hastily towards the south that it was claimed they covered a distance in one day that equalled three days of normal travel . On the second day , after the Arabs crossed the river Wadi al unk , the Turgesh army caught up with them , and attacked a secondary camp pitched by Abdallah ibn Abi Abdallah separately from the main Arab force . The Arabs and their Sogdian allies suffered heavy casualties the brother of the ruler of Samarkand , Ghurak , being among the slain but managed to repel the attack . The Arabs continued their retreat for eight more days , during which they were constantly harassed by the Turgesh cavalry . On the ninth day , the Arabs reached the Jaxartes only to find their path blocked by their enemies , troops of the native principalities of Shash and Farghana , and the remnants of the Sogdian rebellion Sa 'id al Harashi had suppressed . The Arabs made camp for the night and burned all their baggage , allegedly worth one million dirhams , in preparation for battle . On the next day , despite suffering from thirst and being hemmed in between the Turgesh on their rear and the Transoxianian forces in front , the desperate Arabs managed to break through the enemy lines and cross the Jaxartes . As al Tabari writes , when they reached the relative safety of Khujand , suffering from hunger and exhaustion , the troops spread out in disorder . There , the leadership of the army was formally transferred to Abd al Rahman ibn Na 'im al unk , who led the remnants of the army back to Samarkand . Aftermath and impact The defeat of the Arab army , and the casualties suffered , was a catalyst for the almost complete collapse of Muslim rule in Transoxiana over the next few years . In the words of the British scholar H.A.R. Gibb , it was practically the last aggressive expedition of the Arabs into Transoxania for fifteen years , but of much greater importance was the blow which it struck at Arab prestige . The roles were reversed from now onwards the Arabs found themselves on the defensive and were gradually ousted from almost every district across the Oxus . The new Umayyad governor , Asad al Qasri , campaigned incessantly over the next few years , but without achieving any major result . Asad also tried to secure the cooperation of the local elites by abolishing for a time the payment of taxes by the native converts ( mawali ) , but this policy was opposed by the Khurasani Arabs themselves , and was reversed by Asad 's successor Ashras ibn Abdallah al Sulami . This led to a general uprising of Transoxiana in 728 , and with Turgesh military aid the Arabs were evicted from almost the entire region . Transoxiana thereafter remained contested , and the Arabs did not recover their previous position until the campaigns of Nasr ibn Sayyar in 739 741 , who took advantage of the collapse of the Turgesh khaganate into civil wars after the murder of Suluk in 738 .
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3,738 | Puhoy is the sixteenth episode of the fifth season of the American animated television series Adventure Time . The episode was written and storyboarded by Tom Herpich and Steve Wolfhard , from a story by Patrick McHale , Kent Osborne , and Pendleton Ward . It originally aired on Cartoon Network on April 8 , 2013 . The episode guest stars Mandy Siegfried as Roselinen , Jonathan Frakes as Adult Finn , and Wallace Shawn as Rasheeta . The series follows the adventures of Finn ( voiced by Jeremy Shada ) , a human boy , and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake ( voiced by John DiMaggio ) , a dog with magical powers to change shape and grow and shrink at will . In this episode , Finn begins second guessing his relationship with Flame Princess , so he builds a giant pillow fort . While navigating it , Finn seemingly falls asleep and dreams that he ends up in a pillow world where he marries a pillow woman named Roselinen ( unk ) and has two children with her . In the pillow world , Finn grows old and dies , only to wake up in the real world . He soon receives a call from Flame Princess , reaffirming their relationship . The appearance of Finn as an adult was based on Howard Keel 's character from the 1954 musical Seven Brides for Seven Brothers , which is a favorite of episode co storyboarder Wolfhard . The episode was viewed by 2 . 75 million viewers and received a 0 . 6 rating among adults between the ages of 18 and 49 . Oliver Sava of The A.V. Club wrote positively of the way the episode focused on character development , noting that the episode bore similarities to both The Wizard of Oz and Captain America . Similarly , Colin O 'Boyle of Geek Smash compared the episode to the Chronicles of Narnia by C.S. Lewis . For his work on the episode 's character designs , Andy Ristaino won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement In Animation at the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards , making it the series ' first Emmy win . Plot During a knife storm , Finn and Jake stay in and construct a massive pillow fort . Finn , however , is feeling down because Flame Princess did not laugh at his joke , which he takes as a sign that their relationship is over . Jake says Finn is imagining things , but Finn ventures into the pillow fort to let his mind fester . Inside , he passes through a portal into a magical pillow land . He saves a village from a blanket dragon , and the leader Quilton throws a celebration in his honor . Finn dances with Quilton 's daughter , Roselinen . However , no one knows how to get him home . Years later , Finn and Roselinen have married and had two children , Bonnie and Jay . Quilton tells them that an ancient book has been discovered revealing that the door to Finn 's world appears periodically . Seeking more information , the family travels to the oracle Rasheeta , who says only that Finn will not remain in the land long . Finn thinks of Jake and decides he does not want to leave the pillow world . Eventually , he grows into an old man and dies surrounded by family . His spirit flies through a darkened realm and he emerges in the pillow fort , a child again . He starts to tell Jake about his other life , but gets a call from Flame Princess , who says she finally got his joke . After he hangs up , he cannot recall the life he just lived . Production Puhoy was written and storyboarded by Tom Herpich and Steve Wolfhard , from a story developed by series creator Pendleton Ward , Patrick McHale , and Kent Osborne . According to Osborne , this is one of the few episodes that the writers successfully developed by playing the game exquisite corpse . The episode was co directed by Nate Cash and Nick Jennings the former was credited as supervising director , whereas the latter handled the art direction . The episode guest stars Mandy Siegfried as Roselinen , Jonathan Frakes as Adult Finn , and Wallace Shawn as the oracle Rasheeta . Herpich noted that he was very pleased to cast Shawn , noting , Big thanks to Wallace Shawn who I finally got to cast in the show , thus shortening my bucket list . Wolfhard designed adult Finn to be reminiscent of Howard Keel 's character from the 1954 musical Seven Brides for Seven Brothers . Wolfhard explained that the allusion was due to the fact that the musical is one of his personal favorites . In addition , Roselinen 's design was based on Wolfhard 's wife , Leslie , according to both Wolfhard and former character designer Andy Ristaino . Reception Puhoy aired on April 8 , 2013 on Cartoon Network . The episode was watched by 2 . 75 million viewers , and received a 0 . 6 rating in the 18 49 demographic Nielsen household rating . Nielsen ratings are audience measurement systems that determine the audience size and composition of television programming in the United States , which means that the episode was seen by 0 . 6 percent of all 18 to 49 year olds at the time of the broadcast . The episode was the 35th most watched cable program in the 18 49 demographic on the night it aired . The episode first saw physical release as part of the 2013 Jake the Dad DVD , which included 16 episodes from the series ' fourth and fifth seasons . Oliver Sava of The A.V. Club awarded the episode a B , and praised the way the entry focuses on building character . He compared the episode stylistically to both The Wizard of Oz and Captain America , noting that all three deal with themes of traveling to distant lands and teleport ing to alternate dimension s . In the end , Sava complimented the episode for dealing with the moral that , when in a relationship , people need to slow down , don 't freak out , and communicate . Colin O 'Boyle of Geek Smash compared the episode to the Chronicles of Narnia , a series of books by English author C.S. Lewis . He felt that the installment was hilarious and pretty awesome . He cited both Adult Finn and the pillowy world as highlights , noting that the former was a badass . For his work on the episode , former lead character designer Ristaino won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement In Animation for his character designs , making it the series ' first Emmy win .
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3,739 | You May Now Kiss the ... Uh ... Guy Who Receives is the 25th episode of the fourth season of Family Guy . The episode originally aired on April 30 , 2006 on Fox . In the episode , Brian 's gay cousin Jasper comes to Quahog with his boyfriend Ricardo to get married . Mayor West tries to ban same sex marriage to divert attention from a bad investment he made with the taxpayers ' money . Brian fights for gay marriage and ends up taking Mayor West hostage to get his view across . The episode was written by David A. Goodman and directed by Dominic Polcino . The episode received polarized reviews from critics . The week it aired , the episode had an estimated 7 . 8 million viewers . The episode features guest performances from Michael Clarke Duncan , Ralph Garman , Rachael MacFarlane , Chad Morgan , Charles Reid , Craig Reid , Kevin Michael Richardson , and Stark Sands , as well as several recurring voice actors for the series . Plot Brian s gay cousin Jasper comes to Quahog with his Filipino boyfriend Ricardo , and announces that they are going to get married . Everyone is delighted except for Lois , who is against same sex marriage . Later , Mayor Adam West reveals in the city center a solid gold statue of the Honey Smacks mascot Dig Em , and dedicates the statue to the servicemen who died in what he refers to as the recent Gulf conflict . The cost of the statue puts the city in debt . In order to distract the townspeople , he proposes a bill outlawing same sex marriage . Meanwhile , Chris falls for Alyssa , a beautiful girl who belongs to the Young Republicans , and joins the group to impress her . Brian vows to make West change his mind , getting 10 , 000 people to sign a petition to oppose the bill . Lois refuses to sign and takes Stewie to visit her parents . Before Brian can present the petition to the mayor , Chris burns it because Alyssa has agreed he may touch her breasts if he destroys the document , much to Brian 's anger . Brian manages to get 10 , 000 more signatures on a new petition to show it to Mayor West , but West still won 't change his mind . Out of desperation , Brian takes a security guard s gun , and holds the mayor hostage . Lois hears about Brian on TV , and then discovers that her parents do not love each other , and even raised her to believe that a heterosexual couple who hate each other have more of a right to marry than a homosexual couple who love each other . Horrified , Lois changes her mind on same sex marriage , deciding that gay couples who love each other have the right to be together . She returns to Quahog to convince Brian to free the mayor , saying that if he pursues this any further , he will be hurting his own cause . Brian agrees , and ends the hostage situation . Since it has distracted the town from the Dig ' Em scandal , Mayor West agrees to drop the ban on gay marriage . Brian gives him a key for a Volkswagen Scirocco , and West drops the hostage charges . Jasper and Ricardo get married in the backyard of the Griffin house . Production Written by David A. Goodman , and directed by Dominic Polcino , series creator Seth MacFarlane came up with the idea for the episode while writing a pilot episode featuring two gay men . MacFarlane describes himself as incredibly passionate about his support for the gay community , and finds it to be infuriating and idiotic that two gay partners have to go through this fucking dog and pony act when they stop at a hotel and the guy behind the counter says , ' You want one room or two ' . In addition to the regular cast , actor Michael Clarke Duncan , voice actor Ralph Garman , actress Rachael MacFarlane , actress Chad Morgan , actor Charles Reid , actor Craig Reid , voice actor Kevin Michael Richardson , and voice actor Stark Sands guest starred in the episode . Recurring guest voices include Lori Alan , Alex Breckenridge , Johnny Brennan , writer Mike Henry , writer Chris Sheridan , writer Danny Smith , writer John Viener , and actor Adam West , who portrays an exaggerated version of himself . Actor Patrick Warburton has a guest appearance as well . Censor issues required multiple changes to the episode . The line when Peter says , It 's not like we 're going to have a gay sex orgy in the living room , was originally , Come on Lois , we 're not going to drill glory holes in the living room . The show received a broadcast standards request that the anti gay video the priest shows Lois say Pat Robertson Industries , so as not to make it look like FOX had an opinion about homosexuals . The writers had a problem with Lois being against gay marriage , as they felt they were not portraying her in a way that is consistent with other episodes as she expressed a more liberal viewpoint on many past issues on the show and even expressed a generally more accepting view of gays in the episode Brian Sings and Swings . The DVD version has a deleted scene during the backyard wedding ending where Ricardo ( who doesn 't speak English ) asks Stewie what 's going on and Stewie ( who speaks Tagalog ) tells Ricardo that he 'll find out on his wedding night . Cultural references Mayor West builds a statue of Dig ' Em , the Sugar Smacks mascot , which causes controversy and causes West to ban gay marriage . Stewie takes over air traffic control , and causes Matthew McConaughey 's private plane to crash into the ocean . The film , The Sound of Music , is also referenced in the episode . West also swallowed a unk board game and an older issue of People magazine which features the actor Paul Hogan . A cutaway gag involves Peter in the band The Proclaimers , in a recording for the song I 'm Gonna Be ( 500 Miles ) . Reception You May Now Kiss the ... Uh ... Guy Who Receives had an average of 7 . 8 million viewers and was the eighty first most watched show of the week . Bob Sassone from TV Squad wrote that he could not stop laughing throughout the episode , feeling that there is just something really funny about gay dogs getting married and a giant gold statue of Dig ' Em , the Sugar Smacks mascot . While reviewing the Family Guy Volume 4 DVD , Nancy Basile of About.com called the episode sharp .
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3,740 | State Route 133 ( SR 133 ) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California . It connects SR 1 in Laguna Beach through the San Joaquin Hills with several freeways in Irvine , ending at the SR 241 toll road in the latter city . The portion north of SR 73 in Laguna Beach is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System , and it is built as an expressway from SR 73 to Laguna Canyon Road ( just south of I 405 in Irvine ) . SR 133 is a freeway ( the Laguna Freeway ) to I 5 , and a tollway ( part of the Eastern Toll Road ) to SR 241 near the Santa Ana Mountains . SR 133 was constructed as a county road by the 1910s the portion from I 405 to I 5 was upgraded to a freeway four decades later . Plans to extend the freeway south were canceled by the state , and the southern part of the road remains an undivided highway . In 1998 , the majority of the Eastern Transportation Corridor opened , and the connector between I 5 and SR 241 was designated as a toll extension of SR 133 . Route description State Route 133 begins at the Pacific Coast Highway ( SR 1 ) as Broadway in Laguna Beach , a block from the Pacific Ocean . The name changes to Laguna Canyon Road as the highway leaves downtown Laguna Beach and enters Laguna Canyon , soon narrowing to one lane in each direction . After entering the canyon , which lies between Laguna Coast Wilderness Park ( west side of SR 133 ) and Aliso and Wood Canyons Wilderness Park ( east side of SR 133 ) , the first major intersection is with El Toro Road ( County Route unk ) . SR 133 widens to four lanes and becomes a highway after its interchange with the San Joaquin Hills Toll Road ( SR 73 ) . As it continues through the Laguna Coast Wilderness Park , SR 133 follows a four lane alignment on the west side of the canyon , moved from the old two lane road in the center of the canyon in late 2006 . Laguna Canyon Road splits to the northwest where the canyon ends in Irvine . North of the park , the highway becomes the Laguna Freeway after crossing an at grade intersection with Laguna Canyon Road , followed by an interchange at exit 8 , San Diego Freeway ( I 405 ) . SR 133 then continues as a freeway and serves Barranca Parkway and the Santa Ana Freeway ( I 5 ) . After crossing I 5 , SR 133 becomes part of the Eastern Toll Road along the northwest side of Marine Corps Air Station El Toro , crossing an interchange with Irvine Boulevard at exit 12 before ending at SR 241 . History As part of its construction of concrete roads , started by a 1913 bond issue , Orange County paved the county road through Laguna Canyon , connecting State Highway Route 2 ( the forerunner of U.S. Hwy . 101 and I 5 ) at Irvine with Laguna Beach , by 1917 . The road was added to the state highway system in 1933 as Route 185 , an unsigned designation . The entire route was added to the new California Freeway and Expressway System in 1959 the planned upgrade had already been named the Laguna Freeway by the California Highway Commission on November 26 , 1957 . The highway received a sign route number State Route 133 in the 1964 renumbering . Opening of the first and only piece of the Laguna Freeway was celebrated in Laguna Beach on October 1 , 1952 , connecting the north end of Laguna Canyon with a planned extension of the Santa Ana Freeway at a trumpet interchange and bypassing the old route on Sand Canyon Avenue . There were initially no other interchanges along the route . The state decided not to build the remainder of the freeway in late 1975 , and in 1996 the portion south of SR 73 was removed from the Freeway and Expressway System . Widening of the part north of SR 73 to a four lane expressway was completed in late 2006 , moving the road out of the canyon bottom and allowing better access to areas in Laguna Coast Wilderness Park . A new State Route 231 was added to the state highway system in 1988 , connecting I 5 northwest of Irvine with SR 91 , and in 1991 the south end was shifted southeast to the north end of SR 133 , with the old route becoming SR 261 . To prevent the route from changing numbers as it crossed I 5 , the southern portion was renumbered SR 133 in 1996 , with the remainder becoming an extended SR 241 . The Eastern Transportation Corridor , which includes SR 133 north of I 5 , was completed on October 15 , 1998 , opening a new shortcut from Orange County to the northeast . Tolls The toll portion of SR 133 employs a barrier toll system , where drivers are charged flat rate tolls based on what particular toll booths they pass through . Tolls are collected at selected on and off ramps and at the Orange Grove Toll Plaza , which spans the on and off ramps to Northbound SR 241 ( traffic to and from Southbound SR 241 instead pay at the Tomato Springs Toll Plaza located on SR 241 immediately south of the 133 241 interchange ) . Since May 13 , 2014 , the road has been using an all electronic , open road tolling system cash is no longer being accepted . Drivers may pay using the unk electronic toll collection system , license plate tolling ( under Transportation Corridor Agencies 's brand name unk ) , or via a one time payment online . Those using unk are charged a lower toll than those using the other two methods . Drivers must pay within 5 days after their trip on the toll road or they will accessed a toll violation . The following table lists the tolls at each of the tolled exits for passenger cars and other two axle vehicles ( as of July 1 , 2015 ) . Vehicles with more than two axles pay a higher toll at the Orange Grove Toll Plaza . Major intersections Except where prefixed with a letter , postmiles were measured on the road as it was in 1964 , based on the alignment that existed at the time , and do not necessarily reflect current mileage . R reflects a realignment in the route since then , M indicates a second realignment , L refers an overlap due to a correction or change , and T indicates postmiles classified as temporary ( for a full list of prefixes , see the list of postmile definitions ) . Segments that remain unconstructed or have been relinquished to local control may be omitted . The entire route is in Orange County .
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3,741 | HMS Zealous was one of the three ships ( the others being HMS Royal Alfred and HMS Repulse ) forming the second group of wooden steam battleships selected in 1860 for conversion to ironclads . This was done in response to the perceived threat to Britain offered by the large French ironclad building programme . The ship was ordered to the West Coast of Canada after she was completed to represent British interests in the Eastern Pacific Ocean . Zealous became the flagship for the Pacific Station for six years until she was relieved in 1872 . She was refitted upon her arrival and subsequently became the guard ship at Southampton until she was paid off in 1875 . The ship was in reserve until she was sold for scrap in 1886 . Design and description HMS Zealous was given a straight stem and a rounded stern , but her hull was otherwise unmodified from her original form it had been found that lengthening the hull , as was done in the earlier Prince Consort class , led to longitudinal weakness . Her conversion to a central battery ironclad therefore cost less than that of any of her contemporaries , though this was offset with a shorter battery and therefore a less effective broadside . She also carried less armour than the earlier class , and was nearly a knot slower however , as she was built to serve in distant waters , and not expected to face opposing ships of significant force , these shortcomings were thought acceptable . Zealous was 252 feet ( 76 . 8 m ) long between perpendiculars and had a beam of 58 feet 7 inches ( 17 . 9 m ) . The ship had a draught of 25 feet ( 7 . 6 m ) forward and 25 feet 9 inches ( 7 . 8 m ) aft . She displaced 6 , 096 long tons ( 6 , 194 t ) . Propulsion Zealous had a simple horizontal 2 cylinder horizontal return connecting rod steam engine driving a single four bladed , 19 foot 1 inch ( 5 . 8 m ) propeller . Steam was provided by eight rectangular boilers at a working pressure of 22 psi ( 152 kPa 2 kgf cm2 ) . The engine produced 3 , 623 indicated horsepower ( 2 , 702 kW ) during the ship 's sea trials in November 1866 which gave the ship a maximum speed of 11 . 7 knots ( 21 . 7 km h 13 . 5 mph ) . Zealous carried a maximum of 660 long tons ( 670 t ) of coal . She was ship rigged with three masts and had a sail area of 29 , 200 square feet ( 2 , 710 m2 ) . Her best speed with the propeller disconnected and under sail alone was 10 . 5 knots ( 19 . 4 km h 12 . 1 mph ) . Armament All of the available 9 inch ( 229 mm ) and 8 inch ( 203 mm ) guns had already been earmarked for other , more powerful ships . Zealous therefore received an armament of 7 inch ( 178 mm ) guns , which were deemed adequate for her expected service activity , and which , indeed , she retained for the whole of her active career . She was the only battleship ever to have a uniform armament of this calibre , and she , and her half sister HMS Repulse , were the only Victorian ironclads to retain their original armament unchanged through their entire active careers . Zealous was armed with twenty 7 inch rifled muzzle loading guns . Four of these guns were mounted on the upper deck as chase guns , two each fore and aft . The 16 calibre 7 inch gun weighed 6 . 5 long tons ( 6 . 6 t ) and fired a 112 pound ( 50 . 8 kg ) shell . It was credited with the nominal ability to penetrate 7 . 7 inch ( 196 mm ) armour . Armour Zealous had a complete waterline belt of wrought iron that was 4 . 5 inches ( 114 mm ) thick amidships and tapered to 2 . 5 inches ( 64 mm ) thick at the bow and stern . From the level of the main deck , it reached 6 feet ( 1 . 8 m ) below the waterline . The guns on the main deck amidships were protected by a section of 4 . 5 inch armour , 103 feet ( 31 . 4 m ) long , with 4 . 5 inch transverse bulkheads at each end which left the chase guns unprotected . The armour was backed by the sides of the ship which consisted of 30 . 5 inches ( 770 mm ) of teak . The total weight of her armour was 790 long tons ( 800 t ) . Service history HMS Zealous was laid down on 26 October 1859 as a wooden two deck , 90 gun ship of the line by Pembroke Royal Dockyard , but her construction was suspended pending experience with the conversion of her half sisters of the Prince Consort class to broadside ironclads . The Admiralty ordered on 2 July 1862 that she be cut down one deck and converted to an armoured frigate for the price of 239 , 258 . The ship was launched on 7 March 1864 and commissioned in September 1866 , but was not completed until 4 October 1866 . In order to match the French deployment of armored corvettes of the Belliqueuse and Alma classes in the Pacific Ocean the Admiralty ordered Zealous to sail for the west coast of Canada shortly after she was completed . Upon her arrival the ship became the flagship , and reached her operational base at Esquimalt in July 1867 ( Esquimalt was the headquarters of the Pacific Station ) she remained moored there , at the end of a telegraph link with Britain , until April 1869 . During this time her only sea service was for gunnery practice on two days every quarter . In January 1870 she picked up a fresh crew at Panama brought out by the two decker HMS Revenge . After six years on station she was relieved by Revenge as flagship and started for home . Her bottom had not been cleaned since she had left Great Britain and she could only make a maximum of 7 knots ( 13 km h 8 . 1 mph ) under sail or steam so her return voyage took five months . Zealous struck a rock while sailing through the Straits of Magellan , but was only slightly damaged . She was refitted in Plymouth in April 1873 and then became guard ship at Southampton until 1875 , when she was paid off . The ship was placed in reserve in Portsmouth until sold for scrap in September 1886 . As coal was extremely expensive on the West Coast of the Americas , HMS Zealous generally used her sails and covered more miles under sail than any of the other Victorian sailing ironclads , and in her whole career never once travelled in company with another ironclad . She was also the first British ironclad to sail further from Britain than the Mediterranean .
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3,742 | Lovers in Japan is a song by British alternative rock band Coldplay . It was written by all members of the band for their fourth studio album , Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends . The song is built around an introductory tack piano sound , then followed by chiming guitars and soaring choruses , supported by the pianos and rhythms that accompany the song 's lyrics . The album version of Lovers in Japan also includes the track Reign of Love . It was released as a promotional radio single on 3 November 2008 and peaked at number 10 on the Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart . The song also charted at number 19 on Billboard 's Adult Top 40 chart . Lovers in Japan was well received by music critics , who praised the track 's general sound . Although the promotional single is seen as the fourth single from the album , the version on the single is the Osaka Sun Mix , which is featured on the Prospekt 's March EP . Writing and composition When asked about the development of the song , during a track by track reveal , drummer Will Champion said We were in a studio in New York , this place called the Magic Shop , and it had this thing called a tack piano there , which sounds like an old honky tonk piano , where you put little tacks in the hammers , so it sounds like more of a harpsichord almost . And so we wanted to use that kind of sound , but we didn 't have a tack piano , so rather than sample it , we went and bought an old piano from the shop up the road from our studio , and we bought a load of tacks , and me and Guy and Jon spent a couple of hours pushing tacks into the piano hammers . On Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends , Lovers in Japan transitions seamlessly into a second track entitled Reign of Love . In an interview with Q magazine , bassist Guy Berryman explained that the band could not make up their minds about the track listing , as they had discussed that they wanted to keep the album concise with a total of ten tracks and an intended length of under 42 minutes . Champion further stated , We just preferred to have less titles and more stuff . The album as a whole has got the most on it , but it s the shortest . We wanted to make it almost impossible for you to not listen to it all in one go . In addition , vocalist Chris Martin revealed that the band had wanted to have a two in one song title , as American recording artist Justin Timberlake had done the same on his album FutureSex LoveSounds ( 2006 ) . The song 's instrumentation features an introductory detuned tack piano sound , progressing to feature upbeat guitar riffs and soaring choruses . Towards the end , it builds into a rhythmically soaring , sound , compared by critics to that of Irish rock band U2 . Martin sings about the shortness of time , as well as runners who must run until the race is won and soldiers who must soldier on in the second and third verses of the song . Release and reception Coldplay released Lovers in Japan in the United States on 3 November 2008 as the fourth single from Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends . A new mix of the song is also featured in the band 's 2008 EP Prospekt 's March , entitled Lovers in Japan ( Osaka Sun Mix ) . Chris Martin said of the Prospekt 's March version of the song We 've been playing it live better than it is on the record . So the live version has informed this Osaka Sun version , which is just a bit more lively . Lovers in Japan was released as a radio only single in the United States and later entered Billboard 's Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks chart , where it peaked at number 32 on the issue dated 29 November 2008 . The track also peaked at number 10 on the Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart and at number 65 on the Pop 100 chart . Outside of the United States , Lovers in Japan peaked at number 41 on the Japan Hot 100 . Lovers in Japan received high commendations from critics . Alexis Petridis of The Guardian review of the album , wrote Chris Martin 's melodies ... shine even his loudest detractor could hardly deny his way with a tune as evidenced here by ' 42 ' and ' Lovers in Japan ' . Evan Sawdey of PopMatters remarked that the song is stunning , jaw dropping highlight . He added that Martin pounds away at a bouncy toy piano melody ... leading into a chorus where guitarist Jonny Buckland gets to unleash what might be the catchiest guitar riff he 's written ... ( and yes , he absolutely bathes in the moment ) . Joey Guerra of the Houston Chronicle described Lovers in Japan as a joyous , romantic anthem that combines wistful rock riffs and gorgeous piano . He also wrote that the song is one of the disc 's best moments . Jed Gottlieb of the Boston Herald remarked that the piano sound in Lovers in Japan Reign of Love hints at the 1968 song Lady Madonna by The Beatles , before taking a neo classical , Chopin does Britpop route . Jeff Crawford of the City Messenger wrote , ' Lovers in Japan Reign of Love ' and ' Strawberry Swing ' rank among the band 's best work . Josh Hathaway from The Plain Dealer wrote that Lovers in Japan Reign of Love works in just the opposite direction with ' Lovers ' playing like an update of vintage Simple Minds , an almost anthem that never fully takes flight , before giving way to the gentle ' Reign of Love ' . Music video A music video for the single , directed by Mat Whitecross in London , was released on 31 October 2008 through the iTunes Store . The video was made available for free for a week on the American and Canadian iTunes Stores . The video utilises the Osaka Sun Mix version of the song . The first half of the video shows the band playing in a courtyard while each member writes certain words from the lyrics in glowing neon on the screen . During the chorus , the camera spins around in circles to go along with the lines They are turning my head out . The video ends with butterfly shaped confetti raining on the band , as happens when each chorus is played at live concerts , along with the words The End on the screen behind the band as they take a bow . Track listing Charts Release history
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3,743 | Tropical Storm Larry was the twelfth tropical storm in the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season . It was one of eight storms to impact Mexico from either the Pacific or Atlantic Oceans in the season , a near record . Larry formed in early October from an extratropical storm in the Bay of Campeche , and reached a peak intensity of 65 mph ( 100 km h ) . Due to weak steering currents , the storm moved southward , which resulted in the storm hitting the Tabasco coastline . The storm was the first unk landfall since Tropical Storm Brenda in 1973 . Larry drifted across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec , dropping heavy rainfall of over 9 in ( 229 mm ) in places . The rainfall led to flooding and mudslides , causing damage to thousands of houses . The flooding killed five people and resulted in 53 . 6 million ( 2003 USD ) in damage . Larry was one of three tropical cyclones to hit Mexico in a short period of time , including Tropical Depression Nora and Tropical Storm Olaf in the eastern Pacific Ocean . Meteorological history A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on September 17 . It moved across the shear ridden Atlantic Ocean without development , and remained disorganized until reaching the western Caribbean Sea on September 26 . There , the wave situated itself beneath an upper level anticyclone , allowing for favorable upper level outflow and for deep convection to develop . On the September 27 , a low pressure area developed while the system was located a few hundred miles to the east of the Yucatn Peninsula . The system continued to organize , and nearly developed into a tropical depression before moving ashore on the Yucatn Peninsula on September 29 . Dry air and land weakened the tropical wave , and when it entered the area of the Bay of Campeche , it merged with a stationary frontal boundary . Cool , dry air around the system caused the system to develop a cold core , and the area organized into an extratropical low on September 30 . A large high pressure system over the northern Gulf of Mexico forced the system southward , where it developed significant convection . The system developed a warm core , and on October 1 the storm organized into Tropical Storm Larry while located 300 mi ( 483 km ) east southeast of Tampico , Mexico . Weak steering currents allowed for Larry to drift westward at about two mph ( 3 km h ) while marginally favorable conditions allowed the storm to strengthen to a peak of 65 mph ( 105 km h ) on October 3 . A mid level ridge forced the storm more to the south southeast , where after remaining a 60 mph ( 97 km h ) storm for three days , Larry made landfall on Paraso in the Mexican state of Tabasco on October 5 . It steadily weakened over land , and degenerated into a remnant low on October 6 while mid way through the Isthmus of Tehuantepec . The remnant low turned to the southwest , and reached the eastern Pacific Ocean on the October 7 . The remnants of Larry re organized in the eastern Pacific , with the National Hurricane Center indicating for the possibility of redevelopment into a tropical depression on October 9 . However , the convection diminished , and further development was no longer anticipated . Preparations Due to its erratic motion , the Mexican government issued a Tropical Storm Warning and a Hurricane Watch early in Larry 's lifetime from Veracruz to Campeche . The watches and warnings were extended westward to Tuxpan on the 4th and extended eastward to Ciudad del Carmen on October 5 . Due to the threat of the storm , officials closed three Pemex oil ports . The company used its reserves to make sure profits weren 't disrupted . In addition , the storm closed shipping ports in Dos Bocas in Tabasco , Coatzacoalcos in Veracruz , and Cayo Arcas in Campeche . The Mexican government placed six coastal states on maximum alert , while authorities set up 75 evacuation shelters for around 1 , 500 people . Because of the storm , the government declared much of eastern Mexico a state of emergency . Impact Tropical Storm Larry was one of eight storms to hit Mexico from either the Atlantic Ocean or the Pacific Ocean , the highest since the record of nine in 1971 . The National Hurricane Center expected the storm to produce a storm surge of 3 to 5 feet ( .9 to 1 . 5 m ) , with high waves on top , though no official surge readings were reported . The highest recorded winds on land were 59 mph ( 95 km h ) in El unk in Tabasco . The worst of Larry 's effects came from its rainfall , peaking at 24 . 77 inches ( 629 . 2 mm ) in Upper Juarez in southeastern Mexico . The highest 24 hour rainfall total was 9 . 6 inches ( 245 . 5 mm ) in Tortuguero , Chiapas , while several other locations reported over 4 inches ( 102 mm ) in 24 hours . The flooding damaged more than 21 , 000 houses across Mexico , in combination with the damage from Eastern Pacific Hurricanes Nora and Olaf . Damage was greatest around the Chiapas capital of Tuxtla Gutirrez , where over 9 , 000 houses were affected . The rainfall caused mudslides across the country , hospitalizing two individuals in central Hidalgo . The flooding also caused severe crop damage along Larry 's path . Strong wind gusts caused outages to telephone and power services . In all , Larry caused five deaths and 53 . 6 million in damage ( 2003 USD , 59 million 2005 USD ) . In El Salvador , rainfall from the remnants of Larry combined with previous rainfall caused mudslides and flooding , forcing several thousand people to evacuate in San Salvador . The flooding destroyed or damaged hundreds of houses . Aftermath Tropical Storm Larry hit Mexico at around the same time as two other tropical storms . The Mexican Red Cross provided aid for 6 , 587 families throughout the country , while the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies launched an international appeal for aid . The appeal raised 284 , 472 . 8 ( 2003 USD ) . The Mexican Red Cross distributed 4 , 000 food and hygiene packets to various places , and delivered 2 , 750 family packets and over 4 , 300 mattresses to citizens in Chiapas , as well as 5 , 000 school kits . A total of 38 , 750 people benefited from the operation .
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3,744 | The Yale Union Laundry Building , also known as the Yale Laundry Building , the City Linen Supply Co . Building , Perfect Fit Manufacturing and simply Yale Union ( YU ) , in southeast Portland in the U.S. state of Oregon is a two story commercial structure listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Built largely of brick in 1908 and embellished with Italian Revival and Egyptian Revival decorations , it was added to the register in 2007 . Two story additions in 1927 and 1929 changed the original building into an L shaped structure that shares a party wall with a commercial building to the east . Preservation of elements of Portland 's industrial laundry era and its relation to the women s labor movement and the rise of the middle class in the United States are factors in the building 's listing on the National Register . Built and first operated by Charles F. Brown , an individual businessman , the building was bought in 1927 by Home Services Company , a power laundry consortium . American Linen Supply and then Perfect Fit Manufacturing , a maker of automotive fabrics , used the building after Home Services sold it in 1950 . Acquired by Alter LLC in 2008 , the building is home to Yale Union ( YU ) , a contemporary arts center . Description Located at 800 Southeast 10th Avenue , the building occupies the west half of the block between Southeast Belmont and Southeast Morrison streets . The southwest corner entry features a stylized Egyptian temple of cast stone . Italianate Renaissance influence is seen in the large arched windows on the ground floor and tall narrow windows on the second . The west facade is lined with banks of large windows that helped illuminate and cool the work areas . Other important features of the exterior include a large garage door along Belmont Street and a paved parking lot and water tower pedestal on the Morrison Street side . The original building 's main floor has vaulted ceilings , large windows , brick walls , a flat roof , and wooden cross beams . The mezzanine consists of three rooms . The second floor has large windows and vaulted ceilings , restrooms , and a lunchroom . Stairs and elevators connect the levels , including the basement and its boiler room . A lobby and office in the southwest corner of the main floor can be entered from inside or via the original main door off Southeast 10th Avenue . Following purchase in 2008 , renovations began to convert the building into a contemporary arts center . Architects designed gallery spaces , a bookstore and cafe , a 100 seat room , library and kitchen . Geothermal heating supplied by an aquifer underneath the building will contribute to the goal of LEED Platinum status . History The Yale Union Laundry Building was built to house a commercial laundry during an era , roughly 1900 to 1950 , in which many urban U.S. households sent out their laundry for cleaning rather than doing it at home . Before the invention of the steam laundry machine in the mid 19th century , women did most domestic washing at home using simple machines such as scrub boards , wooden tubs , and clothes lines . Steam driven washing machines and equipment for unk , ironing , and related tasks made industrial laundries feasible by the turn of the century . In 1908 , Charles F. Brown , who entered the laundry business in the Midwest in 1892 , moved to Portland to build the Yale Laundry Building and to operate an industrial power laundry on its premises . The building 's basement contained boilers to heat wash water , and the main part of the first floor had beams capable of supporting heavy washing machines . The first and second floor had large windows to admit light and to release heat and steam . At the time of the building 's construction , Portland had 68 commercial laundries of varied types and sizes . By 1916 , the Yale Laundry , one of the larger laundries , employed 125 people , many of whom were women . Federal and state laws regulating hours , wages , and working conditions changed markedly in the United States during the early 20th century . The state 's Industrial Welfare Commission , established in 1913 , ruled in 1914 that women could not work in laundries for more than 54 hours a week and that work days were not to exceed 9 hours . The commission established a minimum weekly wage of 8 . 25 for women working in Portland 's laundries . By 1917 , the work day was reduced to an eight hour maximum . In 1920 , to lower costs related to regulations and the rise of organized labor , several industrial laundries in Portland combined to form the Home Services Company . The new company lowered overhead by sharing resources and added a pickup and delivery service popular among middle class families . The company acquired the Yale Union Laundry in 1927 . By 1931 , more than 80 percent of the services offered by industrial laundries were sold to individual families . However , as the Great Depression continued , many people could no longer afford the services , and business declined . The decline continued after World War II , when electric washers and dryers meant for home use became affordable to a large fraction of the populace . As individual customers disappeared , factory laundries turned to specialized services such as washing of diapers or linens . In 1950 , the American Linen Supply Company bought the Yale Laundry Company . In 1959 , Perfect Fit Manufacturing began to use the building to make auto seat covers , tire covers , and other automotive fabrics . Perfect Fit remained in the building through 2006 . Yale Union Since 2008 , the building has housed Yale Union ( YU ) , a contemporary arts center . Alter LLC , associated with the Monfort Family Foundation , purchased the building for 3 . 5 million and intended to fund renovations and operations until the arts center generated revenue on its own . Renovations costing an additional 7 . 2 million , also funded by Alter , included a bookstore and cafe , a 100 seat room . The center was officially unveiled in November 2010 with a renovated kitchen and additional improvements planned . More than 600 people attended YU 's first public exhibit in May 2011 .
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3,745 | U.S. Highway 161 ( US 161 ) was a U.S. Highway in Iowa that ran from Keokuk to Dubuque by way of Cedar Rapids . It was designated in 1925 and signed in 1926 along two primary highways . The route began at the Missouri River with US 61 southwest of Keokuk ran north through Mount Pleasant and Iowa City to Cedar Rapids . There , it turned to the northeast through Anamosa and Monticello towards Dubuque . The route ended at US 61 in Key West , a few miles west of Dubuque . The route changed very little while it was in service . It was paved from end to end by the summer of 1932 . In January 1938 , it was removed from the US Highway System . From Keokuk to Cedar Rapids , it was replaced by US 218 , which was extended southward . From Cedar Rapids to Key West it was replaced by US 151 , which was extended westward . Route description US 161 began on the US 61 bridge over the Des Moines River , which represents the border between Missouri and Iowa . The two routes ran concurrently within one half mile ( 800 m ) of the Mississippi River until they reached Keokuk , where the two routes turned to the northeast and turned away from the river . As the highway curved to the north , it passed the now unincorporated towns of unk and unk . Southwest of Montrose , US 61 split off to the northeast to run along the banks of the Mississippi . After the US 61 split , US 161 continued northeast towards unk along Main Street where it met Iowa Highway 3 ( Iowa 3 ) . North of unk , the highway diverted away from the Keokuk and Northwestern Railroad , which the highway had theretofore closely paralleled the railway . As the highway headed due north towards Mount Pleasant , it passed many small communities , but did not enter any of them . West of West Point , it intersected Iowa 103 , which served as a shortcut to Fort Madison until 2003 . Iowa 16 intersected the highway in northern Lee County . Shortly after it entered Henry County , US 161 intersected Iowa 125 , a short spur highway that connected Salem to the primary highway system . The road headed due north , jogging to the east only slightly to cross the Skunk River . In Mount Pleasant , it intersected US 34 and Iowa 133 . Further north , it briefly overlapped Iowa 78 near Olds . In Washington County , US 161 only intersected two primary highways Iowa 2 near Ainsworth and Iowa 22 near Riverside . In Johnson County , the highway entered the Iowa City area from the south . Iowa 1 joined US 161 from the southwest and the two routes briefly headed north together . At the banks of the Iowa River , they were joined by US 6 , and all three routes crossed the river . US 6 split away from the two routes near the University of Iowa unk . A few blocks north of campus , Iowa 1 split away to the east . A few more blocks north was the southern end of Iowa 261 . North of Iowa City , the highway crossed back over the Iowa River and headed to the northwest towards North Liberty , where it intersected Iowa 153 . US 161 continued to the northwest before turning north at its last Iowa River crossing . It passed through unk and entered Linn County . It entered the Cedar Rapids area from the southwest side , where it intersected US 30 and Iowa 64 . The three highways headed to the northeast towards and crossed the Cedar River before entering downtown . East of downtown , US 30 split away to the east near the intersection with Iowa 11 . US 161 and Iowa 64 continued northeast towards Marion , where they met Iowa 94 near its downtown . Outside of Marion , they intersected Iowa 13 . Southwest of Anamosa , the two routes met the northern end of Iowa 261 . Closer to Anamosa , they crossed the Wapsipinicon River before Iowa 64 split away to the east . Now heading northeast , US 161 traversed the farmland of Jones County . In Monticello , it met the ends of Iowa 38 and Iowa 113 . It crossed the South Fork unk River and headed towards Cascade , where it crossed the north fork of the river . At Cascade , US 161 met the ends of Iowa 136 and Iowa 188 . Now in Dubuque County , the highway continued northeast past the New unk Abbey . The route ended at an intersection with US 61 in Key West , a few miles west of Dubuque . History US 161 was an original U.S. Highway it and the rest of the system were designated in 1925 and were signed by the summer of 1926 . US 161 replaced parts of two primary roads in eastern Iowa Primary Road No. 40 , which was known as the Red Ball Route , from Keokuk to Cedar Rapids , and Primary Road No. 28 , parts of which were known as the Red X Route . The northernmost forty miles ( 64 km ) of US 161 were a part of a territorial and military road from Dubuque to Iowa City . This road , authorized by President Martin Van Buren in 1839 , was known as Dillon 's Furrow , named after the Dubuque merchant Lyman Dillon who surveyed the route and marked it with a furrow . Upon designation , only a small portion of US 161 was paved , all of which was located in and around Cedar Rapids . A short section in Keokuk and the remainder of the route north of Cedar Rapids was graveled , but not paved . A 100 million bond bill ( 1 . 38 billion in 2016 dollars ) passed and approved by a plebiscite in 1928 allowed paving to commence in earnest . The entire routing of US 161 was to be completed within six years . Paving work progressed faster in some counties than it did in others . By 1930 , a hard surfaced road existed from the Missouri state line to Olds in Henry County ( 55 mi or 89 km ) and from Iowa City to northeast of Cascade in Dubuque County ( 75 mi or 121 km ) . All 185 miles ( 298 km ) of the route were paved by June 1932 . In January 1938 , US 161 was removed from the U.S. Highway System . From Keokuk to Cedar Rapids , it was replaced by US 218 , which had previously ended at US 30 south of Vinton . US 218 was extended eastward along US 30 and then southward towards Keokuk . From Cedar Rapids to Key West , it was replaced by US 151 , which had previously only existed in Wisconsin . US 151 was routed westward from Madison along US 18 to unk , then along US 118 to unk , then along US 61 into Iowa to Key West , and then along US 161 to Cedar Rapids . Major intersections
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3,746 | Even the Stars Look Lonesome ( 1997 ) is African American writer and poet Maya Angelou 's second book of essays , published during the long period between her fifth and sixth autobiographies , All God 's Children Need Traveling Shoes ( 1986 ) and A Song Flung Up to Heaven ( 2002 ) . Stars , like her first book of essays , Wouldn 't Take Nothing for My Journey Now ( 1993 ) , has been called one of Angelou 's wisdom books . By the time it was published , Angelou was well respected and popular as a writer and poet . She discusses a wide range of topics in the book 's twenty short personal essays , including Africa , aging and the young 's misconceptions of it , sex and sensuality , self reflection , independence , and violence . Most of the essays are autobiographical and had previously appeared in other publications . One essay defends Angelou 's support of Supreme Court justice Clarence Thomas , and another one centers on her friend Oprah Winfrey . Stars was an immediate bestseller , prompting Random House to increase their first printing of 350 , 000 copies to 375 , 000 , even before Angelou began her national book tour to promote it . Like her previous works , the book received generally positive reviews . An audio book , read by the author , was recorded in 2001 . Background Even the Stars Look Lonesome is Maya Angelou 's second book of essays . Stars , together with her first book of essays Wouldn 't Take Nothing for My Journey Now ( 1993 ) , is one of the volumes writer Hilton Als called Angelou 's wisdom books and homilies strung together with autobiographical texts , published during the long period between her fifth and sixth autobiographies , All God 's Children Need Traveling Shoes ( 1986 ) and A Song Flung Up to Heaven ( 2002 ) . She had published several volumes of poetry , including Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water ' fore I Diiie ( 1971 ) , which was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize . She had recited her poem On the Pulse of Morning at the inauguration of President Bill Clinton in 1993 , making her the first poet to make an inaugural recitation since Robert Frost at John F. Kennedy 's inauguration in 1961 . In 1997 , when Stars was published , The Heart of a Woman ( 1981 ) , Angelou 's fourth installment of her series of autobiographies , was chosen as an Oprah 's Book Club selection , helping it become a bestseller and increasing its total printing to over one million copies , 16 years after its publication . Also in 1997 , Angelou was in the middle of accomplishing her long standing goal becoming the first African American woman to direct a major motion picture , Down in the Delta . By the time Stars was published , Angelou had become recognized and highly respected as a spokesperson for Blacks and women . She was , as scholar Joanne Braxton has stated , without a doubt ... America 's most visible black woman autobiographer . She had also become , as reviewer Richard Long stated , a major autobiographical voice of the time . Angelou was one of the first African American female writers to publicly discuss her personal life , and one of the first to use herself as a central character in her books . Writer Julian Mayfield , who called her first autobiography I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings a work of art that eludes description , stated that Angelou 's series set a precedent not only for other Black women writers , but for the genre of autobiography as a whole . Overview Even the Stars Look Lonesome is a collection 20 short personal essays , most of which are autobiographical . All but one essay , Those Who Really Know , Teach , previously appeared in other publications . The book is dedicated to the children who will come to maturity in the twenty first century and lists more than 35 of them she knew , charging them to make this a perfect world . Angelou discusses a wide range of topics in Stars , including Africa , aging and the young 's misconceptions of it , sex and sensuality , self reflection , independence , and violence . She explores her early career as a nightclub performer . She writes about African art and the importance of understanding both the historical truth of the African American experience and the art that truth inspired . She salutes Black women , calling them precious jewels all , and profiles her friend Oprah Winfrey , who she compares to the desperate traveler who teaches us the most profound lesson and affords us the most exquisite skills . Angelou defends her controversial support of Clarence Thomas as a Supreme Court justice in one of her essays . In her final essay in the book , Angelou uses the story of the prodigal son to emphasize the value of solitude In the silence we listen to ourselves . Then we ask questions of ourselves . We describe ourselves to ourselves , and we may even hear the voice of God . Publication history and reviews Even the Stars Look Lonesome was an immediate bestseller , prompting Random House to increase their first printing of 350 , 000 copies to 375 , 000 , even before Angelou began her national book tour to promote it . An audio book , read by the author , was also published in 2001 . Like Angelou 's previous book of essays , Wouldn 't Take Nothing for My Journey Now , this book received mostly positive reviews . Ann Burns of Library Journal recommended the book and called its first essay , about the end of Angelou 's marriage to Paul du Feu , a winner . Burns also stated Her take on aging is downright amusing her tribute to sensuality , enlightening and her salute to black women , a treasure . Megan Harlan of Entertainment Weekly noted Angelou 's ease with both highbrow and middlebrow culture , as evidenced in her discussion of poetry and of Winfrey , and praised how Angelou balances lofty language with keenly self aware wit , but found the first essay incomplete . The reviewers writing for Publishers Weekly found Stars narrower in scope than Journey , but thought that her racial pride in Stars stronger and more compelling . They also stated , ... All of her opinions are deeply rooted and most are conveyed with a combination of humility , personal intelligence and wit .
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3,747 | Etna was a protected cruiser of the Italian Regia Marina ( Royal Navy ) built in the 1880s . She was the lead ship of the Etna class , which included three sister ships . Named for Mount Etna on the island of Sicily , the ship was laid down in January 1883 , was launched in September 1885 , and was completed in December 1887 . She was armed with a main battery of two 10 inch ( 254 mm ) and six 6 inch ( 152 mm ) guns , and could steam at a speed of around 17 knots ( 31 km h 20 mph ) . Etna frequently cruised abroad throughout her career , including visits to the United States for the World 's Columbian Exposition and the Hudson Fulton Celebration in 1893 and 1909 , respectively . She served as a training ship for naval cadets from 1907 . She saw action during the Italo Turkish War of 1911 12 , primarily providing gunfire support to Italian troops ashore in Libya . By the outbreak of World War I in 1914 , Etna had been withdrawn from service and was employed as a headquarters ship for the commander of the Italian fleet at Taranto and later for the light forces based at Brindisi . The old cruiser was finally sold for scrap in May 1921 . Description Etna was 283 feet 6 inches ( 86 . 4 m ) between perpendiculars , with a beam of 42 feet 6 inches ( 13 . 0 m ) . She had a mean draft of 19 feet ( 5 . 8 m ) and displaced between 3 , 474 long tons ( 3 , 530 t ) . Her crew numbered 12 officers and 296 men . The ship had two horizontal compound steam engines , each driving a single propeller , with steam provided by four double ended cylindrical boilers . Etna was credited with a top speed of 17 . 8 knots ( 33 . 0 km h 20 . 5 mph ) from 7 , 480 indicated horsepower ( 5 , 580 kW ) . She had a cruising radius of 5 , 000 nautical miles ( 9 , 300 km 5 , 800 mi ) at a speed of 10 knots ( 19 km h 12 mph ) . The main armament of the ships consisted of two Armstrong 10 inch ( 254 mm ) , 30 caliber breech loading guns mounted in barbettes fore and aft . She was also equipped with six 6 inch ( 152 mm ) , 32 caliber , breech loading guns that were carried in sponsons along the sides of the ship . For anti torpedo boat defense , Etna was fitted with five 57 millimeter ( 2 . 2 in ) 6 pounder Hotchkiss guns and five 37 millimeter ( 1 . 5 in ) 1 pounder Hotchkiss guns . Etna was also armed with four 14 inch ( 356 mm ) torpedo tubes . One was mounted in the bow underwater and the other three were above water . She was protected with an armored deck below the waterline with a maximum thickness of 1 . 5 inches ( 38 mm ) . The conning tower had .5 in ( 13 mm ) worth of armor plating . From 1905 to 1907 the ship was rebuilt with forecastle and poop decks added and her armament was revised . The heavy 10 inch guns were replaced with two quick firing ( QF ) 4 . 7 inch ( 120 mm ) guns and the six breech loading 6 inch guns were replaced by four QF 6 inch guns , two on each side amidships . Service history Etna was built by the Castellammare shipyard her keel was laid down on 19 January 1883 and her completed hull was launched on 26 September 1885 . After fitting out work was finished , she was commissioned into the Italian fleet on 3 December 1887 . Etna served in the unk unk ( Permanent Squadron ) from her commissioning to 1893 and then served in North and South American waters until the end of 1895 . During this period , Etna and the protected cruisers Dogali and Giovanni Bausan represented Italy at the international naval review in New York , held at the start of the World 's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893 . The Exposition marked the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus 's arrival in North America . Contingents from France , Germany , Britain , Spain , and several other nations also participated in the celebration . During the visit , she flew the flag of Rear Admiral G. B. unk , During the First Italo Ethiopian War of 1895 6 she was stationed in the Red Sea . She thereafter supported Italian interests during the Cretan Revolt of 1898 . In 1897 , Etna was assigned to the cruiser squadron along with Lombardia and Dogali . The ship was then transferred to the Far East , during which time she made a visit to Sydney , Australia . She returned home in 1902 and was disarmed she was then commissioned as the flagship of the Superior Torpedo Boat Command in 1904 . In 1907 , Etna was converted into a training cruiser for naval cadets . Etna visited the United States in September 1909 for the Hudson Fulton Celebration in New York City , which also included ships from the German , British , and French fleets , among others , in addition to the hosting US Navy . On this occasion , she was joined by the cruiser Etruria . Etna saw limited action during the Italo Turkish War in 1911 12 . At the outbreak of the war in September 1911 , she was stationed in eastern Africa , where Italy had colonies in Eritrea and Somaliland . She was joined there by the cruisers Elba , Liguria , Piemonte and Puglia . In December 1911 , she was stationed at Tobruk , where she , the battleship Vittorio Emanuele , the cruiser Etruria , and twelve torpedo boats provided gunfire support to the Italians defending the city . She remained there through January 1912 while the bulk of the Italian fleet returned to Italy for repairs . In April , Etna bombarded Ottoman positions outside Benghazi , and in August , she sent men ashore at Zuwarah to relieve the garrison there . On 13 September she shelled Ottoman troops near the ruins of ancient Tripoli . The following month , the Ottomans agreed to surrender , ending the war . In September 1914 , Etna was withdrawn from service as a training ship and used instead as a floating headquarters . Italy entered World War I in May 1915 and the ship was thereafter used as a harbor defense ship before returning to her previous role as a headquarters ship for the commander in chief of the Italian fleet at Taranto . By May 1917 , she had been transferred to Brindisi , where she served as the headquarters ship for Rear Admiral Alfredo Acton during the Battle of the Strait of Otranto . The old cruiser was sold for scrapping on 15 May 1921 , and was the last surviving ship of her class .
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3,748 | Andrew Andy Gordon Ganteaume ( 22 January 1921 17 February 2016 ) was a Trinidadian cricketer who played one Test match for the West Indies in 1948 as a batsman . He scored 112 in his only Test innings , which left him with the highest Test batting average in history . Ganteaume played for Trinidad from a young age and was chosen to play in a Test match against England following his good batting form in 1948 . However , his slow scoring probably cost him his place and he never played another Test , although he toured England with the West Indies in 1957 . At the time of his death , Ganteaume was the oldest surviving West Indies Test cricketer . Early life Ganteaume was born in Belmont , Port of Spain , Trinidad and Tobago . He had no formal cricket coaching but made his first class debut for Trinidad as a wicketkeeper in 1941 as a 19 year old . He scored 87 batting at number eight . Over the next few seasons , Ganteaume played regularly for Trinidad in first class competition and for North Trinidad in a non first class island competition . He also played football for the Trinidad team around this time , but his time for sport was restricted by his career in the civil service . From batting in the middle order , Ganteaume was eventually promoted to open the batting as a theory at the time suggested that unk might make good openers as they became accustomed to the conditions while keeping wicket Ganteaume neither believed this theory nor enjoyed being an opener . He scored his maiden first class century in 1946 a second followed later in the year . Test match call up In the 1947 48 season , the England cricket team toured the West Indies . When the team played in Trinidad , Ganteaume scored 101 and 47 not out in the first match but journalists criticised him for scoring slowly in easy batting conditions . In a second match against the touring side , he scored 5 and 90 but was not selected in the team for the Test match which followed Ganteaume later suggested his non selection was a result of his underprivileged background . However , an injury to Jeff Stollmeyer , one of the West Indies ' opening batsmen , before the game meant that Ganteaume was called up into the side . England batted first to score 362 , but when the West Indies batted , Ganteaume and his opening partner , George Carew shared a partnership of 173 . Once more , Ganteaume was criticised for slow batting , although he later suggested that he had concentrated on scoring singles to allow his in form partner to face the bowling . On the third day , he carried on batting to reach his century , the first in a Test match by a Trinidadian in Trinidad . The innings took around 270 minutes , but he slowed down as he neared three figures , and the West Indies ' captain sent out a note asking the batsmen to score faster . Other batsmen also batted slowly , and Ganteaume later claimed that England used negative , run saving tactics to slow the scoring rate . He did not bat in the second innings , when the West Indies needed to score runs quickly in an unsuccessful attempt to win the game . The match was drawn , having been earlier interrupted by rain which cut the playing time , but in the knowledge that quick scoring was vital , Ganteaume 's slow batting adversely affected the West Indies ' chances of victory . Ganteaume did not play in the next Test match he was replaced by John Goddard who came into the team as part of a pre arranged scheme to rotate the captaincy . He was chosen in a preliminary 24 man squad to tour India and Pakistan in 1948 49 , but did not make the final selection of 16 players , and was overlooked for the 1950 tour of England . He continued to play irregularly for Trinidad in the following years , but played no further representative cricket until 1957 . Later career Ganteaume was selected to tour England with the West Indies team in 1957 at the age of 36 . He played 19 first class matches on the tour and scored 800 runs at an average of 27 . 58 . He passed fifty in seven innings , with a top score of 92 against Glamorgan . Norman Preston , the editor of Wisden Cricketers ' Almanack , suggested neither Ganteaume nor any of the other three specialist opening batsmen in the team came up to expectations , forcing Frank Worrell to open the batting . He never came close to selection for a Test match . After the tour , Ganteaume played just twice more for Trinidad in first class cricket , and ended his career with 2 , 785 first class runs at an average of 34 . 81 and five centuries . Having played just one Test innings , Ganteaume was left with a Test batting average of 112 . This is higher than that of Donald Bradman , who has the highest average of those to play more than 20 innings in a Test career . As of 2013 , his average is the highest by a former player to have appeared in a solitary Test in their career . There are several possible reasons why Ganteaume played no further Test cricket after his single match . Apart from the slow pace of his batting during that hundred Goddard later suggested that it would have been better for Ganteaume 's career to score a rapid 60 than a slow hundred West Indies ' batting was strong at the time and there was plenty of competition for places in the team . Even so , his team mate and later West Indies captain Jeff Stollmeyer suggested that he was unlucky to be left out of subsequent teams . It is also possible that Ganteaume was affected by his attitude to authority . The cricket journalist Martin Williamson suggests Ganteaume probably paid as much for his anti establishment attitude as for slow scoring . He was certainly not someone who was going to bow and scrape to the white players who still dominated the region 's cricket . In later years , Ganteaume served as a Test selector and was West Indies manager in 1973 74 . In 2007 , his autobiography , My Story The Other Side of the Coin was published , in which he criticised the West Indies establishment of his playing days . He died at the age of 95 on 17 February 2016 . At the time of his death he was the oldest surviving West Indies Test cricketer , and the second oldest in the world .
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3,749 | Link The Faces of Evil , Zelda The Wand of Gamelon and Zelda 's Adventure are three action adventure games produced by Philips for the CD i as part of Nintendo 's The Legend of Zelda video game series . Not designed for Nintendo platforms , the games owe their existence to negotiations related to Nintendo 's decision not to have Philips create a CD add on to the Super NES . During these negotiations , Philips secured the rights to use Nintendo characters in CD i third party developer games . The Faces of Evil and The Wand of Gamelon were developed by Animation Magic and were both released in North America on October 10 , 1993 , and Zelda 's Adventure was developed by unk and was released in North America on June 5 , 1994 . The games were given little funding or time for completion , and Nintendo provided only cursory input . The Philips CD i did not sell well and the games saw relatively small sales figures . Critical reception for all three Zelda CD i titles is unusual in that while largely positive at the time of the games ' release , they have seen nearly universal negative criticism since the mid 2000s . This is attributable to the reaction of many gamers to the obscure games ' full motion video cutscenes when they first became widely available through video sharing websites like YouTube . The cutscenes are perceived to be of poor quality . Because the aging early 1990s visual effects of the titles failed to live up to the graphic effects of the 2000s , and because for many fans this was their first experience of the games , the CD i Zelda titles have developed a critical reputation as particularly poor games in the Zelda franchise based largely on animation quality and to an extent on awkward controls . In the eyes of devout hardcore gamers , according to Edge magazine , these games are now considered tantamount to blasphemy . Faces of Evil and Wand of Gamelon are played using the side scrolling view introduced in Zelda II The Adventure of Link , while Zelda 's Adventure has a top down view reminiscent of the original The Legend of Zelda . All the CD i Zelda games begin with animated FMVs to illustrate the capabilities of the CD ROM format , save Zelda 's Adventure , which begins with live action video . History In 1989 , Nintendo signed a deal with Sony to begin development of a CD ROM based system known as the SNES CD ( also known as the Nintendo PlayStation ) to be an add on to the Super Nintendo Entertainment System that would allow for FMV and larger games . However , Nintendo broke the agreement and instead signed with Philips to make the add on , which caused Sony to spin off their add on into its own console called the PlayStation . Witnessing the poor reception of the Sega Mega CD , Nintendo scrapped the idea of making an add on entirely . As part of dissolving the agreement with Philips , Nintendo gave them the license to use five of their characters , including Link , Princess Zelda , and Ganon , for games on Philips 's console called the CD i , after the partnership 's dissolution . Contracting out to independent studios , Philips subsequently used the characters to create three games for the CD i , with Nintendo taking no part in their development except to give input on the look of the characters based on the artwork from Nintendo 's original two titles and that of their respective instruction booklets . Philips insisted that the development studios utilize all aspects of the CD i 's capabilities including FMV , high resolution graphics , and CD quality music . Because the system had not been designed as a dedicated video game console , there were several technical limitations , such as unk controls ( especially for the standard infrared controller ) , and numerous problems in streaming audio , memory , disc access , and graphics . The first two games were showcased at the 1993 CES and surprised audiences with their degree of animation . Video games Link The Faces of Evil Paired with Zelda Wand of Gamelon in a simultaneous release , Link The Faces of Evil represents the first of the Zelda games to be released by Philips for the CD i . Following the traditional Link saves Zelda plotline , Faces of Evil was patterned most closely upon Nintendo 's previous side scroller , Zelda II The Adventure of Link . The game broke new ground in the video game industry by using outsourced Russian animation to create all cutscenes , and the game received largely positive contemporary reception . Modern criticism is almost universal in its harsh negativity toward the game and the animated cutscenes have become particular targets of derision . Zelda The Wand of Gamelon Reversing the traditional Link saves Zelda plotline , Wand of Gamelon stars Zelda as she adventures to rescue Link and her father the king who have not returned from their quest . As with Faces of Evil , the game was patterned most closely upon Nintendo 's previous side scroller , Zelda II The Adventure of Link , and again features outsourced Russian animation for all cutscenes . Despite the game 's similarly positive contemporary reception along with Faces of Evil , modern critics have almost unanimously derided and ridiculed the game for its inability to live up to modern expectations with the animated cutscenes again having become a particular target of negative reception . Zelda 's Adventure Released nearly 8 months after the first two Zelda CD i games , Zelda 's Adventure was created by a different third party developer , unk . The game again follows a nontraditional Zelda saves Link plotline , but it uses a different game engine than Faces of Evil and Wand of Gamelon . Whereas the first two CD i games were patterned on the side scrolling Zelda II The Adventure of Link , Zelda 's Adventure took the top down The Legend of Zelda as its model . Zelda 's Adventure featured FMV cutscenes , but rather than using drawn animation , the game used live action scenes . Reception for the game was poor , and whereas some modern critics have given more nuanced reviews of the first two games , modern criticism for Zelda 's Adventure is unanimously negative .
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3,750 | Maria unk Mara Carfagna ( born December 18 , 1975 ) is an Italian politician and former showgirl and model . After obtaining a degree in law , Carfagna worked for several years on Italian television shows and as a model . She later entered politics and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies for Forza Italia party in 2006 . From 2008 to 2011 she served as Minister for Equal Opportunity in Berlusconi IV Cabinet . Carfagna had been named the most beautiful minister in the world , and was ranked number one on Maxim 's World s Hottest Politicians . Background Carfagna was born in Salerno , where she attended the Liceo unk Giovanni da Procida . In 2001 she graduated in law from the University of Salerno , with a thesis on information law and broadcasting systems . Career as showgirl and model After having studied dance and piano , she participated in the Miss Italy contest in 1997 , finishing in sixth place . About the experience she later said That competition makes you as a woman , it matures you ... all that stress , that desire to win , it makes you understand who you are . Later she started working in television for the company Mediaset , controlled by the family of Silvio Berlusconi . From 2000 to 2006 she participated as a showgirl in the television program La unk del unk ( Sunday in the Village ) with Davide unk . In 2006 she led the program Piazza grande ( Main Square ) together with Giancarlo unk . Carfagna has also been part of the television programs I unk , unk la voce and Domenica in . Mara Carfagna has in the past posed nude on several occasions , for magazines such as Maxim . Reluctant to talk about her modeling past , she has nevertheless suggested that she had certain reservations about the work . On one occasion she said I am a bit of a prude and I found getting undressed in front of a camera not a pleasant experience . She states that she is a firm believer in family values , and claimed in an interview that she once refused to take part in a movie directed by erotic filmmaker Tinto Brass . Political career Carfagna entered politics in 2004 , and became responsible for the women 's movement in the political party Forza Italia ( presently The People of Freedom ) . In the elections of 2006 she was elected into the Chamber of Deputies for Forza Italia , and in the 2008 elections running as the third candidate from The People of Freedom in the district Campania 2 she was reelected . When she first entered parliament Berlusconi jokingly commented that Forza Italia practiced the law of unk unk the right of a feudal lord to take the virginity of his female subjects . As a deputy she was secretary of the Commission for Constitutional Affairs , and has been described as a diligent , hard working parliamentarian . On May 8 , 2008 she was appointed Minister for Equal Opportunity , in the fourth cabinet of Silvio Berlusconi , an appointment that was widely publicised internationally , with focus on her special background . Carfagna has been vocal on certain issues , such as the level of crime in her home town of Salerno , after having herself been the victim of burglary on three different occasions . She describes herself as an antifeminist , as she believes that liberty depends not on independence , but on rules and discipline . She opposes gay marriage , and says that matrimonial rights should be tied to reproduction . Soon after her accession she refused to back a gay pride march , arguing that discrimination was no longer a problem for homosexuals in Italy because the homophobia was just a thinking offence , a statement that was strongly criticised by gay rights groups . In September 2008 , Carfagna introduced proposal for a new law making street prostitution a crime , with fines for both clients and prostitutes . The bill was her first major initiative as a minister . She said that at present in Italy , as in the great majority of Western countries , brothels and the exploitation of prostitutes by pimps were illegal but prostitution as such was not . She described street prostitution as a shameful phenomenon . Carfagna was criticized by prostitutes ' representatives and other charities for introducing the bill . However , some Catholic charities praised her for having the courage to take on prostitution as a serious social evil . In 2009 she became the first political promoter of the law against stalking offence . This law was finally approved on 23 February 2009 , introduced as a package of bills known as the unk Maroni . In the same year she signed a campaign against homophobia in Italy , with television spots , images on magazines and wall attachments on cities . She also proposed a bill against homophobia , in which homophobia was considered as an aggravating circumstance in bullying events . This bill was next refused by the Parliament . In 2010 during political debate for the 8th March celebration she claimed that women gained the right to vote in Italy in 1960 ( while they did in 1946 ) and that the law that rules unk relationship was reformed in 1970 ( while it was in 1975 ) Controversies In January 2007 , Carfagna was at the center of a controversy that received international attention . On the evening of the unk award show , Berlusconi said about Carfagna that If I was not already married I would have married her immediately . The comment caused Berlusconi 's wife , Veronica Lario , to demand an apology through a national newspaper , something which she also received . Carfagna herself has later described the comment as gallant and harmless , and said that she did not quite understand Lario 's reaction . On July 5 , 2008 , the Argentine journal Clarn reported about telephone wiretap records authorized for an anti corruption investigation . Reporter Julio unk wrote that Carfagna and Silvio Berlusconi engaged in a telephone conversation with explicit allusions to oral sex . The wiretap transcripts have not been published , but the Italian newspaper La Repubblica interviewed the former vice minister of Foreign Affairs in the Berlusconi II Cabinet and socialist executive Margherita unk , who admitted the existence of some messages .
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3,751 | The Texan schooner Independence was one of the four schooners of the First Texas Navy ( 1836 1838 ) . In 1836 , Charles Hawkins , a veteran of the United States and Mexican navies , visited Texas Governor Henry Smith , seeking a commission in the new Texas Navy . Smith was impressed with his credentials and sent him to New Orleans , where he was given the task of acquiring the United States revenue cutter Ingham for the Texas Navy , which he did in early January 1836 , for 1 , 710 . After the Texas victory at the Battle of San Jacinto in April , 1836 , Independence carried the Texas President and his captive , General Santa Anna , to Velasco , where the Treaty of Velasco was negotiated and signed . While being refitted in New Orleans in early 1837 , her skipper died and a new captain was appointed . When next she sailed in April 1837 , Independence was attacked and surrendered to a superior Mexican force and her officers and passengers were imprisoned . The ship was later commissioned in the Mexican Navy where she served against her former masters . Service during the Texas Revolution From January until March , 1836 , before Texas declared her independence from Mexico , Commodore Charles Hawkins cruised the Coahuila y Tejas coast between Galveston and Tampico , destroying a considerable number of small craft , with all material on board that could be used to the injury of Texas . By 12 March , the Independence returned to New Orleans for refitting , but she quickly returned to Matagorda to block supplies to the Mexican Army . However , with the retreat of Sam Houston 's army after the Texans ' defeats at the siege of the Battle of the Alamo and Battle of Goliad , Hawkins was forced to move his ship up the Texas coast from Matagorda to Galveston . With the rebel government in disarray during the Runaway Scrape , Independence 's mission was to defend Galveston from invasion and block resupply of Santa Anna 's nearby army . The Treaty of Velasco and after Thereafter , Independence was involved in two important diplomatic missions , first in May 1836 carrying San Jacinto President David G. Burnet , with his cabinet , and Santa Anna to sign the Treaty of Velasco after the Battle of San Jacinto and then , in June , setting sail for New Orleans with commissioners Peter William Grayson and James W. Collinsworth on board . These men continued their journey to Washington , D.C. , where they negotiated with the United States for the recognition of the independence of Texas . In the summer of 1836 , Independence was the only ship of the Texas Navy on duty in the Gulf of Mexico Liberty having been sold to pay the cost of refurbishment and Invincible and Brutus in New York City for repairs . Mexican authorities had recently repudiated the Treaty of Velasco claiming that General Santa Anna did not have the capacity to bind Mexico to recognize Texas ' independence . With rumors of an imminent invasion of Texas by Mexico , Independence carried out a screening and patrol action at Matamoros , which the Texans had ordered blockaded . In the fall of 1836 , Independence returned to New Orleans for refitting and while there Commodore Hawkins died of smallpox . When Independence sailed from New Orleans on 10 April 1837 , with Texas minister to the United States , William H. Wharton aboard , she was skippered by her new Captain , George W. Wheelwright , who had been left without a command after the forced sale of Liberty in May 1836 . Battle of Brazos River On her next cruise , Independence had smooth sailing for about seven days when on 17 April she encountered the Mexican brigs of war unk del unk and Libertador off the mouth of the Brazos River . The initial sighting of the two Mexican brigs was at about 5 30 am . Outgunned and unk , Independence fled up Brazos River for protection at the small riverside town of Velasco . The Mexican vessels pursued the Texans eventually the two brigs came within cannon range several hours later at 9 30 am . unk del Alamo of sixteen 8 pound guns and 140 men , sailed with Libertador of six 12 pound guns and one 18 pounder , crewed by about 100 men . Independence of eight guns total , raised her colors followed by Libertador which then fired the first broadside that had no effect . Shortly afterward Independence fired a broadside with her weather battery of one 9 pound gun , three 6 pound guns , and one pivot gun . For two hours , Independence continued up Brazos River with the Mexican brigs in close pursuit , occasionally stopping to fire on each other . By 11 30 am the Texans had reached Velasco Captain Wheelwright had no choice but to fight to the end , apparently not being able to continue up the Brazos River any further . The final engagement took place right in front of the small Texan town and populace , including the Texas Secretary of the Navy Samuel Rhoads Fisher . The Mexicans not being far behind came within range and Captain Wheelwright ordered his men to engage once more . The shots managed to damage the main top gallant mast of the Libertador . After another broadside in Libertador 's direction , two Mexicans lay dead and a few more were wounded aboard the brig of war . More shots damaged Libertador 's foremast and knocked out one of her 12 pounders . However , these broadsides did not slow the Mexican ships Libertador approached Independence head on while unk del Alamo maneuvered around to Independence 's other side . The two brigs quickly came within pistol shots range and both fired a mixture of cannon projectiles . This is when a ball smashed through Independence 's quarter gallery wall and into the Texan captain , taking off three of his fingers on his right hand . Severely wounded and taken below , command of the schooner passed to Lieutenant John W. Taylor , who finished the last few moments of battle before receiving orders from Wheelwright to surrender . With this action , the battle was over . Taylor surrendered the ship . Imprisoned in Matamoros , Independence 's officers and Wharton eventually escaped or were released by the Mexican government . The ship was taken into service of the Mexican Navy under the new name La Independencia .
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3,752 | Chicago Options Associates ( COA ) is a finance company in Chicago , Illinois which specializes in trading options and futures contracts . It was founded in 1987 by Oliver R. W. unk and Michael E. Davis . In 1994 Davis was its chief executive officer , hiring then graduate student Jimmy Wales as research director Wales served in this position until 1998 . The company and Davis were the subject of litigation resulting from a 2007 Illinois Supreme Court decision . In Dowling v. Chicago Options Associates , plaintiff Brian Dowling successfully sued the company ( and Davis ) , winning a judgement of US 817 , 830 . 45 from both defendants . Davis tried to shield his assets by transferring funds to a law firm , DLA Piper , which had assisted him in buying a home in Florida . During this representation , Davis paid a retainer of 100 , 000 to DLA Piper Dowling maintained that he was owed this money . Although the circuit and appellate courts agreed with Dowling , the Illinois Supreme Court reversed and found with DLA Piper . The Illinois State Bar Association and Chicago Bar Association filed amicus curiae briefs in the case , favoring the law firm 's position . This decision by the Illinois Supreme Court was the first time the concept of advance payment retainer was recognized in the state , and the court codified its ruling into a 2009 regulation affecting legal practice in Illinois . History Options and futures trading Chicago Options Associates is a finance company incorporated in Chicago , Illinois which specializes in trading options and futures contracts . It was founded in 1987 by Michael E. Davis ( a 1983 MBA graduate from the University of Chicago ) and Oliver R. W. unk , who received a bachelor 's degree from that school in 1981 . The company originally had offices in Chicago and Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . The chief executive officer of Chicago Options Associates in 1994 was Michael Davis , and the company had established a successful reputation in Chicago . Davis hired Indiana University economics Ph.D. graduate student Jimmy Wales to analyze the company 's pricing model strategy Wales left his graduate program to join the company as research director , serving in that capacity from 1994 through 1998 . He was adept at determining future movements of foreign currencies and interest rates , and Davis mentored Wales in more aggressive financial trading . Davis joined Wales and Tim Shell in 1996 to form the Internet company , Bomis . In 2003 , when Wales decided to form a non profit organization to manage the website Wikipedia , Davis , Shell and Wales formed the initial three member Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees . In 2013 , Chicago Options Associates was located on LaSalle Street in Chicago . Dowling v Chicago Options Associates , Inc In 2007 , the company was the subject of a decision in a lawsuit before the Illinois Supreme Court when a creditor argued that it was owed monies from the defendants after judgments were obtained against them . The court ruled against the creditor and in favor of the law firm , stating that the retainer owed to the firm took precedence . In Dowling v Chicago Options Associates , Inc , the Illinois Supreme Court ruled that preemptive retainers used by attorneys were acceptable arrangements with clients . The original case was between plaintiff Brian Dowling and defendants Chicago Options Associates and Michael E. Davis , in which Dowling won a judgement of 817 , 830 . 45 from the defendants . After the court entered its judgement against him , Davis then tried to shield his assets from the plaintiff using his attorney client relationship with the law firm of DLA Piper to assist him in buying a home in Florida . As part of this arrangement , Davis transferred funds into a trust account controlled by DLA Piper . At that time , as stated in the contract between DLA Piper and Davis , the law firm was allocated 100 , 000 of those funds as its retainer the funds were used to pay day to day company expenses . When Dowling 's attorneys learned about the retainer to DLA Piper they asked the court to order the return of the retainer to the plaintiff , and the circuit court ruled in favor of Dowling . On appeal , the decision was upheld . The Illinois Supreme Court reversed the circuit court decision , ruling that the retainer was the property of DLA Piper and not Dowling . Both the Illinois State Bar Association and Chicago Bar Association filed amicus curiae briefs in the case favoring the law firm 's position . The case dealt with the concept of an advance payment retainer , a fee given to an attorney for later services to a client . An advance payment retainer became part of an attorney 's assets as soon as it was paid , regardless of subsequent events . More common types of retainer defined by the court included the classic retainer ( also known as a true retainer ) and the security retainer . A classic retainer was described by the court as one used in an attorney client relationship for a set length of time or a particular purpose . A security retainer referred to a deposit kept in a trust account by the attorney , distinct from their own assets . The case was the first recognition of advance payment retainers in Illinois . The case became a parameter for defining retainers in Illinois . The Illinois Bar Journal observed in 2009 , The starting point for any discussion of getting paid for work in the private practice of law is retainer fees . In Dowling v Chicago Options Associates , Inc ... the supreme court identified three types of lawyer retainer fees that are permissible in this state ... and referred to the legal descriptions as Dowling fee classifications . On July 1 , 2009 , the Illinois Supreme Court codified the definitions set forth in the case as a rule applicable to the practice of law in the state known as Rule 1 . 15 ( c ) , it came into practice on January 1 , 2010 . The Illinois Bar Journal noted , Paragraph ( c ) of the rule reflects the recent supreme court decision in Dowling v Chicago Options Associates , Inc ( 4 ) and describes in detail the so called advance payment retainer recognized in Dowling .
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3,753 | HMS Royal Oak was a Prince Consort class armoured frigate built for the Royal Navy in the 1860s . The lead ship of her class , she is sometimes described as a half sister to the other three ships because of her different engine and boiler arrangements . Like her sisters , she was converted into an ironclad from a wooden ship of the line that was still under construction . The ship spent most of her career with the Mediterranean Fleet , only briefly serving with the Channel Fleet . Royal Oak returned home in 1871 for a refit , but was instead placed in reserve to save money . Fourteen years later , still in reserve , she was sold for scrap in 1885 . Design and description HMS Royal Oak was 273 feet ( 83 . 2 m ) long between perpendiculars and had a beam of 58 feet 6 inches ( 17 . 8 m ) . The ship had a draught of 23 feet 11 inches ( 7 . 3 m ) forward and 25 feet 2 inches ( 7 . 7 m ) aft . She displaced 6 , 366 long tons ( 6 , 468 t ) and had a tonnage of 4 , 056 tons burthen . Royal Oak had a low centre of gravity which meant that she rolled a lot and was an unsteady gun platform . She was , however , very handy and sailed well in all weathers under sail or steam . Her crew consisted of 585 officers and enlisted men . Propulsion Royal Oak had a simple horizontal 2 cylinder horizontal return connecting rod steam engine , built by Maudslay , that drove a single propeller shaft using steam that was provided by six rectangular boilers . The engine produced 3 , 704 indicated horsepower ( 2 , 762 kW ) during the ship 's sea trials on 15 June 1863 which gave the ship a maximum speed of 12 . 5 knots ( 23 . 2 km h 14 . 4 mph ) under steam . She carried a maximum of 550 long tons ( 560 t ) of coal , enough to steam 2 , 200 nautical miles ( 4 , 100 km 2 , 500 mi ) at 5 knots ( 9 . 3 km h 5 . 8 mph ) . The ship was initially barque rigged with three masts and had a sail area of 25 , 000 square feet ( 2 , 300 m2 ) . Yards were added to the ship 's mizzenmast in June 1866 and Royal Oak was given a full ship rig which she retained for the rest of her career . Her propeller was designed to be disconnected and hoisted up into the stern of the ship to reduce drag while under sail , but this was rarely done because there was no bulkhead surrounding the hoisting holes which could have flooded the ship if their covers had been removed in even a moderate sea . To further reduce drag , the funnel was telescopic and could be lowered . Her best speed with the propeller disconnected and under sail alone was 13 . 5 knots ( 25 . 0 km h 15 . 5 mph ) , the fastest of any British ironclad , and she was the only ship to exceed her best speed using steam while under sail . Armament Royal Oak was initially armed with 24 smoothbore , muzzle loading 68 pounder guns on the main deck and 11 rifled breech loading ( RBL ) Armstrong seven inch , 110 pounder guns . Eight of these were also on the main deck and the other three served as chase guns on the upper deck , two at the bow and one aft . The 7 . 9 inch ( 201 mm ) solid shot of the 68 pounder gun weighed approximately 68 pounds ( 30 . 8 kg ) while the gun itself weighed 10 , 640 pounds ( 4 , 826 . 2 kg ) . The gun had a muzzle velocity of 1 , 579 ft s ( 481 m s ) and had a range of 3 , 200 yards ( 2 , 900 m ) at an elevation of 12 . The seven inch ( 178 mm ) shell of the 110 pounder Armstrong breech loader weighed 107 110 pounds ( 48 . 5 49 . 9 kg ) . It had a muzzle velocity of 1 , 150 ft s ( 350 m s ) and , at an elevation of 11 . 25 , a maximum range of 4 , 000 yards ( 3 , 700 m ) . All of the guns could fire both solid shot and explosive shells . The ship 's original armament was replaced during her 1867 refit with 20 seven inch and 8 eight inch ( 203 mm ) rifled muzzle loading guns , four of the seven inch guns were chase guns . The shell of the 15 calibre eight inch gun weighed 175 pounds ( 79 . 4 kg ) while the gun itself weighed nine long tons ( 9 . 1 t ) . It had a muzzle velocity of 1 , 410 ft s ( 430 m s ) and was credited with the ability to penetrate a 9 . 6 inches ( 244 mm ) of wrought iron armour at the muzzle . The 16 calibre seven inch gun weighed 6 . 5 long tons ( 6 . 6 t ) and fired a 112 pound ( 50 . 8 kg ) shell that was able penetrate 7 . 7 inch ( 196 mm ) of armour . Armour The entire side of the Prince Consort class ships , from the upper deck level downwards , was protected by wrought iron armour that tapered from 3 inches ( 76 mm ) at the ends to 4 . 5 inches ( 114 mm ) amidships . The armour extended 5 feet 6 inches ( 1 . 7 m ) below the waterline and was backed by the sides of the hull which were 29 . 5 inches ( 749 mm ) thick . Construction and service Royal Oak , named for the English oak tree within which King Charles II hid to escape after his defeat at Battle of Worcester in 1651 , was laid down on 1 May 1860 at Chatham Dockyard as a 90 gun Bulwark class ship of the line . She was ordered to be converted to an ironclad on 14 May 1861 and was launched on 10 September 1862 . The ship was commissioned in April 1863 to run her trials and completed on 28 May , for the price of 245 , 537 . Royal Oak briefly served with the Channel Fleet before she was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet . She was paid off for a refit and re arming in 1867 , and then rejoined the Channel Fleet for six months . She was accidentally rammed by HMS Warrior in heavy weather at night on 14 August 1868 the impact sheared off the main and mizzen unk as well as all the boats on the starboard side . Three months later the ship returned to the Mediterranean , and was present at the opening of the Suez Canal in November 1869 where she grounded on an uncharted sandbank outside Port Said , Egypt , without sustaining any damage . She paid off for an extensive refit at Portsmouth at the end of 1871 , but was instead laid up as an economy measure . Royal Oak remained in fourth class reserve for 14 years until she was no longer worth repairing and was sold for breaking up on 30 September 1885 . Memorials A block of housing within the new development at Rochester Riverside has been named after this ship .
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3,754 | The Sebright unk is a breed of chicken named after its developer , Sir John Saunders Sebright . The Sebright is one of the oldest recorded British ' true ' bantam ( meaning it is a miniature bird with no corresponding large version of the breed ) , created in the 19th century through a selective breeding program designed to produce an ornamental breed . The first poultry breed to have its own specialist club for enthusiasts , Sebrights were admitted to poultry exhibition standards not long after their establishment . Today , they are among the most popular of bantam breeds . Despite their popularity , Sebrights are often difficult to breed , and the inheritance of certain unique characteristics the breed carries has been studied scientifically . As a largely ornamental chicken , they lay tiny , white eggs and are not kept for meat production . History Background Sir John Saunders Sebright ( 1767 1846 ) was the 7th Sebright Baronet , and a Member of Parliament for Hertfordshire . In addition to breeding chickens , cattle and other animals , Sir John wrote several influential pamphlets on animal keeping and breeding The Art of Improving the Breeds of Domestic Animals ( 1809 ) , Observations upon Hawking ( 1826 ) , and Observations upon the Instinct of Animals ( 1836 ) . Charles Darwin read Sir John 's 1809 pamphlet , and was impressed with a passage that elaborated on how the weak and the unhealthy do not live to propagate their infirmities . These writings , along with Darwin 's correspondence via their mutual friend William Yarrell , aided Darwin in the inception of Darwin 's theory of natural selection . Darwin 's seminal work On the Origin of Species , first published in 1859 , cited Sir John 's experiments in pigeon breeding , and recalled That most skilful breeder , Sir John Sebright , used to say , with respect to pigeons , that ' he would produce any given feather in three years , but it would take him six years to obtain head and beak . ' Darwin also cited Sir John extensively regarding the Sebright bantam , as well as pigeon and dog breeding , in his 1868 work Variation of Plants and Animals Under Domestication , his 1871 The Descent of Man , and Selection in Relation to Sex , and his book on Natural Selection ( which was not published in his lifetime ) . Development With the breed that carries his name , John Sebright intentionally set out to create a very small bantam chicken with laced plumage similar to the laced variety of Polish chickens . Although the exact makeup of the breed is uncertain , he is thought to have crossed British , Hamburgh , Nankin and Polish birds with a base of unk before achieving a laced chicken that would breed true . After the breed 's establishment circa 1810 , Sebright founded The Sebright Bantam Club , which was the very first individual breed association for chickens . The breed has appeared in the American Poultry Association 's Standard of Perfection since the first edition in 1874 . Today , the breed is one of the ten most popular bantam chickens , according to the American Bantam Association . Characteristics In accordance with the intentions of their creator , the Sebright is an ornamental bantam , and is commonly seen in competitive poultry shows . As a true bantam , all Sebrights are very small in stature males weigh an average of 22 ounces ( 625 grams ) and females 20 oz ( 570 g ) . Their short backs , proportionally large breasts , and downward pointing wings combine to create an angular , jaunty look . All Sebrights have plumage that is laced around the edges evenly with black , on a base of either dark gold or whitish silver . Sebrights have unfeathered legs with slate blue skin , and their beaks are ideally a dark horn color . Sebright roosters carry a rose comb covered with fine points , and a small spike that sweeps back from the head ( called a leader ) . Combs , earlobes and wattles were originally a purple colour referred to in the fancy as mulberry , but today are often bright red though mulberry is still desired according to the standards in most countries . Some breeders consider hen feathering to have an adverse effect on the fertility of male Sebrights , and may use roosters that don 't carry the trait for breeding purposes , despite their automatic disqualification in shows . Characteristically , Sebrights are only one of a few chicken breeds in which the roosters are hen feathered , meaning they have none of the long , sickle shaped feathers common in most roosters that appear in the tail , neck and saddle . Due to the unique characteristic hen feathering , molecular biologists have found the Sebright bantam a useful model organism in the study of sex hormones . This is because they carry a mutation that causes the tissues of their skin to convert an unusually large amount of male sex hormones ( androgens ) into female sex hormones ( estrogens ) . They are kind birds but the male Sebright may get protective around hens and may turn on its own owners like all roosters may do . And due to their light , flighty nature it might be best to keep them contained to a smaller , fenced off area . Sebrights often will live happily living amongst other breeds as well . Sebrights are not prolific unk and hens are only expected to produce 60 80 creamy white eggs each season . Husbandry Sebrights are neither prolific egg layers , nor outstanding meat birds . They can prove to be particularly difficult to raise , especially for beginners . Hens rarely go broody and chicks usually have high mortality rates . Adults are generally hardy birds , but are especially susceptible to Marek 's disease . In temperament , Sebrights are friendly and actively social birds . Males are not known to be aggressive , but Sebrights in general , like most small chickens , are somewhat skittish birds . Due to their small size and relatively large wings , they are one of a minority of chicken breeds that retains a strong flying ability . Thus , most keepers keep Sebrights in confinement rather than allowing them to free range . Due to their genetic make up , males may on occasion be born infertile , further complicating breeding .
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3,755 | Marita Covarrubias is a fictional character on the American science fiction television series The X Files . She was initially introduced as an informant , leaking diplomatic information to FBI Special Agent Fox Mulder to aid his investigation of paranormal cases , dubbed X Files . However , she was revealed to be an agent of the secretive Syndicate , although ultimately betraying that organization on several occasions . Introduced in the fourth season opener Herrenvolk , the character remained a recurring presence until the series ' finale , The Truth . The character of Marita Covarrubias was portrayed by Laurie Holden in all her appearances . She was introduced as a replacement for Steven Williams ' character X , after the latter was killed by a Syndicate assassin . The character has received mixed criticism , being compared unfavorably to similar characters from the series . Conceptual history The X Files ' creator Chris Carter felt it would be more interesting for Mulder 's next contact to be a woman , noting that he wanted there to be some suspicion about whether Mulder would become involved with her romantically . X , the character who had previously filled Covarrubias ' role as an informant in the series , had originally been cast as a female character . However Natalija Nogulich , the actress cast in that role , was replaced by Steven Williams after shooting her first scene . When auditioning for the role of Marita Covarrubias , Laurie Holden was not allowed access to an episode script , instead simply being told that her character worked for the United Nations and had an air of intelligent seriousness . The actress had never seen the series before she auditioned for the part , and was required to audition using only three pages of scripted material from what would be her debut episode . Holden was required to learn Russian for the episode Patient X , and commented that roughly fifteen seconds of screen time took hours to rehearse . The voice coach responsible for instructing Holden and Nicholas Lea in their Russian dialogue tested their proficiency by asking them to speak to Russian speaking friends of his over the telephone . Holden felt that the two part episode Two Fathers and One Son offered her cold , emotionless , private character a chance to come across as vulnerable , exposed and raw . Character arc Marita Covarrubias is introduced as an informant to Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) after the death of his former source , X ( Steven Williams ) . X scrawls the letters SRSG in his own blood as he dies , leading Mulder to the Special Representative to the Secretary General of the United Nations . Covarrubias uses her diplomatic connections to help Mulder infiltrate the Russian province of Krasnoyarsk , allowing him to reach the site of the Tunguska event . However , it is later seen that Covarrubias is working for The Smoking Man ( William B. Davis ) and the Syndicate . During the fifth season , the Syndicate discovered that Covarrubias had betrayed them and was providing information to Mulder . As a result , Syndicate scientists infect her with black oil in order to test a vaccine they had been working to create . In the following season , Covarrubias is discovered by FBI agent Jeffrey Spender ( Chris Owens ) at a decontamination chamber . She begs him to help her escape the facility , addressing him by name as well as giving him information about the whereabouts of his mother , Cassandra . Alex Krycek ( Nicholas Lea ) , a former Syndicate agent now acting alone , is also present at the facility . He declines to help the pair , and leaves Covarrubias for dead . Covarrubias returns in the seventh season episode Requiem , restored to health . She makes contact with Krycek at the behest of The Smoking Man , who wishes to resume the work of the now eradicated Syndicate . Having been given the location of a downed UFO , she and Krycek betray The Smoking Man , instead going to FBI assistant director Walter Skinner and Mulder to inform them about the craft . They later turn on The Smoking Man , pushing him down a flight of stairs and leaving him for dead . In the series finale The Truth , Skinner seeks Covarrubias as a witness in Mulder 's trial for murder . After Skinner fails to track her down , the ghost of X hands Mulder a scrap of paper with her new address on it . She is called upon to testify , and speaks about her involvement with the Syndicate to some extent . However , when pressed for further information about the continuation of the conspiracy she clams up , and at Mulder 's request is dismissed from the stand for fear that if she divulges certain knowledge , she would be killed . Reception The character of Marita Covarrubias has been met with generally negative criticism . Robert Shearman and Lars Pearson , in their book Wanting to Believe A Critical Guide to The X Files , Millennium The Lone Gunmen , felt that the character was used so perfunctorily since her introduction that her appearances added little to the episodes she featured in , describing her as a bad parody of the earlier characters Deep Throat and X. Debra unk , writing for Cinefantastique , felt that Holden 's acting in One Son was heart breaking sic , but found that she had unfortunately been used simply to convey a plot point to other characters . Also writing for Cinefantastique , Paula Vitaris noted that Covarrubias is a problematic character , adding that she never breaks out of her function as a plot device . Zack Handlen , writing for The A.V. Club , felt that Covarrubias ' introduction in Herrenvolk was ill timed , noting that it deflates the importance of X 's death in the episode . Writer Frank Spotnitz has described Covarrubias , along with Alex Krycek , as young , attractive , vital and dangerous compared to the other , older , characters working for the Syndicate . Holden has compared the character to Mata Hari , adding that you can 't really read what she 's saying or what her intentions are . During the series ' initial broadcast run , fans referred to Covarrubias as unk , a reference to her United Nations posting and her dyed hair .
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3,756 | Meteorite is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey from her fourteenth studio album , Me . I Am Mariah ... The Elusive Chanteuse ( 2014 ) . It was composed by Carey and Q Tip . A disco track , it contains a sample of the recording Goin ' Up in Smoke written by Allan Felder , Norman Harris , and Ron Tyson , all of whom received songwriting credits for Meteorite as a result . It also quotes an observation by Andy Warhol that everyone will achieve fame for 15 minutes . Meteorite garnered mostly positive reviews from music critics , many of whom praised the disco influence and highlighted it as one of the album 's best tracks . The song peaked at number 70 on the international download chart in South Korea . Carey performed Meteorite at the 2014 World Music Awards , for which she was criticized for arriving over an hour late , and included it on the set list of her 2014 tour , The Elusive Chanteuse Show . Production and composition In an interview with Fuse in August 2012 , Q Tip confirmed that he was working with Carey on material for her fourteenth studio album . In April 2014 , Carey confirmed that she and Q Tip had worked together on a song which was yet to be mixed in an interview with unk Of the collaboration , Carey said He 's angry with me because he thinks that I didn 't allow him to do his mix , but really it 's okay . He loves me , we 're going to make this work . And that 's good because it 's one of my favorite songs . I 'm going to call him soon ... I think we need to get that ready . She also stated that it was the first time they had worked together since composing Honey for Carey 's sixth studio album , Butterfly ( 1997 ) . Meteorite was written and produced by Carey and Q Tip . It was recorded by Brian Garten and Blair Wells at several locations , including Rapture Studios in Bel Air , Metrocity Studios and Jungle City Studios in New York City , and Pon de Islands Studio in Antigua . Rob unk served as the assistant during the recording sessions . Manny Marroquin mixed the song at Larrabee Studios in Universal City , and was assisted by Chris Galland and Delbert Bowers . Meteorite is a disco song with influences of dance music and 1980s style pop music , which lasts for a duration of three minutes and 59 seconds . Mike Wass of Idolator noted that Carey has dabbled with disco music since the release of Fantasy in 1995 , but never as faithfully as she does on Meteorite and another album track You Don 't Know What to Do . The song begins with an observation by Andy Warhol that everyone will achieve 15 minutes of fame which is followed by a rocket launch blast off sound effect . Instrumentation consists of bass performed by Louis Cato , keyboards by Ray Angry and Q Tip , and Chris unk on guitar . Lewis Corner for Digital Spy noted that is also makes use of a rattling percussion and a 1970s style cosmic synth line . Carey provided her own background vocals . Courtesy of permission granted by Motown Records , the song incorporates a sample of Eddie Kendricks ' 1976 song Goin ' Up in Smoke , written by Allan Felder , Norman Harris and Ron Tyson all three received songwriting credits for Meteorite as a result . Me . I Am Mariah ... The Elusive Chanteuse was available to stream for free on iTunes prior to its release . During this time , an alternate version of the song called the Meteorite Q Tip Remix was released by Q Tip on May 23 , 2014 to stream on Spotify . It features a different arrangement and mix to that of the version included on the album , and has a galloping beat according to Rap Up . Critical reception Meteorite received mostly positive reviews from contemporary music critics . Eric Henderson for Slant Magazine noted that Meteorite , along with You Don 't Know What to Do , are two of Carey 's most serious minded performances on the album , describing them as galaxies away from her 2008 single I 'll Be Lovin ' U Long Time . Of Meteorite , he wrote The chugging midnight soul train to gorgeous ' Meteorite ' burns bright on the still potent embers of Eddie Kendricks 's urgent masterpiece ' Goin ' Up in Smoke ' . PopMatters writer Devone Jones complimented Carey taking a brave step into untouched territory in recording a 1980s style song . Labeling the track a breezy banger and an album highlight , Corner wrote that the song embodies an oddly other worldly feel . Fashion designer Donatella Versace and friend of Carey 's told Vogue that Meteorite is upbeat and has the power to lift your mood . Jim Farber of New York Daily News complimented the track , writing that the disco beat and the Warhol quote was reminiscent of Studio 54 . John Sargent for Pitchfork Media was less impressed with the song , simply commenting that the song is a gloopy scoop of Cher schmaltz . AXS writer John Shetler was critical of Meteorite and included it on his four worst songs list from the album , writing ' Meteorite ' gets bonus points for opening with an Andy Warhol quote , but that s not enough to save the non descript dance track with a grating , repetitive chorus and unimaginative lyrics about shooting stars and burning up the night sky . Live performances Carey opened the 2014 World Music Awards with Meteorite in May 2014 . In addition to performing , she was attending the event to collect a Pop Icon award for having sold 200 million records worldwide and for having the most number one songs for a solo artist in the United States . Carey was criticized for arriving at the ceremony over an hour late and delaying the show . Carey performed underneath disco balls while dancers skated around her on roller skates . Both Rap Up and Vibe described the performance as dazzling , with the former writing that Carey lit up the stage . The show was due to air on NBC and was later cancelled by the network , though the ceremony later aired on August 3 through 4Music . Meteorite was included on Carey 's 2014 tour , The Elusive Chanteuse Show . Charts Meteorite debuted at number 70 on the South Korea International Download Singles Chart for the week ending May 31 , 2014 , with sales of 3 , 088 units .
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3,757 | Benedetto Brin was a Regina Margherita class pre dreadnought battleship built for the Italian Regia Marina between 1899 and 1905 . The ship was armed with a main battery of four 12 inch ( 300 mm ) guns and was capable of a top speed of 20 knots ( 37 km h 23 mph ) . Benedetto Brin saw combat in the Italo Turkish War of 1911 1912 , including the bombardment of Tripoli in October 1911 . She was destroyed by an internal explosion during World War I in September 1915 , which killed over 450 of the ship 's crew . Design Benedetto Brin was 138 . 65 meters ( 455 ft ) long overall and had a beam of 23 . 84 m ( 78 ft ) and a draft of 9 m ( 30 ft ) . She displaced 14 , 737 metric tons ( 14 , 504 long tons 16 , 245 short tons ) at full combat load . Her propulsion system consisted of two triple expansion engines . Steam for the engines was provided by twenty eight coal fired Belleville boilers . The ship 's propulsion system provided a top speed of 20 knots ( 37 km h 23 mph ) and a range of approximately 10 , 000 nautical miles ( 19 , 000 km 12 , 000 mi ) at 10 knots ( 19 km h 12 mph ) . Benedetto Brin had a crew of 812 officers and enlisted men . As built , the ship was armed with four 12 in ( 305 mm ) 40 caliber guns placed in two twin gun turrets , one forward and one aft . The ship was also equipped with four 8 in ( 203 mm ) 40 cal. guns in casemates in the superstructure , and twelve 6 in ( 152 mm ) 40 cal. guns , also in casemates in the side of the hull . Close range defense against torpedo boats was provided by a battery of twenty 3 in ( 76 mm ) 40 cal. guns . The ship also carried a pair of 47 mm ( 1 . 9 in ) guns , two 37 mm ( 1 . 5 in ) guns , and two 10 mm ( 0 . 4 in ) Maxim guns . Benedetto Brin was also equipped with four 17 . 7 in ( 450 mm ) torpedo tubes placed in the hull below the waterline . The ship was protected with Harvey steel manufactured in Terni . The main belt was 6 in ( 152 mm ) thick , and the deck was 3 . 1 in ( 79 mm ) thick . The conning tower and the casemate guns were also protected by 6 in of armor plating . The main battery guns had stronger armor protection , at 8 in ( 203 mm ) thick . Service The ship was built by the Castellammare di Stabia shipyard . Her keel was laid down on 30 January 1899 , and the completed hull was launched on 7 November 1901 in the presence of the King and Queen of Italy , government officials , and the whole Italian Mediterranean squadron . Fitting out work lasted for the next four years , and she was completed on 1 September 1905 . It took so long primarily because of non delivery of material , particularly the heavy armor . After she entered active service , the ship was assigned to the Mediterranean Squadron . The Squadron was usually only activated for seven months of the year in peacetime , which was occupied with training maneuvers , and the rest of the year the ships were placed in reserve . In 1907 , the Mediterranean Squadron consisted of Benedetto Brin , her sister Regina Margherita , and three of the Regina Elena class battleships . The ships participated in the annual maneuvers in late September and early October , under the command of Vice Admiral Alfonso di Brocchetti . Benedetto Brin remained in the active duty squadron through 1910 , by which time the fourth Regina Elena class ship was completed , bringing the total number of front line battleships to six . Italo Turkish War On 29 September 1911 , Italy declared war on the Ottoman Empire in order to seize Libya . During the Italo Turkish War Benedetto Brin was assigned to the 1st Division of the 2nd Squadron , along with her sister and the two Ammiraglio di Saint Bon class battleships . Benedetto Brin served as the squadron flagship of Vice Admiral unk . In early October , she arrived off Tripoli to relieve Roma on blockade duty outside the port . On 3 4 October , she participated in the bombardment of the fortifications protecting Tripoli . The Italian fleet used their medium caliber guns to preserve their ammunition for the heavy guns . Turkish counter battery fire was completely ineffective . On 13 April 1912 , Benedetto Brin and the rest of the Squadron sailed from Tobruk to the Aegean Sea to rendezvous with the 1st Squadron . The two squadrons met off Stampalia on 17 April . The next day , the fleet steamed into the northern Aegean and cut several Turkish submarine telegraph cables . Most of the ships of the Italian fleet then bombarded the fortresses protecting the Dardanelles in an unsuccessful attempt to lure out the Turkish fleet . While they were doing this , Regina Margherita , Benedetto Brin , and two torpedo boats were detached to cut additional cables between Rhodes and Marmaris . In July , Benedetto Brin and the rest of the Division had withdrawn to Italy to replace worn out gun barrels , along with other repairs . Also in 1912 , the ship had four 3 inch guns added , increasing her battery from 20 to 24 pieces . World War I Italy declared neutrality after the outbreak of World War I in August 1914 , but by April 1915 , the Triple Entente had convinced the Italians to enter the war against the Central Powers which it did in May . The primary naval opponent for the duration of the war was the Austro Hungarian Navy the Naval Chief of Staff , Admiral Paolo Thaon di Revel , planned a distant blockade with the battle fleet , while smaller vessels , such as the MAS boats conducted raids . The heavy ships of the Italian fleet would be preserved for a potential major battle in the Austro Hungarian fleet should emerge from its bases . As a result , the ship 's career during the war was limited . In addition to the cautious Italian strategy , Benedetto Brin long since obsolescent was reduced to a training ship in the 3rd Division , along with her sister ship . On 27 September 1915 , Benedetto Brin was destroyed in a huge explosion in the harbor of Brindisi , the result of Austro Hungarian sabotage . A total of 8 officers and 379 ratings survived but 454 members of the crew , including Rear Admiral Rubin de unk died . Two of the ship 's 12 inch guns were salvaged from the wreck and were reused as coastal guns protecting Venice .
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3,758 | Market Forces is the fourth episode of the animated television series The Spectacular Spider Man , which is based on the comic book character Spider Man , created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko . In the episode , Spider Man is hunted by Shocker , whose suit allows him to fire intense sonic blasts . Market Forces was written by Andrew Robinson and directed by Dan unk . It incorporated computer generated imagery in the sonic blasts used by Shocker , which mixed in with the other , traditional animation style used in the show . Shocker 's secret identity was completely changed from that of his original comic book appearance , but his design stayed close to the original costume used . The episode originally broadcast on March 22 , 2008 , on the Kids WB block for the CW Network . It received generally positive reviews from television critics . IGN praised it for its imagery and storytelling , while iF Magazine said Even the Shocker was more interesting on this show , so I continue to have high hopes for future episodes , characters , and villains . Plot summary Montana and The Enforcers steal a powered suit from an armored Tri Corp truck after gassing the guards . Montana hands it to Hammerhead , who insists that Montana dons the suit to complete the Big Man ' s contract to kill Spider Man . The next day , Peter Parker gets across town as Spider Man , unaware that Montana and his men are watching him . He then hangs out at Harry 's apartment , discussing the upcoming Fall Formal , until he receives an e mail from J. Jonah Jameson of the Daily Bugle informing Peter that Jonah wants to purchase his photos of Spider Man . He leaves and promises to help Harry with homework later . At the Bugle building , Jonah mistakenly kicks Peter out before realizing who he is . Jonah pays him and makes him exit the building . While heading back , Peter hears an alarm coming from a landfill and investigates . It ends up being a trap and he is attacked with sonic blasts by Montana , now wearing the suit and calling himself Shocker . When he is close to moving in for the kill , one of the thugs used as bait , Alex O 'Hirn , accidentally gives Spider Man time to recover . Shocker then knocks him into a machine and , satisfied , leaves via helicopter . Spider Man , however , survives but his paycheck was torn to shreds . The next day after school , where Harry is outraged with him over missing out on studying , Peter goes to replace his check at the Bugle where assistant editor Joe Robertson suggests getting a better camera . After Jonah takes a photo of Spider Man covered in garbage as Peter 's submission , Peter goes after O 'Hirn and his partner Flint Marko as Spider Man . He defeats them and tells them to inform Shocker he wants a rematch . Peter makes it home in time for his curfew and spots Aunt May struggling with the bills , but must use the money he has to buy a new camera . When he goes to school the next day , he finds Harry is furious with him once more over forgetting their studying arrangements once more . At night , Hammerhead tells Shocker the Big Man is displeased with his failure . Meanwhile , Peter unsuccessfully tries to ask out Jonah 's assistant , Betty Brant . After a tremor rattles the entire city , Peter , as Spider Man , discovers it is the Shocker , leaving him a trail that leads to a condemned theater . During their fight , Spider Man unsuccessfully tries to find out who hired him before finally bringing the building down and defeating the Shocker . Meanwhile , Harry returns home where his father Norman tells him to take responsibility and study by himself . Norman then goes to meet with Hammerhead , revealing that he helped them steal the suit from Tri Corp as they are his company 's competitor . He talks over speaker phone with the Big Man , who wants him to create new supervillains in return for funding . At his house , Peter sends his photos to the Bugle and tries to give Aunt May the money , but she insists that he still uses 10 of it to buy a new camera . Production Market Forces was written by Andrew Robinson and directed by Dan unk . Though the show is done in the style of traditional animation , computer generated imagery was used to produce the green sonic beams made by Shocker . In the original comic book publications , Shocker 's secret identity was a man named Herman Schultz . For The Spectacular Spider Man , they changed his identity to that of Enforcer Montana , who had , in the comics , been a prominent character already . Using Montana allowed the writers to not have to come up with a completely new origin for Shocker . His suit was generally the same as that done in the comic books , but had extra features including goggles and vibrators . His voice was provided by veteran voice performer Jeff Bennett . Cultural references Greg Weisman , one of the producers for the series , came up with the idea to do a title scheme for each arc . For Market Forces and its arc , the scheme is economics . A line in the episode asks how deep a location is , using the Mariana Trench and the Ninth Circle of Hell in Dante 's Inferno as comparisons . Reception Market Forces originally broadcast on March 26 , 2008 , on the Kids WB block for the CW Network , at 10 00 a.m. It received generally positive reviews from television critics . Eric Goldman of IGN gave the episode an 8 . 5 out of 10 and wrote Sometimes change can be fun , and this episode was a great example of that . Goldman enjoyed the design of Shocker which he felt stayed true to his original design and was intrigued by changing his secret identity . He praised the usage of CGI , the portrayal of Peter 's life , and the cool ending . Sean Elliot , the senior editor of iF Magazine , gave the episode an A and said about the change of Shocker 's secret identity , saves the writers from having to come up with a completely different origin for a character that pretty much is a second tier villain anyways . Elliot wrote that having Norman making a deal to produce new supervillains was an extremely useful convention that allows the introduction and creation of enemies for Spider Man to fight .
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3,759 | Tropical Storm Marco is the smallest tropical cyclone on record . The thirteenth named storm of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season , Marco developed out of a broad area of low pressure over the northwestern Caribbean during late September 2008 . Influenced by a tropical wave on October 4 , a small low level circulation center developed over Belize . After crossing the southern end of the Yucatn Peninsula and emerging into the Bay of Campeche , the low was declared Tropical Depression Thirteen early on October 6 . The depression quickly intensified into a tropical storm and was given the name Marco later that day . Marco reached its peak intensity with winds of 65 mph ( 100 km h ) early on October 7 . Around this time , tropical storm force winds extended 11 . 5 miles ( 18 . 5 km ) from the center of the storm , making Marco the smallest tropical cyclone on record . Around 1200 UTC , Marco made landfall near Misantla , Veracruz . The storm rapidly weakened after landfall , dissipating later that day . Due to its small size , Marco caused minimal damage however , the storm 's heavy rains led to floods up to 10 feet ( 3 . 05 m ) deep that covered highways and damaged homes . Meteorological history Tropical Storm Marco originated in a broad area of low pressure that persisted over the northwestern Caribbean in late September 2008 . On October 4 , a tropical wave reached the same area , and the system spawned a circulation center over Belize . Development of the low was initially inhibited by its proximity to land . As the system neared the Bay of Campeche , convection quickly developed around the low . At 0000 UTC on October 6 , the low was designated as Tropical Depression Thirteen while located over Laguna de Trminos . A mid level ridge located to the north of the depression led to movement in a general west northwest direction . Forecasters anticipated intensification up until landfall because of the storm 's well developed outflow and the low wind shear and high sea surface temperatures in its path . By 1200 UTC , the small cyclone , with a cloud shield no more than 85 miles ( 137 kilometers ) across , was upgraded to Tropical Storm Marco . Favorable conditions for development allowed Marco to quickly intensify throughout the day on October 6 . Early on October 7 , Marco reached its peak intensity with winds of 65 mph ( 105 kilometers per hour ) and a minimum pressure of 998 millibar ( hPa 29 . 47 inHg ) . This was based on a reconnaissance mission into Marco which recorded flight level winds of 70 mph ( 110 km h ) , corresponding to a surface wind speed of 61 mph ( 98 km h ) . Following the quick increase in intensity , forecasters noted the possibility of Marco intensifying into a hurricane before making landfall . The storm maintained a small area of deep convection , averaging 9 . 2 miles ( 14 . 8 km ) in diameter , as it continued moving towards the west northwest . Shortly after reaching peak intensity , tropical storm force winds extended 11 . 5 miles ( 18 . 5 km ) from the center of Marco . At 1200 UTC , the center of Marco made landfall near Misantla , Veracruz , with winds of 65 mph ( 105 km h ) . Once inland , Marco rapidly weakened , being downgraded to a tropical depression six hours after landfall . The small depression dissipated later that day over the mountains of Mexico . Preparations , impact and records Upon the storm 's formation , the Government of Mexico issued a tropical storm warning for the Gulf of Mexico from Tuxpan to Punta El Lagarto . That afternoon the government issued a hurricane watch between Cabo Rojo and Veracruz , and extended the tropical storm warning northward to Cabo Rojo . Officials closed schools ahead of the storm and opened 200 shelters . An estimated 3 , 000 people were evacuated from low lying areas along the coast . Soldiers used school buses to transport evacuees to the shelters . Marco formed in the area of Mexico 's main oil facilities , leading to the evacuation of 33 workers from four platforms . Six oil wells and a natural gas processing plant were also shut down in Veracruz . The Mexican Secretariat of Communications and Transportation also closed the ports of Nautla and Alvarado to small vessels as a precautionary measure . Upon landfall , heavy rains peaking at 7 . 9 inches ( 201 millimeters ) in El unk , San Luis Potos and falling at rates up to 1 inch per hour ( 25 . 4 mm h ) , caused some flooding in coastal towns near Veracruz as people evacuated to higher ground . The rains from Marco worsened flood situations in areas of Mexico already suffering from severe flooding . Officials in Veracruz , in their post storm damage survey , reported that two rivers , the unk and unk , overflowed their banks due to rains produced by Marco . One of these rivers left the towns of unk and unk under 10 ft ( 3 m ) of water . Highways along the coast of Veracruz were also flooded . Another 250 homes were flooded when a lake and a river overflowed their banks . Thirteen municipalities within Veracruz were affected by Marco . In Vega de unk , 77 people were evacuated to nearby shelters after their homes were inundated with water . Three landslides were also reported in Misantla unk none of them caused damage . In all , Marco 's impact was light minimal damage was recorded , and none of the estimated 400 , 000 people affected by the storm sustained injury . In the wake of Marco , the General Coordination of Civil Protection of the Ministry of the Interior declared a state of emergency for 48 municipalities in Veracruz . Relief goods were distributed to the affected areas by October 9 . The Government of Mexico reported that 4 , 700 blankets , 2 , 900 mattresses , 5 , 554 bottles of water ( each containing 500 milliliters ) , 260 , 000 boxes of milk , 250 , 000 packages of biscuits , and 12 , 400 boxes of school supplies had been distributed . At 0052 UTC on October 7 , tropical storm force winds extended 11 . 5 miles ( 18 . 5 km ) from the center of Marco . This made Marco the smallest tropical cyclone ever recorded , surpassing the previous record set on December 24 , 1974 by Cyclone Tracy , whose tropical storm force winds extended 30 miles ( 48 km ) .
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3,760 | SMS unk was the second of five pre dreadnought battleships of the Braunschweig class in the German Imperial Navy , laid down in 1901 and commissioned 1904 . She was named for the German province of Elsass , now the French region of Alsace . Her sister ships were Braunschweig , Hessen , Preussen and Lothringen . The ship served in the II Squadron of the German fleet after commissioning , though by the outbreak of World War I , she had been moved to the IV Squadron . Elsass saw action in the Baltic Sea against the Russian Navy . In August 1915 , she participated in the Battle of the Gulf of Riga , during which she engaged the Russian battleship Slava . In 1916 , however , she was placed in reserve because of crew shortages , and spent the remainder of the war as a training ship . Under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles , she was retained after the end of the war and was modernized in 1923 24 . Elsass served in the Reichsmarine with the surface fleet until 1930 , when she was again placed in reserve . She was stricken in 1931 and used for a short time as a hulk in Wilhelmshaven . The out dated battleship was sold to Norddeutscher Lloyd in late 1935 and was broken up for scrap the following year . Construction Elsass was laid down in 1901 at the Schichau Werke in Danzig under construction number 97 . The second unit of her class , she was ordered under the contract name J as a new unit for the fleet . She cost 24 , 373 , 000 marks . Elsass was launched on 26 May 1903 and commissioned into the fleet on 29 November 1904 . The ship was 127 . 7 m ( 419 ft 0 in ) long overall and had a beam of 22 . 2 m ( 72 ft 10 in ) and a draft of 8 . 1 m ( 26 ft 7 in ) forward . The ship was powered by three 3 cylinder vertical triple expansion engines that drove three screws . Steam was provided by eight naval and six cylindrical boilers , all of which burned coal . Elsass 's powerplant was rated at 16 , 000 indicated horsepower ( 12 , 000 kW ) , which generated a top speed of 18 knots ( 33 km h 21 mph ) . Elsass 's armament consisted of a main battery of four 28 cm ( 11 in ) SK L 40 guns in twin gun turrets , , one fore and one aft of the central superstructure . Her secondary armament was composed of fourteen 17 cm ( 6 . 7 inch ) SK L 40 guns and eighteen 8 . 8 cm ( 3 . 45 in ) SK L 35 quick firing guns . Her armament was further increased by six 45 cm ( 18 in ) torpedo tubes , all mounted submerged in the hull . Service history Upon her commissioning in November 1904 , Elsass was assigned to the IV Division of the II Squadron of the German fleet . She joined her sister Braunschweig and the old battleship Weissenburg . The German Navy in 1905 consisted of four divisions of three battleships each , with two divisions per squadron . This was supported by a cruiser division , composed of two armored cruisers and six protected cruisers . Kapitn zur See Reinhard Scheer assumed command of the vessel in 1907 he would go on to command the entire High Seas Fleet at the Battle of Jutland and eventually serve as the Chief of Naval Staff . Scheer held command of the ship for two years . In 1909 , the ship was transferred to the III Division , II Squadron alongside her sisters Hessen and Preussen by this time , enough battleships had been built to increase the size of each division from three to four vessels . In March 1909 , a mine exploded aboard the ship during training in Kiel . Two sailors were killed and six more were wounded . After World War I began in August 1914 , Elsass was assigned to the IV Battle Squadron of the High Seas Fleet . The squadron was commanded by Vice Admiral Ehrhard Schmidt . In July 1915 , following the loss of the minelaying cruiser SMS Albatross in the Baltic , the IV Squadron ships were transferred to reinforce the German naval forces in the area . On 11 and 19 July , German cruisers , with the IV Squadron ships in support , conducted sweeps in the Baltic , though without engaging any Russian forces . In August 1915 , the German fleet attempted to clear the Gulf of Riga of Russian naval forces to assist the German Army then advancing on the city . The IV Squadron was joined by the I Squadron , which consisted of the eight Nassau and Helgoland class battleships , from the High Seas Fleet , as well as three battlecruisers and many smaller craft . The task force commanded Vice Admiral Franz von Hipper , though operational command remained with Vice Admiral Schmidt . On the morning of 8 August , the German fleet made its initial push into the Gulf . Elsass and Braunschweig were assigned to engage the Russian pre dreadnought Slava and preventing her from disrupting the German minesweepers . When it became clear that the minesweepers could not clear the minefield before nightfall , however , Schmidt called off the attempt . A second attempt was made on 16 August . Elsass remained outside the Gulf , while the dreadnoughts Nassau and Posen dealt with Slava . By 19 August , the Russian minefields had been cleared and the flotilla entered the Gulf . However , reports of Allied submarines in the area prompted the German fleet to call off the operation the following day . Due to manpower shortages , the ships of the IV Squadron were demobilized . On 25 July 1916 , Elsass became a drill ship and a floating barracks , based in Kiel . The Treaty of Versailles , which ended the war , specified that Germany was permitted to retain six battleships of the older Deutschland or Lothringen class . Elsass was kept and used as a training ship in the Reichsmarine . In 1923 , the aging ship underwent a major overhaul . Elsass was dry docked in the Reichsmarinewerft in Wilhelmshaven , where the conning tower was rebuilt . Work was completed the following year . She and Braunschweig , with the Deutschland class battleship Schlesien , were assigned to the North Sea Station . Elsass served with the fleet until she was withdrawn from active service on 25 February 1930 . She was stricken from the naval register on 31 March 1931 and served as a hulk in Wilhelmshaven until 31 October 1935 , when the Reichsmarine sold her to Technischer unk des Norddeutscher Lloyd . Elsass was broken up for scrap the following year .
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3,761 | Mycena overholtsii , commonly known as the snowbank fairy helmet or fuzzy foot , is a species of fungus in the family Mycenaceae . The mushrooms produced by the fungus are relatively large for the genus Mycena , with convex grayish caps up to 5 cm ( 2 . 0 in ) in diameter and stems up to 15 cm ( 5 . 9 in ) long . The gills on the underside of the cap are whitish to pale gray , and initially closely spaced before becoming well spaced at maturity after the cap enlarges . The mushrooms are characterized by the dense covering of white hairs on the base of the stem . M. overholtsii is an example of a snowbank fungus , growing on well decayed conifer logs near snowbanks , during or just after snowmelt . Formerly known only from high elevation areas of western North America , particularly the Rocky Mountain and Cascade regions , it was reported for the first time in Japan in 2010 . The edibility of the mushroom is unknown . M. overholtsii can be distinguished from other comparable species by differences in location , or spore size . History and naming The species was first described by mycologists Alexander H. Smith and Wilhelm Solheim in 1953 , on the basis of specimens collected in the Medicine Bow Mountains of Albany County , Wyoming . The specific epithet honors the early 20th century American mycologist Lee Oras Overholts . It is commonly known as the snowbank fairy helmet , or fuzzy foot , although it shares the latter name with unk unk and Xeromphalina unk . M. overholtsii has been given the Japanese name unk . Description Mycena overholtsii produces some of the largest mushrooms of the genus Mycena . They have caps that are 1 . 5 to 5 cm ( 0 . 6 to 2 . 0 in ) in diameter , and convex in shape , developing an umbo ( a central protrusion resembling a nipple ) in maturity . The cap surface is smooth , moist , and marked with radial striations . The caps are somewhat hygrophanous , and depending on age and state of hydration , range in color from brown or grayish brown , to dark or bluish gray . The mushroom flesh is thin and watery , with a light gray color . The gills have an adnate , adnexed , or shallowly decurrent attachment to the stem , and are initially closely spaced before becoming well spaced at maturity . They have a whitish to pale gray color , and will stain gray when they are bruised . There are three or four tiers of lamellulae ( short gills that do not extend fully from the cap margin to the stem ) interspersed between the gills . The stem is 4 to 15 cm ( 1 . 6 to 5 . 9 in ) long by 0 . 3 to 1 cm ( 0 . 1 to 0 . 4 in ) thick , and tapers upward so that the stem apex is slightly thinner than the base . It can be straight or curved , has cartilage like flesh , and is hollow in maturity . When growing on soft , well decayed wood , the stem often penetrates deeply into the substrate . The stem is pinkish brown in color , and the lower half is tomentose densely covered with white , woolly hairs . The mushroom has a yeast like odor and a mild taste its edibility is unknown , but it is not considered poisonous . Microscopic characteristics Viewed in deposit , as with a spore print , the spores appear white . Microscopically , the spores are roughly elliptical , sometimes appearing bean shaped , with dimensions of 5 . 5 7 . 0 by 3 . 0 3 . 5 m . They are thin walled and smooth , and bear an indistinct hilar appendage . The spores are amyloid , meaning they will absorb iodine and turn black to blue black when stained with Melzer 's reagent . The basidia ( spore bearing cells ) are four spored . The cheilocystidia ( cystidia on the gill edge ) , which are scattered and interspersed with basidia , are roughly cylindric to fusoid ( spindle shaped ) , smooth , hyaline ( translucent ) , and measure 45 65 by 2 5 . 5 m . Pleurocystidia ( cystidia on the gill face ) are uncommon , and similar in appearance to the cheilocystidia . The cap cuticle is an ixocutis ( a fungal tissue type in which the hyphae are gelatinous and lie flat ) with mostly smooth hyphae that are 1 . 5 3 . 5 m in diameter . The cap flesh is dextrinoid , meaning it will turn reddish brown in Melzer 's reagent . Clamp connections are present in the hyphae of M. overholtsii . Similar species Other similar mycenas that grow in clusters on wood include M. maculata and M. galericulata . The fruit bodies of M. maculata often develop red stains as they mature , but this characteristic is inconsistent and cannot be reliably used for identification . Its spores are larger than that of M. overholtsii , measuring 7 10 by 4 6 m . M. galericulata is very similar in appearance to M. maculata , but does not undergo reddish staining its spores are 8 12 by 5 . 5 9 m . Another similar species is M. unk , which can be distinguished by its bleach like odor , an eastern North American distribution , fruiting season during summer and autumn , and small spores measuring 4 5 by 2 . 5 3 m . Habitat and distribution This species is sometimes found singly , but more often in clusters on well rotted conifer logs and stumps ( often Douglas fir ) near melting snowbanks , or sometimes in moist snow chambers formed by receding snow . Cool nighttime temperatures reduce the snowmelt rate , and help ensure that spores released by the mushroom will be dispersed into the soil . The mushroom is common in western North America , particularly the Pacific Northwest , the Rocky Mountains and the Cascade mountains . It has been reported in four US states South Dakota , California , Washington and Wyoming , but is not known in Oregon . It is also found in western Canada . The mushroom is restricted to areas with minimum elevations of 1 , 000 m ( 3 , 300 ft ) . In 2010 , it was reported growing in the boreal coniferous forests of Hokkaido , Japan , in plantations of Sakhalin fir ( Abies unk ) , as well as in natural forests dominated by both Sakhalin fir and unk spruce ( Picea unk ) . In North America , the mushroom usually appears between March and July Japanese collections were made in May . The fruiting period can be prolonged , especially in areas with heavy snowfall , or at high elevations where the snowmelt is delayed .
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3,762 | The Gateway of India is a monument built during the 20th century in Mumbai City of Maharashtra state in Western India . It is located on the waterfront in the Apollo Bunder area in South Mumbai and overlooks the Arabian Sea . The structure is a basalt arch , 26 metres ( 85 feet ) high . It lies at the end of Chhatrapati Shivaji Marg at the water 's edge in Mumbai Harbour . It was a crude jetty used by the fishing community which was later renovated and used as a landing place for British governors and other prominent people . In earlier times , it would have been the first structure that visitors arriving by boat in Mumbai would have seen . The Gateway has also been referred to as the Taj Mahal of Mumbai , and is the city 's top tourist attraction . The India Gate in New Delhi is similar to the Gateway of India in Mumbai . The structure was erected to commemorate the landing of King George V and Queen Mary at Apollo Bunder , when they visited India in 1911 . Built in Indo Saracenic style , the foundation stone for the Gateway of India was laid on 31 March 1911 . The final design of George Wittet was sanctioned in 1914 and the construction of the monument was completed in 1924 . The Gateway was later the ceremonial entrance to India for unk and the new Governors of Bombay . It served to allow entry and access to India . The monument has witnessed three terror attacks from the beginning of the 21st century twice in 2003 and it was also the disembarkation point in 2008 when four gunmen attacked the Taj Mahal Palace Tower . History The Gateway of India was built to commemorate the visit of King George V and Queen Mary to Mumbai , prior to the Delhi Durbar , in December 1911 . However , they only got to see a cardboard model of the structure since the construction did not begin till 1915 . The foundation stone was laid on March 31 , 1911 , by the governor of Bombay Sir George Sydenham Clarke , with the final design of George Wittet sanctioned on March 31 , 1914 . The gateway was built from yellow basalt and concrete . Between 1915 and 1919 , work proceeded at Apollo unk ( Port ) to reclaim the land on which the gateway and the new sea wall would be built . The foundations were completed in 1920 , and construction was finished in 1924 . The gateway was opened on December 4 , 1924 , by the Viceroy , the Earl of Reading . The last British troops to leave India following the country 's independence , the First Battalion of the Somerset Light Infantry , passed through the Gateway on their way out in a ceremony on February 28 , 1948 , signalling the end of British rule . Design and structure The Scottish architect George Wittet combined the elements of the Roman triumphal arch and the 16th century architecture of Gujarat . Its design is a combination of Hindu and Muslim architectural styles the arch is of Muslim style while the decorations are of Hindu style . The gateway is built from yellow basalt and reinforced concrete . The stone was locally obtained , and the perforated screens were brought from Gwalior . The gateway faces out to Mumbai Harbour from the tip of Apollo Bunder . The central dome is 48 feet ( 15 metres ) in diameter and 83 feet ( 25 metres ) above the ground at its highest point . The whole harbour front was realigned in order to come in line with a planned esplanade which would sweep down to the centre of the town . On each side of the arch , there are large halls that can hold 600 people . The cost of the construction was 2 million ( US 30 , 000 ) , borne mainly by the Imperial Government of India . Due to a paucity of funds , the approach road was never built , and so the gateway stands at an angle to the road leading up to it . Significance It is the place where the viceroys and governors used to land upon their arrival in India . Though built as a welcome to King George V for his visit of 1911 , then an event of grand significance for British India and the British empire , today serves as a monumental memento of British colonial rule over India . Built right next to the Taj Mahal Palace Tower hotel , for British arriving for the first time to India , the gateway was a symbol of the power and majesty of the British empire . Opposite the gateway stands the statue of Shivaji , the king who used guerilla warfare to establish the Maratha empire in the Sahyadri mountain range in the 17th century , as a symbol of Maratha pride and courage . The statue was unveiled on 26 January 1961 on the occasion of India 's Republic Day . The other statue in the area is that of Swami Vivekananda , by renowned sculptor Sitaram S. Arte . There are five jetties at the gateway . The first jetty is exclusive to the Atomic Research Centre , the second and third are used for commercial ferry operations , the fourth is closed and the fifth is exclusive to the Royal Bombay Yacht Club . After the 2008 Mumbai attacks , there has been a proposal to close all these jetties and replace them with two newer ones to be built near the Bombay Presidency Radio Club nearby . The second and third jetties are the starting point for tours of Elephanta Caves , which is a 50 minute boat ride away by ferry . Other routes from the Gateway include ferry rides to unk and Mandwa these ferries are said to carry passengers above their certified capacity due to their popularity . The Gateway of India is a major tourist destination and a popular gathering spot for locals , street vendors and photographers . In 2012 , Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation moved the Elephanta Festival of music and dance from its original location at Elephanta Caves ( where it had been celebrated for 23 years ) to the Gateway due to the increased capacity offered by the venue . The Gateway can host 2 , 000 to 2 , 500 people , whereas Elephanta Caves could host only 700 to 800 people . A bomb planted in a taxi exploded near the gateway in the 2003 . The gateway was also the site of a major bomb blast in August 2003 and was the disembarkation point of the terrorists participating in the November 2008 terror attacks when four gunmen attacked the Taj Mahal Palace Tower . Public movement in certain areas was restricted after the 2008 attacks .
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3,763 | Money No Enough ( Chinese unk pinyin unk unk unk ) is a 1998 Singaporean comedy film about three friends with financial problems who start a car polishing business together . Written by Jack Neo , directed by Tay Teck Lock and produced by JSP Films , the movie stars Neo , Mark Lee and Henry Thia . Released in cinemas on 7 May 1998 , Money No Enough received mixed reviews from critics , but earned over S 5 . 8 million and was the all time highest grossing Singaporean film until 2012 . Its success helped revive the Singaporean film industry and pave the way for the emergence of other Singaporean cultural phenomena . Plot The plot revolves around the lives of three close friends Keong ( Jack Neo ) , a spendthrift white collar worker , Ong ( Mark Lee ) , a general contractor , and Hui ( Henry Thia ) , a unk unk waiter . After an argument with his boss ( Chen Zhao Jin ) , Keong quits his job and is unable to get another due to his poor command of English , lack of academic qualifications and computer illiteracy . With bills ( especially instalments ) to pay and a family to support , he goes heavily into debt whereupon his wife leaves him , taking their daughter with her . Ong borrows S 40 , 000 from loan sharks , and plans to repay them after collecting a debt owed him by a friend who subsequently runs away . The loan sharks beat up Ong for not repaying the loan within the two week deadline , so he flees to Johor Bahru . Hui , who is single and lives with his elderly mother , wastes his meagre salary on 4D and pursuing an insurance agent who he has a crush on . In an attempt to resolve their financial problems , the three friends decide to start a car polishing business together with the limited capital they have . However , at the opening ceremony of their business , Hui 's mother collapses and is taken to hospital , where she is diagnosed with leukaemia . Hui has three wealthy older sisters , but they refuse to help pay the medical bills , and his application for financial assistance is rejected because of his sisters ' high incomes . To compound matters , the loan sharks show up at the company to harass Ong . Ong and Hui ask to cash out their shares so they can pay the loan sharks and medical bills respectively , but all their money has already been spent on equipment and other business running costs . Hui 's mother then dies and at her wake , which raises ten thousand dollars of ' bai jin ' ( contributions toward funeral expenses ) . The loan sharks turn up , pursue Ong and are arrested after a lengthy police chase . Keong convinces his wife and daughter to enter an obstacle race where they win the first prize of S 100 , 000 , which he uses to pay his creditors , and his family is reunited . The car polishing business is successful , and the three friends go on to become the directors of unk Singapore . Production In the 1990s , Neo , Lee and Thia became well known in Singapore for their performances in the Channel 8 television show Comedy Night ( Wade Giles Kao unk unk tung ) . Neo then acted in the 1997 Eric Khoo film 12 unk , and saw potential in the then virtually nonexistent local film industry . He wrote a screenplay about expatriates in the advertising industry , but decided the concept would not appeal to most Singaporeans , so he thought of writing a story about Ah unk ( uneducated Chinese men ) , drawing on the humble backgrounds of Lee , Thia and himself . Inspired , he contacted Tay Teck Lock , a former producer for Channel 8 , and suggested they collaborate . They decided on a plot about three Singaporean men facing financial difficulties . Neo spent eight months writing the script , while Tay helped develop the characters and jokes . Despite the Speak Mandarin Campaign , Neo chose to use Hokkien dialogue to reflect real life and reach a different audience . Money No Enough was produced by JSP Films on a budget of S 850 , 000 . The production crew included Deri Ng as first assistant director , J.P. Tan as producer , unk as cinematographer , A. unk as film editor , Anthony Ng as art director and Abdul unk Mohd as sound designer . Filming was plagued by financial problems , such as poor quality shooting equipment , confiscation of props that were not paid for , and a High Court petition against the producer which almost caused the project to be declared bankrupt . After the Board of Film Censors reviewed and approved Money No Enough , distributor Shaw Organisation released the film on 21 screens on 7 May 1998 . The success of the movie led to a dispute between Neo and JSP Films over their shares of the profits . To mark its tenth anniversary , Money No Enough was released in cinemas again and was followed by a sequel , Money No Enough 2 . Reception Money No Enough earned S 50 , 000 from sneak previews and S 42 , 000 on its opening day , then topped the local box office for a month . In total , the film made S 5 . 8 million , which remained the best box office showing by a local movie until the record was broken by Ah Boys to Men in 2012 . After its box office run , 70 , 000 VCDs of Money No Enough were sold , which remains a record for a Singaporean film . Its success sparked the film career of Jack Neo , who won the Best Director Award at the 1998 Silver Screen Awards , and the development of the Singaporean film industry . Four more Singaporean movies were produced in 1998 , two of which were described by critics as copycats of Money No Enough . With its use of Hokkien and crude portrayal of Singaporean life , the film is also credited with paving the way for other Singaporean cultural phenomena such as unk and unk . The movie received a mixed critical reception with LoveHKFilm.com commending the film as an effective satire of ... Singaporean culture and noted that the actors do a credible job representing characters from Singapore 's varying social strata , while a Variety review described the movie as initially fresh and amusing but ultimately too one note and local in its humor to travel far . Francis Dass of the New Straits Times wrote that Money No Enough was spot on and funny , but criticised the clichd script and the director 's penchant for melodrama .
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3,764 | Daedalus is the tenth episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek Enterprise . Set in the 22nd century , the series follows the adventures of the first Starfleet starship Enterprise , registration NX 01 . In this episode , as the crew of Enterprise help Doctor Emory Erickson ( Bill Cobbs ) conduct experimental transporter tests , a dangerous anomaly is detected on board . It was the second script written by Alan Brennert and Ken LaZebnik , and was directed by David Straiton his second of the season . Daedalus was a bottle episode which used only the standing sets . Show runner Manny Coto had sought to create an origin story for the transporter with Daedalus , but was not pleased with either the script or the completed episode . The episode originally aired on January 14 , 2005 , on UPN . It received a Nielsen rating of 1 . 9 4 percent . Critical reception was mixed , but the relationship between Doctor Erickson , his daughter Danica ( Leslie Silva ) and Captain Archer ( Scott Bakula ) was received positively due to the character development . Plot Old family friends of Captain Archer , Doctor Emory Erickson and his daughter Danica , beam aboard Enterprise to test new sub quantum transporter technology Erickson has developed . Catching up , Danica confides in Archer that her father has not been himself since the loss of her brother , Quinn , some 15 years ago in an early transporter experiment . After they arrive in the Barrens a sub space node void of starlight for a hundred light years in order to test Erickson 's new work , a strange anomaly is detected on the ship . Crewman Burrows is sent to investigate but is found dead , having been exposed to high levels of Delta radiation . In the meantime , Commander T 'Pol takes time to rediscover herself in the light of recent events the teachings of Surak held in the Kir 'Shara the death of her mother the annulment of her marriage her apparent cure from Pa unk Syndrome and her relationship with Commander Tucker . Tucker assists Erickson with the test , but is brushed aside when he seeks to learn more about the technology . Following a successful trial run , which sets a new record for the longest transport ever conducted , Tucker confides in Archer that many of the upgrades and modifications to the ship 's power systems were not necessary for the test . The photonic ghost reappears , and T 'Pol manages to visually scan it , revealing that it is Erickson 's long lost son . Archer now realizes that his old family friends have misled him , and are simply using the ship to somehow rescue Quinn from the node . Erickson freely admits the deception , and asks Archer to trust and help him . Despite the deception , he agrees , aggressively ordering a reluctant T 'Pol and a dissenting Tucker to comply . Finally , Tucker and Erickson manage to recover Quinn , but he suffers severe cellular degeneration in the process and dies soon after . Erickson , aware of the consequences he may now face , is happy to finally bring him home and put him to rest . Production The title of the episode was a direct reference to the namesake in Greek mythology , with Erickson taking the Daedalus while his son relates to Icarus . Of the guest stars , Bill Cobbs had previously appeared in other science fiction genre films and television shows such as Demolition Man and The Outer Limits , while Leslie Silva had appeared as Lesley Silva in Odyssey 5 a television series created and produced by the Enterprise season four show runner Manny Coto . In an interview with Science Fiction Weekly , Coto explained that he wanted to create an origin episode for the transporter taking elements of classic Star Trek such as Zefram Cochrane and The Ultimate Computer as inspiration . However , he was not happy with the either the script or the final episode , describing it as flawed . He felt that the series worked better as multi episode arcs rather than as stand alone episodes . Daedalus was a bottle show , which used only existing standing sets and a reduced number of special effect shots compared to those earlier in the season . The production suffered a power failure on the final day of filming , which caused a two hour delay to the filming of interviews for features for the DVD release . The episode was directed by David Straiton Daedalus was his second episode of the season following the second part of Storm Front . It was also the second credits for two new writers on the show , Ken LaZebnik and Alan Brennert the former wrote Borderland and Brennert was credited as Michael Bryant for the episode Cold Station 12 . Reception and home media release Daedalus was first broadcast on January 14 , 2005 , on UPN within the United States . The broadcast received Nielsen ratings of 1 . 9 4 percent . Therefore , it was seen by 1 . 9 percent of all households , and 4 percent of all those watching television at the time of broadcast . It received lower ratings than The WB , who aired episodes of What I Like About You and Grounded for Life , and came last of all the major networks . Michelle Erica Green while writing for TrekNation , felt that Daedalus was a remix of a variety of prior Star Trek episodes across a number of series including The Ultimate Computer , Silicon Avatar and unk amongst others . She felt that the relationship between Archer and Danica worked , as did the subplot with Tucker and T 'Pol . Jamahl Epsicokhan of the website Jammer 's Reviews described the episode as an overall failed episode and compared it to the Star Trek Deep Space Nine episode The Visitor an episode he described as infinitely better than Daedalus . He felt that the final arc of the episode was obvious from the start , but liked how the relationship worked between Archer , Erickson , and Danica because of the character development . He gave the episode two our of four stars . The first home media release of Daedalus was as part of the season four DVD box set of Enterprise , originally released in the United States on November 1 , 2005 . The Blu ray release of the fourth season of Enterprise was on April 1 , 2014 .
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3,765 | Westholme House is a historic building in the English market town of Sleaford in Lincolnshire , set in 32 acres of parkland and school grounds . Built around 1849 in the style of a French Gothic mansion by Charles Kirk for his business partner Thomas Parry , it was privately owned until the 1940s , when Kesteven County Council acquired the house and its grounds . It subsequently served as the county library and part of Sleaford Secondary Modern School ( later St George 's Academy ) . The stone house follows an asymmetrical layout and incorporates a range of Gothic elements in its design . In 1974 , it was recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building , recognising it as of special interest . History Prior to the enclosure of Sleaford in 1794 , the lands that later became the Westholme estate were mostly open fields . The largest was unk Race behind the houses on Westgate , thought to be named for the muddy puddles that formed there . That field was bounded to the north by Drove Lane , a track running to South Rauceby , and parts of the future estate also included unk Furlong to the north west and unk to the north east . Following the enclosure , Drove Lane was straightened and moved northwards by a third of a mile the old open fields were reorganised within this new space , producing straight , geometric boundary lines . The future Westholme grounds were divided up between several land owners , including Lord Bristol and Benjamin Handley . Private ownership Thomas Parry ( 1818 1879 ) , an architect , builder and future Member of Parliament for Boston employed his business partner and brother in law , Charles Kirk the younger , to design Westholme House on the site for him their firm Kirk and Parry completed the mansion around 1849 . Parry moved in with his wife , mother and sister , and employed two servants by 1871 , two domestic workers had been added to his household . Parry died in 1879 followed by his wife , Henrietta , in 1882 . Henry Peake ( 1821 1886 ) was occupying Westholme in 1885 , three years after the death of Parry 's wife . Peake was a solicitor who served as clerk to the county magistrates , and was a partner in the local law firm Peake , Snow and Peake , along with his son Henry Arthur Peake . The partnership had connections with Kirk and Parry , and Peake married Eliza , a daughter of Charles Kirk the elder . After his death , Peake 's sons , George Herbert and Henry Arthur , successively occupied the house in the late 19th and early 20th centuries . During the First World War , Henry Arthur and his wife , Alice Ann , lost three of their sons in battle . In 1923 , Henry Arthur died while staying at Hastings . He and his wife were planning to sell Westholme and move to Guildford before his death she did so and died there in 1933 . The businessman and Liberal politician Samuel Pattinson ( 1870 1942 ) lived at the house from at least 1924 . His wife , Betsy Sharpley Pattinson , also died in 1942 and their trustees auctioned off the furniture at Westholme two years later . Public ownership Westholme was occupied by the military during the Second World War . Kesteven County Council had acquired the land by 1945 and proposed to use it for educational purposes . The council wanted to convert the house into Kesteven County Library , but it had to wait for the War Department to agree to pay fees for unk caused during its occupancy . The Department provisionally agreed on 1 , 276 16s in 1947 and the library was operating at the house by 1949 . An Navy , Army and Air Force Institutes ( NAAFI ) canteen supplied school meals after the war and in 1947 the council bought a series of huts on the site from the War Department . In 1957 , the council planned to open a new mixed secondary modern at Westholme and , by 1960 , Sleaford Secondary Modern School was operating there alongside its original buildings on Church Lane . In 1983 , an extension to the Westholme block opened , allowing the school to close the old site new teaching blocks were then built around the grounds . The school changed its name to St George 's School in 1984 , became a technology college in 1992 and converted to St George 's Academy in 2010 . The house continued to be used as a library into the 1980s , but by the next decade , had become the school 's sixth form base and an adult education centre . As a result of major rebuilding work at St George 's in 2011 12 , a new sixth form centre opened and Westholme House was converted into the school 's administrative centre . Architecture Charles Kirk and Thomas Parry were builders and architects in Sleaford their company prospered in the mid 19th century and was responsible for a number of civic , religious and corporate buildings in the town , including the gas works , Carre 's Grammar School and Carre 's Hospital . Westholme has been called their most cheerfully inventive building built in the style of a Gothic chteau , Pevsner described the mansion as an ebullient essay in French 15th century domestic Gothic . The two storey house is built in coursed stone with steep , Welsh slate roofing . Its asymmetrical design incorporates an eclectic range of Gothic elements , including tall , polygonal chimney stacks , a four centred arch doorway , dragon motifs and carved pinnacles . The eastern faade includes two gables with a tall four centred arch window . To the right is a tower of three storeys with a pointed roof which connects to a projecting bay of two storeys . The bay incorporates a stack of three square windows topped with a Flamboyant arch , two hipped roofs with decorative spikes , and three chimneys . The rear is more simple the windows are mullioned and most are square , except for three bay windows . It has two wings laid out like half an H , which each have a gable and embattled parapets . The site also houses a Gothic stable block , which Sir Nikolaus Pevsner considered charming , and two Tudor style lodges . A stretch of wall in the grounds is 100m long and made up of stone fragments , many Gothic , which were most likely taken from church restorations conducted by Kirk and Parry .
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3,766 | Isaac Parsons ( January 27 , 1752 August 25 , 1796 ) was an American planter , politician , and militia officer in the U.S. state of Virginia ( now West Virginia ) . Parsons served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates representing Hampshire County from 1789 until his death in 1796 . Following an act of the Virginia General Assembly in 1789 , Parsons was appointed to serve as a trustee for the town of Romney . In 1790 , Parsons began serving as a justice for Hampshire County . He served as a captain in command of a company in the Virginia militia during the American Revolutionary War and continued to serve as a captain in the Hampshire County militia following the war . Parsons operated a public ferry across the South Branch Potomac River , and later died from drowning in the river in 1796 . Parsons was the grandfather of Isaac Parsons ( 1814 1862 ) , who also represented Hampshire County in the Virginia House of Delegates and served as an officer in the Confederate States Army . Early life and family Isaac Parsons was born on January 27 , 1752 , in Hampshire County , Virginia ( now West Virginia ) . Parsons was the third son of Thomas Parsons and his wife unk Baldwin ( also spelled unk ) Parsons . The Parsons family was a prominent family whose ancestors arrived to the Thirteen Colonies from England in 1635 and relocated to Hampshire County around 1740 . Parsons ' father settled on the Eastern Shore of Maryland in 1725 prior to relocating to Hampshire County , Virginia . Landholdings Following the death of his father Thomas Parsons between the date of his will and testament on May 27 , 1771 , and his will 's recording on March 10 , 1772 , Parsons inherited a plantation on Lot Number 16 of the South Branch Survey of Thomas Fairfax , 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron 's Northern Neck Proprietary and other valuable lands in Hampshire County and in the present day counties of Hardy and Grant . Parsons and his brother Baldwin also received land their father had acquired from Luke Collins , which was divided between Parsons and his brother by Nathaniel Kuykendall , John Foreman , and William Foreman . By 1778 , Parsons owned 161 acres ( 65 ha 0 . 252 sq mi ) of Lot Number 16 and all of Lot Number 17 of Lord Fairfax 's South Branch Survey . By 1790 , Parsons also owned the corner of Lot Number 1 within the town of Romney . In 1795 , Parsons acquired an additional 100 acres ( 40 ha 0 . 16 sq mi ) along the South Branch Potomac River . Parsons ' Lot 16 property along the South Branch Potomac River was later purchased by David Gibson in 1836 , after which Gibson established his Sycamore Dale plantation there . Ferry service Parsons petitioned the Virginia General Assembly to establish a public ferry across the South Branch Potomac River , thus connecting his property on both sides of the river . In October 1786 , the Virginia General Assembly passed an act establishing the public ferry at Parsons ' property near the present site of the U.S. Route 50 bridge west of Romney . The assembly 's act set the ferry 's toll at three pence and three farthings per man , and the same price per horse . By 1790 , Parsons was continuing the operation of the ferry , which had become known as Parson 's Ferry . On December 26 , 1792 , the Virginia General Assembly passed an additional act for the settlement and regulation of public ferries . The assembly 's act mandated that Parsons ' ferry be constantly kept at its location , and established its toll amounting to six cents per man , and six cents per horse . Political and military careers During the American Revolutionary War , Parsons served as a captain in command of a company under the charge of Major Vincent Williams in the Virginia militia . By December 11 , 1788 , Parsons was again serving as a captain in command of a company in the Hampshire County militia . Parsons served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates representing Hampshire County from 1789 until his death on August 25 , 1796 . Parsons represented Hampshire County , which was a multi member electoral district , in the Virginia House of Delegates . During the October 19 December 19 , 1789 , session , Parsons served alongside Elias Poston and Isaac Miller . In the sessions between 1790 and 1793 , Parsons served alongside Elias Poston . Parsons served alongside Francis White during the 1794 session . During the 1795 session , he again served alongside Elias Poston . Parsons died on August 25 , 1796 , before the November 8 December 27 , 1796 , session of the Virginia House of Delegates , where he was to have served alongside Alexander King . Parsons ' seat was filled by Fielding unk , who served out Parsons ' term during this session . During his final two sessions in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1794 and 1795 , Parsons was a member of the Federalist Party . By February 14 , 1788 , Parsons had been appointed as an appraiser of property in Hampshire County by an act of the Virginia General Assembly . On December 4 , 1789 , Parsons was again appointed by an act of the Virginia General Assembly to serve as a trustee of the town of Romney . Parsons served as a trustee alongside Isaac Miller , Andrew Wodrow , Stephen Colvin , Jonathan Purcell , Nicholas Casey , William McGuire , Perez Drew and James Murphy . Parsons and his fellow trustees were given authority by the Virginia General Assembly to settle disputes regarding the town 's land lots and to open and clear the town 's streets and lanes in accordance with the original survey and plan for Romney . In 1790 , Parsons was either elected or appointed as a justice for Hampshire County alongside Jonathan Purcell , James Martin , Cornelius Ferrel , Edward McCarty , Solomon Jones , and Elias Poston . Parsons died on August 25 , 1796 according to tradition , he died from drowning in the South Branch Potomac River . Personal life Parsons was married on April 23 , 1772 , to Mary E. Ellender Gregg . Mary E. Ellender Gregg was born on February 27 , 1756 . Parsons and his wife had two sons James Gregg Parsons ( 1773 1847 ) , married to Mary Catherine Casey in 1795 , and David Parsons ( born 1775 ) , married to Catherine Miller .
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3,767 | The 2007 TransAVIAexport Airlines Il 76 crash refers to an Ilyushin Il 76 cargo aircraft operated by that Belarusian airline that crashed in the outskirts of Mogadishu , Somalia , on 23 March 2007 , during the Battle of Mogadishu . The plane was carrying repair equipment and humanitarian aid . According to a spokesperson for the transport ministry of Belarus , the aircraft was shot down . However , the Somali government insisted that the crash was accidental . A crew of eleven on board the aircraft perished in the accident . Previous shootdown attempt of another company 's aircraft On 9 March 2007 , a unk Ilyushin Il unk , registration EW unk , that was about to complete an Entebbe Mogadishu flight carrying Ugandan peacekeepers and equipment , made a successful emergency landing at Mogadishu International Airport after having been struck by a rocket propelled grenade and catching fire on approach to the airport of destination . The rocket had apparently been fired from a boat while the plane passed over it at a height of 150 metres ( 490 ft ) . A crew of nine Belarusian were aboard the aircraft , along with six unk soldiers all of them resulted unharmed . Islamist militia claimed the attack , saying that African Union peacekeepers were their target , as they were seen as invading troops Somali officials denied such attack , and said the incident was due to the aircraft experiencing a technical failure . There had been a report with unverified claims circulating on the internet stating that the aircraft had actually been carrying a secret load of infantry fighting vehicles for Ugandan troops . This report also claimed that these vehicles saved all occupants on board . Description of the accident The aircraft involved was an Ilyushin Il 76 , a large Russian built cargo aircraft . Registered as EW 78849 , the Il 76 had been on a chartered cargo flight carrying equipment to Ugandan AMISOM peacekeepers in the Somali capital of Mogadishu . All of the crew members were Belarusian . Four of the personnel on board the accident aircraft were engineers who had worked on repairing another aircraft of the same type that had been the subject of an attempted shootdown 14 days earlier . Much of the equipment on board EW 78849 was for repairing the aircraft damaged earlier the rest of the cargo was humanitarian aid . The first aircraft was still crippled at the departure time of EW 78849 , and TransAVIAexport were considering whether to cannibalise it for re usable parts . EW 78849 was due to fly back to Belarus carrying equipment used for the repairs of EW unk . The flight plan included a refuelling stop at Djibouti . Bound for Minsk , the aircraft had taken off from Mogadishu International Airport at 14 00 local time . According to Somali Interior Minister Mohamed unk unk , as soon as it reached 10 , 000 feet ( 3 , 000 m ) altitude , the pilot reported a problem in engine number two , stating that he would turn back to the airport . He was in the process of attempting to return to the airport for an emergency landing when one wing exploded , separated from the aircraft and fell into the Indian Ocean , while the rest of the plane continued , on fire , along the beach at a low altitude before crashing . The accident occurred in an area called unk , with the main part of the wreckage landing near a farmer 's hamlet . A Reuters reporter who visited the scene reported seeing crushed animals , four corpses still on the ground , and wreckage spread across an area the size of four football fields . Rescuers found ten of the crew members dead at the scene , and an eleventh alive and wandering around the crash site . He was transported to a hospital where he died the same day . Operations at the airport were not affected by the crash , with Somali Prime Minister Ali unk and his delegation departing as scheduled from the airport the next day , destined for the Arab League summit in Saudi Arabia . Alleged shootdown A civilian who witnessed the crash said he heard what he believed to be a surface to air missile being fired immediately before the accident . I saw with my eyes when the plane , which was flying low level , was hit by a rocket and then fell to the ground , Shabelle reporter Maryan Hashi said . There have been reports that the projectile came from a small boat , and others that it came from a nearby farmers ' market . The plane appears to have been struck by the missile at an altitude of about 150 metres ( 490 ft ) . Deceased All eleven occupants on board the aircraft perished in the incident . Their bodies were transported back to Belarus in a unk aircraft on 30 March 2007 . On 2 April funeral services were held in Belarus for the victims , with hundreds attending . Eight of the victims were buried in a single lot at unk cemetery , the rest in Vitsebsk . The names of the victims were as follows Reactions and aftermath The Somali authorities originally stated that the cause of the crash was unknown , and have since maintained that the crash occurred as a result of an accident , and that it had not been shot down . However , while not claiming responsibility for this specific attack , an Islamist web site published claims that the plane was indeed struck by a missile . Within 24 hours of the crash , Belarusian officials confirmed that the plane had been shot down . Somali soldiers began to guard the area against interference . TransAVIAexport suspended all flights to Somalia as a result of the incident , and Belarus advised its airlines not to enter Somali airspace . An investigation was launched by the Belarusian transport prosecutor 's office for violations of Article 126 of the Criminal Code , which concerns international terrorism . On 5 April 2007 , the US Federal Aviation Administration released a communication prohibiting US airlines and commercial operators from operating over Somali airspace at altitudes below 26 , 000 feet ( 7 , 900 m ) , due to possible threats from rocket propelled grenades and shoulder launched missiles . Fate of aircraft Danish photographer Jan Grarup photographed the remains of the aircraft littering the streets of Mogadishu in August 2012 .
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3,768 | Ernest Cotton Deane MC ( 4 May 1887 25 September 1915 ) was a medical officer of the British Indian Army and an Irish international rugby player . Born in the city of Limerick , Ireland , he went to school in Kingstown ( present day Dn Laoghaire ) in County Dublin and then studied medicine at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland ( RCSI ) , graduating in 1909 . He was selected to play rugby for Ireland in one match , against England in February 1909 . His rugby career was cut short when he broke his leg in a match against Oxford University . Deane was commissioned into the Royal Army Medical Corps in 1911 , after a period as house surgeon at the Adelaide Hospital , Dublin . In 1913 , he was posted to India and served in Burma . He was stationed in Meerut at the start of the First World War . From there , he travelled to France with the Garhwal Brigade of the Indian Expeditionary Force , landing in Marseille in September 1914 . He was deployed immediately to the Western Front , where he served first with the 20th Field Ambulance and then as medical officer of the 2nd Battalion , The Royal Leicestershire Regiment . His unit saw much active service . On 22 August 1915 , he was awarded the Military Cross after running out under machine gun fire to rescue four men who had been wounded by artillery fire . A month later , his regiment participated in the Battle of Loos , and was almost entirely obliterated . He was shot dead after going to help some injured soldiers his action earned him a mention in despatches . Deane was one of 60 RCSI doctors to receive the Military Cross in the First World War , and one of 17 to be killed in action . Early life Ernest Deane , born in the city of Limerick , Ireland on 4 May 1887 , was the third of the four sons of Thomas and Aileen Deane of Kingstown ( present day Dn Laoghaire ) , County Dublin . He went to Corrig School , Kingstown , from 1901 to 1904 then went on to study medicine at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland from 1904 to 1909 . He became house surgeon at the Adelaide Hospital , Dublin . Rugby Deane was an all round sportsman , skilled in golf , lawn tennis , horse riding and shooting . Furthermore , at Corrig , Deane was captain of the school 's rugby XV , and later he captained the Adelaide Hospital XV , and the Monkstown XV . He was selected to play wing for Ireland in the match against England at Lansdowne Road , Dublin , on 13 February 1909 , which Ireland lost 5 11 . It was England 's first victory on Irish soil since 1895 . Deane 's opposite number that day was the New Zealand born Alexander Palmer of London Hospital FC , whose speed allowed him to get around Deane , and to score two of England 's three tries , and a conversion . At the start of the next season , on 29 November 1909 , Deane was part of the Monkstown team to play Oxford University . During the game , he collided with Robert Bourne , breaking his own leg and bringing his rugby career to an end . International appearance Military service At the start of the 20th century , many Irish doctors joined the British armed forces . Deane himself was commissioned temporary lieutenant in the Royal Army Medical Corps ( RAMC ) on 28 July 1911 , confirmed 9 February 1912 . In October 1913 , he went to India and served in Burma . He was stationed at Meerut when the First World War broke out . He went to France with the Garhwal Brigade of the 7th ( Meerut ) Division of the Indian Expeditionary Force , arriving in Marseilles on 26 September 1914 . He was attached to the 20th Field Ambulance , and later served as medical officer of the 2nd Battalion , The Royal Leicestershire Regiment , in active service on the Western Front . A few days before he died , Deane was awarded the Military Cross , one of 60 awarded to RCSI doctors in the war . Frederick Conway Dwyer , president of the RCSI , proudly read out Deane 's citation in an address to students of the college , and commended recent unk to enter the RAMC . The citation in the Gazette said For conspicuous gallantry on 22nd August 1915 , near unk . A standing patrol 120 yards in front of our line was bombed by the enemy at about 10 p.m. , the only notification being two loud bomb explosions . Captain Deane , without any knowledge of the enemy 's strength , at once got over the parapet and ran by himself to the spot under rifle and machine gun fire . Finding four wounded men he returned for stretchers and got them back into safety . This is not the first time that Captain Deane 's gallantry under fire has been brought to notice . On 25 September , Deane 's battalion , the 2nd Leicesters , took part in the Battle of Loos , in a diversionary attack by the Indian Corps to draw away German reserves from the main attack . According to the personal account of George Wilfred Grossmith , after the battle , the battalion ceased to exist , and most of the other regiments of the Meerut Division were decimated . The artillery bombardment prior to the infantry assault had failed to destroy all of the German barbed wire defences , and some men got caught up in them . Deane went to help . Returning across the open , he was killed instantly by a bullet to the head . His Colonel , who was himself badly wounded , wrote to his family saying He was the most gallant fellow I ever met , and we all loved him in the regiment , both officers and men . He was just a part of us , and the few of us left mourn his loss very deeply . We had a big battle on the 25th , and your son went out to try and help some wounded in and got killed . I believe his death was instantaneous , but I am not sure , as I was wounded myself , and had to be taken back . His body was recovered and was buried by our Padre , and I will give you exact location of cemetery afterwards . Everyone knew Deane as one of the bravest of the brave , and it was only the other day that he got one of the best deserved and gallantly won honours , when he was awarded the Military Cross . Following this action , he was mentioned in despatches . Captain Ernest Deane was one of 17 RCSI doctors killed in action during the war . He is buried at the Rue du unk No 1 Military Cemetery ( Grave unk ) , Laventie , France .
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3,769 | The Action of 24 March 1811 was a minor naval engagement of the Napoleonic Wars , fought as part of the Royal Navy blockade of the French English Channel ports . By 1811 , Royal Navy control of the French coast was so entrenched that French ships were unable to travel safely even in French territorial waters . In late 1810 , French frigates Elisa and Amazone sailed from Le Havre to join with a larger squadron at Cherbourg , but were intercepted by a British frigate squadron and forced to shelter at Saint Vaast la Hougue . There they came under sustained attack and Elisa was destroyed , Amazone successfully slipping back to Le Havre under cover of darkness . To prevent Amazone from escaping once more , the British blockade squadron was reinforced . On the evening of 23 March 1811 , Amazone left Le Havre once more , sailing west towards Cherbourg through the night . Escaping the ships watching Le Havre , Amazone was sighted at dawn on 24 March weathering Cape Barfleur by ship of the line HMS Berwick , which pursued the French frigate into a bay 1 nautical mile ( 1 . 9 km ) west of the Phare de unk lighthouse . There Berwick , reinforced by a squadron of smaller ships , attacked Amazone but was unable to approach through the rocks and shoals of the coast . Plans were made overnight to attack the frigate with ship 's boats , but on the following day the French Captain Bernard Louis Rosseau set his ship on fire to prevent its capture . Action By the autumn of 1810 the Napoleonic Wars had lasted for seven years and the French Navy , over the course of the conflict , had been successively driven from the Atlantic until every French port was watched by a Royal Navy close blockade , ready to attack any French ship which emerged from harbour . In 1809 , the main French fleet at Brest had attempted to break out into open water , only to be driven back and defeated at the Battle of Basque Roads . Much of the French effort at sea subsequently fell on commerce raiders , including privateers and frigate squadrons , often operating from smaller harbours such as those on the Northern coast of France in the English Channel . The two principal raiding ports were Cherbourg and Le Havre in Normandy , each of which maintained squadrons . In 1810 , Cherbourg 's anchorage held two ships of the line and a large , newly built frigate Iphignie , while the frigates Elisa and Amazone were stationed at Le Havre . Both ports were watched closely by a blockade squadron detached from the Channel Fleet , including ships of the line off Cherbourg and two frigates , HMS Diana and HMS Niobe , off Le Havre . On 12 November 1810 Elisa and Amazone attempted to break out of Le Havre and join with the squadron at Cherbourg , slipping past the blockade in the darkness . Spotted in the early hours of 13 November , the frigates managed to anchor at the well defended harbour of Saint Vaast la Hougue , where on 15 November they were attacked by the combined blockade forces from Cherbourg and Le Havre . Although the attack was beaten back , Elisa was too badly damaged to continue the mission and on 27 November Amazone successfully returned to Le Havre without encountering the British forces . Elisa was subsequently driven onshore and destroyed by the British squadron . Amazone 's journey Amazone , commanded by Captain Bernard Louis Rosseau , attempted to sail to Cherbourg again on 23 March 1811 . On this occasion Rosseau successfully evaded the blockade of Le Havre and by dawn on 24 March was weathering the point of Cape Barfleur . As the frigate passed the Phare de unk lighthouse , only a few miles from her destination , she was spotted by a British ship of the line recently sailed from the British fleet anchorage at St Helens , the 74 gun HMS Berwick under Captain James Macnamara , then sailing approximately 12 nautical miles ( 22 km ) offshore . Macnamara took Berwick in pursuit , seeking to cut off Rosseau 's advance , and the French captain managed to evade Berwick by taking shelter in a small bay 1 nautical mile ( 1 . 9 km ) west of the lighthouse . Navigation through the rocks of the bay had been difficult , and as she entered the bay Amazone 's rudder had been torn away , rendering the ship unk . With Amazone trapped , Macnamara called up the rest of the Cherbourg squadron , the frigate HMS Amelia under Captain Frederick Paul Irby and the brig sloops HMS Goshawk under Commander James Lilburn and HMS Hawk under Commander Henry Bourchier . This force was required to remain a substantial distance offshore as the rocky coastline posed a considerable danger to the British ships . Macnamara 's plan was to wait for high tide and then bring the squadron closer inshore to bombard the French frigate into surrender . As they waited , the squadron was joined by Niobe from the Le Havre under Captain John Wentworth Loring . At 16 00 the tides were optimal for the attack and Niobe , Amelia and Berwick sailed into the bay . However , Rosseau had situated Amazone in a strong position , protected from close attack by rocks and shoals and in consequence the British ships could only fire as they wore around , resulting in scattered and inaccurate fire . As they advanced , the British ships came under fire from Amazone , which killed one sailor on Berwick and killed one and wounded another on Amelia , while the British fire had no effect on the French ship . At 18 00 , Macnamara withdrew his ships from the bay , all three vessels having suffered considerable damage to their rigging and sails from Amazone 's shot . Aftermath Macnamara considered plans to use ship 's boats to attack Amazone directly , but resolved to attempt to enter the bay again on the morning of 25 March . As dawn broke however it became apparent that Rosseau had abandoned his damaged ship with his crew , setting the frigate on fire as he departed . By the end of the day Amazone had been burnt to the waterline and destroyed . Macnamara 's squadron returned to their blockade duties off Cherbourg . The remaining frigate in the region , Iphignie , did eventually succeed in breaking out of Cherbourg , but was intercepted and captured in the Atlantic during a raiding mission in January 1814 .
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3,770 | The Michael Jordan statue , officially known as The Spirit ( and sometimes referred to as Michael Jordan 's Spirit ) , is a bronze sculpture by Omri Amrany and Julie Rotblatt Amrany outside the United Center in the Near West Side community area of Chicago . The sculpture was originally commissioned after Jordan 's initial retirement following three consecutive NBA championships and unveiled prior to the Bulls taking residence in their new home stadium the following year . Depicting Basketball Hall of Fame member Michael Jordan and unveiled on November 1 , 1994 , the 12 foot ( 3 . 7 m ) sculpture stands atop a 5 foot ( 1 . 52 m ) black granite base . Although not critically well received , the statue has established its own legacy as a meeting place for fans at subsequent Bulls championships and as a rallying point for Chicago Blackhawks fans during their prideful times . History Background Michael Jordan had spent his entire career with the Chicago Bulls since being drafted in the 1984 NBA Draft by the team with the third overall selection . Eventually , he led the Bulls to three consecutive championships in the 1991 , 1992 and 1993 NBA Finals . During each of these championship seasons he was an NBA All Star , NBA scoring champion , All NBA Team first team selection , NBA All Defensive Team first team selection , and the NBA Finals MVP . After Jordan retired following the 1992 93 NBA season , Chicago Bulls owner Jerry Reinsdorf sought a sculptor to honor Jordan and requested that Chicago Bulls Vice President Steve unk seek proposals from artists . Twelve artists made proposals . In January 1994 , unk hired Omri and Julie Rotblatt Amrany of Highland Park , Illinois , who erected a statue at the Bulls ' new home for the 1994 95 NBA season , the United Center . Until 1994 when they both moved , the Bulls and Blackhawks had played at Chicago Stadium . Creation and installation While the sculpture was a work in progress , the location of the sculptor 's rented studio was kept secret from the public , while the husband and wife sculptor team and three assistants spent four months working for sixteen hours every day of the week . The process involved two sittings with Jordan for measurements and photos , including one in which the clay version had to be driven from Chicago to Nashville , to ensure the accuracy of the clay likeness . The 2 , 000 pound ( 907 . 2 kg ) sculpture , which is 12 feet ( 3 . 7 m ) tall , rests on a 5 foot high black granite base that has an inscription reading The best there ever was . The best there ever will be . The base also includes a list of his accomplishments . The bronze statue used lost wax casting . The sculpture has led to a lot of similar work for the couple . The sculpture 's official address is United Center , 1901 W. Madison Street . Officially named The Spirit , it is located outside of Gate 4 . The United Center opened on August 18 , 1994 . The exact pose of Jordan in unk is left for artistic interpretation , but speculations include his 63 point performance against Boston in the 1986 NBA Playoffs , the 1988 NBA All Star Game slam dunk contest at Chicago Stadium and his unk logo that has been on Jordan branded Nike products since the 1980s . Jordan is depicted doing a right handed slam dunk over two opponents while jumping right to left in the eastward facing statue giving him a southbound trajectory . Prior to the beginning of each basketball season , the sculpture gets touched up . The sculpture was installed on October 31 and unveiled on November 1 , 1994 in front of a national audience by Jordan , Reinsdorf and Larry King . Jordan 's jersey number was retired during the ceremony . Only Jordan 's knee is attached to the base via a triple steel post . A stationary basketball hoop was almost part of the sculpture too . The sculpture , which is hollow , was designed to withstand the natural elements . After his second retirement following the 1997 98 NBA season , the following quote from the 1992 film A River Runs Through It was added to the base At that moment I knew , surely and clearly , that I was witnessing perfection . He stood before us , suspended above the earth , free from all its laws like a work of art , and I knew , just as surely and clearly , that life is not a work of art , and that the moment could not last . Reception and legacy Some complain that the sculpture does not depict Jordan 's well known open mouthed tongue wag . Chicago Tribune art critic Alan G. Artner says the inscription at the base that reads The best there ever was . The best there ever will be . refers only to the subject and not the sculpture . Following the Bulls ' second three peat after Jordan 's return , the statue became a sports mecca for fans to gather and take photographs . ESPN The Magazine listed the sculpture as one of the ten greatest sports photo opportunities in 1998 . In 1995 , 123 28 inch ( 71 . 1 cm ) bronze maquettes of the sculpture on 6 inch ( 15 . 2 cm ) granite bases were produced by the Rotblatt unk and sold at 10 , 000 ( 15 , 530 in 2016 dollars ) each as a fundraiser for the James Jordan Boys Girls Club . The TNT 2 hour broadcast of the original ceremony had also been in part a fundraiser for the Boys Girls Club , but some had thought it was overdone and ungraceful . At times , the statue has been adorned with various Chicago Blackhawks player jerseys . When Denis Savard 's jersey was retired on March 19 , 1998 , fans put his jersey on the statue , but it was removed one hour later . During the 2010 Stanley Cup Finals , United Center personnel added an ice hockey helmet , a Reebok jersey of captain Jonathan Toews and Reebok ice skates to the statue . Within 48 hours , the Reebok logos on the ice skates had been covered by Nike stickers . When Chicagoan Barack Obama welcomed the Blackhawks to the White House as President of the United States , he made mention of the jersey being placed on the Jordan statue . In May 2011 , there was an announcement the Hockey Hall of Famers Stan Mikita and Bobby Hull would have statues placed outside of the United Center near Jordan 's sometime early during the 2011 12 NHL season .
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3,771 | Krasnyi Krym ( Russian unk Red Crimea ) was a light cruiser of the Soviet Navy . She was laid down in 1913 as Svetlana for the Imperial Russian Navy , the lead ship of the Svetlana class . She was built by the Russo Baltic Yard in Tallinn , Estonia and launched in 1915 . Her hull was evacuated to Petrograd when the Germans approached the port in late 1917 and laid up incomplete during the Russian Revolution . The ship was completed by the Soviets in 1926 . During World War II she supported Soviet troops during the Siege of Odessa , Siege of Sevastopol , and the Kerch Feodosiya Operation in the winter of 1941 42 . Krasnyi Krym was awarded the Guards title on 18 June 1942 . The ship was reclassified as a training ship in November 1954 before being scrapped in July 1959 . Service history When Svetlana was towed from Tallinn to St. Petersburg in November 1917 she was about 90 complete and the Soviets expected to commission her in 1919 , but she was laid up incomplete due to the disruptions of the Russian Civil War . It wasn 't until November 1924 that work recommenced on her and she was renamed Profintern ( Russian unk ) on 5 February 1925 . She was completed in October 1926 , but she had to return to the dockyard to remedy numerous problems and wasn 't commissioned until 1 July 1928 . Profintern was completed to nearly her original design , but was modified to handle aircraft by adding cranes on either side of the middle funnel and a parking area was built for them between the central and rear funnels , although no catapult was ever fitted . Her original internal torpedo tubes were replaced by two triple 450 millimetre ( 18 in ) torpedo tubes mounted on the deck abaft the rear funnel . And her original four 38 caliber 2 . 5 inch ( 64 mm ) anti aircraft guns were replaced by nine 30 caliber 3 inch ( 76 mm ) Lender AA guns . Initially based in the Baltic she was transferred to the Black Sea Fleet in 1929 , arriving on 18 January 1930 , together with the battleship Parizhskaya Kommuna . She was extensively overhauled in the late 1930s where her aircraft equipment was removed and she was fitted with new fire control equipment . The ship was given three Italian Minizini twin gun 50 caliber 100 millimetre ( 3 . 9 in ) anti aircraft mounts , one was placed on the forecastle , in front of the forward 130 mm ( 5 . 1 in ) 55 B7 Pattern 1913 gun and the other two on each side of the quarterdeck . Four single mounts for the semi automatic 45 millimetre ( 1 . 8 in ) 21 K gun were fitted as well as seven 12 . 7 millimetre ( 0 . 50 in ) AA machine guns . At some point she exchanged her 21 K AA guns for ten single mounts for the naval version of the 37 mm automatic air defense gun unk ( 61 K ) . Profintern was renamed Krasnyi Krym on 31 October 1939 World War II Krasnyi Krym provided gunfire support to Soviet forces defending Odessa and escorted convoys bringing the 157th Rifle Division into Odessa during the month of September 1941 . She also transported two battalions of the 3rd Marine Regiment from Sevastopol in a successful amphibious assault behind Romanian lines to destroy Romanian coastal batteries near Fontanka and Dofinovka . She escorted convoys from 3 6 October that evacuated the 157th Rifle Division from Odessa to Sevastopol . During the Siege of Sevastopol , the ship provided gunfire support and evacuated cut off troops from elsewhere in the Crimea into Sevastopol and brought in reinforcements from Caucasian ports . She helped to transport the 388th Rifle Division from Novorossisk and Tuapse to Sevastopol between 7 and 13 December and the 354th Rifle Division between 21 and 22 December , bombarding German position in the interim . During the Kerch Feodosiya Operation , Krasnyi Krym sailed into the harbor of Feodosiya on 29 December 1941 and disembarked reinforcements and provided gunfire support for Soviet troops already ashore . She was hit eleven times by Axis artillery and mortar fire in retaliation . Between 15 and 21 January 1942 she landed the bulk of the 266th Mountain Regiment at unk and reinforced them with 1576 troops of the unk Rifle Regiment between 23 and 26 January . During the following months Krasnyi Krym brought in reinforcements for the garrison of Sevastopol and evacuated the wounded , sometimes bombarding German positions en route , her last such mission being on 3 June 1942 , after the Germans had already launched the attack that would force the city to surrender in July . She was awarded the Guards title on 18 June in recognition of her performance . Krasnyi Krym and the destroyer unk evacuated 2000 men from Novorossisk to Batumi between 9 12 August , a regiment of the 32nd Guards Rifle Division on 12 13 August and a further 1850 men and 60 tons of supplies on 16 17 August 1942 . Between 8 11 September Krasnyi Krym and several destroyers ferried the 137th and 145th Rifle Regiments along with the 3rd Naval Rifle Brigade from Poti to Tuapse and Gelendzhik . Between 20 and 23 October Krasnyi Krym , her half sister Krasny Kavkaz , and three destroyers ferried 12 , 600 men of the 8th , 9th and 10th Guards Infantry Brigades from Poti to Tuapse to reinforce the defenses there . Krasnyi Krym , two destroyers and a number of minesweepers transported the 9th Mountain Rifle Division from Batumi to Tuapse from 1 10 December 1942 . On the night of 4 February 1943 the Soviets made a series of amphibious landings to the west of Novorossisk , behind German lines . Krasnyi Krym , Krasny Kavkaz , and three destroyers provided fire support for the main landing , but the Soviet troops there were wiped out by 6 February , although one secondary landing was successful . The loss of three destroyers attempting to interdict the German evacuation of the Taman Bridgehead on 6 October 1943 caused Stalin to forbid the deployment of large naval units without his express permission and this meant the end of Krasnyi Krym 's active participation in the war . Post war career The ship was reclassified as a training ship in 1954 . On 7 May 1957 she was redesignated as Experimental Ship OS 20 and then reclassified on 18 March 1959 as Floating Barracks PKZ 144 before being scrapped in July 1959 .
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3,772 | Ronald Paul Ron Fedkiw ( unk born February 27 , 1968 ) is a full professor in the Stanford University department of computer science and a leading researcher in the field of computer graphics , focusing on topics relating to physically based simulation of natural phenomena and level sets . His techniques have been employed in over twenty motion pictures . He has earned recognition at the 80th Academy Awards as well as from the National Academy for Science . His Oscar was awarded for developing techniques that enabled many technically sophisticated adaptations including the visual effects in 21st century movies in the Star Wars , Harry Potter , Terminator , and Pirates of the Caribbean franchises . Fedkiw has designed a platform that has been used to create many of the movie world 's most advanced special effects since it was first used on the T X character in Terminator 3 Rise of the Machines . Although he has won an Oscar for his work , he does not design the visual effects that use his technique . Instead , he has developed a system that other award winning technicians and engineers have used to create visual effects for some of the world 's most expensive and highest grossing movies . He is also a co founder of unk , which stands for Personal Improvement Via Omniscient Technology . The stated mission of the company is to develop technology to help people achieve their personal goals of looking better , feeling better , and living better using omniscient technology . Early life and family Fedkiw , who was born in Buffalo , New York , earned his B.S. and M.A. from University at Buffalo , The State University of New York in mathematics in 1990 and 1991 respectively . Then , he received his Ph.D. in applied mathematics from UCLA in 1996 . His dissertation was chaired by Stanley Osher . He completed postdoctoral studies both at UCLA in Mathematics and at Caltech in Aeronautics before joining the Stanford Computer Science Department . Fedkiw has two daughters Brittany was born in 2000 and Briana was born in 2003 . Career Fedkiw is now a full professor in the department of computer science . Fedkiw serves on the editorial boards of Journal of Computational Physics and the Journal of Scientific Computing . He has published Level Set Methods and Dynamic Implicit Surfaces ( Springer 2002 , ISBN 0 387 unk 1 ) along with Stanley Osher . Since 2000 , Fedkiw has been a consultant with Industrial Light and Magic receiving screen credits for work on Terminator 3 Rise of the Machines , Star Wars Episode III Revenge of the Sith and Poseidon . In addition , he has worked on all three Pirates of the Caribbean and some Harry Potter movies . Fedkiw 's techniques have made possible the renderings of the sea in the Pirates movies and the dragon 's flaming breath in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire . They have also made possible the rushing floodwaters in Evan Almighty and were first used with T X in Terminator 3 . Fedkiw feels the best result of the use of his techniques was the sinking ship shots in Poseidon . Pirates of the Caribbean Dead Man 's Chest won the Academy Award for Visual Effects at the 79th Academy Awards awarded on February 25 , 2007 and Poseidon was also nominated that year in that category . Among the applications that Fedkiw 's math engine is responsible for is the tentacles of Davy Jones ( pictured left ) in the Academy Award winning Dead Man 's Chest . On February 9 , 2008 in the Academy Scientific and Technical Award ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , Fedkiw was awarded an 80th Academy Award for Technical Achievement for the development of the Industrial Light Magic ( ILM ) fluid simulation system . He shared the award with Nick Rasmussen and Frank unk Petterson . Fedkiw does physics based simulation that enable better water effects . Previous representations had varying levels of success . They often did well at surface representation , but were less efficient at smaller particles such as breaking waves . Fedkiw 's team 's innovative particle level set method allows both smooth surfaces and water breakdown renderings including water spray . Fedkiw has worked with Industrial Light and Magic , Pixar Animation Studios , Intel Corporation , Honda and Sony Pictures Imageworks . Fedkiw commented that when he was informed that he would be presented his award by Jessica Alba he was quoted by the Associated Press as follows They said I got 60 seconds so I might just spend the last 15 realizing I 'm 10 feet away from the most beautiful woman on the planet . . . and no restraining order this time . Fedkiw and his colleagues have designed a C code library for Physics Based Modelling ( unk http unk ) that facilitates the creation of better special effects for movies , including water , smoke , fire , cloth , rigid bodies and deformable bodies . Fedkiw often receives screen credit for consulting with special effects engineers , technicians and movie executives . His research has focused on the design of new computational algorithms that can be used for many purposes , including computational fluid dynamics and soft body dynamics , computer graphics , computer vision and computational biomechanics . In fact , the system can also be used for a range of applications from motion capture to rendering , but Fedkiw 's main emphasis is on physics based simulation . Fedkiw has described his work as follows It is an exhaustive task to prescribe the motion of every degree of freedom in a piece of clothing or a crashing wave . . unk these motions are governed by physical processes , it can be difficult to make these phenomena appear natural . Thus , physically based simulation has become quite popular in the special effects industry . The same class of tools useful for computational fluid dynamics is also useful for sinking a ship on the big screen . Awards Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers National Academy for Science Award for Initiatives in Research SIGGRAPH Significant New Researcher Award ( 2005 ) Book S. Osher and R. Fedkiw , Level Set Methods and Dynamic Implicit Surfaces , Springer Verlag , New York ( 2002 ) .
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3,773 | The Conscience in Media Award is presented by the American Society of Journalists and Authors ( ASJA ) to journalists that the society deems worthy of recognition for their distinctive contributions . The award is not given out often , and is awarded to those journalists which the ASJA feels have demonstrated integrity to journalistic values , while enduring personal costs to themselves . Candidates are decided by an initial vote of the ASJA 's First Amendment Committee , which must then be confirmed by a separate vote of the ASJA 's Board of Directors . The award has been presented a total of twelve times since the first award was given out in 1975 . Notable recipients have included Jonathan Kozol , for work researching homelessness while writing his book Rachel and Her Children , Richard Behar and Paulette Cooper , for separate pieces investigating the Church of Scientology , and Anna Rosmus , for her investigation into the Nazi history of her hometown in Passau , Germany . In 2005 , the committee voted to present the Award to Judith Miller , but this vote was later overturned by a unanimous decision of the board not to honor Miller with the award . History The award is given by the ASJA , to recognize distinctive contributions by any journalist in any medium . The first award was given to Jerald F. terHorst in 1975 , and in total the award has been presented twelve times . The award criteria are stringent . The American Society of Journalists and Authors maintains that those honored must have knowingly taken risks in the course of researching their story , going beyond the normal call of duty . Specifically , the award is given for singular commitment to the highest principles of journalism at notable personal cost . Jonathan Kozol was honored with the 1988 Award , for work done on his book Rachel and Her Children Homeless Families in America . In order to research the plight of homeless people in New York City , Kozol spent the majority of a winter season at the Martinique Hotel in Manhattan , where he grew close with the residents of the government subsidized shelter . During his time spent learning about the experiences of the homeless , he most empathized with homeless mothers who constantly fear that sickness , poverty or intervention from the state of New York will result in the loss of their children . Kozol attempted to analyze the causes of homelessness , and to provide an estimate of what the future would be for the homeless . 1992 was the only time in ASJA history in which two writers were honored in the same year . The unk had already decided to honor investigative journalist Richard Behar , for his Time magazine article about the Church of Scientology The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power . Paulette Cooper , a longtime member of the ASJA , had also written about Scientology in her book The Scandal of Scientology , and was the subject of a Fair Game tactic that the Church of Scientology Guardian 's Office called Operation Freakout . As the award was not in existence at the time Cooper wrote her book , the ASJA decided that recognizing Cooper at the same time as Behar emphasized the commitment and courage both writers imbued in the face of risk to themselves . Anna Rosmus received the 1994 award , in honor of work related to her research on the Nazi past of her hometown in Bavaria . Rosmus researched anti Semitism , and opposed neo Nazis and the extreme right in Germany . She also located and published artwork of Jews that had once lived in her hometown of Passau , Germany . As a result of her work , Rosmus endured threats against her life . In a 1996 Yom HaShoah ceremony , Rosmus recounted threats she faced after conducting her research Once friendly neighbors threatened me openly on the telephone , in person , in letters ... They threatened to kill me and kidnap my children . Some even attacked me physically , a room where I was to speak in Munich was bombed just before I was to be there , and several times I was sued . Nobody ever claimed I had said anything false or made mistakes . They just claimed all this would damage their reputations . Rosmus was profiled on 60 Minutes , and her story was the subject of the 1990 West German drama film , The Nasty Girl . Rosmus was presented with the Conscience in Media Award in a special ceremony at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum . In 2005 , the ASJA 's First Amendment Committee narrowly voted to present Judith Miller with the award , in recognition of her dedication to protecting sources . However , the full board of the ASJA later voted not to accept the decision of its committee , due to its opinion that her career as a whole and her actions in the Valerie Plame CIA leak case had cast doubt on her merits . ASJA president Jack El Hai stated that the ASJA board 's vote to reject the committee 's recommendation had been unanimous . This decision sparked controversy , and Jack El Hai received correspondence both praising the board for its decision , and accusing it of various political motives . In 2015 three freelance journalists , James Foley , Steven unk , and Austin Tice were honored with the award , presented at the National Press Club . These three men represent the highest values of journalism courage , sacrifice and a firm commitment to the truth , said Randy Dotinga , president of ASJA . Their bravery and dedication are especially inspiring to us as fellow independent writers . Award recipients 2015 James Foley , Steven unk , Austin Tice , freelance journalists killed or captured in the unk East 1994 Anna Rosmus , real life heroine of the film The Nasty Girl . 1992 Richard Behar , associate editor , TIME and author , Scientology The Cult of Greed ( TIME , May 6 , 1991 ) . 1992 Paulette Cooper , ASJA member and author , The Scandal of Scientology 1988 Jonathan Kozol , author , Rachel and Her Children . 1981 Jacobo unk , former Argentine editor publisher 1981 Erwin Knoll , editor , The Progressive 1978 Donald Woods , South African expatriate journalist 1977 Investigative Reporters and Editors 1977 Don Bolles ( posthumous award ) 1976 I.F. Stone 1975 Jerald F. terHorst Additional source
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3,774 | Triomphante ( Triumphant ) was the third and last ship of the La Galissonnire class of wooden hulled , armored corvettes built for the French Navy during the 1870s . Her construction was delayed for years and the navy took advantage of the extended construction time to upgrade her armament in comparison to the lead ship , La Galissonnire . She and her half sister La Galissonnire participated in a number of battles during the Sino French War of 1884 85 . The ship remained in Asia and never returned to France after the war . She was condemned in 1896 and sold in 1903 . Design and description The La Galissonnire class ironclads were designed as faster , more heavily armed versions of the Alma class ironclads by Henri Dupuy de Lme . They used the same central battery layout as their predecessors , although the battery was lengthened 4 meters ( 13 ft 1 in ) to provide enough room to work the larger 240 millimeter ( 9 . 4 in ) guns . Triomphante and her sister ship Victorieuse were modified by Constructor Sabattier who reduced the number of screws from two to one to improve their sailing qualities by reducing the drag from the stationary propellers , added an 194 millimeter ( 7 . 6 in ) bow chaser under the forecastle and increased the caliber and number of the secondary armament . Triomphante was 76 . 85 meters ( 252 ft 2 in ) between perpendiculars and had a beam of 14 . 88 meters ( 48 ft 10 in ) . She had a mean draft of 6 . 3 meters ( 20 ft 8 in ) and displaced 4 , 150 metric tons ( 4 , 080 long tons ) . Her crew numbered between 352 and 382 officers and men . Propulsion Triomphante had a single vertical compound steam engine driving a single propeller . Her engine was powered by four oval boilers . During sea trials her engine produced 2 , 214 indicated horsepower ( 1 , 651 kW ) and the ship reached 12 . 75 knots ( 23 . 61 km h 14 . 67 mph ) . She only carried 330 metric tons ( 320 long tons ) of coal which allowed her to steam for 2 , 740 nautical miles ( 5 , 070 km 3 , 150 mi ) at a speed of 10 knots ( 19 km h 12 mph ) . Victorieuse was also ship rigged with three masts and had a sail area of 1 , 730 square meters ( 18 , 600 sq ft ) . Armament Triomphante mounted four of her six 240 millimeter Modle 1870 breech loading guns in the central battery on the battery deck . The other two 240 millimeter guns were mounted in barbettes on the upper deck , sponsoned out over the sides of the ship , just forward of the funnel . A 194 millimeter breech loading chase gun was fitted under the forecastle . Triomphante 's secondary armament of six 138 millimeter ( 5 . 4 in ) breech loading guns was also mounted on the upper deck . The armor piercing shell of the 19 caliber 240 mm gun weighed 317 . 5 pounds ( 144 . 0 kg ) while the gun itself weighed 15 . 41 long tons ( 15 . 66 t ) . It had a muzzle velocity of 1 , 624 ft s ( 495 m s ) and was credited with the ability to penetrate a nominal 14 . 4 inches ( 366 mm ) of wrought iron armour at the muzzle . The 20 caliber 194 mm gun fired an armor piercing 165 . 3 pound ( 75 . 0 kg ) shell while the gun itself weighed 7 . 83 long tons ( 7 . 96 t ) . The gun fired its shell at a muzzle velocity of 1 , 739 ft s ( 530 m s ) and was credited with the ability to penetrate a nominal 12 . 5 inches ( 320 mm ) of wrought iron armour at the muzzle . The 138 mm gun was 21 calibers long and weighed 2 . 63 long tons ( 2 . 67 t ) . It fired a 61 . 7 pound ( 28 . 0 kg ) explosive shell with velocity of 1 , 529 ft s ( 466 m s ) . The guns could fire both solid shot and explosive shells . For defense against torpedo boats the ship also mounted four 37 millimeter ( 1 . 5 in ) Hotchkiss 5 barrel revolving guns . They fired a shell weighing about 500 g ( 1 . 1 lb ) at a muzzle velocity of about 610 m s ( 2 , 000 ft s ) to a range of about 3 , 200 meters ( 3 , 500 yd ) . They had a rate of fire of about 30 rounds per minute . Triomphante also received several towed Harvey torpedoes . Armor The La Galissonnire class ships had a complete 150 millimeter ( 5 . 9 in ) wrought iron waterline belt , approximately 2 . 4 meters ( 7 . 9 ft ) high laid over 650 millimeters ( 26 in ) of wood . The sides of the battery itself were armored with 120 millimeters ( 4 . 7 in ) of wrought iron backed by 520 millimeters ( 20 in ) of wood and the ends of the battery were closed by bulkheads of the same thickness . The barbette armor was 120 millimeters ( 4 . 7 in ) thick . The unarmored portions of their sides were protected by thin iron plates . Service Triomphante was laid down at Rochefort on 5 August 1869 and launched on 28 March 1877 . While the exact reason for such prolonged construction time is not known , the budget for the French Navy was cut after the Franco Prussian War of 1870 71 and the French dockyards had not been reformed with working practices more suitable for the industrial age . The ship was commissioned as the flagship of the Pacific Squadron on 17 October 1880 under the command of Rear Admiral Brossard du unk . On 15 February 1883 she became flagship of the Levant Squadron ( French Division Navale du Levant ) under Rear Admiral Conte . On 28 May the admiral was ordered to shift his flag as Triomphante was ordered to Saigon . Triomphante , and her half sister La Galissonnire , were assigned to the Far East Squadron in 1884 , under the command of Vice Admiral Amde Courbet , and participated in several actions during the Sino French War of 1884 85 . Both ships fought in the Battle of Fuzhou , Triomphante sinking the wooden gunboat unk , and destroying coastal defenses defending the Min River . They supplied landing parties during the Battle of Tamsui in October 1884 , but they were forced to retreat by Chinese troops , albeit at only a few casualties ( 5 killed and 10 wounded ) . Triomphante helped to capture the unk Islands in March 1885 during the Pescadores Campaign , losing two killed and five wounded from her landing party . She became the flagship of the Far East Squadron on 1 April 1885 and remained as such until 5 February 1894 when she was reduced to reserve . Triomphante was condemned on 18 July 1896 and sold for scrap in 1903 .
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3,775 | Tropical Storm Toraji was a short lived and minimal tropical cyclone that brought inundating rainfall to areas of Southeast Asia in July 2007 . The name Toraji was contributed to the western Pacific typhoon naming list by North Korea and stands for a broad bell flower ( unk unk ) . The third named storm of the annual typhoon season , Toraji developed from an area of disturbed weather within the South China Sea on July 4 . As a result of its northwesterly track , the tropical depression moved over Hainan shortly after tropical cyclogenesis . Upon its emergence into the Gulf of Tonkin on July 5 , Toraji quickly intensified into a tropical storm with winds of 65 km h ( 40 mph ) this would be the tropical cyclone 's peak intensity for its entire duration . However , the JMA indicated that tropical storm intensity had been reached a day earlier . On the evening of July 5 , Toraji made its final landfall on unk , Guangxi before rapidly deteriorating inland and degenerating into a remnant low pressure area by the following day . During its two day duration , Toraji brought heavy rainfall to areas of southeastern China and Vietnam . Prior to impacting China , 147 , 000 people were evacuated from potentially affected regions . In that country , the storm 's effects were spread out over a 800 , 000 1 , 200 , 000 km2 ( 310 , 000 460 , 000 sq mi ) area . The torrential rainfall produced by the tropical storm damaged agricultural land and destroyed several hundred homes , while damaging many more . Total damage in China was estimated at CN 73 million ( 9 . 6 million ) . Despite making landfall near the border of Vietnam and China , effects in the former were generally minimal . However , several fishing boats capsized offshore these sinkings did not result in any deaths . Meteorological history In early July 2007 , an area of disturbed weather began to persist in the South China Sea roughly 155 mi ( 250 km ) southeast of Hainan . The Japan Meteorological Agency ( JMA ) classified the system as a tropical depression at 0000 UTC on July 3 after the storm had organized sufficiently , however , other tracking agencies did not indicate that tropical cyclogenesis had occurred at the time . However , the Joint Typhoon Warning Center ( JTWC ) began to monitor the disturbance for potential signs of tropical cyclogenesis at 0100 UTC later that day , At the time , the storm system was situated in an area of weak to moderate wind shear , exposing the disturbance 's low level circulation center . Despite the prevailing conditions and proximity to land , the storm continued to organize , and as such the JTWC issued a tropical cyclone formation alert for the system at 0130 UTC the following day . As it tracked in a general northwesterly direction , intensification continued , and both the JMA and JTWC consequently upgraded the disturbance to tropical storm intensity at 0600 UTC on July 4 , giving the storm the name Toraji . Meanwhile , the Hong Kong Observatory ( HKO ) upgraded the same system to tropical depression status . At the same time , Toraji made its first landfall on Hainan Island . According to the JMA , the tropical storm had winds of 65 km h ( 40 mph ) and a minimum barometric pressure of 996 mbar ( hPa 29 . 42 inHg ) . As the cyclone passed over the island , Toraji weakened marginally , and whilst the HKO and JMA maintained their prior intensities for the system , the JTWC downgraded Toraji to tropical depression status at 1800 UTC before a subsequent re upgrade as the cyclone emerged into the Gulf of Tonkin early the following day . Once over open water , modest intensification ensued , with the storm reaching peak intensity at 1800 UTC on July 4 with winds still at 65 km h ( 40 mph ) and a pressure of 994 mbar ( hPa 29 . 36 inHg ) . Six hours later on the following day , the HKO upgraded Toraji to tropical storm intensity . After having tracked north northwestward along the western periphery of a subtropical ridge , Toraji made its final landfall near Cm Ph , Vietnam at approximately 1200 UTC on July 5 at the same intensity . Six hours later , all three agencies downgraded Toraji to tropical depression intensity . By that time , the JTWC had ceased the issuance of tropical cyclone products on the storm . However , the JMA and HKO continued to monitor the system until 0000 UTC on July 5 . Preparations and impact Due to the impending threat of Toraji , Chinese officials evacuated over 147 , 000 people from areas potentially affected by the cyclone . Upon making its first landfall in China , Toraji became the first of six tropical cyclones to move ashore the country in the first three quarters of 2007 . The system 's effects were spread out over a region approximately 800 , 000 1 , 200 , 000 km2 ( 310 , 000 460 , 000 sq mi ) in area . In Guangxi , Toraji caused extensive impacts . In unk , a weather station clocked gusts peaking at 120 km h ( 75 mph ) . Associated rains destroyed approximately 16 , 600 acres ( 6 , 700 ha ) of farm and agricultural land , and the resulting flooding caused the collapse of 376 homes . An additional 946 residences sustained at least partial damage . In China , the total economic loss resulting from Toraji was estimated at approximately CN 73 million ( 9 . 6 million ) . In preparation for the tropical storm , the Government of Vietnam redirected all boats back to port in Ha Long Bay . A hundred people were evacuated from low lying areas prone to landslides . Off of Vietnam , late reports indicated that several small fishing vessels were sunk by Toraji in Qung Ninh Province , located in the northern part of the country . However , no deaths resulted in these sinkings . On Bach Long Vi , a station recorded 152 mm ( 5 . 98 in ) of rain . Further inland , damage from Toraji in Vietnam remained generally minimal . Throughout northern areas of the country , an average of 155 mm ( 6 . 1 in ) of rain fell , leading to flooding and landslides . At least 27 homes were damaged and 13 others were destroyed by the storm , leaving millions of Vietnamese dong in losses . A power station at a nearby military base was also damaged during the storm , causing roughly 40 million ( US 2 , 240 ) in damage .
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3,776 | Kvinneakt ( female nude in Norwegian ) is an abstract bronze sculpture located on the Transit Mall of downtown Portland , Oregon . Designed and created by Norman J. Taylor between 1973 and 1975 , the work was funded by TriMet and the United States Department of Transportation and was installed on the Transit Mall in 1977 . The following year Kvinneakt appeared in the Expose Yourself to Art poster which featured future Mayor of Portland Bud Clark flashing the sculpture . It remained in place until November 2006 when it was removed temporarily during renovation of the Transit Mall and the installation of the MAX Light Rail on the mall . Originally located on Fifth Avenue , the sculpture was reinstalled on the mall in 2009 at a different location , on SW Sixth Avenue between Alder and Morrison , where it remains . According to TriMet , Kvinneakt is one of 40 public art sculptures in the Transit Mall 's art collection . The sculpture is part of the City of Portland and Multnomah County Public Art Collection courtesy of the Regional Arts Culture Council and is administered by the City of Portland Metropolitan Arts Commission . History Kvinneakt was designed and created by Norman J. Taylor , a Seattle based artist and professor of sculpture at the University of Washington , between 1973 and 1975 . The piece is an abstract bronze sculpture depicting a full length nude woman measuring 71 x 38 x 25 . Kvinneakt was one of 11 sculptures selected for the Portland Transit Mall from more than 500 entries entered in a juried competition . The works were purchased through a budget of 250 , 000 Kvinneakt was commissioned at a cost of 6 , 500 . Funding sources for the project included Tri Met ( 20 percent ) and the United States Department of Transportation ( 80 percent ) . Of the 11 sculptures , only Kvinneakt and Kathleen McCullough 's ( ne unk ) Cat in Repose were considered figurative . Claiming his intention was not to be vulgar , Taylor said It 's about grace and motion and a certain beauty and pride in the human figure . That may be sensual , but that 's far different from sex . According to the Regional Arts Culture Council , Taylor intended the piece to be confrontational he admitted , the worst reaction you could give my work is no reaction . Kvinneakt was installed on the newly built Transit Mall in 1977 . The bronze sculpture was sited on SW Fifth Avenue near Washington Street ( between Washington and Stark ) . In 1978 , Kvinneakt appeared on the Expose Yourself to Art poster , which featured future Portland Mayor Bud Clark flashing the nude woman . In 1981 , about 30 minutes before the start of April Fools ' Day , three men attempted to steal the 250 pound ( 110 kg ) statue , breaking it free from its pedestal and dragging it towards a waiting car before being spotted by a city worker and fleeing the scene . Damage from the incident included a broken right index finger and other cracks . Repairs cost 3 , 000 and were undertaken by Norman Taylor , who also strengthened the sculpture 's body and its connections to its base . Kvinneakt was reinstalled at Fifth Avenue and Washington six months later , in October 1981 . The sculpture has served as a stop on walking tours of the city , including the Metropolitan Arts Commission 's 1987 Portland Public Art walking tour and the 2003 Public Art Conference 's walking tour of downtown . On November 7 , 2006 , Kvinneakt was temporarily removed for renovation of the Transit Mall and installation of the MAX Light Rail along the mall . Its removal was supervised by staff of the Regional Arts Culture Council . During this time Kvinneakt and other removed works were cleaned and refurbished . In September 2009 , the statue was re sited on SW Sixth Avenue between Alder and Morrison . Representatives from the Regional Arts Culture Council and the TriMet Public Art Program conducted the unveiling . According to the former organization 's public art manager , the sculpture will likely remain in its current location for as long as 30 years . There have been other instances when Kvinneakt was used to make a statement or act as a prop . On April Fools ' Day , 1982 , the Portland unk gathered around the sculpture , issued a proclamation condemning nudity , even in statues , for viewing by the general public , and left the statue covered with a size 42 plus , lacy bra . In 1984 the statue was vandalized with the painted text Jesus Saves . In January 1985 , on the day Bud Clark took the oath of office as Mayor of Portland , Kvinneakt was draped anonymously with a sash reading Congratulations . In 2007 Tom unk , founder of New Deal Vodka , posted an image of the sculpture on the company 's website with the woman 's nipples airbrushed out , protesting censorship after the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau deemed the website offensive . In 2012 , Century of Action , a project of the Oregon Women 's History Consortium , used the sculpture to promote women 's suffrage by placing a Votes for Women sash across her chest as part of the organization 's Sash Project . Reception Kvinneakt is often referred to as the most notorious of the sculptures installed in the Transit Mall during the 1970s . In addition to being somewhat controversial because it is a nude , the sculpture has also received mixed reviews as a work of art . In 1981 , Taylor recalled that following the sculpture 's first installation one man told him that he ought to be ashamed of himself . In 1985 Jeff unk of The Oregonian listed the work as one of the city 's worst sculptures . In the article , Claire Kelly , director of Portland State University 's art and architecture program said , She 's more than simplistic , she 's absurd . It 's not a piece that belongs on public display . In contrast , Monk Magazine described the sculpture as the best looking girl in Portland with her stunning eyes and voluptuous figure . According to the magazine , Portland is the only city in the United States with a flasher statue . The sculpture was included in Kate Chynoweth 's 2003 book , The Best Places to Kiss in the Northwest A Romantic Travel Guide , as one of Portland 's romantic highlights .
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3,777 | Crime and Dissonance is a 2005 compilation album of Italian composer Ennio Morricone 's film score work . Intended as a follow up to two earlier Morricone compilations assembled by unk , the album was put together by Alan Bishop and released by Ipecac Recordings . Crime and Dissonance features work ranging from the later 1960s to the early 1980s , and contains scores taken from films of several different genres . The collection focuses on Morricone 's lesser known soundtrack work , with Ipecac founder Mike Patton consciously wishing to distance it from similar compilations . Released on October 18 , 2005 , Crime and Dissonance has been met with favorable reviews by critics . The album has attracted comments on Morricone 's experimental and innovative compositional style , often in contrast to the spare sounding westerns he is known for . Production Crime and Dissonance , a collection of Ennio Morricone 's film scores from the 1970s , was conceived as a follow up to unk releases Morricone 2000 and Morricone 2001 . However , that label abandoned the project , and Mike Patton of Ipecac Recordings decided to release it instead . Morricone had no input in the project instead the track listing was assembled by Alan Bishop . Bishop had previously assembled the Morricone 2000 and Morricone 2001 collections as well . All three compilations cover a roughly coterminous time period , spanning the late 1960s to the early 1980s , but concentrating primarily on the early 1970s . Bishop had been given a list of films whose scores were available to use in the collection he set about compiling the two disc set from there . However , the final song on the album , an eleven minute section from the soundtrack to Un uomo da unk , was not included in the list of available material . The project was delayed for some time while Bishop waited for record label Sugar Music to license the song . Patton , founder of Ipecac Recordings , has described his admiration for Morricone 's writing , feeling that the composer turned what could be banal , surface style pop into really deep , orchestrated , tense and compelling music . Patton considers Morricone to be one of his favorite composers , and wanted the compilation to serve as a fitting tribute . He felt it was imperative for Crime and Dissonance to focus on Morricone 's lesser known work , as it had to compete with a large back catalogue of similar compilations . To this end , Patton and Bishop focused on Morricone 's more experimental work , which Patton has compared to the music of Brazilian tropiclia group Os Mutantes . Patton has praised Bishop 's work on the project , calling him a big Morricone scholar , and has described Crime and Dissonance as one the Ipecac releases he is most proud of . Crime and Dissonance features liner notes written by composer John Zorn , who had previously reinterpreted Morricone 's work on the album The Big unk . The album 's title reflects the range of genres covered by the films whose scores have been included , with the collection gathering music from horror , suspense , mafia , and period movies , including several pieces taken from Dario Argento 's giallo film L unk dalle unk di unk . However , the album itself only lists the titles of the films , omitting the context in which the music was originally presented and leaving the compositions to speak for themselves . Track listing All songs written and composed by Ennio Morricone , except for Memento by Morricone and Walter Bianchi and Il unk by Morricone and Bruno Nicolai . Reception Crime and Dissonance was released on October 18 , 2005 , through the Ipecac Recordings label , although it has previously been scheduled for release on September 6 of the same year . The album has garnered mostly positive reviews from critics . Writing for Allrovi , Thom Jurek rated the collection four and a half stars out of five , calling it essential Morricone . Jurek felt that the album served to present a much wider view of Morricone not only as a composer , but as a sonic experimentalist . Pitchfork Media 's Joe Tangari awarded the album a score of eight out of ten , describing it as a minor revelation . Tangari felt that the collection represented Morricone 's most innovative period of work , and praised Bishop 's compilation for its cohesion and flow . Joshua Klein of The Washington Post has described the album as featuring bizarre soundscapes , discordant drones , proto unk , weird instruments , strange sounds and oddball voices . Klein felt that the collection portrayed Morricone as a ground breaking and confident composer , eschewing his trademark spare sounding scores to freely experiment . The A.V. Club 's Andy Battaglia rated the compilation an A , noting its dissimilarity to Morricone 's more well known work . Battaglia complimented the arrangement of the tracks , feeling that they flowed into one another well , and noted the range of genres the collection represented . Danny unk of The Roanoke Times has commented on the wide variety of styles the collection contains , adding that it proves Morricone always delivered something interesting . Stylus Magazine 's Cameron Macdonald rated the album an A , finding that the kitsch mass market appeal of Morricone 's better known western scores made Crime and Dissonance a more relevant record . However , Macdonald felt that album 's second disc was the weaker of the two , finding that the slapstick nature of some of its pieces seemed out of place . Dave Gurney of Tiny Mix Tapes rated Crime and Dissonance three and a half out of five , calling it a group of Morricone 's most uncompromising works . However , Gurney questioned the target audience of the collection , believing that it would not be likely to appeal to casual listeners while not presenting much new material for dedicated Morricone collectors . An anonymous review for The Stranger described the album as proof that there 's much more to the maestro than his revered spaghetti western work for Sergio Leone . The review highlighted the range of genres present in the collection , calling the end result a deluge of otherworldly , endlessly fascinating sounds .
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3,778 | St Deiniol 's Church , Llanddaniel Fab , is a small 19th century parish church in the centre of Llanddaniel Fab , a village in Anglesey , north Wales . The first church in this location is said to have been established by St Deiniol Fab ( to whom the church is dedicated ) in 616 . He was the son of St Deiniol , the first Bishop of Bangor . The current building , which is in Early English style , incorporates some material and fittings from an earlier church on the site , including the font and an 18th century memorial in the porch . The vestry door has medieval jambs and the keystone of its arch , which is also medieval , is a carved human face . Some parts of the nave walls may also come from a previous building here . The church is no longer used for worship , and the village is now served by a church in Llanfairpwll . As of 2011 , the building ( without the surrounding grounds ) was for sale . It is a Grade II listed building , a national designation given to buildings of special interest , which warrant every effort being made to preserve them , in particular because it is regarded as a good example of a simple 19th century rural church . History and location St Deiniol 's Church is near the centre of Llanddaniel Fab , a village in the south of Anglesey , north Wales . It is reached from the street by passing through a lychgate by the local war memorial . The village takes its name from the church the Welsh word llan originally meant enclosure and then church , and unk is a modified form of the saint 's name . The date of first construction of a Christian place of worship in the area is uncertain , but it is said by 19th century writers that a son of St Deiniol ( the first Bishop of Bangor ) established a church here in 616 . The son , also a saint , was known as Deiniol Fab ( Welsh for Deiniol the son ) , to distinguish him from his father . No part of a building from that time survives . A later edifice , dating from the 16th century or perhaps earlier , was replaced in the 19th century . Some parts of that structure may have been reused in the current church , as the 1937 survey by the Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments in Wales and Monmouthshire considered that sections of the walls of the nave may be from the older building . In 1833 , the antiquarian Angharad Llwyd described the old church as a very ancient and dilapidated structure , which had some good specimens of the architecture of a very remote period . Writing in 1846 , the clergyman and antiquarian Harry Longueville Jones described it as one so much altered by successive reparations , that little of its original architectural character has been preserved . Repairs were carried out to the new church , and a vestry added to the north side , in 1873 . The work was overseen by Henry Kennedy , architect of the Diocese of Bangor . St Deiniol 's is no longer in use in 2006 , a guide to the churches of Anglesey noted that no services had been held for a number of years , and added that ivy was growing across the building . The church 's former parish has been merged with that of the adjoining village of Llanfairpwll , served by St Mary 's , Llanfairpwll . As of January 2011 , the church ( without the grounds ) was on sale for 50 , 000 it was suggested by the estate agents handling the sale that it could be used as a studio or for storage , subject to necessary consents being obtained . People associated with St Deiniol 's include the clergymen Henry Rowlands and Isaac Jones . Rowlands , who wrote a history of Anglesey ( Mona Antiqua Restaurata ) in 1723 , served as priest here and in nearby parishes from 1696 onwards . Jones , a translator , was curate of St Deiniol 's from 1840 until his death in 1850 . Architecture and fittings The Gothic Revival church is in the Early English style . It is built from rubble masonry dressed with limestone and has a slate roof . The vestry is partially built from material used in the old church . The door in the vestry 's north wall has medieval doorjambs , and the keystone of the pointed arch , which is also medieval , is a carved human face . The nave of the church ( where the congregation sat ) has no aisle . The chancel ( site of the altar ) is at the east end of the nave . There is a porch , which contains an 18th century memorial , on the south side of the nave towards the west end , and a vestry to the north . Each section is steeply gabled , with the west end terminating in a bellcote surmounted by a cross and containing a single bell . The windows in the nave have two lights ( sections of window separated by mullions ) , save for one to the west of the porch , which has one light . The east end of the chancel has three adjoining lancet windows , the tallest in the middle . Internally , the walls have panelling at the bottom and painted plasterwork above . The roof has exposed timbers . There is a pointed chancel arch and three steps between the nave and chancel , with a further step to the sanctuary , which has a mosaic floor . The east windows and those on the north have stained glass . Fittings include the rectangular pulpit , the pews , and the altar table , which are all made of pine wood , and the octagonal font , made of granite with carvings on each side . The 1937 Royal Commission survey recorded that the church owned a plain silver cup , dated 1796 1797 . A visual inspection of the church in 2006 determined that there were many cobwebs inside , but also that the pews and organ remained in place . Assessment St Deiniol 's has national recognition and statutory protection from alteration as it has been designated as a Grade II listed building the lowest of the three grades of listing , designating buildings of special interest , which warrant every effort being made to preserve them . It was given this status on 30 January 1968 and has been listed because it is regarded as a good example of a simple 19th century rural church . Cadw ( the Welsh Government body responsible for the built heritage of Wales and the inclusion of Welsh buildings on the statutory lists ) states that it is coherently designed in an early Gothic style which is apt for its scale .
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3,779 | Hurricane Hiki was the wettest tropical cyclone on record in the United States . It was also considered the first official hurricane in the vicinity of the Hawaiian Islands . The fourth tropical cyclone of the 1950 Pacific hurricane season , Hiki formed as a tropical depression to the southeast of Hawaii on August 12 . On the following day , the depression headed northwestward and intensified into Tropical Storm Hiki . While paralleling the Hawaiian Islands on August 16 , Hiki strengthened into a hurricane . Around that time , the storm peaked with maximum sustained winds of 85 mph ( 140 km h ) . The following day , Hiki curved southwestward on August 17 . Two days later , the hurricane resumed moving northwestward and weakened to a tropical storm shortly thereafter . Around midday on August 21 , Hiki weakened to a tropical depression and dissipated about six hours later . Although Hiki was a small tropical cyclone and bypassed Hawaii , heavy rainfall and strong winds were observed throughout the islands . At the unk Ranger Station on Kauai , 52 inches ( 1 , 300 mm ) of precipitation was observed , which was the highest total associated with a tropical cyclone on record in the United States . The Waimea River overflowed , causing more than 200 residents to flee their homes . Many streets and several hundred acres of sugar cane fields were flooded . About 200 , 000 ( 1950 USD ) in damage was reported due to flooding in the city of Waimea . In Kekaha , the powerhouse suffered severe damage . Throughout the islands , winds de roofed several homes and downed power lines one fatality occurred after a person came in contact with a live wire . Meteorological history According to ship reports during the summer , the Intertropical Convergence Zone was farther north than usual , which created favorable conditions for tropical cyclogenesis . Weather charts at the Honolulu International Airport , a tropical depression developed at 00 00 UTC on August 12 , while located about 760 miles ( 1 , 220 km ) southeast of the Big Island . Thereafter , the storm gradually intensified , becoming a tropical storm at 06 00 UTC on August 13 . It was named Hiki , which is Hawaiian for Able . While situated east of Hilo , Hawaii , the system was described as an immature storm , and had a very small diameter . Shortly thereafter , a reconnaissance aircraft flew into Hiki and estimated that sustained wind speeds between 50 and 60 mph ( 80 and 100 km h ) . Further intensification continued and the system strengthened into a hurricane on August 16 . Upon reaching hurricane intensity on August 16 , Hiki simultaneously attained its maximum sustained wind speed of 85 mph ( 140 km h ) . Despite this , the storm had remained small , with gale force winds extending less than 150 mi ( 240 km ) from the center . Hiki remained between 100 and 200 mi ( 160 and 320 km ) offshore while paralleling several Hawaiian Islands , including Hawaii , Maui , Molokai , Oahu , and Kauai . As a high pressure ridge intensified , the northwestward movement of Hiki was blocked , causing the storm to briefly turn due west on August 17 . The high pressure ridge eventually influenced the hurricane to re curve southwestward . On August 18 , a reconnaissance aircraft observed sustained winds of 90 mph ( 150 km h ) to the south of the center a minimum barometric pressure of 982 mbar ( 29 . 0 inHg ) was also observed . After the reconnaissance aircraft flight into the storm on August 18 , residents of Kauai and Oahu were alerted of a possible cyclonic loop . However , later that day , the high pressure ridge weakened , causing Hiki to turned westward and pass south of French Frigate Shoals and Midway Island . Late on August 19 , Hiki weakened to a tropical storm and then resumed its course to the northwest . By August 21 , Hiki further weakened to a tropical depression , and dissipated six hours later . The hurricane was also followed by the Air Weather Service , located on Guam , who assigned the name Salome from the Pacific typhoon naming lists . Preparations and impact Hiki was one of the strongest tropical cyclones to approach the Hawaiian Islands in at least 45 years and officially the first hurricane in the region . As Hiki approached , a United States Coast Guard station with 14 people in French Frigate Shoals was alerted . In addition , ships in the area were also advised to take caution . Hiki caused high waves on some of the Hawaiian Islands . Hawaii remained on the southern semicircle of Hiki , and as a result , light wind damage occurred . The highest reported winds from Hiki was at the Kilauea Lighthouse on Kauai , where gusts up to 68 mph ( 109 km h ) were observed . The islands of Niihau and Lanai also experienced tropical storm force winds , reaching 48 and 50 mph ( 77 and 80 km h ) , respectively . As a result , several houses throughout the Hawaiian Islands lost their roof . In addition , a farmer in Kohala on Hawaii died after coming into contact with a live wire that was blown down from high winds . Hiki was the wettest tropical cyclone in United States history , as rainfall of over 52 in ( 1 , 300 mm ) observed at the unk Ranger Station on Kauai between August 14 and August 18 . The rain gauge was capable of holding 24 inches ( 610 mm ) of the rain and was emptied on August 15 . However , less than 24 hours later , the same rain gauge was overflowing . Heavy precipitation was also recorded on other locations on that island , including 13 inches ( 330 mm ) on Mount Waialeale . Few reports exist on rainfall totals on other Hawaiian Islands , with the only other island recording rainfall was Maui , with precipitation reaching 11 . 9 inches ( 300 mm ) on August 15 . This was the highest 24 hour record for that island in the month of August . On Kauai , the Waimea River experienced one of the worst flood in its history , causing more than 200 residents in Waimea Valley to evacuate . The river also rose near the mouth of its tributary , the unk River , flooding the town of Waimea , causing about 200 , 000 in damage . The streets on the island and hundreds of acres of sugar cane were flooded . Additionally , severe damage was reported at the Kekaha Powerhouse .
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3,780 | The 1984 Intercontinental Cup was an association football match between Liverpool F.C. of England and Club Atltico Independiente of Argentina on 9 December 1984 at the National Stadium in Tokyo , Japan , the annual Intercontinental Cup contested between the winners of the Copa Libertadores and European Cup . Independiente were appearing in their sixth Intercontinental Cup , they had won the competition once in 1973 and lost the other four . Liverpool were making their second appearance in the competition , after their loss in 1981 . The teams had qualified for the competition by winning their continent 's primary cup competition . Independiente qualified by winning the primary South American cup competition , the Copa Libertadores . They won the 1984 Copa Libertadores defeating Brazilian team Grmio 3 1 on points in the finals . Liverpool qualified by winning the primary European cup competition , the European Cup . They beat Italian team A.S. Roma 4 2 in a penalty shoot out after the match finished 1 1 . Watched by a crowd of 62 , 000 , Independiente took the lead in the sixth minute when Jos Percudani scored . Liverpool had the better of the possession during the match , but they were unable to convert their chances ad the match finished in a 1 0 victory to Independiente . The win was the Argentine club 's second triumph in the competition and the fifth in a row by the South American team . Match Background Independiente qualified for the Intercontinental Cup as the reigning Copa Libertadores winners . They had won the 1984 Copa Libertadores beating Grmio 3 1 on points over two legs in the finals . It would be Independiente 's sixth appearance in the competition . Their previous five appearances had resulted in one win in 1973 and four defeats in 1964 , 1965 , 1972 and 1974 . Liverpool had qualified for the Intercontinental Cup as a result of winning the 1983 84 European Cup . They had beaten Roma 4 2 in a penalty shoot out after the match finished 1 1 to win their fourth European Cup . Liverpool were appearing in their second Intercontinental Cup . Their appearance in 1981 resulted in a 3 0 defeat against Flamengo . Liverpool were scheduled to appear in 1977 and 1978 but did not compete . They declined to play in 1977 and were replaced by runners up Borussia Mnchengladbach , while in 1978 , Liverpool and Boca Juniors declined to play each other . Liverpool 's last match before the Intercontinental cup was against Coventry City in the 1984 85 Football League . They won 3 1 courtesy of two goals from John Wark and one from Ian Rush . The last match Independiente played before the Intercontinental Cup was against Rosario Central in the 1984 Argentine Primera Divisin , which they lost 1 0 . Summary Before the match , Liverpool lost defender Mark Lawrenson who had injured his hamstring in training . Gary Gillespie was his replacement . Liverpool kicked off the match and the first few exchanges saw a number of rash tackles . Independiente defender Carlos Enrique tackled Craig Johnston robustly , but the referee indicated to play on . Moments later Liverpool midfielder Jan Mlby tackled Enrique late , which prompted the referee to award a free kick . Liverpool controlled the opening exchanges of the match , but could not work the ball into the Independiente penalty area . However , it was Independiente who opened the scoring , Claudio Marangoni sent a ball over the Liverpool defence for striker Jos Percudani , whose low shot beat the advancing Liverpool goalkeeper Bruce Grobbelaar to give Independiente a 1 0 lead . Following the goal , Independiente under instruction rom their manager Jos Pastoriza , began to sit back in their own half inviting Liverpool to attack them . Their plan worked as Liverpool were unable to break down their defence , while their strikers Percudani and Alejandro unk counter attacked when Independiente received the ball . The second half saw Liverpool continue to attack the Independiente goal , but to no avail . Midfielders John Wark and Mlby tried to find a way through the Independiente defence was equal to their efforts . Wark 's efforts trying to engineer an equalising goal resulted in him being substituted for Ronnie Whelan in the 76th minute , due to fatigue . Despite being the better team for the majority of the match , Liverpool were unable to beat the Independiente defence , with their shooting in front of goal being the culprit . Both sides questioned some of the referee 's decisions . Liverpool believed they should have had two penalties , while Independiente felt that the assistant referee 's decisions were questionable . Incidentally , the referee had served half of his two match ban handed out by the Brazilian Football Association . Details Post match Despite the defeat , Liverpool manager Joe Fagan could not fault the effort his players had put in Independiente are a good defensive tactical team and we could find no way through , the weather was ideal , we were just as fit as they were . The South Americans have better ball control than we do . We were disappointed with the result but I wasn 't disappointed with the display . Liverpool finished the 1984 85 Football League in second place 13 points behind local rivals Everton . They also reached the final of the 1984 85 European Cup , which they lost 1 0 to Juventus . However the events of the match were overshadowed for the disaster that occurred before kick off . Liverpool fans breached a fence separating the two groups of supporters and charged the Juventus fans . The resulting weight of people caused a retaining wall to collapse , killing 39 people and injuring hundreds . English clubs were banned indefinitely from European competition , with a condition that when the ban was lifted , Liverpool would serve an extra three year ban . The ban eventually lasted for five years , clubs returning to European competition in the 1990 91 season . Independiente would finish their season in the Primera Division in 14th place . Despite this , they competed in the 1985 Copa Libertadores as the reigning champions . However , they were unable to retain their title as they exited in the semi finals .
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3,781 | Cyclone Bella was a destructive tropical cyclone that passed near the Mauritius outer island of Rodrigues . The second named storm of the season , Bella originated in the middle of January 1991 from a surge in the monsoon trough to the southwest of Sumatra . For several days , the system remained weak as it moved generally west southwestward . On January 25 , it intensified to tropical storm status , but Bella took three more days to intensify to tropical cyclone status , with 10 minute maximum sustained winds of 120 kilometres per hour ( 75 miles per hour ) . The cyclone attained peak intensity on January 29 , officially reaching winds of 155 km h ( 100 mph ) . The Joint Typhoon Warning Center unofficially estimated winds of 240 km h ( 150 mph ) , the highest the agency estimated for any storm in the Southern Hemisphere in the year . Bella later turned to the southeast and weakened , passing about 50 km ( 30 mi ) west of Rodrigues on January 31 . The storm turned to the south southwest and back to the southeast again , becoming extratropical on February 4 . While passing near Rodrigues , Bella produced strong winds and high tides , the latter of which caused flooding in the capital Port Mathurin . The storm was considered the worst on the island in 20 years . About 1 , 500 homes were damaged or destroyed , leaving 1 , 000 people homeless . Bella also severely damaged crops , roads , and the power grid on Rodrigues . The storm killed about half of the Rodrigues flying fox , a critically endangered species . Elsewhere , Bella was believed to have sunk a Madagascar cargo ship , with its 36 people on board . Meteorological history Similar to Cyclone Alison that had formed in early January 1991 , a surge in the monsoon trough spawned what would become Tropical Cyclone Bella , associated with the intertropical convergence zone . On January 13 , the Joint Typhoon Warning Center ( JTWC ) began monitoring a system about 660 km ( 410 mi ) southwest of Padang , Sumatra in the Australian basin . Moving to the west southwest , the system crossed into the south west Indian Ocean on January 17 , and the next day was tracked by the Mto France office in Runion ( MFR ) . On January 20 , the disturbance turned sharply to the south southeast , although its westward motion resumed late the following day , influenced by a ridge to the south . On January 22 , the disturbance intensified into a tropical depression . The JTWC upgraded the storm to tropical storm status on January 23 , three days after classifying it as Tropical Cyclone 08S . On January 25 , the MFR upgraded the depression to Tropical Storm Bella , a week after beginning to issue advisories . Around that time , the storm became visible on MFR satellite imagery . Following a lengthy period of minimal development , Bella subsequently intensified at a more regular rate as it slowed its forward motion . On January 26 , it turned more to the southwest , but the westward track resumed on the next day . Aided by warm sea surface temperatures of 28 C ( 82 F ) , Bella began to intensify quickly . On January 28 , both the JTWC and the MFR upgraded the storm to the equivalent of a minimal hurricane , estimating winds of 120 km h ( 75 mph ) this made Bella a tropical cyclone , the first of the season . Around this time , the storm developed a well defined eye 60 km ( 35 mi ) in diameter . After becoming a tropical cyclone , Bella continued to intensify , reaching peak winds on January 29 . The MFR estimated 10 minute winds of 155 km h ( 100 mph ) , and assessed a barometric pressure of 936 mbar ( 27 . 6 inHg ) at that time . Meanwhile , the JTWC estimated 1 minute peak winds of 240 km h ( 150 mph ) this strength , equivalent to a super typhoon , was the highest the JTWC estimated for any Southern Hemisphere storm during the tropical cyclone year . On January 30 , Bella turned to the southeast and began weakening , affected by wind shear in the region . The cyclone passed about 50 km ( 30 mi ) west of Rodrigues at 03 00 UTC on January 31 , with 10 minute winds of 135 km h ( 85 mph ) . Shortly thereafter , the cyclone deteriorated into a tropical storm . The southeast trajectory was short lived , as Bella turned more to the south southwest on February 1 . After a final turn to the southeast , Bella became an extratropical cyclone on February 4 . Impact and aftermath Before Bella affected land , a class one warning , the lowest of four , was issued for Runion , while a class four warning was issued for Rodrigues . While moving near Rodrigues , Bella produced wind gusts of 210 km h ( 130 mph ) , along with high tides that flooded the northern coastline , including the capital Port Mathurin . The storm damaged 1 , 200 homes and destroyed 300 others , leaving about 1 , 000 people homeless . About 30 schools were wrecked . The storm damaged about 75 of the electrical network was damaged , which also disrupted water supply on the island , and about 30 of roads were damaged . Over 90 of the unk the island were destroyed , with many livestock killed . Cyclone Bella killed about half of the Rodrigues flying fox , a critically endangered species , decreasing the numbers from around 800 to around 400 . The species had regrown from a minimum of around 70 in 1971 , and the trend toward regrowth continued after the storm , reaching about 3 , 500 in 2002 . The storm also affected the Rodrigues warbler . The storm also injured nine people , and overall , Bella was considered the worst storm on the island in 20 years . A 16 , 570 ton cargo ship traveling from Madagascar to Runion was lost on January 30 about 700 km ( 430 mi ) to the south of the center of Bella . The ship likely sank due to the cyclone , with 36 people on board . In the aftermath of the storm , seven people contracted Typhoid fever on Rodrigues in relation to the storm . After Bella passed , the government of Mauritius noted the need for 4 , 500 m ( 15 , 000 ft ) of galvanized pipes to assist in rebuilding , as well as generators . The United States Agency for International Development donated 25 , 000 ( 1991 USD ) to Mauritius to help in the aftermath . France , the United Kingdom , and India also donated to the country .
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3,782 | New York State Route 373 ( NY 373 ) is a short state highway in Essex County , New York , within Adirondack State Park . It begins at U.S. Route 9 ( US 9 ) and proceeds eastward , ending at a ferry landing on Lake Champlain . It intersects two county routes , several local roads , and a reference route NY unk which connects it with US 9 . NY 373 is the only connector between US 9 and the hamlet of Port Kent and the ferry that serves it . The hamlet of Port Kent and the connecting road were originally built in 1823 . The village was planned to act as a source of labor for iron manufacturing and to provide for the industrial needs of Essex County . The hamlet grew and eventually became connected to Burlington , Vermont , via an hour long ferry across Lake Champlain . The road that accessed Port Kent originally began in Keeseville , but became part of the longer Port Kent and Hopkinton Turnpike in the 1830s . The highway that is now NY 373 was also designated as part of the Theodore Roosevelt International Highway in 1919 . When NY 373 was assigned in 1930 , a small portion of it was maintained by the town of Chesterfield . This section was turned over to the State of New York during a maintenance swap with Essex County in 1985 . Route description NY 373 , located entirely within Adirondack State Park , begins at US 9 at the Ausable Chasm , a deep , wooded canyon in the town of Chesterfield . The route intersects with NY unk , its southern connector to US 9 , about 0 . 1 miles ( 160 m ) in . NY 373 continues farther along and intersects with County Route 71 ( CR 71 ) before heading east southeast just north of the Ausable River . The highway then intersects CR 17 and several local roads , and then turns east northeast . The route then passes south of a golf course and enters Port Kent , where it intersects with more local streets , most of which serve homes and businesses . The highway turns northward soon afterward , crosses a pair of train tracks maintained by Canadian Pacific Railway and the Port Kent Amtrak station , makes a U turn and comes to an end at the Burlington Port Kent Ferry landing . The Burlington Port Kent Ferry connects NY 373 and the hamlet of Port Kent to the city of Burlington , Vermont . This , one of three ferries to cross Lake Champlain , is the longest as it crosses the widest part of the lake . It is maintained by the Lake Champlain Transportation Company , and is open all seasons except winter . History Port Kent and the early highway to Keeseville In 1823 , a company was funded to establish a settlement and fishing wharf opposite the city of Burlington , Vermont on Lake Champlain in order to assist in the growth of iron factories and to supply dormant energy to the Essex County area . The newly founded company chose the name Port Kent and located the new hamlet on a site north of unk Point . The original alignment of what is now NY 373 began as a wide road that was built to access Port Kent from the nearby village of Keeseville . NY 373 exists entirely within the boundaries of Adirondack Park , a protected area maintained by the State of New York . Adirondack Park was created in the 1880s after concerns arose about logging trees in the area . The logging was a substantial part of New York 's economy , but protests were lodged by The New York Times and others against the clearing of entire mountains and wilderness areas of trees . Public opinion turned firmly against the loggers by the 1880s , and the park was created in 1885 . It was the first State Forest Preserve in America . The park was further protected in 1894 when a clause was added to the New York State constitution which banned the selling of timber from state parks . Old roads and designation On April 16 , 1827 , a team of three surveyors were commissioned to determine a routing for a new highway leading from Hopkinton , a town in northeastern St. Lawrence County , to Lake Champlain . The task took 26 days , after which it was determined that the highway would meet Lake Champlain at Fort Kent . An act authorizing the construction of the highway was passed by the New York State Legislature on April 18 , 1829 . A total of approximately 38 , 500 ( equivalent to 855 , 542 in 2016 ) was devoted to the project by the state of New York through the same act . The 75 mile ( 121 km ) highway opened in 1833 as a toll road named the Port Kent and Hopkinton Turnpike . The turnpike had only one toll gate , located near the center of the route . Two years later , the turnpike commissioners petitioned to the state of New York , asking for permission to replace the single gate with two gates at opposite ends of the turnpike that would collect half of the toll amount . The commissioners believed that the change in the toll gate locations would result in higher revenue , allowing them to continue maintaining the highway . The change was approved however , the toll road was dissolved anyway three years later on March 30 , 1838 . At that time , maintenance of the Port Kent Hopkinton highway was transferred to the towns it ran through . The Theodore Roosevelt International Highway , a transcontinental auto trail extending from Portland , Oregon , to Portland , Maine , was established in 1919 . In eastern New York , the highway went through Keeseville , Ausable Chasm , and Fort Kent along what used to be the Port Kent and Hopkinton Turnpike before entering Vermont by way of the Burlington Port Kent Ferry across Lake Champlain . The state of New York assumed maintenance of most of the Ausable Chasm Port Kent roadway at some point after 1920 . In the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York , the entirety of the highway from Ausable Chasm to the Port Kent ferry landing was designated as NY 373 , despite the fact that the small portion of the route east of Lake Street in Port Kent was not maintained by the state at the time . On April 1 , 1985 , ownership and maintenance of NY 373 east of Lake Street was transferred from the town of Chesterfield to the state of New York as part of a highway maintenance swap between the state and Essex County . Major intersections The entire route is in Chesterfield , Essex County .
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3,783 | Tropical Storm Becky was the second tropical cyclone and named storm of the 1970 Atlantic hurricane season . Becky formed from a tropical depression that was designated on July 19 . The next day it organized over the Yucatan Channel and became Tropical Storm Becky . Initially thought to have attained minimal hurricane status , Becky reached peak winds of 65 mph ( 100 km h ) , but the storm began to deteriorate shortly thereafter . The storm made landfall on the Florida Panhandle on July 22 , and rapidly weakened over land . Overall , damage was related to heavy rainfall that caused flooding in Tallahassee , Florida 104 families suffered flood related losses . About 500 , 000 ( 1970 USD ) in damage was attributed to the storm . Further north , the heavy rainfall swelled rivers . Becky may have been partially responsible for spawning tornadoes that destroyed or damaged several houses . Meteorological history On July 16 , 1970 , a large disturbance separated from the Intertropical Convergence Zone near Panama . The broad area of convection dominated the region between Swan Island and western Cuba by July 18 . Some sources state that the area of convection was joined by a low level vortex that entered the area , eventually forming a depression . Others believe that the origins of Becky can be tracked back to a tropical wave that moved off the coast of Africa on July 9 . A tropical depression formed on July 19 , 1970 . As the depression moved through the Yucatan Channel , the convective cloud system became better organized . On July 20 , in light of data from a Reconnaissance Aircraft flight , the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Becky . The storm moved roughly northward under the influence of the Bermuda High to the east and a low pressure area over Mexico . Reports from a Reconnaissance flight indicated that Becky was disorganized , with a minimum barometric pressure of 1 , 008 mbar ( 29 . 8 inHg ) . Although a fairly strong low level circulation developed , there was insufficient warming of the center to produce a significant drop in barometric pressure at the surface . Late on July 20 , a ship reported a minimum pressure of about 1 , 003 mbar ( 29 . 6 inHg ) , and another ship reported sustained winds of 65 mph ( 100 km h ) , which would be Becky 's peak intensity . A Reconnaissance flight and weather radars suggested the development of an eye feature , and initially it was believed that the storm attained minimal hurricane status . Later it was later confirmed that Becky remained a tropical storm , and the previously forming eye failed to persist . On July 21 , the storm deteriorated in organization as it continued northward . The lack of banding features indicated that by early on July 22 , Becky was barely a tropical storm . The storm made landfall near Port St. Joe , Florida shortly thereafter , and weakened rapidly as it moved inland as a rainstorm , it progressed northward into the Midwestern United States and completely dissipated over Michigan . Preparations Offshore , Shell Oil removed some workers and equipment from offshore platforms . A hurricane warning was issued from Fort Walton , Florida to Port St. Joe , Florida . Similarly , a gale warning was posted for coastal areas of Alabama and Florida . A hurricane watch was issued for locations in Mississippi and Louisiana . On July 22 , a tornado watch was posted for northern Florida . Tornado warnings were also issued , and a flash flood watch was declared for parts of western North Carolina . Gale warnings were posted from Panama City , Florida to St. Marks , Florida , with the expectation of winds to 50 mph ( 80 km h ) . Heavy rainfall of up to 8 inches ( 200 mm ) was predicted , and tides of 2 to 4 feet ( 0 . 61 to 1 . 22 m ) forecast . Isolated tornadoes were possible as the storm made landfall . Thousands of residents were evacuated from the Panhandle of Florida , including Santa Rosa Island and Destin , as well as other low lying locations . Some residents evacuated to storm shelters that were set up in various cities along the coast . A store in Destin reported increased sales in hurricane related supplies such as canned goods and flashlights . Florida Governor Claude Kirk ordered health units and law enforcement to operate on emergency alert . Small craft in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico were advised to remain in port until the high seas subsided . Impact Upon making landfall , a barometric pressure of 1007 mb accompanied the storm . Along the coast of the Panhandle , gale force winds and tides of 3 feet ( 0 . 91 m ) above normal were reported . Tallahassee , Florida received 8 inches ( 0 . 20 m ) of rainfall due to the heavy precipitation , serious flooding occurred . At Anna Marie Island in Florida , heavy rainfall and squalls accompanied by winds of 56 miles per hour ( 90 km h ) were reported . In South Carolina , heavy precipitation led to rivers approaching flood stage . Locally heavy rainfall caused rivers to rise in North Carolina , though they remained below flood stage . Along the Cape Fear River , a boat ramp was washed out . Farther towards the north in Georgia and Alabama , the rainfall helped to relieve persistent drought conditions . According to the Red Cross , 104 families in the Tallahassee region suffered flood related losses , and two injuries were reported . There , winds gusted to 44 miles per hour ( 71 km h ) . Flood waters were knee deep around a county courthouse at Crawfordville , Florida . In low lying areas , flooding damaged homes , and to the southwest of Tallahassee , 4 feet ( 1 . 2 m ) of water forced the evacuation of 15 homes by rowboat . Over 100 cars were stranded in the flooding . As precautionary measures , a few secondary roads were closed in the region . Damage from Becky in the state totaled 500 , 000 ( 1970 USD ) , mostly in Leon and Wakulla counties . Two injuries were reported . Several tornadoes were reported . Near Panacea , Florida , a tornado destroyed a house and damaged two others . Another tornado in Emanuel County , Georgia killed one person and demolished two homes . However , due to the conditions that spawned the tornadoes , they are not directly attributed to Becky .
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3,784 | Blood Money is a side scrolling shooter video game developed by DMA Design . It was published by Psygnosis in 1989 for the Amiga , Atari ST and DOS , and in 1990 for the Commodore 64 . The game is set in four different locations on a planet , where players are tasked with attacking the enemies and defeating the bosses . The game began development immediately after Menace , and borrowed similar gameplay elements . The development team used advanced hardware to develop Blood Money , utilising improved graphical and technological processes . The game was inspired by the presentation of Mr. Heli , and the animations of Blood Money would later inspire the development of Lemmings . The game was released to positive reviews praise was given to the game 's graphics and gameplay . The game was also commercially successful , selling over 40 , 000 copies . Gameplay Blood Money is a horizontal side scrolling shooter that uses 2D computer graphics . Players move through four stages on the planet , taking control of a different vehicle in each level a helicopter in the metal world , a submarine in a water world , a spacesuit in an ice world , and a fighter jet in a fire world . Each vehicle features unique weaponry , which players use to attack all advancing enemies . Players can upgrade their vehicle with power ups , which grant them additional weapons and upgrades , such as support missiles and neutron bombs . The vehicles ' energy acts as players ' health , and is depleted when the vehicle makes contact with enemies and walls . When all energy is lost , players lose a life three lives are provided at the beginning of the game , and additional lives can be collected as players progress through the levels . When all three lives are lost , the game ends and players are sent to the title screen . The first two levels may be selected from the beginning of the game after one level is complete , players can select any remaining world without restrictions . At the end of each level , players must defeat a boss . Development Following the successful release of Menace in 1988 , David Jones began developing Blood Money on 4 January 1989 , on the unk 386 DX computer that publisher Psygnosis granted him , alongside a Personal Development System . Jones saw Blood Money as a further development of the concept used in Menace . Jones was heavily inspired by the cuteness of Mr. Heli ( 1987 ) during the development of Blood Money . The game 's cover art was designed by British artist Peter Andrew Jones for the novel Protector ( 1973 ) by Larry Niven , and was adapted for the game 's cover . With Blood Money , Jones was determined to utilise the full colour range of the Amiga , opting to use the blitter as opposed to the hardware scrolling the blitter allowed graphics to be drawn quickly . Tony Smith , who had worked on Menace , produced the graphics for Blood Money , while Jones began work on a new scrolling system . While developing his own game , Talisman , Mike Dailly created a compact method to move enemies on screen , which Jones incorporated into Blood Money . The game 's animations fascinated Jones ' friend Gary Timmons , who then began experimenting with Deluxe Paint his work on the program led to his employment at DMA Design , and inspired some of the animations used in DMA 's next game , Walker ( 1993 ) . The game 's introduction required a star field , which Jones took from a quick demonstration that Dailly had been working on . The game was ported to the PC by Tim Ansell of Creative Assembly , and to Atari ST by Jones ' friend Wayne Smithson , while Dailly began porting the game to the Commodore 64 following the Personal Computer World Show in September 1989 . Dailly used the code from the Talisman demo , and wrote a new sprite system . He also re worked the multi directional scrolling , and wrote his own tape loading routines , wanting one that allowed players to play a simple game while Blood Money loaded . Smith designed the graphics for the port , and became confused by the limitations of the hardware he had to draw double pixels in Deluxe Paint , and was limited to sixteen colours . Dailly finished developing the Commodore 64 version of Blood Money on 12 March 1990 . Reception Blood Money received mostly positive reviews from critics upon release , particularly for its gameplay , graphical design , and sound . Gary Barrett of ST Amiga Format wrote that the game is the best shoot ' em up game on the Amiga . Zzap 64 listed Blood Money as the best Amiga game of the 1980s , and ST Format named it the second best shoot ' em up game of 1990 . The game sold 40 , 000 copies , which is double the sales of Menace . Stuart Wynne of Zzap 64 found the game superb to play , while Robin Hogg of the same publication wrote that it measures up to the game 's brilliant graphics . The One found the game to be among the most challenging and technically accomplished shoot ' em ups , while ACE called it compelling . Conversely , Mike Pattenden of CU Amiga criticised the difficulty , noting its lack of rewards . Critics praised the game 's graphical qualities . Paul Glancey of Computer and Video Games lauded the game 's opening sequence , and called the sprites among the best designed and most fluidly animated in an Amiga game . The Games Machine found the graphics utterly impressive , and Barrett of ST Amiga Format wrote that the game is in a class of its own , praising the sprite animations . Zzap 64 's Hogg commended the animation and backgrounds . Conversely , CU Amiga 's Pattenden felt that the graphics lack depth . The game 's use of sound received positive reactions . Phil King of Zzap 64 was impressed by the soundtrack , particularly praising the introductory music . The Games Machine echoed similar remarks , writing that the game features excellent sound , and Glancey of Computer and Video Games wrote that the sound chip was put ... to unk ' good use . Barrett of ST Amiga Format preferred the sound effects over the music , though felt that they were inferior to those in Menace . Pattenden of CU Amiga felt that the sound is a poor tune and some average effects , while ACE called it a little weedy .
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3,785 | The 1909 Greater Antilles hurricane was a rare , late season tropical cyclone that caused extensive damage and loss of life in Jamaica and Haiti . Forming out of a large disturbance in early November , the hurricane began as a minimal tropical storm over the southwestern Caribbean Sea on November 8 . Slowly tracking northwestward , the system gradually intensified . Late on November 11 , the storm brushed the eastern tip of Jamaica before attaining hurricane status . The following afternoon , the storm made landfall in northwest Haiti with winds of 85 mph ( 140 km h ) . After moving over the Atlantic Ocean , the hurricane further intensified and attained its peak winds of 105 mph ( 165 km h ) on November 13 . The system rapidly transitioned into an extratropical cyclone the following day before being absorbed by a frontal system northeast of the Lesser Antilles . Including rainfall from the precursor to the hurricane , rainfall in Jamaica peaked at 114 . 50 in ( 2 , 908 mm ) Silver Hill Plantation . These extreme rains led to widespread flooding that killed 30 people and left 7 million in damage throughout the country . The worst damage in Haiti was caused rains exceeding 24 in ( 610 mm ) that led to catastrophic flooding . At least 166 people are known to have been killed in the country however , reports indicate that hundreds likely died during the storm . Meteorological history The origins of the 1909 Greater Antilles hurricane are unclear , but are believed to have begun with a large , slow moving storm system near Jamaica in early November . By November 8 , it was classified as a tropical storm and was situated over the southwestern Caribbean Sea , north of Panama . A ship in the vicinity of the system recorded an atmospheric pressure of 1004 mbar ( hPa 29 . 68 inHg ) . Slowly moving northeastward , an unusual direction for a Caribbean cyclone , the storm gradually intensified . The forward motion of the system steadily increased on November 10 as it headed towards Jamaica . Late on November 11 , the system brushed the eastern tip of Jamaica as a strong tropical storm , with maximum winds estimated at 70 mph ( 120 km h ) . Several hours later , the storm intensified into what would now be classified a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir Simpson Hurricane Scale . During the afternoon of November 12 , the hurricane made landfall in northern Haiti , in the Nord Ouest Department , with winds of 85 mph ( 140 km h ) . After briefly moving over land , the storm entered the Atlantic Ocean and turned east northeast and further accelerated . Early on November 13 , the hurricane further intensified to the equivalent of a Category 2 system and attained peak winds of 105 mph ( 165 km h ) . No barometric pressure was recorded at the time of peak intensity since it occurred over water and away from any ships . In an initial analysis of the storm made by meteorologist Jos Fernndez Partags in 1999 , he wrote that at the storm 's peak , it was a strong tropical storm , not a hurricane . In a report , it was stated that It was a difficult case for the author Partags to decide whether or not to upgrade to a hurricane . It was not until the Atlantic hurricane database re analysis reached 1909 in February 2004 that the storm was designated as a hurricane . By November 14 , the storm began to weaken as it turned nearly due east . Later that day , it quickly transitioned into an extratropical cyclone before being absorbed by a frontal system northeast of the Lesser Antilles . Impact Prior to becoming a tropical storm , the precursor low had been producing heavy rainfall across Jamaica since November 5 . Further rains fell as the system intensified and neared the country . Between November 5 and 11 , the system produced 30 . 45 in ( 773 mm ) of rain in Kingston . More extreme rains fell upon the Silver Hill Plantation , where 114 . 50 inches ( 2 , 908 mm ) of rain accumulated in the five day period of November 5 9 , with eight day totals from November 4 11 reaching 135 . 00 inches ( 3 , 429 mm ) . This rainfall triggered severe flooding . Roughly 500 , 000 banana plants were lost as a result of the floods , about 20 of the entire country 's yield . Around Kingston , the waterworks was destroyed and several tunnels and railways were blocked by landslides . Many bridges and roads were also damaged or destroyed . This led to many towns being isolated and hampered rescue efforts . Flood waters in the town of unk Bay reached 3 ft ( 0 . 91 m ) . Throughout Jamaica , the flooding killed 30 people and damage was estimated at 7 million ( 1909 USD ) . Following the severe flooding , the Jamaican government allocated about 150 , 000 in funds for damage repair . In nearby Haiti , the damage from the hurricane was catastrophic as torrential rains , reported to have exceeded 24 in ( 610 mm ) , triggered widespread flooding and landslides throughout the country . Initial reports from Haiti were slow to reach the news media as most roads were flooded or destroyed . Several days after the hurricane 's passage , reports began to indicate that immense damage had taken place due to the storm . The city of Gonaves was completely flooded after a nearby river overflowed its banks . Residents sought safety from the flood waters in the upper floors and roofs of their homes . Sixteen people were killed in the city after a bridge was destroyed by the swollen river . The unk River near Port au Prince also topped its banks , inundating nearby areas . Along the Yaqui River , unprecedented flooding led to the creation of a large lake , estimated to be 30 mi ( 48 km ) long and up to 80 ft ( 24 m ) deep . Many villages were destroyed by the floods , with hundreds of fatalities expected to result from the storm . Monetary losses for Haiti following the disaster are scarce , with the only known damage estimate being 3 million . However , the true damage cost from the hurricane is likely much higher . At least 166 fatalities are known as a result of the storm in Haiti however , many reports state that several hundred people likely perished during the storm . Most of the fatalities took place in the Nord Ouest Department where 150 victims were identified .
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3,786 | Teigan Van Roosmalen ( born 6 April 1991 ) is an Australian Paralympic S13 swimmer . She is legally blind and deaf . She has a swimming scholarship from the Australian Institute of Sport . Her events are the 100 m breaststroke , 200 m individual medley , 50 m and 100 m freestyle . She competed at the 2011 Para Pan Pacific Championships in Edmonton , where she won a gold medal in the S13 400 freestyle event . She competed at the 2008 Summer and 2012 Summer Paralympics . Personal Van Roosmalen was born in Bateau Bay , New South Wales on 6 April 1991 . She is legally blind and deaf , with cysts pushing on her optic nerve causing blackouts in one eye . This is a result of Usher syndrome and retinitis pigmentosa . She has a brother involved with the surfing community , and has competed at the Australian Surf Titles . In 2009 , she was working towards earning her Higher School Certificate . She is a professional swimmer . As of January 2012 , she is attending the Canberra Institute of Technology , where she is studying massage therapy . Van Roosmalen was photographed by Central Coast Express Advocate photographer Troy Snook , whose picture of her finished second in the Northern region in the 2010 Community Newspaper Association Awards . A photograph of her has graced the front of the 2006 Central Coast telephone book . Swimming Van Roosmalen is an S13 and S15 swimmer , with a swimming scholarship from the Australian Institute of Sport . Her events are the 100 m breaststroke , 200 m individual medley , 50 m and 100 m freestyle . She has trained with Ellie Cole . As of January 2012 , She is ranked No.2 in the world in the 100 m breaststroke , fourth in the 200 m IM , fifth in the 100 m freestyle and sixth in the 50 m freestyle . In 2010 , she was ranked first in the world in the 100 m breaststroke . Her Australian Institute of Sport coach is Graeme Carroll . At the Australian Institute of Sport , she changed her training and went from focusing on the butterfly to the medley and breaststroke events . Her home pool is unk Aquatic . When she trains there , she is coached by Kim Taylor . She also competes in able bodied swimming events . Van Roosmalen started swimming in 1997 and first represented Australia at the 2005 unk in Melbourne . In 2007 , she set an Australian age record and won a gold medal at the Arafura Games in the 100 m butterfly event . In 2007 , she also competed at the Australian Short Course Championships . In 2008 , she competed at the IPC Swimming World Cup and took home a set of bronze medals . In 2009 , she competed at the New South Wales Country swimming championships where she came away with four gold medals . That year , she also competed at the Paralympic World Cup in Manchester , England . She finished eleventh in the Women s MD 100 Freestyle event with a personal time of 1 06 . 97 , less than a second behind Ellie Cole . She finished ninth in the Women s MD 100 Breaststroke event with a personal best time of 1 29 . 76 . She finished third in the Women s S13 100 Butterfly event with a personal best time of 1 08 . 24 . At the 2008 Beijing Games , she competed in six events and did not win a medal . In 2010 , Van Roosmalen competed at the Australian short course championships , which were held in Brisbane , Queensland . She won three medals at the competition , but also re injured her shoulder . She also competed at the 2010 IPC Swimming World Championships held in Eindhoven , the Netherlands in the S11 13 events , but did not win any medals , the only Australian at the competition to do so . She had a time of 4 59 . 67 in the women 's 400 m freestyle S13 event , where she finished fourth . In the 50m freestyle S13 event , she finished fifth , setting a personal best with a time of 29 . 97 . A shoulder injury almost prevented her from competing in the competition , with a question regarding her participation because of the necessity of a medical clearance until such a time that she boarded the plane to depart Australia . She competed at the 2011 Para Pan Pacific Championships in Edmonton , Alberta , where she finished first in the S13 400 freestyle event , her first medal finish at a major international competition . In January 2012 , she competed at the Australian Deaf Games in Geelong , Victoria . She finished first in the 100m Butterfly Women 's Open event with a games record time of 1 . 09 . 68 . She finished first in the 50m Breaststroke Women 's Open event with a time of 39 . 82 . She finished third in the 100m Backstroke Women 's Open event with a time of 1 . 17 . 28 . She was credited with having the Outstanding Swim of the Meet by the Games 's organisers . Van Roosmalen competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in six different swimming events , qualifying for the finals in four events . In the process , she set several personal best times . At the games , she participated in a re run of the 400m S13 freestyle final because of an equipment malfunction . She competed at the Australian championships on 15 March 2012 in order to qualify for the games . She was successful , and swam in four events , finishing sixth in the 50m freestyle S13 , seventh in the 100m freestyle S13 and the 100m breaststroke SB13 , and sixth in the 200m metre individual medley SM13 . Competing at the 2013 IPC Swimming World Championships in Montreal , Canada , Van Roosmalen won four bronze medals in the Women 's 200 m Individual Medley SM13 , Women 's 100m Butterfly S13 , Women 's 100m Breaststroke SB13 and Women 's 100m Backstroke S13 . At the 2015 IPC Swimming World Championships , Glasgow , Scotland , she finished fifth in the Women 's 100m Backstroke S13 , sixth in the Women 's 100m Breaststroke SB13 and seventh in the Women 's 50m Freestyle S13 and Women 's 200m Individual Medley SM13 . Personal best times The following are van Roosmalen 's personal best times as of 16 September 2012 Recognition In 2008 , Van Roosmalen was named the Central Coast Young Achiever winner . In February 2009 , she was named the Express Advocate Young Achiever . A picture of her appears in the Powerhouse Museum s Wall of Fame . In 2011 , she received a Sport Achievement Award from the Australian Institute of Sport .
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3,787 | Dan Deacon U.S.A. ( also known as the Dan Deacon Special ) is the first television special of the American anthology series Off the Air . The special was edited and directed by creator and executive producer Dave Hughes . The episode incorporates surreal footage of landscapes in the United States , with music by Dan Deacon from the album America . The special was commissioned by Williams Street Records as part of the Adult Swim 2013 Singles Program . The episode coincided with the release of another track by Deacon entitled Why Am I on This Cloud , featuring samples from other Adult Swim programming . Promoted as a one time airing by members of the production staff , the episode premiered on Adult Swim on July 6 , 2013 . The special was viewed by 962 , 000 viewers and received a 0 . 8 rating among adults between the ages of 18 and 49 . The episode received positive critical reception from music journalist websites for its psychedelic visuals and uses of American iconography . Synopsis Similar to other episodes of Off the Air , the episode is presented without explanation or narration as a showcase of surreal animations , viral internet videos , archival footage and morphing psychedelic imagery , arranged around a single loose theme and blended without pause into a single continuous presentation . Excluding its closing credits , the special features the last four tracks from the album America by Dan Deacon ( referred to as the ' U.S.A. ' suite ) . The episode incorporates the following works , which center on landscapes in the United States El hombre y la Tierra excerpt Radical Updates by Andrew Benson Cityscape Chicago by Eric Hines Space Station footage provided by Image Science and Analysis Laboratory at the NASA John Space Center unk by Dutch National Ballet CGI space objects by Adam Bruneau American Harvest provided by Prelinger Archives Head On by Lior Ben Horin unk by Liberty Smith and Sophie Windsor Clive Cy 's Sunrise unk by Cyrus Sutton and unk Moonwalk performance by Dean Potter Primavera Concert Footage by Tom Bingham , Gill Austin , Jonathan Rej , and Jeff Crocker Stone Mountain unk Suits cinematography by Alan Steadman , featuring Cody DeMatteis and Zach White Additional stock footage provided by unk and unk Production The episode was produced by Williams Street Records as part of the Adult Swim 2013 Singles Program . Director and editor Dave Hughes had previously collaborated with Deacon in 2008 for his song Okie Dokie from the album Spiderman of the Rings . The short film Head On by Lior Ben Horin was featured in the a previous episode of the series entitled Color . According to Hughes , the special was commissioned to coincide with the release of Deacon 's track for the compilation album . Deacon 's track was released on William Street Record 's website on June 26 , 2013 entitled Why Am I on This Cloud , the song features samples from other Adult Swim programming . Despite the special 's national focus , the episode culls works from artists worldwide . Hughes , along with associate producer Cody DeMatteis , utilized Adobe After Effects for some aspects of post production editing . The special makes extensive use of compression artifacts for artistic effect , namely unk , where two videos are interleaved so intermediate frames are interpolated from two separate sources . The technique referred to as photo stacking , in which time lapse photographs are composited on top of one another , was also utilized for the NASA John Space Center footage . Broadcast and reception Dan Deacon U.S.A. aired on July 6 , 2013 on Cartoon Network 's late night programming block , Adult Swim . Promoted as a one time airing by members of the production staff , the episode was broadcast as part of DVR Theater at 4 a.m. former episodes of the series aired in the 4 a.m. timeslot preceding the premiere of the special as well . The special was viewed by 962 , 000 viewers and received a 0 . 8 Nielsen rating in the 18 49 demographic . The episode was previously released onto Adult Swim 's website on July 1 , 2013 it was published on Adult Swim 's official YouTube channel on July 3 . Critical reception was positive , especially from music journalist websites , who praised its psychedelic visuals and uses of American iconography . Consequence of Sound 's Michael Roffman compared the scenic visuals to Koyaanisqatsi and 2001 A Space Odyssey . Exclaim magazine 's Alex Hudson called the special accompanied by the soundtrack ambitious and shapeshifting , but described some of the CGI featured as corny . Jamie Milton of This Is Fake DIY described the episode as a bold slice of national pride , beloved to the landscapes that inspired the making of the excitable producer 's latest album . In his review , he compared it to the theory of Broken Britain in the United Kingdom , stating between the special and a 20 minute documentary about ' Broken Britain ' , you know which one you should go for . An article by Fact magazine described the episode as a compilation of eye popping scenes . Nancy Hoang of CMJ praised the episode 's visuals , highlighting the incorporation of the short film unk by Liberty Smith and Sophie Windsor Clive . Chris Martins of Spin magazine enjoyed the colorful and psychedelic visuals . He found the episode appealing to stoner culture , ending his review stating that the special is tailor made for late nights in haze filled dorm rooms . Tom Breihan of Stereogum reviewed the special positively , calling the episode an oddly patriotic work that pulls in all sorts of American iconography . Rachel Haas of Paste magazine praised the special being released close to Independence Day , stating this suite would possibly soundtrack the coolest , weirdest fireworks show ever . unk Galil of the Chicago Reader featured the video for his 12 O 'Clock Track , praising Hughes ' manipulation of Cityscape Chicago by cinematographer Eric Hines . However , given the tracks ' length , he argued the episode would best be enjoyed through a nice pair of speakers at a barbecue instead of spending that time with your eyes affixed to a computer screen . Explanatory notes
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3,788 | Return the Favor is a song by American recording artist and songwriter Keri Hilson . The song features Timbaland , who wrote the song with Hilson and her songwriting production team The Clutch , as well as Walter Milsap . Following the moderate international chart success of Hilson s lead single , Energy , Return the Favor was released from Hilson 's debut album , In a Perfect World ... , serving as the international second single while the urban single , Turnin Me On was released in the US . As Hilson 's second vocal collaboration with mentor Timbaland , Hilson stated the purpose of the song 's initial conception was to re create the success of their worldwide hit , The Way I Are , as Timbaland called the Return the Favor bigger and better . Contemporary critics gave the song mixed reviews , noting the production and vocal similarities to The Way I Are , preferring the latter track . The song reached the top twenty in the United Kingdom , Ireland , and Germany , while appearing in the top thirty of Austria and Sweden , charting in Australia and the tip charts in Belgium . The accompanying music video implements a futuristic concept and features Hilson sporting several extravagant outfits . Background When Hilson talked to Digital Spy about the song , she said that Timbaland called her and said , I 've got a song that I think 's better than ' The Way I Are ' . I think it 's bigger . They took the track and wrote Return the Favor over the beat . According to Hilson , she said that song was partially inspired by that conversational , back and forth thing they did on The Way I Are , stating , We got a great response from that that we wanted to do it again . The initial draft of the hook featured the line If you kiss me then I ll kiss you back , but according to Hilson in an interview with That Grape Juice , it was changed by unknown reason by Timbaland . After it was reported that In a Perfect World ... would be pushed back to October 2008 , Return the Favor surfaced online , and it was rumored to be the follow up to Energy . The sample was later removed by Hilson 's management , before it was announced as the album 's second single . The song was featured on December 15 , 2008 episode of The Hills . Composition and critical reception Return the Favor is described as an electro dance pop record , with a future like sound , including euro style synths . Dan Nishimoto of Prefix Magazine noted that the song includes Timbaland 's signature dizzying 22nd century flair that he 's been employing ever since 2006 . Andy Kellman of Allmusic noted the song as a standout track from In a Perfect World .... According to J.K. Glei of Cincinnati Metromix said the song has cascading synths , and a classic pop structure . However Glei said that Hilson 's vocals feel flat against the driving beat and that Timbaland fully phones it in . While noting the song follows the same blueprint of Nelly Furtado 's Promiscuous , Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine said it was a satisfying pop romp and said even though Hilson lacked Furtado 's distinctiveness , that it shouldn 't have a problem striking a chord at radio . Nick Levine of Digital Spy said , the song was a perfectly decent slice of midtempo Timba pop , but it 's not really in the same league as the brilliant ' The Way I Are ' . MTV Buzzworthy said slightly less out there are the beats which sound an awful lot like Hilson and Timbaland 's first collaboration , The Way I Are and the cameo from Timba himself .. Sophie Bruce of BBC Music thought that the song lacked the a catchy hook such as in The Way I Are . Less than impressed with Timbaland 's rapping and less than sexy vocal appeal , Jon Caramanica of The New York Times said the unfortunate pairing was reprised , and the song encapsulates the record s shortcomings . Chart performance Return the Favor was the most successful in the United Kingdom and Ireland , peaking at nineteen in both countries . In Austria , the song debuted and peaked at twenty five on the Austrian Singles Chart , before falling off after six weeks . On the Swedish Singles Chart , It debuted and peaked at thirty , before falling off after six weeks on the chart . In Belgium , Return the unk appeared on Belgian Tip Charts , peaking at six in Flanders , and seventeen Wallonia . While debuting and peaking at twenty one on the German Singles Chart , it completed nine weeks on the chart before falling off . It made the lower regions of the ARIA Singles Chart appearing at eighty . Music video The music video was directed by Melina , who directed Hilson 's video for Energy . A preview of the video was released on October 14 , 2008 , and the full video premiered on October 23 , 2008 . Featuring a futuristic concept , the video begins with a small clip from Timbaland and Hilson 's The Way I Are , before it cuts to Hilson dancing in a future like room while scenes are shown on a wall behind Timbaland , who is seated in a chair . Hilson is then show in a pink ruffled bra and dress dancing in front of mirrors , and then rises out of a pool in a blue swimsuit while scenes continue to be broadcast behind a seated Timbaland . Intercut with scenes with previous attire , Hilson performs ensemble choreography with dancers while wearing a black bra and pants , whilst the video ends with several different scenes . MTV Buzzworthy commended the video , stating , while her ensemble 's slightly more unk ( we 're looking at YOU , futuristic metallic unk ) Hilson still manages to look beyond gorge . But then again , this chick could look cutting edge in a giant pickle barrel . The review also compared Timbaland 's look a cross between Run D.M.C. and The Matrix . Track listing Personnel Songwriters Timothy Mosley , Keri Hilson , Ezekiel Lewis , unk Muhammed , Patrick Smith , Candice Nelson , Walter Millsap III Production Timbaland Editors Walter Millsap III , Dave ( d lo ) , Marcella Araica Recording Scott Naughton Mixing Demacio Castellon Vocal arrangement The Clutch Additional production , vocal production Walter Millsap III Source Charts Release history
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3,789 | Kepler 7b is one of the first five exoplanets to be confirmed by NASA 's Kepler spacecraft , and was confirmed in the first 33 . 5 days of Kepler 's science operations . It orbits a star slightly hotter and significantly larger than the Sun that is expected to soon reach the end of the main sequence . Kepler 7b is a hot Jupiter that is about half the mass of Jupiter , but is nearly 1 . 5 times its size at the time of its discovery , Kepler 7b was the second most diffuse planet known , surpassed only by WASP 17b . It orbits its host star every five days at a distance of approximately 0 . 06 AU ( 9 , 000 , 000 km 5 , 600 , 000 mi ) . Kepler 7b was announced at a meeting of the American Astronomical Society on January 4 , 2010 . It is the first extrasolar planet to have a crude map of cloud coverage . Characteristics Mass , temperature , and orbit Kepler 7b is a hot Jupiter , a Jupiter like exoplanet orbiting close to its star . Its equilibrium temperature , due to its proximity to its star , is hot and is measured at nearly 1540 K. However , of the first five planets discovered by Kepler , it is the second coolest , being surpassed only by Kepler 6b . This is over twelve times hotter than Jupiter . Kepler 7b has a mass of only 0 . 433 that of Jupiter but due to proximity to its star the planet has expanded to a radius of 1 . 478 that of Jupiter . Because of this its mean density is only 0 . 166 g cm3 , about the same as expanded polystyrene , a substance used to manufacture lightweight , disposable commercial plastic products . Only WASP 17b ( unk unk ) was known to have a lower density at the time of Kepler 7b 's discovery . Such low densities are not predicted by current standard theories of planet formation . Kepler 7b orbits its host star every 4 . unk days at a distance of 0 . unk AU , making it the furthest orbiting planet of the first five discovered by Kepler . Mercury , in contrast , orbits at a distance of 0 . 387 AU every 87 . 97 days . In addition Kepler 7b has an observed orbital inclination of unk , which means that its orbit is almost edge on as seen from Earth . Cloud mapping Astronomers using data from NASA 's Kepler and Spitzer space telescopes have created a cloud map of the planet . It is the first cloud map to be created beyond the Solar System . Kepler 's visible light observations of Kepler 7b 's Moon like phases led to a rough map of the planet that showed a bright spot on its western hemisphere . But these data were not enough on their own to decipher whether the bright spot was coming from clouds or heat . The Spitzer Space Telescope played a crucial role in answering this question . Jonathan Fortney , professor of astronomy and astrophysics at UC Santa Cruz , said These clouds may well be composed of rock and iron , since the planet is over 1 , 000 degrees Fahrenheit ( 500 degrees Celsius ) . Brice Olivier unk of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology noted that the oceans and continents cannot be detected , but a clear reflective signature has been detected which is interpreted as cloud . Thomas Barclay , Kepler scientist at NASA 's Ames Research Center , said Unlike those on Earth , the cloud patterns on this planet do not seem to change much over time it has a remarkably stable climate . Host star Kepler 7 is the largest host star of the first five planets detected by Kepler , and is situated in the Lyra constellation . The star has a radius 184 that of the Sun . Kepler 7 also has 135 the Sun 's mass , and thus is larger and more massive ( though less dense ) than the Sun . It is slightly hotter than the Sun , as Kepler 7 has an effective temperature of unk K. The star is near the end of its life on the main sequence . The star 's metallicity is Fe H 0 . 11 , which means that Kepler 7 has 128 the amount of iron than is detected in the Sun . Discovery In 2009 , NASA 's Kepler spacecraft was completing the last of tests on its photometer , the instrument it uses to detect transit events , in which a planet crosses in front of and dims its host star for a brief and roughly regular period of time . In this last test , Kepler observed 50000 stars in the Kepler Input Catalog , including Kepler 7 the preliminary light curves were sent to the Kepler science team for analysis , who chose obvious planetary companions from the bunch for follow up at observatories . Kepler 7 was not one of these original candidates . After a resting period of 1 . 3 days , Kepler began a nonstop 33 . 5 day period in which it observed 150000 targets uninterrupted until June 15 , 2009 , when the collected data was downloaded and tested for false positives . Kepler 7 's candidate was not found to be one of these false positives , such as an eclipsing binary star that may generate a light curve that mimics that of transiting planetary companions . Kepler 7 was then observed using Doppler spectroscopy using the Fibre fed Echelle Spectrograph at the Canary Islands ' Nordic Optical Telescope for ten nights in October 2009 , taken with respect to the star HD unk to compensate for possible telescope error . unk imaging of the star was taken at WIYN Observatory in Arizona to check for close companions when none were found , the High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer instrument at the W.M. Keck Observatory on Hawaii , the Harlan J. Smith Telescope at the McDonald Observatory in Texas , the PRISM camera at the Lowell Observatory , and the unk Telescope North at the Haleakala Observatory on Maui were also used to analyze Doppler spectroscopy of the planetary candidate . The radial velocity observations confirmed that a planetary body was responsible for the dips observed in Kepler 7 's light curve , thus confirming it as a planet . Kepler 's first discoveries , including the planets Kepler 4b , Kepler 5b , Kepler 6b , Kepler 7b , and Kepler 8b , were first announced on January 4 , 2010 , at the 215th meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Washington , D.C. In May 2011 , the planet was detected by brightness variations of the star cause by reflected starlight from the planet . It was found that Kepler 7b has a relatively high geometric albedo of 0 . 3 .
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3,790 | Scott Mark Doe ( born 6 November 1988 ) is an English semi professional footballer who plays as a defender for National League club Dagenham Redbridge . Doe started his career with Swindon Town as a youth player before joining Conference Premier club Weymouth . In February 2009 , he left Weymouth due to financial problems at the club and registered with Kettering Town to allow him to join Dagenham Redbridge on loan until the end of the 2008 09 season . He was refused permission to join Dagenham on a permanent basis by The Football Association as the move was outside the transfer window . Doe has also represented the England C team , making one appearance against Malta under 21s . Early career Doe was born in Reading , Berkshire . As a youth player , he played as a forward for AFC Newbury and Newbury and District Schools alongside Theo Walcott , before the duo signed for Swindon Town . They played together for four years . He said in one season , that his partnership with Walcott consisted of them scoring about 150 goals . During a tournament in Cardiff , Doe was converted into a centre back . Doe was with Swindon Town from the age of 10 , until he was deemed surplus to requirements by manager Paul Sturrock , and he left in July 2007 . Club career Weymouth Doe joined Conference Premier club Weymouth on 1 July 2007 , along with Swindon Town youth teammate Jon Stewart , where he signed a one year contract . His debut for Weymouth was in the 3 0 home win during a pre season friendly against League Two side Bournemouth on 17 July . He made his competitive debut for his new club on 15 September in the 3 1 away win at Droylsden , replacing unk Platt as a substitute in the 65th minute . Doe 's first start for Weymouth was against Torquay United on 25 September , in their 3 2 away defeat . His first goal for the club was scored on 26 January 2008 , away at Rushden Diamonds , as Weymouth were defeated 3 2 . Paolo unk took a free kick in the 25th minute after Stuart Beavon was fouled just outside the penalty area by Curtis Osano . Doe scored with a header , which took a slight deflection as the ball crossed the goal line . During Weymouth 's 2 1 away defeat on 1 March to Halifax Town , Doe was controversially sent off three minutes into stoppage time . He was sent off for a tackle on Andy Campbell , but manager John Hollins claimed there is no doubt that Scott got the ball . Weymouth finished the season in 18th position , defying relegation , with Doe ending the 2007 08 season having made 33 appearances in the Conference , scoring once . Doe won the Supporters Player of The Year award , describing it as the best thing in the World . He admitted he did not expect to play more than 15 games during the season , saying when I first came to the club I thought I might play 15 games throughout the whole season but I have ended up playing over twice that and it has just been fantastic stated Doe . Along with Anton Robinson , Marcus Browning and Stuart Beavon , Doe signed a new contract with Weymouth in May 2008 . His only goal for Weymouth in the 2008 09 season was against Forest Green Rovers on 25 August , after scoring the equalizer to make the score 1 1 in the 71st minute , with a tap in following a cross from Ryan Williams . In September , Doe was transfer listed , alongside James Coutts , Danny Knowles , Josh Webb and Michael Malcolm to generate money and bring new players to the club . He responded to being transfer listed by saying I do not see it as a big deal . It 's not like the club has said to me we are putting you on the transfer list because we do not want you anymore , and suggested it could benefit both parties if a bigger club were willing to pay a bit of money . On 4 October , Doe was sent off in Weymouth 's 3 2 home win over Eastbourne Borough , after he committed a foul on Andy Atkin in the penalty area , which resulted in a penalty kick that was later saved . Southern League Premier Division club Farnborough approached Doe on 30 December . He turned the offer down saying moving to Farnborough would mean stepping down two levels which is not what I want to do . His last game for Weymouth was against Stevenage Borough on 14 February , in the 3 0 home defeat . Dagenham Redbridge Doe agreed to sign for League Two side Dagenham Redbridge on a two and a half year contract in February 2009 , initially on loan . He was also offered a contract at League One club Peterborough United . Financial troubles at Weymouth resulted in a number of first team players not being paid . Due to the situation at Weymouth , The Football Association gave him special dispensation to move anywhere , although the Football League refused to allow him to join Dagenham as it was outside the transfer window . Subsequently , Doe registered for another Conference Premier team , Kettering Town , and joined Dagenham on an emergency loan until the end of the 2008 09 season . He signed for Dagenham on a permanent basis on a two and a half year contract in March . He made his debut on the opening day of the 2009 10 season , after starting in a 2 1 victory over Crewe Alexandra . At the end of the season , Doe was runner up to Mark unk for Dagenham Redbridge 's Player of the Year award . In June 2015 , Doe rejected a new contract extension and left the club having made 266 appearances , scoring 11 goals . Boreham Wood After leaving Dagenham Redbridge , Doe signed for newly promoted National League side Boreham Wood in July 2015 . Return to Dagenham In May 2016 , he re signed for Dagenham Redbridge after their relegation to the National League along with Luke Howell on a free transfer , re uniting with former manager John Still . International career Doe was called up to the England C squad in February 2009 , by manager Paul Fairclough , to face the Malta under 21 team . He came on as a second half substitute in the 4 0 victory at Hibernians Football Ground , Paola , on 17 February . Style of play Doe is able to play as a centre back or full back and is a strong player with good positional sense . Career statistics As of match played 30 April 2016 .
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3,791 | Blackwyche is an action adventure video game developed and published by Ultimate Play The Game for the Commodore 64 in 1985 . The game is the third instalment of the Pendragon series and is a sequel to Entombed . In the game , aristocrat adventurer Sir Arthur Pendragon is trapped on board a haunted galleon and must free the soul of its captain . The game is presented in a 3D isometric format . The Pendragon series was created and designed by brothers Dave and Bob Thomas , with Ultimate founders Tim and Chris Stamper otherwise being uninvolved in development . The game 's setting and graphics were heavily inspired by HMS Victory and the surrounding city of Portsmouth . The game was met with mixed reviews upon release . Critics were divided over the game 's graphics and re usage of sprites , but criticised the game for its vast similarities to its predecessors . It was followed by a final instalment to the series , Dragon unk , which was released later in 1985 . Gameplay The game is presented in a isometric format and is set on board a haunted galleon named the Blackwyche . Sir Arthur Pendragon 's main objective is to free the soul of its former captain , Richard Cavendish . Pendragon can utilise various weapons such as knives , daggers and a magic sword to defend himself from enemy skeletons . The player begins the game with full energy and it will slightly deplete every time the player is hit by an enemy . If Pendragon completely runs out of energy , a large skeletal hand will drag the player off screen , thus killing him . Various segments of maps are scattered around the galleon , which will form a complete view of the game 's overworld once all the segments are picked up . Other scattered items in the game include keys for locked doors , gunpowder to fire cannons and pieces of jewellery , the latter having no additional use other than adding to the player 's score . Development Ashby Computers and Graphics was founded by brothers Tim and Chris Stamper , along with Tim 's wife , Carol , from their headquarters in Ashby de la Zouch in 1982 . Under the trading name of Ultimate Play The Game , they began producing multiple video games for the ZX Spectrum throughout the early 1980s . The company was known for their reluctance to reveal details about their operations and upcoming projects . Little was known about their development process except that they used to work in separate teams one team would work on graphics while the other would concentrate on other aspects such as sound or programming . The Pendragon series was created by brothers Dave and Robert ( Bob ) Thomas , rather than Ultimate founders Tim and Chris Stamper . Dave Thomas began his career in 1983 when he started producing multiple games for the Atari 400 , including moderate sellers such as Warlok , which later won him GB 5 , 000 in a competition from Calisto Software . Although he began working for the company in producing video games , he later quit due to the strain of his daily , 68 mi ( 109 km ) commute . Shortly after quitting Calisto Software , Dave Thomas started work on The Staff of Karnath , the first instalment of what would become the Pendragon series . Bob Thomas was a trained technical illustrator for the Ministry of Defence and had experience with designing interiors for the Royal Navy . According to Dave Thomas , the setting of Blackwyche was heavily inspired by the HMS Victory and the surrounding naval city of Portsmouth . The name of Sir Arthur Pendragon was copied from the character of the Black Prince Pendragon from Jack the Giant Killer . The graphics of the game were designed by Bob Thomas , whereas the code was written by Dave Thomas . The Thomas brothers decided to show their progress of the game to Tim and Chris Stamper for evaluation , despite feeling embarrassed due to their workspace being inside their parents ' attic . Impressed by the game , the Stamper brothers commissioned an entire series to be released for the Commodore 64 . Dave Thomas recalled that every game they produced was met with little interference from Ultimate once a game was complete , it would be sent to quality assessment and subsequently published for release . Reception The game received mixed reviews upon release . A reviewer of CVG thought the graphics were identical to its predecessor , Entombed , and criticised the low detail of the player character , Sir Arthur Pendragon . Eugene Lacey of Commodore User praised the graphics , stating that they were smoother and slightly more detailed , despite acknowledging that they appeared similar to its predecessor . Stuart Cooke of Your Commodore thought the graphics were too repetitive and stated that he had trouble determining which section of the game he was on due to the similarities of all the colours . Reviewers of Zzap 64 criticised the graphics , stating the sprites to be awful , and animation as crummy with little or no range of colouring . The sprite of Sir Arthur Pendragon was frequently criticised by reviewers of Zzap 64 , with one reviewer expressing frustration on why Ultimate continued to re use the same sprites in their games . Another reviewer condemned the 3D animation , stating that it appeared out of proportion and frustrating . Tony Hetherington of Computer Gamer similarly criticised the graphics , owing to the duplicated landscapes and identical usage of colours , concluding that it was a disappointing game . Lacey heralded the gameplay to be purely addicting and considered Blackwyche to the best of the series . Harding opinionated the game to be miles better than its predecessor , whereas Cooke thought the gameplay was repetitive , owing to its number of locations . Reviewers of Zzap 64 criticised the overall gameplay , stating that the puzzles were poor , unchallenging and often gave them the sense of deja vu with its similarities to its predecessors . One reviewer of the same magazine considered the game to be a poor attempt at an arcade adventure game , stating that the ideas were poorly implemented . Hetherington concluded that Blackwyche was a disappointment for an Ultimate game , considering their previous hit titles such as Atic Atac and Knight Lore .
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3,792 | Mycena mustea is a species of mushroom in the Mycenaceae family . First described as a new species in 2007 , the fungus is known only from Kanagawa , Japan , where it grows on dead fallen twigs in lowland forests . The mushroom 's dull violet to grayish violet cap , initially covered with a fine whitish powder , becomes smooth as it matures , and eventually reaches a diameter of up to 10 mm ( 0 . 39 in ) . The stem is slender , up to 90 mm ( 3 . 5 in ) long , and is covered with stiff white hairs at the base . Underneath the cap are distantly spaced pale brownish gills that are narrowly attached to the stem . Microscopic characteristics of the mushroom include the weakly amyloid spores ( turning bluish to black when stained with Melzer 's reagent ) , the club shaped cheilocystidia ( cystidia on the gill edge ) featuring one or more short knob like protuberances , the absence of pleurocystidia ( cystidia on the gill face ) , the diverticulate cap cuticle hyphae , and the absence of clamp connections . Taxonomy , naming , and classification The species was first collected in Japan by unk Takahashi in 1999 , and reported as a new species in a 2007 publication . The specific epithet is the Latin word mustea , meaning fresh . The Japanese name is Sumire ashinagatake . The infrageneric classification of the fungus is unclear , and depends on what taxonomic characters are deemed most important . According to Takahashi , the mushroom 's violet pigment , the inamyloid ( not staining when treated with Melzer 's reagent ) hymenophoral tissue ( hymenium bearing tissue ) , and the smooth hyphae of the outer layer of stem suggest a placement in the section unk ( Fr . ) Quel . , as defined by the Dutch Mycena specialist Maas Geesteranus . However , if greater taxonomic emphasis is placed on the weakly amyloid basidiospores , it would be more appropriate in the section Fragilipedes ( Fr . ) Qul . Description The cap is conical to convex to bell shaped , occasionally with a low and broad umbo , and reaches 7 to 10 mm ( 0 . 28 to 0 . 39 in ) in diameter . When moist , it is partly translucent , and grooves corresponding to the position of the gills under tha cap can be seen . The surface is somewhat hygrophanous it changes color as it loses or absorbs moisture . The surface is initially pruinose covered with what appears to be a fine white powder ( remnants of the universal veil that covered the immature fruit body ) but this soon sloughs off , leaving it smooth . The cap surface is a dull violet color when young , then becomes somewhat paler near the margin . The flesh is up to 0 . 5 mm thick , white , and lacks any distinctive odor and taste . The slender stem is 40 to 90 mm ( 1 . 6 to 3 . 5 in ) long by 0 . 5 to 1 . 5 mm ( 0 . 020 to 0 . 059 in ) thick , cylindrical , centrally attached to the cap , and hollow . Its surface is dry , dull violet to grayish violet over the entire length . Like the cap surface , it is initially entirely pruinose , but becomes smooth in maturity . The base of the stem is covered with sharp , straight , and stiff white hairs . The gills are narrowly attached to the stem , and distantly spaced , with between 15 and 19 gills reaching the stem . The gills are up to 1 . 2 mm broad , thin , and pale brownish . The gill edges are pruinose , and the same color as the gill faces . Microscopic characteristics The spores are roughly ellipsoid and measure 11 12 by 6 7 m . They are smooth , colorless , inamyloid to weakly amyloid , and thin walled . The basidia ( spore bearing cells ) are 28 37 by 8 10 m , club shaped , and mostly four spored . The cheilocystidia ( cystidia on the gill edge ) are club shaped , abundant , and measure 30 45 by 8 11 m . They form a sterile gill edge . Near their tips they have one or more short knob like excrescences ( outgrowths ) that are colorless , and thin walled . M. mustea does not have cystidia on the gill face ( pleurocystidia ) . The hymenophoral tissue is made of hyphae that are 5 16 m wide , cylindrical ( often somewhat inflated ) with thin walls , smooth , colorless , and inamyloid . The cap cuticle is made of parallel , bent over hyphae that are 2 6 m wide , cylindrical , and covered with scattered , warty or finger like hyaline ( translucent ) thin walled diverticulae . The layer of hyphae under the cap cuticle are parallel , hyaline or pale violet , dextrinoid ( turning reddish to reddish brown in Melzer 's reagent ) , and contain short and inflated cells that are up to 25 m wide . The stem cuticle is made of parallel , bent over thin walled hyphae that are 2 6 m wide , cylindrical , smooth , and hyaline or pale violet . The stem tissue is made of longitudinally running , cylindrical hyphae that are 8 15 m wide , smooth , colorless , and dextrinoid . Clamp connections are absent in all tissues . Similar species Mycena mustea is similar to the North American species M. unk , which is distinguished by having a vinaceous brown to purplish black cap , irregularly shaped cheilocystidia that are covered at their tips with long , flexuous excrescences , and clamp connections . Mycena mustea is also similar to the European species M. unk , which differs in its blackish violet cap , broadly club shaped cheilocystidia covered with numerous , evenly spaced warts , and clamp connections . Mycena mustea also resembles the Japanese M. fonticola , a species described concurrently with M. mustea . Unlike that of M. fonticola , the cap of M. mustea typically becomes pale grayish purple when mature the cheilocystidia have several short finger like excrescences at their tips and the stem cuticle is made up of smooth hyphae . In contrast , the cap of M. fonticola becomes dark violet brown when mature there are no excrescences on the cheilocystidia and the hyphae of the stem cuticle are sparsely covered with diverticulae that resemble warts or fingers . Habitat and distribution Mycena mustea is known only from Kanagawa , Japan . The mushroom is found growing solitary to scattered on dead fallen twigs in lowland forests dominated by the hornbeam carpinus ( Carpinus tschonoskii ) and the Chinese evergreen oak ( Quercus myrsinaefolia ) .
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3,793 | Originally named USS Tippecanoe , after the river in Indiana , USS Wyandotte was a single turreted Canonicus class monitor built for the Union Navy during the American Civil War . Completed after the end of the war , Wyandotte was laid up until 1876 , although she received her new name in 1869 . The ship was commissioned in 1876 and assigned to the North Atlantic Squadron for the next three years . She became a receiving ship in 1879 until she was placed in reserve again in 1885 . Wyandotte was on militia duty when the Spanish American War began and she was recommissioned in 1898 to defend Boston , Massachusetts from any Spanish raiders . The ship was decommissioned after the end of the war and sold for scrap in 1899 . Description and construction The ship was 224 feet 6 inches ( 68 . 4 m ) long overall , had a beam of 43 feet 5 inches ( 13 . 2 m ) and had a maximum draft of 13 feet 3 inches ( 4 . 0 m ) . Wyandotte had a tonnage of 1 , 034 tons burthen and displaced 2 , 100 long tons ( 2 , 100 t ) . Her crew consisted of 100 officers and enlisted men . Wyandotte was powered by a two cylinder horizontal vibrating lever steam engine that drove one propeller using steam generated by two Stimers horizontal fire tube boilers . The 320 indicated horsepower ( 240 kW ) engine gave the ship a top speed of 8 knots ( 15 km h 9 . 2 mph ) . She carried 140 150 long tons ( 140 150 t ) of coal . Wyandotte 's main armament consisted of two smoothbore , muzzle loading , 15 inch ( 381 mm ) Dahlgren guns mounted in a single gun turret . Each gun weighed approximately 43 , 000 pounds ( 20 , 000 kg ) . They could fire a 350 pound ( 158 . 8 kg ) shell up to a range of 2 , 100 yards ( 1 , 900 m ) at an elevation of 7 . The exposed sides of the hull were protected by five layers of 1 inch ( 25 mm ) wrought iron plates , backed by wood . The armor of the gun turret and the pilot house consisted of ten layers of one inch plates . The ship 's deck was protected by armor 1 . 5 inches ( 38 mm ) thick . A 5 by 15 inch ( 130 by 380 mm ) soft iron band was fitted around the base of the turret to prevent shells and fragments from jamming the turret as had happened to several of the older Passaic class monitors during the First Battle of Charleston Harbor in April 1863 . The base of the funnel ( ship ) was protected to a height of 6 feet ( 1 . 8 m ) by 8 inches ( 200 mm ) of armor . A rifle screen of 1 2 inch ( 13 mm ) armor 3 feet ( 0 . 9 m ) high was installed on the top of the turret to protected the crew against Confederate snipers based on a suggestion by Commander Tunis A. M. Craven , captain of her sister ship Tecumseh . The only known modification after the ship 's completion was the addition of a hurricane deck between the turret and the funnel sometime after the end of the Civil War . The contract for Wyandotte , the only Navy ship to be named after the Wyandotte Indian Tribe , was awarded to Miles Greenwood the ship was laid down on 28 September 1862 at the shipyard of John unk in Cincinnati , Ohio . She was launched on 22 December 1864 and completed on 15 February 1866 . The ship 's construction was delayed by multiple changes ordered while she was being built that reflected battle experience with earlier monitors . This included the rebuilding of the turrets and pilot houses to increase their armor thickness from 8 inches ( 203 mm ) to 10 inches and to replace the bolts that secured their armor plates together with rivets to prevent them from being knocked loose by the shock of impact from shells striking the turret . Other changes included deepening the hull by 18 inches ( 457 mm ) to increase the ship 's buoyancy , moving the position of the turret to balance the ship 's trim and replacing all of the ship 's deck armor . Completion of the ship was further delayed by the low depth of the Ohio River which prevented her movement from Cincinnati in December 1864 to finish their fitting out . The river finally rose in March 1865 which allowed the ship to reach New Albany , Indiana on 14 March . Wyandotte was moved to Evansville , Indiana in late May to complete her hull where rudimentary facilities and illness among her workers delayed her construction still further . The monitor joined her sisters Oneota , Manayunk , and Catawba in ordinary opposite Cairo , Illinois when she was completed on 15 February 1866 although they drew enough water that they had to be anchored in the main channel where they were often struck by debris , drifting ice , and were vulnerable to accidents . Wyandotte 's anchor chain was broken on 27 March when she was struck by a steamboat towing barges and the ship collided with Oneota and the two ships were dragged 2 miles ( 3 . 2 km ) downstream before they could be brought under control . This was a persistent problem and the Navy finally decided to move the ships down to New Orleans in May 1866 . In 1869 , she was twice renamed , first to Vesuvius on 15 June and then Wyandotte on 10 August . Service history The monitor was moved to Key West , Florida in 1870 and then to the Philadelphia Navy Yard by 1872 . In 1873 74 , Wyandotte was thoroughly overhauled by John Roach Sons in Chester , Pennsylvania and commissioned for the first time on 24 January 1876 , under the command of Lieutenant Thomas C. Terrell . The ship was assigned to the North Atlantic Squadron through 1879 and spent her time on exercises and training cruises she was based at Hampton Roads , Virginia for a while . She served as the station ship at Washington , D.C. , beginning in 1879 , before she was again placed in reserve in 1885 , first at Richmond , Virginia and then at Norfolk , Virginia . Wyandotte was transferred to the Connecticut Naval Militia in 1896 , and she was recommissioned for local defense duties on 30 April 1898 during the Spanish American War in response to political pressure . Commanded by Lt. John B. Milton , the ship sailed from New Haven , Connecticut on 17 May , to guard Boston and remained on there from 19 May to 5 September . Wyandotte sailed to Philadelphia , Pennsylvania after the end of the war and arrived there on 9 September . She was decommissioned on 20 September and sold for scrap on 17 January 1899 .
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3,794 | Interstate 380 ( I 380 ) is a 73 mile ( 117 km ) auxiliary Interstate Highway located in eastern Iowa . The route extends from Interstate 80 near Coralville to Waterloo . I 380 connects the cities of Cedar Rapids and Waterloo , the second and sixth largest cities in the state , respectively , to the Interstate Highway System . Except for its last 1 1 2 miles ( 2 . 4 km ) north of U.S. Route 20 ( US 20 ) , I 380 runs concurrent with Iowa Highway 27 , which represents Iowa 's portion of the 560 mile ( 900 km ) Avenue of the Saints Highway connecting St. Louis , Missouri , with St. Paul , Minnesota . Construction of I 380 took 12 years to complete , ending in 1985 . After the interstate opened , US 218 was moved onto the new freeway . In the 1990s , the I 380 corridor was selected as part of the Avenue of the Saints corridor , which Iowa designated as Iowa Highway 27 in 2001 . I 380 has been affected by two major floods , the Great Flood of 1993 and the Iowa flood of 2008 , both of which closed the road at the Iowa River for two weeks . Route description Interstate 380 begins at a cloverleaf interchange where US 218 and Iowa 27 cross Interstate 80 in Coralville in Johnson County . From the interchange , I 380 , US 218 , and Iowa 27 , the route assigned to the Avenue of the Saints Highway in Iowa , run together towards Cedar Rapids . The interstate heads north and serves North Liberty . North of North Liberty , the freeway runs parallel to the former routing of US 218 and Iowa 965 here the two highways cross the Iowa River . After crossing into Linn County , the three routes enter the Cedar Rapids city limits near The Eastern Iowa Airport . Three miles ( 4 . 8 km ) north of the airport , I 380 intersects US 30 and US 151 at a cloverstack interchange . At this interchange , US 218 splits away from I 380 and Iowa 27 . Through Cedar Rapids , the I 380 freeway is elevated relative to the nearby streets and residential neighborhoods . As it approaches downtown and the Cedar River , the freeway takes a tight , 90 degree turn to the east , crosses the river , squeezes between a Quaker Oats plant and the U.S. Cellular Center before turning back 90 degrees to the north . Between downtown and the Coldstream 29th Street interchange , I 380 serves as a dividing line between residential areas to the east and industry to the west . Towards the north end of Cedar Rapids , industry is replaced with commerce as I 380 Iowa 27 meet Iowa 100 , locally known as Collins Road , at a volleyball interchange . The collector distributor ramps for Collins Road also serve the same function for Blairs Ferry Road , the next overpass to the north . The freeway leaves Cedar Rapids and enters Hiawatha , where there is only one interchange , a diamond with unk Road . Quickly escaping the Cedar Rapids area , I 380 turns to the northwest and passes through predominantly rural areas with small communities and farms dotting the way . Because of its northwestern angle , I 380 enters four counties within 30 miles ( 48 km ) , as counties in Iowa are generally rectangular in shape . It passes Center Point in northwestern Linn County , Urbana in northeastern Benton County , where it meets Iowa 150 , and Brandon in southwestern Buchanan County . The interstate travels into Black Hawk County heading northwest for 7 miles ( 11 km ) before turning north for 3 miles ( 4 . 8 km ) until a directional T interchange with US 20 . Together with US 20 , I 380 and Iowa 27 travel west towards Waterloo and Cedar Falls . The three routes pass the eastern Waterloo suburbs of Raymond , unk , and Elk Run Heights . Almost immediately after crossing the Cedar River again , I 380 splits away from US 20 and Iowa 27 and rejoins US 218 at a three level stack interchange . I 380 and US 218 head north to the east of the Crossroads Center shopping mall . One half mile ( 0 . 8 km ) north of the interchange which serves the Crossroads Center , I 380 ends at the traffic light at Mitchell Avenue . US 218 continues to the north at this point . History The first section of I 380 opened to traffic on September 19 , 1973 . That section connected The Eastern Iowa Airport to I 80 at Coralville . Within three years , the interstate had been extended into Cedar Rapids at the Cedar River . The bridge which crossed the river would not open until June 1979 . By the end of 1981 , I 380 was a continuous road to the Coldstream Avenue Glass Road interchange . The interstate was originally scheduled to be open by Christmas 1984 , but weather delays pushed back the construction timetable . The last section of I 380 to be completed opened on September 12 , 1985 . In 1985 , US 218 was bypassed around Iowa City and Coralville , joining I 380 at the I 80 interchange . US 218 to Cedar Rapids was replaced by Iowa 965 . In the early 1990s , most of I 380 was designated as part of the Avenue of the Saints corridor , which connects St. Louis , Missouri , to St. Paul , Minnesota . Avenue of the Saints route markers were erected along the route the next year . In August 2001 , the Avenue of the Saints in Iowa was given a single designation , Iowa 27 , to facilitate following the route through the state . I 380 crosses two of Iowa 's major rivers , the Iowa and the Cedar . Both rivers have affected the interstate during major floods , as the case was in 1993 and in 2008 . During the Great Flood of 1993 , I 380 and Iowa 965 were both closed at the Iowa River 's Coralville Lake reservoir between July 13 and July 28 . The roads reopened after the lake 's waters receded enough to allow Department of Transportation inspectors to check the three bridges over the water . The great Iowa flood of 2008 affected the same section of I 380 at the Iowa River in much the same fashion as in 1993 . I 380 and former Iowa 965 were closed at the Iowa River on June 13 until July 3 . In Cedar Rapids , flooding did not close I 380 , the only bridge not to close , though traffic was restricted through the city . The flooding damage was much more severe in Cedar Rapids than in Iowa City . The Cedar River crested at over 31 feet ( 9 . 4 m ) on June 13 , causing hundreds of millions of dollars in damage . Exit list
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3,795 | The Wacht class was a pair of avisos built by the Imperial German Navy in the late 1880s the class comprised two ships , Wacht and Jagd . They were laid down in 1886 and 1887 and completed by 1888 and 1889 , respectively . The ships were based on the previous aviso , SMS Greif , which had proved to be an unsuccessful design due to its lack of torpedo armament . As a result , the Wacht class ships were equipped with three torpedo tubes to improve their combat power they were also the first German avisos to carry armor protection . Both ships served in the main German fleet for the entirety of their active duty careers . They were primarily employed in the peacetime routine of unit and fleet training maneuvers . In September 1901 , Wacht was accidentally rammed by the ironclad SMS Sachsen during the annual fleet maneuvers . The collision caused serious damage to Wacht and she quickly sank . Jagd continued in service for another three years , after which she was withdrawn from service and used in various roles over the following sixteen years . She was sold for scrapping in 1920 . Design The Imperial Navy began building small avisos in the 1880s to serve in the main fleet in German waters . These vessels were intended to support the battle line , and so unlike the contemporary German unprotected cruisers , their designs emphasized offensive capability and high speed rather than a long cruising radius . The Wacht class followed the previous aviso , SMS Greif . The ship had proved to be a disappointment in service , since it carried no torpedo armament . As a result , the Wacht design returned to the torpedo as its primary armament like earlier vessels such as the Blitz class . General characteristics The Wacht class ships were 84 meters ( 276 ft ) long at the waterline and 85 . 5 m ( 281 ft ) long overall . They had a beam of 9 . 66 m ( 31 . 7 ft ) and a maximum draft of 3 . 74 m ( 12 . 3 ft ) forward and 4 . 67 m ( 15 . 3 ft ) aft . They displaced 1 , 246 metric tons ( 1 , 226 long tons 1 , 373 short tons ) as designed and up to 1 , 499 t ( 1 , 475 long tons 1 , 652 short tons ) at full combat load . Their hulls were constructed from transverse steel frames . Wacht and Jagd each had a crew of 7 officers and 134 enlisted men . The ships carried several smaller boats , including one picket boat , one yawl , one dinghy , and one cutter . They were poor sea boats they rolled and pitched badly and were very wet . They were also not particularly maneuverable vessels . Machinery Their propulsion system consisted of two angled 3 cylinder triple expansion engines that each drove a 3 . 3 m ( 11 ft ) wide three bladed screw . Steam for the engines was provided by four coal fired locomotive boilers trunked into a single funnel amidships . In 1891 93 , new boilers manufactured by Schichau Werke and the Kaiserliche Werft ( Imperial Shipyard ) in Wilhelmshaven were installed . The ships were equipped with a pair of electric generators with a combined output of 20 kilowatts ( 27 hp ) at 67 volts . The ships ' propulsion system provided a top speed of 19 knots ( 35 km h 22 mph ) and was rated at 4 , 000 indicated horsepower ( 3 , 000 kW ) , though neither ship reached that horsepower in service . They carried up to 230 t ( 230 long tons 250 short tons ) of coal , which enabled them to steam for approximately 2 , 860 nautical miles ( 5 , 300 km 3 , 290 mi ) at 10 knots ( 19 km h 12 mph ) . Steering was controlled by a single rudder . Armament and armor As built , the ships were armed with three 10 . 5 cm ( 4 . 1 in ) K L 35 guns placed in single pivot mounts . The guns were supplied with a total of 180 rounds of ammunition and had a range of 7 , 000 m ( 23 , 000 ft ) . Wacht and Jagd also carried three 35 cm ( 14 in ) torpedo tubes , one mounted submerged in the bow and the other two in deck mounted launchers on the broadside . In 1891 , four 8 . 8 cm SK L 30 quick firing guns in single mounts replaced the 10 . 5 cm guns . The ships were the first German aviso to carry armor a 10 mm ( 0 . 39 in ) thick deck with 20 mm ( 0 . 79 in ) thick sloped sides protected the magazines and engine rooms . The conning tower was protected with 25 mm ( 0 . 98 in ) of armor plating on the sides and 10 mm on the roof . The coaming around the funnel was 75 mm ( 3 . 0 in ) thick . The armor consisted of compound wrought iron . For protection against underwater attack , the hull was divided into twelve watertight compartments below the armored deck and ten compartments above it . Service history Wacht and Jagd were both built by the AG Weser shipyard in Bremen . Wacht was laid down in 1886 and Jagd followed in 1887 . Wacht was launched on 27 August 1887 and commissioned into the German fleet on 9 August 1888 after fitting out work was completed . Jagd was launched on 7 July 1888 and completed by 25 June 1889 , when she was commissioned into the fleet . Both Wacht and Jagd served with the German fleet in home waters Wacht in the Maneuver Squadron from 1889 and Jagd in the Training Squadron from 1891 . Wacht and the rest of the Maneuver Squadron went on a major cruise in the Mediterranean Sea in 1889 90 . In 1893 , Jagd joined Wacht in the Maneuver Squadron , and both ships served there , alternating between the I and II Divisions for the rest of the decade . Their activities consisted of periodic divisional and squadron training maneuvers , which culminated in the annual autumn fleet maneuvers in late August and early September . On 4 September 1901 , Wacht accidentally collided with the ironclad Sachsen during training exercises . Sachsen , which was equipped with a ram bow , tore a hole in Wacht 's hull below the waterline . The battleship Weissenburg attempted to tow Wacht to shallow water where she could be grounded , but the flooding proved to be impossible to control and Wacht quickly sank . Jagd meanwhile remained in service until 1904 , when she was withdrawn and used as a harbor ship . She was stricken in May 1910 and subsequently hulked . Later , she was moved to Friedrichsort , outside Kiel , where she was used as a firing platform for torpedo training through World War I. In 1920 , she was sold for scrap .
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3,796 | Slalom is a skiing video game in which the player races in a series of downhill slalom runs while navigating past flags and obstacles before time expires . It was developed by Rare and first released by Nintendo for the Nintendo VS . System in 1986 . It was then released for the Nintendo Entertainment System ( NES ) in North America in March 1987 and in Europe later that year . The game was developed by Tim and Chris Stamper and its music was composed by David Wise . Slalom was the first NES game developed outside Japan and the Stamper brothers ' first game released under the Rare brand . Reviews from the 1980s found Slalom unrealistic , but largely appreciated its graphics and animations . In contrast , AllGame 's retrospective review called the game poorly made and rushed . Slalom was released in Rare 's 2015 Rare Replay compilation for Xbox One . Gameplay Slalom is a single player game in which players race downhill in a series of slalom races . There are 24 downhill runs total that are evenly spread across three mountains . Before the game starts , players choose their mountain based on difficulty Snowy Hill for beginners , Steep Peak for intermediate players , and Mount Nasty for experts . The goal for each run is to reach the finish line within the allotted time . Players must dodge obstacles including trees , flags , snowmen , unk , and other skiers on their way downhill , or else they will tumble and lose time . With enough momentum , players can jump over these obstacles . Players must ski around flags to maintain their speed . If they ski on the wrong side of the flag , the racer will snowplow and slow down . Also located on the runs are moguls ( bumps ) that , when hit , causes the racer to go airborne and slow down slightly when landing . While airborne , players can perform freestyle tricks and earn bonus points . However , if the player botches the trick , the racer may tumble and fall , losing time . At the end of each run , final scores are calculated based on the amount of time remaining on the run and points scored from completing freestyle tricks . If the player earns enough points , they may race the next level solo ( without other skiers onscreen ) . The points earned in qualifying runs convert to additional seconds on the solo run timer . The high scores on each of the runs are saved in memory until the console is powered off . Development Slalom was developed by British video game company Rare by Tim and Chris Stamper . Rare had been looking to develop games for consoles in the wake of rampant computer game piracy in the United Kingdom . They chose the NES for its nascent popularity , though the console had no Western developers , and asked Nintendo for a license . When Nintendo declined , they reverse engineered the console and made a demo , Slalom to show the company . Nintendo was astonished at their effort , and made Rare its first Western developer , beginning a long and close collaboration between Rare and Nintendo of America founder and president Minoru Arakawa . Slalom was originally released in 1986 in the arcades as part of the Nintendo VS . System and was titled Vs . Slalom . This release featured an upright cabinet , a joystick , one jump button , monaural sound , and standard raster graphics . There was also an optional controller upgrade that featured two physical ski poles and shortened skis that the player could stand on and use to control the skier onscreen . The NES version was released by Nintendo in North America in March 1987 and in Europe on October 15 , 1987 . Slalom was Rare 's first video game developed as a new company . It was also the Stamper brothers ' first video game console release . The game 's music was composed by Rare 's video game composer David Wise , his first NES composing job . In a December 2010 interview , Wise said that he found the NES sound board work challenging . He had to first code the unk values for each note by hand before converting them into subroutines with a computer . Wise recalled thinking that his first NES projects sounded like doorbells . He was humbled that others continue to remix his tracks . Reception Slalom received preview coverage in early 1987 in the first issue of Nintendo Fun Club News the predecessor to the company 's house organ Nintendo Power citing the arcade conversion to the NES . It was featured in the following Summer 1987 issue with a brief overview and expert tips . French magazine Tilt appreciated the game 's graphics and sound , but thought its animation did not fare as well . On the other hand , German magazine unk Software Markt highly commended Slalom 's animations ( particularly its use of scrolling and perspective ) and thought its sounds were mediocre . The magazine found the game fun , though unrealistic . Power Play and unk similarly praised the animations . Though Gen 4 found the game unrealistic , they appreciated its depiction of speed and the gradual difficulty progression . Power Play liked the level and obstacle graphics . Gen 4 considered the graphics average for Nintendo , and disagreed internally as to whether the game was sufficiently fantastical . Power Play thought the game needed more variety and quickly became monotonous . AllGame editor Brett Alan Weiss 's retrospective review was critical as he called Slalom a rush job that did not capture the spirit of skiing . He felt that the game was repetitive , too simple , and not fun for adults . Weiss described the graphics as blocky and insipid , the sound as repetitive and derivative . He said that even though it was an early release in the console 's lifespan , Slalom was on par with the 1979 Intellivision 's capabilities . He recommended Antarctic Adventure for the ColecoVision in its stead . UK based magazine Retro Gamer wrote that the game received little fanfare . The magazine 's Stuart Hunt wrote in December 2010 , on Rare 's 25th anniversary , that the game was fun but quite simplistic in its lack of race variety . He said , though , that the game showcased how the company could maximize the system resources of the NES . Slalom was included in Rare Replay , a compilation of 30 Rare titles , released on the Xbox One on August 4 , 2015 .
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3,797 | Mr. Monk and the Airplane is first season finale of the American comedy drama detective television series Monk , and the show 's 13th episode overall . The series follows Adrian Monk ( Tony Shalhoub ) , a private detective with obsessive compulsive disorder and multiple phobias , and his assistant Sharona Fleming ( Bitty Schram ) . In this episode , Monk is obligated to get a fly with Sharona and is faced with a murder case in the airplane . The episode was written by David M. Stern and directed by Rob Thompson . It guest starred several actors , including Brooke Adams , Tim Daly , and Garry Marshall . When the episode first aired in the United States on USA Network on October 18 , 2002 , it was watched by 4 . 2 million viewers . Mr. Monk and the Airplane was well received by critics , and earned Shalhoub a Primetime Emmy Award in 2003 . Plot Practical nurse Sharona Fleming ( Bitty Schram ) leaves to fly to New Jersey to visit her aunt . Her client and detective Adrian Monk ( Tony Shalhoub ) is forced to go with her , as he fears not being able to live without Sharona . While at San Francisco International Airport , a woman named Barbara Chabrol ( Jennifer Dale ) stands on her toes to kiss her husband Stefan ( Carl unk ) . Aboard the plane , an annoying extension cord salesman named Warren Beach ( Garry Marshall ) does little to assuage Monk 's fears . Monk quickly becomes suspicious of Stefan Chabrol after he notices that Barbara no longer needs to stand on her toes to kiss him , has forgotten that she ordered the vegetarian meal , knows nothing about air travel despite a frequent flyer lapel , and claims to have forgotten how to speak French when an old family friend , Bernard , meets them on board . More digging convinces Monk he is on to something . Monk quickly annoys everyone and a fellow passenger informs Stefan of Monk 's suspicions . Meanwhile , Bernard appears dead , probably because of a heart attack but Monk cannot guarantee it . He steals Bernard 's cup and , with a lighter borrowed from Beach , proceeds to burn away the wine to reveal a mysterious liquid at the bottom . However , the flight attendant , Leigh Harrison ( Brooke Adams ) , is alerted to Monk 's use of a lighter on board , and confiscates both the lighter and the glass , dumping the liquid down the sink . Monk calls Lieutenant Disher and explains what he thinks happened . Stefan and his mistress murdered Barbara and the mistress disguised herself as Barbara . Stefan , being a pilot , then used his valid identification card and its virtually unlimited access to hide the body at a construction site at the airport . The construction workers poured concrete over the corpse , unwittingly destroying the evidence . When Monk and Sharona 's flight lands at Newark Liberty International Airport , Monk stalls Stefan 's connecting flight to Paris by wittingly saying that the captain of the Paris flight is drunk . This allows Disher and the construction crew to excavate and find the body . The Newark Police Department shows up , and Stefan and his mistress are led away in handcuffs . Production Mr. Monk and the Airplane was written by David M. Stern and directed by Rob Thompson . Both were credited for the second time in the series , as Stern previously worked on Mr. Monk and the Other Woman and Thompson on Mr. Monk Meets Dale the Whale . There were various discussions between series creator Andy Breckman and writer Tom Scharpling with USA Network 's producers over the setting for the episode . The network required to have only half of the scenes on the plane , but the writing staff wanted it to be completely set on the plane . There was also discussion over the repetition of a Pete and Repeat joke ultimately , USA 's executives were crying from laughing so hard and agreed to include the scene . Tim Daly guest stars as himself he and Tony Shalhoub were in the NBC TV show Wings . To further explore the in joke of his casting , Monk 's comment about Wings Never saw it . Was it good was added . Another guest star , Garry Marshall himself created Warren Beach 's trademark line If it doesn 't reach , call Warren Beach as he was allowed to improvise Breckman further stated , He was improvising all the way . Marshall appeared in the episode after talking to Monk 's producer David Hoberman that it was his wife favorite show . Brooke Adams , the real life wife of Shalhoub , also stars in this episode as the flight attendant Leigh . Breckman appears as the passenger who enters the plane just ahead of Monk and Sharona , just as his credit as executive producer appears on screen . Reception Mr. Monk and the Airplane was first broadcast in the United States on the USA Network at 10 pm EST on October 18 , 2002 . According to Nielsen Media Research , the episode was viewed by an estimated number of 4 . 25 million viewers with a 2 . 5 household rating . Jason Gray Stanford listed Mr. Monk and the Airplane among his three favorite episodes of the series . Moreover , it was positively received by critics . In The Futon Critic 's ranking of the fifty best episodes of 2002 , it was placed 32nd , with Brian Ford Sullivan stating , The title of the episode says it all for us . New York Daily News 's David Bianculli declared It seems that lots of people are getting on board with Monk , which is as it should be , referring to the guest stars of the episode . The guests were said to be one of the many subtle and silly pleasures of the episode by Kevin McDonough , a critic for the United Feature Syndicate , while a TelevisionWeek reviewer praised Marshall performance as a tour de force guest shot . Austin Smith of the New York Post deemed it a true classic and said it put Mr. Monk Takes Manhattan to shame . Chris Hicks from Deseret News qualified it as perfection , and Bianculli stressed the writing team for Monk made the most of it . On the other hand , Joy Press of The Village Voice called it a Seinfeld like device in which Monk 's fear of flying was explored to the point of exhaustion . At the 55th Primetime Emmy Awards , Shalhoub won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series for this episode .
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3,798 | No Stairway is the debut studio album of Glassine , the musical project of Danny Greenwald , first released online and later issued on cassette worldwide by the label Patient Sounds , in April and August of 2015 , respectively . The title is a reference to a line from the 1992 film Wayne 's World . The album garnered significant attention from music journalists for its compositional and production technique . In two Guitar Center stores , Greenwald tapped people playing instruments on his iPhone , and used snippets of these low quality trackings as loops or synth patches , playing some of them through effects pedals or 4 track machines . The dystopian environment of Guitar Center shops and his desire to record something without a budget while in New York City is what inspired his idea to use samples of recordings of people playing instruments and build compositions out of them . On Fact 's year end list of best Bandcamp releases , No Stairway came in at number 19 . Background Raised in Columbia , Maryland , Greenwald first went to a Guitar Center store at age 14 to buy his first electric guitar . However , he rarely went to the former shop and instead bought equipment from local stores like Atomic Music in Beltsville , Maryland for most of his life . He disliked Guitar Center for its dystopian and unpleasant environment , which was one of the major parts of him being influenced to make No Stairway I wanted to take something unattractive and be able to extract beauty from it . I wanted to make that environment float on a cloud . I wanted to inspect little nuances , capture them , and paint with them . While living in New York City , there was a point where Greenwald became bankrupt and wanted to create great sounding tracks with no budget whatsoever without the need of using samples from a digital audio workstation or other computer software . While waiting for a train , he went at a Guitar Center shop near Atlantic Terminal out of boredom . At the store , he heard someone playing a song by Green Day on an electric guitar and noticed the instrument 's poor tone I remember thinking like , ' what if I could feed that through these weird reverb pedals I have at home ' ' Would it sound any different ' and it sort of hit me ' why don 't I just record other people playing and then sort of use as my paint ' . Production and composition Greenwald first tried to take control of the sounds from the expensive synthesizers Guitar Center was selling by recording samples of them , but was unimpressed with the results . On a later visit to the shop , he recorded what would be the first sound to be featured on the album he taped a guy who was just going for it on a drum kit , lowering the speed of the sample of the drum recording he used . The singer described how he felt while editing the sample I started to hear some kind of solace in a place that is sonically hellish . Greenwald started recording the album in a Guitar Center in Brooklyn , and then at a shop in Baltimore . Instead of looking to record instruments specifically planned for a song , Greenwald taped whatever sound he thought that could become better in quality when editing them later . Greenwald ended up with around 40 hours of iPhone recordings to work at his home . Some snippets were played through a 4 track tape recorder , others were old pedals and some were looped or used as synthesizer patches . These recordings were put together , EQ 'd , mixed and mastered in Pro Tools . Much planning was put into how the recordings were edited together , as he tried to connect things that were seemingly un unk . The end result was an album that featured ambient , dub , new age , experimental and post vaporwave styles . Release and reception No Stairway was first self released on Bandcamp and Glassine 's official SoundCloud page on April 17 , 2015 . n the same year , on August 6 , record label Patient Sounds distributed the album on cassette . The title of the album is a reference to the line No stairway , denied from the 1992 comedy film Wayne 's World . Live at Guitar Center , an album by unk musician Noah Wall that also used Guitar Center recordings , was released slightly before the Glassine album on April 6 . When Greenwald and Patient Sounds accidentally found out about Wall 's record , he almost didn 't want to release No Stairway , feeling gutted someone had already made an album with an identical concept to his project . However , when the label made Wall aware of Greenwald 's release , he was very excited about the album and his support got Greenwald motivated again to distribute his record . Greenwald has not sent No Stairway to the company despite suggestion to do so from his relatives . A Tiny Mix Tapes journalist praised the album 's style as some post vaporwave produced faux melodic ambiance that s all at once subconscious music and next level field recording . And the esoterica and nostalgic level of listening here is completely outta whack when paired with the idea that unk of these samples are unk in the same genre or created ( potentially ) by the same person . Critic Jesse Locke featured it on his column for Aux No Rest for the Obsessed , suggesting that listeners will wanted repeated hearings of Greenwald 's album unlike Live at Guitar Center . Jayson Greene , scoring No Stairway a 7 . 2 out of ten in his review for Pitchfork , called the album along with Wall 's record slight redemptive reminders of Guitar Center 's commercial success during the 1990s pre Internet period , which contrast with a current time where the chain of retailers may shut down quickly due to extreme financial decrease . He called Greenwald 's editing of such low quality sound recordings as impressive and even a little bewildering , but the knowledge proves unnecessary . In May 2015 , Fact magazine honored the record as one of their favorite Bandcamp releases for the month of April , and on their year end list of 20 best Bandcamp releases , it was ranked number 19 . In The Fader 's Top 2 Reasons Guitar Center Still unk , No Stairway was number two and Live at Guitar Center topped the list . Track listing Length unk from the following source
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3,799 | Libia was a protected cruiser built in Italy in the 1900s . The ship had originally been laid down in 1907 for the Ottoman Navy and was to have been named Drama , and was based on the Ottoman cruiser Hamidiye . She had not been completed by the outbreak of the Italo Turkish War in 1911 and so she was seized by the Italian Regia Marina ( Royal Navy ) and was completed in 1913 . The ship was armed with two 152 mm ( 6 . 0 in ) and eight 120 mm ( 4 . 7 in ) guns , and was capable of a top speed of over 22 knots ( 41 km h 25 mph ) . Libia had a relatively uneventful career . Before Italy 's entry into World War I , she was involved in the evacuation of Prince William , the ruler of Albania , from Durazzo in late 1914 . Following Italy 's declaration of war in May 1915 , Libia patrolled the Otranto Barrage but did not see action . In 1921 22 , she went on a world tour , during which she was featured in a short documentary produced by the then unknown Frank Capra . In 1925 she was deployed to China , where she remained for nearly a decade . In 1937 , the old cruiser was stricken from the naval register and sold for scrap . Design The design for the new cruiser was based on the British built Ottoman cruiser Hamidiye . The ship was 103 . 6 meters ( 340 ft ) long at the waterline and 111 . 8 m ( 367 ft ) long overall . She had a beam of 14 . 5 m ( 48 ft ) and a draft of 5 . 5 m ( 18 ft ) . She displaced 3 , 760 metric tons ( 3 , 700 long tons 4 , 140 short tons ) standard and up to 4 , 466 t ( 4 , 395 long tons 4 , 923 short tons ) at full load . The ship was fitted with two pole masts . She had a crew of 14 officers and 300 enlisted men . The ship was protected by an armored deck that was 100 mm ( 4 in ) thick , and the conning tower had the same thickness of armor plating on the sides . The main guns were protected by 76 mm ( 3 . 0 in ) thick gun shields . Libia was powered by two shaft vertical triple expansion engines . Steam for the engines was provided by sixteen coal fired Niclausse water tube boilers that were trunked into three closely spaced funnels on the centerline . The engines were rated at 12 , 500 indicated horsepower ( 9 , 300 kW ) , though they only reached 11 , 530 ihp ( 8 , 600 kW ) in service . This was sufficient to propel the ship at a top speed of 22 . 9 knots ( 42 . 4 km h 26 . 4 mph ) . Libia had a cruising radius of 3 , 150 nautical miles ( 5 , 830 km 3 , 620 mi ) at a speed of 10 knots ( 19 km h 12 mph ) . The ship was armed with a main battery of two 152 mm ( 6 . 0 in ) L 50 quick firing guns , one forward and one astern . These guns were probably Pattern FF Armstrong guns , which fired a 20 kilogram ( 44 lb ) shell at a muzzle velocity of 780 meters per second ( 2 , 600 ft s ) . These were augmented by a battery of eight 120 mm ( 4 . 7 in ) L 45 guns , four mounted individually on each broadside . Close range defense against torpedo boats was provided by a battery of eight 47 mm ( 1 . 9 in ) L 50 guns and six 37 mm ( 1 . 5 in ) L 20 guns . She was also equipped with four 450 mm ( 18 in ) torpedo tubes . Service history The new cruiser was laid down in 1907 at the Ansaldo shipyard in Genoa for the Ottoman Empire , under the name Drama . But following the rise of the Young Turks in the Ottoman Empire , the Ottoman government became unwilling to pay its foreign debts , which led Ansaldo to halt construction work . Work on the ship only resumed in late 1911 when Italy seized the ship following its declaration of war against the Ottoman Empire in the Italo Turkish War . The completed hull was launched on 11 November 1912 , and following the completion of fitting out work , the new ship was commissioned on 25 March 1913 . On 3 September 1914 , Libia was in the port of Durazzo , Albania when Prince William , the ruler of the country , departed following turmoil caused by an insurgency in the country , coupled with the outbreak of World War I. Libia had landed a contingent of marines to restore order in the city , where some 2 , 000 refugees fleeing the insurgents attempted to board passenger ships bound for Italy . After the refugees were evacuated , Libia recalled her marines and departed as well . Italy had declared neutrality at the start of World War I , but by July 1915 , the Triple Entente had convinced the Italians to enter the war against the Central Powers . Admiral Paolo Thaon di Revel , the Italian naval chief of staff , believed that the threat from Austro Hungarian submarines and naval mines in the narrow waters of the Adriatic was too serious for him to use the fleet in an active way . Instead , Revel decided to implement a blockade at the relatively safer southern end of the Adriatic with the main fleet , while smaller vessels , such as the MAS boats , conducted raids on Austro Hungarian ships and installations . Libia spent much of the war patrolling the Otranto Barrage , along with the cruisers Piemonte and Agordat and several Italian and French destroyers . During the war , the ship had three 76 mm ( 3 . 0 in ) L 40 anti aircraft guns installed . In 1921 the ship went on a world tour under the command of Admiral Ernesto unk . During the cruise , she stopped in San Francisco , United States in November , where she stayed for a month . While there , she was filmed for a short documentary by the then unknown film director Frank Capra on 6 and 7 November though it did not generate much attention , it was Capra 's first publicly screened film . The ship departed San Francisco on 4 December . In 1922 , Libia visited Australia while on her tour . In 1925 , her 150 mm guns were removed . That year , she was sent to China , where she joined the armored cruisers San Marco and San Giorgio and the river gunboats Caboto and unk . These ships contributed men to form the unk Italiano in China ( Italian Battalion in China ) the contingents from Libia were sent to guard the consulates in Beijing and Shanhaiguan . The ship remained in Chinese waters for nearly a decade in the early 1930s , she was replaced by the protected cruiser Quarto . In September 1935 she was drydocked to prepare for her disposal . She was stricken from the naval register on 11 March 1937 and was sold to ship breakers .
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