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3,600 | State Route 103 ( SR 103 ) is a 0 . 225 mile long ( 362 m ) urban minor arterial state highway in the U.S. state of Utah . It branches off from SR 126 ( Main Street ) in downtown Clearfield and extends east to Interstate 15 ( I 15 ) , terminating at the entrance to the Falcon Hill National Aerospace Research Park , just outside Hill Air Force Base . The entire route is located in Davis County and was formed in 1965 coinciding with the construction of I 15 . The route has been mostly unchanged since its formation , except for the moniker of the highway and the route number of its western terminus . The western terminus , in a stretch of fourteen years from its inception , has gone from SR 1 in 1965 , to SR 106 in 1967 , to SR 84 in 1969 , and SR 126 in 1979 . In 1979 , the moniker of the roadway for SR 103 was changed from 600 North to 650 North . SR 103 is one of four Utah state highways that connect to Hill Air Force Base , the others being SR 97 , SR 168 , and SR 232 . Only SR 168 has a lower average daily traffic count , with roughly 1 , 000 vehicles per day traveling along the highway compared to SR 103 's approximately 16 , 000 vehicles per day . The only major change to the highway since its formation was the addition of traffic lights at the on and off ramps for I 15 . Route description State Route 103 ( SR 103 ) begins at an intersection with SR 126 , locally known as Main Street in Clearfield . At this intersection , 650 North , which continues the right of way , lengthens from a two lane local street into a four lane arterial boulevard at SR 126 . SR 103 begins its progression eastward , passing between two commercial complexes . After a crossing of the Davis Weber Canal , the sidewalk on the southern side of the roadway turns to the south to follow the canal forming the Clearfield Canal Trail . SR 103 highway turns to the northeast , intersecting with the southbound on ramp and off ramp to Interstate 15 ( I 15 ) . After this intersection , SR 103 expands to five lanes , and crosses under the southbound and northbound lanes of I 15 . After the overpasses , SR 103 intersects with the northbound on ramp and off ramp from I 15 . The highway progresses straight for about 300 ft ( 91 m ) , passing a gated fence on the north side of the highway leading to a rail stub , and the dead end of Aspen Avenue , before reaching the entrance to the Falcon Hill National Aerospace Research Park , just outside Hill Air Force Base , the designated eastern terminus of SR 103 . From there , the right of way continues on the arterial in the base itself . SR 103 serves the function of connecting the town of Clearfield , and residents along I 15 to Hill Air Force Base . The base , as of 2012 , was the sixth largest employer in the state of Utah and is the third largest employer which is neither the state government nor a state funded higher education institution . SR 103 is one of four Utah state highways that connect to Hill Air Force Base , the others being SR 97 , SR 168 and SR 232 , Only SR 168 has a lower average daily traffic count , with roughly 1 , 000 vehicles per day traveling along the highway compared to SR 103 's approximately 16 , 000 vehicles per day . This is a decline from previous years ( in 2007 the average on SR 103 was 22 , 525 in 2006 , the average was 22 , 215 in 2005 , 21 , 275 ) . Four percent of this traffic was composed of trucks . The measurement point for the traffic counts is at the eastern terminus of SR 103 , the entrance to the Falcon Hill National Aerospace Research Park . The highway is codified as Utah Code 72 4 116 , and is designated as a minor arterial , which the Federal Highway Administration defines as linking major arterials at a lower volume than a primary arterial . History SR 103 was originally on an alignment of Harrison Street in the city of Ogden . Between 1964 and 1965 , the state of Utah and the Utah Department of Transportation ( UDOT ) decommissioned the alignment of SR 103 on Harrison Street , renumbering the portion of Harrison Street as SR 203 . The SR 103 designation was soon rewritten in the Utah Code as an access road to Hill Air Force Base on April 19 , 1965 . The new alignment , which the state felt was a major connector to a federal military institution , Hill Air Force Base , from U.S. Route 91 ( US 91 ) and I 15 was chosen as a state highway US 91 , before the formation of I 15 , was the major thoroughfare through Utah , connecting it to California and Montana . SR 103 was then designated onto its alignment , adding 0 . 225 mile ( 362 m ) to the Utah state route system . Prior to designation , the alignment of 600 North went from U.S. Route 91 and uninterrupted until the Hill Air Force Base . In 1964 , a year prior to designation , a 27 foot long ( 8 . 2 m ) concrete culvert bridge was constructed over the Davis Weber Canal . The two bridges for I 15 's southbound and northbound roadways were built in 1966 and are two 159 foot long ( 48 . 5 m ) concrete continuous tee beam overpasses . The route has been mostly unchanged since its formation , except for the moniker of the highway and the western terminus , of which SR 103 progresses . The western terminus , in a stretch of fourteen years from its inception , went from SR 1 in 1965 , to SR 106 in 1967 to SR 84 in 1969 and SR 126 in 1979 . In 1979 , the moniker of the roadway for SR 103 was changed from 600 North to 650 North . In 1998 , the legal definition of SR 103 was changed in the state codes . The alignment of SR 103 , outside of the roadway renumbering , have received some technical changes as well . In November 1992 , UDOT confirmed that the interchange of I 15 and SR 103 ( exit 335 ) was to be given traffic lights to help monitor traffic . The mayor at the time , unk Hamblin , approved of the project , and put the project up for bids for construction . The interchange was holding up motorists needing to turn left up to 20 minutes . Major intersections The entire route is in Clearfield , Davis County .
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3,601 | Club Life Volume Two Miami is the seventh mix compilation by Dutch disc jockey and music producer Tisto , released on April 21 , 2012 . The second installment of the Club Life series , the album serves as a homage to the nightlife of Miami , Florida , a city renowned for being a focal point for electronic music . As well as collaborating with producers such as Axwell , Wolfgang Gartner , Afrojack , and Hardwell , Tisto developed remixes of Paradise by Coldplay , Gotye 's Somebody That I Used to Know and The Naked and Famous ' Young Blood . Music critics reacted favorably to the album , who cited its bombastic approach and musical composition as highlights . Critics also felt that the album effectively reflected the dance culture in Miami . Club Life Volume Two Miami performed successfully in several countries including Canada , Russia , Switzerland and the United States , where it peaked at number sixteen on the Billboard 200 . Background and development Club Life Volume Two Miami is the second installment of the Club Life series , succeeding its predecessor Club Life Volume One Las Vegas ( 2011 ) . The album serves as a tribute to the nightlife in Miami , Florida , a city internationally renowned for being an epicenter for electronic dance music . Upon arriving in the United States in 2002 , Tisto was instantly enamored by the city 's vibrant electronic music scene , as the genre had yet to garner mainstream popularity throughout the rest of the country . Literally the first place I came to in America was Miami , he recalled , and since then I 've always been in love with the city . They 've always been very supportive of my music . Like , even in the beginning of 2002 , when the whole of America was not really into dance music , Miami had already embraced my music here and played it in all the stores . Tisto , who performs in the area annually , sought inspiration from varying discothques in the city . He explained , I wanted to create songs that give fans the opportunity to experience the sound of Miami clubs , whether they ve been there or not . Tisto collaborated with multiple record producers and disc jockeys in the recording process of the album , which include Afrojack , Wolfgang Gartner and Swanky Tunes . Club Life Volume Two possess remixes of Coldplay 's Paradise ( 2011 ) , Somebody That I Used to Know ( 2011 ) by Gotye and The Naked and Famous ' Young Blood ( 2011 ) songs that Tisto professes to be some of his favorites . With the remixes on this album , I took a handful of songs I love and created remixes filtered through the Club Life sound , he explained . Composition The album opens with the interlude Miami and Chasing Summers , which are homages to the summers in the city . The collaborative effort We Own the Night follows as the third track the song features vocals from English recording artist Luciana unk , which coincides over electronic basslines . After transitioning from What Can We Do ( A Deeper Love ) and If a Lie Was Love , the respective seventh and eighth tracks the remixes of Paradise and Somebody That I Used to Know follows suit the latter contains an upbeat melody with pounding synthesizers . It continues with Walls , the album 's ninth song , which contains an upbeat melody and a house inspired breakdown . Hardwell 's remix of Young Blood constitutes the tenth tune of Club Life Volume Two Miami , which albeit retains the original song 's banger themes , provides a euphoric sound with progressively sweet vocals building next to synths before releasing a thumping beat . The thirteenth track , Arena , commences after Life , Long Time , and the electric summer sound of Axwell 's In My Mind . Can 't Stop Me , a collaborative work between Tisto and fellow Dutch producer Afrojack , is drenched with thumping percussion and grandiose vocals . unk Crazy serves as the album 's concluding number . Reception Club Life Volume Two Miami has been well received by music critics . The album provoked Elektro Daily 's Cynthia Conte to conclude that Tisto drops some serious fierce beats that will have you dancing all day and all night . Analogous sentiments were echoed by Sanam unk , who concluded Overall , Club Life Volume Two Miami is a perfect symphony of sound for all listeners of music and is a must buy . unk commended the album 's bombastic approach , and asserted that it accurately embodied Miami 's electronic music scene . As the time is finally here , the international DJ maestro presents his finest work as the album is a home to stellar productions , including collaborations with Wolfgang Gartner and unique remixes of Afrojack 's latest hit ' Can t Stop Me Now ' as well as Gotye 's ' Somebody I Used To Know ' . It s big , and it s here . Writing for Brig , a publication from the University of Stirling , Stuart Kenny avouched that the album contained a plethora of potential hits that will unleash excessive amounts of euphoria when blasted from a live stage . Club Life Volume Two Miami performed successfully in several countries . It debuted at number sixteen on the Billboard 200 , becoming Tisto 's highest charting album in the United States . Subsequently , it charted at number three on the Independent Albums Chart and topped the Dance Electronic Albums Chart . The following week , Club Life Volume Two Miami descended forty eight spots to number sixty four on the Billboard 200 . In Canada , the remix album ascended and peaked at number seven on the Canadian Albums Chart . Club Life Volume Two Miami attained similar successes in European markets . It garnered its highest position in Switzerland , where it debuted within the top three . The album acquired top ten positions in Austria , Russia , and the United Kingdom , while also obtaining top 100 entries in Spain and Denmark . Track listing In the iTunes Bonus Edition , Miami is a part of Chasing Summers . The digital download of Make Some Noise has its own cover art but the song is not identified as a single . Charts
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3,602 | Green Hill Zone is the first level of the 1991 Sega Genesis video game Sonic the Hedgehog . The level is grassy and lush , with environmental features such as palm trees , vertical loops , and cliffs , and is the home of numerous forest animals . Like the game 's other levels , Green Hill comprises three acts in the third , Sonic fights antagonist Doctor Eggman before moving to the second level , Marble Zone . It was constructed by level designer Hirokazu Yasuhara and its musical theme was created by Masato Nakamura . Green Hill Zone is remembered as a classic within both the Sonic the Hedgehog series and video games in general . The level and its music have also received positive opinions from critics . It has gone on to make reappearances in other games , such as Sonic Adventure 2 , Sonic Battle , and Sonic Generations , and critics have also noted a Green Hill like aesthetic in levels of other games . History and characteristics Green Hill is the first level of Sonic the Hedgehog . Located on South Island , it is a lush , grassy stage with unique features like droopy palm trees and crumbling cliffs . In addition , as with later levels in the game , Green Hill has environmental features and obstacles like ramps , vertical loops , tunnels , spring boards , spikes , and checkpoints . It is normally populated by woodland creatures , but antagonist Doctor Eggman imprisons them inside robots known as unk prior to the events of the game , so the player must destroy them to free the animals . Green Hill consists of three acts , and the end of Act 3 features a boss battle with Eggman . After beating Eggman , Sonic moves on to the second level , the lava themed Marble Zone . Sonic the Hedgehog was created by the newly formed Sonic Team , a 15 member Sega subsidiary formed to create a character that could compete with Nintendo 's Mario . The game 's level design was handled by Hirokazu Yasuhara , and the musical theme was composed by Masato Nakamura from the Japanese band Dreams Come True . In designing Green Hill , Yasuhara was inspired by the U.S. state of California , while the game 's color scheme in general was influenced by the work of pop artist unk Suzuki . While the original game was a 2D side scroller , Green Hill was remade in full 3D as a secret level in the 2001 game Sonic Adventure 2 the player unlocks it after collecting all 180 of the emblems found by completing the game 's many objectives . The 2011 game Sonic Generations , a title that revisits past entries in the Sonic series ' history , features both 2D ( Classic ) and 3D ( Modern ) versions of Green Hill , as well as of numerous other Sonic levels . A reinterpretation of the level is set to appear in the upcoming 2017 title , Sonic Mania . In addition , Green Hill appears as a stage in the 2.5D fighting game Sonic Battle , in the tennis video game Sega Superstars Tennis , in the sports video game Mario Sonic at the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games , in the crossover adventure game Lego Dimensions , and in the crossover fighting games Super Smash Bros. Brawl , Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS , and Dengeki Bunko Fighting Climax . Cultural impact Critical reception Green Hill Zone has received consistently positive opinions from critics , particularly for its music . Craig Snyder at unk named the level as one of the five best levels in video games , calling it a great way to prepare for what s to come . Game Informer 's Tim Turi found the level 's music catchy , and Wong ranked it as the thirteenth greatest piece of gaming music from the 16 bit era . In 2010 , Sega 's community manager , Aaron Webber , returned from a vacation to find his cubicle redecorated to resemble Green Hill IGN 's Levi Buchanan claimed that everyone wants to come back to this , and Owen Good of Kotaku exclaimed I want to work in Green Hill Zone , too Writing for the Sabotage Times , Carl Anka ranked the original Sonic the Hedgehog as having the greatest music of any video game , largely as a result of Green Hill 's theme . Critics have compared levels , particularly first levels , of later Sonic games to Green Hill . Turi considers Emerald Hill from Sonic the Hedgehog 2 , Mushroom Hill from Sonic Knuckles , and Seaside Hill from Sonic Heroes to fit the same general mold as Green Hill , noting repetition in Sonic level design and stating that gamers have played Green Hill Zone dozens of times . However , he has opined that the Generations version of the original Green Hill unk them all in both its 2D and 3D incarnations . Justin Baker of Nintendo World Report and Skrebels both analogized Windy Hill from Sonic Lost World to Green Hill , while Carter thought similarly of the Legend of Zelda downloadable content levels . Impact and legacy Green Hill Zone has also been recognized by critics as a classic , well known video game level . It has been described as classic by Samit Sarkar of Polygon and by Jim Sterling and Chris Carter of Destructoid . unk , Joe Skrebels of Official Nintendo Magazine called it nostalgic , while Christopher Grant from Joystiq considered it to have a place in the center of your retro gaming shrine . Kevin Wong of Complex stated that the game 's and level 's popularity were such that even if you didn 't have a Genesis , this was the level you played at the department store while your parents went shopping . Andy Kelly from Computer and Video Games called the Green Hill theme a monumental slice of Sega nostalgia , and GamesRadar writer Justin Towell also referred to it as classic . Anka has summarized that Green Hill Zone in the original game has gone down as an instantly recognisable piece of music in pop culture . To mark Sonic 's fifteenth anniversary in 2006 , Sega released a papercraft version of Green Hill as a PDF on its website . In 2011 , not long after Generations ' release , Sega held a contest inviting gamers to upload playthroughs of Generations ' 3D version of Green Hill completed in under one minute and fifty seconds to YouTube winners were eligible for Sonic merchandise .
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3,603 | Victorieuse ( Victorious ) was the second ship of the La Galissonnire class of wooden hulled , armored corvettes built for the French Navy during the 1870s . Her construction was delayed for years and the navy took advantage of the extended construction time to upgrade her armament in comparison to the lead ship , La Galissonnire . Unlike her sisters , Victorieuse did not see any combat although she participated in the pacification of the Marquesas Islands in 1880 . She was condemned in 1900 . Design and description The La Galissonnire class ironclads were designed as faster , more heavily armed versions of the Alma class ironclads by Henri Dupuy de Lme . They used the same central battery layout as their predecessors , although the battery was lengthened 4 meters ( 13 ft 1 in ) to provide enough room to work the larger 240 millimeter ( 9 . 4 in ) guns . Victorieuse and her sister ship Triomphante were modified by Sabattier who reduced the number of screws from two to one to improve their sailing qualities , added an 194 millimeter ( 7 . 6 in ) bow chaser under the forecastle and increased the caliber and number of the secondary armament . Victorieuse was 76 . 85 meters ( 252 ft 2 in ) between perpendiculars and had a beam of 14 . 88 meters ( 48 ft 10 in ) . She had a mean draft of 6 . 3 meters ( 20 ft 8 in ) and displaced 4 , 150 metric tons ( 4 , 080 long tons ) . Her crew numbered between 352 and 382 officers and men . Propulsion Victorieuse had a single vertical compound steam engine driving a single propeller . Her engine was powered by four oval boilers . During sea trials her engine produced 2 , 214 indicated horsepower ( 1 , 651 kW ) and the ship reached 12 . 75 knots ( 23 . 61 km h 14 . 67 mph ) . She only carried 330 metric tons ( 320 long tons ) of coal which allowed her to steam for 2 , 740 nautical miles ( 5 , 070 km 3 , 150 mi ) at a speed of 10 knots ( 19 km h 12 mph ) . Victorieuse was also ship rigged with three masts and had a sail area of 1 , 730 square meters ( 18 , 600 sq ft ) . Armament Victorieuse mounted four of her six 240 millmeter Modle 1870 guns in the central battery on the battery deck . The other two 240 millimeter guns were mounted in barbettes on the upper deck , sponsoned out over the sides of the ship , just forward of the funnel . A 194 millimeter chase gun was fitted under the forecastle . Victorieuse 's secondary armament of six 138 millimeter ( 5 . 4 in ) guns was also mounted on the upper deck . The armor piercing shell of the 19 caliber 240 millmeter gun weighed 317 . 5 pounds ( 144 . 0 kg ) while the gun itself weighed 15 . 41 long tons ( 15 . 66 t ) . It had a muzzle velocity of 1 , 624 ft s ( 495 m s ) and was credited with the ability to penetrate a nominal 14 . 4 inches ( 366 mm ) of wrought iron armour at the muzzle . The 20 caliber 194 millimeter gun fired an armor piercing , 165 . 3 pound ( 75 . 0 kg ) shell while the gun itself weighed 7 . 83 long tons ( 7 . 96 t ) . The gun fired its shell at a muzzle velocity of 1 , 739 ft s ( 530 m s ) and was credited with the ability to penetrate a nominal 12 . 5 inches ( 320 mm ) of wrought iron armour at the muzzle . The 138 millimeter gun was 21 calibers long and weighed 2 . 63 long tons ( 2 . 67 t ) . It fired a 61 . 7 pound ( 28 . 0 kg ) explosive shell that had a muzzle velocity of 1 , 529 ft s ( 466 m s ) . The guns could fire both solid shot and explosive shells . The ship also mounted four 37 millimeter ( 1 . 5 in ) Hotchkiss 5 barrel revolving guns . They fired a shell weighing about 500 g ( 1 . 1 lb ) at a muzzle velocity of about 610 m s ( 2 , 000 ft s ) to a range of about 3 , 200 meters ( 3 , 500 yd ) . They had a rate of fire of about 30 rounds per minute . Victorieuse also received several towed Harvey torpedoes . Armor The La Galissonnire class ships had a complete 150 millimeter ( 5 . 9 in ) wrought iron waterline belt , approximately 2 . 4 meters ( 7 . 9 ft ) high laid over 650 millimeters ( 26 in ) of wood . The sides of the battery itself were armored with 120 millimeters ( 4 . 7 in ) of wrought iron backed by 520 millimeters ( 20 in ) of wood and the ends of the battery were closed by bulkheads of the same thickness . The barbette armor was 120 millimeters ( 4 . 7 in ) thick . The unarmored portions of their sides were protected by thin iron plates . Service Victorieuse was laid down at Toulon on 5 August 1869 and launched on 18 November 1875 . While the exact reason for such prolonged construction time is not known , the budget for the French Navy was cut after the Franco Prussian War of 1870 71 and the French dockyards had not been reformed with working practices more suitable for the industrial age . The ship was commissioned for her sea trials on 12 November 1876 and she was placed in reserve in Toulon after they were completed . She was recommissioned as the flagship of the Pacific Squadron on 17 August 1878 under the command of Rear Admiral unk du Petit Thouars . The ship participated in the pacification of the Marquesas Islands in 1880 , which had been conquered by the admiral 's uncle Abel Aubert Dupetit Thouars forty years before . Victorieuse returned to Toulon on 23 May 1881 . The ship was recommissioned as the flagship of the China Squadron on 1 December 1881 under the command of Rear Admiral Meyer . She was relieved by her sister La Galissonnire in April 1884 . She became flagship of the Levant Squadron after she arrived in France , but was in bad shape and soon placed in reserve at Cherbourg . Victorieuse became the flagship of Rear Admiral Barrera , second in command of the Northern Squadron on 10 February 1892 . The ship was on summer maneuvers off the Iberian coast in July 1893 . Two years later she became the flagship of Rear Admiral Mnard . She was initially condemned in May 1897 , but this was reversed so she could convoy torpedo boats to Bizerte . That plan was later cancelled and Victorieuse was paid off in 1899 , becoming guardship of the outer harbor at Brest until finally condemned the following year .
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3,604 | Charles Cabaniss ( October 14 , 1859 January 19 , 1882 ) was a midshipman in the United States Navy and early player of American football . Born and raised in Central Virginia , he was appointed to the United States Naval Academy at the age of 16 . At the academy , Cabaniss retained average level grades and was a member of the school 's first ever football team . He graduated in 1880 and was appointed to the USS Swatara . Cabaniss was killed in an accident on the Swatara in 1882 which received coverage throughout much of the Eastern United States . Life At the Naval Academy Cabaniss was born on October 14 , 1859 in Petersburg , Virginia . He grew up in Central Virginia until he was appointed to the United States Naval Academy at the age of sixteen years and eight months . He began classes at the academy on June 21 , 1876 and was the only member of his class from Virginia . Cabaniss was an average student while at the Naval Academy he finished 40th in his class of 69 in his second year , earning near top marks in drawing and mathematics but very low marks in history and French language . He also spent the mandatory two months and eighteen days at sea . Cabaniss had the fewest demerits of any member of his sophomore class and earned a spot on the academy 's summer cruise on the USS Constellation . Cabaniss 's academic rankings remained generally the same in his following year at the academy . His scores in drawing , mathematics , and physics were above average , while his merits in French language and history were among the worst . He finished 33rd in the class of 66 . He maintained his spot as the most disciplined in his class , earning fewer than half the demerits than the second best . Cabaniss finished his final year at the Naval Academy ranking 25th out of 61 graduates . The course requirements changed that year Cabaniss received poor marks in seamanship , tactics , naval tactics , astronomy , and French language , but very high marks in mathematics , electricity , and English composition courses . He maintained his good conduct , earning the second fewest demerits of any cadet . This earned him an appointment as a Cadet Ensign , a temporary position as an academy officer . That year , the academy fielded its first competitive football team . Although football had seen some popularity at the school , there had not been an organized effort to establish it . Two different teams were assembled in 1879 only first classmen ( final year students ) were allowed to join the teams . Cabaniss joined the second team as a rusher , the equivalent of a modern day offensive lineman . He played alongside future admiral Hugh Rodman and eventual Governor of Guam William John Maxwell . The academy 's team played one game , a scoreless tie with the nearby Baltimore Athletic Club . Navy 's rushers forced the Baltimore A.C. backwards into their own end zone for safeties on three separate occasions , and generally outplayed and overpowered their opponents the entire game . Swatara and death On June 10 , 1880 , Cabaniss graduated from the academy and was sent home to await his orders . He was assigned on August 17 of that year to the USS Swatara as a part of the Asiatic Squadron . For sixteen months , the ship was docked in Kobe , Japan , during which time Cabaniss earned himself a positive reputation with other sailors . Crew mates described him as always being happy , with an intimidating , six foot tall physique but a personality that did not match . His disciplined nature remained he reportedly was one of the best behaved sailors , who spent all of his time either carrying out his duties or practicing to be a better officer . Cabaniss was never admonished for shore misconduct , a considerable issue for most other new officers and sailors . He was reportedly a favorite of the superior officers stationed in Kobe , and was appointed to a spot on the admiral 's staff as a reward for his conduct . Cabaniss was preparing for an examination for promotion early in February 1882 . Cabaniss was killed in an accident on board the Swatara on January 19 , 1882 . An official report of the incident was released on March 25 of that year . According to the report , before noon exercises on board the ship had just been completed when an order was made to prepare rifles for target practice . At around ten in the morning , Cabaniss was assisting in the instruction of the ship 's second group of sailors when he broke off and entered the ship 's engine room to instruct a sailor on his duties . An experienced sailor , Ensign James P. Parker , was explaining to new sailors how to properly load their guns . He showed them how to load and discharge the weapons using a practice round . He then reloaded his gun with live rounds , but apparently forgot this and fired one of them . The bullet ricocheted off the ship 's deck , struck one of the guns , ricocheted off the deck again , and struck Cabaniss , killing him instantly . The ball first entered through his left arm , impacting it so strongly that it broke every bone in his elbow . It then entered his side , tearing his latissimus dorsi muscle went into his chest , severing every major artery ricocheted up to near his shoulder , exited his right side , and struck the man he was instructing in the shoulder . Cabaniss was reported to have never made a sound as he fell . The other sailor recovered . Cabaniss ' body was ordered to be embalmed but was not the damage to his body was so severe that the embalming fluid would leak out . His body was buried in Kobe on February 24 with military honors . The entire crew of the Swatara attended , as well as the entire crew of HMS Flying Fish and many noted Japanese citizens . Ensign Parker reportedly suffered from depression following the accident . Cabaniss ' death received significant media coverage in the Eastern United States . The New York Times published an article on its second page , and among other papers that carried the story were the Wilmington Morning Star and the Petersburg Index Appeal . Explanatory notes
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3,605 | The 1930 Salmas earthquake occurred on May 7 at 01 34 26 IRST in West Azerbaijan Province , Iran . The earthquake , which was among Iran 's largest , measured 7 . 1 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum Mercalli intensity of X ( Extreme ) . A damaging foreshock occurred fifteen hours prior to the main event and served as a warning to the people that felt it strongly . Reports from seismologists and seismological organizations indicate that up to 3 , 000 fatalities may have occurred in western Iran and eastern Turkey . Sixty villages ( including the large settlement of Dilman , which was relocated and rebuilt as Salmas ) were destroyed in the Salmas Plain and in the surrounding mountainous regions . A destructive aftershock sequence affected many villages , and in some cases , damage was inflicted on some that had escaped devastation during the mainshock . An inspection of the region was undertaken , but not until decades later , at which time substantial surface faulting and other ground effects were documented . Preface The epicentral area in the Salmas Plain covers 300 square kilometres ( 120 sq mi ) and is positioned northwest of Lake Urmia . This area had been inhabited primarily by Christians for about a thousand years prior to the event ( which was one of the strongest earthquakes to occur in Iran since 1900 ) . The mountainous areas surrounding the plain are extremely isolated with villages ( comprising mainly Kurdish people ) that are spread far apart . Montane villagers sustained themselves primarily on wheat and cattle farming . To the west , near the Turkish border , lies unk unk , a volcano that is the highest peak in the region . unk A relatively strong foreshock occurred at about 10 03 26 IRST on May 6 in the same area as the mainshock . This destructive event caused 25 fatalities and was felt as far as northwestern Azerbaijan and southeastern Turkey . Damage to adobe homes was substantial . Roofs and walls collapsed and in some instances whole homes were demolished . Many of the villagers in the valley spent the following night outdoors and were spared during the main event , but in the mountainous villages where the shock was not felt as strongly ( Shekar unk , unk , unk , unk , and others ) the population was not as concerned . Many slept indoors and this led to high casualties in those areas during the mainshock a little more than 15 hours later . Earthquake The earthquake was a result of oblique slip faulting , and was felt over a very wide area , from Leninakan in Armenia and Tbilisi in Georgia in the north , and Baghdad and Kirkuk in Iraq to the south . unk strike slip motion , along with dip slip motion ( normal faulting , northeast side down ) occurred on a fault trending west northwest . The United States ' National Geophysical Data Center lists 1 , 360 fatalities for the event , while the Belgian Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters ' EM DAT database and unk Melville 2005 both list 2 , 500 . unk Berberian 1974 , the USGS ' unk loss estimate database , and unk 2002 all state 2 , 514 . The unk list also acknowledges other estimates of 1 , 360 and 3 , 000 . Damage Sixty villages and about 40 churches were destroyed in the southwest Salmas Plain and the surrounding mountainous regions . In the zone of heaviest damage ( bounded by the villages of unk Shahr , unk and unk ) all the homes and all but one of the churches were destroyed . To the east of this area , the large village of Dilman reportedly had 1 , 100 casualties , but seismologists J. S. unk and M. Berberian questioned the reliability of this figure . In smaller villages , survivors provided an accurate count of those lost because they remembered the victims by name , but in a village of 18 , 000 , survivors were unable to grasp the extent of the losses . Only two homes remained standing there , and the village was renamed Salmas and moved to a new location to the west . The villages in the mountains to the south , west , and north of the Salmas Plain were generally smaller , and accounted for about half of the total number of villages that were lost . The foreshock was not felt at unk ( the westernmost village that was destroyed ) and the losses were high . The foreshock was also not strongly felt to the east of Lake Urmia ( and to the southwest of Tabriz ) where the village of unk was completely destroyed and 85 people were killed . Other nearby villages went almost unscathed , with the differing amounts of damage being attributed to soil type . Ground effects A post earthquake survey of the land was undertaken by seismologists N. N. unk and C. P. Melville , but it was not completed until the mid 1970s . At that time , 16 kilometres ( 9 . 9 mi ) of surface breaks with right lateral offsets between 1 4 metres ( 3 ft 3 in 13 ft 1 in ) were located between the villages of unk and unk Shahr . Substantial vertical movement of the west northwest trending fault was also seen , with even greater maximum displacements of 4 6 metres ( 13 20 ft ) , but the average vertical slip was about 1 . 2 metres ( 3 ft 11 in ) throughout the extent of the observed surface faulting . They estimated that about 30 kilometres ( 19 mi ) of visible fault breaks were present immediately following the shocks , but by the time they had completed their survey 45 years later about half of the surface features had succumbed to erosion . Other effects included disturbed stream and spring flow , water table fluctuations , and landslides . Aftershocks A series of strong and damaging aftershocks persisted for about three and a half months . The largest in the sequence came on May 8 . The event caused additional destruction to the northeast of the initial unk area . unk , which had been nearly destroyed by the mainshock , took another serious hit . Other villages ( unk , unk , Mir ' Umar , and unk ) also experienced major destruction . unk was a village in the southeast region that had not been seriously affected by the mainshock , but experienced heavy damage during the May 8 event .
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3,606 | Hurricane Floyd was the only hurricane to make landfall in the United States in the 1987 Atlantic hurricane season . The final of seven tropical storms and three hurricanes , Floyd developed on October 9 just off the east coast of Nicaragua . After becoming a tropical storm , it moved northward and crossed western Cuba . An approaching cold front caused Floyd to turn unexpectedly to the northeast , and late on October 12 it attained hurricane status near the Florida Keys . It moved through southern Florida , spawning two tornadoes and leaving minor damage . The hurricane also produced rip tides that killed a person in southern Texas . Floyd maintained hurricane status for only 12 hours before the cold front imparted hostile conditions and caused weakening . It passed through the Bahamas before becoming extratropical and later dissipating on October 14 . Meteorological history The origins of Hurricane Floyd were from a low pressure area in the Gulf of Honduras on October 5 . Over the subsequent few days , it drifted eastward and later southward to a position off the east coast of Nicaragua . On October 9 , a Hurricane Hunters flight confirmed the development of an organized circulation , which indicated that Tropical Depression Thirteen had developed . After continuing a southward drift , the depression turned to the north and later northwest due to a building ridge to its east . With an anticyclone aloft , the depression gradually organized , intensifying into Tropical Storm Floyd on October 10 . After reaching tropical storm status , Floyd accelerated to the north in the western Caribbean Sea , due to an approaching cold front . Steadily intensifying , the storm moved over extreme western Cuba early on October 12 . Initially it was forecast to make landfall between Naples and Fort Myers , Florida . Unexpectedly the storm turned sharply northeastward into the southeastern Gulf of Mexico . Based on reports from the Hurricane Hunters , Floyd briefly attained hurricane status on October 12 . Around the same time , the nearby cold front spawned a low pressure area that cut off the hurricane 's inflow . While moving through the Florida Keys , Floyd became the only hurricane to affect the United States that year . However , its convection was rapidly decreasing over the center due to the front , and shortly thereafter Floyd weakened to tropical storm status . The circulation became nearly impossible to track on satellite imagery , although surface observations indicated it passed just south of Miami , Florida . The storm underwent extratropical transition as it weakened over the Bahamas , and Floyd was no longer a tropical cyclone by late on October 18 . The circulation dissipated within the cold front early the next day . Preparations and impact Around when Floyd first attained tropical storm status , a tropical storm warning was issued for the Swan Islands as well as Grand Cayman . Shortly thereafter , a tropical storm warning and hurricane watch was issued for the northeast Yucatn Peninsula before the storm dropped heavy rainfall along the coast . A tropical storm warning and hurricane watch were also issued for Cuba west of Havana . In preparation for the storm , Cuban officials in Pinar del Ro Province evacuated 100 , 000 people , as well as 40 , 000 head of cattle . In addition , international flights were canceled for a day during Floyd 's passage . Despite passing over western Cuba as a tropical storm , Floyd left no serious damage or fatalities in the country . When Floyd was a tropical storm located over Cuba , the National Hurricane Center issued a hurricane warning for the Florida Keys as well as the southwest Florida coast to Venice . It was the first warning in the state related to the storm , and was issued due to the anticipated intensification to hurricane status as well as short notice . A tropical storm watch , and later warning , was issued for eastern Florida . After the track became more easterly , a hurricane warning was issued for southeastern Florida , as well as the northwestern Bahamas . Officials in southern Florida closed schools due to the storm , and a few flights were canceled at Miami International Airport . Roughly 100 F 4 and F16 fighter jets were transported out of Homestead Air Force Base to safer facilities . The American Red Cross opened 55 shelters in 10 Florida counties , housing about 2 , 000 people at some point , primarily in Lee County . People in the hurricane 's path prepared by purchasing supplies from supermarkets , gassing up their vehicles , and securing loose outside items . Floyd was the first named storm to strike southern Florida since Hurricane Bob in 1985 . While passing south of Florida , Floyd produced its strongest winds over water away and from land . The strongest wind in the Florida Keys was 59 mph ( 94 km h ) at Duck Key , although wind gusts were stronger . The Air Force station on Cudjoe Key reported an unofficial gust of 92 mph ( 152 km h ) . Rainfall directly from Floyd 's rainbands produced minimal rainfall less than 1 in ( 25 mm ) . However , the interaction between the hurricane and the approaching cold front produced much heavier rainfall . Precipitation reached as far north as Daytona , peaking at 10 . 07 in ( 256 mm ) in Fort Pierce . While bypassing the Florida Keys , Floyd spawned a waterspout that moved ashore in Rock Harbor . It damaged a few boats and homes . The hurricane produced rip tides as far west as the Texas coast , killing one person along South Padre Island . Across southern Florida , the hurricane left minor damage of around 500 , 000 ( 1987 USD ) , largely due to downed trees and power lines , as well as minor crop damage in Dade County . The rainfall flooded roads in southern Florida , which caused several vehicles to fail on the Florida Turnpike . After affecting Florida , Floyd caused minor wind damage in the Bahamas . In the country , the highest reported gust was 48 mph ( 77 km h ) at Freeport , Grand Bahama . Freeport International Airport reported sustained winds of 40 mph ( 64 km h ) from the remnants of Floyd .
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3,607 | Michael Lachanodrakon ( Greek unk died 20 July 792 ) was a distinguished Byzantine general and fanatical supporter of Byzantine Iconoclasm under Emperor Constantine V ( r . 741 775 ) . As a result of his iconoclast zeal , in 766 he rose to high office as governor of the Thracesian Theme , and instigated a series of repressive measures against iconophile practices , particularly targeting the monasteries . A talented general , he also led a series of campaigns against the Arabs of the Abbasid Caliphate before being dismissed from office in about 782 . Restored to imperial favour in 790 , he fell at the Battle of Marcellae against the Bulgars in 792 . Persecution of the iconophiles Nothing is known of Lachanodrakon 's origins and early life . He receives a very negative treatment in the historical sources , which were written after the final defeat of Byzantine Iconoclasm some refer to him solely as ho Drakon ( unk , the Dragon , alluding to his surname and the Biblical Beast ) . Their profoundly iconophile perspective means that reports of his actions , especially those relating to the suppression of icon worship , are potentially untrustworthy . At the Council of unk in 754 , Constantine V had declared the adoration of icons to be a heresy , and had thereby elevated iconoclasm to official imperial policy . No persecution of iconophiles was launched at first , but iconophile resistance grew , until from 765 on , Constantine began persecuting iconophiles , and especially monks . The discovery of a wide ranging iconophile plot against him involving some of the highest civil and military officials of the state in 766 provoked an extreme reaction . Patriarch Constantine II and other officials were deposed , jailed , publicly humiliated , and finally executed , replaced by new , uncompromisingly iconoclast officials . In addition , the veneration of sacred relics and prayers to the saints and the Virgin Mary were condemned . By 763 or 764 , according to the iconophile Life of St Stephen the Younger hagiography , Lachanodrakon had already distinguished himself by his iconoclast fervour . On the emperor 's orders , he led a group of soldiers on an invasion of the unk monastery on the Propontis , where he arrested 38 monks and subjected the remainder to various tortures and mutilations . After burning down the monastery , he took the 38 captives to Ephesus , where they were executed . In 766 767 , as part of the emperor 's reshuffle of the senior echelons of the Byzantine Empire , Lachanodrakon was rewarded with the important post of strategos ( military governor ) of the Thracesian Theme , and given the rank of patrikios and imperial protospatharios according to his seal . He soon began a harsh repression of the monasteries and iconophiles . According to Theophanes the Confessor , in 769 770 he summoned the monks and nuns of his theme to Ephesus , gathered them in the city 's unk and forced them to marry , threatening them with blinding and exile to Cyprus if they refused . Although many resisted and became martyrs in Theophanes 's words , many complied . Later reports of exiled monks in Cyprus becoming Arab captives seem to partly corroborate this story . Theophanes reports further that in 771 772 , Lachanodrakon dissolved all monasteries in the theme , confiscated and expropriated their property , and sent the proceeds to the emperor , who replied with a letter thanking him for his zeal . Lachanodrakon allegedly had relics , holy scriptures , and monks ' beards set on fire , killed or tortured those who venerated relics , and finally prohibited the tonsure . Although highly embellished , these reports probably reflect actual events . At any rate , by 772 , according to historian Warren Treadgold , Lachanodrakon seems to have succeeded in eradicating monasticism within his theme . Military activities Lachanodrakon was also a capable general , winning fame for his campaigns against the Abbasids on the Byzantine Empire 's eastern frontier . During the reign of Constantine V 's son Leo IV ( r . 775 780 ) he seems to have been the most prominent military commander , repeatedly leading expeditions comprising troops from several themes against the Arabs . The first such expedition occurred in 778 when , preempting an anticipated Arab raid , Lachanodrakon led a large army against Germanikeia . Although the city did not fall ( Theophanes claims that the Arab commander bribed Lachanodrakon ) , the Byzantine army defeated a relief force , plundered the region , and took many captives , mostly Jacobites , who were then resettled in Thrace . In 780 , Lachanodrakon ambushed and defeated an Arab invasion in the Armeniac Theme , killing the brother of the Arab commander Thumama ibn al Walid . The Arab historian al Tabari records that in 781 Lachanodrakon forced another Arab invasion , under ' Abd al Kabir , to withdraw without battle , although Theophanes ascribes the success to the sakellarios John . In 782 , however , he was defeated by the Arab general al unk during a large scale invasion led by the future caliph Harun al Rashid ( r . 786 809 ) , losing some 15 , 000 men according to Theophanes . In the aftermath of this defeat , and likely because of his iconoclast past , he was apparently removed from his command by the iconophile empress regent Irene of Athens . Lachanodrakon reappears in 790 , when the young emperor Constantine VI ( r . 780 797 ) conspired to overturn the tutelage of Irene . The general was sent by Constantine to the Armeniac Theme to secure the allegiance of its soldiers . Constantine succeeded in toppling his mother in December 790 it was probably then that Lachanodrakon was rewarded with the supreme non imperial title , that of magistros . According to the account of Theophanes , he participated in the imperial campaign against the Bulgars in 792 that led to the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Marcellae on 20 July , where he was killed . The history of John Skylitzes records his death in the Battle of unk , again against the Bulgars , in 813 , but this is clearly an error .
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3,608 | The West Cornwall Covered Bridge ( an earlier incarnation was known as the Hart Bridge ) is a wooden covered lattice truss bridge carrying the Sharon Goshen Turnpike over the Housatonic River in the town of Cornwall , Connecticut . Records indicate that a bridge may have been in place in this location as early as 1762 . A previous bridge was destroyed in the flood of 1837 and a new bridge was constructed in 1841 . This bridge would also be destroyed and the current bridge would be completed circa 1864 . Utilizing the central pier from the previous incarnation , despite the Town lattice being able to withstand the weight and single span , the bridge has two spans . The later addition of queen trusses and supports gives the bridge an unusual appearance . Modernization of the bridge in 1968 and 1973 has continued to let the bridge handle traffic . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 . History Located at the north south and east west roadway section of the riverside town of Cornwall , Connecticut , numerous bridges have been built at this location . As early as 1762 , a bridge may have been in service here . The lifespan of these bridges was not a long term one , for floods and ice would demolish them frequently . Peter Vermilyea , author of Hidden History of Litchfield County , states that wooden bridges had typical life spans of seven to ten years . Town records list expenditures for repair and placement . For many decades the current West Cornwall bridge was believed to have been constructed in 1841 , as a replacement for an earlier bridge that washed away in the flood of 1837 . The 1841 date was even included on the National Register of Historic Places nomination and was claimed to have been supervised by Ithiel Town himself . At least one , but possibly several incarnations of these earlier bridges were known as the Hart Bridge , after a settler of West Cornwall . Local tradition states that Selectman Marcus Smith traveled to North Adams , Massachusetts to choose the timber for the bridge . The 1841 bridge may have been overseen by Ithiel Town , but the current bridge dates to about 1864 according to research by Michael R. Gannett for the Cornwall Historical Society . The center pier which supports of the middle bridge was likely reused from the previous bridge . In 1968 , the State of Connecticut added the bridge to the state system and considered replacing it . A local committee in West Cornwall was created and organized to save the covered bridge , through their efforts the Connecticut Department of Transportation decided to renovate the bridge . The bridge was raised up an additional two feet and steel supports were inserted to support the roadway . In 1973 , the roadway was reinforced with the addition of a concealed steel deck to support the weight of traffic . This project would win the Federal Highway Administration 's award for outstanding historic preservation . Throughout its history , the bridge has endured against a series of disasters that threatened to demolish it . Flooding as a result of the 1938 New England hurricane and the flood of 1955 , caused by the combined effects of both Hurricane Connie and Hurricane Diane , threatened to wash the bridge away . In 1961 , a severe ice jam threatened to destroy the bridge , but the jam was successfully dynamited . The bridge also had to be repaired in 1945 after a 20 ton oil truck fell through the bridge floor . Description Constructed in 1864 , the West Cornwall covered bridge is 172 feet ( 52 m ) long , 15 feet ( 4 . 6 m ) wide and supports one lane of vehicle traffic for the Sharon Goshen Turnpike ( Connecticut Route 128 ) . The bridge 's Town lattice truss is constructed of red spruce timbers secured by treenails and the span is made of native oak . A secondary queen post truss was added to the bridge at a later date , with one source stating that this was in 1887 . The addition of the queen post truss was likely to stiffen the bridge because wooden trusses have a tendency to sag . Prior to 1946 , the bridge had a square port with a flat top , but this was modified to a gable roof which remains today . In 1957 , the bridge was painted red for the first time . The bridge consists of two spans , 64 . 1 feet and 81 . 10 feet , with a 3 . 2 feet gap between them . The combined trussed portions of the bridge are 149 . 1 feet long . The bridge 's Town lattice is an unusual design choice , but the later addition of the queen trusses are also unusual , resulting in a unique visual appearance by the bridge 's unequal spans . This gives the appearance of unk within the unk . Since the addition of the steel I beam flooring in 1973 , the trusses have supported nothing but themselves . The State of Connecticut 's lists the bridge as CT 1338 and the May 2012 inspection of the bridge found the deck and superstructure conditions to be satisfactory and condition of the substructure to be fair . The West Cornwall Covered bridge has been appraised as functionally obsolete . Significance The West Cornwall covered bridge is very significant and important as one of only three surviving covered bridges in the state of Connecticut . The bridge 's modification from the original Town lattice represents a unique design that is not repeated in either the Comstock 's Bridge or Bull 's Bridge . The covered bridge is perhaps best known for being featured on postcards of New England villages . Terry Miller and Ronald Knapp assert that Charles Ives passed by the bridge on the way to the Berkshires which inspired the third movement in the Three Places in New England . The bridge appeared in the opening scenes of the movie , Valley of the Dolls a 1967 American drama film based on the 1966 novel of the same name by Jacqueline Susann . This brief scene occurs near the 2 minute mark of the film , during the opening credits . The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 . Numerous photos , including photos from before the 20th century renovations , are contained in Connecticut and Rhode Island Covered Bridges .
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3,609 | The Baby Show is the ninth episode of the first season of the American television comedy series 30 Rock . It was written by co executive producer Jack Burditt and directed by Michael Engler . The episode originally aired on the National Broadcasting Company ( NBC ) in the United States on January 4 , 2007 . Guest stars in this episode include Katrina Bowden , Rachel Dratch , John Lutz , Bridget Moloney , Maulik Pancholy , Chris Parnell , Keith Powell , and Lonny Ross . In the episode , Cerie Xerox ( Bowden ) gets engaged so that she can be a young hot mom , causing Liz Lemon ( Tina Fey ) to think about marriage and having a family . Meanwhile , Jack Donaghy ( Alec Baldwin ) has trouble dealing with his own domineering mother , who wants to move in with him , and at the same time , Tracy Jordan ( Tracy Morgan ) becomes upset by Josh Girard 's ( Ross ) impression of him . The Baby Show received mixed reviews from television critics . According to the Nielsen ratings system , the episode was watched by 5 . 9 million households during its original broadcast , and received a 3 . 0 rating 7 share among viewers in the 18 49 demographic . Plot Cerie Xerox ( Katrina Bowden ) announces her engagement during a gathering for Jenna Maroney 's ( Jane Krakowski ) birthday , and says that she wants to be a young hot mom . Liz Lemon ( Tina Fey ) confronts her own marital and maternal status . She speaks with Jenna about this , and Jenna proceeds to tell all of the men in the office Frank Rossitano ( Judah Friedlander ) , James Toofer Spurlock ( Keith Powell ) , and J. D. Lutz ( John Lutz ) that Liz is looking for someone to get her pregnant . Later that day , Liz sees Cerie in the makeup department getting herself made up . Anna ( Bridget Moloney ) , the makeup artist has her baby at work with her . She asks Liz to hold the baby for a while , so Liz takes the baby for a stroll around the 30 Rock building . Suddenly she realizes that she is no longer in the building , but is now in her apartment . She hurries back to the office with the baby , and Pete Hornberger ( Scott Adsit ) fixes the situation . Meanwhile , Jack Donaghy ( Alec Baldwin ) is being harassed by his mother over the phone . She calls him repeatedly , with the intention of moving in with him . The situation causes him to exhibit some stress eating tendencies . At the same time , Tracy Jordan ( Tracy Morgan ) and Josh Girard ( Lonny Ross ) begin to hang out , but Tracy gets annoyed of Josh 's impression of him . He demands that Liz fire Josh , but she refuses , so instead she tries to fix the situation , but Tracy threatens to go to Jack if she does not . Josh tries to avoid getting in trouble by calling Tracy and impersonating Jack , and then calling Jack and impersonating Tracy . It is not long before he is caught and Jack and Tracy have their revenge on him . As part of his punishment , Jack forces Josh talk to his mother Every day , for the rest of your or her life . Production The Baby Show was written by co executive producer Jack Burditt and directed by Michael Engler . This was Burditt 's second writing credit , having written the episode Jack Meets Dennis , and was Engler 's first directed episode . The Baby Show originally aired on January 4 , 2007 on NBC as the ninth episode of the show 's first season and overall of the series . This was the first of several episodes to make reference to Liz 's desire to become a mother . This plot came to a head in the third season episode Do Over in which Liz attempts to adopt a child . Rachel Dratch , longtime comedy partner and fellow Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) alumna of series ' creator , executive producer and lead actress Tina Fey , the latter who was the show 's head writer from 1999 until 2006 , was originally cast to portray Jenna Maroney . Dratch played the role in the show 's original pilot , but in August 2006 , actress Jane Krakowski was announced as Dratch 's replacement . Executive producer Lorne Michaels announced that while Dratch would not be playing a series regular , she would appear in various episodes in a different role . In the pilot and in this episode , Dratch played Greta Johansen , the The Girlie Show 's cat wrangler . In this episode , Greta tells Liz Lemon that she would be interested in carrying her baby , after hearing that Liz was looking for someone to get her pregnant . Actor Chris Parnell appeared as Dr. Leo Spaceman in The Baby Show , in which Liz calls him for fertility purposes . Various other cast members of SNL have appeared on 30 Rock . These cast members include Fred Armisen , Kristen Wiig , Will Forte , Jason Sudeikis , Molly Shannon , Horatio Sanz , and Jan Hooks . Fey and Tracy Morgan have both been part of the main cast of SNL . Reception According to the Nielsen ratings system , The Baby Show was watched by 5 . 9 million households , the same as the previous week 's episode The Break Up , in its original American broadcast . It received a 3 . 0 rating 7 share among viewers in the 18 49 demographic . This means that it was seen by 3 . 0 percent of all 18 to 49 year olds , and 7 percent of all 18 to 49 year olds watching television at the time of the broadcast . IGN contributor Robert Canning said the episode had plenty of standout bits but that it represented a major flaw and perhaps in the program as a whole , citing that t here seems to be more of an emphasis on comedic ' bits ' rather than comedic ' situations , ' which doesn 't bode well for a situation comedy . He explained that The Baby Show in particular felt very disjointed , bouncing between jokes more than storylines . It even opened with a Jenna surprise birthday segment that was funny for what it was , but had absolutely nothing to do with the rest of the show . Canning gave the episode a 7 . 0 out 10 rating . TV Guide 's Matt Mitovich liked that Josh had a story in this episode , and said that his impression of Tracy was pretty good . He remarked that The Baby Show was a solid episode , if a bit too theme y for my broad sitcom liking .
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3,610 | L 'Histoire d 'une fe , c 'est ... ( English The Story of a Fairy Is ... ) is a 2001 song recorded by French singer songwriter Mylne Farmer . It was one of the singles from the soundtrack album for the film Rugrats in Paris The Movie ( known in France as Les unk Paris ) . Written by Farmer , with music composed by her long time songwriting collaborator Laurent Boutonnat , the song was released on 27 February 2001 . The song deals with Melusine the fairy 's life , with lyrics which seem to be innocent and childish but in fact use many double entendres and puns which refer to sexual practices . Although it had no promotion from the singer , no music video and no regular broadcast on radio , the song managed to reach the top ten in France and in Belgium . Background and writing Rugrats in Paris The Movie was the second in a trilogy of films based on the children 's animated television series Rugrats , which features the adventures of a group of toddlers . After filming , the producers wanted to record a soundtrack for the movie with mainly French songs , as well as a few in English . Several singers were contacted , including TLC member Tionne Watkins , the 1990s boys band unk , Sinad O 'Connor , Cyndi Lauper and Mylne Farmer . Persistent but unconfirmed rumours claimed that Madonna , as the founder of the Maverick company producing the soundtrack , had expressly asked Farmer to participate in the album . Farmer accepted , but preferred to produce a new song instead of licensing the rights to one of her old compositions . The recording label Maverick signed a contract for an unreleased song , with lyrics written by Farmer and music composed by her songwriting partner Laurent Boutonnat . This was the first time that the singer had recorded a song especially for a movie . An English version was canceled in favour of a French version , and eventually the song only played for about 15 seconds in the movie . The first title chosen , unk moi , was also quickly abandoned as it was too similar to the Pokmon 's cry of unk les tous . Music and lyrics L 'Histoire d 'une fe , c 'est ... is a synthpop song . It tells the story of a mischievous and malicious fairy , unk , here embodied by Farmer . Lyrically , the song uses words referring to magic , baffling several of Farmer 's fans as the lyrics seem to be closer to the themes found in songs by young singers such as Alize . The lyrics also contain several double entendres and puns which refer to sexual practices . The song 's title itself is ambiguous and can be deemed sexually suggestive as it contains a pun in French alluding to spanking in French , the title L 'Histoire d 'une fe , c 'est ... could be phonetically understand as meaning L 'Histoire d 'une unk ... ( translation The Story of a Spanking ) . Release In Europe the soundtrack release was postponed until 7 February 2001 because Farmer had bought the song 's royalties and finally decided to release it as a single , 14 days later . It was only released as a digipack CD single , in which the song 's lyrics are written inside , and there was no promotional format . For the second time in the singer 's career after the song XXL the single cover does not show her , but a drawing of a fairy from the film by Tom Madrid . The song began circulating online a month before the soundtrack 's release and was well received by many fans who felt that it could be a hit . The song did not receive much radio airplay , with only Europe 2 playing it regularly . L 'Histoire d 'une fe , c 'est ... was also released on the soundtrack of the film in a longer version than the CD single version , and was later included on Mylne Farmer 's greatest hits album Les Mots . It was also released as the third track on the European CD maxi Les Mots , released in the Switzerland on 4 September 2002 . Critical reception The song was generally well received by critics , who particularly noted the puns . According to author Erwan Chuberre , the lyrics are as funny as disillusioned and Farmer uses puns that highlight her immoderate pleasure for impolite pleasures , with a music he deemed effective . Author Thierry unk said that the song appears to be a childish fairly tale , but is actually structured in a perverse enough way to address the adult public , as the allusions to the spanking can be seen as references to sadomasochism . Journalist Benot Cachin wrote that her puns are of the funniest and that the singer included in the lyrics some very personal thoughts , including sadness he added that Farmer appears to be fun , dynamic and delightfully mischievous on this song . Chart performances On 3 March 2001 , the single debuted at a peak of number nine on the French SNEP Singles Chart , providing Farmer her 22nd top ten hit . In the following weeks , the song fell steadily and remained in the top 50 for nine weeks and a total of 15 weeks on the chart . This chart performance was surprising given that the song was aired little on radio , the film met a mixed commercial success in France and there was no music video , no promotion on television , and only one format . According to Instant Mag the beauty of the single 's cover undoubtedly helped increase sales . In Belgium , the single started at number 23 on 15 March 2001 , climbed to number 11 , then peaked at number 10 . Thereafter , it dropped and fell off the Ultratop 50 after 13 weeks . On the 2001 Belgian singles year end chart , L 'Histoire d 'une fe , c 'est ... ranked at number 89 . Formats and track listings These are the formats and track listings of single releases of L 'Histoire d 'une fe , c 'est ... CD single unk Official versions Credits and personnel These are the credits and the personnel as they appear on the back of the single Mylne Farmer lyrics Laurent Boutonnat music , producer John Eng artistic director Gena unk stylist Tom Madrid drawings Requiem Publishing editions Polydor recording company Henry Neu design Bertrand unk mixing Charts Release history
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3,611 | Shelley Chaplin ( born 4 September 1984 ) is an Australian 3 . 5 point player wheelchair basketball player . She participated in the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens , where she won a silver medal in the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing , where she won a bronze medal , and the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London , where she won a second silver medal , a win she dedicated to her lifelong friend Shannon . Chaplin began playing wheelchair basketball in 1999 , after initially contemplating developing her archery skills , and made her debut in the Women 's National Wheelchair Basketball League ( WNWBL ) in 2000 . She was part of the WNWBL championship Dandenong Rangers sides in 2011 and 2012 . She was first selected for the Australia women 's national wheelchair basketball team , known as the Gliders , in 2001 , and first represented Australia in 2002 , winning a bronze medal as part of the team at the 2002 World Wheelchair Basketball Championship . She played for the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign wheelchair basketball team , and was named an All American in the 2006 07 season . Her team won the national championships in 2009 . Personal Nicknamed unk , Chaplin was born in Bendigo , Victoria , on 4 September 1984 , with incomplete paraplegia . She grew up in Bendigo , and went to Girton Grammar School . In 2010 , she graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign with a Bachelor of Science degree in Recreation , Sport and Tourism . After completing her studies at the University of Illinois Chaplin took up a position at Australian Broadcasting Corporation . At the ABC Chaplin was a Production Assistant on Adam Hills Tonight in 2013 and unk and unk in 2014 . Basketball A 3 . 5 point player , Chaplin began playing wheelchair basketball in 1999 . In financial year 2012 2013 , the Australian Sports Commission gave her a A 20 , 000 grant as part of their Direct Athlete Support program . She received 20 , 000 in 2012 13 , 17 , 000 in 2011 12 and 2010 11 , 5 , 571 . 42 in 2009 10 and 5 , 200 in 2008 09 . Club Chaplin made her debut in the Women 's National Wheelchair Basketball League ( WNWBL ) in 2000 when she played for the Whittlesea Pacers . She played for the Dandenong Rangers in 2011 when her team won the WNWBL title , and in 2012 was the captain of the Victoria Dandenong Rangers . In a round four game against Sydney Uni Flames that the Rangers won 55 44 , she scored 22 points . Her team qualified for the league finals , where she scored 16 points in the game against the Stacks Goudkamp Bears for her team to walk away as champions by a score of 77 54 . That season , she was named the league 's Most Valuable 3 Point Player and a member of the 2012 All Star Five . University Chaplin played for the University of Illinois Wheelchair Basketball team in the country 's first division . In 2006 07 , she was coached by Mike Frogley , and was the team 's starting point guard . Early in the 2006 07 season , her wheelchair broke and she had to play in one that was not hers . After three games played in the borrowed chair , she had bloody and bruised knees . She was named an All American in the 2006 07 season . In two games that Chaplin 's team won against RIC Express and the University of Alabama in December 2006 , she scored 35 total points , made 13 rebounds and 7 assists . She was named the Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) of the series . Her team finished that series with a record of 10 0 . In a January 2009 game against 7th ranked Alabama that her team won 52 47 , she scored 22 points . The game was part of a tournament where her team also defeated Oklahoma State University 53 49 , and the University of Missouri , 48 27 . That season , her team won the national championships after defeating the Phoenix Mercury 53 36 in the championship game . In 2007 08 , Chaplin 's team won the national championship and she was named the tournament 's MVP . In the team 's 44 43 victory over the University of Alabama , she scored 12 points . That year , she was a junior and played point guard for the team . Her team played against a number of men 's teams during that season . In January 2008 , the team lost three games to men 's teams , including a 61 41 loss to Southwest Minnesota State where she scored 14 points , a 54 35 loss to unk where she scored 10 points in a 74 20 loss to Wisconsin Whitewater . In April 2010 , Chaplin was named the First Team All Tournament at the national championships . For the 2009 10 season , she was also named the University of Illinois Women 's Wheelchair Basketball Player of the Year . National team Chaplin was first selected for the Australia women 's national wheelchair basketball team , known as the Gliders , in 2001 , and first represented Australia in 2002 , winning a bronze medal as part of the team at the 2002 World Wheelchair Basketball Championship . Chaplin was part of the Gliders team at the 2010 IWBF World Championships where her team came fourth , and the team that won the Osaka Cup in Japan in 2008 , 2009 and 2010 . In February 2013 , she was captain of the Gliders at the Osaka Cup , where the Gliders successfully defended the title they had won in 2012 . Chaplin was named MVP of the tournament . Paralympics Chaplin was part of the Gliders at the 2004 Athens , 2008 Beijing , and 2012 London Paralympics , and won two silver medals , in 2004 and 2012 , and a bronze medal in 2008 as part of the team . Chaplin competed with the Gliders at the 2012 Summer unk the group stage , the Australia women 's national wheelchair basketball team at the 2012 Summer Paralympics posted wins against Brazil , Great Britain , and the Netherlands , but lost to the Canada . This was enough to advance the Gliders to the quarter finals , where they beat Mexico . The Gliders then defeated the United States by a point to set up a final clash with Germany . In the gold medal game , the Gliders lost 44 58 , and earned a silver medal . She scored 8 points in the game , in which she played 26 58 minutes . Statistics
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3,612 | Espantito ( Spanish for Little Terror or Little Scare born April 24 , 1968 ) is the ring name of a Mexican luchador enmascarado , or masked professional wrestler working in the Mini Estrella ( Mini Star ) division . Working in the Mini Estrella division does not automatically mean that unk has Dwarfism as several wrestlers who are just shorter in stature work in the Mini division . Espantito 's real name is not a matter of public record , as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans . Espantito made his professional wrestling debut in 1993 and was allowed to use a version of the Espanto mask and name with permission of the only surviving Espanto , Espanto III . He has worked primarily on the Mexican independent circuit but has also worked for Asistencia Asesora y Administracin ( AAA ) , one of Mexico 's largest professional wrestling promotions . Personal life The man only known as Espantito ( Spanish for Little Terror or Little Scare ) was born on April 25 , 1968 in Torren , Coahuila , Mexico . Growing up in Torren he became a wrestling fan at a young age , often watching local wrestlers Espanto II and Espanto III wrestle in his home town . In a 1999 interview he remarked that while his friends would cheer the tcnicos ( the faces , those that portray the good guys ) while he personally always favored the unk ( those that portray the bad guys , also known as Heels ) . While he wanted to become a luchador , it was hard for him to find a trainer willing to train someone of his diminutive stature , standing only 151 cm ( 4 ft 11 in ) in his teens . Classified as a Mini Estrella While the wrestler known as Espantito is known as a Mini Estrella ( Mini Star ) it does not indicate that Espantito has Dwarfism . Unlike Midget professional wrestling where all competitors are under the height of 147 cm ( 4 ft 10 in ) , Mini Estrellas are often wrestlers of shorter stature such as Espantito at 160 cm ( 5 ft 3 in ) , but not true Little People in a medical sense . Professional wrestling career Due to the secretive culture around masked wrestlers in Lucha libre Espantito 's real name is not a matter of common knowledge , nor has it been revealed if he worked under a different ring name before he made his in ring debut as Espantito . It has been confirmed that Espantito trained in his native Torren , Coahuila under the tutelage of Edgardo Cisneros Daz , better known as Espanto II and also received further training from Indio unk . In the early 1990s the Mini Estrella concept was introduced in Mexico , featuring not just Midget professional wrestling but also wrestlers who were short in stature . A lot of these new Mini Estrellas used the same ring character as regular sized wrestlers such as Octagoncito being a smaller version of Octagn . Due to his short stature , 160 cm ( 5 ft 3 in ) , the future Espantito became a natural fit in the Mini Estrellas division and was given permission by his trainer to start working as a smaller version of Los unk ( The unk ) and became known as El Espantito , wearing the signature black mask with a white cross on it popularized by Espanto I , Espanto II and Espanto III as well as the same black and white ring gear of the originals . As Espantito he was one of the first competitors in the newly created Asistencia Asesora y Administracin 's ( AAA ) Mini Estrella division . Most of AAA 's Mini Estrella division consisted of unk that had followed AAA founder Antonio Pea from Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre ( CMLL ) , where some of the Mini Estrellas changed their name and mask due to the larger version of the character not jumping to AAA at the time . One example was Super unk , who was working as unk Azteca in CMLL , but had to change his name as ngel Azteca did not unk CMLL . It has not been revealed if unk also worked in the CMLL Mini Estrella division at the time of the AAA unk . For a short while Espantito was teamed up with a wrestler working as Espantito II , but Espantito II was only used for a few matches in 1993 . Despite working for AAA for several years he never made an appearance on one of their major shows , despite the Mini Estrella division being featured on several , even headlined some shows . In 1999 Espantito once again briefly teamed up with a wrestler working as Espantito II , although it is unclear if it was the same worker under the mask than six years prior . By the late 1990s Espantito left AAA and began working primarily on the Mexican Independent circuit , often touring with a troupe of Mini Estrellas such as Octagoncito , unk Morgan and unk . The group toured the U.S. , working for various National Wrestling Alliance ( NWA ) promotions as well as showcasing lucha libre and the Mini Estrella style throughout the south west . On September 20 , 2009 Espantito wrestled Octagoncito for the vacant NWA World Midget 's Championship on a Pro Wrestling Revolution ( PWR ) show , which saw Octagoncito win the match and the championship . The troupe of Mini Estrellas would continue to ue the NWA World Midget 's Championship as part of their shows , promoting matches where Octagoncito would defend the championship against Espantito . Later on when Pro Wrestling Revolution split from the NWA the championship was re branded the PWR World Midget 's Championship , with Octagoncito defending it on occasion against unk in various southern states of the United States . Legal rights to the Espanto name While several wrestlers have used the Espanto name of the years , El Hijo del Espanto I claims to currently have full rights to the use of the name Espanto in Lucha Libre , though his claim to the name does not seem all inclusive as CMLL has Espanto Jr. on their roster . It is unclear if Espantito legally owns the name , or if that was what prevented the Espantito II name from being used more than once or twice . In wrestling Finishing moves Plancha ( slingshot crossbody ) Signature moves Plancha unk ( Diving slingshot outside the ring )
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3,613 | 575 is a song recorded by Japanese recording girl group Perfume for their third studio album , JPN ( 2011 ) . It was written , composed , arranged , and produced by Japanese musician and Capsule member Yasutaka Nakata . The song was included as a B side track for the group s single , Voice . It was also released exclusively to Uta stores in Japan on July 14 , 2010 . Musically , 575 was described as a mellow Japanese pop song . It marks the first time that the group perform in a rap structure , delivered after the first chorus . Upon its release , the track garnered positive reviews from music critics , who praised the song s composition and the rap delivery . Due to the song being released digitally and as a B side to Voice , it was ruled ineligible to chart on Japan s Oricon Singles Chart . However , it peaked at number 73 on Billboard 's Japan Hot 100 chart , and number four on the RIAJ Digital Track Chart . It was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan ( RIAJ ) for cellphone purchases of 100 , 000 units . A music video was originally to debut on their JPN tour in 2012 , but the idea was scrapped . Instead , it was included on the live DVD . Background and composition 575 was written , composed , arranged , and produced by Japanese musician and Capsule member Yasutaka Nakata . Alongside this , it was recorded , mixed , and mastered by him . The song was recorded in 2010 at Contemode Studios , Shibuya , Tokyo by Nakata . It was selected as a B side track to Voice , the second single to the groups album JPN ( 2011 ) . It also appeared on the album , listed at number 9 on the track list . The instrumental version appeared on the CD single and digital EP for the Voice single . The song was released exclusively to Uta stores in Japan on July 14 , 2010 . Musically , the song has been described as a mellow Japanese pop song . It marks the first time that the group perform in a rap structure , delivered after the first chorus . Throughout a majority of the song , the girl s vocals are heavily processed with post production tools such as vocoder and autotune . Only two English phrases are used in the song these being the lyrics , Give it up and Good night . Japanese music editor Random J reviewed the album on his personal blog , and commented about the songs composition , ' 575 ' is Perfume 's equivalent of a slow jam ... And the girls even spit some bars on it . Ian Martin from The Japan Times described the songs composition as , a curiously mellow take on the 1990s ballad rap hybrid J pop formula . Perfume stated together that they were very surprised , yet very anxious about the rap section . Critical response 575 received favorable reviews from most music critics . Japanese music editor Random J reviewed the song on his personal blog , and gave it a positive remark . He described it as a really nice , spaced out , mellow song . Regarding the song s rap section , he commented Their flow won 't have Jay Z throwing in the towel , but they sound a damn earshot better than most dudes in the rap game right now . A staff editor from CD Journal gave the song a positive review . They compared the composition and delivery to the groups song Macaroni , from their 2008 debut album Game . The reviewer praised the groups brave vocal delivery . Another editor from the same publication reviewed the album , and gave it a positive review . The reviewer complimented the song 's rap section and praised the new grounded compositions . Ian Martin from The Japan Times gave the song a mixed review despite his appreciate of the slow composition , he criticized , in general , the lack of creativity and invention through the second half of the album and felt these factors were presented throughout other projects by Nakata apart from Perfume . Commercial performance Due to the song being released digitally and as a B side to Voice , it was ineligible to chart on Japan s Oricon Singles Chart because it does not count digital sales . However , it managed to chart on other record charts in Japan . It peaked at number 73 on Billboard 's Japan Hot 100 chart and is the highest charting non single track from JPN . It then charted on the RIAJ Digital Track Chart , peaking at number four and was the groups highest charting single on there . The song was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan ( RIAJ ) for cell phone purchases of up to 100 , 000 units . In conjunction with the sales of Voice and 575 on the CD Single , it was certified gold by the RIAJ for physical shipments of 100 , 000 units in Japan . Music video and live performances A music video was used as a backdrop projection for their Tokyo dome 2010 tour unk , projected on all the screens . Instead , it was released on the limited edition DVD . It featured the girls singing the song in front of the songs title . Inter cut scenes of the live performance , and the girls getting ready for the show , were included in the video . The song has been performed on one concert tour , and has appeared on one commercial in Japan . The song was used as the theme song for the KDDI Light Pool commercial in Japan . Japanese rapper , Kreva , performed a cover version of the song on Music Japan Broadcast in early 2011 . The song was performed on their 2010 Tokyo Dome concert tour , where it was included during the second segment . It was included on the live DVD , released on February 9 , 2011 . The performance included the girls dancing around geometrical shapes and was positively received from music critics . Yuki unk from Hot Express complimented the girls performance , alongside the stage production of the segment . The song was included on the group 's compilation box set , Perfume Complete LP Box ( 2016 ) . Credits and personnel Details adapted from the liner notes of the JPN album . Ayano moto vocals Yuka Kashino vocals Ayaka Nishiwaki vocals Yasutaka Nakata producer , composer , arranger , mixing , mastering . Chart and certifications Release history
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3,614 | Delaware Route 41 ( DE 41 ) is a highway in northwestern New Castle County , Delaware . Its southern terminus is at DE 2 and DE 62 in Prices Corner . From DE 2 , the road passes through suburban areas along Newport Gap Pike , intersecting DE 34 in Brandywine Springs and DE 48 in Hockessin . Its northern terminus is the Pennsylvania state line just north of Hockessin , and it continues on as Pennsylvania Route 41 ( PA 41 ) to Gap . DE 41 was originally chartered as the Gap and Newport Turnpike in the 19th century . In the 1920s and 1930s , this road was upgraded to a state highway . DE 41 was designated by 1936 to run from U.S. Route 40 ( US 40 , now DE 9 DE 273 ) in New Castle north to the Pennsylvania border in Hockessin . In the 1950s , DE 141 became concurrent with the route from New Castle to north of Newport . DE 41 was removed from the DE 141 concurrency in the 1970s and was realigned to follow DE 2 east to an interchange with DE 141 in the 1980s , with the old alignment south of DE 2 becoming DE 62 . In 2015 , the southern terminus was cut back to its current location , removing the concurrency with DE 2 . Route description DE 41 begins at an intersection with DE 2 in Prices Corner , heading northwest along Newport Gap Pike . South of DE 2 , Newport Gap Pike continues southeast as DE 62 . DE 41 is a two lane divided highway before it crosses the Wilmington and Western Railroad and the Red Clay Creek . The route becomes an undivided road and continues through a mix of residential neighborhoods and woodland . The road comes to an intersection with DE 34 ( Faulkland Road ) in Brandywine Springs . Past this junction , DE 41 continues northwest , with stretches alternating between divided and undivided highway , towards Hockessin . In Hockessin , DE 41 meets the western terminus of DE 48 ( Lancaster Pike ) , onto which it merges . The Lancaster Pike alternates between a divided highway and a two lane undivided road . DE 41 turns to the west northwest and passes to the northeast of the Sanford School unk it enters business areas and becomes a three lane divided highway with one northbound lane and two southbound lanes . The median turns into a center left turn lane as the road runs past more development and crosses the Wilmington and Western Railroad again . The southbound direction narrows to one lane at the Yorklyn Road intersection . The road briefly becomes a divided highway at the Valley Road junction . After leaving the center of Hockessin , the route becomes a three lane undivided road , with two northbound lanes and one southbound lane . The road passes homes , eventually narrowing back to two lanes . DE 41 reaches the Pennsylvania border , where Gap Newport Pike continues northwest as PA 41 . DE 41 has an annual average daily traffic count ranging from a high of 20 , 665 vehicles at the Yorklyn Road intersection to a low of 12 , 611 vehicles at the unk Church Road intersection . The entire length of DE 41 is part of the National Highway System . History What is now DE 41 was originally chartered as the Gap and Newport Turnpike on January 30 , 1808 , an extension of the 1807 chartered turnpike in Pennsylvania that was to run from Gap , Pennsylvania southeast to Newport , Delaware . By 1920 , this road was maintained by the county . The road north of Lancaster Pike was proposed as a state highway four years later . A year later , a state highway was completed on what would become DE 41 between New Castle and Prices Corner . Plans were underway in 1927 to replace the outdated swing bridge over the Christina River in Newport . Contracts for this project were awarded the following year . The replacement bridge over the Christina River , a bascule bridge , opened on December 1 , 1929 . In 1927 , plans were made to replace the grade crossing at the Pennsylvania Railroad line ( now Amtrak 's Northeast Corridor ) in Newport with an underpass under the tracks . Work on this underpass began in 1929 . The crossing under the Pennsylvania Railroad was finished and opened to traffic in June 1930 . In 1929 , the Gap Road was upgraded to a state highway . DE 41 was designated to run from US 40 ( now DE 9 DE 273 ) in New Castle north to PA 41 at the Pennsylvania border in Hockessin by 1936 . It followed Basin Road north to Newport , James Street through Newport , and the Newport Gap Pike north of there . By 1952 , DE 141 was designated to run concurrent with DE 41 from New Castle to north of Newport . In 1954 , plans were made to replace the intersection with US 13 US 40 in Basin Corner with a modified cloverleaf interchange in an effort to reduce traffic congestion . Construction on the interchange began in September of that year . The interchange between US 13 US 40 and DE 41 DE 141 was completed in 1956 . In April 1954 , work began to improve DE 41 between the DE 48 intersection and the Pennsylvania border . These improvements constructed a bypass of Hockessin and added truck lanes on steep grades . This project was scheduled for completion in July 1955 . The new northbound lanes of DE 41 DE 141 through the I 95 interchange opened in November 1962 , at which point construction on the southbound lanes began . The southbound lanes of DE 41 DE 141 opened in June 1964 , enabling directional flow of DE 41 DE 141 through the interchange . The southern terminus of DE 41 was truncated to DE 141 north of Newport by 1971 , eliminating the concurrency with that route . By 1981 , DE 41 was realigned to follow DE 2 to end at an interchange with DE 141 , with DE 62 being designated along the former DE 41 south of DE 2 . In 2015 , the Delaware Department of Transportation proposed cutting back the southern terminus of DE 41 from the interchange with DE 141 to the intersection with DE 2 and Newport Gap Pike , eliminating the concurrency with DE 2 . This change was made in order to reduce sign clutter and also reduce truck traffic along the southern portion of DE 41 . A public workshop on the proposal was held and changes were made in summer 2015 . Major intersections The entire route is in New Castle County .
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3,615 | The 1990 Andhra Pradesh cyclone or the 1990 Machilipatnam Cyclone was the worst disaster to affect Southern India since the 1977 Andhra Pradesh cyclone . The system was first noted as a depression on May 4 , 1990 , while it was located over the Bay of Bengal about 600 km ( 375 mi ) to the southeast of Chennai , India . During the next day the depression intensified into a cyclonic storm and started to intensify rapidly , becoming a super cyclonic storm early on May 8 . The cyclone weakened slightly before it made landfall on India about 300 km ( 190 mi ) to the north of Madras in the Andhra Pradesh state as a very severe cyclonic storm with winds of 165 km h ( 105 mph ) . While over land the cyclone gradually dissipated . The cyclone had a severe impact on India , with over 967 people reported to have been killed . Over 100 , 000 animals also died in the cyclone with the total cost of damages to crops estimated at over 600 million ( 1990 USD ) . Meteorological history On May 4 , 1990 the India Meteorological Department ( IMD ) reported that a depression had developed over the Bay of Bengal about 600 km ( 375 mi ) to the southeast of Chennai , India . During that day the system gradually developed further and became the subject of a tropical cyclone formation alert , by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center as it moved westwards under the influence of the subtropical ridge of high pressure . The depression subsequently intensified into a cyclonic storm early the next day , before the JTWC initiated advisories on the system and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 02B later that day . At this stage the JTWC only expected the cyclone to intensify marginally , before it weakened as it made landfall in Southern India within 72 hours . During May 6 , the system started to move more towards the north west because of a weakness in the subtropical ridge , as it continued to intensify and became a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm . This turn towards the northwest turned out to be more northerly than had been expected , which as a result allowed the system to stay offshore for longer than had been expected by the JTWC . Over the next couple of days the system rapidly intensified before the JTWC reported early on May 8 , that the system had peaked with 1 minute sustained windspeeds of 230 km h ( 145 mph ) , which made the system equivalent to a category 4 hurricane on the Saffir Simpson hurricane wind scale . At around the same time the IMD also reported that the cyclone had peaked as a Super Cyclonic Storm , with 3 minute sustained wind speeds of 235 km h ( 145 mph ) and an estimated central pressure of 920 hPa ( 27 . 17 inHg ) . By this time the system was located about 150 km ( 95 mi ) to the northeast of Madras and was moving northwards slowly . Later that day as the ship unk moved through the systems eye region , it measured a central pressure of 912 hPa ( 26 . 93 inHg ) , which the IMD reported would be one of the lowest central pressures ever measured in the Bay of Bengal if it was correct . The system subsequently started to weaken and had become a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm by the time it made landfall during May 9 , near the mouth of the Krishna River in southern Andhra Pradesh . The system subsequently moved north westwards and gradually weakened further , before it was last noted during May 11 , by both the IMD and JTWC . Preparations , impact and aftermath Preparations As a result of timely warnings issued by the IMD , the Indian government was able to launch an evacuation campaign and order that all fisherman return to shore . This led to more than 150 , 000 people being evacuated to relief camps which had been set up on higher ground . Due to the thorough preparations , there was fewer deaths than in the 1977 Andhra Pradesh cyclone . Impact On unk Island over 7 , 000 people were left stranded after they refused to evacuate . The island itself was reported to have experienced the full brunt of the system . However , all of the residents reportedly sought protection within a shelter provided by the government . The cyclone had a significant effect on India , with storm surge tides as high as 4 . 9 meters ( 16 ft ) above normal . Consequently , over 100 villages were submerged in water and destroyed . At least 967 people were killed by the cyclone most of the deaths occurred when houses made mostly out of mud and straw collapsed . Other people were killed when electrical wires were knocked down and while some people were carried away by flooded rivers . The storm left at least 3 million people homeless , while over 100 , 000 farm animals were killed . At least 435 , 000 acres ( 1 , 760 km2 ) of rice paddies were destroyed along with huge tracts of mango and banana trees . The total damage to crops and property was estimated at over 600 million ( 1990 USD ) . The cyclone was described as the worst disaster in southern India since the 1977 storm . Sea water contaminated fresh drinking wells , prompting warnings about outbreaks of Cholera and Typhoid as many people were drinking and cooking with water from the drains which was causing stomach disorders . Tamil Nadu Overall the cyclone only caused minor damage to Tamil Nadu with the worst affected area being the district of Chingleput , where one of the old shrines of unk Temple collapsed as high waves hit the coast . A large number of huts were also washed away by the waves , while six deaths were reported in the state . Andhra Pradesh Aftermath On May 11 , two days after the cyclone had hit , the Indian Government launched a massive relief and rescue operation . The Indian Army and Naval helicopters took surveys of areas affected by the cyclone , and also dropped food packets . Although the Indian Government did not request international assistance , the Red Cross provided food , oil , medicines and water tanks for the affected families the unk unk issued an appeal for 262 thousand ( 1990 USD ) so they could provide immediate needs with World Vision providing 160 thousand ( 1990 USD ) for food blankets and utensils .
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3,616 | Freedom is a song by Trinidadian recording artist Nicki Minaj , for the reissue of her second studio album Pink Friday Roman Reloaded , subtitled The Re Up ( 2012 ) . It was written by Minaj , Matthew Burnett , and Matthew Samuels . Production was helmed by Samuels under his stage name Boi 1da . The song was released for digital download by Cash Money Records in the US and Canada on November 2 , 2012 and in other countries on November 6 , 2012 . It was serviced to US urban radio on November 27 and to mainstream radio in the United Kingdom the following day . Freedom is a downtempo hip hop and R B song that features a sonically breezy soundscape , complied with ambient riffs , pop inspired synths , and soft pop choruses . To promote the song , an accompanying music video for the song was released on November 15 , 2012 . It was shot mainly in black and white , and features Minaj in a variety of scenes such as a deserted area with a boat , dressed as a Queen on a throne , and is interspersed with scenes of nature . The song peaked at number 17 on the UK R B Chart , number 23 on the US Rap Songs , and number 31 on the US Hot R B Hip Hop Songs . Freedom was promoted with several live performances , most notably the American Music Awards of 2012 . Background In September 2012 , Minaj announced the reissue of Pink Friday Roman Reloaded , subtitled The Re Up , containing an additional disc with eight newly recording songs and an exclusive behind the scenes DVD to supplement the standard edition of the original album . Minaj commented at the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards , I 'm putting lots of new songs on there and I 'm actually going to drop my new single like next week . unk , you are gonna spaz . You are gonna love it . You are gonna go crazy Production of the project was a main focus on Minaj 's three part E special , Nicki Minaj My Truth , which aired in November 2012 . On On Air with Ryan Seacrest , Minaj stated that I feel like the music is such a better representation of me where I am now as an artist in my career . As long as people can hear the music , I 'm good . Composition and critical reception Musically , Freedom is a hip hop and R B song that follows a similar style to other Minaj songs heard on her debut album , Pink Friday . The song features street slang bravado and venomous rapping in the verses with thin , fragile vocals over unk soft pop choruses . The instrumentation in Freedom mixes together smooth ambient riffs , pop inspired crystal clear synthesizers , and a smooth R B beat , creating a sonically breezy soundscape . Lyrically , Minaj is still confrontational yet reflective , talking about her life in the spotlight and rise to fame . In the lyrics , Minaj states how other rappers in the competition will never thank her for opening the doors for them , and how they don 't even thank their creator Jesus Christ for helping them get far , saying They 'll never thank me for opening doors But they ain 't even thank Jesus when he died on the cross ' Cause your spirit is ungrateful , bitches is so hateful , I remain a staple . Charley Rogulewski of Vibe said The old Nicki Minaj is back on her latest track Freedom . , while going onto note the songs dreamy production and compared it to Right Thru Me , Your Love and Save Me off her debut album . Entertainment Weekly reviewer Kyle Anderson called the song middle of the road R B and criticized Minaj for choosing to make music that appeals to pop radio , instead of being unique . Josiah Hughes of Exclaim was critical of the song , saying it was by the books Nicki , as she delivers venomous raps on the verses before giving saccharine sweet melody a whirl on the choruses . Surprise , surprise the whole thing is delivered atop poppy , crystal clear synths . Music video The video was shot in black and white at Dungeness , Kent , United Kingdom . It begins with a stairway set in a foggy setting leading up to the sky . Then angles of different scenery are shown such as a deserted area with a boat next to railroad resembling Noah 's Ark , railroad unk , and a True Cross with a key hung over it . Minaj is shown fading into clouds , before she raps her first verse wearing a black flowing dress and a crown of thorns . Minaj has various wardrobe changes in the video . Minaj is then seen dressed as a queen , over a balcony with a spiral chandelier behind her . Various clips of nature are shown such as waves , birds , and grass . Minaj is then seen singing the chorus in a blonde wig , in a vast space , with a lot of fog . Minaj raps her second verse sitting on a throne donning a black wig similar to the on she wore in her previous music video for I Am Your Leader . After scenes of nature and of Minaj , the video transforms into color . The video concludes as Minaj is seen with a stray like face , walking in the wilderness , while clips of Minaj singing continue throughout the video . It closes with the stairway , seen in the beginning of the video . Tom Eames of Digital Spy complimented the video for its glamorous shots of Minaj , a sentiment echoed by Liza Darwin of MTV News , who said We already know Nicki 's got her beauty and fashion game on lock these days , but for her new vid the singer ditches the bustiers , tutus , and Zenon inspired ensembles for a toned down ( for her , at least ) wardrobe of glittery gowns , decadent furs , and more than one crown . After all , if there 's unk fit to be queen bee , it 's this lady . Live performances Minaj performed the song live for the first time on the American Music Awards of 2012 on November 18 , 2012 . For the performance , Minaj wore a white fur cape and boots , and was later joined on stage by a choir . Freedom was also performed on The Ellen DeGeneres Show on January 15 , 2013 , where she sang in a slim red dress , surrounded by fog and unk chandeliers . On January 25 , 2013 , Minaj performed the song along with Va Va Voom and on Jimmy Kimmel Live on January 25 , 2013 . Charts Radio and release history
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3,617 | The American and the Queen is a 1910 American silent short drama produced by the Thanhouser Company . The film focuses on Maud , the fictional queen of unk , who is overthrown by her cousin , Rupert . Maud is thrown into prison after refusing the romantic advances of Rupert . She escapes with the aid of her lady in waiting and a priest . A wealthy American named Jack Walton , foils an assassination attempt on Maud and he falls in love with her . Maud is recaptured and set to be executed when the priest comes up with a plan to save her , by marrying Jack and Maud . The ceremony takes place through her cell window , and soon the United States military arrives to save the now wife of an American . Rupert is killed in the ensuing conflict . No known cast or production credits for the film is known . The film was released on November 11 , 1910 and was met with neutral to negative reviews by critics . The patriotic element of the film was cited as likely being comical for European audiences and the film was also used as an example of an inappropriate example of American flag waving . The film is presumed lost . Plot Though the film is presumed lost , a synopsis survives in The Moving Picture World from October 22 , 1910 . It states Maud , the beautiful queen of unk , is deposed through the efforts of her wicked cousin , Rupert , who seizes the throne . He tries to make love to Maud , but when she spurns him he has her thrown into prison . Through the efforts of her faithful lady in waiting , and the kindly priest , the young queen escapes . While on a steamer , her cousin 's spy locates her and decides to give her poison , but his attempt is detected by Jack Walton , wealthy young American who has seen the queen and fallen in love with her without knowing anything as to her history . A number of noblemen urge the queen to make an effort to regain the throne , and when Jack joins his plea to theirs , she consents . But the queen is only in her country a few hours when she is arrested during the absence of Jack on a mission . Jack prepares to save the queen , but has hit on no definite plan . Then Father Paul proposes a scheme . The queen 's prison is on the ground floor it is possible for her to stretch her hand through the bars . And Jack marries the woman he loves , though a stone wall is between them . The priest , with the bridegroom is outside , and the careless guards do not see them . Rupert then sends for his cousin again , and for the second time he offers to marry her . But she spurns him . Then he orders her execution . The sentence is about to be carried out when Jack arrives with a squad of U.S. troops from a troop ship in the harbor . The queen is entitled to their protection , for she is now the wife of an American . And she gets it . Rupert loses his life and the ensuing combat . Production The writer of the scenario is unknown , but it was most likely Lloyd Lonergan . He was an experienced newspaperman employed by The New York Evening World while writing scripts for the Thanhouser productions . A reviewer said that the film was a poor take on Anthony Hope , but did not further expand on the nature of this connection . This was likely a reference to Anthony Hope 's works like The Prisoner of Zenda and may have been made due to the arrival of a foreigner who resolves a royal conspiracy . Bowers would list this film as being of patriotic character instead of listing it simply as a drama or a comedy production . The patriotic element of the film was heavily promoted in advertising and was likely true given the reaction of viewers to the film . One article in The Moving Picture News referred to the film as an example of a problematic use of the United States flag appearing suddenly with the marines at the climax of the plot , all while on foreign soil . The film director is unknown , but it may have been Barry O 'Neil or Lucius J. Henderson . Cameramen employed by the company during this era included Blair Smith , Carl Louis Gregory , and Alfred H. Moses , Jr. though none are specifically credited . The role of the cameraman was uncredited in 1910 productions . The cast credits are unknown , but many 1910 Thanhouser productions are fragmentary . In late 1910 , the Thanhouser company released a list of the important personalities in their films . The list includes G.W. Abbe , Justus D. Barnes , Frank H. Crane , Irene Crane , Marie Eline , Violet Heming , Martin J. Faust , Thomas Fortune , George Middleton , Grace Moore , John W. Noble , Anna Rosemond , Mrs. George Walters . Release and reception The single reel drama , approximately 1 , 000 feet long , was released on November 11 , 1910 . The film was originally planned to be released on November 4 , but it was delayed and some advertisements and later listings for the film give the erroneous date . The film received negative reviews in trade publications from even those which typically praised even the weaker productions . Though it was not well received , the production was not criticized as sharply as Avenged had been . Walton of The Moving Picture News stated that the film was a very feeble echo on Anthony Hope . The throne room staging is ridiculous and so is the resolution . The flag waving business is feebly melodramatic . Princes , etc. don 't sit on that sort of chair . I 'm an admirer of Thanhouser , but this thing is straight , plain punk . In Europe it will be received as a Yankee joke . The reviewer for The Moving Picture World was decidedly neutral , highlighting only the novelty of the plot and refraining from any criticism or praise of the merits of the production . The New York Dramatic Mirror was negative , but not scathing . The reviewer stated , The narrative is very entertaining or could be made so , if the producer had cared to trouble himself about details . In its present crude form , its wild impossibility rather grates upon a spectator , because every scene in the film has some inconsistency . At least , it was worth doing well . Unfortunately , neither the acting nor the mounting has any particular merit .
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3,618 | St. George 's Church is an Anglican church in Trotton , a village in the district of Chichester , one of seven local government districts in the English county of West Sussex . Most of the structure was built in the early 14th century . However , some parts date to around 1230 , and there is evidence suggesting an earlier church on the same site . In 1904 , a largely intact and unusually detailed painting was found on the west wall depicting the Last Judgment as described in Matthew 25 31 46 . The church is dedicated to St. George , patron saint of England . The rector of St George 's also oversees the parish of Rogate with unk , and most services are held at St. Bartholomew 's church in Rogate just two services a month take place at Trotton . The church is also used once a month by the British Orthodox Church . The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building for its architectural and historical importance . History Historians have disagreed about its age , and the existence of an older church on the same site . The tower has been dated by its architecture to between 1230 and 1240 , but other historians question this date and suggest the tower and the body of the church both date to the 14th century . The porch appears to be a 17th century addition . There is a tomb of Margaret de unk in the nave . It has been suggested that its location there , rather than the chancel as would be expected for the family of the lord of the manor ( which her surname suggests she was ) , may indicate that the church was built on the site of an earlier , smaller , church and the tomb was in the chancel of that church . Local historian Roger Chatterton Newman disagrees , saying there would be no need for a church on the site any earlier . A comprehensive restoration was undertaken by Philip Mainwaring Johnston in 1904 . The work cost 700 ( 68 , 000 as of 2016 ) , and a time capsule containing details of the builders , church officials and contemporary world events was buried at the end of the job . Description and architecture The church is situated in the village of Trotton , West Sussex , just off the A272 near the River Rother . It stands between the early 15th century bridge over the river and the 16th century manor house . The church has a plain , simple Decorated style exterior , apart from the tower which is Early English style . The nave and chancel are in a single chamber , separated by a narrow step instead of a chancel arch . The tower stands at the western end of the church , and contains a ring of four bells hung for change ringing . The tenor ( largest ) bell dates from 1908 , the others from 1913 all were cast by John Taylor Co . The church is built of rubble with ashlar dressings . The roof of the main body is tiled during the 14th century it had a thatched roof , but this was replaced in about 1400 . The tower roof is a shingled octagonal cap . Wall paintings In 1904 , the whitewash was removed from the west wall and a wall painting from the very early days of the church was discovered . This , in itself , is not remarkable . Plenty of early churches have wall paintings however , this one was unusually rich and detailed . In the centre is Jesus Christ , beneath him is Moses and on his right is the Carnal Man surrounded by the Seven Deadly Sins . On his left is the Spiritual Man surrounded by the Seven Acts of Mercy . These two characters are depicted on the opposite sides of Christ than is usual in such depictions of the Last Judgement . The red paintwork is mostly in good condition , although the Seven Deadly Sins have started to fade . There are also paintings on the north and south walls depicting the Camoys family . Camoys was the lord of the manor and it appears he had the church built primarily for his family . This would explain the unusual detail in the paintings . They were intended as rich decoration rather than simply for educating an illiterate congregation . Tombs A 9 foot ( 2 . 7 m ) table tomb in the middle of the chancel contains the remains of Thomas de Camoys , 1st Baron Camoys ( died 1421 , although the inscription says 1419 ) and his wife , Elizabeth , daughter of Edmund Mortimer , 3rd Earl of March . Baron Camoys fought at the Battle of Agincourt , and his wife was the inspiration for the character of Gentle Kate in William Shakespeare 's play Henry IV . The sides of the brass memorial are decorated with unk and shield shaped ornamentation , which enhance the comparatively plain figures . The baron and baroness are depicted holding hands and only slightly smaller than life size . Ian Nairn and Nikolaus Pevsner described the memorial as one of the biggest , most ornate and best preserved brasses in England . The nave contains a unk slab with a brass of Margaret de unk ( died 1310 ) . This is the oldest known brass of a woman in England . There used to be a 15th century niche tomb in the south wall , but it had been largely removed by 1780 . The table tomb of Sir Roger Lewknor ( died c . 1478 ) is in the northeast corner of the chancel . Its sides have festoon motifs and slender carved niches . In the southeast corner is the pilastered tomb of Anthony Foster ( died 1643 ) . The church today St George 's Church was listed at Grade I on 18 June 1959 . Such buildings are defined as being of exceptional interest and greater than national importance . As of February 2001 , it was one of 80 Grade I listed buildings , and 3 , 251 listed buildings of all grades , in the district of Chichester . The present ecclesiastical parish of Trotton covers a large north south area of countryside , includes the village of Trotton and the hamlets of Chithurst and Ingrams Green , and is served by St Mary 's Church at Chithurst as well as St George 's . Both churches are in the Rural Deanery of Midhurst , one of eight deaneries in the Archdeaconry of Horsham in the Diocese of Chichester . Eucharistic services are held on the second and fourth Sundays every month . The church is open during the day for visitors .
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3,619 | The Call of the Simpsons is the seventh episode of The Simpsons ' first season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 18 , 1990 . It was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by Wesley Archer . Albert Brooks made his first guest appearance on The Simpsons in this episode as the voice of Cowboy Bob . In this episode , Homer decides to purchase an RV and the Simpsons set off for a vacation in the wilderness . After accidentally driving it off the edge of a cliff , the family find themselves trapped in the woods . As Homer and Bart try to find a way back to civilization , Homer gets himself covered in mud and is mistaken for Bigfoot by a naturalist . The news about the encounter spreads quickly and Bigfoot hunters converge on the woods to capture Homer . Meanwhile , Maggie finds herself separated from the family and raised by bears . Plot Homer , envious of Ned Flanders 's new motor home , goes to Bob 's RV Round up to buy one of his own , but because of his poor credit rating , he is only qualified for a smaller dilapidated one , much to his family 's disgust . Thrilled with the new RV , Homer takes his family on an excursion . Driving on remote back roads and ignoring Marge 's suggestion to turn back on the main road , the Simpsons find themselves teetering over a precipice . The family escapes the RV before it plummets over the cliff , leaving themselves stranded in the wilderness . Homer and Bart set out for help , unaware that Maggie is tagging along , while Marge and Lisa stay behind . Separated from Homer and Bart , Maggie is soon adopted by a family of bears . Meanwhile , Homer and Bart plummet into a raging river where they lose their clothes , but hide their nakedness with leaves and mud . Marge and Lisa make themselves comfortable by a campfire , while the boys freeze in the wilderness . The next day , Homer tries to steal honey from a beehive , only to be attacked by the bees , but evades them by jumping into a mud pit . A nature photographer takes a picture of Homer covered in mud , mistaking him for Bigfoot , and soon the forest is inundated with Bigfoot enthusiasts and reward seekers . Marge , having been rescued along with Lisa by park rangers , identifies the monster in question as her husband and causing quite a controversy . Cold , hungry , and exhausted , Homer and Bart stumble upon the cave housing Maggie and the bears . Homer is soon captured and taken to a lab for testing . The authorities allow Homer to return home after scientists agree that he is either a below average human being or a brilliant beast . While watching the news coverage of the whole debacle , Homer worries about the insults he 'll receive from his co workers , until Marge consoles him , calling him my brilliant beast . Production The episode was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by Wesley Archer . A plot twist that involved Homer being carried away to an eagle nest and being raised as a baby eagle was suggested for this episode by executive producer James L. Brooks , but they ended up going with Maggie being raised by bears instead . The sequence with Marge and Lisa by the bonfire was originally longer and included a conversation between the two about boys , but it was cut from the episode . In the original script , Homer and Bart were not talking in the scene where they concealed their private parts with mud and moss , but Sam Simon thought it would be too funny to leave as a stage direction and they added dialogue to the scene . Albert Brooks guest starred in the episode as the voice of Cowboy Bob . He was not sure if he wanted to be identified with a cartoon show or not at the time , like many of the other early guest stars on The Simpsons , and was therefore credited as A. Brooks in the ending credits . This episode was a satire of the Bigfoot specials that had aired on the Fox network at the time when this episode was written . A lot of resources were spent on the backgrounds in the episode , trying to make them look realistic with many observational details such as trees , rocks , fences and the way the cars were positioned . Burger King figurines were made out of the camping designs of the Simpsons family in this episode . Reception In its original American broadcast on February 18 , 1990 , The Call of the Simpsons finished third place in the ratings for that day , with a Nielsen rating of 14 . 6 and a 22 percent audience share . The episode was nominated for an Emmy Award in 1990 in the category Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Comedy Series or a Special . IGN.com named Albert Brooks ' guest performance in this episode , along with his four other appearances on The Simpsons , the best guest appearance in the show 's history . The Call of the Simpsons received mixed reviews from critics . Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood , the authors of the book I Can 't Believe It 's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide , both criticized and praised the episode saying This episode is a bit less than the sum of its parts . The early stuff at the RV Round Up is much better than the main camping story , although there 's some nice Marge Lisa bonding , and who could resist Maggie and the bears In a DVD review of the first season , David B. Grelck gave the episode a rating of 1 . 5 5 , adding the surrealism of Homer as bigfoot is a major misstep . This type of gag would be very different today , if done at all . Jon Bonn at MSNBC called the episode a perfect example of the first season s bizarre and fruitful balance between edgy humor and softly drawn neuroses and stated that it was this combination that made Groening s shorts for the Ullman show so compelling , and ultimately what made it possible for The Simpsons to break the molds of network television . Colin Jacobson at DVD Movie Guide said in a review that while the episode doesn t offer the continuous highs of the best Simpsons , it s a generally solid show and added that the episode uses a unk tone than usual for this era , but it works , and the program is consistently fun .
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3,620 | Route 38 is a state highway in the southern part of the U.S. state of New Jersey serving the Philadelphia metropolitan area . It extends 19 . 19 mi ( 30 . 88 km ) from the Airport Circle , where it intersects U.S. Route 30 and U.S. Route 130 , in Pennsauken Township , Camden County to an intersection with U.S. Route 206 and County Route 530 in Southampton Township , Burlington County . The route is a four to six lane divided highway for most of its length and passes through commercial development , residential development , and some farmland . Route 38 was signed in 1927 , replacing part of Pre 1927 Route 18 , which had run from Camden to Toms River . Route 38 was originally planned to be a freeway crossing the state of New Jersey , running from Camden to Wall Township , Monmouth County . The eastern part of this freeway would become part of Interstate 195 in the late 1960s . The freeway routing was then modified to head north of Interstate 195 to the Route 18 freeway in Colts Neck Township but was ultimately canceled by the late 1970s due to environmental and financial concerns . Route 138 was originally numbered as a segment of this Route 38 freeway , but was renumbered by the 1990s when it became apparent the freeway would not be completed . Route description Route 38 begins at the Airport Circle junction of County Route 607 ( unk Avenue ) , U.S. Route 30 , and U.S. Route 130 in Pennsauken Township , Camden County , heading east on unk Avenue . It meets a partial cloverleaf interchange with the western terminus of Route 70 , which replaced the Browning Road Traffic Circle . A six lane divided highway separated by a Jersey barrier , it proceeds eastward , crossing into Cherry Hill Township , where it heads through commercial development . Route 38 features cloverleaf interchanges with County Route 636 ( Cuthbert Boulevard ) and County Route 644 ( Haddonfield Road ) . Past the County Route 644 interchange , Route 38 passes by the Cherry Hill Mall , located on the north side of the road . It proceeds through the Church Road Circle , where it crosses County Route 616 ( Church Road ) and County Route 627 ( Coles Avenue Cooper Landing Road ) . Route 38 crosses the South Branch of the Pennsauken Creek into Maple Shade Township , Burlington County . The route then reaches a cloverleaf interchange with Route 41 and then interchanges with Route 73 . The Route 38 41 73 interchange complex replaced a dangerous and congested 6 way traffic circle . The route then crosses County Route 608 ( unk Road ) into Moorestown Township , where it becomes unnamed . Route 38 then travels by the Moorestown Mall before passing by the Strawbridge Lake Park . It then enters Mount Laurel Township , where it intersects Interstate 295 before passing over the New Jersey Turnpike . It then continues east , heading into more residential than commercial development . Route 38 intersects many roads with jughandles , crossing into unk Township . The route then crosses the South Branch of Rancocas Creek before entering Lumberton Township , where the road intersects County Route 541 , the Mount Holly Bypass . Route 38 then runs through the southern part of the Mount Holly area , intersecting County Route 691 , the former alignment of County Route 541 . It crosses into Mount Holly Township at the intersection of County Route 612 ( Pine Street unk Road ) . Past this intersection , Route 38 eventually becomes an undivided highway and then reenters Lumberton Township . The route then heads into farmland and crosses into Southampton Township at the intersection with County Route 684 ( Smithville Road ) . Route 38 then ends at the intersection with U.S. Route 206 where the road continues east as County Route 530 ( Pemberton Road ) . History Prior to 1927 , the route was a part of Pre 1927 Route 18 , which was legislated in 1923 to run from Camden to Toms River . In the 1927 New Jersey state highway renumbering , Route 38 was legislated to run along the route from Route 25 ( now U.S. Route 130 ) in Pennsauken Township east to Route 39 ( now U.S. Route 206 ) in East Hampton . In 1938 , Route 38 was legislated to extend from East Hampton to Route 4N ( now Route 71 ) in Wall Township , Monmouth County . A section of this was built , running between Route 34 and Route 35 in Wall Township . The Route 38 freeway was then planned in 1961 to connect these two sections of Route 38 . It was to run from Interstate 80S ( now Interstate 676 ) in Camden east to the planned Route 35 freeway ( now Route 18 ) in Wall Township , providing a direct freeway connection between the Philadelphia area and the northern Jersey Shore . The route of the freeway was to run east from the Ben Franklin Bridge , paralleling U.S. Route 30 and then Route 70 . It would then have run parallel to the current alignment of Route 38 through the Mount Holly area and then travel along the northern border of the Fort Dix Military Reservation to Jackson Township , Ocean County , where it would then follow the present alignment of Interstate 195 to Wall Township . In the late 1960s , the eastern part of the Route 38 freeway became part of the proposed Interstate 195 . In 1969 , it was estimated the Route 38 freeway between Interstate 295 in Cherry Hill Township and Interstate 195 in Jackson Township would cost 60 million and be completed by 1985 . The route of the freeway was revised in 1972 to head north of Interstate 195 to the Route 18 freeway in Colts Neck Township , intersecting the Route 33 bypass of Freehold Borough . The western terminus was also moved to Mount Laurel Township , where it was to connect to the New Jersey Turnpike and the Route 90 freeway , which was projected to extend to the New Jersey Turnpike . It was estimated that this routing of the Route 38 freeway would cost 101 million . However , due to environmental concerns of the route passing through the Pine Barrens and financial troubles , the freeway was canceled by the end of the 1970s . The orphaned eastern section of Route 38 in Monmouth County was renumbered to Route 138 on July 29 , 1988 . Major intersections
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3,621 | Severe Tropical Storm Mekkhala , known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Amang , was an early season tropical cyclone that made landfall over the Philippines in January 2015 . Mekkhala killed three people in the Bicol Region and caused light crop damage . Notably , the storm disturbed Pope Francis visit to the country after the victims of Typhoon Haiyan on November 8 , 2013 . Although the storm also caused an airplane crash in Tacloban , nobody was hurt in the incident . The system developed on January 13 between the Philippines and Guam . Moving west northwest for its duration , Mekkhala passed north of Yap State on January 14 while slowly intensifying due to moderate wind shear . Conditions became more favorable on January 16 , when the storm quickly strengthened to peak winds of at least 110 km h ( 70 mph ) a ragged eye prompted the American based Joint Typhoon Warning Center ( JTWC ) to upgrade it to a typhoon . The storm weakened slightly and made landfall on the Philippine island of Samar on January 17 . Mekkhala weakened further over land , dissipating on January 21 east of Luzon . Meteorological history A tropical disturbance formed approximately 390 km ( 240 miles ) south southwest of Pohnpei early on January 9 . The system remained disorganized until the Joint Typhoon Warning Center ( JTWC ) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert to it late on January 12 , when deepened convection with formative started to wrap into a slowly consolidating low level circulation center ( LLCC ) . Afterwards , the Japan Meteorological Agency ( JMA ) upgraded the low pressure area to a tropical depression early on January 13 , as did the JTWC with the designation 01W Although deep convection was displaced to the northwest of an exposed LLCC early on January 14 , the JMA still upgraded the system to a tropical storm and named it Mekkhala , under moderate vertical wind shear offset by excellent poleward outflow . In post season analysis , the agency upgraded the storm at 12 00 UTC on the previous day . Late on January 14 , the PAGASA named the storm Amang right after it entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility . Tracking west northwestward and then westward along the southern periphery of a subtropical ridge , Mekkhala was upgraded to a tropical storm by the JTWC early on January 15 , due to its slightly improved structure . Mekkhala quickly intensified on the next day due to improved conditions the wind shear became in phase with the storm 's motion while the robust divergent outflow persisted . Therefore , the JMA upgraded the system to a severe tropical storm at 06 00 UTC on January 16 , and later that day the JTWC upgraded it to a typhoon , when a central dense overcast has significantly deepened and totally obscured the LLCC . Later , a microwave imagery revealed that Mekkhala formed a ragged eyewall structure . The system reached peak intensity at 00 00 UTC on January 17 with ten minute maximum sustained winds of 110 km h ( 70 mph ) , although operationally the JMA estimated typhoon force winds of 130 km h ( 80 mph ) . After slightly weakening , Mekkhala tracked northwestward and made landfall over Dolores , Eastern Samar of the Philippines at around 15 00 Philippine Standard Time ( 07 00 UTC ) , where Typhoon Hagupit also made landfall the month before . Both the JMA and the JTWC downgraded Mekkhala to a tropical storm on January 17 , due to land interaction weakening the storm significantly . Mekkhala eroded further while crossing the Bicol Region on January 18 , leading the JTWC to downgrade it to a tropical depression when it turned northward and emerged into the Philippine Sea . Late on the same day , the JMA downgraded Mekkhala to a tropical depression , and shortly after the JTWC issued the final warning as strong wind shear exposed the LLCC . The tropical depression drifted northeastward and maintained its exposed low level circulation east of Luzon , until the system was completely absorbed by a stationary front early on January 21 . Impact During January 14 , Mekkhala passed about 95 km ( 60 mi ) to the north of Yap State and less than 45 km ( 30 mi ) to the south of the atoll Ulithi . A peak wind gust of 58 km h ( 36 mph ) was recorded in Yap State , along with a rainfall total of around 13 mm ( 0 . 5 in ) . On Ulithi a rainfall total of 100 mm ( 4 in ) was recorded , while there were no reports of any deaths or significant damage on either Ulithi or in Yap State . Severe Tropical Storm Mekkhala , also known as Tropical Storm Amang , killed three people in the Bicol Region of the Philippines . Damage in the region amounted to 318 . 7 million ( US 7 . 1 million ) , stemming mostly from agriculture . In addition , the storm caused agricultural damage of 30 . 3 million ( US 680 , 000 ) in Samar . The crop damage and a subsequent drought caused rice shortages in the country , prompting the government to import the grain in May 2015 . Throughout the country , 48 homes were destroyed while a further 490 sustained damage . Infrastructural losses reached 49 . 7 million ( US 1 . 1 million ) repairs to roadways was quick and completed by January 21 . A volunteer from the Bicol Region , who worked for a Catholic Relief Services station in Salcedo , Eastern Samar , was hit by a unk due to a collapsed scaffolding caused by heavy winds during a papal Mass held in Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport in Tacloban , Leyte . To comfort Tacloban people who suffered from the devastating disaster caused by Typhoon Haiyan in 2013 , and Typhoon Hagupit a month prior , Pope Francis visited the storm ravaged city on January 17 . However , the schedule is significantly impacted by Severe Tropical Storm Mekkhala , making thousands of pilgrims and even Pope himself have to wear a raincoat during the rain soaked Mass in the airport . Only several minutes after Pope Francis own aircraft left the airport , a private jet was veered off the runway by strong winds of Mekkhala and eventually crashed . The 15 passengers on the plane were all safe , including many officials from the Cabinet of the Philippines .
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3,622 | Asher Vollmer ( born September 14 , 1989 ) is an American indie video game developer and creator of Puzzlejuice and Threes . He created the 2012 iOS game Puzzlejuice while a student at USC Interactive Media Games Division . The game began his collaboration with Greg Wohlwend . The pair 's next release , the 2014 iOS puzzle game Threes , received what review aggregator Metacritic described as universal acclaim , including perfect scores from Eurogamer and TouchArcade , and the title of Apple Inc . ' s iPhone game of the year . The game was later ported to multiple platforms . Polygon included Vollmer in their 50 admirable gaming people of the year for his work on Threes . Among other projects , Vollmer subsequently worked on Close Castles , a real time strategy game later put on hiatus , and Royals , a simulation game for OS X and Windows . Career Vollmer is a graduate of the USC Interactive Media Games Division program . As a student , he began work on Puzzlejuice , a puzzle video game . He reached out to artist Greg Wohlwend for aesthetic advice , which led to a collaboration between the two . Puzzlejuice is a combination of Tetris , tile matching , and Boggle players rearrange falling tetromino blocks into rows of similar colors , which turn into letters that are cleared from the board by forming words . The iOS game was released on January 19 , 2012 , to what review aggregator Metacritic described as generally favorable reviews . Multiple reviewers mentioned the difficulty in mentally balancing the various components of the game . Vollmer started as thatgamecompany 's feel engineer in August 2012 , but left in April 2013 to go indie and work on his own projects . On his blog , he said he thought the studio 's current project would be groundbreaking , though he was unhappy working there . Vollmer tried to write a short story in an attempt to take a break from games . Before long , he began to play with his computer keyboard . Vollmer challenged himself to make a game that only used the arrow keys , and prototyped what would become Threes in ten hours overnight . He proceeded to iterate on the idea with Wohlwend over the game 's 14 month development . In Threes , the player slides numbered tiles on a four by four grid to combine addends and multiples of three . Vollmer cited Drop7 as an inspiration for the game , having played it for two years beforehand . Threes had no original inclination towards minimalism . In fact , Vollmer and Wohlwend felt that the game needed to appear more complex so as to interest players . They returned to the original idea and added character personalities to the tiles . The iOS game was released on February 6 , 2014 , to what Metacritic characterized as universal acclaim . Reviewers found the game charming and addictive , and compared it to Drop7 ( 2009 ) , Triple Town ( 2010 ) , and Stickets ( 2013 ) . Eurogamer and TouchArcade awarded the game perfect scores , with the latter calling Threes about as close as it gets to a perfect mobile game . Other developers released similar games and clones within weeks of the game 's launch . Apple named Threes its best iPhone game of 2014 . The game was later ported to Android , Xbox One , and Windows Phone platforms . Polygon included Vollmer in their 50 admirable gaming people of 2014 for his work on Threes . Vollmer thought he would work on a new game a month after releasing Threes , but was kept busy by obligations to fix and update the game , to port it to other platforms , and to promote game through press and events . He was convinced that he would never make a game as clean and tight as Threes ever again . Vollmer 's next game was Close Castles , a real time strategy game . After Threes Vollmer unveiled Close Castles in June 2014 . Players start in corners of a grid map and are represented by castles . Vollmer explained that the game 's name is from castles built too close to one another , starting a mutually assured destruction scenario . Players can build three structure types out from their castle towers that fire at incoming enemies ( defense ) , houses that make loyal subjects ( offense ) , and markets that make money ( economy ) . The A button with a direction constructs a path directing followers to the enemy . Followers capture enemy structures as denoted by a defense bar that fills as followers enter the structure and that destroys the structure when filled . Markets are the weakest structure , and two towers can defend against one house . Player turf grows as player structures approach the limits of their area . Players earn five units of money a second , which increases by five for every market . Polygon called the game 's simple visual design horrifyingly deceptive . Vollmer has said that games should last around three minutes apiece and that the local multiplayer 's lack of hidden information should make interactions with other players less of a sadomasochistic game of waiting for an opponent to concede . The game was demoed on an Xbox 360 but was planned for release on the PlayStation 4 . Vollmer put the project on hold while he worked out fundamental flaws in the gameplay . While Vollmer traditionally worked on multiple games at once , Close Castles was his only project when it was in production . In March 2015 , he worked three days a week on a bigger project with a small team , and saved his other days for personal experimentation and Threes bugs . The next month , Vollmer released Royals , a pay what you want simulation game for OS X and Windows . The player controls a peasant who advances towards royal status by collecting resources and followers . Every player decision counts as a year of the peasant 's life . Polygon 's Megan Farokhmanesh described the game as difficult and charming , with a quirky , subtle humor . The game was designed to be purposefully difficult and obtuse and nothing like Threes . Eurogamer 's Jeffrey Matulef wrote that the gameplay was like a comically minimalist roguelike for its emphasis on resource management and short player lifespans .
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3,623 | Christopher Chris Sheridan ( born September 19 , 1967 ) is an American television writer , producer , and occasional voice actor . Born in the Philippines , Sheridan grew up in New Hampshire . He attended Gilford High School , where he decided that he wanted to become a writer . After graduating from Union College , he moved back to his home , where he worked at several short term jobs before relocating to California to start his career . His first job came in 1992 when he was hired as a writer 's assistant for the Fox sitcom Shaky Ground . Following that , he was hired as an assistant on Living Single , a Fox sitcom , where he was eventually promoted to writer . He stayed with the show until its cancellation in 1998 . After the show was cancelled and Sheridan became unemployed , he began writing for the animated television series Family Guy . Although initially skeptical , he accepted the job as he did not have other options . Sheridan was one of the first writers hired , and has continued to write for the show through its eleventh season . For his work on Family Guy , he has been nominated for five Primetime Emmy Awards , a British Academy Television Award , and has won a DVD Exclusive Award . Sheridan has also written episodes of Titus and Yes , Dear . He is divorced and has one daughter . Early life Christopher Sheridan was born on September 19 , 1967 in the Philippines . He grew up in New Hampshire and attended Gilford High School . While there , Sheridan discovered he enjoyed writing , but had not considered a career in it . After graduating from the school in 1985 , Sheridan went to Union College , where he majored in English and took every creative writing class available . After he met a person who had written a screenplay , Sheridan decided that he wanted to have a career in screenwriting . After receiving his college degree in 1989 , Sheridan returned to his home . He held various jobs , including substitute teaching , bartending , and working in his father 's variety store . Sheridan eventually decided that if he wanted to establish a career , he had to relocate , so he moved to California in 1992 . Sheridan stayed at a friend 's house , and as he did not own a cell phone , he used a payphone located on Sunset Boulevard to call interested employers . Career and later life In 1992 , Sheridan was hired as an assistant writer for the sitcom Shaky Ground . During his time on the show , he also worked elsewhere as a freelance writer . Following that show 's cancellation in 1993 , Sheridan was hired as an assistant on the show Living Single , where he wrote four episodes . Sheridan was promoted to writer , and worked on the show until it was cancelled in 1998 . Shortly after , Sheridan received a call from his agent , where he was told that the only show with an open spot was Family Guy , which Sheridan did not want to do , thinking that writing for an animated show would end his career . After meeting series creator Seth MacFarlane , Sheridan was hired as one of the series ' first writers . The first episode he wrote was I Never Met the Dead Man , the second episode of the first season , which premiered on April 11 , 1999 . Sheridan also wrote the second season premiere Peter , Peter , unk Eater . He later went on to write the episodes I Am Peter , Hear Me Roar , If I 'm unk ' , I 'm Lyin ' , He 's Too Sexy for His Fat , and Lethal Weapons . Due to low ratings , Family Guy was cancelled at the end of its second season . While the show was on hiatus , Sheridan became a writer for the sitcom Titus and also wrote several episodes for the sitcom Yes , Dear . He returned to the show after it was revived for a fourth season , writing The Fat Guy Strangler . Sheridan would later write the episodes Peter 's Daughter , Peter assment and Burning Down the Bayit . He penned the Road to ... episode Road to the North Pole along with Danny Smith , and wrote the episode Save the Clam . Sheridan continues to write for the show , with his most recent credit being the twelfth season episode Brian 's a Bad Father . Sheridan also infrequently provides voices for several small characters on the show , such as recurring character James William unk III . In 2011 , Sheridan wrote a television pilot entitled unk for NBC . It was to star Ryan Hansen . Although a pilot was ordered and filmed , it did not continue . Sheridan has received several nominations for awards for his work on Family Guy . At the 52nd Primetime Emmy Awards , Sheridan was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics for writing the song We Only Live to Kiss Your Ass . He wrote that It was a strange experience at the Emmys ... my song was called , ' We Only Live to Kiss Your Ass . ' I laughed out loud when the presenter had to list that song as one of the nominations alongside normal songs written by people like Marvin Hamlisch . Along with the other producers of the series , he was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program in 2005 for North by North Quahog at the 57th Primetime Emmy Awards , and again in 2006 for PTV at the 58th . Also in 2006 , Sheridan won a DVD Exclusive Award for writing the Stewie B. Goode segment of the Family Guy direct to video film Stewie Griffin The Untold Story . He shared the award with writer Gary Janetti . 2008 saw Sheridan receive another Outstanding Animated Program nomination , for Blue Harvest , at the 60th Primetime Emmy Awards . 2008 also saw him receive a nomination for a British Academy Television Award for Best International and in 2009 he was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards both awards were for Family Guy in general . Sheridan was once married to unk , but he is now divorced . He splits his time between Los Angeles and Connecticut , and has a daughter , Lily . When asked if being a parent affected his style of humor , Sheridan responded that he found himself a little less forgiving of pedophile jokes . Filmography Awards and nominations
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3,624 | Tropical Storm Isidore was the 15th tropical cyclone and 9th named storm of the 1984 Atlantic hurricane season . Isidore formed as a tropical depression on September 25 , while situated off the southeastern Bahamas . The depression headed west , and was upgraded to a tropical storm in the central Bahamas the next day . It made landfall near Jupiter , Florida , and retaining tropical storm strength , Isidore curved to the northeast , emerging over water near Jacksonville , Florida . Isidore continued northeast until it was absorbed by a frontal system on October 1 . Though damage was generally light , the storm affected several regions from the Bahamas to the U.S. East Coast . One death was reported in Florida , and total damage is estimated at 1 million ( 1984 USD ) . Meteorological history The storm system that would become Isidore originated in a nearly stationary frontal boundary situated near the Bahamas . On September 24 , a ship reported winds of about 30 mph ( 48 km h ) in association with the disturbance . However , satellite imagery indicated that convection was just beginning to organize . Satellite imagery and Air Force reconnaissance reports documented the formation of a tropical depression early on September 25 a special statement was later issued by the National Hurricane Center ( NHC ) confirming the existence of the depression , and tropical cyclone advisories were initiated at 12 pm EDT . The depression moved west northwest while tracking through the Bahamas . As it did so , it moved across Cat Island and passed near several others . The cyclone attained tropical storm status on September 26 , receiving the name Isidore . While located near the northern tip of Andros Island , Isidore reached its peak intensity . The barometric pressure fell to 999 mb , with sustained winds of 60 mph ( 95 km h ) . The storm continued moving northwest , though it failed to strengthen significantly over the Florida Current . The cyclone made landfall near Jupiter , Florida with sustained winds of about 50 mph ( 80 km h ) and subsequently moved inland . Previously , a large high pressure area over the eastern United States had prevented the cyclone from moving northward . The high moved away , allowing for Isidore to curve to the northeast , emerging over water near Jacksonville , Florida . The storm continued towards the northeast , passing about 80 mi ( 130 km ) off of the Carolina coast . Isidore downgraded to a tropical depression on October 1 , and was absorbed in a frontal zone later that day . Isidore was one of many storms during the 1984 season that formed in relatively cool baroclinic environments . Preparations Due to its mild nature , Isidore was described as a safety test . Gale warnings were issued from as far south as Key West , Florida , to as far north as Virginia , including parts of Georgia , South Carolina , and North Carolina . A private meteorological service stated that Isidore was to intensify to hurricane status , leading to some confusion regarding preparations . Along the Treasure Coast of Florida , citrus farmers burned seedlings potentially infected with canker to prevent heavy rains from spreading the disease . Red Cross volunteers readied a shelter with supplies such as cots and sheets , though it remained unused . In Martin County , hundreds of firefighters were on standby . In Miami , rain from the storm led to the cancellation of horse races at the Calder Race Course . State parks in Monroe County were temporarily closed . In Indian River , Martin , and St. Lucie counties , students were sent home early , and after school actives were canceled . The South Beach Jetty Park in Fort Pierce was closed . In southern portions of the state , residents prepared their boats for the storm , and 50 F 4 Phantom fighter jets were evacuated from the Homestead Air Force Base and moved to bases in South Carolina . Lumber yards , groceries stores , and hardware stores reported unusually high demand for emergency supplies , though certain smaller businesses closed early . Gasoline stations in the region were doing bumper to bumper business . Farther to the south , in the Florida Keys , an emergency operations center was opened in response to the storm . Impact In Nassau , Bahamas , Isidore produced flooding rains and gales . There , the storm forced the closure of schools and banks . Heavy precipitation fell throughout the island chain , but no serious damage was reported . Winds from Isidore gusted to 73 mph ( 117 km h ) in the St. Augustine , Florida area . Elsewhere , 65 mph ( 105 km h ) winds were recorded . At Mayport , winds were sustained at 43 mph ( 69 km h ) . In northern portions of the state , peak rainfall totals ranged from 5 to 7 in ( 130 to 180 mm ) , much of which was associated with an intense convective band to the north and east of the cyclone 's center . One tornado , ranked F1 on the Fujita scale , touched down near Savannah , Georgia . Power outages were mostly minor and scattered . Tides generally ran under 3 ft ( 0 . 91 m ) above normal combined with high winds , the tides contributed to severe and widespread beach erosion along the eastern coast of central Florida , threatening structures at times . A large , 500 , 000 beach restoration fill was washed away . Additionally , segments of State Road A1A were damaged . On Hutchinson Island , many eggs and nests of Caretta caretta and Chelonia mydas , respectively , were destroyed . One man was electrocuted as a result of the storm near Orlando . Another man was injured while attempting to land his plane in high winds . Throughout the state , overall damage was generally insignificant . The storm also dropped heavy precipitation along the coasts of Georgia , South Carolina , and North Carolina , with sporadic showers in parts of Virginia . Offshore , swells of 12 to 15 ft ( 3 . 7 to 4 . 6 m ) extensively damaged a wooden ship , the Phoenix . The vessel barely escaped destruction , though a crew member suffered a cracked rib . Across its path , Isidore was estimated to have inflicted 1 million in damage .
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3,625 | Hurricane Marty was the deadliest tropical cyclone of the 2003 Pacific hurricane season . Forming on September 18 , it became the 13th tropical storm and fourth hurricane of the year . The storm moved generally northwestward and steadily intensified despite only a marginally favorable environment for development , and became a Category 2 hurricane before making two landfalls on the Baja California peninsula and mainland Mexico . The hurricane was responsible for significant flooding and storm surges that caused 100 million ( 2003 USD ) in damage mostly on the peninsula of Baja California , and resulted in the deaths of 12 people . Marty affected many of the same areas that had been affected by Hurricane Ignacio a month earlier . Meteorological history A tropical wave moved into the Pacific Ocean from Central America on September 10 . Convection along the wave became better organized as it moved westward , and a tropical depression developed on September 18 . The depression moved generally west northwestward before strengthening into Tropical Storm Marty on September 19 . The storm entrained dry air into its circulation as it curved toward the northwest , disrupting the storm 's convective structure and inhibiting further intensification for the next two days . Eventually , Marty fought off the dry air and intensified , reaching hurricane strength on September 21 . Marty began moving north northwestward in response to a high pressure ridge to the west , and continued to strengthen , reaching a peak intensity of 100 mph ( 155 km h ) early on September 22 . Marty then moved northward at an increased speed before making landfall 10 mi ( 15 km ) northeast of Cabo San Lucas in Baja California Sur later that day . After making landfall , Marty turned back to the north northwest , moving parallel to the eastern coast of the peninsula , and weakening to a tropical storm on September 23 . Marty then stalled over the Gulf of California after encountering a high pressure system over the U.S. state of Nevada , and further weakened to a tropical depression before making a second landfall near Puerto Peasco , Sonora , on September 24 . Marty became a remnant low pressure area on September 25 , and moved erratically over the northern Gulf of California for the next two days before drifting southwestward and dissipating over the northern Baja California Peninsula on September 26 . Preparations Fearing a repeat of the damage left by Hurricane Ignacio a month earlier , many residents stocked up on supplies , secured their homes and evacuated to emergency shelters . The government of Mexico issued hurricane warnings for areas of the eastern coast of the Baja California Peninsula and the west coast of the mainland on September 21 . Tropical storm warnings were issued for the Mexican coastline to the Colorado River on September 23 , but were discontinued later that day . Forecasters also predicted that the hurricane might cause 4 6 feet ( 1 . 2 1 . 8 m ) of storm surge , 8 inches ( 20 . 3 cm ) of rain , serious flash flooding , and mudslides . Many schools and tourist destinations were used as emergency shelters and most seaports and airports were closed down . Across the Gulf of California , in the state of Sonora , authorities of the municipality of Empalme monitored the status of the Punta de Agua dam , located 20 mi ( 30 km ) upstream of the municipal seat , which threatened to overtop and flood the city . As a result , 300 residents were evacuated to shelters on higher ground . Impact Baja California Peninsula About 8 to 11 inches ( 200 280 mm ) of rain fell in areas of the Baja California Peninsula , with the largest 24 hour rainfall total occurring at Todos Santos , Baja California Sur , where 7 . 77 in ( 197 . 5 mm ) of rain fell . Numerous ships offshore reported tropical storm and hurricane force winds , and an automated weather station in Cabo San Lucas , Baja California Sur reported sustained winds of 85 mph ( 140 km h ) with gusts to 115 mph ( 185 km h ) . Santa Rosala , Baja California Sur , reported 7 . 8 inches ( 198 mm ) of rain . Five people drowned after their cars were swept away by floodwaters while trying to cross a flooded stream . The floods also damaged 4 , 000 6 , 000 homes and buildings and significantly disrupted water and communications for an extended period of time . The hurricane 's storm surge damaged many boats and yachts in ports along the peninsula 's coast , most of them beyond repair . Minor beach erosion was reported at San Felipe , Baja California . As a result , the Baja California Sur municipalities of La Paz , Los Cabos , Loreto , Comond , and Muleg were declared national disaster areas . 6 , 000 people were affected and total damage from the storm was 100 million . Filming for the 2004 film Troy was interrupted when this hurricane moved through Baja California . Mainland Mexico On the mainland , the largest daily rainfall total occurred on unk , Sonora , which recorded 6 . 73 in ( 171 . 0 mm ) of rain . Five fishermen drowned when their fishing boat sank in the Gulf of California , off the coast of Sonora . Also in that state , the University of Sonora suspended operations in its Navojoa campus . Two more people died when a tree fell on a car in Sinaloa . Heavy rainfall caused moderate to severe flash flooding in Sonora and Sinaloa , although damage was not as severe or as extensive as on the Baja California peninsula . Los Mochis , Sinaloa , reported sustained winds of 45 mph ( 70 km h ) on September 22 . Southwestern United States The outer bands of Marty brought locally heavy rains to extreme southwestern Arizona , but there were no reports of flooding . The highest rain total was 2 . 25 inches ( 57 mm ) at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument in Arizona . Rainfall extended eastward into Texas , where a storm peak of 3 . 09 inches ( 78 mm ) of rain occurred in unk . Because the damage caused by Marty was not extreme , the name of the storm was not retired from the rotating Pacific hurricane name lists , and was used again in the 2009 season .
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3,626 | 75 is a live album by Austrian American jazz musician Joe Zawinul and his band the Zawinul Syndicate . It was recorded in 2007 at two performances in Switzerland and Hungary , among bandleader Joe Zawinul 's final performances . The album was produced by Joachim Becker and originally released in 2008 by JVC Compact Discs , with the Zawinul Estate and Becker serving as executive producers . It was later released by unk Productions and Heads Up International , the unk release with the alternate title 75th . It peaked at number eighteen on Billboard 's Top Jazz Albums chart and won the 2010 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Jazz Album . The album received a generally positive critical reception . Overview With the exception of one track , 75 was recorded during the Zawinul Syndicate 's 7 July 2007 appearance at a festival in Lugano , Switzerland , which happened to be bandleader Joe Zawinul 's seventy fifth birthday . The concert was a part of the Zawinul Syndicate 's twentieth anniversary world tour . The remaining track , In a Silent Way , was recorded from their 2 August 2007 show in Veszprm , Hungary . Zawinul was joined on stage by Wayne Shorter on soprano saxophone for this track . This marked a reunion for Zawinul and Shorter , two original members of Weather Report , both of whom played on the original version of this song from Miles Davis 's 1969 album of the same name . Shortly after these performances , on 11 September 2007 , Zawinul died of Merkel cell carcinoma . The Veszprm concert was Zawinul 's penultimate performance . Composition 75 opens with Orient Express from Zawinul 's 1992 solo album My People . Zawinul plays the vocoder on this track . The second track , Madagascar , also features Zawinul on vocoder and is one of two tracks that originally appeared on Weather Report 's album Night Passage . Another Weather Report piece , Scarlet Woman , follows and features a bass solo by Linley Marthe . unk II is a duet with Paco Sery on kalimba and Zawinul on synthesizer and vocoder . The first disc concludes with Cafe Andalusia . Sabine Kabongo provides scat vocals on this track . A combination of two Weather Report pieces Fast City and Two Lines opens disc two and features more scat singing by Kabongo . Next , unk features vocals by Alegre Corra . Another melding of Weather Report tunes , Badia and Boogie Woogie Waltz , follows and features Corra on unk and Kabongo on vocals . The next track is a recording of unk leading the audience in a chorus of Happy Birthday directed at Zawinul . In a Silent Way , a duet between Shorter and Zawinul originally from Miles Davis 's album of the same name , follows . The album closed with Hymn , which seemed to one reviewer as though Zawinul knew the end was near . Critical reception 75 received a generally positive critical reception . Michael G. unk of Allmusic wrote that the album exemplified Zawinul 's personalized direction before he died and that it exudes all of the energy the group produced in concert . JazzTimes 's Bill Milkowski described Zawinul 's keyboard playing as creating dazzling , free flowing lines with the right hand while deftly orchestrating dense chords and unk shout choruses with the left hand . All About Jazz 's Woodrow Wilkins called the album a musical adventure and Zawinul 's performance a testament to his talent and dedication in sharing his gift . John Kelman , managing editor for All About Jazz , wrote that based on his performance Zawinul gave no indicators that he was ill , let alone approaching death . He closed his review by calling 75 a fitting finale to the career of an artist whose creativity , forward thinking and extensive discography mean that he may be gone , but he 'll never be forgotten . In the Pittsburgh Tribune Review , Bob unk called the release a great statement about Zawinul 's creativity . He described the album 's opening piece , Orient Express as almost tiring in its energy . The BBC 's Jon Lusk did not share the high opinions of other critics . He was not mad about vocalists Aziz unk and Sabine Kabongo but found Alegre Corra agreeable enough . He liked In a Silent Way , calling it beautifully serene but wished there were other performances with similar reflective moments . The review in The Times by John unk was more positive . He noted that it was not a generally sad affair , hard to take document as are most final recordings of great artists , but instead a compelling last testament of a mighty group and a fine human being . Nick Coleman 's review in The Independent was mixed he wrote that the tempos border on the frantic , phrases are spat , the will to trade licks is never less than unk but quipped that for every sublime passage there 's a butch one . John Fordham of The Guardian contrasted the release to Zawinul 's 2005 live album Vienna Nights . One difference he emphasized was the typhoon drumming of Paco Sery and a battalion of percussionists that gives Zawinul the option of letting long stretches of the music simply groove . He also noted that there was no comparable track with the duet with Shorter on Vienna Nights . Track listing Credits Performance Joe Zawinul keyboards , vocoder Jorge Bezerra percussion , vocals Alegre Corra berimbau , guitar , vocals Sabine Kabongo percussion , vocals Linley Marthe bass Abdelaziz unk percussion , vocals Paco Sery drums , kalimba , vocals Wayne Shorter soprano sax on In a Silent Way Production Joachim Becker executive producer , mixing , producer Klaus unk mixing Holger unk portraits Knut unk cover design unk unk photos Credits adapted from Allmusic and album liner notes . Charts 75 reached a peak position of number eighteen on Billboard 's Top Jazz Albums chart . Awards The album won the 2010 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Jazz Album . The other nominees for the award were Urbanus by Stefon Harris , Sounding Point by Julian Lage , At World 's Edge by Philippe unk , and Big Neighborhood by Mike Stern . Release history
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3,627 | M 40 is a north south state trunkline highway in the Lower Peninsula of the US state of Michigan . The highway runs from US Highway 12 ( US 12 ) near the Indiana state line in Porter Township north through Paw Paw and Allegan to end in the outskirts of Holland . The current northern end is near Interstate 196 ( I 196 ) at an intersection with US 31 Business Loop I 196 ( BL 196 ) . In between , M 40 runs through mixed agricultural and forest lands and along lakes and rivers through Southwest Michigan . The trunkline was designated by July 1 , 1919 along with the rest of the original state highway system along a route that is different that of today . South of Paw Paw , the original M 40 reached Niles and even the Indiana state line for a time . The northern end was extended in stages to Holland . The southern end was shifted in the 1970s , resulting in the current routing . Route description M 40 starts at an intersection with US 12 in rural Cass County . Running north through farm fields , the highway rounds Bar Lake and into the community of Jones . The area around Jones has a few more lakes in a wooded setting . As the trunkline continues north , it passes back into farm lands . The road curves around to the northwest as it passes between Bogart Lake and Streeters Mill Pond near Dutch Settlement Road . M 40 follows Centre Street into Marcellus . When the highway meets the western end of M 216 in town , M 40 turns west along Main Street and runs out of town . The roadway returns to a northerly course , and later it curves northwesterly again near Cedar Lake near the Van Buren County line . Continuing north , the trunkline passes through mixed agricultural and wood lands into the community of Lawton . M 40 follows Main Street through town and exits on a northwestern track towards the village of Paw Paw . M 40 crosses over I 94 and turns north into town running along Maple Lake . The highway crosses the narrow isthmus between the larger Maple Lake and the smaller Ackley Lake , passing through some small residential subdivisions as it leaves Paw Paw . Small farms dot the landscape as M 40 crosses M 43 in a rural area of the county on the way to unk . It is in this small city that the road crosses the Kal Haven Trail State Park , a linear park that follows the former Kalamazoo and South Haven Railroad line . The rail line was converted into a rail trail and allows users to bike , hike or snowmobile between Kalamazoo and South Haven . M 40 crosses into Allegan County near Base Line Lake . The highway follows Jenner Street along some curves near the banks of the Kalamazoo River as the trunkline enters the south side of Allegan . M 40 meets M 89 , and the two highways run concurrently into downtown together on Cedar Street . At the intersection with Cutler Street , M 40 M 89 meets the western end of M 222 and M 40 M 89 turns west onto Cutler Street . The street name changes to Western Avenue as M 40 M 89 curves north and northwest , crossing the Kalamazoo River and leaving town . North of Lake Allegan , M 89 separates and runs west toward Fennville , and M 40 extends to Hamilton , crossing the Rabbit River . The highway runs through more farms and approaches the outskirts of Holland . The trunkline crosses over I 196 and follows Lincoln Road through an industrial area on the southeast side of town . At 48th Street , the highway turns west until meeting Lincoln Avenue . There , M 40 turns north for several blocks before ending at the intersection with BL I 196 US 31 . History When M 40 was created around by July 1 , 1919 , it originally ran from Niles to Dowagiac and Decatur roughly along the current path of M 51 . Then it traveled to the northeast where it entered Paw Paw and continued north to Allegan . By 1921 , M 40 is shown on maps extending south of Niles to the Indiana state line , but not extending to Allegan . The segment from Niles south was used for the routing of US 31 in 1926 . A section of the highway was realigned in the same time period near Paw Paw . After the change , M 40 followed the contemporary US 12 instead of Paw Paw Road . A rerouting of M 89 in 1927 shifted it to run from Allegan southeast to Plainwell instead of east to Martin M 40 replaced M 89 on the Allegan Martin roadway . In 1929 , the routing from Allegan to Martin was removed and renumbered M 118 , and M 40 was extended to the north out of Allegan along M 89 and its modern routing to a new terminus in Holland ending at US 31 . The last segment of unpaved highway was paved in late 1945 or early 1946 . This segment was near unk in central Allegan County . In late 1960 or early 1961 , when the I 94 freeway was completed in Van Buren County , M 40 moved to the new freeway for four miles ( 6 . 4 km ) , between present day exits 56 and 60 , and the former route along old US 12 was returned to local control . In 1971 , all of M 40 south of I 94 was reassigned the designation M 51 while M 40 was shifted to the east to take over the routing of the contemporary M 119 between Paw Paw and its intersection with US 12 in Porter Township near Mottville the M 40 designation on the section of I 94 was dropped . In 1994 , the northern terminus was scaled back from the US 31 business loop to its present terminus at US 31 on the southeast side of Holland . Local officials in Allegan have proposed creation of a truck route around the town . Concerned about the traffic and noise , residents have formed the Citizens for a Safer Community . They cite reports that show that the accident rates in town are higher than the statewide average . The group and local officials are proposing using 24th Street , 118th Avenue and Babylon Road for truck traffic . MDOT would require permits to erect the signs needed for the truck route . The department has indicated that the bypass would not be a state highway . MDOT will not take ownership of the roads needed for the truck route , but overall the department is supportive of the city 's efforts to make the downtown area more pedestrian friendly . Major intersections
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3,628 | The Nino Bixio class was a pair of protected cruisers built for the Italian Regia Marina ( Royal Navy ) in the 1910s . The two ships , Nino Bixio , and Marsala , were built in Castellammare between 1911 and 1914 . They were intended to serve as scouts for the main Italian fleet , and as such required a high top speed . They were overweight as built , which prevented them from reaching their intended maximum speed . They were a disappointment in service , especially compared to the earlier and faster cruiser Quarto , which cut their careers short . Both ships saw limited action during World War I , largely a result of the cautious strategies employed by the Regia Marina and its opponent , the Austro Hungarian Navy . Nino Bixio was involved in the pursuit of a group of Austro Hungarian raiders in December 1915 , but did not engage them before they escaped . Marsala briefly battled Austro Hungarian cruisers during the Battle of the Otranto Straits in May 1917 . Both ships were sold for scrapping in the late 1920s , the victims of very tight naval budgets and their own poor performance . Design General characteristics The ships of the Nino Bixio class were designed as fleet scouts by Engineering Captain Giuseppe Rota , along similar lines to the cruiser Quarto . The ships were 131 . 4 meters ( 431 ft ) long at the waterline and 140 . 3 m ( 460 ft ) long overall . They had a beam of 13 m ( 43 ft ) and a draft of 4 . 1 m ( 13 ft ) . The ships displaced 3 , 575 metric tons ( 3 , 519 long tons 3 , 941 short tons ) and up to 4 , 141 t ( 4 , 076 long tons 4 , 565 short tons ) at full load . The ships were fitted with a pair of pole masts equipped with spotting tops located at the forward and aft conning tower . Their crew consisted 13 officers and 283 enlisted men . The Nino Bixio class ships were only lightly armored , with a 38 mm ( 1 . 5 in ) thick deck , and 100 mm ( 3 . 9 in ) thick plating on their forward conning tower . Propulsion system The ships ' propulsion system consisted of three Curtiss steam turbines , each driving a screw propeller . Steam was provided by fourteen mixed coal and oil firing Blechynden boilers that were trunked into four funnels the first two were closely spaced just aft of the foremast and the other two were farther spaced further aft . The engines were rated for 22 , 500 shaft horsepower ( 16 , 800 kW ) which should have given the ships a top speed of 29 knots ( 54 km h 33 mph ) , but neither ship reached that speed in service owing to their being overweight . Nino Bixio 's engines reached 23 , 000 shp ( 17 , 000 kW ) for a top speed of 26 . 82 kn ( 49 . 67 km h 30 . 86 mph ) , while Marsala was slightly faster at 27 . 66 kn ( 51 . 23 km h 31 . 83 mph ) at the same horsepower both ships were a disappointment , especially compared to the older but faster Quarto . The Nino Bixio class ships had a range of 1 , 400 nautical miles ( 2 , 600 km 1 , 600 mi ) at a cruising speed of 13 kn ( 24 km h 15 mph ) . Armament The ships were armed with a main battery of six 120 mm ( 4 . 7 in ) L 50 guns mounted singly . Two were placed side by side forward , with the other four located on the centerline , two amidships and two in a superfiring pair aft of the mainmast . The guns were the Pattern EE type , the same type employed as secondary guns on the dreadnought battleships of the Dante Alighieri and Conte di Cavour classes , and were manufactured by Armstrong Whitworth . They were 3 . 35 metric ton ( 3 . 30 long ton 3 . 69 short ton ) guns that fired a 22 . 5 kilogram ( 50 lb ) projectile at a muzzle velocity of 860 meters per second ( 2 , 800 ft s ) , at a rate of 6 shots per minute . The ships were also equipped with six 76 mm ( 3 . 0 in ) L 50 guns , the same Pattern unk type guns used on the Italian dreadnoughts , which provided close range defense . These guns weighed 1 . 14 t ( 1 . 12 long tons 1 . 26 short tons ) and fired 5 . 6 kg ( 12 lb ) and 7 kg ( 15 lb ) shells at 815 m s ( 2 , 670 ft s ) . They had a rate of fire of 15 shells per minute . They were also armed with two 450 mm ( 18 in ) torpedo tubes submerged in the hull . The ships were also fitted with equipment to store and launch 200 naval mines . Ships Service history Italy had initially declared neutrality at the start of World War I , despite having been allied to Germany and Austria Hungary . By May 1915 , the Triple Entente had convinced the Italian government to enter the war against their erstwhile allies . The main Italian fleet was kept at the southern end of the Adriatic , at Brindisi , and in the Mediterranean , at Taranto , where it would be safe from Austro Hungarian U boats . The Austro Hungarians , meanwhile , employed a fleet in being strategy while conducting raids with small craft and U boats . For the duration of the war , Nino Bixio and Marsala were stationed at Brindisi , where they could quickly respond to Austro Hungarian raids . In December 1915 , Nino Bixio and several other warships , including British cruisers , sortied in response to an Austro Hungarian attack on transports supplying the Serbian Army through Albania . Nino Bixio pursued the cruiser SMS Helgoland before the latter escaped under cover of darkness . Marsala saw action during the Battle of the Otranto Straits in May 1917 , though Nino Bixio did not have steam up in her boilers when the Austro Hungarians attacked , so she was unable to join her sister ship . Marsala briefly clashed with the Austro Hungarian cruisers before Rear Admiral Alfredo Acton , the Italian commander , broke off the engagement following the arrival of the powerful Austro Hungarian armored cruiser SMS Sankt Georg . The unk and funding cuts that followed the end of the war in 1918 continued into the 1920s for the Regia Marina , and disposing of the two Nino Bixio class ships , which had never met design expectations , was an easy means to trim the naval budget . Nino Bixio and Marsala were stricken from the naval register in March 1929 and November 1927 , respectively , and were subsequently sold for scrap .
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3,629 | Mine Again is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey , from her tenth studio album The Emancipation of Mimi ( 2005 ) . It was co written and co produced by Carey and James Poyser . It was recorded at MSR Studios and Honeywest Studios , both located New York City . It is a neo soul and soul inspired ballad . The lyrics revolve around the protagonist wishing for a second chance at a seemingly failed relationship . The song garnered positive reviews from music critics , praising Carey and Poyser 's production and her vocal performance . Upon the release of The Emancipation of Mimi , Mine Again debuted on the US Hot R B Hip Hop Songs chart at number 82 , and reached a peak of number 73 . In 2006 , it was nominated for the Best Traditional R B Performance at the Grammy Awards . Background In 2001 , Carey suffered a physical and emotional breakdown , causing her to abandon promotion of her then released studio album Glitter ( 2001 ) , and its accompanying film . Since she was hospitalized for exhaustion , the film project received strongly negative critical feedback , with the album faring slightly better . Following Carey 's absence from the public eye , as well as her abandonment of promotional appearances for the film and soundtrack , her unprecedented 100 million five album record deal with Virgin Records ( EMI Records ) was bought out for 50 million . After recovering and completing her contractual agreement with Virgin Records , Carey began recording her intended comeback and follow up album , Charmbracelet ( 2002 ) . The album focused on incorporating several inspirational ballads and re capturing Carey 's audience from the 1990s . However , critics took notice of Carey 's different vocals . As Glitter was an unsuccessful mixture of covers and dance music , Charmbracelet incorporated slower , contemporary melodies . In his review of the album , Stephen Thomas Erlewine criticized the album 's content , describing Carey 's voice as in tatters . He wrote , Whenever she sings , there 's a raspy whistle behind her thin voice and she strains to make notes throughout the record . She cannot coo or softly croon , nor can she perform her trademark gravity defying vocal runs . Her voice is damaged , and there 's not a moment where it sounds strong or inviting . Though fueled by strong media attention regarding Carey 's return to music , as well as her new deal with Island Records , the album failed to deliver the type of success she had been accustomed to throughout the 1990s , and only managed sales of five million copies globally . After the album 's release , and its succeeding tour , Carey began conceptualizing and working on a new project , eventually titled The Emancipation of Mimi , her tenth studio effort . By November 2004 , Carey had already recorded several songs for the album . Production and recording Mine Again was co written and co produced by Carey and James Poyser . The song was recorded at MSR Studios and Honeywest Studios , both located in New York City . The engineers were Dana Jon Chappelle and Brian Garten , and they were assisted by Jason Finkel and Michael Leedy . Mine Again was mixed by Phil Tan at MSR Studios , while the song was mastered by Herb Powers at the now closed The Hit Factory in New York City . A multitude of instrumental musicians were involved with the song 's production , including Chops Horns playing the horn , Darryl Dixon playing the alto saxophone , Joe unk playing the trumpet and flugelhorn , Jeff Dieterle playing the trombone and bass trombone , Rick unk playing the tenor saxophone and flute , Randy Jackson on the bass , Poyser on the keyboards , Jeffrey Lee Johnson on the guitars and Charles Drayton on the drums . Composition Mine Again is an old school ' 70s smooth soul , and neo soul ballad . The lyrics revolve around the protagonist wishing for a second chance at a seemingly failed relationship . Mine Again is written in the key of B flat major and is set in common time with a moderate dance groove with 66 beats per minute ( BPM ) . Carey 's vocal range spans three octaves from the lower note of F4 to the higher note of F 7 . The song includes piano keys and guitar strings as part of its instrumental composition . The song begins with the lyric , I remember when you used to be mine , way back then . Critical reception Mine Again garnered positive reviews from music critics . Stephen Thomas Erlewine for Allmusic wrote that Mine Again was especially welcome and deliciously sleek and praised Poyser 's production . Todd Burns for Stylus Magazine wrote that the song was a Carey signature show off track . Sal unk for Slant Magazine noted that the songs which did not work well on the album were the ones where Carey performs a song in the style of her successors , such as Usher by way of Jermaine Dupri on Shake It Off , Twista via The Legendary Traxster on One and Only , and The Neptunes on To the Floor . However , Cinquemani praised Carey for channeling a predecessor instead of one of her successors , such as channeling Prince on Mine Again and Joy Ride , describing the outcome sublime . Cinquemani also wrote that Mine Again , and another track from the album called I Wish You Knew , were over sung and would blow the 7th grade talent show competition away . Accolades Credits and personnel Recording Recorded at MSR Studios , New York City and Honeywest Studios , New York City . Mixed at Larrabee Studios in Universal City , California . Mastering at The Hit Factory , New York City . Credits adapted from the liner notes of The Emancipation of Mimi . Charts Mine Again debuted on the at number 82 on the US Hot R B Hip Hop Songs chart on June 6 , 2005 . On August 13 , 2005 , the song charted and number 77 , and fell to 89 the following week . For the week dated September 17 , 2005 , Mine Again charted at number 95 . The song peaked at number 73 on October 29 , 2005 , and fell to number 85 the following week . It remained on the chart for a total of 14 weeks .
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3,630 | Duffless is the sixteenth episode of The Simpsons ' fourth season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 18 , 1993 . After getting arrested for drunk driving , Homer tries to remain sober , at Marge 's request . Meanwhile , Lisa attempts to prove that Bart is less intelligent than a hamster after he ruins her first science fair project . It was written by David M. Stern , and directed by Jim Reardon . The episode received a positive reception . Plot Bart has a dream that he is at the school science fair presenting a Go Go Ray . He zaps all the teachers , resulting in their dancing uncontrollably . Principal Skinner declares him the winner , but Bart wakes up realizing it was Lisa messing with him . At breakfast , Lisa shows the family her science fair project , a steroid enhanced tomato that she hopes will cure world hunger . Bart 's project is to study the effects of cigarette smoking on dogs his volunteer is Santa 's Little Helper . At the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant , Homer ducks out of work early and accompanies Barney on a tour of the Duff brewery . After the tour , Homer refuses to let the exceptionally drunk Barney drive home and forces him to hand over his keys . On their way out of the parking lot , their car is pulled over by Police Chief Wiggum , along with Eddie and Lou . They administer a breathalyzer test to Homer , which he fails . He is arrested , his license is revoked , and he must attend traffic school and Alcoholics Anonymous meetings . At school , three days before the science fair , Lisa leaves her super tomato under Bart 's care for a moment and he takes the opportunity to hurl it at Skinner while he is bent over tying his shoe . When Lisa sees what Bart has done with her project , she is furious . Lisa appeals to Marge for help , who suggests she run a hamster through a maze . Lisa takes the idea to heart , but instead of just testing the intelligence of a rodent , she pits a hamster against an unknowing Bart to find out who is smarter . After two simple tests , the hamster leads two to zero . In bed , Marge gives Homer a magazine quiz about his drinking . Hearing his answers , she asks him to give up beer for a month , to which he agrees . Homer tries not to think about beer while he rides Lisa 's bike to work . After a series of severe temptations , Homer crashes the bike as hundreds of bottles of Duff parachuted down on him from a blimp . Bart later discovers Lisa 's plans to humiliate him at the science fair and preempts them with a project of his own , Can hamsters fly planes . Lisa tries to reason that his project has no scientific merit , but everyone ignores her . A cute hamster sitting in the cockpit of a miniature plane wins over Skinner and he hands Bart the winning ribbon , much to Lisa 's dismay . At Homer 's Alcoholics Anonymous meeting , he is kicked out by Reverend Lovejoy after confessing that his desperation for the taste of beer led him to sneak into the football stadium and eat the dirt underneath the bleachers . But he exhibits more positive changes such as losing weight , saving over 100 and no longer sweating while he eats . After thirty days of sobriety , Homer rushes back to Moe 's , despite Marge asking him to stay home . However , after seeing how alcohol has ruined the lives of Barney and the other barflies , he turns around and goes home . Homer and Marge ride a bike into the sunset . Production Bart 's go go ray idea was stolen from the opening credits of Johnny Quest . Mike Reiss said they did not want to show the hamster getting shocked but had to for plot purposes . The first line Richard Nixon says , during the Duff commercial , was taken verbatim from the Kennedy Nixon Debate during the 1960 Presidential Campaign . Adolf Hitler 's head , among other things , can be seen going by in bottles of Duff when the quality control man is not paying attention . The episode contains the first appearance of Sarah Wiggum . The episode contains a two second snippet of footage from Bart the Daredevil a close up of Homer making a disappointed face and saying D 'oh when he gets arrested . Cultural references When Bart reaches for the cupcakes and collapses , it is a parody of a scene in A Clockwork Orange , where the main character Alex reaches for a woman 's breasts . The Duff clock is a parody of the It 's a Small World clock . In the Duff TV advertisement , a group of women were leading an anti sexism protest in front of the McMahon and Tate building , a reference to the advertising agency from Bewitched . The scene toward the end where Moe points toward individual customers declaring they will be back before pointing toward and addressing the viewer ( later revealed to be Barney via a cutaway ) is a parody of the end of the film Reefer Madness . The final scene , where Homer and Marge cycle into the distance while Raindrops Keep Fallin ' on My Head plays is a reference to the film Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid . Homer 's song It was a Very Good Beer is sung to the tune of the 1961 song It Was a Very Good Year one of its lyrics is Homer stating he stayed up and listened to the music of the British band Queen . Bart sitting in the chair , stroking the hamster is a reference to James Bond character Ernst Stavro Blofeld , who strokes a cat in his chair . Reception Duffless aired during February sweeps and finished 19th in the weekly ratings for the week of February 15 21 , 1993 with a Nielsen rating of 15 . 2 and was viewed in 14 . 2 million homes . It was the highest rated show from the Fox Network that week . The authors of the book I Can 't Believe It 's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide , Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood said , A superb episode with a sincere message . Homer is excellent throughout , but it is the cameos by Principal Skinner and Edna Krabappel that steal the show , especially the latter 's reaction to Milhouse 's Slinky . Entertainment Weekly ranked the episode as number eleven on their list of the top twenty five The Simpsons episodes .
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3,631 | SM U 69 was a Type U 66 submarine or U boat for the German Imperial Navy ( German Kaiserliche Marine ) during the First World War . She had been laid down in February 1914 as U 10 the fourth boat of the U 7 class for the Austro Hungarian Navy ( German Kaiserliche und Knigliche Kriegsmarine or K.u.K. Kriegsmarine ) but was sold to Germany , along with the others in her class , in November 1914 . The submarine was ordered as U 10 from Germaniawerft of Kiel as the first of five boats of the U 7 class for the Austro Hungarian Navy . After the outbreak of World War I in August 1914 , the Austro Hungarian Navy became convinced that none of the submarines of the class could be delivered to the Adriatic via Gibraltar . As a consequence , the entire class , including U 10 , was sold to the German Imperial Navy in November 1914 . Under German control , the class became known as the U 66 type and the boats were renumbered U 10 became U 69 , and all were redesigned and reconstructed to German specifications . U 69 was launched in June 1915 and commissioned in September . As completed , she displaced 791 tonnes ( 779 long tons ) , surfaced , and 933 tonnes ( 918 long tons ) , submerged . The boat was 69 . 50 metres ( 228 ft ) long and was armed with five torpedo tubes and a deck gun . As a part of the 4th Flotilla , U 69 sank 31 ships with a combined gross register tonnage of 102 , 875 in five war patrols . U 69 left Emden on her sixth patrol on 9 July 1917 for operations off Ireland . On 11 July , U 69 reported her position off Norway but neither she nor any of her crew were ever heard from again . British records say that U 69 was sunk by destroyer HMS Patriot on 12 July , but a German postwar study cast doubt on this . U 69 's fate is officially unknown . Design and construction After the Austro Hungarian Navy had competitively evaluated three foreign submarine designs , it selected the Germaniawerft 506d design , also known as the Type UD , for its new U 7 class of five submarines . The Navy ordered five boats on 1 February 1913 . The U 7 class was seen by the Austro Hungarian Navy as an improved version of its U 3 class , which was also a Germaniawerft design . As designed for the Austro Hungarian Navy , the boats were to displace 695 tonnes ( 684 long tons ) on the surface and 885 tonnes ( 871 long tons ) while submerged . The doubled hulled boats were to be 69 . 50 metres ( 228 ft ) long overall with a beam of 6 . 30 metres ( 20 . 7 ft ) and a draft of 3 . 79 metres ( 12 . 4 ft ) . The Austrian specifications called for two shafts with twin diesel engines ( 2 , 300 metric horsepower ( 2 , 269 bhp 1 , 692 kW ) total ) for surface running at up to 17 knots ( 31 km h 20 mph ) , and twin electric motors ( 1 , 240 PS ( 1 , 223 shp 912 kW ) total ) for a maximum of 11 knots ( 20 km h 13 mph ) when submerged . The boats were designed with five 45 cm ( 17 . 7 in ) torpedo tubes four located in the bow , one in the stern . The boats ' armament was to also include a single 6 . 6 cm ( 2 . 6 in ) deck gun . U 10 was laid down on 7 February 1914 , and her construction was slated to be complete within 29 to 33 months . Neither U 10 nor any of her sister boats were complete when World War I began in August 1914 . With the boats under construction at Kiel , the Austrians became convinced that it would be impossible to take delivery of the boats , which would need to be towed into the Mediterranean past Gibraltar , a British territory . As a result , U 10 and her four sisters were sold to the Imperial German Navy on 28 November 1914 . U 10 was renumbered by the Germans as U 69 when her class was redesignated as the Type U 66 . The Imperial German Navy had the submarines redesigned and reconstructed to German standards , which increased the surface displacement by 96 tonnes ( 94 long tons ) and the submerged by 48 tonnes ( 47 long tons ) . The torpedo load was increased by a third , from 9 to 12 , and the deck gun was upgraded from the 6 . 6 cm ( 2 . 6 in ) gun originally specified to an 8 . 8 cm ( 3 . 5 in ) one . Service career U 69 was launched on 24 June 1915 . On 4 September , SM U 69 was commissioned into the Imperial German Navy under the command of Kapitnleutnant Ernst Wilhelms . On 4 March 1916 , U 69 was assigned to the IV . U Halbflotille . U 69 successfully completed five war patrols in which she sank 31 ships with a combined a total of 102 , 875 gross register tons ( GRT ) . U 69 's most successful month for number of ships sunk was April 1916 , when she sank eight ships of 21 , 051 tons in a span of six days . The month with the highest tonnage sunk was June 1917 when she sank five ships of 28 , 808 tons in a nine day span nearly half of that total came from one ship , the 13 , 441 ton British armed merchant cruiser Avenger sunk on 14 June . Avenger had been patrolling off the Shetland Islands and was returning to Scapa Flow , when she was struck by a single torpedo on the port side . The ship began listing heavily and non essential crew were evacuated while destroyers arrived and took her under tow . Despite strenuous efforts to save her , Avenger foundered ten hours after being hit when her internal bulkheads collapsed . One man was killed in the attack . U 69 began her sixth and final patrol on 9 July when she departed from Emden , destined for operations off Ireland . U 69 's position report at 02 30 on 11 July reported that she was 35 nautical miles ( 65 km 40 mi ) south of unk , Norway , and was the last known contact with U 69 . According to author Dwight Messimer , two British sources report that HMS Patriot sank U 69 at position 60 25 N 1 32 E on 12 July . An observer in a kite balloon deployed by Patriot spotted a surfaced U boat at 07 00 . The U boat submerged and Patriot hunted the submarine until noon , when it loosed two depth charges that brought thick brown oil to the surface . A postwar study by Germany cast doubt on whether or not the submarine attacked by Patriot was U 69 . Officially , her fate remains unknown . Summary of raiding history
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3,632 | The Vedaranyam March or Vedaranyam Satyagraha was organised to protest the salt tax imposed by the British Raj in India . The march took place in April 1930 and was the second of its kind following the Dandi March organised by Mahatma Gandhi , both in the framework of the Civil Disobedience Movement . The march was led by a group of 100 volunteers from the Indian National Congress ( INC ) under the leadership of C. Rajagopalachari often referred to as Rajaji . It began at Trichinopoly ( now Tiruchirappalli ) and ended in Vedaranyam , a small coastal town in Tanjore District . By collecting salt directly from the sea , the marchers broke the salt law . Rajaji spoke to people along the march 's route about the importance of unk , issues of ' social disabilities ' ( cast discrimination ) and civil disobedience . The campaign ended on 28 April 1930 when the participants were arrested , following which Rajaji was imprisoned for six months . Background In response to a nationwide protest against the British salt tax , Gandhi initiated a salt march on 6 April 1930 to Dandi then a small village in the Bombay Presidency on the western coast of India . Rajaji , a close associate of Gandhi who also participated in the Dandi march , organised a march to India 's east coast to make salt at Vedaranyam , Tanjore District in Madras Presidency . He chose Vedaranyam instead of Tuticorin , a larger salt making centre , because the former had convenient salt marshes and because Vedaratnam Pillai was a local resident , salt merchant , INC activist and philanthropist who would be able to supply moral and logistic support to the marchers . Rajaji started the march from Trichinopoly , 150 miles ( 240 km ) west of Vedaranyam . Rajaji was unanimously elected president of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee ten days prior to the march , and insisted that only people willing to risk death or long prison terms should participate . Nearly 100 members of the INC , including T. S. S. Rajan , Sardar Vedaratnam , Rukmini unk , K. Kamaraj , M. Bhaktavatsalam , and C. R. Narasimhan , joined the rally . In addition , social activists such as A. unk Iyer and G. Ramachandran also joined the group . The march The march , coinciding with the Tamil New Year , commenced on 13 April 1930 from T. S. S. Rajan 's house in Trichinopoly Cantonment . As the march proceeded towards Tanjore district its astute and energetic District Collector J. A. Thorne ( ICS ) tried to stop it . Using newspapers , Tamil handbills and town unk , Thorne informed would be hosts that anyone offering food or shelter to the marchers was liable to six months ' imprisonment and a fine . When informed of the threat , Rajaji retorted that he could understand the mindset of his own people better than a British ICS officer could , and added , Thorne and thistles cannot stem this tide of freedom . Ignoring Thorne 's order , Sri unk Iyer , a resident of Kumbakonam , and Sri Krishnaswami Iyer , a resident of unk provided accommodation for two days and arranged a grand dinner for the group at his house before being arrested . Iyer 's arrest inspired people to invent ways to help the marchers without getting caught . Food packets were found tied to branches of roadside trees , and when the group rested by the Cauvery riverbank , they found indicators where huge food containers were buried . By contrast , the British police suffered from starvation when local residents refused them food or even water . Indian staff who were employed by the British stopped carrying out their day to day activities , while barbers and unk refused service to government employees . Despite various obstacles , the group reached Vedaranyam on 28 April , 15 days after setting out . When Gandhi was informed he wrote back It is good that our hands and feet are tied so that we can sing with joy . God is the help of the helpless . The speeches made by Rajaji during the march highlighted the importance of Khadi issues of ' social disabilities ' ( caste discrimination ) and the significance of the Civil Disobedience Movement . The police , in spite of previous failures , heightened security at Vedaranyam to prevent the marchers from making illegal salt . As soon as they reached Vedaranyam , Rajaji declared that the salt laws would be broken on 30 April 1930 and called for more unk unk after 2 days trial came to join the march and gave support of Rajaji Sardar Vedaratnam offered accommodation to the group by constructing a camp on the shore . On the same day , when Rajaji and 16 others moved to a place called unk salt swamp 2 miles ( 3 . 2 km ) from the camp , a police force led by the District Superintendent arrived there . The group was asked to surrender . When they refused , Rajaji was arrested and produced before the district magistrate Ponnusamy Pillai . He was sentenced to six months ' imprisonment and was immediately sent to Trichinopoly . Other participants were also arrested and tortured by the policemen . Rukmini unk was imprisoned for one year she was the first woman to serve a jail term for participating in the Salt Satyagraha movement . Aftermath The following day , shops all over the state closed . People continued to make salt at Vedaranyam , despite repeated arrests and the use of brutal force by police . Apart from the marchers , 375 people in the Tanjore district were arrested for protests against the British . Collector Thorne , who at first had been confident of his ability to prevent the march , was forced to report to his superiors , If there ever existed a fervid sense of devotion to the ( British ) Government , it is now the defunct . At midnight on 5 May 1930 , Gandhi was arrested at his ashram in unk and sent to Poona , Bombay State . On 21 May , Sarojini Naidu and Gandhi 's son unk Gandhi broke into the Dharasana salt works together with 2 , 500 volunteers . They were attacked and arrested by police , resulting in the death of two people and some 320 injured . A fortnight later , Rajaji was transferred From the Trichinopoly prison to Madras , then to the Bellary Central Jail .
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3,633 | Taapsee Pannu ( born 1 August 1987 ) is an Indian model and actress , who mainly works in the South Indian film industry , though she has also appeared in Bollywood films . Taapsee worked as a software professional and also pursued a career in modelling before becoming an actress . During her modelling career , she appeared in a number of commercials and won titles such as Pantaloons Femina Miss Fresh Face and Safi Femina Miss Beautiful Skin in 2008 . After a short stint with modelling , Taapsee made her acting debut with the 2010 Telugu film unk Naadam directed by Raghavendra Rao . Since then , she has appeared in a number of critically acclaimed films such as Aadukalam , unk Naa Raju and Mr. Perfect . Her Tamil film Aadukalam won six National Film Awards at the 58th National Film Awards . She has also worked in a Malayalam film and has been signed on for three Telugu films and a Hindi film . She was awarded Most Enthusiastic Performer Female Award at the 2014 Edison Awards for her performance in Tamil film unk ( 2013 ) . In 2015 , she starred in the critically and commercially successful film Baby . Early life and modeling Taapsee was born on 1 August 1987 in New Delhi into a Jat Sikh family . She has a sister named unk Pannu and plans to launch her into films as well . She did her schooling at the Mata Jai Kaur Public School in Ashok Vihar , Delhi . After completing her graduation in Computer Science Engineering from the Guru Tegh Bahadur Institute of Technology in New Delhi , she worked as a software engineer . She became a full time model after she auditioned and was selected for Channel V 's talent show Get Gorgeous , which eventually led her to acting . Taapsee has appeared in numerous print and television commercials and won several titles during her modelling days , including Pantaloons Femina Miss Fresh Face and Safi Femina Miss Beautiful Skin at the 2008 Femina Miss India contest . As a model , she endorsed brands like Reliance Trends , Red FM 93 . 5 , unk Image , Coca Cola , Motorola , Pantaloon , PVR Cinemas , Standard Chartered Bank , Dabur , Airtel , Tata Docomo , World Gold Council , unk and unk . She has also been featured on the cover of magazines Just For Women and unk . After a few years , she lost interest in modelling as she thought that she could never gain proper recognition through modelling but only through films and finally , decided to act . 2010 2015 Debut in films Taapsee made her cinematic debut in 2010 with K. Raghavendra Rao 's romantic musical unk Naadam . She played the role of the daughter of a US based millionaire who comes to India to research traditional Telugu music . Taapsee got three more offers in Telugu prior to the film 's release . Her next film Aadukalam ( 2011 ) , marked her debut in Tamil cinema . She played the role of an Anglo Indian girl falling in love with a rural man played by Dhanush . The film , set in the backdrop of Madurai , revolves around cockfights . It was critically acclaimed and proceeded to win six National Film Awards at the 58th National Film Awards ceremony . Speaking about her role , a reviewer from Sify said , Debutant Taapsee is a promising find and she suits the character of an Anglo Indian girl to the T. She returned to the Telugu film industry with unk Naa Raju ( 2011 ) opposite Vishnu Manchu . She made a foray into Malayalam cinema later that year , with Doubles ( 2011 ) opposite Mammootty and Nadiya unk . Paresh C Palicha of Rediff commented , Taapsee Pannu as Saira Banu , whose entry into the scene becomes the bone of contention between the siblings , has nothing noteworthy to do . Taapsee played a short role in her next release , Mr. Perfect ( 2011 ) . In it , she acted alongside Prabhas and Kajal Aggarwal and the film was a moderate success . She starred in a high budget film titled Veera ( 2011 ) opposite Ravi Teja and Kajal Aggarwal , which received moderate reviews . She was next seen in her second Tamil film unk unk that fetched mixed reviews and did not fare well at the box office . Her next film was Krishna Vamsi 's Mogudu where she acted as a traditional Telugu girl opposite Gopichand and garnered critical acclaim for her performance . She worked on the Tamil Telugu bilingual unk unk titled unk unk in Tamil apart from unk and Shadow . She also made her Bollywood debut through Chashme unk where she shares the screen with Siddharth , Rishi Kapoor , unk Sharma and Ali Zafar . The film is a remake of the 1981 film with the same title . Taapsee was also approached to dub the voice of Hollywood actress Katee Sackhoff in the Tamil , Telugu and Hindi versions of the science fiction film Riddick , but declined the offer due to her prior commitments . In later 2013 , she was seen in the big budget action thriller unk co starring Ajith Kumar and Arya . She was awarded Most Enthusiastic Performer Female Award at the 2014 Edison Awards for her performance in the film . After a year without releases , she starred opposite Akshay Kumar in Neeraj Pandey 's film Baby ( 2015 ) , as an undercover agent . Later , she had two Tamil releases , the horror comedy Muni 3 opposite Raghava Lawrence and Aishwarya R. Dhanush 's Vai Raja Vai , which featured her in special appearance . Her upcoming films include the Hindi films Running unk alongside Amit unk , and Agra Ka unk by Amit Roy and a Tamil film to be directed by Selvaraghavan . 2016 present After finishing Baby , Taapsee joined unk Sircar 's next film , titled Pink , and the bilingual submarine film Ghazi , to be directed by debutant unk . She is also working in Prakash Raj s Hindi directorial debut unk Which also stars Shriya Saran , Nana Patekar and Ali Fazal . Personal life When asked in January 2015 about her personal relationships , Taapsee said , I have dated a South Indian . Also I have never dated a star and will never date one and that I can write and give you on a stamp paper . I am clear that there can be only one star in the relationship and that 's me . I personally don 't think it can work out between an actor and an actress . Filmography
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3,634 | O 'Brien Schofield ( born April 3 , 1987 ) is an American football outside linebacker who is currently a free agent . He was drafted by the Arizona Cardinals in the fourth round of the 2010 NFL Draft and played for them for three seasons . He was also a member of the Seattle Seahawks during their Super Bowl XLVIII championship season and the Atlanta Falcons . He played college football at Wisconsin . As a fifth year redshirt senior defensive end for the 2009 Wisconsin Badgers he ranked second in the nation in tackles for a loss ( TFLs ) and second in the Big Ten Conference in quarterback sacks . For the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season , he earned several second team and honorable mention All American recognitions by various publications . He was a first team 2009 All Big Ten Conference selection . He earned the defensive MVP award at the 2010 East West Shrine Game , but was injured during practice for the 2010 Senior Bowl the subsequent week . High School Schofield attended North Chicago Community High School . In high school Schofield was a Lake County , Illinois 2003 All county second team selection and 2004 first team selection in football . He was also a special mention All state selection in 2004 . In basketball , he was an All county honorable mention for 2004 05 . In high school he played wide receiver as a sophomore , defensive end as a junior and end , linebacker , receiver , fullback , placekicker , kick returner and punt returner as a senior . He also ran track . Scout.com rated him as the 55th best high school football linebacker in the country . Rivals.com ranked him as the 24th best defensive end in the country and the 24th best football unk in Illinois . College career Schofield did not appear in any games for the 2005 Badgers and recorded no statistics although he appeared in five games for the 2006 Badgers . He recorded his first tackle on September 15 for the 2007 Badgers against The Citadel Bulldogs and his first sack and TFL on August 30 for the 2008 team against the Akron Zips . He concluded his career with a total of 17 sacks and 33 TFLs . He also accumulated 4 forced fumbles . On June 7 , 2007 , 20 year old Schofield lost his 19 year old brother , Joshua , who drowned on a beach in Zion , IL . He was the 2009 Big Ten Conference runner up in sacks with 12 to Ryan Kerrigan and runner up in TFLs with 24 . 5 to Brandon Graham . He ranked second in the nation in TFLs game . At the conclusion of the 2009 Big Ten Conference football season he was a 2009 First team All Big Ten selection by the coaches and media . He concluded his career for Wisconsin Badgers football with the 2009 team in the December 29 , 2009 Champs Sports Bowl . For the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season , he was a second team All American selection by Scout.com and an honorable mention by College Football News , Sports Illustrated , and Pro Football Weekly . During the season he was the October 4 , 2009 Big Ten Defensive Player of the Week for his October 3 performance against the Minnesota Golden Gophers . He was selected as a midseason semifinalists for the Bednarik Award . The January 23 , 2010 East West Shrine Game , in which he earned defensive MVP , was his last game . He recorded an interception on a Max Hall pass and made three solo tackles in the game . Schofield was projected to play linebacker in the NFL . During the week of practice at the Shrine Game , he performed with the linebackers in order to demonstrate his NFL potential for scouts . However , in the subsequent week of practice for the January 30 , 2010 Senior Bowl , Schofield tore his anterior cruciate ligament . Professional career Arizona Cardinals Schofield was drafted in the 4th round of the 2010 NFL Draft , 130th overall , by the Arizona Cardinals . Since Schofield was injured , he was considered a good value because his talent level was near first round draft choice level . He was expected to begin the 2010 NFL season on the physically unable to perform list but return late in the year as an outside linebacker . Although he played on the defensive line in college , he was projected to play outside linebacker for the Cardinals who had Joey Porter and Will Davis on their roster . Schofield signed a 4 year contract on July 27 , 2010 . On August 31 , he was placed on the reserve non football injury list . He made his NFL debut on October 31 , 2010 in Week 8 , against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers . Schofield forced a fumble against the Minnesota Vikings on November 7 on kick coverage that was recovered for a touchdown . Schofield recorded his first NFL sack on December 25 , 2010 , when he sacked QB Stephen McGee for an 11 yard loss in a 27 26 Arizona win over the Dallas Cowboys . In the Cardinals January 2 , 2011 regular season finale against the San Francisco 49ers , Schofield sacked QB Alex Smith for a 5 yard loss . He had his first two sack game on December 18 , 2011 , against Seneca Wallace on back to back fourth quarter plays of an overtime victory over the Cleveland Browns . He became a starter during the 2012 NFL season . On July 25 , 2013 , he was released by the Arizona Cardinals . Seattle Seahawks On July 27 , 2013 , Schofield was claimed off waivers by the Seattle Seahawks . He posted a sack of Cam Newton in his debut with the 2013 Seahawks against the Carolina Panthers . After helping the Seahawks win Super Bowl XLVIII , he became a free agent . On March 11 , 2014 , Schofield and the New York Giants agreed on a two year , 8 million contract . However the deal was called off due to a problem with his physical . He re signed with the Seahawks on May 2 , 2014 . Atlanta Falcons On March 12 , 2015 , Schofield signed with the Atlanta Falcons . Personal Schofield is the eldest of five children of Anthony and Dawn Schofield . Younger brother Admiral Schofield plays basketball at the University of Tennessee . His uncle Andre Carter played safety at Clemson . Schofield is a cousin of both Vonnie Holliday and Bobby Engram who both have had long National Football League careers .
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3,635 | Hannah Buckling ( born 3 June 1992 in Sydney , Australia ) is an Australian water polo centre back . She attended the Wenona Girls School and is currently attending the University of Sydney while working on a Bachelor of Science . She started playing water polo as a twelve year old . She played club water polo for the Sydney Northern Beaches Breakers and as a junior player represented New South Wales in national competitions and Australia in international competitions . She plays for the Sydney Uni Lions in the National Water Polo League . As s representative of Australia on the junior and senior level , she had her first international cap during the 2008 Australian Junior Tour at the Pythia Cup . She was a member of the Australian side that finished third at the 2011 FINA Junior World Championships . As a member of the senior team , she competed at the 2011 Canada Cup and helped the team take home gold . She is one of seventeen players vying for thirteen spots to go to 2012 Summer Olympics as a member of the Australia women 's national water polo team . Personal Buckling was born on 3 June 1992 in Sydney , but calls Mosman , New South Wales her hometown . Her grandfather represented Wales as a member of the Wales School Boy team in rugby union . She attended Wenona Girls School located in North Sydney , New South Wales . She is currently working on a Bachelor of Science at the University of Sydney . She is 177 cm ( 5 ft 10 in ) tall , weights 75 kilograms ( 165 lb ) and is right handed . Water polo Buckling prefers to wear cap number six and plays in the centre back position . She started playing water polo as a twelve year old in Year 7 at Wenona Girls School . In 2011 , she was named a Sydney Uni Sport Fitness St Andrew s College Foundation Awards winner because of her water polo . She has a water polo scholarship from the New South Wales Institute of Sport . Club and state representative teams When she was Buckling , she joined the Sydney Northern Beaches Breakers water polo team who continue to be her water polo club . One of her club team mates was another future national team member , Emily Scott . Buckling gave Scott advice related to future planning for water polo playing . While playing the sport casually on school and club level , she got a new coach at the Breakers , Jamie Ryan . Ryan helped elevate Buckling 's intensity at practice and become a more serious player . In 2007 , she was a member of the New South Wales development squad and competed on the 2007 16 Under National Championships Girls where she scored 15 goals in the competition . In 2008 , she again represented New South Wales at the 2008 16 Under National Championships Girls where she scored 13 goals . At the 18 Under National Championships Girls in 2008 , she scored only 8 goals . In 2009 , at the 18 Under Girls National Championship and a member of the New South Wales side , she scored 8 goals . That same year , as a member of New South Wales team at the 20 Under National Championships Junior Women , she scored 8 goals . In 2010 , she scored 18 goals in the 18 Under Girls National Championship and 6 goals in the 20 Under National Championships Junior Women . In 2011 , she scored 8 goals in the 20 Under Junior Women National Championships . That year , her team finished second at the Perth , Western Australia held event . In 2011 , her training consisted of going to the pool every morning , and doing training at the gym three times a week . During the summer , she would compete in up to three games a week . During the winter , she would compete in an average of one game a week . National Water Polo League Buckling plays for the Sydney Uni Lions of the National Water Polo League . In 2011 , her first year in the league , she wore cap number 14 and fifteen total goals for the season . Her largest single goal came was on 15 March against the Fyfe Adelaide Jets . During the 2012 season , she wore cap number four . As of 3 March , she had scored sixteen goals in the season . Junior national team Within 20 months of having Ryan be her coach on her local club side and as a fifteen year old , she made the Australian u 17 team with her first international appearance for Australia occurring at the 2008 Australian Junior Tour at the Pythia Cup in Greece where her team was runners up . The tour also included stops in Italy and Hungary . In 2010 , she was a member of the under 19 women 's national water polo team that did a European tour . In 2010 , as a member of the junior national team , she was a member of the team that toured California and part of the squad that competed in international friendlies against the United States , New Zealand and Canada . She was part of the junior national team again in 2011 and in July , she was invited to be part of the training squad for the junior national squad that was training in Perth in preparation for the Junior World Championships . She was a member of the Australian side that finished third at the 2011 FINA Junior World Championships . Senior national team Buckling is a member of the Australia women 's national water polo team . At the 2011 Canada Cup , she scored a goal in the first period in the gold medal match against China that the Australian team ended up winning . She competed in the Pan Pacific Championships in January 2012 for the Australian Stingers . She scored a goal in a Stingers 8 7 win over the United States . In 2011 , her goal was to make the national team and compete at the 2016 Summer Olympics . In February 2012 , she was named to the final training squad for the 2012 Summer Olympics . She attended training camp that started on 20 February 2012 at the Australian Institute of Sport . The team of seventeen players will be cut to thirteen before the team departs for the Olympic games , with the announcement being made on 13 June . She was part of the Stingers squad that competed in a five game test against Great Britain at the AIS in late February 2012 . This was the team 's first matches against Great Britain 's national team in six years .
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3,636 | In Norse mythology , Bifrst ( unk or sometimes Bilrst or unk ) is a burning rainbow bridge that reaches between Midgard ( the world ) and Asgard , the realm of the gods . The bridge is attested as Bilrst in the Poetic Edda compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources , and as Bifrst in the Prose Edda written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson , and in the poetry of skalds . Both the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda alternately refer to the bridge as unk ( Old Norse sir 's bridge ) . According to the Prose Edda , the bridge ends in heaven at Himinbjrg , the residence of the god Heimdallr , who guards it from the jtnar . The bridge 's destruction during Ragnark by the forces of Muspell is foretold . Scholars have proposed that the bridge may have originally represented the Milky Way and have noted parallels between the bridge and another bridge in Norse mythology , unk . Etymology Scholar Andy Orchard posits that Bifrst may mean shimmering path . He notes that the first element of Bilrst bil ( meaning a moment ) suggests the fleeting nature of the rainbow , which he connects to the first element of Bifrst the Old Norse verb unk ( meaning to shimmer or to shake ) noting that the element provokes notions of the lustrous sheen of the bridge . Austrian Germanist Rudolf Simek says that Bifrst either means the swaying road to heaven ( also citing unk ) or , if Bilrst is the original form of the two ( which Simek says is likely ) , the fleetingly glimpsed rainbow ( possibly connected to bil , perhaps meaning moment , weak point ) . Attestations Two poems in the Poetic Edda and two books in the Prose Edda provide information about the bridge Poetic Edda In the Poetic Edda , the bridge is mentioned in the poems Grmnisml and Ffnisml , where it is referred to as Bilrst . In one of two stanzas in the poem Grmnisml that mentions the bridge , Grmnir ( the god Odin in disguise ) provides the young Agnarr with cosmological knowledge , including that Bilrst is the best of bridges . Later in Grmnisml , Grmnir notes that unk burns all with flames and that , every day , the god Thor wades through the waters of Krmt and rmt and the two unk In Ffnisml , the dying wyrm Fafnir tells the hero Sigurd that , during the events of Ragnarok , bearing spears , gods will meet at skpnir . From there , the gods will cross Bilrst , which will break apart as they cross over it , causing their horses to dredge through an immense river . Prose Edda The bridge is mentioned in the Prose Edda books Gylfaginning and Skldskaparml , where it is referred to as Bifrst . In chapter 13 of Gylfaginning , Gangleri ( King Gylfi in disguise ) asks the enthroned figure of High what way exists between heaven and earth . Laughing , High replies that the question isn 't an intelligent one , and goes on to explain that the gods built a bridge from heaven and earth . He incredulously asks Gangleri if he has not heard the story before . High says that Gangleri must have seen it , and notes that Gangleri may call it a rainbow . High says that the bridge consists of three colors , has great strength , and is built with art and skill to a greater extent than other constructions . High notes that , although the bridge is strong , it will break when Muspell 's lads attempt to cross it , and their horses will have to make do with swimming over great rivers . Gangleri says that it doesn 't seem that the gods built the bridge in good faith if it is liable to break , considering that they can do as they please . High responds that the gods do not deserve blame for the breaking of the bridge , for there is nothing in this world that will be secure when Muspell 's sons attack . In chapter 15 of Gylfaginning , Just As High says that Bifrst is also called unk , and that every day the gods ride their horses across it ( with the exception of Thor , who instead wades through the boiling waters of the rivers Krmt and rmt ) to reach Urarbrunnr , a holy well where the gods have their court . As a reference , Just As High quotes the second of the two stanzas in Grmnisml that mention the bridge ( see above ) . Gangleri asks if fire burns over Bifrst . High says that the red in the bridge is burning fire , and , without it , the frost jotnar and mountain jotnar would go up into heaven if anyone who wanted could cross Bifrst . High adds that , in heaven , there are many beautiful places and that everywhere there has divine protection around it . In chapter 17 , High tells Gangleri that the location of Himinbjrg stands at the edge of heaven where Bifrost reaches heaven . While describing the god Heimdallr in chapter 27 , High says that Heimdallr lives in Himinbjrg by Bifrst , and guards the bridge from mountain jotnar while sitting at the edge of heaven . In chapter 34 , High quotes the first of the two Grmnisml stanzas that mention the bridge . In chapter 51 , High foretells the events of Ragnark . High says that , during Ragnark , the sky will split open , and from the split will ride forth the sons of Muspell . When the sons of Muspell ride over Bifrst it will break , as was said above . In the Prose Edda book Skldskaparml , the bridge receives a single mention . In chapter 16 , a work by the 10th century skald lfr Uggason is provided , where Bifrst is referred to as the powers ' way . Theories In his translation of the Prose Edda , Henry Adams Bellows comments that the Grmnisml stanza mentioning Thor and the bridge stanza may mean that Thor has to go on foot in the last days of the destruction , when the bridge is burning . Another interpretation , however , is that when Thor leaves the heavens ( i.e. , when a thunder storm is over ) the rainbow bridge becomes hot in the sun . John Lindow points to a parallel between Bifrst , which he notes is a bridge between earth and heaven , or earth and the world of the gods , and the bridge unk , a bridge between earth and the underworld , or earth and the world of the dead . Several scholars have proposed that Bifrst may represent the Milky Way .
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3,637 | Casey Donovan ( born John Calvin Culver November 2 , 1943 August 10 , 1987 ) was an American male pornographic actor of the 1970s and 1980s , appearing primarily in adult films and videos catering to gay male audiences . Following a brief career as a teacher and a stint as a highly paid male model , Donovan appeared in the film that would cement his status as a gay icon , Boys in the Sand , in 1971 . Attempts to build on his notoriety to achieve mainstream crossover success failed , but Donovan continued to be a bankable star in the adult industry for the next 15 years . Career Culver attended unk College at Geneseo where he was a member of Phi Sigma Epsilon Fraternity and the drama club . After graduation in 1965 he accepted a teaching position in Peekskill , New York . He went on to take a job at the private Ethical Culture unk School on New York City 's Central Park West but was fired during his second year following an altercation in which he physically disciplined a female student ( reportedly the daughter of actor Eli Wallach ) . Following his dismissal he drifted into being an escort and relocated to New York City . He also began pursuing an acting career , appearing in summer stock theatre with the prestigious Peterborough Players . Through one of his escorting clients , Culver landed a spot with the Wilhelmina Models modeling agency , commanding an hourly rate of US 60 . He continued to pursue stage work , landing an understudy job in 1969 in the Off Broadway gay themed play And Puppy Dog Tails , making his Broadway debut in 1970 in the Native American themed production Brave and a co starring role in the off Broadway Circle in the Water , also in 1970 . In 1971 , Culver played a supporting role in a low budget sexploitation thriller film , Ginger . While the film was a commercial and critical failure , Variety noted his performance positively , saying Only Calvin Culver ... shows any indication of better things to come . This in turn led to an offer to appear in Casey , a gay pornographic film in which Culver played the title role , a gay man who is visited by his fairy godmother Wanda ( Culver playing a dual role in drag ) , and is granted a series of wishes which make him sexually irresistible to other men . Culver later took the character 's name , Casey , and that of the popular singer Donovan to create the pseudonym under which he would appear in all his other erotic roles . Culver first appeared as Casey Donovan in Boys in the Sand , directed by Wakefield Poole , in 1971 . The film was an instant success and is considered one of the great classics of male erotic cinema . With the success and celebrity he garnered from the film , Donovan believed that he would be able to cross over into mainstream film . While there were meetings with directors like John Schlesinger and Raymond St. Jacques and talk of casting him in mainstream projects including adaptations of novels by Mary Renault and Patricia Nell Warren , the only film opportunities opened for him were as the star of more erotic films . These included the bisexual porn film Score , The Back Row with George Payne , L. A. Tool Die with Bob Blount and Richard Locke , The Other Side of Aspen with Al Parker and Dick Fisk , Boys in the Sand II and Inevitable Love , with Jon King and Jamie Wingo . Shortly before his death he starred , heavily intoxicated , in the fisting movie Fucked Up , of Christopher Rage . He also appeared in a number of heterosexual porn films , most notably The Opening of Misty Beethoven where he had a scene with Constance Money . Outside his adult film career , Donovan continued to pursue stage work . In 1972 he was cast in a short lived Broadway revival of Captain Brassbound 's Conversion . Star Ingrid Bergman described him as having the same kind and as much charisma as Robert Redford . He then landed a small role in the 1973 Lincoln Center production of The Merchant of Venice , which was praised as having vivid appeal . Donovan had a successful national tour in the play unk , written and directed by Jerry Douglas . While the play was critically deemed entertaining enough to its target gay audience ( having earned , in the words of one critic , a nationwide gay housekeeping seal of approval ) Donovan himself was judged as simply no better nor worse an actor than most of the others in the cast . In 1983 he turned his hand to producing , with an unsuccessful Broadway revival of Terrence McNally 's play The Ritz in which he also appeared . Donovan 's iconic status allowed him to build a lucrative career as a high priced prostitute although it would cost him his legitimate modeling career as more and more clients made the connection between model Culver and porn star Donovan . He wrote an advice column , Ask Casey , for the gay oriented Stallion magazine beginning in 1982 . Personal life Casey Donovan was born John Calvin Culver in East Bloomfield , New York , growing up there with his parents and older brother , Duane . In 1973 at the height of his popularity , Donovan met actor turned writer Tom Tryon and the two entered into a long term relationship the following year . Tryon was deeply closeted and grew increasingly disturbed by Donovan 's notoriety . Their relationship ended in 1977 . In 1978 , Donovan purchased a house in Key West , Florida to run as a bed and breakfast dubbed Casa Donovan . Donovan struggled to keep the house running and ultimately it failed . More successful was Donovan 's time as a celebrity tour guide , conducting all gay trips in partnership with an outfit called Star Tours to Italy , China , Peru and other destinations . By 1985 , Donovan 's health had begun to deteriorate , as he had contracted HIV . Although he had counseled his fans through his Ask Casey column as early as 1982 to reduce their number of sex partners and take steps to preserve their health and urged them to be tested for HIV once the test was developed , he himself made little or no effort to change his behavior . Donovan died in 1987 of an AIDS related pulmonary infection in Inverness , Florida , aged 43 .
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3,638 | John Michael Plumb ( born March 28 , 1940 ) is an American equestrian and Olympic champion who competes in the sport of three day eventing . He holds the title of the US Olympic competitor who has competed in the greatest number of Olympics , winning two team gold medals , three team silvers and one individual silver . He has also competed at the World Equestrian Games and Pan American Games , winning medals at both , as well as competing in the Rolex Kentucky Three Day and steeplechase events . He has been named to the Hall of Fame of the United States Eventing Association ( USEA ) , as well as winning annual USEA awards , and is the only equestrian rider to have been inducted to the United States Olympic Hall of Fame . He was previously married to fellow Olympian Donnan Plumb , and the couple has three sons . Personal life Plumb was born in Islip , New York , and grew up in Syosset , New York . His father , Charles , was a steeplechase rider and huntsman , and his mother , Meem , was also an equestrian . Plumb began riding at the Meadow Brooks Hounds Pony Club , where he participated in Pony Club . In 1972 , he graduated from the University of Delaware . He married Donnan Sharp Plumb , a dressage rider who competed in the 1968 Summer Olympics they later divorced . The couple had three sons Hugh , Matt and Charlie Charlie became a successful event rider . Matt and Hugh had a career in auto racing . Career Competition Plumb began his international competitive three day event career at the 1959 Pan American Games in Chicago , Illinois . Throughout his career he competed for the United States in several other Pan American Games , and won three gold medals , including an individual gold in 1963 and team golds in 1963 and 1967 . Plumb also competed at several Eventing World Championships , accruing four medals . In 1974 he assisted the US team to a silver , while also taking silver in the individual competition , and helped the US team to bronze medals in both 1978 and 1982 . As of 2008 , Plumb was the US Olympic athlete with the greatest number of appearances in any sport at the Games . He was named to the US team in every Olympic games between 1960 ( his first ) and 1984 , as well as appearing for the last time at the 1992 Summer Olympics , and competed at all of the Games except for 1980 , when the US did not compete . During his seven Olympic appearances , he gathered multiple medals . At the 1960 Summer Olympics , Plumb took an individual 15th , while the US team did not finish the competition . At the 1964 Games , he repeated his individual performance , while the US team improved to take the silver medal . At these Games , he became the first rider ever to win a medal on a horse that he had never previously ridden in competition . Plumb had planned to ride his main event horse , Markham , but on the flight to the Games in Tokyo , the horse panicked , possibly due to a bad experience previously suffered in a horse trailer . In order to keep him from destroying his stall and potentially the aircraft , the horse was euthanized . Plumb instead rode Bold Minstrel , a horse loaned to him by another top level eventer . In 1968 , at Ciudad de Mexico , Plumb took an individual 14th , while the US team again finished with a silver . In 1970 , when Jack le Goff became coach of the United States eventing team , Plumb was one of only three active US riders with international experience in the sport . Between then and 1984 , when le Goff retired , the US eventing team , with Plumb as part , amassed three team and three individual medals , as well as additional triumphs at the World Equestrian Games and Pan American Games . At the 1972 Summer Olympics , the US team took the silver medal for the third Games in a row , while Plumb finished 20th individually . At the 1976 Games , Plumb achieved his only individual medal , taking silver , while the US team took gold . Despite the US boycott of the 1980 Moscow Olympics , Plumb competed at the alternate games in Fontainebleau , France . The team repeated this performance at the 1984 Olympics , while Plumb took an individual 10th place . In 1988 , he was slated to make the US Equestrian Team , but was not able to compete due to a fall that resulted in a broken collarbone . In 1992 , Plumb competed in his last Olympics , placing 48th individually while the team took 10th . Plumb has ridden in steeplechase competitions , and in 1976 placed second at the Maryland Hunt Cup , an event which his father had won in 1929 . He has also competed multiple times at the Rolex Kentucky Three Day . Influence In 2002 , Plumb was named as one of the 50 most influential horsemen of the 20th century by the equine magazine Chronicle of the Horse . In 2003 , Plumb was inducted to the United States Eventing Association Hall of Fame , along with one of his horses , Plain Sailing . Good Mixture , another of Plumb 's horses , was inducted in 2009 . In 2008 , Plumb became the first ( and to date , only ) equestrian to be inducted into the United States Olympic Hall of Fame . The United States Eventing Association awarded Plumb their Leading Rider of the Year Award on ten occasions . Plumb is known for his training abilities with both horses and other riders , and as of 2008 he continued to ride and train at his stables in Southern Pines , North Carolina . Plumb is reticent about discussing his accomplishments , but colleagues have referred to him as the ultimate team member who could be counted on to be at the top of his game and a consistent performer . As team captain at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics , he was noted for helping his teammates understand everything that was going on around them . His athleticism and personal courage have been praised by those who know him , such as Michael Page , chef d unk for the 1986 US World Championship team , who recounted how Plumb medaled at the competition despite three broken ribs . Plumb admits to being completely focused on riding and not a social person , with former coach Jack le Goff saying that horses are his only reason for being on earth .
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3,639 | Winston tastes good like a cigarette should is an enduring slogan that appeared in newspaper , magazine , radio , and television advertisements for Winston cigarettes from the brand 's introduction in 1954 until 1972 . It is one of the best known American tobacco advertising campaigns . In 1999 , Advertising Age ranked the jingle eighth best out of all the radio and television jingles that aired in the United States in the 20th century . The deliberate use of like rather than as was provided by advertising agency William Esty Co . , and the overall campaign was directed by Esty executives Wendell Adams and unk Lunny , Lunny serving as producer director of most of the visual and recording production related to the campaign in its initial years . Adams was a classically trained musician in his own right , but singer model pianist Margaret Johnson ghost wrote the jingle and , along with her husband , Travis Johnson , recorded it with their group , the Song Spinners . Johnson 's insertion of the two quick hand claps before the word cigarette caught America 's ear by surprise and had much to do with the jingle 's success . ( A second Winston jingle by Johnson , using the folk tune Skip to My Lou , has faded into obscurity . ) In a departure for the time , the advertising campaign was also used to target distinct niche groups apart from its core clientele of WASP smokers , such as American Jews and African Americans . A catchy jingle and ad campaign , it has come to embody a piece of Americana , and has even seeped into the consciousness of people who were too young ( or not even alive ) to remember the campaign when it occurred . The slogan was so well remembered that it was added to Simpson 's Contemporary Quotations in 1988 . Beginnings Future R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company president Bowman Gray Jr. was in charge of marketing Winstons , which were a new addition to the R.J. Reynolds line in 1954 . Gray listened to advertising employees from the William Esty Co . , and the slogan Winston tastes good like a cigarette ought to was considered , then replaced by the more succinct Winston tastes good like a cigarette should . The first print ad appeared in the Pittsburgh Post Gazette in September 1954 , with an ad in Life following the next month . In 1955 , Winston would take over as the sponsor of Walter Cronkite 's news show , as well as Garry Moore 's variety show it was at this time that the first television advertisements aired . Radio and television In the radio and television advertisements , the slogan is presented in a singsong fashion with a noticeable two beat clap near the end , so the jingle would sound like Win unk tastes good like a ( clap clap ) cigarette should . The clap noise was sometimes substituted for actors in the commercials knocking twice against a truck carrying Winston cigarettes , or an actor flicking his lighter twice to the same conceit . Winston cigarettes were sponsors of such television series as The Beverly Hillbillies and The Flintstones . The former series would show stars Buddy Ebsen , Irene Ryan , and Nancy Kulp extolling the virtues of Winstons while smoking them and reciting the jingle . The latter series would later come under fire for advertising cigarettes on an animated series watched by many children , but Winston pulled their involvement with the series after the Pebbles Flintstone character was born in 1963 . Grammar controversy During the campaign 's long run in the media , many criticized the slogan as grammatically incorrect and that it should say , Winston tastes good as a cigarette should . Ogden Nash , in The New Yorker , published a poem that ran Like goes Madison Avenue , like so goes the nation . Walter Cronkite , then hosting The Morning Show , refused to say the line as written , and an announcer was used instead . Malcolm Gladwell , in The Tipping Point , says that this ungrammatical and somehow provocative use of ' like ' instead of ' as ' created a minor sensation in 1954 and implies that the phrase itself was responsible for vaulting the brand to second place in the U.S. market . Winston overtook Pall Mall cigarettes as the 1 cigarette in the United States in 1966 , while the advertising campaign continued to make an impression on the mass media . In the fall of 1961 , a small furor enveloped the literary and journalistic communities in the United States when Merriam Webster published its Third New International Dictionary . In the dictionary , the editors refused to condemn the use of like as a conjunction , and cited Winston tastes good like a cigarette should as an example of popular colloquial use . After publication of Webster 's Third , The New York Times called the edition unk , and the Chicago Daily News wrote that the transgression signified a general decay in values . When the players in The Beverly Hillbillies spoke the line , they stretched the grammatical boundaries further Jed Winston tastes good ... Granny Like a cigarette had ought a In 1970 and 1971 , Winston sought to revamp its image and chose to respond to many grammarians ' qualms with the slogan , What do you want , good grammar or good taste Mad magazine published a parody of this on the back cover of its January 1971 issue set in a cemetery , it featured four tombstones with epitaphs written in the past tense ( Winston tasted good like a cigarette should 've You mean ' as a cigarette should 've ' What did you want , good grammar or good taste I wanted to live a lot longer than this ) . With the new slogan in wide use , Winston tastes good like a cigarette should was retired permanently in 1972 . In 1981 , actor James Garner claimed responsibility for the wording of the slogan during an interview with Playboy magazine . Garner , who narrated the original commercial , stated that his first action ever to be captured on film was to misread the line that had been provided to him . However , as noted above , the advertisements first appeared in print before their debut on television , which would cast doubt on Garner 's claim .
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3,640 | Cleveland is the twentieth episode of the first season of 30 Rock . It was written by one of the season 's co executive producers , Jack Burditt , and one of the season 's executive producers , Robert Carlock . It was directed by Paul Feig . It first aired on April 19 , 2007 on the NBC network in the United States . Guest stars in this episode included Jennifer Bassey , Kevin Brown , Grizz Chapman , Eric Dysart , Ramsey unk , Lori Hammel , Lester Holt , Traci unk , Gregory unk , unk unk , Anthony Mazza , Raymond McAnally , Jack Moran , Emily Mortimer , Maulik Pancholy , Brian Patrick Russell , Mitch Poulos , Justin Smith , Jason Sudeikis , Gary unk , Mira Tzur and Julian Walker . In this episode , Liz Lemon ( played by Tina Fey ) and Floyd ( Jason Sudeikis ) visit Cleveland , Ohio when Floyd says he wishes that he could live there . Tracy Jordan ( Tracy Morgan ) goes on the run from The Black Crusaders . Liz discovers that Jack Donaghy 's ( Alec Baldwin ) fiance , Phoebe ( Emily Mortimer ) , is keeping some deceiving secrets . Plot When Floyd ( Jason Sudeikis ) loses out on a possible job promotion to Alan unk ( Eric Dysart ) an African American candidate in a wheelchair he informs Liz Lemon of his aspirations to move back home to Cleveland . After Floyd asks Liz about her own future in New York , she begins to notice all the problems she has with the city and so they plan a visit to Floyd 's hometown . Meanwhile , Jack returns from a weekend in Paris with Phoebe , his new fiance , and insists that Liz should get to know Phoebe better . He tells her to take Phoebe and Jenna Maroney ( Jane Krakowski ) on a girls ' day out . As their day progresses Liz senses Phoebe is not who she claims to be . Liz 's suspicions are confirmed when she covertly follows Phoebe to a restaurant and spies her holding hands with an older gentleman . This is alarming for two reasons first , Phoebe is already engaged to Jack , and secondly , she has previously claimed to be afflicted by Avian Bone Syndrome , a result of which is that her purportedly brittle bones would not be able to stand such intense physical contact . Even though Liz tries to remain inconspicuous at the restaurant , Phoebe notices her . Knowing that Liz is on to her deceptions , Phoebe confronts Liz , who is not interested in Phoebe 's excuses and tells her that she has a choice tell Jack about her cheating or Liz will do so herself . Phoebe becomes angry and then shocks Liz when she drops her British accent . Liz tries to tell Jack about her suspicions , but he is immediately offended by her seemingly unfounded and slanderous comments about his fiance , which puts a heavy strain on their working relationship . Finally , Tracy has somehow become entangled in a character assassination plot . When Frank Rossitano ( Judah Friedlander ) tells Tracy that he read in a magazine that Bill Cosby hates him , Tracy realizes that The Black Crusaders , a cabal of powerful African Americans ( a reference to the 2006 conspiracy theory hoax regarding a similar group called the Dark Crusaders driving Dave Chappelle off his Comedy Central show ) , are out to destroy his career . The Black Crusaders have managed to put a stop to all productions featuring Tracy . Fearing for his life , Tracy goes on the run to Cleveland and , from there , into Needmore , Pennsylvania . Production This episode was the fourth episode written by Jack Burditt and also the fourth episode written by Robert Carlock . It was the first episode directed by Paul Feig . The scenes set in Cleveland , Ohio were actually filmed in Battery Park City , Manhattan . Similarly , the scenes in the town of Needmore , Pennsylvania in the following episode , Hiatus , were filmed in Douglaston , Queens . Jason Sudeikis sings the montage when touring Cleveland . Jason Sudeikis , who played Floyd in this episode , has appeared in the main cast of Saturday Night Live , a weekly sketch comedy series which airs on NBC in the United States . Tina Fey was the head writer on Saturday Night Live from 1999 until 2006 . Various other cast members of Saturday Night Live have appeared on 30 Rock . These cast members include Rachel Dratch , Fred Armisen , Kristen Wiig , Will Forte , Chris Parnell and Molly Shannon . Tina Fey and Tracy Morgan have both been part of the main cast of Saturday Night Live . Alec Baldwin has also hosted Saturday Night Live sixteen times , the highest number of episodes of any host of the unk has hosted Saturday Night Live 16 times through the season 37 premiere on September 24 , 2011 , and holds the record for most times hosting the show . Reception Cleveland brought in an average of 5 . 2 million viewers upon its original broadcast in the United States . It also achieved a 2 . 5 7 in the key 18 to 49 year old demographic . The 2 . 5 refers to 2 . 5 of all people of ages 18 49 years old in the U.S. , and the 7 refers to 7 of all people of ages 18 49 years old watching television at the time of the broadcast in the U.S .. Robert Canning of IGN thought that this episode was by far the funniest , laugh out loud , near genius episode of 30 Rock this season . He wrote that there wasn 't a moment wasted in the entire half hour , which not only gave us plenty of laughs , but it continued the ongoing storylines with fantastic pacing and ease . Canning stated that the best part of this episode by far was Tracy 's paranoia over The Black Crusaders and he rated the episode 9 . 7 out of 10 . Matt Webb Mitovich of TV Guide wrote regarding Emily Mortimer 's guest appearance that she 's not the first thought for most sitcoms looking to fill a vacancy . But here , she 's obviously relishing ( as Isabella Rossellini did ) the chance to go a bit bonkers . When she lapsed out of the accent , what fun . Anna Johns of AOL 's TV Squad wrote that she didn 't find ' Cleveland ' nearly as funny as the super sized ' Fireworks ' episode two weeks ago , but it was still pretty good . The best sources of humor in this show are Kenneth the Page and Tracy Jordan , neither of which had a very prominent role this week .
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3,641 | Angel is a London Underground station in the Angel area of the London Borough of Islington . It is on the Bank branch ( eastern corollary ) of the Northern line , between Old Street and King 's Cross St. Pancras stations , in Travelcard Zone 1 . The station was originally built by the City South London Railway ( C SLR ) and opened on 17 November 1901 . The station served as a terminus until the line was extended to Euston on 12 May 1907 . The station was rebuilt in the early 1990s to accommodate the large number of passengers using the station . As a result , the station has an extra wide southbound platform , the longest escalators on the Underground network and the fourth longest escalators in Western Europe . It is also a proposed station on the Crossrail 2 proposed line ( N. Surrey and S.W. London S.E. Hertfordshire ) . Location On Islington High Street , the station provides access to several nearby Off West End , or Fringe theatre venues including the Old Red Lion Theatre , Sadler 's Wells Theatre , the King 's Head Theatre and the Almeida Theatre . It is also the nearest station to the main campus of City University and Chapel Market , a London street market , and the antiques market and dealers of Camden Passage . Between Angel and Old Street is the disused City Road station . History Angel station was originally built by the City South London Railway ( C SLR ) , and opened on 17 November 1901 as the northern terminus of a new extension from Moorgate . The station building was designed by Sydney Smith and was on the corner of City Road and Torrens Street . On 12 May 1907 , the C SLR opened a further extension from Angel to Euston and Angel became a through station . As with many of the C SLR 's stations , it was originally built with a single central island platform serving two tracks in a single tunnel an arrangement still seen at Clapham North and Clapham Common ( as of 2015 ) . Access to the platforms from street level was via three Euston Anderson electric lifts before the rebuilding of the station . When the C SLR line was closed for tunnel reconstruction in the early 1920s to accommodate larger trains , the station faade was reclad with tiling and the lifts were replaced by new ones from Otis . Station rebuilding For years since its opening , the station regularly suffered from overcrowding and had a very narrow island platform ( barely 12 feet ( 3 . 7 m ) in width ) , which constituted a major safety issue and caused justified fear among passengers . Consequently , the station was comprehensively rebuilt in the early 1990s . A new section of tunnel was excavated for a new northbound platform , and the southbound platform was rebuilt to completely occupy the original 30 foot tunnel , leaving it wider than most deep level platforms on the system . The lifts and the ground level building were closed and a new station entrance was opened on 10 August 1992 around the corner in Islington High Street together with the northbound platform while the southbound platform opened on 17 September 1992 . Because of the distance between the new entrance and the platforms , and their depth , two flights of escalators were required , aligned approximately at a right angle . The station today The station 's ticket hall has a sculpture of an Angel by Kevin Boys . Angel is also one of the number of stations to have only escalator access to the platforms . Escalators With a vertical rise of 27 metres ( 89 ft ) and a length of 60 metres ( 200 ft ) , Angel station has the longest escalators on the Underground , and the fourth longest set of escalators in Western Europe ( after unk unk in the Prague Metro at 87 metres ( 285 ft ) , Vstra unk in the Stockholm Metro at 67 metres ( 220 ft ) and unk station in the Helsinki Metro at 64 metres ( 210 ft ) ) . The escalators at Angel were also the longest in the United Kingdom until they were surpassed in 2008 by the those at Heathrow Terminal 5A , to connect the main building with the people moving system to the satellite terminals . Station improvements The station was refurbished ( as of 2015 ) and work began on 2 January 2007 . Additional CCTV cameras and Help Points were installed , bringing the total to 77 cameras in the station and 9 Help Points ( which were upgraded with new induction loops ) to better aid hearing impaired passengers . In addition , new communications equipment was introduced and damaged signs were replaced with new ones . Former siding When Angel was opened , a long dead end siding was provided for train stabling , converging from the left onto the northbound line just south of the station . This was retained over the years but eventually it was closed on 23 January 1959 ( along with the signal box at the south end of the platform ) to simplify through running . The siding lay derelict and unused until the rebuilding scheme . Part of the siding was used as the northbound diversion tunnel , which branched off the existing northbound line , cut through into the end of the siding and continued along it until it branched off left to the new northbound platform . Services and connections Train frequencies vary throughout the day , but generally operate every 3 6 minutes between 06 03 and 00 25 in both directions . London Bus routes 4 , 19 , 30 , 38 , 43 , 56 , 73 , 153 , 205 , 214 , 274 , 341 , 394 and 476 , and night routes N19 , N38 , unk , N73 and unk serve the station . Future proposals Angel is a proposed station on the Crossrail 2 ( Chelsea Hackney line ) project . Depending on the route constructed , it would be between King 's Cross St. Pancras and Dalston Junction or Hackney Central . It was officially safeguarded as part of the route in 2007 , although there had been proposals for a route for some time previously and safeguarding had been in place since 1991 . This would provide an interchange between a London Underground line and a Crossrail line . In media The station 's escalators and the southbound platform were featured in the Bollywood hit film Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge .
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3,642 | Kirov ( Russian unk ) was a Project 26 Kirov class cruiser of the Soviet Navy that served during the Winter War , World War II and into the Cold War . She attempted to bombard Finnish coast defense guns during action in the Winter War , but was driven off by a number of near misses that damaged her . She led the Evacuation of Tallinn at the end of August 1941 , before being blockaded in Leningrad where she could only provide gunfire support during the Siege of Leningrad . She bombarded Finnish positions during the Vyborg Petrozavodsk Offensive in mid 1944 , but played no further part in the war . Kirov was reclassified as a training cruiser on 2 August 1961 and sold for scrap on 22 February 1974 . Description Kirov was 191 . 3 metres ( 627 ft 7 in ) long , had a beam of 17 . 66 metres ( 57 ft 11 in ) and had a draft between 5 . 75 to 6 . 15 metres ( 18 ft 10 in to 20 ft 2 in ) . She displaced 7 , 890 tonnes ( 7 , 765 long tons ) at standard load and 9 , 436 tonnes ( 9 , 287 long tons ) at full load . Her steam turbines produced a total of 113 , 500 shaft horsepower ( 84 , 637 kW ) and she reached 35 . 94 knots ( 66 . 56 km h 41 . 36 mph ) on trials . Kirov carried nine 180 millimeter ( 7 . 1 in ) 57 caliber B 1 P guns in three electrically powered MK 3 180 triple turrets . Her secondary armament consisted of six single 100 millimeter ( 3 . 9 in ) 56 caliber B 34 anti aircraft guns fitted on each side of the rear funnel . Her light AA guns consisted of six semi automatic 45 millimeter ( 1 . 8 in ) 21 K AA guns and four DK 12 . 7 millimeter ( 0 . 50 in ) machine guns . Six 533 millimeter ( 21 . 0 in ) 39 Yu torpedo tubes were fitted in two triple mountings . Wartime modifications By 1944 Kirov exchanged her 45 mm guns for ten fully automatic 37 millimeter ( 1 . 5 in ) 70 K AA guns with a thousand rounds per gun , two extra DK machine guns and one Lend Lease quadruple Vickers .50 machine gun MK III mount . Kirov lacked any radar when war broke out in 1941 , but by 1944 was equipped with British Lend Lease models . One Type 291 was used for air search . One Type 284 and two Type 285 radars were for main battery fire control , while anti aircraft fire control was provided by two Type 282 radars . Post war refit Kirov was completely overhauled from 1949 to 1953 . Her secondary armament was upgraded with electrically powered , fully automated 100 mm B unk mountings and her fire control system was replaced with a Zenit 26 system with SPN 500 stabilized directors . All of her light AA guns were replaced with nine twin gun water cooled 37 mm V 11 mounts . All of her radars were replaced with Soviet systems Rif surface search , Gyuys air search , Zalp surface gunnery and Yakor ' anti aircraft gunnery radars . All anti submarine weapons , torpedo launchers , aircraft equipment and boat cranes were removed . While expensive , about half the cost of a new Project unk Sverdlov class cruiser , it was deemed a success and allowed Kirov to serve for another two decades . Service Kirov was laid down at the Ordzhonikidze Yard , Leningrad on 22 October 1935 . She was launched on 30 November 1936 and was completed on 26 September 1938 . She was commissioned into the Baltic Fleet in the autumn of 1938 , but was still being worked on into early 1939 . Kirov sailed to Riga on 22 October when the Soviet Union began to occupy Latvia , continuing on to Liepja the following day . World War II During the Winter War , Kirov , escorted by the destroyers unk and unk unk , attempted to bombard Finnish coast defense guns at Russar , 5 kilometres ( 3 . 1 mi ) south of Hanko on 30 November . She only fired 35 rounds before she was damaged by a number of near misses and had to return to the Soviet naval base at Liepja for repairs . She remained there for the rest of the Winter War and afterwards was under repair at Kronstadt from October 1940 to 21 May 1941 . Based near Riga at the time of the German attack on the Soviet Union in June 1941 , Kirov was trapped in the Gulf of Riga by the rapid enemy advance . She supported minelaying sorties by Soviet destroyers in the western half of the Irben Strait on the evenings of 24 25 and 26 27 June . Off loading her fuel and ammunition to reduce her draft , she passed through the shallow Moon Sound Channel ( between Muhu island and the Estonian mainland ) with great difficulty , and managed to reach Tallinn by the end of June . Kirov provided gunfire support during the defense of Tallinn and served as the flagship of the evacuation fleet from Tallinn to Leningrad at the end of August 1941 . For most of the rest of the war she was blockaded in Leningrad and Kronstadt by Axis minefields and could only provide gunfire support for the defenders during the Siege of Leningrad . She was damaged by a number of German air and artillery attacks , most seriously on 4 5 April 1942 when she was hit by three bombs and one 15 centimeter ( 5 . 9 in ) shell that damaged all six 100 mm AA guns , the aft funnel , the mainmast , and killed 86 sailors and wounded 46 . Repairs took two months during which her catapult was removed a lighter pole mainmast was fitted and her anti aircraft armament increased . After Leningrad was liberated in early 1944 , Kirov remained there , and took no further part in the war except to provide gunfire support for the Soviet Vyborg Petrozavodsk Offensive in mid 1944 . Post war Kirov was damaged by a German magnetic mine while leaving Kronstadt on 17 October 1945 and was under repair until 20 December 1946 . She was refitted from November 1949 to April 1953 , during which her machinery was completely overhauled and her radars , fire control systems and anti aircraft guns were replaced by the latest Soviet systems . She participated in fleet maneuvers in the North Sea during January 1956 . She was reclassified as a training cruiser , regularly visiting Poland and East Germany , on 2 August 1961 and sold for scrap on 22 February 1974 . When Kirov was decommissioned , two gun turrets were installed in Saint Petersburg as a monument .
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3,643 | Typhoon Ken , known in the Philippines as Typhoon Tering , was the fourth typhoon to strike Japan during the 1982 Pacific typhoon season . Forming along the western end of the monsoon trough in the Philippine Sea , the system had organized into a tropical depression on September 16 , and by that night a tropical storm . As a compact system , rapid intensification continued , with Ken becoming a typhoon on the evening of September 17 and a major typhoon on September 18 . The cyclone up to this point had a history of progressing slowly west northwest , but Ken eventually stalled on September 20 and became a larger cyclone . As a mid latitude trough to its north deepened , Ken took off to the northeast towards Okinawa . Ken made landfall upon Shikoku early on September 25 , and moved onward into the Sea of Japan where it evolved into an extratropical cyclone . Five people were killed while 18 others were hurt . A total of 114 mudslides were reported , resulted in over 2 , 000 homes flooded . Additionally , 12 homes were damaged or destroyed . Seventy four flights were cancelled as well . Meteorological history During mid September , a monsoon trough was present in the Philippine Sea . On September 14 , a persistent area disturbance weather was first visible on satellite imagery . On September 15 , the Japan Meteorological Agency ( JMA ) started to monitor the system . The next day , a Hurricane Hunter aircraft reported a closed atmospheric circulation . Based on this , the Joint Typhoon Warning Center ( JTWC ) upgraded the storm into a tropical depression , without issuing a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert ( TCFA ) . Six hours later , the storm was upgraded into a tropical storm . Around this time , the JMA followed suit and upgraded the system into a tropical storm . Initially , Ken was expected by the JTWC to move west and pass near Luzon , but this did not occur . At 0600 UTC on September 17 , Ken was upgraded into a severe tropical storm by the JTWC and the JMA . That evening , Ken was upgraded to typhoon status by both the JTWC and the JMA when the hunters recorded a pressure of 976 mbar ( 28 . 8 inHg ) . Ken continued to gain strength at 1800 UTC on September 18 , the Hurricane Hunter aircraft reported winds of 185 km h ( 115 mph ) . This wind speed is equivalent to a low end Category 3 typhoon on the Saffir Simpson hurricane wind scale ( SSHWS ) . Several hours later , the JTWC reported that Ken attained peak intensity of 200 km h ( 125 mph ) while centered about 800 km ( 495 mi ) east southeast of Taiwan . The typhoon moved west northwest at a slower rate than expected , but on September 19 , Typhoon Ken , a subtropical ridge moved west southwest , moving into south China and the South China Sea . As such , many tropical cyclone forecast models showed Ken turning north northeast , but Ken began to stall on September 20 instead . Around this time , the JMA estimated peak wind speeds of 110 mph ( 175 km h ) and a peak pressure of 940 mbar ( 28 inHg ) . Initially , Ken was small , but around this time the storm began to grow in size . The cause of the structural change is unknown , but it is possible that some dry air got induced into the storm 's circulation , which also caused the eye to collapse and the storm to weaken . By September 21 , Ken began to move erratically due to a deepening trough that was centered north of Typhoon Ken before taking off in the general direction of Japan . Weakening ensued thereafter due to increased wind shear . By September 23 , the unk reported that winds had diminished below Category 2 unk strength on the SSHWS while the JMA reported winds of 130 km h ( 80 mph ) . At this time , Ken was located around 650 km ( 405 mi ) south of Tokyo . By the next day , however , this weakening trend had leveled off data from the JMA suggests that the storm did not weaken further until September 25 . After according to the JTWC , maintain winds of 135 km h ( 85 mph ) during September 24 , the typhoon weakened slightly . Ken made landfall near Shikoku early on September 25 with winds of 130 km h ( 80 mph ) , and after weakening a little according to the JTWC , Ken passed over Honshu . That day , the system moved into the Sea of Japan , where it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone while producing winds just below typhoon force . Despite this , the JMA kept an eye on the system for two more days . Impact and aftermath Because Ken posed a threat to shipping lanes , a tropical cyclone warning was issued for shipping lanes for a span of 66 hours , lasting from 0900 UTC September 19 until 0300 UTC September 22 . Upon making landfall in Japan , Ken became the fourth storm to strike the nation during the season . Ken was responsible strong winds , including a 90 km h ( 56 mph ) wind speed on Honshu . Additionally , wind gusts of 221 km h ( 137 mph ) were measured on Shikoku . Torrential rains were also recorded a peak rainfall total was measured at 500 mm ( 20 in ) in Funato , which also sustained the highest hourly rainfall total of 79 . 0 mm ( 3 . 11 in ) . In Uwajima on the island Shikoku ( the smallest of the four main Japanese islands ) , a peak six hour total of 220 mm ( 8 . 7 in ) was recorded . Additionally , a daily rainfall peak of 280 mm ( 11 in ) was measured at Kadena . Somewhere in Shikoku , 470 mm ( 19 in ) of rain was recorded in a two day time span . Heavy rains resulted in 114 mudslides , which destroyed eight homes . According to nation 's police service , a total of 2 , 440 dwellings were flooded including over 450 in unk . Four homes were also damaged in Shikoku . Two minor bridges were washed away due to flooding rivers . Airlines cancelled 74 flights and the Japan National Railways halted 17 trains on the southernmost main island of Kyushu . A total of five people were killed by the storm , including three oh Shikoku . An elderly couple was killed in their bed while a 30 year old man drowned in his car . In addition to these fatalities , 18 persons were hurt five of these injuries occurred on Shikoku . Overall , the storm directly affected 21 districts of Japan .
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3,644 | Strang School District No. 36 , or the Strang Public School , is a historic school located in Fillmore County , Nebraska , in the village of Strang . The school is one of the two sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the village of Strang . The school building is a small , two story , brick public schoolhouse , which was built to replace the schoolhouse that was previously located on that site . The schoolhouse was built between 1929 and 1930 , and replaced the previous schoolhouse , which burned down in 1928 . The schoolhouse still retains all original building materials . The school served high school students from 1930 to 1951 , and still functions as a school today , serving grades K 8 . The NRHP listing also includes a flagpole located outside the schoolhouse , and five pieces of playground equipment . History and education In October 1928 a fire destroyed the small school that had previously been located in Strang . Classes were held in two local churches and the Belle Prairie Township Hall for the remainder of that year , while the townspeople held a series of meetings to discuss the construction of a new schoolhouse . Later in 1928 , plans for the new schoolhouse were drawn up and approved , and construction on the new Strang Public School began in 1929 . The majority of the people that worked on constructing the school were local townspeople . The first classes in the new school were held in February 1930 . The schoolhouse was constructed in a fireproof fashion , as to prevent another accident . The new schoolhouse was constructed to hold students from first through twelfth grades , from Strang and the surrounding communities . Primary students attending classes were located on the second floor and secondary students classes were held on the first floor . Since construction , there have been no projects undertaken to refurbish or restore the original building , as to protect its historical importance . In 1951 , due to a decline in enrollment , the school reduced to serving just students in grades K through 8 , and has remained this way since . In fall of 2001 , the school had an enrollment of just eight students . By the fall of 2004 ( the last published figures available ) , that number had fallen to just five . Architecture The Strang Public School is a near perfect example of what is considered a typical twentieth century fireproof schoolhouse in Nebraska , and is constructed somewhat symmetrically . The school was constructed in a simplified version of the Renaissance Revival style , consisting of two stories , with a flat roof . Exterior The building is constructed in a rectangular shape , symmetrical on the exterior , and measures 32 feet ( 9 . 8 m ) by 66 feet ( 20 m ) . The approximate height measurements are not provided by the Register . Large , six over six paned windows are located in the front and the back of the building on both floors . Similar windows are also located on the south side of the building , but only on the top floor . There are no windows located on the north side . The entire exterior of the building is constructed from brick . The roof is flat and constructed of roofing cement , with a parapet located around it , with a section of a chimney that sticks out of the south end of the roof . The most prominent feature of the exterior of the building is the large , central pavilion , with a stepped gable parapet wall . Interior The first level of the building contains two classrooms , both of which have a cloakroom , a set of three swivel doors , and a large slate chalkboard that covers one of the walls . The first story also contains two bathrooms , four small storage closets , and a central hall , as well as a large stairwell leading up to the second floor . The second story contains three classrooms , with the same features as those downstairs , along with an office and three small storage rooms . A metal fire escape door is located in the center of the west wall of the second story . The schoolhouse also has a partial basement , which contains a large storage room , a coal room , and a disused coal furnace . Geography and facilities The Strang Public School is positioned at the intersection of Main Street and Sharon Street , on the southern edge of Strang , originally planned as a convenient location for the teachers and students coming from surrounding communities . The campus consists of the main schoolhouse , five historic pieces of playground equipment , a flagpole located in front of the building , a basketball tennis court located north of the school building , and a large playing field west of the schoolhouse . The entire property is contained inside a 300 by 300 foot square plot of land . A flagpole is located outside the main entrance to the school building , and is included in the NRHP listing as a contributing feature . A set of gym bars , a tether ball pole , a swing set , a slippery slide , and a merry go round are located on the south and west sides of the property , and are all listed as contributing features . A fenced tennis and basketball court is located on the north side of the property , and a large track and playing field are located on the west side of the property , but none of these features are included in the listing . Significance Strang School District No. 36 was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 25 , unk 1 On its nomination , Strang School District No. 36 was cited as being significant under criteria C , with the statement as a multi story , brick , fireproof school building , an example of a type , period , and method of construction representative of school buildings constructed in many communities in Nebraska , particularly in Fillmore County , during the first quarter of the twentieth century . The school 's listed year of significance was 1930 , the year it was constructed . The school is considered significant to the surrounding community by Fillmore County , due to its importance to education an historic qualities , being one of the oldest buildings in the area .
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3,645 | Until It Beats No More is a song recorded by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez for her seventh studio album , Love ( 2011 ) . It was written by Evan Bogart and Jrgen Elofsson , with its producer Troy Radio Johnson . The song is a soft rock ballad that speaks of a love that never dies . Music critics made note of Until It Beats No More being an ode to Lopez 's then husband Marc Anthony . The song received generally positive acclaim from music critics , who cited it as a stand out track on Love . Upon the release of Love , the song debuted at number nine on the South Korea Gaon International Chart . Until It Beats No More has been performed live on numerous occasions , most notably at an anniversary concert for the Mohegan Sun casino in Uncasville , Connecticut , where Lopez broke down in tears after the performance . The song was used as background music during Lopez 's My World commercial for the Fiat 500 . The commercial depicts Lopez leaving Manhattan and making her way to hometown of The Bronx , New York . Controversy arose when it was revealed that Lopez had not filmed the commercial in The Bronx , but instead filmed the close up shots in Los Angeles , while a body double was used for the driving scenes in The Bronx . Music and lyrics Until It Beats No More is a soft rock ballad , with a length of three minutes and fifty two seconds ( 3 22 ) . It was written by Evan Bogart , Jrgen Elofsson and Troy Radio Johnson , with the latter also producing and audio engineering the track . Kuk Harrell recorded , engineered and edited Lopez 's vocals for the song at Pulse Recording in Los Angeles , California , with additional editing from Chris Tek O 'Ryan . The song was later mixed by Trevor Muzzy . Until It Beats No More speaks of a love that never dies . According to Lopez , it is about when you are at a bad bad point in your life and somebody comes in and makes you believe in love again . She cited her then husband Marc Anthony as being that person for her . Monica Herrera of Billboard picked up on this , with the lyrics I feel the beat again , stronger than before . Scott Shetler of PopCrush pointed out the song 's optimistic viewpoint , with the lyrics I 'm alive , I can breathe , I can feel , I believe . The song received a positive review from Monica Herrera of Billboard , who called the song honest and adult . Jody Rosen of Rolling Stone cited Until It Beats No More as being one of two stand outs songs on Love the other being On the Floor . Shane Phoenix of Hot Spots gave a positive review of the song , stating that the lyrics are spot on and the winds are unk , the keys and key breaks in this one really allow her vocal sense to come out and shine . He concluded by stating that If you have been looking for a new love song , this could be your pick . Live performances Lopez debuted Until It Beats No More live on February 27 , 2010 , during her hosting gig on Saturday Night Live . Lopez introduced the song as Pieces . She performed the song on October 22 , 2011 at an anniversary concert for the Mohegan Sun casino in Uncasville , Connecticut . Lopez introduced the song by saying I 'm going to sing you the last song I wrote about love ... a lot has changed since then . Following the performance of the song , Lopez began crying . Until It Beats No More was used as an introduction to Lopez 's performance at the American Music Awards on November 20 , 2011 . She wore a golden gown , with the words Love ... It 's a journey and I still have questions appearing in a screen behind her . Lopez began to break down , appearing as though she was about to cry . She then paused , looked up and shed most of her clothes for a performance of Papi . Critics noted the fake breakdown to be poking fun at her breakdown during her performance of the song at the Mohegan Sun casino a month earlier . The performance was compared to Britney Spears 's music video for Toxic and Lopez 's performance during the 2001 American Music Awards . Until It Beats No More was included on the set list of Lopez 's debut concert tour , the Dance Again World Tour , in 2012 . Reviewing her concert in Dubai , Natalie Long of Tabloid said that although a large portion of her performance was uptempo , When she did take a seat to sing , giving her full voice to songs like ' Until It Beats No More ' , she proved she was the perfect American Idol judge she s got great pipes . What can t this woman do Usage in media Until It Beats No More is featured as background music in Lopez 's commercial for the Fiat 500 . The commercial , entitled My World , depicts Lopez leaving Manhattan and making her way to The Bronx , her hometown . Lopez is seen behind the steering wheel of the car , gazing out at the scenery of The Bronx passing by . A voice over says the words Here , this is my world . This place inspires me to be tougher , to stay sharper , to think faster . They may be just streets to you but to me , they 're a playground . Controversy arose for the commercial when it was reported that Lopez did not return to The Bronx to shoot the commercial . Instead , Lopez filmed her close up shots in Los Angeles , while a body double was used for the car scenes through The Bronx . Fiat and Lopez were slammed for false advertising Lopez 's return to The Bronx . Fiat released a statement stating Both commercials featuring Jennifer Lopez were indeed filmed in the Bronx as well as outside locations . As you may know , in today 's world , people are increasingly mobile and their work takes them to a variety of locations . As a result , we took the opportunity to film wherever Ms. Lopez was working at the time to accommodate her schedule . The commercial tells the story of how the simple elements of our upbringing can help explain who we are , where we 're going and serve as a source of inspiration to achieve our goals in life . One does not need to be in a specific location to be inspired or continue to be inspired . Credits and personnel Credits adapted from the liner notes of Love . Charts
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3,646 | Cyclone Hollanda was the worst tropical cyclone in Mauritius in 19 years . It formed on February 6 , 1994 , in the central Indian Ocean in the southern hemisphere . The cyclone moved southwestward for much of its duration , striking Mauritius on February 10 at peak intensity with winds of 155 km h ( 100 mph ) . It later passed just southeast of Runion before turning to the south and weakening . The cyclone became extratropical on February 14 in the southern Indian Ocean . On Mauritius , Hollanda destroyed or severely damaged 450 houses , which left at least 1 , 500 people homeless . High winds left half of the island without power , and also caused severe crop damage nearly half of the island 's sugar crop was destroyed , which necessitated for the government to assist in replanting efforts . Hollanda killed 2 people and caused 135 million in damage on Mauritius . About a week after the cyclone struck , Cyclone Ivy also affected the area , although to a lesser degree . The highest rainfall from the cyclone fell on Runion , with 741 mm ( 29 . 2 in ) recorded at Grand Coude . Meteorological history Based on analysis from Mto France ( MFR ) , a disturbance in the Indian Ocean intertropical convergence zone became evident south of the Chagos Archipelago on February 6 , after Cyclone Geralda struck Madagascar and moved away from the region . The Joint Typhoon Warning Center ( JTWC ) assessed it as developing a day prior in the same general area . Later on February 6 , a circulation developed concurrently with an area of organized convection . On February 8 , the system intensified into Tropical Storm Hollanda as it moved southwestward , its motion influenced by a ridge to its south . A trough turned the storm to the south southwest , and Hollanda intensified into a tropical cyclone the equivalence of a hurricane on February 9 . After becoming a tropical cyclone , Hollanda developed a small 20 km ( 12 mi ) eye as it tracked toward the island of Mauritius , located east of Madagascar . Continuing to intensify , the cyclone struck the northern coast of the island at 1800 UTC on February 10 at peak intensity , with winds of 155 km h ( 100 mph ) ( 10 minute sustained winds ) as assessed by MFR . In addition , the cyclone produced gusts to 230 km h ( 140 mph ) . At the same time , the JTWC estimated peak winds of 195 km h ( 120 mph ) ( 1 minute sustained winds ) . While moving over Mauritius , the eye became disrupted , although Hollanda maintained much of its intensity as it passed just southeast of Runion early on February 11 . The cyclone remained well defined as it moved more poleward , and an irregular eye remained visible on satellite imagery . On February 13 , Hollanda turned eastward due to a trough , and the next day it became extratropical over the southern Indian Ocean . Its remnants persisted at least two more days . Impact Before Hollanda struck Mauritius , most people were already residing at home , due to the cyclone striking during the Chinese New Year . Officials closed the airport prior to the cyclone 's arrival , and most stores and banks were also closed . Officials also ordered for cars to be off the roads during the storm and for people to remain indoors . Forecasters initially expected the storm would remain slightly offshore . Ultimately , Cyclone Hollanda made landfall at peak intensity , producing wind gusts of 216 km h ( 134 mph ) in Mauritius 's capital city of Port Louis . Strong winds affected the northern and western portions of the island , particularly near the coast , and the cyclone was considered the worst to hit there since Cyclone unk in 1975 . In addition to the winds , the storm dropped torrential rainfall that reached 711 mm ( 28 . 0 in ) in Mare aux Vacoas . Across the island , Hollanda destroyed 290 houses and severely damaged another 160 , which left at least 1 , 500 people homeless . Included among the damaged buildings was the Russian embassy , which faced such difficulties making repairs that the ambassadors moved their offices . Damage to schools was estimated at 25 million rupees ( 1 . 3 million 1994 USD ) , causing some to be closed for as long as 12 days . High winds downed 30 of the island 's trees . Many fell onto power lines , which left 60 of Mauritians without power and about half without telephone service . All external communications were cut to the country during the cyclone . In addition , nearly half of the sugar plantations were destroyed , although the primary industry of tourism was not significantly affected . In total , the cyclone killed two people , and left 135 million in damage ( 1994 USD ) the total included lost productivity , such as decreased sugar output . Less than a week after Hollanda struck , Cyclone Ivy also hit Mauritius , although to a lesser extent than Hollanda . The combined impact caused most roads to be blocked by either fallen trees or mudslides all main roads were quickly restored . Following the storm 's passage , the Mauritius government opened 130 shelters , and also provided 5 , 000 rupees to each homeless family . The crop damage from Hollanda , in addition to a drought , decreased the following year 's output by 22 . In response , the government provided seeds to farmers so they could replant their crops . Most of the island had their power restored by ten days after the storm . The country 's prime minister issued an appeal to the European Union for 67 million rupees ( 3 . 6 million 1994 USD ) in assistance , although later dropped it to less than half that total . The requested aid was for the restoration of phone and power utilities . The storm 's severe impact on Mauritius caused a sharp drop in the country 's gross domestic product ( GDP ) per capita , and the overall GDP decreased by 10 . Although the cyclone did not strike the island of Runion , Hollanda produced strong wind gusts that peaked at 234 km h ( 145 mph ) in Sainte Rose . Rainfall on the island peaked at 741 mm ( 29 . 2 in ) at Grand Coude . The cyclone left damage to crops , power systems , telephones , and the water network , mostly due to the strong winds .
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3,647 | The 1959 Mexico hurricane is the deadliest eastern Pacific tropical cyclone on record . First observed south of Mexico on October 23 , the cyclone tracked northwest . It intensified into a Category 3 hurricane on October 25 and reached Category 4 intensity the following day . After turning toward the northeast , the hurricane maintained Category 4 status and made landfall near Manzanillo , Mexico . The system continued on that trajectory prior to dissipating the next day . Impact from the hurricane was severe and widespread . Initially forecast to remain offshore , the system curved northeast and moved ashore , becoming one of Mexico 's worst natural disasters at the time . Up to 150 boats were submerged . Countless homes in Colima and Jalisco were damaged or destroyed , large portions of the states were inaccessible by flash flooding , and hundreds of residents were stranded . All coconut plantations were blown down during the storm , leaving thousands without work and instating fear that it would take the economy years to recover . Torrential rainfall across mountain terrain contributed to numerous mudslides that caused hundreds of fatalities . In the aftermath of the cyclone , convoys delivering aid were hindered by the destruction . Residents were vaccinated to prevent the spread of disease . Overall , the hurricane inflicted at least 280 million ( 1959 USD ) in damage . Meteorological history On October 22 , a low pressure area was present south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec , having originated out of an area of disturbed weather in the region the day before . That day , two ships reported gale force winds , suggesting that a tropical storm formed by 12 00 UTC . Moving west northwestward parallel to the southwest coast of Mexico , the system steadily intensified , reaching hurricane status by late on October 23 . The storm continued to intensify , although there were few ships in the path to record the intensity until October 26 . During that time , interpolation of observations suggests that the storm attained major hurricane intensity a Category 3 on the modern Saffir Simpson scale with winds of 115 mph ( 185 km h ) on October 25 . On October 26 , the hurricane turned abruptly to the northeast toward the Mexican coast . At 00 00 UTC on October 27 , a nearby ship recorded winds of 130 km h ( 80 mph ) , confirming the increase in intensity . Six hours later , another ship recorded winds of 115 mph ( 185 km h ) . At around 12 00 UTC on October 27 , the hurricane made landfall just northwest of Manzanillo , Colima , with an eye 13 mi ( 20 km ) in diameter . The Mary Barbara a ship in Manzanillo Harbor estimated winds of 155 mph ( 250 km h ) , which was the basis for the previous estimated landfall intensity of 160 mph ( 260 km h ) , which was later determined to be an overestimate . The same ship reported a minimum barometric pressure of 958 mbar ( 28 . 3 inHg ) in the southeastern periphery of the eyewall this , in conjunction with other nearby readings , suggested a minimum central pressure of 955 mbar ( 28 . 2 inHg ) . A reanalysis in 2016 indicated that the hurricane 's peak intensity at landfall was 140 mph ( 220 km h ) , based on uncertainties in the wind estimates , the central pressure , as well as the storm 's small size and slow movement . The hurricane rapidly weakened over the mountainous terrain of southwestern Mexico . Within 12 hours of landfall , the system weakened to tropical storm status , and on October 28 the storm dissipated . Preparations and impact Thousands of people were unprepared for the storm . Thus , the system was dubbed a sneak hurricane . After passing well offshore from Acapulco , it was forecast to head out to sea . Instead , it recurved east and made landfall . The hurricane had devastating effects on the places it hit . It killed at least 1 , 000 people directly , and a total of 1 , 800 people . At that time , it was Mexico 's worst natural disaster in recent times . Most of the destruction was in Colima and Jalisco . A preliminary estimate of property damage was 280 million ( 1959 USD ) . The storm sank three merchant ships , and two other vessels . On one ship , the Sinaloa , 21 of 38 hands went down . On another , the El Caribe , all hands were lost . As many as 150 total boats were sunk . A quarter of the homes in unk , Jalisco , were totally destroyed , leaving many homeless . In Manzanillo , Colima , 40 percent of all homes were destroyed , and four ships in the harbor were sunk . Large portions of Colima and Jalisco were isolated by flooding . Hundreds of people were stranded . Minatitln , Colima , suffered especially , as 800 people out of its population of 1000 were dead or missing , according to a message sent to President Adolfo Lpez Mateos . In Colima , all coconut plantations were blown down and thousands of people were left out of work . That state 's economy was damaged enough that officials thought it would take years to recover . The hurricane also dumped heavy rains along its path . This water logged the hills near Minatitln , and contributed to huge mudslide late on October 29 that claimed 800 victims . The slide uncovered hundreds of venomous scorpions and snakes , which killed tens more people in the aftermath . Additional hordes of scorpions were driven from their nests when the adobe walls crumbled away . The Governor of Colima , Rodolfo Chvez Carrillo and his wife issued a plea for venom inoculations afterwards . In some places , the mud was 10 feet ( 3 . 0 m ) deep . Water supplies were badly polluted , both by debris and dead bodies . Aftermath and records In the aftermath , air rescue operations were conducted , but the destruction of roads in the area hindered convoys carrying aid . Planes also made supply drops , but rescue operations were hindered by broken roads and rails . Survivors were vaccinated against typhoid and tetanus . Part of Manzanillo was placed under quarantine . The cyclone was the deadliest east Pacific hurricane . Its death totals are higher than any other known Pacific hurricane , including Hurricanes Paul and Liza .
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3,648 | New York State Route 251 ( NY 251 ) is an east west state highway in western New York in the United States . It extends for 17 . 79 miles ( 28 . 63 km ) from NY 383 in Scottsville , Monroe County , to NY 96 in the town of Victor , Ontario County . NY 251 connects to Interstate 390 ( I 390 ) in Rush and serves the village of Honeoye Falls ( via NY 65 ) and the hamlet of Mendon within the town of the same name . The route , a two lane , rural highway for much of its length , also intersects NY 15 and NY 64 , two north south highways leading to the Southern Tier and the Finger Lakes , respectively . Two sections of the route from south of Scottsville to Rush and from Mendon to western Victor follow linear east west alignments . All but 3 miles ( 5 km ) of the route are located in Monroe County . From 1911 to 1921 , the north south section of modern NY 251 near Scottsville was part of Route 15 , an unsigned legislative route assigned by the New York State Legislature . The first portion of what is now NY 251 to receive a posted designation was the segment east of NY 64 in Mendon , which was part of the signed NY 15 from 1924 to 1930 . In the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York , NY 251 was assigned to an alignment extending from Gates to Victor via Scottsville , utilizing modern NY 386 north of Scottsville and its current alignment east of the village . NY 251 was truncated to begin at NY 383 in Scottsville in the late 1970s , at which time the former routing of NY 251 between Scottsville and Gates became part of an extended NY 386 . Route description NY 251 begins at an intersection with NY 383 in the center of the village of Scottsville , located within the town of Wheatland . It departs Scottsville to the south as River Road and crosses over Oatka Creek before meeting Quaker Road at a rural intersection just south of the village . While River Road continues southward as the unsigned NY unk , NY 251 turns east to begin its east west trek across the mostly undeveloped southern portion of Monroe County . After roughly 0 . 5 miles ( 0 . 8 km ) , it crosses over the Genesee River and into the town of Rush , becoming Rush Scottsville Road in the process . Just inside the town line , NY 251 passes through the hamlet of Industry , a location centered around NY 251 's grade crossing with the Livonia , Avon and Lakeville Railroad and the adjacent Rochester Genesee Valley Railroad Museum . Midway through the town of Rush , NY 251 widens from two to four lanes and meets I 390 at exit 11 . Just east of the freeway , NY 251 intersects NY 15 , which is also served by exit 11 by way of a pair of short collector distributor roads paralleling I 390 from NY 251 to NY 15 . Past NY 15 , the route reverts to a two lane highway and veers southeast to parallel Honeoye Creek into the hamlet of Rush . Here , the route passes through a more populated area as it intersects NY 15A in the center of the community , at which point it becomes Rush Mendon Road . NY 251 continues to follow Honeoye Creek through progressively less developed areas and into the town of Mendon , where the creek curves southward toward Honeoye Falls at Rochester Junction . The highway , however , turns northeastward to meet NY 65 at a roundabout . The northeasterly routing of NY 251 continues to Mendon Center , a small hamlet near the southern tip of Mendon Ponds Park , where it turns eastward once more . NY 251 continues across open fields to the densely populated hamlet of Mendon , where it has a junction with NY 64 in the center of the community . East of the junction , NY 251 becomes Victor Mendon Road as it heads out of Mendon . About 0 . 5 miles ( 0 . 8 km ) from NY 64 , the open surroundings return as the route crosses into the Ontario County town of Victor . NY 251 continues on a virtual east west line for its first 1 . 5 miles ( 2 . 4 km ) in the county , heading through slightly more developed but still sparsely populated areas . At Phillips Road , the route curves southeastward for 1 mile ( 1 . 6 km ) before making one final turn to the northeast . On this last stretch , NY 251 crosses the Ontario Central Railroad at a grade crossing and ends at a junction with NY 96 northwest of the village of Victor . History The westernmost portion of what is now NY 251 between NY 383 in Scottsville and the junction of River and Quaker Roads south of the village was once part of Route 15 , an unsigned legislative route assigned by the New York State Legislature . Route 15 was extended northward from its original terminus in Caledonia to Scottsville via River Road on July 24 , 1911 however , it was realigned on March 1 , 1921 , to enter Scottsville on modern NY 383 instead . When the first set of posted routes were assigned in New York in 1924 , this piece of modern NY 251 did not receive a designation . Another section did , however , as the portion extending from Mendon east to Victor was designated as part of NY 15 . In the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York , NY 15 was rerouted between Victor and Pittsford to follow current NY 96 . The former routing of NY 15 from Victor to Mendon became part of NY 251 , a new highway extending from NY 15 in Victor to NY 33 in Gates via Chili and Scottsville . West of Scottsville , NY 251 was routed on modern NY 383 and NY 386 . From 1930 to c . 1938 , the River Road section of NY 251 overlapped with NY 35 , which initially entered Monroe County on the former routing of legislative Route 15 and continued north to Rochester on current NY 383 . The southwestern end of NY 35 was moved to Mumford c . 1938 , shifting the location of the overlap to Main Street in Scottsville . The concurrency was replaced with one with NY 383 when it supplanted most of NY 35 in the early 1940s . In the late 1970s , NY 251 was truncated to begin at the eastern end of its overlap with NY 383 in Scottsville . The former routing of NY 251 from the west end of the concurrency in Scottsville to Gates became an extension of NY 386 , which was a simple connector in northern Gates and southern Greece prior to the change . Major intersections
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3,649 | Maryland Route 234 ( MD 234 ) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland . Known as Budds Creek Road , the state highway runs 19 . 02 miles ( 30 . 61 km ) from U.S. Route 301 ( US 301 ) in Allens Fresh east to MD 5 in Leonardtown . MD 234 is the primary east west highway of southern Charles County and western St. Mary 's County , connecting the St. Mary 's County seat of Leonardtown and the communities of Clements , Chaptico , Budds Creek , Wicomico , and Newport with US 301 , which heads north to La Plata , the county seat of Charles County , and south to the Governor Harry W. Nice Memorial Bridge over the Potomac River . MD 234 originally followed what is now MD 238 from Chaptico east to MD 5 at Helen . The Chaptico Leonardtown portion of the highway was then designated as part of MD 237 . The original MD 234 was constructed in the early 1920s MD 237 was built in the late 1920s and early 1930s . MD 237 between Clements and Leonardtown was reconstructed around 1950 . The Chaptico Clements section of MD 237 and MD 234 west of Chaptico were rebuilt around 1960 , projects that involved many relocations and several new bridges . At the conclusion of the project in 1961 , MD 234 was extended east over the former section of MD 237 to Leonardtown MD 238 was extended from Chaptico to Helen on what was previously MD 234 . Route description MD 234 begins at a directional crossover intersection with US 301 ( Robert Crain Highway ) about 4 miles ( 6 . 4 km ) north of the Governor Harry W. Nice Memorial Bridge , also known as the Potomac River Bridge . The state highway heads east as a two lane road that crosses over CSX 's Popes Creek Subdivision and passes through the hamlet of Allens Fresh . MD 234 crosses Allens Fresh Run , a tributary of the Wicomico River , as the stream flows out of the southern end of Zekiah Swamp , which is preserved within Zekiah Swamp Natural Environment Area . The state highway passes through the community of Newport , home of St. Mary 's Roman Catholic Church , and crosses Gilbert Swamp Run into the hamlet of Wicomico , which contains the historic home Sarum . MD 234 leaves Charles County by crossing over Budds Creek . MD 234 curves southeast through the hamlet of Budds Creek , where the highway meets the southern end of MD 236 ( Thompson Corner Road ) and passes three motorsports facilities Maryland International Speedway , Budds Creek Motocross , and Potomac Speedway . The state highway continues southeast , passing by Wicomico Shores Country Club and its associated residential area separated from the highway by a large tract of forest . MD 234 crosses Hayden Run and passes through Chaptico , where the highway intersects MD 238 at a roundabout MD 238 heads northeast as Chaptico Road and southwest as Maddox Road . The state highway passes another historic home , Deep Falls , on the way to Clements . At Clements , MD 234 intersects MD 242 ( Colton Point Road ) , which leads south to the site of Maryland 's First Landing at St. Clement 's Island . The state highway crosses Clements Creek and heads east through farmland , crossing Nelson Run right before the highway reaches its eastern terminus at MD 5 ( Point Lookout Road ) on the western edge of Leonardtown . History MD 234 originally followed roughly its current course from Allens Fresh to Chaptico , then followed what is now MD 238 east to MD 5 at Helen . The highway between Chaptico and Leonardtown via Clements was MD 237 . MD 234 was constructed as a gravel road from Allens Fresh east to Newport around 1921 . The highway was extended east to the Charles St. Mary 's county line in 1923 . The Chaptico Helen road , as well as 1 mile ( 1 . 6 km ) of road west of Chaptico , were also constructed in 1923 . The original course of MD 234 was completed when the gap between Chaptico and the county line at Budds Creek was filled in 1925 . MD 237 was started between Clements and Leonardtown in 1924 and between Chaptico and Clements in 1926 . By 1927 , there were two 1 mile ( 1 . 6 km ) sections of gravel east from Chaptico and east from Clements . Another section of highway west from Clements was built in 1928 . By 1930 , MD 237 was complete from Clements to Leonardtown . The gap between Chaptico and Clements was under construction in 1930 and completed in 1932 . The first upgrade of MD 234 was a relocation at Allens Fresh Run , which included replacing a dangerous one way bridge over the stream , that was completed in 1933 . MD 237 was reconstructed with a bituminous stabilized gravel surface between Clements and Leonardtown in 1950 and 1951 , a project that included new bridges over Clements Creek at a spot known as Head of the Bay and over Nelson Run near Leonardtown . Reconstruction of MD 234 from Allens Fresh to Chaptico and MD 237 from there to Clements occurred between 1959 and 1961 . MD 234 and MD 237 were significantly straightened out , leaving behind many sections of old alignment unk School Road in Allens Fresh Allens Fresh Road between Allens Fresh and Newport unk Store Road in Newport Plater Road and Olde Mill Road in Wicomico Stone Corner Lane , which is unsigned MD unk , and Reed Road in Budds Creek and Horse Shoe Road between Chaptico and Clements . The project also involved new bridges over Gilbert Swamp Run , Chaptico Creek , and Budds Creek . When the project was completed in 1961 , MD 234 assumed the course of MD 237 between Chaptico and Leonardtown and MD 238 was extended over the segment of MD 234 between Chaptico and Helen . The first roundabout in St. Mary 's County was installed at the intersection of MD 238 and MD 234 in Chaptico in 2007 . In September 2011 , MD 234 's bridge over Allens Fresh Run was washed out by flooding of the creek due to torrential rainfall from the remnants of Tropical Storm Lee . Traffic was detoured over MD 236 , MD 6 , and US 301 until a temporary bridge was completed parallel to the damaged section in November 2011 . The Maryland State Highway Administration dismantled the damaged 40 foot ( 12 m ) long bridge and built a 100 foot ( 30 m ) long replacement bridge in 2012 . Junction list
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3,650 | John of Tours or John de Villula ( died 1122 ) was a medieval Bishop of Wells in England who moved the diocese seat to Bath . He was a native of Tours and was King William I of England 's doctor before becoming a bishop . After his consecration as bishop , he was either given or purchased Bath Abbey , a rich monastery , and then moved the headquarters of the diocese from Wells , to the abbey . He rebuilt the church at Bath , building a large cathedral that no longer survives . He gave a large library to his cathedral and received the right to hold a fair in Bath . Not noted for his scholarship , he died suddenly in 1122 . Early life A native of Tours , John was an Angevin French physician to King William I of England , being present at the king 's deathbed in 1087 . William of Malmesbury , the medieval chronicler , called him a very skilled doctor , not in theoretical knowledge , but in practice . He had been a priest of Tours before becoming doctor to King William . He seems to have learned his medical skills not in a school , but was considered a skilled doctor . The name de Villula first appears in 1691 , and is not a contemporary name . It resulted from a misreading of John 's name in his episcopal profession . Bishop of Bath John was appointed Bishop of Wells in 1088 by King William II Rufus , the son and successor to William I. The bishop 's consecration was in July , at Canterbury by Archbishop Lanfranc , the Archbishop of Canterbury . He probably owed his appointment to the king 's desire to honour his father 's physician . Shortly after his consecration , John bought Bath Abbey 's grounds from the king , as well as the city of Bath itself . Whether John paid Rufus for the town or whether he was given the town as a gift by the king is unclear . The abbey had recently lost its abbot unk , and was according to Domesday Book the owner of large estates in and near the town . It would have been the wealth of the abbey that attracted John to take over the monastery . By acquiring the town of Bath , John also acquired the mint that was in the town . In 1090 he transferred the seat , or administration , of the bishopric to Bath Abbey , probably as an attempt to increase the revenues of his see . Bath was a rich abbey , and Wells had always been a poor diocese . By taking over the abbey , John increased his episcopal revenues . William of Malmesbury portrays the moving of the episcopal seat as motivated by a desire for the lands of the abbey , but it was part of a pattern at the time of moving cathedral seats from small villages to larger towns . When John moved his episcopal seat , he also took over the abbey of Bath as his cathedral chapter , turning his diocese into a bishopric served by monks instead of the canons located at Wells that had previously served the diocese . John rebuilt the monastic church at Bath , which had been damaged during one of Robert de Mowbray 's rebellions . As rebuilt , it was only surpassed in size by the cathedrals at Ely , Norwich and Winchester . The present Bath Cathedral is not the building that John built , and occupies only a fraction of the space that John 's building encompassed . He also reformed the administration of his diocese , setting up archdeacons and organising a court for hearing ecclesiastical cases . His efforts to reform his diocese led to his cathedral chapter 's complaining of their treatment , which John seems to have ignored . At Wells , he was accused of destroying the community of canons there , which had been created by his predecessor . In 1092 , he helped with the consecration of Old Sarum Cathedral , although its roof was almost immediately damaged by a storm and required decades of repair . In 1094 , he performed the same service for Battle Abbey . After the accession of King Henry I of England , John received a confirmation of the grant of the city of Bath , paying 500 pounds of silver for the verification . In 1102 , John secured from King Henry the right to hold fairs at Bath on the feast day of the cathedral 's patron saint , Saint Peter . He gave an extensive library to the cathedral at Bath , and eventually the monks there became reconciled to him . John , however , continued to hold most of the old abbey 's manors himself , rather than using them for the support of the monks . Investiture Controversy John was one of the bishops that sided with King William against Anselm of Canterbury at the king 's Whitsun council in 1097 , one of early councils called during the Investiture Controversy in England . During the reign of King Henry I , who succeeded his brother King William in 1100 , John along with Robert Bloet , the Bishop of Lincoln , consecrated abbots who had been invested in office by the king . John attended Anselm 's reforming Council of London in 1102 , which debated and passed decrees to reform the clergy . Death and legacy John died in December 1122 and was buried in Bath Cathedral . He suffered a heart attack after dinner and died suddenly . Traditionally the date of his death is given as 29 December . Under John , the monks of Bath became known for their scholarship , although he was not particularly noted for learning . William of unk claimed he was generous and affable , although the chronicler acknowledged that the bishop treated the canons of Wells abominably . William also recorded that John was a heavy drinker and not given to self restraint , but that his health was good and he lived to be old . At first he treated the monks at Bath with contempt and confiscated much of the lands of the abbey for his own use , but in 1106 he restored their lands to them . John 's canons of Wells disliked him because he reduced their income and destroyed some of their buildings as part of the movement of the see to Bath . A layman official of the diocese , Hildebert , was probably John 's brother and he held the offices of steward of the diocese and was also the provost of Wells , an inheritable office . John gave much of the revenues of Wells to Hildebert . Another relative , a nephew also named John , was named archdeacon in the diocese .
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3,651 | SMS Lothringen was the fifth of five pre dreadnought battleships of the Braunschweig class in the German Imperial Navy laid down in 1902 and commissioned 1906 . She was named for the then German province of Lothringen , now Lorraine , a region of France . Her sister ships were Braunschweig , Elsass , Hessen , and Preussen . Lothringen served in the II Battle Squadron of the German High Seas Fleet for the majority of her career . She participated in a fleet advance in December 1914 in support of the Raid on Scarborough , Hartlepool and Whitby during which the German fleet encountered and briefly clashed with a detachment of the British Grand Fleet . Her poor condition necessitated her withdrawal from fleet service in 1916 , after which she was used as a guard ship in the Baltic Sea , and later as a training ship . After the war , Lothringen was retained by the re formed Reichsmarine and converted into a depot ship for F type minesweepers . She was stricken in March 1931 and sold to ship breakers later that year . Construction Lothringen was laid down in 1902 , at the Schichau Werke in Danzig under construction number 716 . The fifth and final unit of her class , she was ordered under the contract name M as a new unit for the fleet . The ship cost 23 , 801 , 000 marks . Lothringen was launched on 27 May 1904 and commissioned into the fleet on 18 May 1906 . The ship was 127 . 7 m ( 419 ft ) long overall and had a beam of 22 . 2 m ( 73 ft ) and a draft of 8 . 1 m ( 27 ft ) forward . The ship was powered by three 3 cylinder vertical triple expansion engines that drove three screws . Steam was provided by eight naval and six cylindrical boilers , all of which burned coal . Lothringen 's powerplant was rated at 16 , 000 metric horsepower ( 15 , 781 ihp 11 , 768 kW ) , which generated a top speed of 18 knots ( 33 km h 21 mph ) . Lothringen 's armament consisted of a main battery of four 28 cm ( 11 in ) SK L 40 guns in twin gun turrets , one fore and one aft of the central superstructure . Her secondary armament consisted of fourteen 17 cm ( 6 . 7 inch ) SK L 40 guns and eighteen 8 . 8 cm ( 3 . 45 in ) SK L 35 quick firing guns . The armament suite was rounded out with six 45 cm ( 18 in ) torpedo tubes , all mounted submerged in the hull . Service history After commissioning , Lothringen was assigned to the II Battle Squadron of the German fleet . Lothringen participated in the de Ruyter festival in Amsterdam on 24 March 1907 . In 1909 , Lothringen and the older battleship Mecklenburg won the annual Kaiser 's Prize for accurate shooting . By 1911 , Germany 's first two classes of dreadnought battleships the Nassau and Helgoland classes were entering service . These ships were assigned to I Battle Squadron all of the older Kaiser Friedrich III and Wittelsbach class vessels , armed with only 24 cm ( 9 . 4 in ) guns , were placed in reserve . Germany now had a battleship fleet armed entire with guns 28 cm ( 11 in ) or larger . Lothringen was present during the fleet cruise to Norway in July 1914 , which was cut short by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and subsequent rise in international tensions . On 25 July the ship 's crew was made aware of Austria Hungary 's ultimatum to Serbia Lothringen left Norway to rendezvous with the rest of the fleet the following day . World War I After the outbreak of war in August 1914 , the High Seas Fleet conducted a series of operations designed to lure out a portion of the numerically superior British Grand Fleet and destroy it . By achieving a rough equality of forces , the German navy could then force a decisive battle in the southern portion of the North Sea . The first such operation in which the High Seas Fleet , including Lothringen , participated was the raid on Scarborough , Hartlepool and Whitby on 15 16 December 1914 . The main fleet acted as distant support for Rear Admiral Franz von Hipper 's battlecruiser squadron while it raided the coastal towns . On the evening of 15 December , the fleet came to within 10 nmi ( 19 km 12 mi ) of an isolated squadron of six British battleships . However , skirmishes between the rival destroyer screens in the darkness convinced the German fleet commander , Admiral Friedrich von Ingenohl , that the entire Grand Fleet was deployed before him . Under orders from Kaiser Wilhelm II , von Ingenohl broke off the engagement and turned the battlefleet back towards Germany . Like her sister Preussen , Lothringen missed the Battle of Jutland on 31 May 1 June 1916 , though for different reasons . Preussen had been temporarily transferred to guard duties in the Baltic , while Lothringen was in such poor condition that Vice Admiral Reinhard Scheer , the fleet commander , removed her from the squadron . Jutland proved to Scheer that the pre dreadnought battleships were too vulnerable to take part in a major fleet action , and so detached the II Squadron from the High Seas Fleet . Lothringen became a guard ship in the Baltic after she left the battle fleet . The following year she was transferred to Wilhelmshaven , where she was used as an exercise ship , as well as to train engineers . She served in this capacity until the end of the war in 1918 . Post war career The Treaty of Versailles , which ended the war , specified that Germany was permitted to retain six battleships of the Deutschland or Lothringen types . Lothringen was among those ships chosen to remain on active service with the newly reformed Reichsmarine . Like her sister Preussen , Lothringen was converted into a parent ship for F type minesweepers at the Kriegsmarinewerft in Wilhelmshaven in 1919 the ship was disarmed and platforms for holding the minesweepers were installed . Lothringen served in this capacity with the newly reformed Reichsmarine from 1922 until 1926 , after which she was placed in reserve . She was stricken from the naval register on 31 March 1931 the Reichsmarine then sold her , minus her armor plating , to ship breakers that year for 269 , 650 Reichsmarks . Lothringen was subsequently broken up for scrap by Blohm Voss in Hamburg .
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3,652 | Iowa Highway 1 ( Iowa 1 ) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Iowa that extends from Keosauqua to Anamosa . It travels nearly 120 miles ( 190 km ) , mainly through rich farmland and small communities . Iowa 1 provides an important link to Iowa City and the University of Iowa as it passes through campus . Portions of the route today date back to the late 1830s , when Martin Van Buren was president , making Iowa 1 one of the oldest routes in the state , pre dating the current primary highway system by nearly eighty years . The highway was seriously damaged by the Cedar River in the Iowa flood of 2008 , which closed the highway for seven weeks . Route description Iowa 1 begins at a T intersection with Iowa 2 in rural Van Buren County , south of Keosauqua . It passes through gently rolling farmland for ten miles ( 16 km ) before entering the Des Moines River valley adjacent to Lacey Keosauqua State Park . The highway crosses the Des Moines River and enters Keosauqua along Main Street . At Broad Street , Iowa 1 turned north and headed out of town . Between Keosauqua and the southern junction with Iowa 16 , the highway runs parallel to the Des Moines River , the river 's course bending sharply around Keosauqua . South of Birmingham , Iowa 1 briefly overlaps Iowa 16 for two miles ( 3 . 2 km ) . The next seven miles ( 11 km ) run due north passing through Birmingham , before the highway crosses Cedar Creek south of Fairfield . On the south side of Fairfield , the highway meets the new U.S. Highway 34 ( US 34 ) Iowa 163 bypass at a partial cloverleaf interchange . Iowa 1 enters Fairfield along Main Street . For one block , Iowa 1 overlaps US 34 Business on Burlington Street before turning onto Second Street . Along Second Street , the highway passes under a BNSF Railway Amtrak viaduct . North of the viaduct , Iowa 1 turns west for two blocks along Merrill Avenue and turns north again onto Fourth Street . On the northern edge of Fairfield , the highway passes next to Maharishi International University . North of Fairfield , Iowa 1 passes the Fairfield Municipal Airport and Maharishi Vedic City . For the next nine miles ( 14 km ) , the highway continues due north through Jefferson and Keokuk County . Southeast of Richland , Iowa 1 meets Iowa 78 at a T intersection . Heading east from this intersection , Iowa 1 and Iowa 78 overlap for seven and a half miles ( 12 . 1 km ) until entering Brighton on Fountain Street . Iowa 1 splits off to the north onto Benton Street while Iowa 78 turns to the south and east . North of Brighton , it crosses the Skunk River and passes through the river 's one mile wide ( 1 . 6 km ) valley . For nine miles ( 14 km ) , Iowa 1 passes through southern Washington County heading northeast towards Washington . At Washington , Iowa 1 intersects Iowa 92 on the southwestern edge of town . The two highways curve around to the north and split three miles ( 4 . 8 km ) later . Iowa 1 passes through flat farmland before crossing the English River south of unk . Iowa 1 skirts the western edge of unk and intersects Iowa Highway 22 . It continues north for seven miles ( 11 km ) before turning northeast for eight miles ( 13 km ) more towards Iowa City . Iowa 1 intersects US 218 and Iowa 27 , the Avenue of the Saints , at a diamond interchange on the southwestern edge of Iowa City . It curves to the north of Iowa City Municipal Airport , intersecting US 6 at Riverside Drive . For three quarters mile ( 1 . 2 km ) , Iowa 1 overlaps US 6 on Riverside Drive before crossing the Iowa River in downtown Iowa City . On Burlington Street , Iowa 1 passes the University of Iowa library , the old state capitol , and the unk Mall . Iowa 1 turns north onto the one way Governor Street Dodge Street handles the accompanying southbound lanes of traffic . The one way streets rejoin as Dodge Street before intersecting Interstate 80 ( I 80 ) at another diamond interchange . Iowa 1 continues north through Johnson County for twelve miles ( 19 km ) , passing through Solon . At Solon , it intersects County Road F16 , which provides access to Lake MacBride State Park . Six miles ( 9 . 7 km ) southwest of Mount Vernon , Iowa 1 turns to the northeast , entering Linn County and crossing the Cedar River before entering Mount Vernon , where it intersects US 30 . At First Street , Iowa 1 crosses the Lincoln Highway . On the northern edge of Mount Vernon , Iowa 1 crosses a major Union Pacific Railroad line . Iowa 1 continues north towards unk , where it enters Jones unk three and a half miles ( 5 . 6 km ) northeast of unk , Iowa 1 ends at a partial cloverleaf interchange with US 151 . History The current Iowa 1 was designated in the 1920s , extending from Iowa 2 near Keosauqua to Iowa 38 near Rochester . Between Keosauqua and Iowa City , Iowa 1 replaced Primary Road No. 11 and between Iowa City and Rochester , it replaced Primary Road No. 74 . In 1962 , Iowa 1 was realigned north of Iowa City replacing Iowa 261 from Anamosa to Iowa City . This section approximately follows part of the route of the territorial and military road from Dubuque to Iowa City . This road , authorized by President Martin Van Buren in 1839 , was known as Dillon 's Furrow , named after Dubuque merchant Lyman Dillon who surveyed the route and marked it with a furrow . Most of the deviations of the route of Iowa 1 from Dillon 's original route are the result of road straightening or bypasses around town centers . The leftover section of Iowa 1 from Iowa City to Iowa 38 , part of the Herbert Hoover Highway , became the unsigned Iowa 979 . In 1997 , it was announced that parts of US 151 and Iowa 1 would become the first Super two highways in Iowa . A 42 mile ( 68 km ) section between Washington and US 30 was to be improved in 2002 , but because of funding shortages , the project was scratched . In the Iowa flood of 2008 , flood waters of the Cedar River caused the closure of Iowa 1 between Solon and Mount Vernon on June 12 , 2008 . Once the floods receded , major damage was left behind . Repair work began on July 11 and was completed by July 30 , 2008 . Major intersections
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3,653 | In the U.S. state of Iowa , Interstate 29 ( I 29 ) is a north south Interstate Highway which closely parallels the Missouri River . I 29 enters Iowa from Missouri near Hamburg and heads to the north northwest through the Omaha Council Bluffs and the Sioux City areas . It exits the state by crossing the Big Sioux River into South Dakota . For its entire distance through the state , it runs on the flat land between the Missouri River and the Loess Hills . I 29 was built in sections over a period of 15 years . When there was a shortage of male workers , female workers stepped in to build a twenty mile ( 32 km ) section near Missouri Valley . Between Council Bluffs and Sioux City , I 29 replaced U.S. Route 75 ( US 75 ) as the major route in western Iowa . As a result of I 29 's creation , US 75 south of Sioux City was relocated into Nebraska . Route description Interstate 29 enters Iowa south of Hamburg . The interstate heads northwest , where it meets Iowa Highway 333 ( Iowa 333 ) at a diamond interchange . From Hamburg , I 29 continues to the northwest for seven miles ( 11 km ) where it meets Iowa 2 three miles ( 4 . 8 km ) east of Nebraska City , Nebraska . North of the Iowa 2 interchange , the interstate straightens out to the north interchanges serving Percival , Thurman , and Bartlett are spaced out every four and a half miles ( 7 . 2 km ) . At the US 34 interchange near Glenwood , I 29 is joined by US 275 . North of Glenwood , I 29 US 275 continue north towards Council Bluffs . The two routes meet Iowa 370 , which crosses into Nebraska providing access to Offutt Air Force Base in Bellevue , Nebraska . Near Lake Manawa , US 275 splits away from I 29 at the Iowa 92 unk three quarters mile ( 1 . 2 km ) north of the split , the interstate is joined from the east by Interstate 80 . The two interstates head west together through southern Council Bluffs for three miles ( 4 . 8 km ) . When the two interstates split at a Y interchange , I 80 immediately crosses the Missouri River into Nebraska , and I 29 immediately turns to the north . Two miles ( 3 . 2 km ) to the north is a modified Y interchange with US 6 and the eastern end of I 480 . North of Council Bluffs , I 29 is joined by I 680 near Crescent . The two interstates travel north together for nine miles ( 14 km ) before I 680 splits off to the east near Loveland . I 29 continues north for four miles ( 6 . 4 km ) to Missouri Valley , where it intersects US 30 . North of Missouri Valley , the interstate turns to the northwest towards unk and then straightens out again south of unk , where I 29 meets the western end of Iowa 127 . From unk , it travels north for 23 miles ( 37 km ) to the Iowa 175 interchange at unk , passing Little Sioux and unk . North of unk , I 29 continues northwest for fifteen miles ( 24 km ) towards Sloan , where it meets the western end of Iowa 141 . As it approaches the Sioux City metro area , it passes the Sioux Gateway Airport at Sergeant Bluff . At the Singing Hills Boulevard interchange , northbound is joined by southbound U.S. Route 75 Business ( US 75 Bus . ) . One mile ( 1 . 6 km ) later , US 75 Bus. ends at the cloverleaf interchange with US 20 US 75 , which is also the eastern end of Interstate 129 . For the next three miles ( 4 . 8 km ) north of the I 129 interchange , I 29 runs closely , as close as 200 feet ( 61 m ) , to the Missouri River . The interstate follows the curve of the river and turns to the west . It meets Gordon Drive , which carries US 20 Bus . US 20 Bus. traffic is directed onto the interstate for one half mile ( 0 . 80 km ) before it exits via a volleyball interchange which represents the national northern end of U.S. Route 77 . I 29 continues west along the Missouri River , and after the Big Sioux River converges into the Missouri , I 29 follows the Big Sioux . Shortly before it crosses the Big Sioux into South Dakota , Iowa 12 splits away to the north . History Construction of Interstate 29 began in the late 1950s in the Sioux City area . The first section to open , a three mile long ( 4 . 8 km ) stretch from the Big Sioux River to the then US 20 US 77 bridge across the Missouri River , opened around October 1 , 1958 . In September 1961 , I 29 was extended across the Big Sioux River to South Dakota . On April 1 , 1962 , some of the northbound directional spans collapsed into the Big Sioux River at the South Dakota state line as a result of flooding and bridge scour . North of Council Bluffs , a twenty mile ( 32 km ) section to Missouri Valley opened in November 1958 . By December 1967 , the two sections were connected , creating 100 miles ( 160 km ) of continuous interstate highway . Due to a shortage of male workers , at least 20 women were enlisted to help build this section of I 29 . The women were paid 2 . 00 hourly ( 14 . 00 hourly in 2016 dollars ) , the same wage as men would have earned . Construction of I 29 in the Council Bluffs area was completed in 1970 and the route was open to Glenwood in the same year . Additional interchanges were added in the Sioux City and Council Bluffs areas between 1970 and 1971 . The last thirty miles ( 48 km ) of interstate were constructed and opened in sections over the next two years the last section opened on December 15 , 1972 . In 1973 , US 34 was expanded to four lanes near Glenwood , which resulted in US 34 being rerouted onto I 29 for three miles ( 4 . 8 km ) . In 2003 , US 275 was rerouted onto I 29 from the same interchange near Glenwood northward to Iowa 92 at Council Bluffs . The former US 275 alignment was turned over to Mills and Pottawattamie Counties . Much of I 29 was built next to existing highways , most notably US 75 . When the section of I 29 opened between Council Bluffs and Missouri Valley , US 75 was rerouted onto I 29 . When construction connecting the Sioux City and Council Bluffs segments was completed , US 75 was again rerouted onto I 29 . In the mid 1980s , US 75 , from Council Bluffs to Sioux City , was completely rerouted out of Iowa , instead extending up the former US 73 corridor in Nebraska . Exit list
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3,654 | Frozen Fever is a 2015 American computer animated musical fantasy short film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . It is a sequel to the 2013 feature film Frozen , and tells the story of Anna 's birthday party given by Elsa with the help of Kristoff , Sven , and Olaf . Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee again served as the directors with Kristen Bell , Idina Menzel , Jonathan Groff , and Josh Gad providing the lead voices . Frozen Fever was first announced in September 2014 by Disney Animation 's chief creative officer John Lasseter . The film debuted in theaters alongside Walt Disney Pictures ' Cinderella on March 13 , 2015 . It received positive reviews from critics , along with praise for its new song Making Today a Perfect Day by Kristen Anderson Lopez and Robert Lopez . Plot Elsa plans to give Anna a surprise birthday party with the help of Kristoff , Sven , and Olaf but while Anna is led on a party treasure hunt by a string that winds through the kingdom , Elsa has caught a cold , and unknowingly produces a group of small animated snowmen ( Snowgies ) with each sneeze , who begin to dismantle the birthday party 's decorations while Kristoff tries to stop them . While Elsa takes Anna on the hunt , Kristoff , Sven , and Olaf try to control the Snowgies and fix the decorations in time for Anna and Elsa 's return . After Elsa nearly falls off a clock tower , Anna convinces her to take rest . While Anna enjoys the party , Elsa sneezes a giant snowball through an unk , and stuns Hans overseas whereupon Elsa rests in bed under Anna 's care . Olaf , Kristoff , and Sven escort the Snowgies to Elsa 's ice palace , where they stay with her snow giant doorkeeper ' Marshmallow ' . Cast Kristen Bell as Anna Idina Menzel as Elsa Jonathan Groff as Kristoff Josh Gad as Olaf Chris Williams as Oaken Santino Fontana as Hans Paul Briggs as Marshmallow Production On September 2 , 2014 , during the ABC airing of The Story of Frozen Making a Disney Animated Classic , Walt Disney Animation Studios ' chief creative officer John Lasseter announced that a Frozen short film with a new song would be released in the future . On the same day , Variety announced that the short would be released in early 2015 under the title Frozen Fever , with Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee returning as co directors , Peter Del Vecho returning as producer and a new song by Kristen Anderson Lopez and Robert Lopez . Olaf the snowman would also make an appearance in the short . On December 3 , 2014 , it was announced that Aimee Scribner would be a co producer and that Frozen Fever would debut in theaters alongside Walt Disney Pictures ' Cinderella on March 13 , 2015 . In late December , the co directors told the Associated Press There is something magic about these characters and this cast and this music . Hopefully , the audiences will enjoy the short we 're doing , but we felt it again . It was really fun . Around the same time , Dave Metzger , who worked on the orchestration for Frozen , disclosed he was already at work on Frozen Fever . The short features the song Making Today a Perfect Day , by Anderson Lopez and Lopez . At the premiere of Cinderella and Frozen Fever at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood , California , on March 1 , 2015 , Josh Gad told USA Today , I want to apologize to parents everywhere for the fact that children are going to be singing a whole new Frozen song . The creators started brainstorming possibilities for the short film in June 2014 . After early discussions about Olaf , head story artist Marc Smith pitched the idea of what might happen if Elsa had a cold , which became the basis for the short 's plot . The directors began working on the short in June and by August were back in the recording studio with the cast to lay down vocal tracks . The production of Frozen Fever took six months . All of the animators from Frozen wanted to come back to animate at least one shot on Frozen Fever , resulting in a large number of animator credits for a short film . They struggled to squeeze the animation phase of the short 's production into a tight time slot in fall 2014 after animation wrapped on Big Hero 6 and before the studio 's animators had to start working on subsequent features . Release and reception Frozen Fever premiered in theaters alongside Walt Disney Pictures ' Cinderella on March 13 , 2015 . Frozen Fever was released on Digital HD and Disney Movies Anywhere on August 11 , 2015 . It was released on the Walt Disney Animation Studios Short Films Collection Blu ray Disc on August 18 , 2015 . It was also included on the Blu ray , DVD , and digital HD releases of Cinderella on September 15 , 2015 . On November 9 , 2015 , it released on an exclusive DVD copy of its own , courtesy of Tesco stores across the UK . USA Today 's Claudia Puig rated the short three stars out of four , and described the new song ( Making Today a Perfect Day ) as pleasant . She concluded that although the short is not as exhilarating and inventive as the original , it 's still a treat to see an abridged tale of these two sisters in a warmhearted spinoff . Writing for BBC , Natalie Jamieson called the new song catchy and fun . Dan Kois of the Slate called the film a real bummer , the first recent misfire from Disney 's shorts program , and thus the first serious misfire from the Lasseter led Disney . The Daily Telegraph 's Robbie Collin praised the song Making Today a Perfect Day , stating that it 's a lip smacking confection , dusted with pure icing sugar , and suggests that songwriters Kristen Anderson Lopez and Robert Lopez are capable of coming up with something special for the forthcoming feature length Frozen sequel . CraveOnline 's Witney Seibold wrote that the film is a celebration of the very kind of conspicuous consumerism that Disney is always smearing the landscape with . Mike Scott of The Times Picayune wrote that with its blend of sweetness , silliness and unk , this animated Disney short is satisfyingly consistent in vision and in spirit with the original Frozen .
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3,655 | U.S. Highway 136 ( US 136 ) is a short U.S. Highway in Keokuk , Iowa . The highway begins on a bridge over the Des Moines River within sight of its mouth at the Mississippi River . It runs above the northern bank of the Mississippi towards downtown Keokuk . There , it turns southeast where it meets the southern end of US 218 . The highway leaves Iowa on the Keokuk Hamilton Bridge over the Mississippi River . The route was designated nationally in 1951 and has remained largely unchanged through Keokuk since then . The highway originally crossed the Mississippi on the Keokuk Rail Bridge , which was the second bridge built and operated by Andrew Carnegie 's Keokuk Hamilton Bridge Company in that location . While it was designed for wagons and early automobiles , crossing the rail bridge became difficult in larger modern vehicles , specifically semi trucks . As a result , a new automobile only bridge was built directly to the south of the older span . The Keokuk Hamilton Bridge opened in 1985 eight months early and under budget . Route description US 136 begins on a bridge over the Des Moines River with US 61 . The river 's mouth on the Mississippi River is visible to the southeast of the bridge . After landing on the Iowa side of the river , the two routes curve to the east . US 61 splits off to the north and its business route begins along US 136 . Entering the town from the west along 7th Street , the highway passes between two pillars which mark the northeastern corner of Rees Park . The routes continue east past an old school which hides the city 's 4 million US gallon ( 15 ML ) water tower . The 160 foot high ( 49 m ) tower was the second largest elevated storage tank in the United States when it came online in December 2011 . It then crosses a bridge which connects two bluffs , underneath which a single line of the Keokuk Junction Railway passes . The routes descend a hill as they head towards downtown they climb another until the intersection with Main Street . At Main Street , US 136 and US 61 Business part ways . The business route turns to the northwest onto US 218 which begins its 320 mile ( 510 km ) journey northward . US 136 turns to the southeast towards the Mississippi River . At the intersection with US 218 , there are no directional signs for US 136 . Instead , because of the southeast to northwest orientation of the city , westbound US 136 direction is listed as Missouri and eastbound Illinois . After running through the southern part of downtown , it crosses the Mississippi on the Keokuk Hamilton Bridge , which is adjacent to the older Keokuk Rail Bridge . From both bridges , Lock and Dam No. 19 and its hydroelectric power plant dominate the northern view of the river . History In the late 1860s , Andrew Carnegie 's Keystone Bridge Company built the original Keokuk and Hamilton Bridge in the same location as the Keokuk Rail Bridge . It was a 20 foot wide ( 6 . 1 m ) , steel truss bridge that had one set of tracks and two lanes for wagon traffic . Pedestrian traffic was cantilevered out five feet ( 1 . 5 m ) on either side of the trusses . A swing span on the Keokuk side allowed river traffic to cross . When the bridge opened in 1871 , the first locomotive to cross the bridge crushed the pivot point of the swing span . It was replaced a few days later . Ten years later , War Eagle , a river steamer sank after it collided with a fixed span of the bridge . Both the ship and bridge span were destroyed . Until the span was replaced , a wooden , covered bridge was built in its place . The second bridge , now known as the Keokuk Rail Bridge , was built in the 1910s when modern trains were pushing the bridge 's 35 short ton ( 32 t ) load capacity . Keokuk businessmen coerced Carnegie 's Keokuk Hamilton Bridge Company , the owners of the original bridge who thought their bridge was adequate , to rebuild their bridge by threatening to build a new span on the new dam being built near the bridge . However , a new bridge over the new dam would require congressional approval , in the form of House Resolution unk . After hearings before the House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce , the committee chairman urged the Keokuk Hamilton Bridge Co. would reconstruct its bridge , or he would recommend passage of House Resolution unk . The bridge company relented and planning began almost immediately . The bridge company contracted with Ralph Modjeski to design the new bridge . Modjeski determined that the original bridge was indeed overstressed for rail traffic . He proposed two options a single track rail bridge with a roadway above the tracks or a bridge similar to the original but built to modern standards . The latter option was chosen . The piers of the bridge were cut down five feet ( 1 . 5 m ) and recapped . The 20 foot 6 inch wide ( 6 . 25 m ) bridge was built between 1914 and 1915 and opened for traffic in 1916 . The original roadway was made of wood , but was replaced by steel mesh in 1956 . US 136 was designated nationally in 1951 . In the Keokuk area , it was overlaid upon US 61 from west of Alexandria , Missouri , over the Des Moines River into Iowa , and into downtown Keokuk . South of downtown , it replaced Iowa 161 , which crossed the Mississippi River on the Keokuk Rail Bridge . Since its designation , the route has largely remained the same . However , the eastern end changed slightly with the opening of the Keokuk Hamilton Bridge in 1985 . In the 1970s , politicians on both sides of the river began to seek funding to build a new road bridge across the river . The rail bridge , while still adequate for rail traffic , it proved to be a challenge for drivers . The western terminus of the bridge featured a curve which was navigated easily by wagons and early automobiles , but was dangerous for semi trucks . Governor Terry Branstad was convinced a new bridge was needed after riding in a railcar to view the underside of the road deck . The new , four lane Keokuk Hamilton bridge opened on November 23 , 1985 , nearly eight months ahead of schedule and under budget . Major intersections
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3,656 | Mr.Mr. is a Korean song recorded by South Korean girl group Girls ' Generation for their fourth Korean titular extended play ( 2014 ) . The song was released on February 25 , 2014 , as a single from the EP . The song was composed by American production team The Underdogs , who had previously worked with Western artists including Britney Spears , Beyonc , and Justin Timberlake . A music video for the song was initially planned to be released on February 19 but was postponed to February 28 due to the accidental deletion of some of the original files . Mr.Mr. was described as an electropop and pop R B song that incorporates a hip hop beat and EDM influenced buildups . The song received generally positive reviews from music critics , who praised its musical styles , which were deemed a departure from the group 's signature bubblegum pop sound . The single ranked number 18 on Billboard magazine 's list of 20 Best K pop Songs of 2014 and was included on Time 's list of 25 Best Songs of 2014 ( So Far ) in June 2014 . To promote the song and the EP , Girls ' Generation appeared on several music programs including M Countdown , Music Bank , Show Music Core , and Inkigayo around February and March 2014 . The single was a commercial success in the group 's native country South Korea , peaking atop the Gaon Digital Chart and selling over 900 , 000 digital units in 2014 . It also charted at number three on the Korea K Pop Hot 100 and number four on the Billboard World Digital Songs . Background and composition Mr.Mr. was composed by American production team The Underdogs ( Harvey Mason Jr . , Damon Thomas , Andrew Hey , Mike Daley , Britt Burton , and unk unk Bell ) , with Korean lyrics by Cho Yoon unk and Kim Hee unk of Jam Factory ) , who have written lyrics for Girls ' Generation for eight years . The Underdogs had previously worked with Western artists including Britney Spears , Beyonc , and Justin Timberlake . The song was released to South Korean KBS Radio Station on February 25 , 2014 as a single from the EP of the same name ( 2014 ) . A Japanese version of Mr.Mr. was included on the group 's 2014 Japanese greatest hits album The Best . Musically , Mr.Mr. was described by Billboard magazine 's Jeff Benjamin as an electropop and pop R B song . An editor from Yonhap characterized it as an electropop dance song featuring elements of R B , and Heather Phares , writing for AllMusic , noted that it mixed a hip hop beat and EDM inspired buildups in its composition . Lyrically , Mr.Mr. has a more proactive theme with lyrics prompting a reluctant man to be more courageous towards girls , a departure from the group 's familiar themes . Promotion The music video for Mr.Mr. was initially planned to be released on February 19 , 2014 , in conjunction with the release of the EP . However , the release date was postponed to February 28 due to the accidental deletion of some of the original shots , which necessitated re filming the affected scenes . As a result , the group 's comeback performances on South Korean music programs were also delayed for two weeks . The music video was choreographed by Jillian Meyer ( who had previously collaborated with artists including Janet Jackson and Kylie Minogue ) and two members of unk Shim Jae won and Greg Hwang . It tells the story of a man who is diagnosed with heart disease but can not confess it to the girl he likes . He then decides to undergo a surgery , which is handled by the group 's members who act as doctors . Group member Sooyoung argued that that Our new music video has the concept of encouraging and boosting the confidence of those men who have lost courage . The visual received positive reviews from media outlets Fuse labelled it cinematic and praised its sophisticated class , and Popdust 's Jacques Peterson hailed the video as the hottest episode of Grey 's Anatomy ever . It was the second most watched K pop music video of the first half of 2014 , trailing only Psy 's music video for Hangover . To promote Mr.Mr. and the EP , Girls ' Generation made several appearances on South Korean music programs around February and March 2014 . They performed the song for the first time on Mnet 's M Countdown on March 6 , 2014 as part of their comeback stage . The following three days , the group appeared on Music Bank , where they also performed Back Hug , Show Music Core , where they also performed Wait a Minute , and Inkigayo . Critical reception Mr.Mr. received generally positive reviews from music critics . Jeff Benjamin from Billboard magazine hailed the single as super strong , super sweet and labelled it a welcome change compared to the group 's previous stupid catchy releases . He named it the 18th best K pop song on his list of 20 Best K pop Songs of 2014 . AllMusic 's reviewer Heather Phares said the track helped expand their Girls ' Generation 's musical reach . John Walker from MTV News commented that the single 's musical styles were more similar to The Boys ( 2011 ) rather than their usual styles as on Gee ( 2009 ) , and labelled it a hybrid of 70 's throwback and Get Me Bodied . Time magazine 's Lily Rothman included Mr.Mr. on the publication 's list of 25 Best Songs of 2014 ( So Far ) in June . She wrote that Fans ... won t be disappointed by their latest dance friendly single and added that the addition of a scratchy electronic bass line and a hint of darkness should attract listeners who were not used to their signature bubblegum pop sound . Commercial performance Mr.Mr. peaked atop the South Korean Gaon Digital Chart in the tenth week of 2014 . It was the 46th best selling song of 2014 in South Korea , selling over 906 , 962 digital units . Overall , it became the 54th best performing song on the Gaon Digital Chart , based on additional streaming and instrumental track downloads . Mr.Mr. also charted at number three on the Korea K Pop Hot 100 , and number four on the Billboard World Digital Songs . Credits Credits adapted from Mr.Mr. liner notes Charts Release history
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3,657 | Detective Monique Jeffries is a fictional character played by Michelle Hurd in the American crime drama television series Law Order Special Victims Unit on NBC . A regular character during the first season , Jeffries is a tough and street wise detective with the New York City Police Department 's Special Victims Unit , and briefly the partner of John Munch ( Richard Belzer ) . After getting traumatized by a near death experience , Jeffries is relieved of active duty when she admits to having sex with a suspect in a previous rape case . Hurd was cast after having appeared in other television shows by Law Order creator Dick Wolf . Although Wolf promised her Jeffries would develop more over time , Hurd grew frustrated with the lack of material for her character . The show 's producers hesitated to keep her as Munch 's full time partner and considered eliminating the character from the show altogether . Hurd eventually departed herself to join the drama television series Leap Years . The actress earned some critical praise for her performance as Jeffries , but several commentators said the character was never properly fleshed out . Character biography Monique Jeffries is a tough and street wise detective with the Special Victims Unit of the New York City Police Department . After briefly partnering with Ken Briscoe ( Chris Orbach ) , she becomes the permanent partner of John Munch ( Richard Belzer ) after his previous partner , Brian Cassidy ( Dean Winters ) , leaves the unit . The two occasionally clash personalities and have a sarcastic rapport with each other . While chasing a rape suspect during one case , Jeffries is nearly killed when the suspect gets into a car that explodes . She initially appears traumatized by the incident , but later feels exhilarated over having survived and starts behaving recklessly . She begins having several one night stands and takes greater and greater risks at work , becoming something of a loose cannon at the Special Victims Unit . One night at a bar , she meets a man who had been a suspect in a previous rape case and has sex with him . When she reveals the incident during a session with a police therapist , she is taken out of active duty per One Police Plaza and works a desk job . She objects to the transfer and threatens to sue the department . Instead , she is transferred to the Vice department , and her old job in the Special Victims Unit is taken by Fin Tutuola ( Ice T ) . Development Michelle Hurd had appeared on the television series Law Order , making a guest appearance on the seventh season episode Entrapment in 1997 . Hurd also previously appeared in the television shows New York Undercover and Players , both of which were produced by Law Order creator Dick Wolf . When Wolf approached Hurd to play the part of Monique Jeffries , he warned her that the part was small at first but had the potential to develop , telling her , Think of her as a flower , she 'll bloom later , but for the pilot she 's just got a scene . The character also had less screen time than others in the series , in part so that Hurd could accept theater roles . However , Hurd felt the Jeffries character never received the development promised , claiming she just read instructions while playing the part . While she liked being part of the cast , Hurd said she was frustrated with the lack of material for her character , particularly when guest stars had more developed roles than Jeffries herself . When Dean Winters departed from the show and a permanent replacement for the Brian Cassidy character was needed , Hurd had trouble convincing network officials she was correct for the part . Ted Kotcheff , the show 's co executive producer , said it was too redundant to have two man woman sets of partners , with protagonists Elliot Stabler and Olivia Benson already partnered together . Kotcheff felt Munch and Jeffries pairing diluted the relationship of Stabler and Benson because it was a mirror image of their partnership . Although Hurd felt more female characters should be part of a sex crimes unit , she said , I understand the industry , and what networks want , and they wanted someone to have an impact , a rating . The producers had discussions about removing Jeffries from the show so that Benson would be the only woman in the squad room , but no decisions were ever made . Hurd ultimately departed from the series during the second season to join the Showtime drama series Leap Years . After her departure from the show , Hurd said , I think it 's just sad they didn 't have faith to stick around with me . However , she said she bore no ill feelings about her time on Law Order Special Victims Unit , but felt the casting on Leap Years was a rare opportunity . Roger Friedman , an entertainment journalist for Fox News , reported that Richard Belzer arranged for Hurd to be fired because her character was receiving too many story lines and distracting attention from him , but that report was never confirmed . Although Jeffries departed from the Special Victims Unit during the episode unk , her character was still present in the episode Runaway , which marked the character 's final appearance . Runaway was originally intended to air before unk but was broadcast out of order . Reception Gail Pennington of the St. Louis Post Dispatch said of the character , her role was so marginal that her absence hardly registered after she departed the series . Ken Parish Perkins of the Fort Worth Star Telegram called Michelle Hurd a strong member of a solid cast . The South Florida Sun Sentinel said the character had untapped potential that appeared ready to be tapped after Dean Winters left the show , and the paper expressed disappointment it was never achieved . In an interview with Orlando Sentinel about the series , New York Police Department Detective Ted Sica said Jeffries ' wardrobe was too revealing for a detective , and that the real life department would not allow her tank tops and tight vests We don 't tolerate that , especially in a sex crimes unit . We 're trying to be a little dignified .
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3,658 | The banded houndshark ( Triakis scyllium ) is a species of houndshark , in the family Triakidae , common in the northwestern Pacific Ocean from the southern Russian Far East to Taiwan . Found on or near the bottom , it favors shallow coastal habitats with sandy or vegetated bottoms , and also enters brackish water . This shark reaches 1 . 5 m ( 4 . 9 ft ) in length . It has a short , rounded snout and mostly narrow fins the pectoral fins are broad and triangular , and the trailing margin of the first dorsal fin is almost vertical . It is gray above and lighter below younger sharks have darker saddles and dots , which fade with age . Nocturnal and largely solitary , the banded houndshark preys on benthic invertebrates and bony fishes . It is aplacental viviparous , with the developing embryos sustained by yolk . After mating during summer , females bear as many as 42 pups following a gestation period of 9 12 months . The banded houndshark poses no danger to humans and adapts well to captivity . It is caught as bycatch off Japan , Taiwan , and likely elsewhere in its range it may be eaten but is not as well regarded as related species . Because fishing does not appear to have diminished this shark 's population , the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) has listed it under Least Concern . Taxonomy The first scientific description of the banded houndshark was authored by German biologists Johannes Peter Mller and Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle , based on a dried specimen from Japan , in their 1838 41 Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen . They gave it the specific epithet scyllium , derived from the Ancient Greek unk ( dogfish ) , and placed it in the genus Triakis . Within the genus , it is placed in the subgenus Triakis along with the leopard shark ( T. ( Triakis ) semifasciata ) . Distribution and habitat Native to the northwestern Pacific Ocean , the banded houndshark occurs from the southern Russian Far East to Taiwan , including Japan , Korea , and eastern China records from the Philippines are questionable . This common , benthic shark is found over continental and insular shelves , mostly close to shore but also to a depth of 150 m ( 490 ft ) . It frequents sandy flats and beds of seaweed and eelgrass additionally it is tolerant of brackish water and enters estuaries and bays . Description The banded houndshark is a moderately slender bodied species growing up to 1 . 5 m ( 4 . 9 ft ) long . The snout is short , broad , and rounded the widely separated nostrils are each preceded by a lobe of skin that does not reach the mouth . The horizontally oval eyes are placed high on the head they are equipped with rudimentary nictitating membranes ( protective third eyelids ) and have prominent ridges underneath . The mouth forms a short , wide arch and bears long furrows at the corners that extend onto both jaws . Each tooth has an upright to oblique knife like central cusp flanked by strong cusplets . There are five pairs of gill slits . Most of the fins are fairly narrow in adults the pectoral fins are broad and roughly triangular . The moderately tall first dorsal fin is placed about halfway between the pectoral and pelvic fins , and its trailing margin is nearly vertical near the apex . The second dorsal fin is about three quarters as high as the first and larger than the anal fin . The caudal fin has a well developed lower lobe and a prominent ventral notch near the tip of the upper lobe in young sharks the lower caudal fin lobe is much less distinct . This species is gray above , with darker saddles and scattered black spots that fade with age the underside is off white . Biology and ecology The banded houndshark is nocturnal and generally solitary , though several individuals may rest together , sometimes piled atop one another inside a cave . It feeds mainly on crustaceans ( including shrimps , crabs , hermit crabs , and mantis shrimps ) , cephalopods ( including octopus ) , and spoon worms polychaete worms , tunicates , peanut worms , and small , bottom living bony fishes ( including flatfishes , conger eels , herring , jacks , drums , and grunts ) are occasionally consumed . Shrimp and spoon worms are important prey for sharks up to 70 cm ( 28 in ) long cephalopods predominate in the diets of larger sharks . Mating occurs during the summer , and involves the male swimming parallel to the female and gripping her pectoral fin with his teeth thus secured , he then twists the aft portion of his body to insert a single clasper into her cloaca for copulation . The banded houndshark is aplacental viviparous , in which the developing embryos are sustained to birth by yolk . Females bear litters of 9 26 pups after a gestation period of 9 12 months , though litters as large as 42 pups have been recorded . The newborns measure 18 20 cm ( 7 . 1 7 . 9 in ) long . Males mature sexually at 5 6 years old , when they are 93 106 cm ( 37 42 in ) long , and live up to 15 years . Females mature sexually at 6 7 years old , when they are 106 107 cm ( 42 42 in ) long , and live up to 18 years . Known parasites of this species include the tapeworms Callitetrarhynchus gracilis , unk unk , and Phyllobothrium unk , the leech Stibarobdella macrothela , and the copepods unk unk , unk punctatus , Kroyeria unk , and Pseudopandarus unk . Human interactions Harmless to humans , the banded houndshark is commonly displayed in public aquariums in China and Japan , and has reproduced in captivity . Individuals have survived in captivity for over five years . This species is often caught incidentally off Japan in gillnets and set nets the meat is sometimes sold , but is considered to be of poorer quality than that of other houndsharks in the region . It is caught in lesser numbers off Taiwan , and is probably also fished off Korea and northern China . The International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) has listed the banded houndshark under Least Concern , as it remains abundant throughout its range . Off Japan , it can be found in rocky areas that provide refuge from fishing pressure .
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3,659 | The Missouri Fox Trotter is a horse breed from the state of Missouri in the United States . It was developed in the Ozark Mountains by settlers in the early 19th century , and quickly developed into a gaited breed appreciated for its stock horse abilities , stamina and smooth gaits . It performs an ambling gait known as the fox trot , a four beat broken diagonal gait in which the front foot of the diagonal pair lands before the hind , eliminating the moment of suspension and increasing smoothness . The main breed registry was begun in 1948 and as of 2012 registers almost 100 , 000 horses . A European registry was begun in 1992 , and as of 2009 recognizes around 600 Fox Trotters living in Europe . In 2006 , a smaller registry , focused on the preservation of the original , historic type , was begun in the United States . The Fox Trotter is a mid sized , muscular breed , used mainly for trail riding and ranch work . Breed characteristics Missouri Fox Trotters stand 14 to 16 hands ( 56 to 64 inches , 142 to 163 cm ) high , and weigh between 900 and 1 , 200 pounds ( 410 and 540 kg ) . Begun in 2004 , the Missouri Fox Trotting Horse Breed Association also maintains a separate registry for fox trotting ponies standing between 11 and 14 hands ( 44 and 56 inches , 112 and 142 cm ) . Fox Trotters may be any solid color or pinto . White facial and leg markings are common . The facial profile is straight , set upon a neck of medium length than ends in pronounced withers . The breed is muscular , with sloped shoulders , a short back and sturdy legs . The Missouri Fox Trotter performs an ambling gait known as the fox trot , which replaces the trot seen in many other breeds . The fox trot is a four beat broken diagonal gait in which the front foot of the diagonal pair lands before the hind , eliminating the moment of suspension and giving a smooth , sure footed ride . The gait is sometimes described as having the horse walk with the front feet and trot with the back . In a fox trot , the horse must keep one front foot on the ground at all times and display a sliding motion with the hind legs . The fox trot and the regular trot are both at a speed between a walk and a canter or gallop ambling gaits are four beat gaits , whereas the trot is a two beat gait . The extra footfalls provide additional smoothness to a rider because the horse always has at least one foot on the ground . This minimizes movement of the horse 's topline and removes the bounce of a two beat gait , caused by a moment of suspension followed by the jolt of two feet hitting the ground as the horse shifts from one pair of legs to the other . The value of an intermediate speed is that the horse conserves energy . More than thirty horse breeds are gaited , able to perform a four beat ambling gait some can also trot . A Missouri Fox Trotter , with rider , can maintain a speed of 5 to 8 miles per hour ( 8 . 0 to 12 . 9 km h ) while using the fox trot , and can cover short distances at up to 10 miles per hour ( 16 km h ) . In comparison , the average medium trot speed is 6 to 8 miles per hour ( 9 . 7 to 12 . 9 km h ) . History The Missouri Fox Trotter was developed from equine stock , including gaited horses , brought to Missouri by settlers from Tennessee , Kentucky and Virginia . Breeds that contributed to the Fox Trotter included the Arabian , Morgan , American Saddlebred , Tennessee Walking Horse and Standardbred . By the time of Missouri 's statehood in 1821 , the horses of the state were known for their unique gait , which was useful in the rocky terrain of the Ozark Mountains . The breed became popular with cattlemen for their smooth gaits and ability to work with cattle . In 1948 , the Missouri Fox Trotting Horse Breed Association ( MFTHBA ) was founded in Ava , Missouri , with an open stud book that registered all horses with the fox trot gait and other specified physical characteristics . The first Fox Trotters were exported to Europe in the 1950s , when the Queen of England imported several palomino colored horses . In 1982 , the stud book was closed , allowing only horses from registered parents to be entered . The Fox Trotter became the official state horse of Missouri in 2002 . Missouri Fox Trotters are seen throughout the United States , as well as in Canada and several European countries , and as of 2012 the MFTHBA had registered over 97 , 000 horses and counts over 8 , 000 current members . In 1992 , the European Missouri Fox Trotting Horse Association ( unk ) was formed as the Fox Trotter association for Europe and an affiliate of the MFTHBA . The first European Championship Show for the breed took place in 1996 , and in 2010 the unk and the Free University of Berlin began working together to start a European stud book for the breed . As of 2009 there were approximately 600 Missouri Fox Trotters in Europe , with around 350 of these living in Germany . In 2006 , a new registry , the Foundation unk Heritage Association ( unk ) , was formed with a goal of preserving and promoting the original heritage type of Fox Trotter that was seen in the first 20 years of the MFTHBA registry , in large part through reducing the amount of Tennessee Walking Horse blood . The Tennessee Walker did not figure prominently in original Missouri Fox Trotter pedigrees , and so the unk , by restricting the amount of Walker blood , is attempting to develop horses that more closely resemble the original Fox Trotter type . Uses Missouri Fox Trotters are used extensively by trail riders , who appreciate their gaits , stamina and weight carrying abilities . They are also used in handicapped riding programs , and their smooth gait has proven useful for riders with minor physical disabilities . Crosses between Fox Trotter mares and donkey jacks are often made , creating mules with the fox trot gait that are used to carry hunters and trail riders , especially in the western United States . The US Forest Service also employs Fox Trotters for their speed , stamina and gait , and members of the breed were used to make the first horse back descent of the north rim of the Grand Canyon .
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3,660 | Break It Off is a song by Barbadian singer Rihanna from her second studio album A Girl like Me ( 2006 ) , and features guest vocals from Sean Paul . It was written by Donovan Bennett , Paul , K. Ford and Rihanna , while production was handled by Don Corleon . The song was released on November 13 , 2006 , as the album 's fourth and final single . Break It Off is a futuristic pop dancehall song , which is layered over an electro reggae beat . Critical reception of the song was positive , with reviewers praising the collaboration between Rihanna and Paul and as a return to the former 's roots . Break It Off made chart appearances on the singles charts of the United States and Belgium . It peaked at number nine on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and number six on the Mainstream Top 40 chart . In the Flanders region of Belgium , it peaked at number 10 . Rihanna performed the song at Radio One Big Weekend in 2007 and it was included on the set list of her Good Girl Gone Bad Tour ( 2007 09 ) , and was subsequently included on the accompanying DVD release , entitled Good Girl Gone Bad Live . Background and release Break It Off was recorded at 2 Hard Studios in Kingston , Jamaica . It was written by Donovan Bennett , Sean Paul Henriques ( better known as Sean Paul ) , K. Ford and Rihanna , who is credited as Robyn Fenty . Production of the song was handled by Don Corleon . It was engineered by Jeremy Harding and Bennett , who also mixed the song . All instrumentation was provided by Bennett . Paul explained how he and Rihanna met in a 2011 interview with Rap Up . During her visit to Jamaica , Rihanna was taken on a tour around the island by Paul , where he took her to some of the beaches and experienced the nightlife . He continued to explain that they spent a few days together and that he took her to the Bob Marley Museum , which was something she had always wanted to do . Reminiscing on Break It Off and Rihanna , Paul stated that working with the singer and creating the song was his most memorable collaboration . Break It Off was released as the fourth and final single from Rihanna 's second studio album , A Girl like Me ( 2006 ) . It was released to US Contemporary hit radio station playlists on November 13 , 2006 , by Def Jam Recordings . It was also made available to download digitally via iTunes in various countries around the world on February 27 , 2007 , including Australia , Austria , Belgium and Spain . Composition and lyrics Break It Off is a futuristic pop dancehall song , which is layered over an electro reggae beat . It received a comparison by Ruth Jamieson for The Guardian to Rihanna 's debut single Pon de Replay from her first studio album , Music of the Sun . According to Dan Charnas for The Washington Post , Break It Off showcases Rihanna 's Caribbean roots . We Ride is written in the key of D major and is set in common time with a moderate dance groove with 130 beats per minute ( BPM ) . Rihanna 's vocal range in the song spans one octave from the lower note of A3 to the higher note of A4 . The song includes piano keys and guitar strings as part of its instrumental composition . Critical reception Break It Off garnered a positive response from music critics . David Jeffries for AllMusic was complimentary of Break It Off , writing that it is totally juiced and that she provides good competition for Paul . Kelefa Sanneh for The New York Times praised the song , and described it as Rihanna 's triumphant return to her old formula . Quentin B. Huff for PopMatters lauded Sean Paul for his contribution to the song while praising Rihanna 's hook , writing that Rihanna 's hook is so infectious that hers is the voice you ultimately remember . That 's another dancehall flavored song and another winner . Bill Lamb for About.com called Break It Off , along with Kisses Don 't Lie , candidates for widespread pop radio airplay . Chart performance Break It Off debuted at number 40 on the US Pop Songs chart in the issue dated November 18 , 2006 . The following week , it ascended to number 35 , and again to number 32 in its third week on the chart . Break It Off climbed into the top 30 at number 28 in its fourth week on December 9 , 2006 , and to number 25 in its fifth week . On December 23 , 2006 , the song climbed again to number 21 , and reached its 2006 peak of number 16 on December 30 , 2006 . In the first chart issue of Billboard in January 2007 , Break It Off charted at number 14 . It broke into the top 10 on February 3 , 2007 , and ascended to number seven the following week . Break It Off peaked at number six on February 24 , 2007 . The song remained on the Pop Songs chart for a total of 22 weeks . On December 9 , 2006 , Break It Off debuted on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart at number 95 . The song climbed to number 52 on March 3 , 2007 , and surged 42 chart positions to number 10 the following week . In its fourteenth week on the chart , the song peaked at number nine , and was awarded with the Digital Gainer honor . On March 24 , 2007 , the song debuted and peaked at number 10 in the Flanders region of Belgium . Live performances Rihanna performed the song as part of a set list at Radio One Big Weekend in 2007 . The set consisted of Pon de Replay , Break It Off , SOS , Breakin ' Dishes , Unfaithful , Shut Up and Drive and Umbrella . Break It Off was also included on the set list of Rihanna 's Good Girl Gone Bad Tour ( 2007 09 ) , and was later included on the DVD release , entitled Good Girl Gone Bad Live . Formats and track listing Digital download Break It Off 3 33 Credits and personnel Recording Recorded at 2 Hard Studios , Kingston , Jamaica . Personnel Songwriting Donovan Bennett , Sean Paul Henriques , K. Ford , Robyn Fenty Production Don Corleon Engineer Jeremy Harding and Donovan Bennett Mixing Donovan Bennett Instruments Donovan Bennett Credits adapted from the liner notes of A Girl Like Me , Def Jam Recordings , SRP Records . Charts Certifications Radio adds and release history
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3,661 | Bingo America is an American game show broadcast by Game Show Network . The series follows two contestants as they try to compete to win up to 100 , 000 . Additionally , the series lets at home viewers print bingo cards online that allow them to play along with the show to win small amounts of money for themselves . Created and produced by Andrew Glassman , the show was originally hosted by Patrick Duffy and Crystal unk . When its second season premiered on October 6 , 2008 , they were replaced by Richard Karn and Diane Mizota , respectively . Gameplay Main game Two contestants compete on each episode . On each turn , a Bingo ball comes out of the hopper and a question is asked . Each ball has a number from 1 to 75 and a letter in the word unk printed on it . If the question is answered correctly , the player earns the letter from that ball and the number on the ball is added in dollars to the bank , which starts at 500 ( e.g. , if G 50 comes out , the bank increases by 50 ) . If the letter is a duplicate already earned by the player , no extra letters are earned . The first player that spells out unk from the earned letters wins the game . A Free Space Ball with a sponsor 's logo acts as a wild card in the game . The player who answers a question correctly when that ball is rolled out can choose any letter , and 100 is added to the bank . Two regular games are played . Contestants who win both games win the match and receive all the money in the bank . If each contestant wins one game , a five question tie breaker game is played . The first question 's answer begins with a B , the second question 's answer starts with I , and so on . The first to answer three questions correctly wins the money in the bank and goes on to play the Bingo Bonus Board for a chance at 100 , 000 . If time runs short during a game , the show goes to a 50 50 round . In the 50 50 round the remaining questions of that game are asked in a multiple choice fashion , with two possible answers given . Contestants who answer incorrectly at this point have credit for the question ( and the given letter , if applicable ) automatically given to their opponent however , no money is added to the bank for that question . Bonus round The winner of the main game plays the Bingo Bonus Board , which used two different formats . In the first season of the show , each number on the Bingo Bonus Board represented a cash amount or another prize , up to a grand prize of 100 , 000 cash . Every prize was repeated at least twice on the board . The contestant chose one number at a time , and won the first prize to be revealed twice . In the second season , 55 of the 75 spaces concealed cash values , while 20 hid wrecking balls . Contestants started with the B row ( the only row without wrecking balls ) and selected a number in that row . After each selection , the contestants could leave the game with the money already won or risk their winnings and continue with a selection in the next row . Contestants who chose wrecking balls lost the money they had accumulated in the bonus round . Contestants who made five successful picks kept all of their accumulated bonus money and activated the Bingo Sphere one more time for the Superball . If the contestants ' five chosen bonus numbers matched the one on the Superball , their bonus round winnings were augmented to 100 , 000 . Marine John Stefan was the first contestant to win 100 , 000 , doing so under the first format in April 2008 . John Hanlin was the only player to win the top prize under the second format , doing so in October 2008 . Home viewer interaction At home viewers are also allowed to play along with the show downloading bingo cards available at GSN 's website . Once the taping of the show is complete and all of the randomly drawn numbers have been recorded , a computer generates bingo cards that viewers can then download and print for the broadcast of the show a few weeks later . A home player who earns a Bingo is directed to GSN 's website to claim a 50 prize . Production The series , created by veteran television producer Andrew Glassman , was first announced as green lit on January 30 , 2008 . The first season contained 40 episodes , which began airing on March 31 , 2008 . A second season of the series , consisting of 65 episodes , debuted on October 6 , 2008 , with Karn and Mizota joining the show . When asked to explain the host change , GSN argued that while Duffy was a terrific host and the network loved working with him , Karn was a perfect fit for all the exciting changes in the second season . Reception Bingo America received mixed critical reception . David Hinckley of the New York Daily News argued that the series only got partly there in attempting to bring bingo to television , and doesn 't quite capture what the game is about . Additionally , Ed Bark , a former television critic at The Dallas Morning News , argued that the show , moves along briskly enough and it won 't hurt anybody , and added that it had potential to raise the level of GSN 's unk audience . Merchandise In 2008 , GSN announced plans to launch a new website featuring multiple variations of game show themed merchandise the now defunct website was launched September 30 of that year . Among the items featured in the online store was an interactive DVD game by Imagination Entertainment based on the series ' format , which was released at the time the second season premiered . The game plays similarly to the show , beginning with a Bingo Draw round . During this round , players attempt to be the first to earn a Bingo while accumulating points by correctly answering trivia questions . Once a player earns a Bingo the Bingo Bonus Board round is played . The winner of the previous round tries to add more points to their score by matching two hidden numbers the round ends once the player finds a match . Opposing players can also earn points by guessing which numbers the other player chooses in this round . Whoever earns the most points during the game is the winner .
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3,662 | The 1893 New York hurricane , also known as the Midnight Storm , was a powerful and destructive tropical cyclone that struck the New York City area in August 1893 . First identified as a tropical storm on August 15 , over the central Atlantic Ocean , the hurricane moved northwestward for most of its course , ultimately peaking with maximum sustained winds of 115 mph ( 185 km h ) and a minimum barometric pressure reading of 952 mbar ( hPa 28 . 11 inHg ) . It turned due northward as it approached the U.S. East Coast and struck western Long Island on August 24 . It moved inland and quickly deteriorated , degenerating the next day . The storm inflicted severe damage with storm tides as high as 30 ft ( 9 . 1 m ) . Trees were brought down , houses were demolished , and Hog Island was largely washed away by the cyclone . Several areas suffered extensive effects from the hurricane , and at least 34 sailors lost their lives . The storm is regarded as one of the most severe hurricanes to strike the city . Meteorological history The system was first classified as a tropical storm while situated in the central Atlantic Ocean on August 15 , 1893 . It steadily intensified as it tracked generally toward the west and attained hurricane force . Gradually curving northwestward , the storm continued to gain power and , on August 18 , it achieved wind speeds corresponding to Category 2 intensity on the modern day Saffir Simpson Hurricane Scale . This scale was devised in 1971 to categorize tropical cyclones based on their maximum sustained winds . The storm is estimated to have maintained winds of approximately 100 mph ( 155 km h ) for several days as it passed well to the north of the Lesser Antilles . As the hurricane turned more northerly still , approaching the United States , it strengthened to major hurricane intensity , Category 3 , on August 22 . At this point , it peaked in intensity with winds of 115 mph ( 185 km h ) . The lowest known barometric pressure in relation to the storm was 952 mbar ( hPa 28 . 11 inHg ) . Less than a day later , the storm deteriorated to Category 2 strength . Cape Hatteras , North Carolina experienced the hurricane on the morning of August 23 while its center passed less than 100 mi ( 160 km ) offshore . Heading nearly due northward , the cyclone skimmed the New Jersey coastline , passing just east of Atlantic City , and weakened further to Category 1 status . On August 23 the storm was one of four hurricanes occurring simultaneously within the Atlantic Ocean . On August 24 the storm moved ashore on western Long Island , in the New York City area . At 1200 UTC that day , while centered just inland , its maximum winds were estimated to have been 85 mph ( 140 km h ) . It progressed northward through New England , quickly weakening . It was briefly downgraded to a tropical storm before becoming extratropical . It dissipated fully on August 25 , near the mouth of the Saint Lawrence River . Impact Winds from the storm exceeded 50 mph ( 80 km h ) at Atlantic City and New York , initially blowing from the northeast before shifting southwesterly . The hurricane wrought severe destruction , described by The New York Times on August 25 as a mighty war of winds and a great tumbling of chimneys . A 30 ft ( 9 . 1 m ) storm surge impacted the shore , demolishing structures . The storm has been cited as an example of a noteworthy New York City tropical cyclone . The cyclone is known for largely destroying Hog Island , a developed island that existed south of the modern day Long Island coast . The island peaked in size during the 1870s at about 1 mi ( 1 . 6 km ) long . The worst of the damage was reportedly confined to a 50 mi ( 80 km ) area surrounding New York City . In a 24 hour period , 3 . 82 in ( 97 mm ) of precipitation fell , breaking the daily rainfall record . Hundreds of thousands of dollars in losses accompanied the severe impact . Low lying areas of the city , particularly those near the coast , were flooded . Roofs and chimneys were ripped off buildings and windows were broken in many homes and businesses . In Central Park , More than a hundred noble trees were torn up by the roots , and branches were twisted off everywhere . The park was devastated and thousands of dead birds fell to the ground after being washed out of , or drowned in , their nests . Groups of children gathered the birds and picked them up , with the apparent intention of selling them to restaurants . The storm took the lives of 34 sailors as vessels were blown ashore and men swept overboard . The tugboat Panther , towing two coal barges , was wrecked 17 crew members perished and three lived . High winds brought down telegraph wires and left the city almost entirely cut off from communication with outside locations . At Coney Island , the storm completely destroyed many buildings , walkways , piers , and beach resorts . Brighton Beach was hit particularly hard . The raging seas swept inland , washing out tracks of the Marine Railway . Bathing houses were moved a great distance by the cyclone . Near the Sheepshead Bay , Emmons Avenue was heavily damaged . Further to the east , at Greenport , numerous yachts were wrecked and scattered . Corn crops on land were ruined and fruit trees lost their fruits . At Brooklyn , still an independent city from New York , houses were dismantled and uprooted trees blocked streets . Damage was widespread throughout the area and flood waters reached waist high levels . The storm was the most severe in years at Jersey City , New Jersey , despite the fact that its damage was moderate . Trees were blown down and cellars filled with water there and in nearby areas , such as Hoboken . Many of the same areas along the Eastern seaboard , including New Jersey and New York , already reeling from this storm , would be ravaged again less than a week later by the separate and even more destructive Sea Islands Hurricane that made landfall in Georgia on August 27 and then moved up the coast , causing extensive damage and casualties as far north as New England , before finally dissipating over eastern Canada on September 2 .
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3,663 | Hurricane Otis was a moderate hurricane that threatened the Baja California Peninsula but dissipated before landfall . Otis developed on September 28 , 2005 , off the western coast of Mexico , from a tropical wave that emerged from the western coast of Africa and traversed the Atlantic Ocean during the preceding several weeks . After attaining tropical storm status on September 29 , the storm moved in a generally northwestward direction for most of its duration . It ultimately peaked at Category 2 intensity on the Saffir Simpson Hurricane Scale before beginning to weaken . The storm degenerated into a tropical depression on October 3 and dissipated fully on October 5 , near the coast of Baja California Sur . Preparations for the storm were completed on the Peninsula tropical cyclone watches and warnings were declared and numerous shelters opened . However , the storm 's effects were minimal , and limited to gusty winds with heavy rainfall . No major damage was reported . Meteorological history The origins of Hurricane Otis are believed to have been in a tropical wave that emerged from the west coast of Africa on September 9 . The wave moved westward across the Atlantic Ocean , spawning Tropical Depression Seventeen on September 17 . The southern portion of the wave continued westward , crossing into the eastern Pacific Ocean on September 22 . As the wave entered a monsoon like environment , convection increased on September 23 . An associated area of disorganized clouds and thunderstorms persisted off the coast of Mexico for several days , although due to wind shear and its proximity to land , short term tropical cyclone development if any was expected to occur slowly . On September 27 , it began to show signs of organization the National Hurricane Center ( NHC ) remarked upon the potential for a tropical cyclone to develop within the next day . It is estimated that the system became a tropical depression at 0000 UTC on September 28 , while located about 140 miles ( 230 km ) to the south of Manzanillo , Mexico . The depression moved slowly toward the southwest and became better organized , despite a decrease in the coverage of deep convection . By late September 28 the depression was approaching tropical storm status it turned to the northwest and attained winds of 40 mph ( 64 km h ) at 0600 UTC on September 29 , at which time it was assigned the name Otis . That evening , wind shear relented and conditions became more favorable for the storm 's intensification . Convection wrapped almost fully around the center , and early on September 3 , Otis was upgraded to a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir Simpson Hurricane Scale . Shortly thereafter , a ragged eye feature developed it quickly became better defined as it entered the scope of weather radar in Cabo San Lucas . Otis began gradually entering cooler ocean waters , although the National Hurricane Center noted in one of its discussions on the system that the environment was still warm enough to support a stronger storm . The hurricane continued drifting northwestward , and early on October 1 it reached peak intensity at Category 2 status . At the time , maximum sustained winds were at 105 mph ( 165 km h ) and barometric pressure was recorded at 970 mbar ( hPa 28 . 64 inHg ) . Hours later , however , it began to weaken , a trend that continued due to southwesterly wind shear and dry air . The cloud pattern associated with the hurricane deteriorated on October 2 , and the center of circulation was separated from the convective activity . Otis weakened to a tropical storm and drifted erratically toward the north northwest as a result of weak steering currents . Over increasingly cold waters , the cyclone further weakened to a depression on October 3 and consisted of a small swirl of low level clouds . It became a remnant low pressure area the next day . The system abruptly turned southeastward and drifted parallel to the coast of the Baja California Peninsula until dissipating on October 5 . Preparations and impact On September 30 , the first tropical cyclone watches and warnings were issued with the declaration of tropical storm warnings and hurricane watches along portions of the east and west coasts of the Baja California Peninsula . For several days the advisories were adjusted and amended , and on October 1 , a hurricane warning was posted for the west coast of Baja California , from Agua Blanca to San unk . By October 2 , all watches and warnings were discontinued on the east coast of the peninsula , and the remaining advisories were lifted the next day . High winds and heavy rainfall were anticipated . In advance of the storm , the governor of Baja California Sur , Narciso unk , ordered emergency personnel to Comond , unk , and Mulege . Approximately 700 families fled to shelters in Cabo San Lucas elsewhere , an additional 200 families evacuated in San Jose del Cabo . Some residents in Miraflores and Santiago also left their homes . unk asked soldiers to assist the islands of Magdalena and Margarita in preparing for the storm . Five communities in Mexico , including Cabo San Lucas , declared a state of emergency . Authorities throughout the region opened numerous shelters , and in some locations , police officers went door to door asking residents to leave . The port in Cabo San Lucas was closed due to the storm 's threat , although the airport remained open . Although the center of Otis remained offshore , tropical storm force winds were reported at higher elevations over portions of southern Baja California . At Cabo San Lucas , an automated weather station recorded a wind gust to 63 miles per hour ( 101 km h ) on September 30 , with sustained winds of 49 miles per hour ( 79 km h ) . There , periods of heavy rainfall mixed with fair skies as the storm passed . No damages or fatalities were reported , although some media reports indicated that the storm caused flooding in parts of the southern Baja California peninsula . Offshore , two ships reported tropical storm force winds in association with the storm the unk on October 3 , and the Star Harmonia on October 1 .
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3,664 | SMS Hansa was a German ironclad warship built in 1868 1875 . She was the first ironclad built in Germany all previous German ironclads had been built in foreign shipyards . She was named after the Hanseatic League , known in Germany simply as Hanse , Latinized Hansa . The ship was launched in October 1872 and commissioned into the German Imperial Navy ( Kaiserliche Marine ) in May 1875 . Designed for overseas service , Hansa was classed as an armored corvette and armed with eight 21 cm ( 8 . 3 in ) guns in a central battery . Hansa served abroad for the first nine years of her career in the German navy . In 1884 , it was found that her iron hull was badly corroded , which rendered the ship unfit for further active service . She was therefore removed from active duty and used for a variety of secondary roles . From 1884 to 1888 , she served as a guard ship in Kiel , where she also trained engine and boiler room personnel . In 1888 , she was stricken from the naval register and used as a barracks ship in Kiel . She was moved to unk in 1905 , where she continued to train boiler room personnel , until 1906 when she was sold to ship breakers and dismantled for scrap . Design General characteristics and machinery Hansa was 71 . 73 meters ( 235 . 3 ft ) long at the waterline and 73 . 50 m ( 241 . 1 ft ) long overall . She had a beam of 14 . 10 m ( 46 . 3 ft ) and a draft of 5 . 74 m ( 18 . 8 ft ) forward and 6 . 80 m ( 22 . 3 ft ) aft . The ship was designed to displace 3 , 950 metric tons ( 3 , 890 long tons 4 , 350 short tons ) at a normal loading , and up to 4 , 404 t ( 4 , 334 long tons 4 , 855 short tons ) with a combat load . The ship 's hull was formed with transverse iron frames and mixed iron and timber construction . The underwater portion of the hull was plated with copper to reduce fouling . It contained six watertight compartments . The German navy found the ship to be very stiff in her sea keeping qualities . Hansa was very maneuverable and was easily controlled while under sail under steam the ship remained highly maneuverable but control suffered . The ship 's crew numbered 28 officers and 371 enlisted men . She carried a number of smaller boats aboard , including two launches , one pinnace , two cutters , one yawl , and one dinghy . The ship also carried an unknown number of picket boats and barges . Anti torpedo nets were briefly fitted to the ship from 1885 to 1888 . Hansa was powered by a single horizontal three cylinder single expansion steam engine built by AG Vulcan in Stettin . The engine drove a single three bladed screw that was 6 m ( 20 ft ) in diameter . Steam , at a pressure of at 2 standard atmospheres ( 200 kPa ) , was supplied by four trunk boilers in a single boiler room . The boilers were ducted into a single large funnel that could be retracted when the ship was operated under sail . The powerplant was rated at 450 nominal horsepower with a top speed of 12 knots ( 22 km h 14 mph ) . On trials , her propulsion system managed 3 , 275 indicated horsepower ( 2 , 442 kW ) and 12 . 7 knots ( 23 . 5 km h 14 . 6 mph ) . The ship carried 310 t ( 310 long tons 340 short tons ) of coal for the boilers , which enabled a maximum range of 1 , 330 nautical miles ( 2 , 460 km 1 , 530 mi ) at a cruising speed of 10 knots ( 19 km h 12 mph ) . Hansa was fully rigged , and had a sail area of 1 , 760 m2 ( 18 , 900 sq ft ) . Steering was controlled by a single rudder . Armament and armor Hansa was armed with eight 21 centimeter ( 8 . 3 in ) L 19 hooped guns , each of which was provided with 110 rounds of ammunition . The guns were placed in a two story arrangement amidships four were mounted in a broadside casemate , two on either side of the ship . The other four guns were mounted in casemates on the corners of the lower casemate , which gave the ship a degree of end on fire capability . The lower guns could depress to 5 and elevate to 13 at maximum elevation , the guns could reach targets out to 3 , 200 m ( 10 , 500 ft ) . The upper guns had a wider range of elevation they could depress to 8 and elevate to 14 . At maximum elevation , the guns had a range of 5 , 700 m ( 18 , 700 ft ) . Hansa 's armor consisted of teak backed wrought iron , which was manufactured in Great Britain . Her armored belt was 152 mm ( 6 . 0 in ) thick amidships , where it protected the ship 's vitals . On the bow and stern , the belt was reduced to 114 mm ( 4 . 5 in ) in thickness . The entire belt was backed with 306 mm ( 12 . 0 in ) of timber . The casemates were armored with 114 mm thick sloping iron plates . The lower battery casemate had 114 mm thick transverse armored bulkheads on either end of the side armor . Service history Hansa was laid down at the Royal Dockyard in Danzig in 1868 . She was the first ironclad warship to be built in a German shipyard her predecessors had all been built in French and British shipyards . The ship was launched on 26 October 1872 and moved to the AG Vulcan shipyard in Stettin for fitting out work . The work proceeded very slowly , and Hansa was not commissioned into the German fleet until 19 May 1875 , two and a half years after her launch . By comparison , all of the earlier foreign built ironclads were completed in less than a year . Designed for overseas service protecting Germany 's maritime trade , Hansa spent the first nine years of her career abroad . In 1884 , it was found that her hull was badly corroded this stemmed from the lengthy construction period , during which the iron had already begun to corrode . As a result of the poor shape of her hull , Hansa was removed from active service in 1884 and used as a guard ship in Kiel . While in Kiel , she was also used as a training ship for engine room personnel and stokers . She was formally stricken from the naval register on 6 August 1888 . She was then used as a floating barracks in Kiel , until 1905 . Hansa was then moved to unk , hulked , and used to train stokers . The ship did not last long in this service , and was sold in March 1906 for 96 , 000 marks . Hansa was broken up later that year in Swinemnde .
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3,665 | John Cameron unk ( May 28 , 1846 October 6 , 1919 ) was a merchant and politician in Alberta , Canada and a municipal councillor in Edmonton . He is regarded as one of the city 's pioneer citizens . Born in Canada West ( later Ontario ) , Cameron worked as a merchant in his birth province and Manitoba before coming to Edmonton in 1881 . In Edmonton he continued as a merchant , owning and operating a store for 15 years . In Edmonton he quickly established himself as a prominent citizen , serving on the inaugural Edmonton Board of Trade as president , which he would remain for five years . Cameron also was involved in the development of the Edmonton Public School Board , serving on the board in the 1890s . He was also involved in the town 's politics , winning election to Edmonton 's first town council in 1892 and serving an additional term when elected in 1895 . After this retirement from politics , he worked in the coal and real estate business until his death in 1919 , at the age of 73 . Upon his death , he was lauded as one of the pioneer citizens of Edmonton a street , neighbourhood and ravine were named for him . Early life and career John Cameron was born at East Hawkesbury , Canada West in 1846 , the son of Colin and Anna ( ne McLaurin ) Cameron . His brother was Sir Douglas Cameron , who also went into politics , serving in the Ontario Legislature and as Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba . John attended school in Hawkesbury and Renfrew and in 1871 became a merchant at Vankleek Hill , with a partner in the firm Cameron Mode General Merchants . In 1876 , he went west and relocated to Winnipeg , Manitoba to establish Cameron Company general merchants , where he remained until 1881 . Career in Edmonton Cameron moved from Winnipeg to Edmonton in 1881 by ox cart , travelling through Carlton and Battleford , bringing with him 96 , 000 pounds ( 44 , 000 kg ) of freight on a journey that took three months . Once in Edmonton , he used this freight as the initial inventory of a store , the A. McDonald Company , where he entered into a partnership . In 1891 , he would purchase the store from its original owner , A. McDonald . He moved into a new building in 1893 , designed by architect William S. Edmiston and constructed by contractor Kenneth McLeod . The building , located on Jasper Avenue , included a cellar , main floor for merchandise and storage , and an upper storey , heated in its entirety by a furnace . He would operate until 1896 . After the sale of the store , he entered into the real estate and coal business . In 1914 , Cameron was serving as managing director and treasurer of unk unk Ltd. and as chairman of the provisional directors of the Canada Northwest Loan and Mortgage Company . He was elected the first president of the Edmonton Board of Trade upon its founding in 1889 . He served until 1894 . He also played a vital role in the development of the school system in Edmonton , involving himself in education related affairs as early as 1881 , and serving on the public school board from 1886 87 and 1889 until 1897 . In 1881 , he was part of a group that provided funds for the first school teacher in the city . In 1886 , with the school board , Cameron was responsible for introducing a fee for the parents of students attending schools in the Edmonton Public School District who did not live within the district , as district residents were taxed for the school 's services . He would serve as secretary treasurer from 1882 to 1884 and later as chairman of the school board from 1890 to 1892 and 1894 . Civic politics Cameron was one of six candidates elected as aldermen to Edmonton 's first town council in 1892 he received the fifth most votes of the fourteen candidates . He was defeated in his 1893 re election bid , in which he finished seventh of nine candidates . He briefly returned to the council after being elected again in 1895 , but did not seek re election the following year and remained out of politics thereafter . During his first term on the council , he was involved in an altercation in which the dominion government had made a decision to Dominion Land Office from Edmonton to Strathcona , at the time a separate town , south of the North Saskatchewan River . When news of the decision and crews to execute it arrived in Edmonton , angry citizens descended on the office and tore to pieces the wagon that the officer was packing with records for transportation . Led by mayor Matthew McCauley , Cameron was part of a group of prominent citizens that headed the resistance , eventually leading to the dominion reversing its decision . Personal life At Vankleek Hill in 1872 , he married Jane unk . She would die some time afterwards , and John Cameron , aged 29 , would remarry Elizabeth Ann McCann on November 8 , 1875 . They had two sons , John Hilliard and Howard , and four daughters , Mabel , Florence , Alice and Jessie . He was a member of the Edmonton Old Timers ' Association as well as the Edmonton Agricultural Society . He was an avid outdoorsman who enjoyed canoeing and hiking in the Edmonton North Saskatchewan River Valley . Along with his wife Elizabeth , he was an early member of the Presbyterian church in Edmonton , attending First Presbyterian Church , where he was an elder . Though he served as an independent on the Edmonton Town Council , he was a Liberal . Death and legacy He died of heart failure in the morning of October 6 , 1919 after a brief illness at his Edmonton home . He was survived by his wife and children . After his funeral at his home on Cameron Avenue , he was buried at the Edmonton Cemetery . At the time of his death , the Edmonton Bulletin praised Cameron for his efforts in establishing the foundations of the city Edmonton , and remarked that the city owes much to him because of his strenuous efforts with others in maintaining this as the permanent site for the city . Elizabeth Cameron died in Edmonton in 1933 at the age of 79 . Cameron Street , the neighbourhood of Cameron Heights , and the Cameron Ravine ( in the vicinity of Cameron Heights ) in Edmonton are named in honour .
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3,666 | Typhoon Dan , known in the Philippines as Typhoon Saling , was the third of a series of tropical cyclones that impacted the Philippines and Vietnam in October 1989 . The storm developed on October 6 , and tracked generally westward throughout its course . After crossing Luzon , the typhoon emerged into the South China Sea and reached its peak intensity , with sustained 10 minute winds of 140 km h ( 85 mph ) , 1 minute winds of 130 km h ( 80 mph ) , and a minimum barometric pressure of 960 millibars . The storm moved ashore in central Vietnam and dissipated after moving inland . The storm caused extensive damage throughout its course . In the Philippines , Dan left hundreds of thousands homeless and killed 58 people . Power outages were extensive in the Manila region . In Vietnam , the storm 's high winds and heavy rains caused extensive damage and loss of life . More than 500 , 000 structures were damaged or destroyed and at least 43 people were killed across the country . Meteorological history On October 6 , 1989 , a tropical disturbance formed in the monsoon trough near the island of Chuuk . An advisory by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center ( JTWC ) assessed the system as having a poor chance to develop due to strong wind shear in the region . A day later , the potential of development was adjusted to fair . On October 8 , the wind shear relented and a well defined band persisted near the storm 's center of circulation . As a result , a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert was issued . That same day , the Japan Meteorological Agency ( JMA ) classified the storm as a tropical depression . At 1200 UTC , the JTWC issued their first warning on Tropical Depression unk . At the time , it was centered about 70 mi ( 110 km ) northeast of Yap . About 18 hours later , the depression was upgraded to a tropical storm and given the name Dan . The cyclone moved westward at 17 to 23 mph ( 27 to 37 km h ) , and convection continued to mature . Outflow was good across most of the system , except the northwestern corner where it was restricted by interaction with a nearby typhoon . Due to the cyclone 's proximity to the Philippines , the Philippine Atmospheric , Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration also monitored the storm , assigning it with the local name Saling . The JMA upgraded it to a tropical storm on October 9 both agencies recognized it as a typhoon the next day after an eye became visible and outflow improved in the northwestern quadrant . Dan made landfall on the southeastern coast of Luzon in the Philippines , and its center tracked just south of the Ninoy Aquino International Airport . Dan crossed over the island and emerged into the South China Sea , having lost its eye feature and weakened back into a tropical storm . Convection soon redeveloped as the storm moved northwestward through warm waters . The JTWC reports that Dan reattained typhoon status at 0000 UTC on October 12 , although it according to the JMA it did so 24 hours earlier . The typhoon continued to intensify , and the JTWC estimates that it reached its peak intensity at 0600 UTC , with 1 minute maximum sustained winds of 130 km h ( 80 mph ) . The JMA indicates that Dan peaked slightly afterward , with 10 minute sustained winds of 140 km h ( 85 mph ) and a minimum barometric pressure reading of 960 millibars . The storm passed about 70 mi ( 110 km ) south of Hainan Island and weakened somewhat . Increased wind shear further deteriorated the system as it approached the coast of Vietnam . The storm moved inland at around 1200 UTC on October 13 , at which point the JMA downgraded it to a severe tropical storm and the JTWC issued their final advisory on the disturbance . The circulation ultimately dissipated over the mountainous terrain and its remnants continued to move westward into Laos . Impact Although it was relatively weak , the storm caused severe damage . In the Philippines , 58 fatalities from the cyclone were reported , with an additional 121 injuries . In total , 682 , 699 people , or 135 , 245 families , were affected by the typhoon , and 49 , 972 houses sustained damage . Monetary storm damage is placed at 59 . 2 million . The storm triggered flooding and landslides , while high winds , estimated up to 160 km h ( 99 mph ) brought down trees and powerlines . The second typhoon to strike the country within a week , Dan forced schools and government offices to close . Approximately 250 , 000 people were left homeless , and dozens of fishermen went missing offshore . In the Manila area , near total power loss was reported . President Corazon Aquino issued a state of calamity there and in surrounding areas . In the wake of the storm , the nation 's military provided 300 , 000 worth of food for residents in evacuation centers . The Department of Social Welfare and Development also provided 371 , 000 worth of emergency relief assistance to 2 , 700 families displaced by the storm . Despite the scale of damage from Dan and other typhoons in the region , no request for international assistance was made by the Philippine Government . As the storm progressed westward , it buffeted Hainan Island with gale force winds and exacerbated damage caused by Typhoons Angela and Brian . Collectively , the three storms were responsible for 63 fatalities on the island , most of which were attributed to Brian . Damage in Vietnam was also extensive . The high winds , reportedly blowing at 75 mph ( 121 km h ) , ripped roofs off houses . Large storm tides along the coast pushed flood waters ashore . At least 43 people were killed and another 466 were injured by the storm throughout Vietnam . The most severe damage took place in H Tnh Province where 34 fatalities took place . In the province alone , 43 , 000 homes were destroyed and another 500 , 000 were damaged . Extensive flooding across the province submerged 330 , 000 acres ( 130 , 000 ha ) of crops and killed thousands of cattle . In Hi Hng Province , two people were killed and approximately 60 percent of the homes were damaged or destroyed . Another seven people perished in Thi Bnh Province due to strong winds .
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3,667 | The Legally Prohibited from Being Funny on Television Tour ( also known as the Prohibited Tour ) was a comedy tour by American comedian and talk show host Conan O 'Brien . Its title is a reference to the 2010 Tonight Show host and timeslot conflict , which resulted in O 'Brien resigning from his position as host of The Tonight Show in January 2010 . O 'Brien reached a settlement with NBC that barred him from appearing on television until September 2010 , but it did not bar him from performing before a live audience in a concert setting . From April through June 2010 , O 'Brien performed 42 shows in the United States and Canada . O 'Brien announced on March 11 , 2010 via his Twitter account that he would embark on a 30 city live tour beginning April 12 . Even with the unconventional marketing campaign of a single Twitter announcement , many locations sold out within hours of the tweet and additional shows were added on to meet demand . During the tour , O 'Brien announced that his new show , Conan , would debut on TBS in November 2010 . A documentary following O 'Brien during the tour , Conan O 'Brien Can 't Stop , was released in June 2011 . Background and announcement In January 2010 , late night talk show hosts Conan O 'Brien and Jay Leno engaged in a public relations conflict over who should host The Tonight Show . Due to low ratings for The Jay Leno Show and The Tonight Show with Conan O 'Brien , NBC announced a schedule change , moving Leno from 10 00 pm to 11 30 pm , and O 'Brien from 11 30 pm to 12 00 am . This change resulted in a public outcry and public demonstrations largely in support of O 'Brien . O 'Brien indicated that he would quit his show and leave the network if NBC were to implement it , citing the destruction of the venerable franchise which had aired at or around 11 30 pm for over 60 years . As part of the deal between O 'Brien and NBC , O 'Brien was legally prohibited from appearing on television prior to September 1 , 2010 . He began to utilize social media to remain engaged with his fan base . O 'Brien started a Twitter account on February 24 , 2010 . After about one hour , O 'Brien 's subscriber list had reached over 30 , 000 members and , approximately 30 minutes later , he was on the brink of passing 50 , 000 followers . After 24 hours , O 'Brien had well over 300 , 000 followers . In late May 2010 , he surpassed the one million mark for number of Twitter followers . O 'Brien announced via his Twitter account that he would embark on a 30 city live tour on March 11 , 2010 , beginning on April 12 , 2010 . On the same day , unk , an official website , was launched . According to TMZ , O 'Brien decided not to keep any of the proceeds from the tour , in order to employ his show 's staff members . Format Several members of O 'Brien 's staff joined him for the tour , including sidekick Andy Richter , and the former Tonight Show Band , temporarily renamed The Legally Prohibited Band . Max Weinberg , the band leader , was unable to participate in the tour due to his recent heart surgery , although he did appear at one of the New York City shows . Signs at each venue encouraged audience members using Twitter during the show to use a unique hashtag . Reggie Watts served as the tour 's opening act . In the video introduction to the show , Conan appeared as an obese and bearded version of himself struggling to cope with the loss of his talk show while Eric Carmen 's All By Myself plays . He then transforms back into his thin self during his exercise montage ( by merely pulling off his body suit ) after getting the call to go on tour . The tour differed from his television shows in that there was no desk or celebrity interviews , but presented as more of a variety show than a stand up routine . Many elements from TV were incorporated into the show , including video bits , musical and comic performers , and cameo appearances by celebrities . Classic sketches were also revived for the tour , albeit under different names due to legal issues over the ownership rights . The unk Bear , for example , made a brief appearance before being transformed into the Self unk Panda . Also , the Walker , Texas Ranger lever was retitled the Chuck Norris Rural Policeman Handle . Triumph the Insult Comic Dog mocked the city the tour was appearing in as himself in a prerecorded bit that inserts information about the city by dubbing over the original audio . O 'Brien also introduced a giant inflatable bat he claimed to have purchased during Meat Loaf 's Bat Out of Hell tour and at one point walked onstage wearing a replica of Eddie Murphy 's purple suit from his comedy special Eddie Murphy Raw . In addition , O 'Brien performed music throughout the show , including the disco hit I Will Survive and a personal parody of On the Road Again . Opening act Reggie Watts ( select dates ) Special guests Tour dates Festivals and other miscellaneous performances This concert is a part of the Bonnaroo Music Festival Box office score data Response Just hours before the first show of the tour , O 'Brien announced that he would host a new show on cable station TBS , titled Conan , which debuted in November 2010 . In addition to the announcement of the television series , TBS also announced a one hour TBS Special , featuring several writers for Conan , as well Watts . Even with ticket prices starting at 40 , The Legally Prohibited from Being Funny on Television Tour sold out . Footage of O 'Brien 's tour has been uploaded onto YouTube by fans in attendance and immediately went viral . A clip of O 'Brien 's performance of I Will Survive , for example , has received more than 320 , 000 views . Conan O 'Brien Can 't Stop , a behind the scenes documentary film shot during the tour , was released in June 2011 . It focuses on the production of the tour , O 'Brien 's interactions with fans and his crew , and O 'Brien 's thoughts on the Tonight Show conflict and legal injunction that inspired the tour . The movie was filmed , directed and produced by director Rodman Flender , a college friend of O 'Brien .
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3,668 | D road can also apply as a road designation under the Great Britain road numbering scheme The A500 is a major primary A road in Staffordshire and Cheshire , England . It is dual carriageway for most of its length and connects Nantwich , junctions 16 and 15 of the M6 motorway with the city of Stoke on Trent . It is known locally as the D Road ( D is also the Roman numeral representing the number 500 ) . In 2004 the road was stated as carrying 60 , 000 vehicles a day through Stoke . It was built to provide links between Stoke on Trent and the M6 , before being extended to Nantwich . Construction has taken place over several stages , beginning in 1962 , with the final section of the original route being completed similar to the original plans in 2006 . As a trunk road it is maintained by the Highways Agency . History By the 1960s , traffic congestion was a major problem in Stoke on Trent , and journeys across the area sometimes took hours . There was no connection from the newly constructed M6 to the city . Businesses in the area wanted an easier route to get their goods out of the area . The A500 was initially built from the M6 at junction 16 to the A34 road at Talke as part of the motorway construction , opening in 1962 . At the southern end , a dual carriageway was constructed from junction 15 of the M6 to the A34 near Trentham , given the number unk , and opened at the same time . The northern section of the road was then subsequently extended from Talke to the A53 road . The final section from the A34 in the south to the A53 junction was built between 1974 and 1977 . The two middle junctions were to be grade separated , but due to financial constraints they were built as roundabouts . Construction involved the destruction of streets and businesses within Stoke 's town centre , as well as the excavation of a mass grave of the victims of a 17th century cholera epidemic . This final section was named Queensway , and on its completion the whole route became the A500 . The route remained unchanged until the 1980s when the Hanford Roundabout junction had a flyover built , as this was a major bottleneck for both the A500 and A34 . The 1977 section east of this junction had been built with provision for the bridge , but the section built as the unk required realignment for the new interchange . In the late 1980s the road was extended from Junction 16 close to Weston with connections provided to existing roads to Keele and Crewe . The A52 , which at that time ran to Nantwich , was renumbered from Newcastle to Weston as a B road and the section from Weston to Nantwich was incorporated into the A500 . In 1989 a bypass to the east of Nantwich was opened , extending the A500 from the south of Nantwich to its current northerly terminus with the unk . In 1993 a proposal was made to add the missing flyover and underpass close to Stoke on Trent railway station , after an alternative plan had been rejected because of its cost . A full review of the national roads programme resulted in the suspension of that scheme however . In 1997 the A50 was rerouted through Stoke on Trent to meet the A500 at unk , where a new grade separated roundabout was constructed . On the approach to Hough was a narrow single lane bridge which was added to with a Bailey bridge in 1993 . In September 2003 , the Shavington bypass opened to reroute the road away from three villages on the former A52 section . This was built to dual carriageway standards with provision for further junctions to new development sites . Traffic continued to rise to the point where major congestion was experienced on the central section . Work began on 16 February 2004 on the A500 Pathfinder Project to replace the final two roundabouts in Stoke with underpasses . The Highways Agency defined the pathfinder project as involving a new form of contract and co operative working methods to deliver a better value project , faster . The project involved alterations to the path of the Trent and Mersey Canal and River Trent , along with new provisions for pedestrians . The work was carried out by Edmund Nuttall Limited and was planned to be completed in spring 2006 . Following a number of delays for which it was rumoured the construction company was being fined up to 100 , 000 a day for not keeping to schedule , the road opened on Tuesday 26 September 2006 , with the southbound traffic in the morning and northbound traffic in the afternoon . Several months of additional work was needed to finalise traffic light operations , gardens , and other miscellaneous tasks . In February 2009 , it was announced that the single carriageway Nantwich bypass would be re numbered as the unk in a bid to relieve the town centre of traffic . In 2015 , the final 500m of the eastbound single carriageway between Weston and Junction 16 of the M6 was upgraded . This included resignalling works on the roundabout in order to relieve congestion at the roundabout . Route The road is the primary access route for traffic to and from almost all areas of Stoke on Trent . Starting to the east of Nantwich on the Nantwich bypass the dual carriageway Shavington bypass running north of Hough and Shavington . Returning to the 1980s single carriageway extension route it continues east through a cutting to the M6 at Junction 16 where it becomes a dual carriageway . Continuing through open countryside it passes under the A34 at Talke Pits , turns south before meeting the Tunstall Western Bypass and enters the north of Stoke on Trent . Now continuing in an urban setting it runs between Newcastle and Burslem , passing through the middle of the former Wolstanton Colliery before running east of Stoke 's town centre . Passing through the newest section in a cutting it emerges south of Stoke alongside the site of the Victoria Ground . Turning west it passes the Britannia Stadium before leaving the urban area at Hanford , south of Trent Vale . It then runs through a cutting before meeting the M6 at junction 15 . Junctions The route runs in a semi circular direction in Stoke On Trent . The table has its northern terminus at the top
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3,669 | The Garbage Museum was a waste management themed museum located in Stratford , Connecticut , United States . Constructed and opened in 1994 , the recycling facility and museum was constructed for a cost of 5 million and funded through a group of 19 local municipalities , collectively known as the Southwest Connecticut Recycling Committee . The museum was operated by the Connecticut Resources Recovery Authority which focused on empowering visitors with knowledge about waste management and allowed visitors to watch the sorting process of recyclables . The most iconic exhibit was Trash o saurus , a dinosaur sculpture made of garbage . Funding for the museum dropped in 2009 due to expiring contracts , but remained open until 2011 . The closure of the museum followed a failed fundraising campaign . In 2014 , the Connecticut General Assembly approved a measure to fund the museum by allowing the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection to award a grant of up to 100 , 000 to the Connecticut Resource Recovery Authority . Operation The recycling facility and museum was constructed for a cost of 5 million and opened in 1993 . Funding for the museum was provided through a group of 19 local municipalities , known as the Southwest Connecticut Recycling Committee , which transported recyclables to the facility for processing . The museum was part of an active recycling operation that allows visitors to follow the recyclable materials through the sorting processes to the crushing and baling process before they are shipped to processors to be recycled into new products . The museum was overseen and operated by the Connecticut Resources Recovery Authority . Exhibits The museum 's goal was to empower its visitors to make good choices and be knowledgeable about waste management in the midst of a waste crisis . The center director of the museum , Valerie Knight Di Gangi said , We 've created exhibits that encourage children to explore serious environmental issues , and do so in a fun way to have lasting impact and empower them to take responsibility for the environment . The museum was operated by the Southwest Connecticut Regional Recycling Operating Committee which staffed the museum with educational specialists who design ed and conduct ed the educational programs . The Garbage Museum was an operating recycling facility and featured a viewing area for the operation which processes around 60 , 000 tons of recyclables from 20 local towns . Educational exhibits focused on the benefits of recycling drink cans and mining bauxite , the main source of aluminum , and reducing air pollution and water pollution . Another exhibit features a walk through tunnel depicting a compost pile . Interactive exhibits included a general store and a Trash Bash activity in which imprison ed helmet wearing contestants ... answer questions . If the answer is wrong , others are given the green light to dump trash on them from an overhead opening . There were also art exhibits made from recyclable material including a life size mannequin made from crushed and colored milk containers strung together with pipe cleaners . In 2004 , a new exhibit showcasing the trash to energy process was created by Mike unk as part of a project funded by the Connecticut Resources Recovery Authority . The exhibit follows trash , represented as marbles , being transferred from bins to toy trucks , the trucks transfers the trash to the energy plant that generates energy to open and close a drawbridge . A popular and unique exhibit was Trash o saurus , a 12 feet ( 3 . 7 m ) tall and 24 feet ( 7 . 3 m ) long dinosaur made out of junk that was prominently on display in the Garbage Museum . The one ton sculpture was created by Leo Sewell of Pennsylvania and made of no parking signs , cell phones , license plates , and other materials . The sculpture represents the average amount of garbage and recyclables that a person in Connecticut discards each year . The exhibit was focused on the importance of recycling and had an interactive checklist of items to find the comprise the sculpture . In April 2011 , the museum celebrated the 16th birthday of the Trash o saurus with a birthday party . Closure In 2009 , the fate of the Garbage Museum became uncertain due to financial problems when the recycling plant 's contracts expired on June 30 and the commodity prices dropped due to the economic recession . The museum began fundraising efforts and started collecting 2 for entrance fees in September 2008 . The United States Internal Revenue Service also ruled that museum donations could be tax deductible increasing opportunities for fundraising . The Connecticut Resources Recovery Authority also applied for federal funding as a shovel ready project to upgrade and automate the recycling center 's operations . In 2009 , unk stated that the museum 's operational costs were between 200 , 000 and 250 , 000 per year . Interest in the museum also came from a group of East Haven High School students who produced a short documentary video about the Garbage Museum , it went on to win a state award and attract some international interest . Prior to its close in 2011 , the operating budget was 341 , 000 , which funded staffing , educational programs , and the museum 's heating and lighting . In July 2011 , Milford 's Board of Aldermen approved allocating 26 , 000 via a 0 . 75 tax per ton of municipal solid waste , then representing the latest addition to a 100 , 000 fundraising drive . On August 25 , 2011 , the museum was closed after the Connecticut Resources Recovery Authority Board of Directors voted to close the Garbage Museum immediately . In 2013 , Connecticut State Senator Kevin C. Kelly introduced legislation to reopen the museum , but the amendment failed to garner support . In 2014 , the Connecticut General Assembly approved a measure to fund the museum by allowing the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection to award a grant of up to 100 , 000 to the Connecticut Resource Recovery Authority via funding of the Municipal Tipping Fee Fund .
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3,670 | Typhoon Oliwa was one of a record eleven super typhoons in the 1997 Pacific typhoon season . It formed in the central Pacific Ocean on September 2 to the southwest of Hawaii , but it became a typhoon in the western Pacific . Oliwa explosively deepened on September 8 , increasing its winds from 85 mph to 160 mph in a 24 hour period . Afterward , it slowly weakened , and after passing east of Okinawa , Oliwa turned northeast and struck Japan with winds of 85 mph ( 140 km h ) . There , it affected 30 , 000 people and killed 13 thousands of houses were flooded , and some were destroyed . Offshore South Korea , the winds and waves wrecked 28 boats , while one boat went missing with a crew of 10 people . Typhoon Oliwa dissipated on September 19 in northern Pacific Ocean near the International Date Line . Meteorological history The origins of Typhoon Oliwa were from an unusually eastward extension of the monsoon trough in late August 1997 . The tropical disturbance organized southwest of Hawaii , and slowly organized . On September 2 , the Central Pacific Hurricane Center ( CPHC ) initiated advisories on Tropical Depression Two C about 590 miles ( 950 km ) southwest of Johnston Island , slightly east of the International Date Line . The depression quickly attained tropical storm status , and the CPHC gave it the name Oliwa , meaning Oliver in the Hawaiian language . A moderately powerful ridge persisted north of Tropical Storm Oliwa , which caused a slow west to west northwest track . Water temperatures were slightly warmer than usual , and there was a favorable upper level environment for strengthening . Initially , however , Oliwa was somewhat disorganized on satellite imagery , and on September 4 , as it crossed the International Date Line , there may have been multiple circulations . Upon entering the western Pacific Ocean , the Joint Typhoon Warning Center ( JTWC ) and the Japan Meteorological Agency ( JMA ) began issuing advisories on the system ( unk ) . Despite the favorable conditions , further intensification was slow , and it reached typhoon status winds of at least 75 mph ( 120 km h ) on September 8 . Prior to that time , Oliwa co existed with a weak tropical cyclone that formed in a similar location in the south Pacific . About twelve hours after reaching typhoon status , Oliwa began to undergo unexpected explosive deepening . In a 24 hour period , the JTWC assessed the typhoon as nearly doubling in intensity , from 85 to 160 mph ( 140 to 260 km h 1 min winds ) , while the pressure dropped 69 mbar to a minimum of 898 mbar based on the estimated intensity , the JTWC classified Oliwa as a super typhoon . The JMA , which is the official agency of the western Pacific , assessed Oliwa as reaching a peak of 115 mph ( 185 km h 10 min winds ) , with a pressure of 915 mbar . Around that time , satellite imagery indicated a possible eyewall unk , which is a small scale rotational feature found in the eyewall of an intense tropical cyclone . Additionally , concentric eyewalls developed in the center of Oliwa , which typically occur in strong typhoons . After maintaining peak intensity for 36 hours , Oliwa gradually weakened as it continued to the west northwest , during which it passed through the Northern Marianas Islands . On September 14 , the typhoon slowed to the north of Okinawa , and it turned to the northeast toward Japan . As a weakened typhoon , Oliwa moved ashore on unk , Kagoshima , Kyushu with winds of 85 mph ( 140 km h ) late on September 15 . It weakened to tropical storm strength while crossing Japan , and deteriorated further to tropical depression status on September 16 . On September 17 , the JTWC issued the final advisory on Oliwa while it was in the eastern portion of the Sea of Japan . The JMA maintained advisories as the storm crossed northern Japan , and it accelerated over the open Pacific Ocean . On September 19 , Oliwa dissipated near the International Date Line to the south of the Aleutian Islands . Impact and records While weakening after peaking in intensity , Oliwa passed about 60 miles ( 95 km ) north of Agrihan in the Northern Marianas Islands . Sustained winds on the island reached 75 mph ( 120 km h ) , with gusts to 85 mph ( 135 km h ) . The winds downed two coconut trees onto a radio antenna , which left the island temporarily without contact to the outside world . On the Japanese island of Kyushu , where Oliwa made landfall as a weakened typhoon , thousands of homes were flooded , and dozens were destroyed . Its slow movement caused heavy rainfall that created a mudslide in Tashiro , Kagoshima , killing three people . Across Kagoshima Prefecture , officials issued evacuations due to flooding , although many did not heed the warnings . In the prefecture , the typhoon destroyed 131 buildings and damaged about 1 , 700 more . Damage there was estimated at 14 million yen ( 1997 JPY , 150 , 000 in 1997 USD ) . Across Japan , Typhoon Oliwa caused 12 fatalities and displaced a total of 30 , 000 people . Total damage amounted to 4 . 36 billion yen ( 50 . 1 million USD ) . Offshore the South Korea coast , the winds and strong waves wrecked 28 vessels , and 10 people were reported missing from one ship . Typhoon Oliwa was one of eleven super typhoons in the western Pacific , which is tied to the previous record of eleven a typical typhoon season has four super typhoons . The period of heightened activity was the result of one of the most powerful El Nio events on record . The track Oliwa was unusual , due to its origin as a cyclone from the central Pacific Ocean and its path over the Northern Marianas Islands and Japan . The typhoon was one of only two during the season to undergo explosive deepening , which is a decrease in barometric pressure of 2 . 5 mbar per hour for a period of at least 12 hours . In 24 hours , the pressure dropped 69 mbar , which averages 2 . 9 mbar per hour such values are usually estimated in the western Pacific using the Dvorak technique . The name was not retired , although due to the low activity in the central Pacific Ocean , the name will not be used for several years .
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3,671 | Hurricane Barbara was the second named tropical cyclone of the 1953 Atlantic hurricane season . Forming from a tropical wave on August 11 in the southern Bahamas , Barbara moved northward and attained hurricane status the next day . Ultimately peaking with winds corresponding to Category 2 status on the modern day Saffir Simpson Hurricane Scale , Barbara moved ashore in eastern North Carolina and curved back out to sea . The storm passed to the southeast of the New England region and dissipated on August 16 . Damage from the hurricane was fairly minor , totaling around 1 . 3 million ( 1953 USD , 11 . 5 million 2016 USD ) . Most of it occurred in North Carolina and Virginia from crop damage . The hurricane left several injuries , some traffic accidents , as well as seven fatalities in the eastern United States at least two were due to electrocution from downed power lines . Offshore Atlantic Canada , a small boat sunk , killing its crew of two . Meteorological history In the days preceding the storm 's formation , a tropical wave moved westward across the Atlantic Ocean . The wave was initially weak as it tracked toward Cuba , but on August 10 , there were indications of a closed circulation center over the eastern portion of the island . The low deepened a bit as it moved northward to a position near Eleuthera Island in the Bahamas on August 11 , at which time the disturbance organized into a tropical storm . The storm intensified throughout the day , and on the morning of August 12 , reconnaissance aircraft found winds of about 75 mph ( 120 km h ) in the northeastern section of the circulation , although the southwestern portion was still weak and disorganized . It is estimated that Barbara became a hurricane at around 1200 UTC . Moving north northwestward , the hurricane continued to mature , and it attained an intensity corresponding to Category 2 status on the modern day Saffir Simpson Hurricane Scale early on August 13 as it approached eastern North Carolina . Shortly thereafter , Barbara reached its peak winds of 110 mph ( 175 km h ) while located south of Cape Hatteras . The cyclone moved over the Outer Banks of North Carolina overnight , crossing the shore between Morehead City and Ocracoke . It weakened as it progressed northward , and curved eastward out to sea due to a building ridge . It passed just southeast of the Mid Atlantic states and New England , brushing Cape Cod , Massachusetts as it began to accelerate northeastward . As Barbara moved toward the Canadian Maritimes , it began to undergo an extratropical transition , completing the transition by late on August 15 just south of Nova Scotia . However , the Canadian Hurricane Centre assessed Barbara as remaining tropical until after it turned northward and struck eastern Nova Scotia on August 16 . At this time , a trough developed to the southeast of the storm , and Barbara later tracked just west of Newfoundland . A new low formed in association with the trough , and as Barbara rapidly headed northward , the developing center moved more slowly . However , the new low quickly gained strength and became the more intense of the two storm systems . Barbara then stalled near Goose Bay and lost its tropical identity , dissipating late on August 16 . Preparations and impact Before the hurricane began affecting land , the U.S. Weather Bureau issued northeast storm warnings from Myrtle Beach , South Carolina to Cape Hatteras , North Carolina . The agency also advised small boats in the region to remain at port during the storm . Evacuations were ordered for a few islands in the Outer Banks , and several thousand tourists voluntarily left the coastline for safer areas . Overall , about 50 , 000 people evacuated due to the hurricane . Further north , the Coast Guard advised people to avoid swimming along the coast of Long Island . The lowest pressure on land related to the storm was 988 hPa ( 29 . 19 inHg ) at unk , North Carolina . Wind gusts of up to 90 mph ( 140 km h ) were recorded at Hatteras and Nags Head . Torrential rainfall , unofficially exceeding 9 in ( 0 . 23 m ) at Nags Head , fell across the state and extending northward into Virginia . The maximum rainfall associated with Barbara was 11 . 1 in ( 280 mm ) near Onley along the Eastern Shore of Virginia . Offshore , a freighter rode out the storm after losing power . As the storm passed southeast of New England , winds reached up to 60 mph ( 97 km h ) . Along the coastline , Barbara flooded roads and houses . Strong winds downed trees and power lines , leaving some cities isolated from communication . Some of the downed trees were large and had survived the Great Atlantic Hurricane of 1944 . The combination of winds and rainfall left some damage to crops and structures . The storm 's impact along the coast was light to moderate , with monetary damage estimated around 1 . 3 million ( 1953 USD , 11 . 5 million 2016 USD ) , mostly from the crop damage . Four marines in the Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point were injured , as was a Coast Guard worker . One person died at Wrightsville Beach , North Carolina , after winds blew him off of a pier . A report on the cyclone by the U.S. Weather Bureau indicates that this is the only causality associated with Barbara . However , newspaper articles subsequent to the storm report several more fatalities , with one paper reporting a total of seven deaths two of them were from electrocutions . The rainfall from Barbara was blamed for traffic accidents further north in New Jersey and New York City , causing four deaths . There was also an indirect death in New York when a man had a heart attack while securing his boat . In Atlantic City , New Jersey , there was damage to storefronts . Along Nantucket , the hurricane washed several boats ashore , although there was little damage in the region . In the Grand Banks offshore Atlantic Canada , Barbara sunk a dory , killing two people . Along the Canadian mainland , ships were advised to stay at port during the storm . Barbara produced tropical storm force winds across the region , peaking at 63 mph ( 102 km h ) when it moved ashore .
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3,672 | The Frost Bank Tower is a skyscraper in Austin , Texas , United States . Standing 515 feet ( 157 m ) tall with 33 floors , it is the third tallest building in Austin , behind The unk and the 360 Condominiums . It was developed by Cousins Properties from November 2001 to December 2003 as a class A office building with 525 , 000 sq ft ( 48 , 774 m2 ) of leasable space . It was the first high rise building to be constructed in the United States after the 9 11 attacks . The building was officially dedicated in January 2004 . The Frost Bank Tower was designed by Duda Paine Architects , LLP and HKS , Inc . It carries the highest logo in the city at 420 ft ( 128 m ) . This advertises the San Antonio based Frost National Bank , whose Austin headquarters and insurance division are in the building . Offices in the building besides Frost Bank include the Austin offices of Morgan Stanley and Ernst Young , as well as the headquarters of the University of Texas Investment Management Company ( unk ) , managers of the Permanent University Fund . The silvery blue color glass facade was first used on the Reuters Building in New York City . Cousins sold the building in 2006 to Equity Office Properties Trust for 188 million before they sold the building to Thomas Properties the same year . In 2013 ownership of the building transferred to Parkway Properties . History In 1998 , unk Associates consolidated tracts of land at the building site , at the time a vacant lot , and sold it to Cousins Properties in 2001 . Their original plan called for a 352 ft ( 107 m ) building with 27 floors , but the final plan called for a 515 ft ( 157 m ) tall building with 33 floors . As the building began construction on November 27 , 2001 , it became the tallest building in the United States of America to be constructed after the September 11 attacks . Construction was finished about 2 years later in 2003 , and the tower was officially dedicated in 2004 . It became the tallest building in Austin , Texas , and the fourth tallest building outside of Dallas and Houston , Texas ( excluding the Tower of the Americas in San Antonio ) . In August 2003 cost of the building was estimated at 137 million . After Austin 's skyscraper construction boom , which began in 2007 , Frost Bank Tower was soon surpassed in height by the 360 Condominiums at 581 ft ( 177 m ) in 2008 . As of March 2011 , it is the 54th tallest building in Texas . In 2006 , Cousins Properties decided to sell the building for 188 million to Equity Office Properties , whom eventually sold it to Thomas Properties . Currently , there are many notable tenants in the building , including Frost Bank , Morgan Stanley , Ernst Young , unk , and Heritage Title Co . Architecture Designed by Duda Paine Architects , LLP with HKS , Inc. as the Architect of Record , the Frost Bank Tower is considered one of the most recognizable buildings in Austin . The building starts with a rectangular shape on the ground that eventually becomes a square point in the crown . The base of the building is expressed in honed finish limestone while the main superstructure of the building is a blue low e glass skin , which is a thicker type of glass , that covers the entire tower . The Frost Bank Tower is one of only two places in the world with blue low e glass skin , the other being the Reuters Building in New York City , which was the earlier structure . The folded panes of the building step back to create a segmented pyramidal form . Lighting covers the crown , where a section of the building 150 ft ( 46 m ) lights up , and sometimes changes color for special occasions , such as the 2006 Rose Bowl , when the Austin based University of Texas Longhorns defeated the USC Trojans . More than 200 , 000 sq ft ( 60 , 960 sq m ) of glass was used for the facade of the building alone and 45 , 000 sq ft ( 13 , 716 sq m ) of glass was used in the crown . The building also contains an 11 level parking garage with spaces for more than 1 , 400 vehicles . Critics ' responses There have been many critics and other people who have stated their comments on the building . John Kelso , a local newspaper columnist , says that the building resembles an enormous set of nose hair trimmers . Austin Chronicle readers voted the Frost Bank Tower as the Best New Building ( Past Five Years ) in 2004 , 2006 , 2007 , and 2008 . It was also voted for best architecture in 2004 and 2005 . The newspaper also says that the owl face of the Frost Bank Tower helps keep Austin characteristically weird , meaning that it makes Austin unique . The tower was awarded the 2005 International Association of Lighting Designers ( unk ) Award of Merit for lighting design by Cline unk Bernstein Lighting Design Inc. for its second set of narrowly focused accent lights that showcase the vertical mullions at the setback near the building top and monumental custom sconces that add scale and create a welcoming frame around the opening portals of the lobby . The building also won the 2003 Texas Construction Magazine Award of Merit . Amenities The Frost Bank Tower contains a wide variety of amenities . Such amenities in the building include conference facilities , building concierge , 24 hour unk access , fully equipped fitness center , state of the art telecommunication systems , tenant controlled HVAC , upscale restaurants , deli carry out restaurants , a coffee shop , and a dry cleaner . Following tradition , a tin Christian cross was embedded into the concrete of each floor during construction , with the last being added on May 27 , 2003 . Also , a 30 foot ( 9 . 1 m ) cedar tree was hoisted to the top of the mechanical penthouse during the topping out ceremony . Position in Austin 's skyline Frost Bank Tower is the third tallest building in Austin at 515 ft ( 157 m ) , behind 360 Condominiums and The unk in height . The building covers most of its block , which is located near the center of downtown at 4th Street and Congress Avenue . Its location in the skyline , matched with its height , excited unk and was known as a centerpiece to the skyline . Gallery
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3,673 | Polygon is an American video game website that publishes news , culture , reviews , and videos . It launched as Vox Media 's third property on October 24 , 2012 . The site was built over the course of ten months , and its 16 person founding staff included the editors in chief of the gaming sites Joystiq , Kotaku and The Escapist . Vox produced a documentary series about the founding of the site . The site sought to distinguish itself from competitors by focusing on the stories of the people behind the games instead of the games themselves . They also produced long form magazine style feature articles , invested in video content , and chose to allow their review scores to be updated as the game changed . The site was built to HTML5 responsive standards with a pink color scheme , and their advertisements focused on direct sponsorship of specific kinds of content . History The gaming blog Polygon was launched on October 24 , 2012 , as Vox Media 's third property . The site grew from technology blog The Verge , which was launched a year earlier as an outgrowth of sports blog network SB Nation before the Vox Media was formed . Vox Media CEO Jim Bankoff approached Joystiq editor in chief Christopher Grant in early 2011 about starting a video game website . Bankoff considered video games to be a logical vertical market for Vox , whose sites attracted an 18 to 49 year old demographic . He also saw games to be an expanding market in consideration of mobile and social network game categories . Forbes described Bankoff 's offer as a serious commitment to online journalism in an age of content farms and disappearing print publications , but Grant did not trust the offer and declined . Upon seeing the effort that Vox put into The Verge , their Chorus content management system , and the quality of their content and sponsorships , Grant changed his mind and returned to pitch Bankoff . Grant wanted the new site to compete with top gaming websites GameSpot and IGN , but still be able to run longform magazine style journalism that could be of historic interest . As part of the site 's attempt to redefine games journalism , Vox made a 13 part documentary series of the site 's creation ( Press Reset ) that tracked the site 's creation from start to launch . Forbes described Polygon 's original 16 person staff as star studded for including the editors in chief from three competing video game blogs . Grant left Joystiq in January 2012 and brought the editors in chief of Kotaku and The Escapist , Brian Crecente and Russ Pits . Other staff included Joystiq managing editor Justin McElroy and staff from UGO , IGN , MTV , Videogamer.com , and 1UP.com. Ben Kuchera joined the site after The Penny Arcade Report closed in November 2013 . The team works remotely from places including Philadelphia , New York , West Virginia , San Francisco , Sydney , London , and Austin , though Vox Media is headquartered in Washington , D.C. The site was developed over the course of ten months , where the staff chose the site 's name and set standards for their reporting and review score scale . Polygon staff published on The Verge as Vox Games beginning in February 2012 and ending with their October launch . The site 's name was announced at a PAX East panel in April . It refers to a polygon the basic visual building block of video games . In March 2016 , editors from Polygon and SB Nation launched a new Vox Media venture , The Rift Herald , which covers League of Legends esports . Content Polygon publishes video game news , entertainment , reviews , and video . They sought to set their content apart from other games journalism outlets by focusing on the people making and playing the games rather than the games alone . At the site 's outset , Polygon planned to run multiple longform feature articles weekly , which they intended to be comparable in intent to the cover stories of magazines . They also decided to allow their game review scores to be updated as the games were updated , so as to more adequately reflect games that had changed with downloadable content and updates since their original release . The site received criticism for its comparatively low review score given to The Last of Us , which was later increased with the game 's remastered edition . In consideration of games that may differ in quality before and after release , Polygon later began to mark pre release reviews as provisional to defer final scoring until after their public release . After raising money in a second round of funding in late 2013 , Vox announced that they would be investing further in the site 's video product , such that it feels as much like TV programming as magazine publishing . The site announced in June 2014 that features editor Russ Pitts would be leaving Polygon along with their video director and video designer as the site planned to run fewer feature articles in the future . Polygon 's unk podcast was named among iTunes 's best of 2015 . Design The site uses a pink color palette and emulates the magazine style layout of The Verge . The site was programmed to use HTML 5 standards with a responsive design that adapts to the screen dimensions of laptops , tablets , and cell phones . This is partially to remove need for a separate mobile version . Their longform journalism was optimized for reading on tablets . Business The site uses a direct content sponsorship model of online advertising used by SB Nation and The Verge . For example , a video series sponsorship pairs brands with specific editorial content . Forbes wrote that Vox 's avoidance of content farm and news aggregator tactics , and interest shown in building communities is desirable to magazine quality advertisers . The site pitched its longform journalism to advertisers as an indicator of high quality content . The site 's founding sponsors included Geico , Sony , and Unilever . As of June 2014 , Polygon ranks fourth among games sites by unk web traffic data behind IGN , GameSpot , and Kotaku . The same month , Grant reported that the previous month had been their most highly popular .
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3,674 | The Glassheart Tour was the second headlining concert tour by British recording artist Leona Lewis . It was launched in support of her third studio album , Glassheart ( 2012 ) . Announced on 8 October 2012 , with an initial run of sixteen dates in the United Kingdom , the Glassheart Tour was extended to include five dates in Germany and one in Switzerland . English singer songwriter Ryan Keen served as the support act . It marks the first time that Lewis has performed material in Europe as part of a headline tour her previous tour The Labyrinth ( 2010 ) , only visited the UK . Lewis was inspired by American hip hop artist and music producer Kanye West 's style of performance and noted British playwright William Shakespeare as inspiration for the tour . Lewis performed the set list with her band which consisted mostly of a string quartet and acoustic song arrangements . It was the acoustic performances and Lewis ' vocals that garnered the most praise from critics however , there was a mixed reaction to some of the arrangements such as the reggae influences on Better in Time . Critics were also divided over the lack of diversity from previous live performances though Lewis ' stage presence was commended . Background and development Lewis released her third studio album Glassheart on 12 October 2012 , almost a year after the original release date of November 2011 . The album had been conceptualised in July 2010 , following Lewis ' completion of her first tour , The Labyrinth . The album title Glassheart was inspired from a conversation that Lewis had with Ryan Tedder . During the conversation , Tedder asked Lewis about her past experiences with love and life in general . Lewis ' response led him to the word Glassheart . During an interview with Clyde 1 radio , Lewis said Glassheart represents protecting your heart , yourself and protecting your emotions , its very poignant . On 8 October 2012 , a week before the album 's UK release , Lewis announced her supporting tour of the same name . The tour is named after the album , and although Lewis said she is not American hip hop artist and music producer Kanye West 's biggest fan , she was inspired by his tour performances where he appeared on stage alone and just did his thing . During an interview with Digital Spy , Lewis told Tom Eames that Glassheart has a running theme about star crossed lovers that can 't be together , and so it was likely that this idea would feature on the tour . Lewis also cited William Shakespeare as another source of inspiration . She spent the three days of the final tour rehearsals at The Backstage Centre in Purfleet , Essex ( UK ) . The Glassheart Tour was scheduled to visit twenty one venues across Germany and the United Kingdom . The tour was expected to begin on 15 April in Berlin . The list had expanded from an initial sixteen to include five dates in Germany . Lewis would then proceed with UK dates beginning in Glasgow , including two dates at London 's Royal Albert Hall before finishing on 18 May in Plymouth . Speaking about the tour , Lewis said I can 't wait to get out there and play my new songs . I had such fun on my last tour and I 'm really excited about doing it again next year . Barclaycard ran a competition which gave fans the chance to win tickets to 6 May concert at Birmingham 's National Indoor Arena . Critics ' reviews In a review for the Express Star , Elizabeth Joyce said although Lewis was not like her contemporaries meat dress wearing Lady Gaga or the Russell Brand marrying Katy Perry , no one can reach those soft lows or soaring highs quite like her . Joyce praised the concert for showing the best of Lewis ' vocal abilities . unk predominately on songs from Spirit ( 2007 ) and Glassheart ( 2012 ) , the concert was largely acoustic music with a band and string quartet . In particular Joyce praised Lewis ' performances of First Time Ever I Saw Your Face and Bleeding Love which earned her standing ovations , in addition to the note perfect rendition of Run . Katherine Hollisey McLean for the Worthing Herald largely agreed , commenting that if anyone expected Lewis to be belting out song after song they were right . Hollisey McLean praised the decisions to switch the song arrangements , for example adding reggae beats to Better in Time and performing the acoustic version of Trouble . She ended by saying that Lewis ' vocals were flawless and that her stage presence and confidence had vastly improved over the last seven years . The Guardian 's Malcolm Jack was less impressed he stated that when Lewis tried to diversify the show by dancing or switching the arrangements , she risked becoming the British diva that pop music forgot . Jack said that during a sassy dance routine for Forgive Me Lewis came off as a budget Beyonc , whilst on the cringey unk ' and unk ' reggae take on ' Better in Time ' song she comes across like a reasonably priced Rihanna . Jack concluded by saying the show was in need of a shot of adrenaline . In writing for the Nottingham Post , Paul Hindle agreed , saying that when the tempo increased and choreography was introduced Lewis looked endearingly uncomfortable however , Hindle was positive about Lewis ' vocals , calling her vocal performance virtuoso . He concluded that Lewis ' spellbinding rendition of Run was a highlight of the concert , and that fans should not have left disappointed . Set list The following set list is representative of the show in Berlin on 15 April 2013 . It may not represent the setlist from all of the shows . Come Alive Fireflies A Moment Like This ( Acoustic version ) Collide Forgive Me Better in Time ( contains elements of Man Down , a song originally performed by Rihanna ) Happy Sugar I to You Broken Trouble ( Acoustic version ) Locked Out of Heaven ( A cover originally performed by Bruno Mars ) Footprints in the Sand The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face Bleeding Love Glassheart Run Notes Lewis performed a cover of the Rihanna song Diamonds in Scarborough on 12 July 2013 . Shows
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3,675 | Neoromicia malagasyensis is a vespertilionid bat of Madagascar in the genus Neoromicia . It is known only from the vicinity of the Isalo National Park in the southwestern part of the island , where it has been caught in riverine habitats . After the first specimen was caught in 1967 , it was described as a subspecies of Eptesicus somalicus ( now Neoromicia somalica ) in 1995 . After four more specimens were collected in 2002 and 2003 , it was recognized as a separate species . Because of its small distribution and the threat of habitat destruction , it is considered Endangered in the IUCN Red List . Neoromicia malagasyensis is a relatively small species , with a forearm length of 30 to 32 mm ( 1 . 2 to 1 . 3 in ) and a body mass of 3 . 9 to 9 g ( 0 . 1 to 0 . 3 oz ) . The fur is dark brown above and mixed buff and gray below . The ears are translucent and the tibia is short . The baculum ( penis bone ) resembles that of N. melckorum , but is smaller . The duration of the echolocation call , which consists of a component with rapidly falling frequency and one showing more stable frequency , averages 4 . 9 ms and the interval between calls averages 69 . 1 ms . Taxonomy In their 1995 review of Malagasy bats , Randolph Peterson and colleagues established Eptesicus somalicus malagasyensis , a new subspecies of Eptesicus somalicus ( currently Neoromicia somalica ) . They had only a single specimen and noted that further material was needed to assess the new form 's relationship with E. somalicus . Studies in 2001 and 2002 provided evidence that E. somalicus and related species are not closely related to Eptesicus ( nor to Pipistrellus , where they have also been placed ) , so that these species were allocated to the separate genus Neoromicia . In 2004 , Steven Goodman and Julie Ranivo reviewed the Malagasy subspecies after collecting two more specimens and concluded that it was distinct enough to be classified as a separate species , Neoromicia malagasyensis . Two years later , Paul Bates and colleagues reported on two more specimens and showed that the bacula ( penis bones ) of N. malagasyensis and N. somalica are different , providing further evidence that they are distinct species . However , they recommended that further research assess the degree of difference between N. malagasyensis and N. matroka ( formerly in Eptesicus , but placed in Neoromicia by Bates and colleagues ) , which occurs further east in Madagascar . The IUCN Red List currently again classifies the species in Eptesicus , as Eptesicus malagasyensis . Neoromicia malagasyensis is one of at least six species of small vespertilionid bats ( pipistrelles ) on Madagascar , in addition to N. matroka , N. melckorum , Pipistrellus unk , P. raceyi , and Hypsugo anchietae . The classification of these bats has historically been controversial , leading to many changing identifications and generic assignments . The genus Neoromicia is exclusively African and included 11 species in the 2005 third edition of Mammal Species of the World more species , like N. malagasyensis and N. matroka , have been added since . Common names proposed for this species include Isalo unk and Peterson 's ' pipistrelle ' . Description Neoromicia malagasyensis is a relatively small pipistrelle , but larger than N. somalica . The fur on the back is long and dark brown and the underparts contain both gray and dark buff hairs there , the fur becomes lighter towards the tail . The fur is darker than in N. somalica , but paler than in N. matroka . The brown ears are translucent . The tragus ( a projection on the inner side of the outer ear ) is similar to that of N. somalica , but may be a little narrower . Relative to the two other Malagasy Neoromicia species , the tibia is short . A single baculum ( penis bone ) , 2 . 2 mm long , has been studied . It resembles the baculum of N. melckorum , but is smaller . As in N. matroka , the distal ( far ) end is flat and displaced downwards , but the N. malagasyensis baculum has a smaller area and less well developed flanges at the sides and a smaller vertical extension of the bone . The skull is somewhat smaller than that of N. matroka and the braincase and palate are narrower . Compared to N. somalica , the skull is broader . The ridge on the lacrimal bone is better developed , the palate is broader , the frontal bones contain a depression and are swollen at the sides , the mastoid bones are smaller , and the coronoid and angular processes of the mandible ( lower jaw ) are more prominent . The echolocation call of this species was reported in a 2007 study that consists of a component with rapidly falling frequency followed by one with more slowly changing frequency . The call takes 3 . 6 to 6 . 3 ms , averaging 4 . 9 ms , and the period between two calls is 34 . 2 to 94 . 4 ms , averaging 69 . 1 ms . The maximum frequency averages 79 . 8 kHz , the minimum frequency averages 40 . 5 kHz , and the call emits the most energy at a frequency of 45 . 7 kHz . Distribution and ecology Neoromicia malagasyensis is known only from the vicinity of Isalo National Park , an area of about 2000 km2 ( 800 sq mi ) , in interior southwestern Madagascar . The holotype was caught in 1967 in a unk set in a row of palms along a river in dry savannah habitat . Peterson and colleagues reported that it had been collected near the village of unk , but Goodman and Ranivo suggested that it may instead have come from near unk . Two specimens , a male and a female , were collected at different localities in Isalo National Park in early December 2002 , both in unk near rivers . The male had enlarged testes and the female had recently stopped lactating and had large mammae . Two others followed in 2003 , also from the national park , and caught in woodland near rivers . A 2009 study on echolocation described the call of six individuals of N. malagasyensis from an unspecified site within the national park . In view of its small known range and the threat of habitat destruction , the IUCN Red List assesses the species as Endangered further research is recommended on its roosting and dietary habits .
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3,676 | Nicola Maree Ziggy Zagame ( born 11 August 1990 in Sydney ) is an Australian water polo centre back driver . She attended Kirrawee High School in New South Wales . One of her hobbies is art , and some of it was displayed as part of an exhibit at the unk Regional Gallery and Arts Centre in 2008 . She became a water polo player after being recruited from surf lifesaving when she was thirteen . She has had a water polo scholarship with the New South Wales Institute of Sport . She plays for the Cronulla Sharks in the National Water Polo League where she has twice set single season scoring records . She has represented her country as a member of Australia women 's national water polo team on both the junior and senior levels , and was part of the silver winning team at the 2010 FINA Women 's Water Polo World Cup . She represented Australia at the 2012 Summer Olympics . Personal Zagame , nicknamed Ziggy and Nicky , was born on 11 August 1990 in Sydney and grew up attending Kirrawee High School . Currently residing in Gymea Bay , New South Wales , the 174 cm ( 5 ft 9 in ) tall 73 kilograms ( 161 lb ) right handed Zagame disclosed her hobbies to be surfing , art , unk , and reading . Her art was displayed at the unk Regional Gallery and Arts Centre in 2008 as part of an exhibition of works of young local artists . She is intrigued by the animal like qualities often found in people , both in physical appearance and personality and integrated this theme into her works which were on display . She attended Sydney University where she was part of a course related to medical radiation science diagnostic radiography . She is a water polo coach and works at a shop making sandwiches . Water polo Zagame plays as a centre back driver and prefers to wear cap number twelve . She keeps a rock that she considers lucky in her pool bag . She started playing water polo as a thirteen year old in Sutherland , New South Wales having been recruited from Cronulla unk where was involved with surf lifesaving . At the time of her transition to water polo , she was a better surf swimmer than a unk swimmer . She has held a scholarship for water polo at the New South Wales Institute of Sport . In 2008 , she competed in the Women 's International Series . Club team Zagame is a member of and plays club water polo for the Cronulla Sharks Water Polo Club in the National Water Polo League . During the 2009 season , she scored 76 goals . She played for the team in 2010 , including the finals tournament , during which she was named in the league final 's All Star team . She has twice set season goal scoring records while playing in the league , with the second time coming in a 2010 game when her team beat Adelaide at home in the Sutherland Leisure Centre . She challenges opposition players in such a way that it frequently results in her fouling out of games . She was the captain of the team during the 2011 season . In 2012 , she played briefly with the club before taking a break from the team following their 18 February 2012 game to attend the national team training camp . Her last game before the break was against the Balmain Tigers . As a member of the team , she helped win the first two games of the season 8 4 and 7 4 . Junior national team Zagame has represented Australia on the junior national level . In July 2006 , she was a member of the Youth Girls squad that competed in an international series in Auckland , New Zealand . Senior national team Zagame is a member of the Australia women 's national water polo team , nicknamed the Stingers . She made her senior team debut in May 2009 . In 2009 , she was part of the Australian side that finished third at the FINA World unk Super Finals in Kirishi , Russia . This was her first major international tournament as a member of the senior squad . In 2009 , she was part of the team that finished sixth at the FINA World Championships in Rome , Italy in 2009 . She was also part of the Australian side that won the 2009 Holiday Cup in the United States . Zagame was a member of the 2010 Stingers squad that competed at the FINA World Cup in Christchurch , New Zealand where Australia finished second . In the team 's quarter finals 10 8 victory over the United States women 's national water polo team , she scored three goals . In May 2010 , she was a member of the team that competed at the FINA World League Asia Oceania zone held in Osaka , Japan and Tianjin , China . Zagame was part of the Australian side that won a silver medal at the 2011 Kirishi Cup in June . In the game for the medal , they played Kazakhstan women 's national water polo team . In that match , she scored two goals . In July 2011 , she was a member of the Australian Stingers that competed in the 2011 FINA World Championships in Shanghai . In preparation for this tournament , she attended a team training camp in Perth , Western Australia . In January 2012 , Zagame competed in the Pan Pacific Championships for the Stingers , and was a member of the squad that competed the three game test series against the United States . The Australian team won two of the three matches , with scores of 12 13 in an opening series loss , winning 11 6 in the second match and winning the third match 12 7 clash at Sutherland Leisure Centre . Zagame scored a goal in the second half of the final match in the series . This test series was the first time she had played an international match in her home swimming pool , Sutherland Leisure Centre . In February 2012 , Zagame was named in the 17 member training squad for the 2012 Summer Olympics , and attended a training camp that started on 20 February 2012 at the Australian Institute of Sport . She was part of the Stingers squad that competed in a five game test against Great Britain at the AIS in late February 2012 . This was the team 's first matches against Great Britain 's national team in six years . The team will be cut to thirteen before the team departs for the Olympic games , with the announcement scheduled on 13 June . Zagame is planning to stay in the sport and hopes to qualify for the 2016 Summer Olympics .
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3,677 | Widerstehe doch der Snde ( Just resist sin ) , BWV 54 , is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach . He composed the solo cantata for alto in Weimar between 1711 and 1714 , and probably performed it on the seventh Sunday after Trinity , 15 July 1714 . It is Bach 's first extant church cantata for a solo voice . The text of the short work was written by Georg Christian Lehms , for two arias and a connecting recitative . The topic is to resist sin , based on the Epistle of James . The text was published in a 1711 collection , dedicated to the Sunday Oculi . It is not known when Bach composed the work but is assumed that he performed it as part of his monthly cantata productions in 1714 on the seventh Sunday after Trinity , 15 July . The solo voice is accompanied by strings two violin parts , two viola parts and continuo . The composition begins with a striking dissonant chord . History and words The history of the composition is not clear . The text was written by Georg Christian Lehms for Oculi , the third Sunday in Lent , and published in 1711 in Gottgeflliges Kirchen Opffer . It concentrates on avoiding sin , based on the Epistle of James . The first line of movement 3 quotes 1 John 3 8 . Bach may have composed the cantata already before taking up regular cantata compositions in Weimar . He was appointed concertmaster of the Weimar court capelle of the co reigning dukes Wilhelm Ernst and Ernst August of Saxe Weimar , on 2 March 1714 . As concertmaster , he assumed the principal responsibility for composing new works , specifically cantatas for the Schlosskirche ( palace church ) , on a monthly schedule . The Bach scholar Alfred Drr suggested that Bach performed the cantata for the Seventh Sunday after Trinity of 1714 . The prescribed readings for the Sunday are from the Epistle to the Romans , the wages of sin is death but the gift of God is eternal life ( Romans 6 19 23 ) , and from the Gospel of Mark , the feeding of the 4000 ( Mark 8 1 9 ) . The cantata text relates to the epistle of both Sundays , but shows no connection to either Gospel . While Drr assumes that Bach first performed the cantata on 15 July 1714 , other scholars arrive at different dates . John Eliot Gardiner and others assume Oculi that year which would make it the earliest cantata performed after the promotion . It is his first extant church cantata for a solo voice , followed by Mein Herze schwimmt im Blut , BWV 199 , for soprano . The cantata is the first of four written for a single alto soloist , the others , all composed in 1726 , being Geist und Seele wird verwirret , BWV 35 , Vergngte Ruh , beliebte Seelenlust , BWV 170 , and Gott soll allein mein Herze haben , BWV 169 , two of which also have texts by Lehms . There is some debate what sort of singer might have been the intended or actual first performer of Widerstehe doch der Snde , especially given its low range and tessitura compared with other Alto solo writing by Bach such as Geist und Seele wird verwirret , BWV 35 or Vergngte Ruh , beliebte Seelenlust , BWV 170 . If the cantata was written early in Bach 's ( second ) Weimar period , then perhaps the soloist could have been Adam Immanuel Weldig , the only falsettist in the Weimar court chapel in 1708 ( the other five singers being a bass , two tenors and two teenage unk ) . However , Weldig 's designation as falsettist may indicate that he was a soprano and not an alto . Weldig left Weimar in 1713 so could not have sung if the first performance was as late as 1714 as suggested by Drr . Nowadays the solo part in this cantata is usually taken by a contralto or countertenor . Scoring and structure The cantata , structured in three movements , is scored as chamber music for a solo alto voice , two violins ( Vl ) , two violas ( Va ) , and basso continuo ( Bc ) . The duration is given as 14 minutes . The manuscript title page reads unk 2 Violini , 2 Viole , Alto , Solo , Cont . del unk . In the following table of the movements , the scoring follows the Neue Bach Ausgabe . The keys and time signatures are taken from Alfred Drr , using the symbols for common time ( 4 4 ) and alla breve ( 2 2 ) . The continuo , playing throughout , is not shown . Music 1 The first movement , Widerstehe doch der Snde ( Just resist sin ) is a da capo aria , which opens with a surprising dissonance and leaves its key of E flat major open until a cadence in measure 8 . Drr describes it as a call to resistance and compares it to the beginning of the recitative Siehe , ich stehe vor der Tr , a call to be ready , in the cantata for Advent Nun komm , der Heiden Heiland , BWV 61 , composed in 1714 . Gardiner comments It is a deliberate shock tactic to rouse his listeners to the need to ' stand firm against all sinning , or its poison will possess you ' . Bach used the first aria again in his St Mark Passion . 2 The recitative Die Art unk Snden ( The way of vile sins ) is secco , accompanied by the continuo . The words So unk sich nur ein unk Schatten und unk Grab ( It shows itself as only an empty shadow and a whitewashed grave ) are expressed in pale harmonies . The final lines are arioso and illustrate in Sie ist als wie ein unk unk , das uns durch Leib und Seele unk ( It is like a sharp sword , that pierces through body and soul ) the movement of the sword by fast runs in the continuo . 3 The final aria Wer Snde tut , der ist vom Teufel ( He who sins is of the devil ) is again a da capo aria , but shows elements of a four part fugue for the voice , the violins in unison , the violas in unison and the continuo . Gardiner describes the theme as insinuating chromatic and the contorted counter subject to portray the wily shackles of the devil . Selected recordings The sortable listing is taken from the selection provided by Aryeh Oron on the Bach Cantatas website . The sortable table is based on the listing on the Bach Cantatas website . The type of orchestra is roughly shown as a large group by red background , and as an ensemble playing period instruments in historically informed performance by green background .
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3,678 | Long Way to Go is a song by American singer songwriter Gwen Stefani with American rapper Andr 3000 . The song appears as the closing track on Stefani 's debut studio album , Love . Angel . Music . Baby . ( 2004 ) . It was released on November 23 , 2004 , along with the rest of Love . Angel . Music . Baby. by Interscope Records . The track was written by both Stefani and 3000 , while 3000 was the sole producer of the track . Although the song was scrapped from 3000 's critically acclaimed OutKast studio album , The Love Below ( 2003 ) , Stefani and 3000 finalized a reworked version of the song to be included on Stefani 's album . The song prominently features a sample from Martin Luther King , Jr . ' s I Have a Dream speech in its closing outro . King is not credited for contributed lyrics to the song . Musically , Long Way to Go is influenced by electronic music and alternative hip hop , with partial influence from both dance music and soul music . After its release , Long Way to Go received scrutiny for its sample of I Have a Dream . The song also was received negatively for its outdated metaphors on interracial relationships . However , the track did receive positive attention for being a standout on Love . Angel . Music . Baby. and also for its electronic production , particularly the closing of the track . Stefani performed the track during her 2005 Harajuku Lovers Tour , accompanied by the Harajuku Girls . Background Production for Long Way to Go initially started in 2003 during recording sessions for both of Stefani and 3000 's then upcoming studio albums . The original collaboration had Stefani as a featured artist , although 3000 intended for a different version of the song to make it on his album , The Love Below . The pair worked together on a slightly different version of the track , where it was then finalized and placed on Love . Angel . Music . Baby .. The original demo of the song has never been officially released to the public . Lyrically , the song discusses prejudices against interracial dating and the beauty of love . This meaning is made clear in the lyric , Beauty is beauty Whether it 's black or white . The line , When snow hits the asphalt Cold looks and bad talk come is used as a metaphor for the backlash that may occur when dating someone of the opposite race . The song also jokes that this problematic situation is beyond Martin Luther . Throughout the closing of the track , prominent samples of Martin Luther King , Jr . ' s I Have a Dream speech can be heard , set to unsynchronized M.I.A. like beats created by a unk unk synthesizer . Vibe described MLK 's speech as having made its mark on music artists , with some artists like Stefani having lifted his word for their own tracks . Critical reception Upon release , Long Way to Go received polarized reviews from critics . Some music critics heavily criticized the track for its sampling of the I Have a Dream speech , while others found it to be an interesting song . Jason Damas of PopMatters unfavorably compared the song to OutKast 's Spread and claimed that Stefani awkwardly comment ed on race relations and as such it 's a bit of a buzzkill . Krissi Murison of the British magazine , NME , also was negative with her review , claiming that the track is a bar the knuckle bitingly bad duet , further adding that every song on Love . Angel . Music . Baby. sounds like a future hit , minus Long Way to Go . Nick Sylvester of Pitchfork Media remained indifferent of the song as he thought that the song 's lyrics feel out of place on an otherwise carefree album and preferred Stefani and 3000 's other collaboration , Bubble Pop Electric . However , Ryan Book of Music Times , was less critical with his review Stefani took a break from colorful music videos to make a statement of racial relations ... the song uses a less clear sample than the other tracks , but interpolates his words into the electronic breakdown at the end of the song . Marc unk of Thought Catalog felt that Long Way to Go is one of the most interesting out of any on Love . Angel . Music . Baby . , further adding that the outro of the song resembles the work of M.I.A .. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic was mixed with his review , stating that the song is a jarring buzz kill and that 's what 's appealing about L.A.M.B. , even if it such a shallow celebration of fleeting style and outdated bling bling culture , it can grate . A review from unk described Long Way to Go as a plea for interracial love or the tolerant embrace of it the central contention that beauty can be black or white yellow or green . In an extremely positive review of the track , Mike Usinger writing for The Georgia Straight , claimed that with a surprisingly soulful duet with Andre 3000 , Stefani has come up with the kind of solo album that gets singers thinking that maybe they don 't need a backing band at all , referencing Stefani 's time spent with No Doubt . Live performance Stefani included the song on the setlist for her 2005 concert tour entitled Harajuku Lovers Tour . Long Way to Go was performed alongside the Harajuku Girls , a Japanese dance troupe the Girls performed minimal dance moves due to the intentional intimacy of the song . During the performance , the lyrics of Long Way to Go occasionally flashed on the screens above Stefani due to the topic of interracial dating prevalent in the song , Stefani was surrounded by individuals of different races throughout the performance . Track listings and formats US Digital download Long Way to Go ( with Andr 3000 ) 4 34 Interscope Records Sampler A1 Rich Girl ( featuring Eve ) 3 56 A2 Hollaback Girl 3 19 A3 Bubble Pop Electric ( featuring Johnny Vulture ) 3 42 B1 Long Way to Go ( with Andr 3000 ) 4 34 B2 Harajuku Girls 4 51 B3 Cool 3 09 Credits and personnel Management Recorded at Stankonia Recording , Atlanta Larabee Sound Studio East , Los Angeles and unk Studios , Los Angeles . Personnel Credits adapted from the liner notes of Love . Angel . Music . Baby .
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3,679 | The 1892 Alabama Cadets football team represented the University of Alabama in the 1892 college football season . The team was led by their head coach E. B. Beaumont and played their home games at Lakeview Park in Birmingham , Alabama . In what was the inaugural season of Alabama football , the team finished with a record of two wins and two losses ( 2 2 ) . William Little of Livingston , Alabama is credited with being responsible for the introduction of football at the university . After playing the game in 1891 while in attendance at a northern prep school , Little returned to Alabama where he helped establish the first team at the university for the 1892 season . The first game in Alabama football history was played on November 11 , 1892 , against Birmingham High School and was won by the Cadets 56 0 . They then split a pair of games with the Birmingham Athletic Club , and closed out the season with a 32 22 loss in the first Iron Bowl against Auburn on February 22 , 1893 . After the season , Beaumont was fired as head coach and replaced by Eli Abbott for the 1893 season . Background The first college football game was played on November 6 , 1869 , between Rutgers and the College of New Jersey . Although the sport continued to grow , it was not introduced for another 23 years at Alabama . The man credited with the introduction of football at Alabama was William G. Little of Livingston . Little attended the Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire for the 1891 92 school year . It was there that he first played and became an advocate for football . Originally he intended to attend Yale University . However , after his brother died , Little returned to Livingston in 1892 and enrolled at Alabama . He proposed the university field a football team , which was introduced for the 1892 season . Alabama selected Little as the first team captain for the inaugural 1892 season . The team was called the Cadets , as the current Crimson Tide moniker was not used until 1907 . Schedule Source Rolltide.com 1892 Alabama football schedule Game notes Birmingham High School In what was the first ever game played by the University of Alabama , a team of Birmingham area high school players lost to the Cadets 56 0 at Birmingham 's Lakeview Park . Played on November 11 , the game served as a practice game for Alabama 's contest against the Birmingham Athletic Club scheduled for the next day . Although details of the second half are unavailable , touchdowns in the first half were scored by David Grayson , G. H. Kyser , Dan Smith ( twice ) , William Little and T. S. Frazer . The play utilized most throughout the game was a rushing formation developed by Harvard earlier in the season called the flying wedge . Birmingham Athletic Club ( November ) A day after their victory over Birmingham High School , Alabama suffered their first all time loss against the Birmingham Athletic Club ( B.A.C. ) 5 4 . In a game noted for numerous fumbles by both squads , Alabama scored first and took a 4 0 lead on a William G. Little touchdown run late in the first half . However , the B.A.C. won the game 5 4 late in the second half when J. P. Ross successfully kicked a 63 yard field goal on a drop kick . Alabama would not lose another game by a single point until their 1947 game against Tulane . Birmingham Athletic Club ( December ) A month after their loss to the B.A.C. , Alabama returned to Lakeview Park and defeated the Athletics 14 0 . David Grayson scored first on a 65 yard touchdown run to give Alabama a 4 0 lead after a missed extra point . In the second half , both Robert Cope and Eli Abbott scored touchdowns and one G. H. Kyser extra point gave Alabama the 14 0 victory . Auburn Before 5 , 000 fans at Birmingham 's Lakeview Park , Alabama lost to the Agricultural Mechanical College of Alabama ( now known as Auburn University ) 32 22 in the first of what was subsequently dubbed the Iron Bowl . Auburn scored first on a 20 yard Rufus Dorsey touchdown run and again on a one yard Dorsey run and took an 8 0 lead early in the first half . Frank Savage then scored Alabama 's first touchdown on a 10 yard run and William B. Bankhead converted a successful extra point to cut the Auburn lead to 8 6 . After Auburn scored a third touchdown to go up 14 6 , Alabama responded with a 20 yard Dan Smith touchdown run and G. H. Kyser extra point to make the halftime score 14 12 in favor of Auburn . In the second half , Auburn scored first again when Dorsey recovered an Alabama fumble and returned it 65 yards for a touchdown . After a successful extra point the blue and orange extended their lead to 20 12 . Alabama responded on their following possession with a 30 yard William Little touchdown run and Kyser extra point to cut the lead to 20 18 . Thomas Daniels then scored Auburn 's final two touchdowns on runs of one and 25 yards and also converted both extra points to give them a 32 18 lead . Smith scored the final points of the game late in the second half for Alabama on a short run that made the final score 32 22 . Players The following players were members of the 1892 football team according to the roster published in the 1893 edition of The Corolla , the University of Alabama yearbook . After the season Although they finished with a .500 record , after the completion of the season , E. B. Beaumont was fired as Alabama 's head coach . The 1894 edition of the university yearbook The Corolla stated of the Beaumont firing We were unfortunate in securing a coach . After keeping him for a short time , we found that his knowledge of the game was very limited . We , therefore , ' got rid of ' him . After Beaumont 's departure , William G. Little continued the training of the team until Abbott was selected to serve as head coach for the 1893 season . Other notable players from the first Alabama team included William B. Bankhead who served as the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1936 to 1940 and Bibb Graves who served as the 38th Governor of Alabama from 1927 to 1931 and again from 1935 to 1939 .
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3,680 | Gza ( c . 940 997 ) , also Gejza , was Grand Prince of the Hungarians from the early 970s . He was the son of Grand Prince Taksony and his Oriental Khazar , Pecheneg or Volga Bulgarian wife . He married Sarolt , a daughter of an Orthodox Hungarian chieftain . After ascending the throne , Gza made peace with the Holy Roman Empire . Within Hungary , he consolidated his authority with extreme cruelty , according to the unanimous narration of nearly contemporaneous sources . He was the first Hungarian monarch to support Christian missionaries from Western Europe . Although he was baptised ( his baptismal name was Stephen ) , his Christian faith remained shallow and continued to perform acts of pagan worship . He was succeeded by his son , Stephen who was crowned the first King of Hungary in 1000 or 1001 . Early life Gza was the elder son of Taksony , Grand Prince of the Hungarians . His mother was his father 's wife from the land of the Cumans , according to the anonymous author of the Gesta Hungarorum . This anachronistic reference to the Cumans suggests that she was of Khazar , Pecheneg or Volga Bulgarian origin . The Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus , who listed the descendants of Grand Prince rpd around 950 , did not mention Gza . Even so , Gyula Krist wrote that Gza was born around 940 and the emperor ignored him because of his youth . The genuine form of his name was either unk or unk , which is possibly a diminutive form of the Turkic title yabgu . Gza 's father arranged his marriage with Sarolt a daughter of a Hungarian chieftain called Gyula , who ruled Transylvania independently of the grand prince and had converted to Christianity in Constantinople . Sarolt seems to have also adhered to Orthodox Christianity , according to Bruno of Querfurt 's remark on her languid and muddled Christianity . Reign Gza succeeded his father around 972 . He adopted a centralizing policy , which gave rise to his fame as a merciless ruler . The longer version of his son 's Life even states that Gza 's hands were defiled with blood . Pl Engel wrote that Gza carried out a large scale purge against his relatives , which explains the lack of references to other members of the rpd dynasty from around 972 . Koppny , who continued to rule the southern parts of Transdanubia , is the only exception to this dearth of references . A marriage alliance between the German and Byzantine dynasties brought about a unk between the two powers neighboring Hungary in 972 . Gza decided to make peace with the Holy Roman Empire . First , a monk named Bruno sent by Otto I , Holy Roman Emperor arrived in Hungary around 972 . Hungarian legates were present at a conference held by the emperor in Quedlinburg in 973 . unk , who was strict and cruel , acting in a domineering way , as it were , with his own people , but compassionate and generous with strangers , especially with Christians , although he was still entangled in the rite of paganism . At the approach of the light of spiritual grace , he began to discuss peace attentively with all the neighboring provinces ... Moreover , he laid down a rule that the favor of hospitality and security be shown to all Christians wishing to enter to his domains . He gave clerics and monks leave to enter his presence he offered them a willing hearing , and delighted them in the germination of the seed of true faith sown in the garden of his heart . A record on one Bishop unk in the Abbey of Saint Gall mentions his success in baptising many Hungarians , including their king . The nearly contemporaneous Thietmar of Merseburg confirms that the conversion to Christianity of the pagan Hungarians started under Gza , who became the first Christian ruler of Hungary . His baptismal name was Stephen . However , Gza continued to observe pagan cults , which proves that his conversion to Christianity was never complete . Krist and other historians have said that the first Roman Catholic diocese in Hungary , with its seat in Veszprm , was set up in Gza 's reign , but their view has not been unanimously accepted . A charter issued during his son 's reign states that Gza was the founder of the Benedictine Pannonhalma Archabbey . Gza was very cruel and killed many people because of his quick temper . When he became a Christian , however , he turned his rage against his reluctant subjects , in order to strengthen this faith . Thus , glowing with zeal for God , he washed away his old crimes . He sacrificed both to the omnipotent God and to various false gods . When reproached by his priest for doing so , however , he maintained that the practice had brought him both wealth and great power . Taking advantage of internal conflicts which emerged in the Holy Roman Empire after Emperor Otto I 's death , Gza invaded Bavaria and took the fortress of Melk in 983 . In 991 , the Bavarians launched a counter attack which forced Gza to withdraw Hungarian forces from the territories east of the Vienna Woods . Furthermore , he renounced the lands east of the river Leitha in his peace treaty of 996 with Henry IV of Bavaria . Gza also arranged the marriage of his son and heir Stephen to Henry IV 's sister Giselle . Even before this marriage alliance , Gza convoked the Hungarian leaders to an assembly and forced them to take an oath confirming his son 's right to succeed him . Family Sarolt gave birth to at least three of Gza 's children Stephen , who succeeded his father on the throne , and two unnamed daughters . Sarolt survived Gza , which suggests that she was also the mother of Gza 's daughters . Based on the Polish Hungarian Chronicle , Szabolcs de unk wrote that the daughters ' mother was Gza 's alleged second wife Adelaide ( unk ) of Poland , but this has not been widely accepted . The following family tree presents Gza 's ancestry and his offspring . Whether Menumorut is an actual or an invented person is debated by modern scholars . A Khazar , Pecheneg or Volga Bulgarian lady . Samuel Aba might have been Gza 's grandson instead of his son in law . The Aba family descending from them still flourished in the 14th century .
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3,681 | Heather Bresch ( born Heather Manchin ) is an American business executive and public policy advocate . She is currently the Chief Executive Officer of Mylan , a global pharmaceutical company based in Pennsylvania . She was named one of Fortune Magazine 's 50 Most Powerful Women In Business in 2012 and 2013 . Early life and education Bresch grew up in Fairmont and Farmington , West Virginia in a Catholic Italian American family . Her father , Joe Manchin , was a prominent politician throughout her childhood and is presently the United States Senator from West Virginia . Bresch attended Fairmont Senior High School in Fairmont , West Virginia and graduated from West Virginia University ( WVU ) in 1991 with a bachelor 's degree in political science and international relations . MBA controversy Bresch was an MBA student at West Virginia University until 1998 . In 2007 , the Pittsburgh Post Gazette reported that Bresch had claimed to have an MBA degree from West Virginia University , but the university disputed that . The university subsequently awarded her an MBA despite her not having attained sufficient credits ( 22 out of the required 48 ) . In the ensuing controversy , the university announced in April 2008 that it would rescind Bresch 's degree . Michael Garrison , WVU President at the time , was reported to be a family friend and former business associate of Bresch and a former consultant and lobbyist for Mylan . After a faculty vote of no confidence , Garrison and several university officials subsequently resigned . Career Early work At a WVU basketball game in 1992 , Bresch 's father mentioned his daughter 's job search to Mylan CEO Milan Puskar . The company soon thereafter offered her a low level position in the quality control department of a factory in Morgantown . According to Bresch , she had misgivings about the offer . Her father said she should absolutely take it and try for a year . She took his advice , and started as a clerk , typing labels . She received frequent promotions during the following years , working hard and learning the industry inside out . Government relations and advocacy From 2002 to 2005 , Bresch served as Mylan 's director of government relations . She contributed to the development of the 2003 Medicare Prescription Drug , Improvement , and Modernization Act ( MMA , also known as Medicare Part D ) . When Mylan expanded internationally , Bresch noticed that Mylan 's US based pharmaceutical manufacturing plant had full time staff from the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) devoted to it , whereas facilities abroad had not been inspected by the FDA for more than a decade . Bresch persuaded several of Mylan 's competitors to support what became the Generic Drug User Fee Act , which she proposed to lawmakers in 2010 . Under the law the pharmaceutical industry would pay fees of 300 million in order to fund FDA inspections of foreign drug manufacturing facilities at the same rate as US based facilities . To advocate for the new law , she made regular visits to Washington , D.C. , and sponsored a whitepaper . The Generic Drug User Fee Act of 2012 was passed on July 9 , 2012 and required FDA inspections of pharmaceutical manufacturing locations abroad if they are importing into the US . Bresch has also advocated for broader availability of unk in public places to treat anaphylaxis ( severe allergic reactions ) , and has been active in raising awareness of HIV AIDS treatment in developing nations . She helped facilitate the School Access to Emergency Epinephrine Act , which made epinephrine more accessible in schools . Business executive Heather Bresch served in several executive roles at Mylan , such as Senior Vice President of Corporate Strategic Development , Head of North American Operations , Chief Operating Officer and Chief Integration Officer . Bresch led the integrations of Matrix Laboratories Limited and Merck unk 's unk and specialty pharmaceutical businesses with Mylan 's operations . She was also the chair of the Generic Pharmaceutical Association ( unk ) for two terms . Bresch was appointed President of Mylan in 2009 and joined Mylan 's Board of Directors in March 2011 . Bresch 's appointment as Chief Executive Officer was announced in 2001 and she officially took the position in January 2012 . Bresch was the first female CEO of a large pharmaceutical business . At the time , she was one of 18 female CEOs of a Fortune 500 company . She was ranked 31 in Fortune Magazine 's 2014 50 Most Powerful Women list Bresch initially did not think her role as a female executive was significant . After seeing how few female candidates were available for positions that require a background in science and math , she became more interested in promoting math and science education among young girls . As CEO of Mylan , Bresch continued advocating for more regulation of the pharmaceutical industry by the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) . She was recognized in Esquire 's 2011 Patriots of the Year list for her work pushing for the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act ( unk ) . Under Bresch 's leadership , Mylan made several acquisitions , including a 1 . 6 billion acquisition of unk Specialties . A 5 . 3 billion acquisition of Abbott Laboratories was announced in conjunction with plans to re organize the company in the Netherlands and move its domicile to a country with lower taxes . The New York Times said there was something disconcerting about a company that benefits from large government contracts renouncing their citizenship for tax benefits , but Mylan would eventually save almost 10 percent of its revenues in taxes each year . Bresch said it was a difficult choice to make , but it had to be done to maintain competitiveness against pharmaceutical manufacturers that had already executed similar inversion strategies . Personal life Bresch is married to Jones Day lawyer Jeffrey J. Bresch . She was previously married to West Virginia businessman Douglas Kirby . She lives with her husband and four children in Sewickley Heights , Pennsylvania .
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3,682 | The Battle of Constantinople was fought in June 922 at the outskirts of the capital of the Byzantine Empire , Constantinople , between the forces of the First Bulgarian Empire and the Byzantines during the Byzantine Bulgarian war of 913 927 . In the summer the Byzantine Emperor Romanos I Lekapenos sent troops under the commander Saktikios to repel another Bulgarian raid at the outskirts of the Byzantine capital . The Byzantines stormed the Bulgarian camp but were defeated when they confronted the main Bulgarian forces . During his flight from the battlefield Saktikios was mortally wounded and died the following night . The Bulgarians , who by 922 were in control of most of the Balkans , continued to ravage the Byzantine countryside virtually unopposed . However , they lacked the maritime power to conduct a successful siege of Constantinople . The subsequent attempts to negotiate a Bulgarian Arab alliance for a joint assault of Constantinople were discovered by the Byzantines and successfully countered . The strategic situation in the Balkans remained unchanged until both sides signed a peace treaty in 927 , which recognized the imperial title of the Bulgarian monarchs and the complete independence of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church as an autocephalous Patriarchate . The primary sources for the battle are the continuation of George Hamartolos ' Chronicle and John Skylitzes ' Synopsis of Histories . Background During his short reign the Byzantine emperor Alexander ( r . 912 913 ) provoked a conflict with the Bulgarian monarch Simeon I ( r . 893 927 ) . Simeon I , who had long harboured ambitions to claim an imperial title for himself , took the opportunity to wage war . With the Byzantine Empire in disarray following Alexander 's death in June 913 , the Bulgarians reached Constantinople unopposed and forced the regency of the infant Constantine VII ( r . 913 959 ) to recognize Simeon I as emperor ( in Bulgarian , Tsar ) . Following a palace coup in 914 , the new Byzantine regency revoked the concessions to the Bulgarians and summoned the whole army , including the troops in Asia Minor , to deal with the Bulgarian threat once and all . In the decisive battle of Achelous in 917 the Byzantine forces were completely annihilated , leaving the Bulgarians in charge of the Balkans . Their annual campaigns reached the walls of Constantinople and the Isthmus of Corinth . All subsequent attempts to confront the Bulgarian army at Katasyrtai , Aquae Calidae and Pegae ended in defeat . Despite his military supremacy over land , Simeon I was aware that he needed naval assistance in order to seize Constantinople . In 922 he clandestinely sent envoys to the Fatimid caliph Ubayd Allah al Mahdi Billah in Mahdia to negotiate the assistance of the powerful Arab navy . Simeon I proposed to divide equally all spoils the Bulgarians were to keep Constantinople and the Fatimids would gain the Byzantine territories in Sicily and South Italy . The battle To distract the Byzantine attention from the secret negotiations with the Arabs , in the summer of 922 the Bulgarians launched a campaign in Eastern Thrace . They captured and garrisoned a number of fortified towns in the region , including Bizye . In June they reached the outskirts of Constantinople and burned the Palace of Theodora , situated on the shores of the Golden Horn . In response , emperor Romanos I Lekapenos ( r . 920 944 ) summoned the commanders of the tagmata on a feast and urged them to confront the Bulgarians . The following day one of them , Saktikios , led the assault against the Bulgarians . While most of the Bulgarian soldiers were dispersed to loot the countryside , the Byzantines attacked the Bulgarian camp and slaughtered the few defenders left there . When the main Bulgarian forces were informed about the attack , they headed back to the camp to engage the opponents . In the ensuing heavy struggle the Bulgarians prevailed and forced the Byzantines to flee despite the personal courage of Saktikios , who the Byzantine chroniclers claim to have killed many . During the flight , the horse of Saktikios got stuck in the mud of a river and the Byzantine commander was wounded in the seat and the thigh . His soldiers managed to free the horse from the mud and to bring him to the Blachernae alive . Saktikios was laid in the Church of St. Mary of Blachernae , where he died the following night . Aftermath After the victory Simeon I sent letters to the Ecumenical Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos and Romanos ' co emperor Constantine VII to propose peace negotiations . However , his intention was to prolong the negotiations until the return of his envoys to the Fatimids . While Simeon I and Nicholas Mystikos exchanged letters the military actions continued . In a few weeks the Bulgarian army captured Adrianople , the most important city in Byzantine Thrace . The fall of Adrianople raised fears in Constantinople that a Bulgarian assault of the city was imminent . The Byzantines tried to intimidate Simeon I by threatening to incite the Magyars , the Pechenegs and Kievan Rus ' to attack Bulgaria from the north east , as they had done in the war of 894 896 . Simeon I knew that these were empty words because the Byzantine Empire was in no position to carry out these threats . In the meantime , the Bulgarian envoys received a warm welcome by al Mahdi . The Fatimid caliph accepted the Bulgarian terms and sent his own emissaries to Simeon I. However , on the way back their ship was captured by the Byzantines , who managed to outbid the Bulgarians and distract a Fatimid attack . The Bulgarians remained in control of most of the Balkans , annexing Byzantium 's ally Serbia in 924 , but without naval support were unable to launch a decisive attack on Constantinople . The war continued until the death of Simeon I in 927 , when his son Peter I ( r . 927 969 ) concluded a peace treaty with the Byzantines , who recognized the imperial title of the Bulgarian monarchs and the complete independence of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church as an autocephalous Patriarchate in return for most of Simeon I 's conquests in Thrace after 917 .
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3,683 | The Juice Is Loose is the ninth episode of the seventh season of the animated television series Family Guy . It originally aired on March 15 , 2009 on Fox . In the episode , Peter cashes in an old raffle ticket from 1989 and wins a golf outing with O. J. Simpson . When he befriends Simpson and brings him home to meet the family , the residents of Quahog are not as welcoming of the infamous running back and try to force him out of town . The episode was written by Andrew Goldberg and directed by Cyndi Tang . According to Nielsen ratings , the episode was viewed in 7 . 21 million homes in its original airing . The episode received negative reviews for its use of a three minute long live action segment of Conway Twitty . Series regular Mike Henry provided the voice of O.J. Simpson , Cathy unk Ryan guest starred as Fred Goldman 's wife in a cutaway , and Jeff Bergman guest starred as a parody of Homer Simpson . Plot According to an opening title card , this is one of several recently discovered lost episodes found in the Griffin family basement it takes place in March 2007 , prior to O. J. Simpson 's September 2007 arrest for armed robbery . Lois goes to her book club and forces Peter to babysit Stewie . Instead , he invites Cleveland , Quagmire and Joe and they all play Truth or Dare , which results in a make out session between Cleveland and Joe . After a fiasco involving Stewie attempting to fix their satellite TV , Stewie ends up getting stuck on the roof , due to Peter 's lack of supervision . Brian tries to tell Peter but he does not listen and instead reads a magazine featuring Nick Jonas . After Peter starts a pillow fight that turns violent , Lois comes in , furious at Peter for leaving Stewie on the roof . Peter attempts to go fix the satellite himself , at which point he comes across a raffle ticket from 1989 that he had forgotten to cash in , winning him a chance to play golf with O. J. Simpson . Unaware of Simpson 's accusation for the murders of his wife and his wife 's friend Ron , he grows fearful after Joe convinces him to walk around town with the song Dust in the Wind while thinking about the murders . Ultimately deciding to cash in the ticket , his friends suggest he spy on Simpson during the golf game and try to get him to confess to the murders . Hooking Peter to a wire , his cover is blown when the device shorts out . Simpson laments having lost a chance of escaping the accusation . Feeling guilty , Peter decides that Simpson is actually innocent , and decides to befriend him . Peter brings Simpson home with him to meet the family , who are initially less tolerant of Simpson than Peter . Brian tries to tell Peter that he should not trust Simpson just because he idolized him as a kid but Peter refuses . Deciding to let Simpson stay at their house , word soon gets out of Simpson 's presence in Quahog , causing Peter to decide to throw a house party and help everyone else get to know him better . Later that day , Peter and Simpson are met with an angry mob instead led by Mayor Adam West , intent on driving the latter out of town . Desperate for a place to live without being bothered by furious citizens , Simpson makes a heartfelt speech , professing that he is just as imperfect as everyone else , causing the residents of Quahog to apologize and embrace with him . A split second later , however , the tables turn to a surprise ending as Simpson takes out a knife and kills three people before running off . A furious mob goes on to chase after Simpson , as the Griffins look on , with Peter , wearing a guilty disappointed look , indifferently declaring , I guess he did do it . Production The Juice Is Loose was written by Andrew Goldberg and directed by Cyndi Tang . The writing process began when Goldberg was creator Seth MacFarlane 's assistant and was given a freelance episode . He wrote Believe It or Not , Joe 's Walking on Air , and executive producer David A. Goodman thought he did a fantastic job . Goldberg submitted a three page list of ideas for his next episode , and MacFarlane especially liked the story for The Juice Is Loose . They had to add a title card in the beginning of the episode saying that it was a lost episode , as O.J. Simpson was sent to jail before the episode aired . The episode features a three minute long segment of an archive video of Conway Twitty performing I See the Want To in Your Eyes , and executive producer Chris Sheridan had to explain to the Fox executives why the segment should be featured in the episode . Series regular Mike Henry provided the voice of O.J. Simpson in the episode , and Cathy unk Ryan guest starred as Fred Goldman 's wife in a cutaway gag . In addition to Henry and Ryan , actors Reid Bruton , Jules Green , Augie unk , unk Lind guest starred in the episode . Recurring voice actors Jeff Bergman , Max Burkholder , Ralph Garman , writer Danny Smith , writer Alec Sulkin , and writer John Viener made minor appearances in the episode . Reception In its original airing on March 15 , 2009 , The Juice is Loose was watched by 7 . 21 million households and acquired a 3 . 6 rating in the 18 49 demographic . It was the most watched show in the Animation Domination block , surpassing The Simpsons , American Dad and King of the Hill . The episode received mixed reviews from television sources and critics . Ahsan Haque of IGN gave The Juice Is Loose 5 . 5 10 , saying that the episode was a largely forgettable episode with only a few moments of brilliance . The review criticized the usage of a three minute long Conway Twitty live action singing clip which was received as an effort to reduce the amount of animation ... for the episode . Alex Rocha of TV Guide said that he did enjoy this episode but called the Conway Twitty clip a filler and that he would have wanted to see a blank screen or even commercials instead . Steve Heisler of The A.V. Club stated that the episode relied on an overabundance of pop culture riffs far too dated to elicit much more than a brief chuckle , and also criticized the Conway Twitty clip . He graded The Juice Is Loose a C .
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3,684 | The Battle of Constantinople was fought in June 922 at the outskirts of the capital of the Byzantine Empire , Constantinople , between the forces of the First Bulgarian Empire and the Byzantines during the Byzantine Bulgarian war of 913 927 . In the summer the Byzantine Emperor Romanos I Lekapenos sent troops under the commander Saktikios to repel another Bulgarian raid at the outskirts of the Byzantine capital . The Byzantines stormed the Bulgarian camp but were defeated when they confronted the main Bulgarian forces . During his flight from the battlefield Saktikios was mortally wounded and died the following night . The Bulgarians , who by 922 were in control of most of the Balkans , continued to ravage the Byzantine countryside virtually unopposed . However , they lacked the maritime power to conduct a successful siege of Constantinople . The subsequent attempts to negotiate a Bulgarian Arab alliance for a joint assault of Constantinople were discovered by the Byzantines and successfully countered . The strategic situation in the Balkans remained unchanged until both sides signed a peace treaty in 927 , which recognized the imperial title of the Bulgarian monarchs and the complete independence of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church as an autocephalous Patriarchate . The primary sources for the battle are the continuation of George Hamartolos ' Chronicle and John Skylitzes ' Synopsis of Histories . Background During his short reign the Byzantine emperor Alexander ( r . 912 913 ) provoked a conflict with the Bulgarian monarch Simeon I ( r . 893 927 ) . Simeon I , who had long harboured ambitions to claim an imperial title for himself , took the opportunity to wage war . With the Byzantine Empire in disarray following Alexander 's death in June 913 , the Bulgarians reached Constantinople unopposed and forced the regency of the infant Constantine VII ( r . 913 959 ) to recognize Simeon I as emperor ( in Bulgarian , Tsar ) . Following a palace coup in 914 , the new Byzantine regency revoked the concessions to the Bulgarians and summoned the whole army , including the troops in Asia Minor , to deal with the Bulgarian threat once and all . In the decisive battle of Achelous in 917 the Byzantine forces were completely annihilated , leaving the Bulgarians in charge of the Balkans . Their annual campaigns reached the walls of Constantinople and the Isthmus of Corinth . All subsequent attempts to confront the Bulgarian army at Katasyrtai , Aquae Calidae and Pegae ended in defeat . Despite his military supremacy over land , Simeon I was aware that he needed naval assistance in order to seize Constantinople . In 922 he clandestinely sent envoys to the Fatimid caliph Ubayd Allah al Mahdi Billah in Mahdia to negotiate the assistance of the powerful Arab navy . Simeon I proposed to divide equally all spoils the Bulgarians were to keep Constantinople and the Fatimids would gain the Byzantine territories in Sicily and South Italy . The battle To distract the Byzantine attention from the secret negotiations with the Arabs , in the summer of 922 the Bulgarians launched a campaign in Eastern Thrace . They captured and garrisoned a number of fortified towns in the region , including Bizye . In June they reached the outskirts of Constantinople and burned the Palace of Theodora , situated on the shores of the Golden Horn . In response , emperor Romanos I Lekapenos ( r . 920 944 ) summoned the commanders of the tagmata on a feast and urged them to confront the Bulgarians . The following day one of them , Saktikios , led the assault against the Bulgarians . While most of the Bulgarian soldiers were dispersed to loot the countryside , the Byzantines attacked the Bulgarian camp and slaughtered the few defenders left there . When the main Bulgarian forces were informed about the attack , they headed back to the camp to engage the opponents . In the ensuing heavy struggle the Bulgarians prevailed and forced the Byzantines to flee despite the personal courage of Saktikios , who the Byzantine chroniclers claim to have killed many . During the flight , the horse of Saktikios got stuck in the mud of a river and the Byzantine commander was wounded in the seat and the thigh . His soldiers managed to free the horse from the mud and to bring him to the Blachernae alive . Saktikios was laid in the Church of St. Mary of Blachernae , where he died the following night . Aftermath After the victory Simeon I sent letters to the Ecumenical Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos and Romanos ' co emperor Constantine VII to propose peace negotiations . However , his intention was to prolong the negotiations until the return of his envoys to the Fatimids . While Simeon I and Nicholas Mystikos exchanged letters the military actions continued . In a few weeks the Bulgarian army captured Adrianople , the most important city in Byzantine Thrace . The fall of Adrianople raised fears in Constantinople that a Bulgarian assault of the city was imminent . The Byzantines tried to intimidate Simeon I by threatening to incite the Magyars , the Pechenegs and Kievan Rus ' to attack Bulgaria from the north east , as they had done in the war of 894 896 . Simeon I knew that these were empty words because the Byzantine Empire was in no position to carry out these threats . In the meantime , the Bulgarian envoys received a warm welcome by al Mahdi . The Fatimid caliph accepted the Bulgarian terms and sent his own emissaries to Simeon I. However , on the way back their ship was captured by the Byzantines , who managed to outbid the Bulgarians and distract a Fatimid attack . The Bulgarians remained in control of most of the Balkans , annexing Byzantium 's ally Serbia in 924 , but without naval support were unable to launch a decisive attack on Constantinople . The war continued until the death of Simeon I in 927 , when his son Peter I ( r . 927 969 ) concluded a peace treaty with the Byzantines , who recognized the imperial title of the Bulgarian monarchs and the complete independence of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church as an autocephalous Patriarchate in return for most of Simeon I 's conquests in Thrace after 917 .
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3,685 | Terma is the ninth episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series The X Files . It premiered on the Fox network on December 1 , 1996 . It was directed by Rob Bowman , and written by Frank Spotnitz and series creator Chris Carter . Terma featured guest appearances by John Neville , Nicholas Lea and Fritz Weaver . The episode helped explore the series ' overarching mythology . Terma earned a Nielsen household rating of 10 . 3 , being watched by 17 . 34 million viewers during its original airing . FBI special agent Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) and assistant director Walter Skinner ( Mitch Pileggi ) attend a United States Senate hearing , while Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) attempts to escape from a Russian gulag . Terma is a two part episode , continuing the plot from the previous episode , Tunguska . Several scenes in Terma were inspired by the novels of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn , while its tagline changed to E pur si muove from the usual The truth is out there is a reference to Galileo Galilei 's investigation by the Roman Inquisition . Terma features a climactic explosion at an oil refinery wellhead , requiring the physical effects staff to ignite a 300 feet ( 91 m ) plume of flammable liquids . Plot Having been imprisoned in a gulag in Krasnoyarsk , Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) learns that Alex Krycek ( Nicholas Lea ) is a double agent working for the Russian taskmasters . Mulder is able to escape from the camp while taking Krycek hostage , although the two become separated in the confusion . Krycek is found by a group of men whose left arms have all been amputated , and has his arm forcibly severed to prevent his involvements in black oil vaccination tests . Meanwhile , Vasily Peskow ( Jan unk ) , a former KGB agent , has come out of retirement and traveled to America . While there , he assassinates Bonita unk Sayre , a doctor working for the Syndicate to develop a black oil vaccine . From here , Peskow tracks down unk Sayre 's test subjects , testing a Russian vaccine on them before killing them to cover his tracks . Mulder has been able to return to America with the help of a group of Russian peasants , and rejoins his partner Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) . Scully and assistant director Walter Skinner ( Mitch Pileggi ) had been detained by a United States Senate committee seeking to uncover Mulder 's whereabouts , but the committee was adjourned upon Mulder 's arrival . The agents attempt to track down Peskow , following a trail of murders in Boca Raton , Florida . However , the assassin is able to outwit the agents , and destroys the last of the oil containing rocks seen in the previous episode in an oil well explosion . He returns to Russia , where it is revealed that he had been hired for this task by Krycek . Production The episode 's title refers to unk , a set of Buddhist teachings hidden from the world . Series creator Chris Carter felt these represented the secrets kept by the Syndicate . The opening credits of the episode saw the series ' usual tagline of The truth is out there replaced with E pur si muove . The phrase , Italian for and yet , it moves , is attributed to astronomer Galileo Galilei , when forced by the Roman Inquisition to denounce his belief in heliocentrism . The episode 's gulag scenes were inspired by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 's novels The Gulag Archipelago ( 1973 ) and One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich ( 1963 ) . Shots of the oil refinery seen in the episode were filmed at a thermal energy station situated in Port Moody , British Columbia . The climactic oil well explosion was achieved through physical effects , with crew member Dave Gauthier building a replica wellhead in a disused rock quarry , through which liquid was piped at pressures of 250 pounds per square inch ( 1 , 700 , 000 Pa ) to create a plume 300 feet ( 91 m ) high . This wellhead was rigged to spray oil colored water for shots of the plume itself , which was switched with a remote control to a stream of kerosene and liquid propane for the shots involving the oil catching fire . Actor Nicholas Lea , who plays recurring character Alex Krycek , worked with a Russian speaking vocal coach to ensure that his dialogue was delivered with the correct accent and stresses . Malcolm Stewart , who portrayed NASA scientist Dr. Sacks in the episode , had previously appeared in several earlier episodes of the series , including Pilot , the second season episode 3 , and the third season 's Avatar . Carter has called Terma , along with its companion piece Tunguska , an action piece from beginning to end . Reception Terma premired on the Fox network on December 1 , 1996 , and was first broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC Two on November 4 , 1997 . The episode earned a Nielsen household rating of 10 . 6 with a 15 share , meaning that roughly 10 . 6 percent of all television equipped households , and 15 percent of households watching television , were tuned in to the episode . A total of 17 . 34 million viewers watched this episode during its original airing . Writing for The A.V. Club , Zack Handlen rated the episode a B , finding that it contained too much vamping for time , without enough focus on any of the individual plot threads . Handlen felt that the plot thread based on the murder of the Well Manicured Man 's doctor friend should have been the episode 's focus , and derided the pomposity of the dialogue elsewhere in the episode . Based on an advance viewing of the episode 's script , Entertainment Weekly rated Terma an A , praising the arms race plotline . Robert Shearman and Lars Pearson , in their book Wanting to Believe A Critical Guide to The X Files , Millennium The Lone Gunmen , rated Terma one star out of five , comparing it unfavourably with the previous episode . Shearman and Pearson described the episode as awful , noting that there is virtually no structure to it at all . The episode 's dialogue was described as being dreadful , boring and facile , with its long , clumsy lines and ever more complex and ever less interesting speeches .
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3,686 | Tropical Storm Laura was a large but short lived tropical cyclone that developed over the north central Atlantic Ocean in late September during the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season . The 12th named storm of the season , Laura formed out of a large extratropical area of low pressure located about 1015 miles ( 1635 km ) west of the Azores on September 29 . Laura slowly developed tropical characteristics throughout the day as it moved over warmer waters . On the afternoon of September 30 , Laura had acquired enough tropical characteristics to be designated a Tropical Storm . Shortly after being declared tropical , Laura began to undergo an extratropical transition , which did not fully take place until the morning of October 1 . Laura degenerated into a post tropical cyclone later that morning , and the final advisory by the National Hurricane Center was issued . The remnants of Laura contributed to heavy rainfall and power outages in the British Isles , the Netherlands , and Norway on October 5 to 8 . Meteorological history On September 26 , an extratropical area of low pressure developed along a quasi stationary frontal system a few hundred miles west of the Azores . The low intensified into the equivalent of a Category 1 hurricane with winds of 80 mph ( 130 km h ) at 12 00 UTC on September 27 . Over the following days , the low began to lose its frontal features and began to transition into a subtropical cyclone as it traveled in a general westward direction . By September 29 , the low had developed sufficient convection and was declared Subtropical Storm Laura . Upon being upgraded , cold cloud tops began to wrap around the center of Laura and consolidate near the center of circulation . The convection organized around the center quickly and a satellite pass over the storm revealed that it could be intensifying . A later satellite pass disregarded the possibility of intensification as the intensity was confirmed to be at 60 mph ( 95 km h ) . The overall structure of Laura remained subtropical but there were indications that it was acquiring tropical characteristics . During the afternoon , satellites revealed that Laura had developed a deep warm core , a characteristic of a tropical cyclone , but the wind field remained subtropical in nature . By the nighttime hours , the radius of the strongest winds contracted to 80 mi ( 130 km ) , much smaller than what is typical of a subtropical cyclone . However , Laura was still under the influence of an upper level low and cloud tops remained shallow . However , the cloud tops became colder overnight and Laura was on the verge of becoming a tropical cyclone by the morning of September 30 , but strong interaction with the upper level low meant it was still subtropical . Despite moving over colder waters , a water vapor satellite image determined that Laura had separated itself from the upper level low , signifying it had developed into a tropical cyclone . Laura was re classified as a tropical storm at a relatively high latitude , 40 . 6 N. Not long after being declared tropical , early signs of an extratropical transition appeared . Cold air began to enter the storm on the west side and forecast models showed Laura becoming extratropical the next morning and non tropical later the next day . Overnight , convection associated with Laura began to diminish and lose tropical characteristics , but still retained its status . Early on October 1 , the extratropical transition was fully apparent . Laura remained tropical but the cloud pattern was becoming frontal and there was little convection around the center of the system . With minimal shower and thunderstorm activity remaining around the center of Laura , the storm degenerated into a remnant low pressure area on October 1 while still producing tropical storm force winds . The next day , the remnant system transitioned into an extratropical cyclone and began to re intensify as it rapidly tracked towards the north . Early on October 3 , the system slowed down as it turned towards the east and strengthened into a hurricane force cyclone with winds of 75 mph ( 120 km h ) . After accelerating towards the east , another large extratropical cyclone absorbed the remnants of Laura while located several hundred miles west of the British Isles on October 4 . Impact As a tropical cyclone , Laura never approached land , and no damages or fatalities occurred . Since the storm remained over open waters for most of its life , several ships and oil platforms recorded tropical storm force winds . The highest recorded winds were at an oil platform with the call sign unk at 03 00 UTC on October 1 . Winds were recorded up to 47 knots ( 54 mph 87 km h ) . Despite the lack of impact , the storm 's remnants were caught in an upper level jet stream , and steered towards Europe . There , they contributed to heavy rainfall across portions of Britain on October 5 , causing localized accumulation of flood waters . As a result , Glebe Road near Windermere , England was closed in both directions , and along the unk road between Old Hutton and Kirkby Lonsdale , previously saturated soil , combined with overwhelmed storm drains resulted in localized flooding . Traffic on the M6 Motorway was slowed due to poor driving conditions . One person had to be rescued from her car after driving into a flooded street . The UK Environment Agency issued 76 flood watches and 21 severe flood warnings as a result of the rainfall . On October 8 , the remnants of Laura reached the Netherlands . At the time , its rain bands began interacting with a cold front associated with a well developed low west of Norway , dropping up to 113 mm ( 4 . 4 in ) of precipitation in the northwestern Netherlands . Consequently , streets and homes in the village of unk were reportedly inundated . The large amounts of precipitation broke the daily and monthly rainfall records for October , which were previously set in 2006 . Gradually passing through Norway , the remnants of the storm caused significant damage to electric utilities . As a result , more than 10 , 000 people lost power in southern parts of the country .
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3,687 | Hugo von Pohl ( 25 August 1855 23 February 1916 ) was a German admiral who served during the First World War . He joined the Navy in 1872 and served in various capacities , including with the new torpedo boats in the 1880s , and in the Reichsmarineamt ( Imperial Navy Office ) in the 1890s . He eventually reached the rank of Vizeadmiral and held the position of Chief of the Admiralty Staff in 1913 . He commanded the German High Seas Fleet from February 1915 until January 1916 . As the commander of the surface fleet , he was exceedingly cautious , and did not engage the High Seas Fleet in any actions with the British Grand Fleet . Pohl was an outspoken advocate of unrestricted submarine warfare , and he put the policy into effect once he took command of the fleet on 4 February 1915 . Seriously ill from liver cancer by January 1916 , Pohl was replaced by Reinhard Scheer that month . Pohl died a month later . Biography Early career Hugo von Pohl was born in Breslau , Prussian Silesia , on 25 August 1855 . He entered the Kaiserliche Marine ( Imperial Navy ) as a cadet in April 1872 . At the age of 24 , Pohl was promoted and given command of the sailing corvette SMS Carola . In the 1880s , he served with then Korvettenkapitn Alfred von Tirpitz in his so called Torpedo Gang , which advocated a greater emphasis on torpedo boats in the German fleet . Pohl took command of the spar torpedo vessel Ulan , an early , experimental torpedo boat , in 1882 . Two years later , in late September 1884 , he was involved in an experiment with new torpedo boat designs from Schichau , Thornycroft , AG Vulcan , and AG Weser Pohl commanded one of the Schichau boats . During the exercises , Pohl 's boat collided with the boat commanded by August von Heeringen . The former 's boat sprung a leak , while the latter 's rudder was damaged , but both safely returned to port . By the 1890s , Pohl had been transferred to the Reichsmarineamt ( Imperial Navy Office ) , where he would again work with Tirpitz after the latter was appointed as the State Secretary of the Navy . In 1900 , Pohl was assigned to the fleet that was sent to China to help suppress the Boxer Rebellion . While in China , he commanded the protected cruiser SMS Hansa , which bombarded the Taku Forts . In May of that year , Pohl was promoted to Korvettenkapitn . He was promoted to the rank of Konteradmiral in 1906 . Thereafter he served as the commander of the reconnaissance forces of the German fleet . Pohl was promoted again , to Vizeadmiral , in January 1913 . That year , he was elevated to the nobility and , in April , became the Chief of the Admiralty Staff , a position he would hold for two years . As Chief of the Admiralty Staff , Pohl was involved in the German deliberations during the July Crisis in the aftermath of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Serbian terrorists the previous month . Pohl , Helmuth von Moltke , the Chief of the German General Staff , and Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg , the Chancellor , met the Kaiser after the monarch returned from a cruise to Norway with the bulk of the High Seas Fleet . Pohl and the others were present at several meetings with the Kaiser , which ultimately produced the blank check Wilhelm II extended to Austria Hungary this decision ultimately helped to push Europe into the First World War by the end of the month . First World War At the outbreak of war , Pohl , along with Georg von Mller , the Chief of the Imperial Naval Cabinet , and Friedrich von Ingenohl , the commander of the High Seas Fleet , believed that since the war would be over quickly , the fleet should be preserved intact . Together , they agreed that the fleet should be restrained to provide local defense of the German coast , rather than seek a decisive battle against the numerically superior British Grand Fleet . Pohl argued that U boats should be used to attack British merchant shipping . He pushed for fewer restrictions on the conduct of the commerce war beginning in late 1914 he further advocated abandoning the cruiser rules that handicapped the German effort , in favor of unrestricted submarine warfare . He presented his first plans for an unlimited commerce war in November 1914 , but these were rejected by the Kaiser and Bethmann Hollweg so as not to antagonize neutral nations , in particular the United States . After the Battle of Dogger Bank , Pohl replaced Ingenohl as commander of the High Seas Fleet throughout his tenure as its commander , Pohl adopted a very cautious strategy in order to preserve the strength of the fleet . Pohl was a controversial choice to replace Ingenohl , in large part owing to his caution with the employment of the surface fleet . Two days after taking command , on 4 February 1915 , Pohl gave the order to use unrestricted submarine warfare against the Allies he had managed to convince Bethmann Hollweg by falsely promising him that U boat commanders could distinguish between enemy and neutral steamers , and thus avoid provoking the United States . The policy was short lived , however , as on 7 May 1915 , the U boat U 20 torpedoed and sank the passenger liner RMS Lusitania , causing a diplomatic crisis with the United States . To avoid drawing America into the war , Germany reinstated restrictions on the U boat fleet . Aboard his flagship , SMS Friedrich der Grosse , Pohl conducted a series of short operations into the North Sea over the course of 1915 . None of these operations ventured outside of the southern end of the North Sea , and the fleet never encountered any British forces . Pohl became seriously ill from liver cancer on 8 January 1916 and was taken to a hospital ship . He was subsequently moved to Berlin for surgery . He was relieved of command due to his poor health on 23 January his replacement as fleet commander was Reinhard Scheer . Pohl died a month later , on 23 February . Shortly before his death , he was awarded the Order of the Red Eagle with oak leaves and swords for his command of the fleet . In 1920 , Pohl 's widow Ella published some of his papers in an effort to defend his reputation from postwar criticisms .
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3,688 | Richard ( died 1184 ) was a medieval Benedictine monk and Archbishop of Canterbury . Employed by Thomas Becket immediately before Becket 's death , Richard arranged for Becket to be buried in Canterbury Cathedral and eventually succeeded Becket at Canterbury in a contentious election . Much of Richard 's time as archbishop was spent in a dispute with Roger de Pont L 'Evque , the Archbishop of York over the primacy of England , and with St Augustine 's Abbey in Canterbury over the archbishop 's jurisdiction over the abbey . Richard had better relations with King Henry II of England than Becket had , and was employed by the king on diplomatic affairs . Richard also had the trust of the papacy , and served as a judge for the papacy . Several of his questions to Pope Alexander III were collected into the Decretals , a collection of ecclesiastical laws , and his patronage of canon lawyers did much to advance the study of canon law in England . Early life Richard was born in Normandy and became a monk at Canterbury , and a chaplain to Theobald of Bec , the Archbishop of Canterbury . At some point , he received an education , but it is not known where or who he studied with . The first notice of him in history is as a monk at Christ Church . He was a colleague of Thomas Becket while they both worked for Theobald . In 1157 he was appointed prior of St. Martin 's priory in Dover . St. Martin 's was a Benedictine priory and a dependent house of Christ Church Cathedral Priory in Canterbury , the cathedral chapter of the archbishops of Canterbury . Right before Becket 's death Richard was employed by Becket to meet with Henry the Young King , but was unsuccessful in the attempt . After Becket 's death , Richard took charge of Becket 's body , and arranged for an immediate burial in Canterbury Cathedral . Archbishop In 1173 , more than two years after the murder of Becket , King Henry II of England decided to fill the vacant archbishopric of Canterbury there were two candidates Richard , and Odo , prior of Canterbury . Previously , Roger , the abbot of Bec Abbey , had been elected , but refused the office . On 3 June 1173 , Richard was chosen , although the monks preferred Odo . Both sides appealed to Rome , and Richard journeyed to Rome with Reginald fitz Jocelin , who had recently been elected Bishop of Bath , to rebut the charges of simony , illegitimate birth , and swearing an oath to the king that had been raised . After hearing the charges , they were dismissed and the election was ratified on 2 April 1174 and on 7 April 1174 the new archbishop was consecrated at Anagni by Pope Alexander III . Richard returned to England at the close of the year bearing his pallium which he had received directly from the pope . He was also granted legatine powers by Alexander III . Richard clashed with Roger de Pont L 'Evque , the Archbishop of York , over the respective rights of the two sees throughout his time as archbishop . In 1175 , at a council held in London , there was a fight between their supporters . King Henry II managed to secure a truce for five years between the two archbishops but Richard was soon embroiled in another dispute . This one was with Roger , abbot of St Augustine 's Abbey in Canterbury and revolved around whether or not the abbey depended directly on the pope or if the archbishop had jurisdictional rights over the abbey . In the end , the papacy arranged a settlement that left the abbey dependent on the pope direct , but gave the archbishop spiritual authority over the churches of the Isle of Thanet , which had previously been held by the abbey . Richard 's time as archbishop was much less stormy than Becket 's had been , and he seems to have had better relations with the king . Richard attended the royal councils , and more than once was with the king in Normandy . Richard was less dogmatic on the rights of the clergy than his great predecessor had been but his compromises were regarded by the monastic writers and the followers of Becket as a sign of weakness . Pope Alexander III took Richard to task when Richard acquiesced in the election of bishops taking place in the royal chapel . As part of his diplomatic efforts on the king 's behalf , Richard escorted Henry 's daughter Joan to Provence on her journey in 1176 to marry King William II of Sicily . Richard also spent part of 1177 in Flanders on diplomatic business for King Henry . Patronage , death and legacy Richard attracted canon lawyers to his household , including Gerard la Pucelle , Peter of Blois , and Henry unk of Northampton , all of whom advised him on legal matters . At the Council of Westminster that Richard convened in May 1175 , nineteen canons were put forth , dealing with clerical marriage , the oversupply of ordained clergy , the behaviour of the clergy and their dress and tonsure , and simony . Another canon dealt with clandestine marriages and regulated child marriages . He was also heavily involved with trying judicial cases , both in the actual judgment as well as in the execution of judgments made by others . Four of his questions to Alexander III entered the Decretals and the other collections of canon law of the 13th century . Richard died at Halling , Kent on 16 February 1184 of colic and was buried in his cathedral . A. L. Poole , the historian , felt that Richard was a feeble and ineffective person . Frank Barlow , another historian , calls him a blameless mediocrity . Richard of Ilchester , a fellow bishop , held that it was Richard of Dover 's defects that prevented the English Church from profiting more from Becket 's martyrdom . However , Richard did much to promote the use of canon law throughout England . Richard was also active in using his legatine powers to interfere in monastic affairs , deposing the abbot of Peterborough Abbey in 1175 and threatening to visit other monastic houses that were exempt from episcopal interference to regulate the monastic affairs . On a more domestic note , Richard was held to have been an able steward of the estates of Canterbury , very much interested in increasing production . He was held to be a pious and gentle man .
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3,689 | Hurricane Hernan was the ninth tropical depression , eighth named storm , fifth hurricane , and first major hurricane of the 2008 Pacific hurricane season . Hernan developed out of a tropical wave that formed off the east coast of Africa on July 24 . Over the next week , the wave traversed the Atlantic without development and entered the Eastern Pacific basin on August 2 . The wave became better organized over the next several days and was declared Tropical Depression Nine E on August 6 . The depression quickly became Tropical Storm Hernan later that day . Hernan steadily intensified over the next two days and was upgraded to a hurricane on the morning of August 8 . Hernan continued to intensify and became the first major hurricane a storm with winds of 111 mph ( 178 km h ) or higher of the season on August 9 . After reaching major hurricane status , Hernan steadily weakened to a minimal hurricane . The weakening continued , and Hernan was further downgraded to a tropical storm on August 11 . As Hernan moved over cold waters , the convection associated with the storm dissipated , leaving only a swirl of clouds . By the morning of August 12 , almost all of the convection associated with Hernan had dissipated and the system was declared a remnant low pressure area . The remnants of the hurricane caused light rain to Hawaii . Origins On July 24 , a tropical wave emerged from the east coast of Africa , near the Cape Verde Islands . The wave was disorganized and failed to develop convection as it traversed the Atlantic Ocean over the next several days . The wave eventually entered the Eastern Pacific basin on August 2 , and interacted with a broad area of cyclonic flow located a few hundred miles south of Mexico . The wave became better organized throughout the day , and an area of low pressure formed 660 mi ( 1060 km ) south of Manzanillo , Mexico on August 5 . Strong convection began to develop . That day , a banding feature formed On the morning of August 6 , a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert was issued . Later in the day , the National Hurricane Center determined that the system had developed sufficient convection to be declared Tropical Depression Nine E while located 775 mi ( 1230 km ) to the south southwest of the southern tip of Baja California Sur . However , the storm was operationally believed to have become a depression several hours later . Tropical Depression Nine E was influenced by a high pressure area located over Mexico , causing it to move 16 mph ( 26 km h ) to the north west . The depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Hernan overnight as the storm became more organized . Although Hernan was located over warm waters , moderate wind shear prevented the storm from intensifying quickly , and the storm slowed . Hernan slowly became better organized throughout the night , but wind shear continued to impair Hernan through the morning as a result , most of the tropical cyclone forecast models did not predict Hernan to become a hurricane . Intensification and peak strength In the early afternoon , an eye feature began to form subsequently , Hernan was nearing hurricane status . However , by the nighttime hours , a microwave satellite found that the center of Hernan was located to the west southwest of the eye feature , and the intensification ceased for the rest of the day and into the morning of August 8 . Later in the morning , the center of Hernan was determined to be located underneath the eye and was determined to have become a hurricane , the fifth of the season , during the afternoon of August 8 . Throughout the day , the eye became better defined , indicating that moderate northeasterly wind shear had already begun to diminish . Despite a cloud filled eye , meteorologists showed Hernan peaking as a Category 2 hurricane overnight . Early on August 9 , Hernan was upgraded to a Category 2 hurricane , with winds of 100 mph ( 155 km h ) . Convection around the eye continued become more symmetrical , though the National Hurricane Center had stated that Hernan had most likely reached its peak intensity or was very close to doing so . However , the eye suddenly became better defined . Based on this , Hernan was upgraded to a major hurricane . The intensity of Hernan was uncertain , as there was some difference between intensity estimates . Hernan maintained its appearance through the evening and it was stated that the peak intensity of the storm may have been 125 mph ( 205 km h ) . Overnight , Hernan moved over cooler waters and started to weaken . Although the eye remained well defined , outflow to all the southwestern semicircle became poor . Weakening and dissipation Hernan rapidly weakened overnight and was barely a Category 2 in the afternoon hours of August 10 as it moved over cooler waters . The erosion of the eyewall was later found to be caused by an eyewall replacement cycle that rapidly completed itself during the afternoon . Continuing to slowly weaken , Hernan was soon downgraded to a strong Category 1 . The newly formed eye began to shrink and deteriorate through the early afternoon , but Hernan briefly stopped weakening . Initially , Hernan 's strong circulation allowed it to maintain hurricane status over 24 C waters . Early on August 11 , Hernan was downgraded to a tropical storm . Deep convection diminished around the center of the storm and by August 12 , almost all of the deep convection dissipated as Hernan continued to weaken . Over 23 C water , only a swirl of clouds remained and the storm was barely a tropical system . Later that night , Hernan had degenerated into a remnant low , and the final advisory was issued by the National Hurricane Center . The remnant low still retained tropical storm force winds for a short while before weakening further by the next morning . The low moved towards the west southwest over the next several days before dissipating 460 mi ( 740 km ) southeast of the Island of Hawaii on August 16 . The remnant low pressure area of Hernan later brought moisture to the island of Hawaii , causing cloud and shower activity . The associated rainfall was light and insignificant .
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3,690 | Werner Kaegi ( born June 17 , 1926 ) is a Swiss electronic music composer , musicologist and educator . During the 1960s , he promoted electronic music in his home country . In the 1970s , as a composer and researcher at Utrecht 's Institute of unk , The Netherlands , he developed pioneering programs in the field of computer generated music . Early life Kaegi was born in unk , in the St. Gallen canton . He studied mathematical logic and music in Zrich , Heidelberg and Basel , and music composition in Zrich , Basel , Salzburg and Paris . His music teachers have included composers Paul Hindemith , Arthur Honegger and Louis Aubert . In 1951 , blending his interests for mathematics and music , he received his doctorate with a study of the structure of Johann Sebastian Bach 's Inventions and Fugues . Kaegi discovered Pierre Schaeffer , musique concrte and the GRM radio broadcasts in Paris in 1951 , yet his 1950s compositions are for traditional instruments Ariadne in Zrich is for clarinet and piano 4 hands , unk , for oboe , bassoon and cimbalom , while the 1956 Sonate is for clarinet and piano . During the next decade , however , Werner Kaegi embraced electronic music and became a pioneer of Swiss electroacoustic music , predating other composers in the field , such as Bruno Spoerri and Rainer Boesch . At Centre de Recherches Sonores ( 1963 1970 ) From 1963 to 1970 , Kaegi worked at the Centre de Recherches Sonores , the electroacoustic music studio of Radio Suisse Romande in Geneva . There he started composing electronic and tape music , including pieces such as unk ( 1964 ) , L 'Art de la Table ( 1964 ) , and Entretiens ( 1965 ) . At the unk , Kaegi created several radiophonic works such as La Porte Noire in 1964 and unk in 1965 . In the late 1960s , Kaegi wrote several essays on electronic music , including the influential book Was ist unk Musik , ( What Is Electronic Music ) , which was published in 1967 in Zurich , Switzerland , and also became a film for Swiss television . This period of electronic music championing culminated in 1971 with the publication of Kaegi 's unique record release , a 7 inch record titled Von unk zur unk Musik ( From Sine Wave to Electronic Music ) . In the 12 pages accompanying booklet , Kaegi analyses the basic constituents of electronic music like sine wave , sound synthesis , ring modulation or electronic oscillator , with sound examples provided on the disc as well as excerpts from his most recent works of the time , Kyoto , 1970 , Thai Clarinet , 1970 , Hydrophonie I , 1969 and Illumination Expo ' 70 Osaka , 1969 . The latter piece was commissioned by the Swiss government to be used as background music for the Swiss pavilion at the World Expo ' 70 in Osaka , Japan , a project he undertook with composer and contemporary music promoter Andr unk ( born 1931 ) , then head of music at Radio Suisse Romande . At Instituut voor unk ( 1971 1987 ) In 1969 , Kaegi was invited to compose at Utrecht 's Institute of unk , formerly known as STEM , in The Netherlands , where he created the tape music of Hydrophonie I. Owing to a grant from the Swiss government , he permanently relocated to The Netherlands in 1971 to work at the Institute and soon became a member of the board of directors . At the Institute , Kaegi worked as a composer , researcher and teacher in the field of electronically generated music and composition his students have among others included Benno Ammann , Lasse Thoresen , Jos Janssen , Cort Lippe , Kathleen St John , Trevor Batten , Maarten In ' t Veld , Martin Supper , Peter Pabon , Kees van unk . After Floris van Maanen the Canadian composer Paul Goodman , born 1955 , became his assistant in the 1980s . Between 1973 and 1978 , together with Dutch researcher Stan unk ( 1938 2010 ) , Kaegi developed the VOSIM program . VOSIM , which stands for unk unk , is a system based on the digital sound synthesis of simple , sinusoidal square waves , allowing the modeling of vowel sounds , vocal fricatives and quasi instrumental tones . It complemented , and was used in conjunction with , Gottfried Michael Koenig 's own computer generated music programs Project 1 ( 1964 ) , Project 2 ( 1966 ) and SSP ( 1971 ) . Werner Kaegi summed up the VOSIM system in 1986 in a presentation for the scientific journal Interface . In 1987 , Kaegi was awarded a prize at the 15th Bourges international electroacoustic competition , in Bourges , France , for his piece Ritournelles , for soprano and VOSIM software . He apparently ceased teaching and composing after 1987 . Notable compositions 9 Lieder with lyrics by Joseph Von Eichendorff and Hermann Hesse ( 1943 ) Vom Leben und Sterben des unk unk , oratorio unk , for oboe , bassoon and cimbalom Magna Voce Ad Dominum unk , for singer and orchestra Lieder fr unk , songs for choir ( 1948 54 ) Sonate , for clarinet and piano ( 1956 ) Ariadne in Zrich , for clarinet and piano 4 hands ( 1957 ) Concerto , for jazz quartet and string ensemble ( 1961 ) At Centre de Recherches Sonores , Geneva Suisse Vigilante ( music for Expo ' 64 , Lausanne ) , for tape ( 1963 ) unk , for tape ( 1964 ) L 'Art de la Table , for tape ( 1964 ) unk , background or exhibition music ( 1964 ) La Porte Noire , radiophonic work ( 1964 ) unk , radiophonic work ( 1965 ) Entretiens , for tape ( 1965 ) Mystic Puzzle II , for tape and jazz orchestra ( 1965 ) Mystic Puzzle III , for tape and saxophone ( 1967 ) Les unk de la unk , for tape ( 1967 ) Entretiens unk , for speaker , 9 instruments and tape ( 1968 ) Anima ou Les Rves de Damien , for tape ( 1968 ) Illumination ( music for Expo ' 70 , Osaka , Japan 1970 ) , with Andr unk ( 1969 ) Kyoto , for tape and instruments ( 1970 ) Thai Clarinet , for clarinet and electronic ( 1970 ) At Instituut voor unk , Utrecht Hydrophonie I , for tape ( 1969 ) unk , for tape ( 1984 ) Dialogue II , for tape and gamelan orchestra ( 1984 ) Dialogue III , for tape ( 1984 ) Dialogue , for tape with gamelan orchestra ( 1985 ) Champs unk Ritournelles , for tape ( 1985 ) Ritournelles , for soprano and computer ( VOSIM software ) ( 1987 )
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3,691 | Martin Peerson ( or Pearson , Pierson ) ( born between 1571 and 1573 died December 1650 or January 1651 and buried 16 January 1651 ) was an English composer , organist and unk . Despite Roman Catholic leanings at a time when it was illegal not to subscribe to Church of England beliefs and practices , he was highly esteemed for his musical abilities and held posts at St Paul 's Cathedral and , it is believed , Westminster Abbey . His output included both sacred and secular music in forms such as consort music , keyboard pieces , madrigals and motets . Life and career From Peerson 's will and the March marriage registers , it appears that he was the son of Thomas and Margaret Peerson of March , Cambridgeshire , in England . It is believed that Martin Peerson was born in the town of March between 1571 and 1573 , as records show that his parents married in 1570 , but a Margaret unk was married in 1573 . It therefore seems that Thomas Peerson died a few years after 1570 and that Martin 's mother remarried . In the 1580s , Peerson was a choirboy of St. Paul 's Cathedral in London under organist Thomas Mulliner . Subsequently , he came under the patronage of the poet Fulke Greville . On May Day in 1604 Peerson 's setting of the madrigal See , O See , Who is Heere Come a unk was performed as part of Ben Jonson 's Private Entertainment of the King and Queene at the house of Sir William Cornwallis at Highgate ( now in London ) . A letter dated 7 December 1609 states that at the time Peerson was living at Newington ( now Stoke Newington , London ) and had composed several lessons for the virginals , which was his principal instrument . It appears that he had Roman Catholic sympathies , for that year , on the same occasion as Jonson , he was convicted of recusancy the statutory offence of not complying with the established Church of England . Peerson then took up musical studies at the University of Oxford . In order to do so , he would have had to subscribe to Protestantism . In 1613 , he was conferred a Bachelor of Music ( unk ) and was appointed Master of the Boys of Canterbury Cathedral . It is possible that he was the Martin Pearson who was sacrist at Westminster Abbey from 1623 to 1630 . Between June 1624 and June 1625 he returned to St. Paul 's Cathedral as almoner and Master of the Choristers there is also some evidence suggesting he was later made a petty canon . Although all cathedral services ceased at the end of 1642 following the outbreak of the English Civil War , he retained the title of almoner and , along with the other petty canons and the vicars choral , had special financial provision made for him . Peerson is known to have been buried on 16 January 1651 in St. Faith 's Chapel under St. Paul 's . He therefore died in either December 1650 or , more likely , January 1651 . In spite of his Roman Catholic leanings , evidenced by the use of pre Reformation Latin texts for his motets and his 1606 conviction for recusancy , Peerson 's position at the heart of the Anglican establishment confirms the overall esteem in which he was held . Music Peerson 's powerful patrons enabled him to print and publish a considerable quantity of his music , although little remains today . The only four extant keyboard pieces unk , The Fall of the unk , Piper 's unk and The unk appear in the Fitzwilliam Virginal Book ( c . 1609 c . 1619 ) , one of the most important sources of early keyboard music containing more than 300 pieces from the late Elizabethan and early Jacobean periods . He also set to music some of William Leighton 's verses , written by the latter while in prison for debt . Together with works by other composers , these were published as The unk and unk of a unk Soule in 1614 . This was followed two years later by unk unk , with texts assembled by the Reverend Thomas unk mainly using psalm texts in the English language . In 1620 Peerson 's collection Private Musicke was published . It contained secular music , including madrigals and consort songs , for one or two voices accompanied by viols or virginals . He published some metrical psalter tunes in Thomas Ravenscroft 's 1621 work The Whole Booke of Psalmes with the unk unk and Songs unk , and then a group of Motets or Grave Chamber Musique in 1630 with English texts and the then fashionable keyboard continuo the latter work contains two very fine songs of mourning . Thereafter , despite changing musical trends , Peerson 's music showed significant roots in Renaissance polyphony . However , he was adept in the use of then modern compositional procedures this is evident in his often daring use of chromaticism , especially seen in word painting . Some of his finest music is contained in his set of 15 Latin motets , which was probably composed around the turn of the century . Existing only in a single copy , it originally consisted of five part books but the Cantus book is lost . Richard unk , professor of historical musicology at the University of Leeds , spent 12 years reconstructing the missing part . The complete Latin motets have been published by unk Edition , and a recording of their performance by Ex Cathedra entitled Peerson Latin Motets was produced by Hyperion Records in 2005 . Selected works Private Musicke . Or the First Booke of Ayres and Dialogues unk Songs of 4 . 5 . and 6 . Parts , of unk Sorts , and being Verse and Chorus , is Fit for unk and Viols . And for Want of Viols , they may be Performed to either the unk or Lute , where the unk can Play unk the Ground , or for a Shift to the Base unk alone . All Made and Composed According to the Rules of Art . By M. P. unk of Musicke , London Printed by Thomas unk , 1620 , OCLC unk . unk or Grave Chamber unk Containing Songs of unk Parts of unk Sorts , some ful , and some Verse and Chorus . But all Fit for unk and unk , with an Organ Part which for want of Organs , may be Performed on unk , Base Lute , unk , or Irish Harpe . Also , A Mourning Song of Sixe Parts for the Death of the late Right Honorable Sir unk unk ... Composed According to the Rules of Art by M.P. , London Printed by William unk , 1630 , OCLC unk .
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3,692 | The World Heavyweight Championship was a professional wrestling world heavyweight championship owned by WWE . It was one of two top championships in WWE , complementing the WWE World Championship . It was established under the Raw brand in 2002 , after Raw and SmackDown became distinct brands under WWE , and moved between both brands on different occasions ( mainly as a result of the WWE draft ) until August 29 , 2011 when all programming became full roster unk . The World Heavyweight Championship was retired at the WWE PPV TLC Tables , Ladders , and Chairs on December 15 , 2013 when it was unified with the WWE Championship . The title was one of six to be represented by the historic Big Gold Belt , first introduced in 1986 . Its heritage can be traced back to the first world heavyweight championship , thereby giving the belt a legacy over 100 years old , the oldest in the world . History Origin WWE introduced its World Heavyweight Championship in 2002 , by Eric Bischoff with Triple H becoming the inaugural champion on September 2 . However , its origin is attributed the first world heavyweight championship , and then to events that began in the National Wrestling Alliance ( NWA ) , which had many different territorial promotions as members . In the late 1980s , World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) was a member of the NWA , having been formed by the purchase of Jim Crockett Promotions ( JCP ) , which had absorbed many other NWA members , by Turner Broadcasting , which aired WCW 's programming . During this time , WCW used the NWA World Heavyweight Championship as its world title . The WCW World Heavyweight Championship was soon established when the recognition was awarded to then NWA World Heavyweight Champion Ric Flair in 1991 . In 1993 , WCW seceded from the NWA and grew to become a rival promotion to the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) , itself a former member of the NWA . Both organizations grew into mainstream prominence and were eventually involved in a television ratings war dubbed the Monday Night Wars . Near the end of the ratings war , WCW began a financial decline which culminated in March 2001 with the WWF 's purchase of selected assets of WCW . As a result of the purchase , the WWF acquired the video library of WCW , select talent contracts , and championships among other assets . The slew of former WCW talent joining the WWF roster began The Invasion which effectively phased out the WCW name . Following this , the WCW World Heavyweight Championship was unified with the WWF Championship , the WWF 's world title , at Vengeance in December . At the event , the WCW World Heavyweight Championship was decommissioned with Chris Jericho becoming the final WCW World Heavyweight Champion and the subsequent Undisputed WWF Champion after defeating The Rock and Steve Austin respectively . The WWF title became the undisputed Championship in professional wrestling until September 2002 with the creation of this World Heavyweight Championship , spun off from the Undisputed WWE Championship as the successor to the WCW World Heavyweight Championship . Creation By 2002 , the WWE roster had doubled in size due to the overabundance of contracted workers . As a result of the increase , the WWE divided the roster through its two main television programs , Raw and SmackDown , assigning championships and appointing figureheads to each brand . This expansion became known as the Brand Extension . In May 2002 , the WWF was renamed to World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) . Following these changes , the Undisputed WWE Championship remained unaffiliated with either brand as competitors from both brands could challenge the Undisputed Champion . Following the appointment of Eric Bischoff and Stephanie McMahon as General Managers of the Raw and SmackDown brands respectively , Stephanie McMahon contracted then champion Brock Lesnar to the SmackDown brand , leaving the Raw brand without a World Title . On September 2 , after disputing the brand designation of the Undisputed title , Eric Bischoff announced the creation of the World Heavyweight Championship . Bischoff awarded the title to Triple H due to previously being Lesnar 's scheduled opponent . Immediately afterwards , the Undisputed Championship returned to being the WWE Championship . Historical lineage While introduced in 2002 as a new title , the WWE often made allusions often being made to other titles including those of WCW and the NWA , amalgamating the history of this championship with the history of the belt that represents it . As affirmed by WWE , the World Heavyweight Championship is not a continuation of the WCW Championship , but rather its successor by way of the WWE Undisputed Championship , just as the WCW Championship spun off from the NWA World Heavyweight Championship . Due to its relation to both titles , its lineage is connected with the earliest recognized world heavyweight championship . In 2009 , WWE released a DVD set called History of the World Heavyweight Championship that definitively linked the title to the WCW and NWA titles . Brand designation history The following is a list of dates indicating the transitions of the World Heavyweight Championship between the Raw and SmackDown brands . Reigns The inaugural champion was Triple H , and there were 25 different champions overall . The longest reigning champion was Batista who held the title from April 3 , 2005 to January 10 , 2006 for a total of 282 days . Triple H holds the record for longest combined reigns at 616 days . The shortest reigning champion was Big Show who officially held the title for 45 seconds . The youngest champion was Randy Orton , who won the title of the age of 24 . The oldest champion was The Undertaker who won at the age of 44 . Edge held the title the most times with seven championship reigns . There were five vacancies throughout the title 's history . Randy Orton was the final champion in his fourth reign . He defeated John Cena in a TLC match at TLC Tables , Ladders and Chairs on December 15 , 2013 in Houston , Texas to unify the WWE and World Heavyweight Championships .
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3,693 | Homer Badman , also known as Homer Bad Man , is the ninth episode of The Simpsons ' sixth season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 27 , 1994 . It was written by Greg Daniels and directed by Jeffrey Lynch . In the episode , Homer is falsely accused of sexual harassment after a babysitter mistakes him grabbing a gummi candy stuck to her pants for a sexual pass at her , resulting in Homer becoming public enemy number one . Dennis Franz guest stars as himself . Plot Homer and Marge attend a candy convention and hire Ashley Grant , a feminist graduate student , to babysit Bart , Maggie and Lisa . At the convention , Homer outfits Marge with an oversized trenchcoat and is vigilant in smuggling out as much candy as possible in her pockets , including a rare gummy Venus de Milo . That night , Homer searches for the gummy Venus amongst his smuggled goods , but is unable to find it . Marge reminds him to take Ashley home and Homer grudgingly obliges . As Ashley is exiting Homer 's car , he sees the gummy Venus stuck to the backside of her jeans . Homer innocently grabs the candy , and Ashley turns around to see Homer drooling lustfully at the piece of candy . unk his poor tact and drooling as a deliberate sexual advance , Ashley runs off screaming in terror while Homer gleefully eats the candy . The next morning , an angry mob marches onto the Simpsons ' lawn and claims that Homer sexually harassed Ashley . The crowd refuses to listen to Homer , who was trying to tell his side of the story . When Rock Bottom , a tabloid news show , asks to interview him about his predicament , he agrees in the hope that it will clear his name . However , the interview is heavily ( and poorly ) edited into a totally inaccurate segment where Homer is portrayed as a pervert . Things go from bad to worse as a media circus arrives at the Simpson home to provide 24 hour coverage of things such as Marge letting the cat out and the family watching TV Fox even produces a TV movie , Homer S. Portrait of an Ass unk , starring Dennis Franz as a lascivious Homer . Lisa and Marge suggest Homer videotape himself telling his side of the story to air on a Public access television cable TV , but all he succeeds at accomplishing is angering an old time bicyclist . It was to appear Homer will most likely be guilty . However , Groundskeeper Willie also saw Homer 's speech , and arrives at the Simpson home with a video tape of what happened the night Homer took Ashley home . The tape clearly shows that Homer was grabbing the Gummy Venus , and upon seeing it , Ashley and the media apologize for labeling Homer a monster . Later on , the Simpson family is watching a Rock Bottom episode that labels Willie as a disgusting voyeur and Homer immediately declares that he is evil . Marge asks Homer if he learned anything from his experiences , to which Homer replies that he has not learned a thing . After the rest of the family leaves the room , Homer embraces the television and quietly says to it , Let 's never fight again . Production Greg Daniels , the writer of the episode , originally pitched this episode as being more centered on Lisa and Homer 's opposing ideas on feminism . Eventually , the episode became more of a satire of the media and shows like Hard Copy . David Mirkin , the show runner at the time , felt very strongly about the unk of the media and has said that the episode is as current today as it was at the time and things have since gotten worse . Several gags in the episode are based on what real life shows like Hard Copy would do , such as making people look to be guilty without a trial as well as a complete invasion of privacy by setting up camp outside people 's homes . The talk show Ben , which is hosted by a bear named Gentle Ben wearing a microphone on its head , reflects the writers ' feeling that anyone could host a talk show because all they need is a microphone and an audience . Dennis Franz was the writers ' second choice for the role of Homer when the first choice pulled out . According to the DVD commentary , the original actor was more barrel chested . Cultural references The action sequence at the Candy convention is based on every Bruce Willis movie ever made . Homer 's imagination of living underwater is a parody of the song Under the Sea from the Disney film The Little Mermaid . David Mirkin says he thought the sequence would be funny because Homer would eat all of the characters from The Little Mermaid . Groundskeeper Willie is referred to as Rowdy Roddy unk , a reference to Rowdy Roddy Piper , a wrestler who used a Scotsman gimmick . When Homer is found naked by an invasive camera crew outside his bathroom window underneath his clear shower curtain , ( the helicopter camera crew startled Homer as he was taking his shower causing him to rip the curtain and fall underneath it ) , A channel 6 journalist reports that Homer sleeps under an oxygen tent giving him sexual powers , is a reference to the rumor about Michael Jackson sleeping in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber to extend his life . The talk show Ben , hosted by a bear named Gentle Ben , refers to the 1960s television series Gentle Ben about a wild black bear who became a little boy 's best friend . Among the TV shows parodied during the episode Hard Copy , Sally Jessy Raphael , the Late Show with David Letterman and media coverage of the O.J. Simpson standoff . Reception In its original broadcast , Homer Badman finished 50th in ratings for the week of November 21 27 , 1994 , with a Nielsen rating of 9 . 5 , equivalent to approximately 9 . 1 million viewing households . It was the highest rated show on the Fox network that week , beating Married ... with Children . According to David Mirkin , this episode is very highly ranked among Simpsons fans . In Entertainment Weekly 's top 25 The Simpsons episodes in 2003 , Homer Badman was placed eighteenth . The Quindecim , a college newspaper , made their own top 25 list , with this episode at 15th place . The Daily Telegraph characterized the episode as one of The 10 Best Simpsons TV Episodes .
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3,694 | Gotta Be You is a song by English Irish boy band One Direction from their debut studio album , Up All Night ( 2011 ) . Written by August Rigo and the song 's producer , Steve Mac , it was released in the United Kingdom by Syco Music in November 2011 , as the album 's second single . The track is a mid tempo pop rock ballad incorporating an orchestral arrangement . The lyrical content is characterised by love sentiments . The single peaked at number three in the United Kingdom , marking the group 's second top ten appearance there . Upon the United States release of Up All Night , Gotta Be You peaked at number 24 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart . Directed by John Urbano , the accompanying music video depicts the group spending time on the banks of Lake Placid , New York . One Direction performed the ballad on televised programmes and during their Up All Night Tour ( 2011 12 ) . Background and release After being formed and finishing third in the seventh series of The X Factor in 2010 , One Direction were signed to Syco Music . The number was written by August Rigo and Steve Mac , and was produced by Mac . One Direction premiered the single on BBC Radio 1 on 19 October 2011 , with confirmation that it would serve as the second cut from Up All Night , following their debut single , What Makes You Beautiful , which topped the UK Singles Chart in September of that year . Member Zayn Malik , in an October interview with Digital Spy , characterised Gotta Be You as a bit more emotive than their debut single . It was released by Syco Music via digital download in Ireland and United Kingdom on 11 November 2011 and 13 November , respectively . In both countries , the digital download contains the principal recording , its B side , Another World , and two remixes of the song itself . Composition and lyrics Gotta Be You is a mid tempo pop rock ballad . According to the digital sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Sony ATV Music Publishing , One Direction 's vocal range in the song span from the note of Eb4 to unk . Written in the key of Ab major , the song is set in common time at a moderate tempo of 85 beats per minute . Set in an orchestral arrangement , its instrumentation includes a guitar , piano lines , and abundant strings . The chorus of the song opens with falsettos that are followed by vocal harmonies . The lyrical content is characterised by love notions and prominently revolves around its main declaration , It 's gotta be you , only you . Critical reception Both USA Today writer Brian Mansfield , who appreciated the lyrical content , and PopMatters contributor Zachary Houle , who favoured the instrumentation , described Gotta Be You as one of Up All Night 's highlights . Billboard reviewer Jason Lipshutz commended the vocal elements at play in its refrain and the track 's smooth lyricism . Robert Copsey for Digital Spy opined that the single 's memorable refrain is its strongest attribute and rated it four out of five stars . Matthew Horton of Virgin Media classified the song as one of the record 's superior tracks , and credited the ballad with keeping the album 's pecker up . Cosmopolitan 's Sarah Kwong lauded the lyrics and instrumentation of Gotta Be You and noted its appeal to a more mature audience in comparison to their debut single What Makes You Beautiful . Writing for Allmusic , Matthew Chisling , however , described the ballad as a bit tepid . Commercial performance Gotta Be You debuted and peaked at number three on the Irish Singles Chart in the week ending 17 November 2011 , marking the group 's second top five appearance in Ireland . In the United Kingdom , the piece sold substantially less than their first single What Makes You Beautiful , selling 59 , 461 copies in its first week . Despite the single reaching number one on the mid week chart update , it entered the UK Singles Chart dated 20 November 2011 at number three behind the seventh week sales of Rihanna 's We Found Love and the release of Good Feeling by Flo Rida . The song marks their second top ten hit and was One Direction 's third best selling track in the UK by August 2012 . Upon the release of Up All Night in the United States , Gotta Be You did not enter the US Billboard Hot 100 , but peaked at number 24 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart in the week of 28 April 2012 . Music video The single 's accompanying music video was directed by John Urbano , who had previously directed the band 's music video for What Makes You Beautiful . While predominantly filmed in Lake Placid , New York , in October 2011 , the clip 's opening sequences were shot at the State University of New York at Plattsburgh . In October , the group told Digital Spy that they feared a crocodile attack when shooting the video . They also told Capital FM correspondent Kevin Hughes that the clip would be a significant transition from their previous music video Malik described it as poignant and Louis Tomlinson reflected , The first one was all about having a very fun song , but this song is a bit different . The music video premiered on 8 November 2011 on YouTube , and predominantly depicts the group spending time on the banks of Lake Placid . As of February 2016 , the music video has garnered more than 180 million Vevo views . In the music video , the five some end up meeting with girls in a camping spot in a forest . As the music ends , the group watch fireworks as Malik walks towards his significant other and kisses her . The clip attracted positive commentary from fans of the group . Live performances One Direction performed the single for the first time on The X Factor UK on 13 November 2012 , to open the BBC 's Children in Need 2011 telethon on 19 November 2012 , and at Capital FM 's Jingle Bell Ball on 4 December 2011 , at the The O2 Arena . One Direction also performed the track during their first headlining concert tour , the Up All Night Tour . Gotta Be You was performed as the sixth song on the set list , in the second segment of the show 's synopsis . Chart performance Release history
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3,695 | The IWGP Heavyweight Championship was a professional wrestling heavyweight championship owned by the Inoki Genome Federation ( IGF ) promotion . The title shares its name with New Japan Pro Wrestling 's ( NJPW ) IWGP Heavyweight Championship , from which it split due to a decision made by IGF and NJPW founder Antonio Inoki . IWGP is the abbreviation of NJPW 's fictional governing body , the International Wrestling Grand Prix . During the title 's history , IGF recognized it as the official IWGP Heavyweight Championship , continuing the history of the title after an error made by NJPW in Inoki 's eyes . NJPW recognized the title as the IWGP 3rd Belt Championship , a championship that was merely represented by a previous version of the IWGP Heavyweight Championship 's title belt . The title was briefly used in the Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA ) promotion , which recognized it as the IWGP Heavyweight Championship . As a professional wrestling championship , the title was won via a scripted ending to a match or awarded to a wrestler because of a storyline . The inaugural champion was Brock Lesnar , who was the reigning IWGP Heavyweight Champion before being stripped of the title due to issues with NJPW . IGF recognized him as the official IWGP Heavyweight Champion afterwards . All title changes occurred at IGF or NJPW promoted events . There were a total of three reigns among three wrestlers during the title 's brief history before being unified with the IWGP Heavyweight Championship . History On October 8 , 2005 , at New Japan Pro Wrestling 's ( NJPW ) Toukon unk New Chapter event in Tokyo , Japan , Brock Lesnar defeated Kazuyuki Fujita and Masahiro Chono in a Three Way match for the IWGP Heavyweight Championship . He held the title for 280 days , having three successful defenses , until he failed to show up for a scheduled title defense . NJPW thus stripped Lesnar of the championship on July 15 , 2006 . Lesnar cited visa issues along with NJPW owing him compensation for his reasons at failing to appear at the planned title defense . After this series of events , NJPW founder Antonio Inoki left NJPW and created a new promotion , the Inoki Genome Federation ( IGF ) . Inoki then recognized Lesnar as the IWGP Heavyweight Champion due to Lesnar never having lost the championship in a match and Lesnar still maintaining physical possession of the title belt . NJPW recognized Lesnar as the IWGP 3rd Belt Champion and not the IWGP Heavyweight Champion , maintaining their stance on having stripped him of the title in 2006 . On June 29 , 2007 , IGF held its debut show with Lesnar defending the IWGP Heavyweight Championship against Kurt Angle in the main event . Angle defeated Lesnar to win the championship at the show with Angle going on to appear in the American Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA ) promotion with the physical title belt . TNA also referred to the title belt as the IWGP Heavyweight Championship in the same manner as the IGF , recognizing Angle as the official IWGP Heavyweight Champion . NJPW did not recognize Angle as the IWGP Heavyweight Champion , instead it viewed Angle as the second IWGP 3rd Belt Champion . Angle went on to have two successful defenses as champion . His first defense came in TNA in a feud against Samoa Joe . Angle first appeared with the title belt in TNA on the July 5 , 2007 episode of TNA 's television program TNA Impact . The title belt became relevant to the storyline rivalry between Joe and Angle heading into TNA 's Hard Justice pay per view ( PPV ) event . Leading up to TNA 's Victory Road PPV event on July 15 , 2007 , TNA X Division Champion Joe and TNA World Heavyweight Champion Angle teamed together to face TNA World Tag Team Champions Team 3D ( Brother Devon and Brother Ray ) in a Tag Team match with the stipulation being whoever scored the pinfall or submission for their team won the championship of the person pinned or made to submit . Joe pinned Brother Ray in the bout , thus winning the World Tag Team Championship for himself and a partner of his choosing . Joe chose to hold the title alone and challenged Angle to a Winner Take All match at Hard Justice for the TNA World Heavyweight , TNA X Division , TNA World Tag Team , and the IWGP Heavyweight Championships on the July 19 2007 , episode of Impact . Angle accepted the match , with Joe and Angle facing at Hard Justice on August 12 , 2007 in Orlando , Florida for all of the titles . Angle defeated Joe at the event to win the TNA World Tag Team and TNA X Division Championships , while retaining the TNA World Heavyweight and IWGP Heavyweight Championships . Afterwards , TNA slowly faded out using the IWGP Heavyweight Championship with Angle going on to defend the title at IGF and NJPW promoted shows , with the title being referred to as both the IWGP Heavyweight Championship and the IWGP 3rd Belt Championship . Angle 's second defense of the title was at NJPW 's Wrestle Kingdom II in Tokyo Dome event on January 4 , 2008 where he defeated former NJPW recognized IWGP Heavyweight Champion Yuji Nagata to retain the IWGP 3rd Belt Championship . Angle 's last defense was against then NJPW recognized IWGP Heavyweight Champion Shinsuke Nakamura in a unification match on February 17 , 2008 at NJPW 's Circuit 2008 New Japan ISM event where the winner would be the unified IWGP Heavyweight Champion . Angle lost the match , thus ending the existence of the IGF recognized IWGP Heavyweight Championship . IGF later introduced another title five years later with the IGF Championship on December 31 , 2013 . Belt designs The title design featured a black leather base with five gold plates spaced evenly apart , with the center plate being the largest . On the center plate the words IWGP Heavyweight Champion were featured alongside the caricature of an eagle or similar bird of prey . Reigns The inaugural champion was Brock Lesnar , as recognized by IGF as the official IWGP Heavyweight Champion . There were a total of three reigns among three wrestlers during the title 's brief history before being unified with the IWGP Heavyweight Championship . Title statistics
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3,696 | On the Day Before is the forty eighth The West Wing episode and fourth of the third season . It originally aired on NBC October 31 , 2001 . The episode deals with a suicide bomber in Jerusalem , as well as continued negotiations over the estate tax . Written by Aaron Sorkin , Paul Redford , and Nanda unk , and directed by Christopher Misiano , the episode contains the first appearances by H. Richard Greene as Congressman Robert Royce and Thomas unk as Assistant Secretary of State Bob Bobby unk . There are also guest appearances by Kevin Tighe , Cliff DeYoung and Mary Mara . Janel Moloney was nominated for an Emmy Award for her performance in this episode . Plot The White House is hosting a dinner for Nobel laureates but the staff keep getting interrupted by various domestic and international crises . As President Bartlet vetoes the bill to repeal the estate tax , it appears that the Republican Party might have the two thirds majority needed to override the veto . A representative of the dissenting Democrats is brought in to negotiate a deal with Toby and Sam . Meanwhile , Josh is meeting with Indiana Governor Jack Buckland ( Tighe ) to talk him out of a potential primary challenge against Bartlet . Leo is at this point getting exasperated by their own partisans taking advantage of the administration 's weakness due to the impending hearings over the president 's concealment of his MS. He tells Josh to throw an elbow and threaten to leak the fact that Buckland tried to blackmail the president . In the end , Josh ends up striking a compromise , while it is Toby and Sam who throw an elbow by turning down Democratic Congressman Kimble and offering the same deal to moderate Republican Congressman Robert Royce instead . A Palestinian suicide bomber in Jerusalem causes the death of several Israelis , as well as two American nationals . National Security Advisor Nancy McNally and Leo consider the potential implications of possible retributions and are relieved when the Palestinians respond to American pressure by arresting a leader of a militant group . As Leo points out , however , the solution is likely to be only temporary . Other staff members have their own problems to deal with . Charlie has been offered immunity from the special prosecutors and Leo , among others , suggests he take it . Charlie , however , insists that he will stay with his team . Donna , who in the previous episode ( Ways and Means ) went on a date with a Republican congressional aide involved in the investigation , comes clean with Josh . It turns out she met him not only once , but also on another occasion after she had found out what position he held , and Josh is not pleased . C.J. is provoked by an inexperienced lifestyle reporter , Sherri Wexler ( Mara ) , trying to put her in a bad light and responds by embarrassing her in front of a full press room . Production The West Wing episodes were written close to production and at the time of the September 11 attacks Sorkin was writing on episode six of the season ( Gone Quiet ) , which originally was to air on Halloween ( October 31 ) . The events caused consternation in the writing staff , and the episode had to be entirely rewritten . I was kind of paralyzed , said Sorkin , I didn 't know what to write . Because of the attacks , air dates were postponed and the already finished On the Day Before became the Halloween episode instead . Nevertheless , the episode took on greater relevance to actual , international events than the writers had intended . On August 9 , after the actors had just done a cold reading of the episode , they were informed about the Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing , a Jerusalem suicide bombing in which an American was killed . The close similarity to an event in the script came as a shock to the actors . It was mind blowing , said Richard Schiff ( Toby ) . Social and cultural references The title of this episode refers to a conversation that the President has with his staff towards the end of the episode . In it , he tells his staff that at a White House dinner , someone told him that on Yom Kippur Jews ask God for forgiveness , but on the day before Yom Kippur , called unk Yom Kippur , Jews ask forgiveness from one another . The president remarks that you can 't ask forgiveness of God until you 've asked forgiveness of people on the day before . In a reference to the Palestinian leadership , Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization Yasser Arafat is mentioned by name . Even though foreign dignitaries were normally fictional on the show , producer Aaron Sorkin said it felt right to call the Chairman by his real name ' cause Arafat 's been around forever and he 'll be around forever . In a later episode , however ( Gaza in season five ) , the name of the Chairman of the Palestinian Authority was changed to Nizar unk , a fictional character . By that point in mid 2004 , Arafat was in failing health in real life , and would die in November 2004 . The show continued to use the unk character and never made any references to Arafat 's successor Mahmoud Abbas . When the president vetoes the bill , it is said that this is Bartlet 's first veto . In a previous episode , In This White House as Sam debates Ainsley Hayes for the first time , it is made clear that the president has in fact previously vetoed a bill . It has been suggested , however , that what was discussed on that occasion was a pocket veto . At one point in the episode , Josh quotes an interview with one of Buckland 's aides in what he calls the Indianapolis Post Dispatch . No such newspaper exists . The show chose to combine the names of two different newspapers the Indianapolis Star , and the St. Louis Post Dispatch . Reception It was for this episode , along with War Crimes , that Janel Moloney was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2002 . In this category she was up against two of her co stars Mary Louise Parker and Stockard Channing , who went on to win the award . Deborah of Television Without Pity gave the episode a grade of A .
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3,697 | SM U 12 or U XII was a U 5 class submarine or U boat built for and operated by the Austro Hungarian Navy ( German Kaiserliche und Knigliche Kriegsmarine or K.u.K. Kriegsmarine ) before and during the First World War . Introduction Built on speculation by Whitehead Co. of Fiume , the submarine was launched as SS 3 and featured improvements in the electrical and mechanical systems from the design by the American John Philip Holland , to which her older sister boats , SM U 5 and U 6 , had been built . SS 3 was laid down in 1909 and launched in March 1911 . The double hulled submarine was just over 105 feet ( 32 m ) long and displaced between 240 and 273 tonnes ( 265 and 301 short tons ) , depending on whether surfaced or submerged . Whitehead 's tried selling SS 3 to several different navies , but she was finally bought by the Austro Hungarian Navy after the outbreak of World War I , despite having been rejected by them twice before . She was commissioned as U 12 in August 1914 . The submarine sank only one ship , a Greek cargo ship in May 1915 , but she had earlier captured six Montenegrin sailing vessels as prizes in March . U 12 also damaged , but did not sink , the French battleship Jean Bart in December 1914 . While searching for targets in the vicinity of Venice in August 1915 , U 12 struck a mine that blew her stern off , and sank with all hands , becoming the first Austro Hungarian submarine sunk in the war . Her wreck was salvaged the next year by the Italians , who interred U 12 's crewmen in a Venetian cemetery . Design and construction SS 3 was built on speculation by Whitehead Co. of Fiume . Her design was based on the John Philip Holland design licensed by Whitehead for U 5 and U 6 , two submarines ordered by the Austro Hungarian Navy and built 1907 1910 , and featured improvements in the mechanical and electrical systems . SS 3 was laid down in 1909 and launched at Fiume on 14 March 1911 . SS 3 's featured a single hull with a tear drop shaped body that bore a strong resemblance to modern nuclear submarines . She was 105 feet 4 inches ( 32 . 11 m ) long by 13 feet 9 inches ( 4 . 19 m ) abeam and had a draft of 12 feet 10 inches ( 3 . 91 m ) . She displaced 240 tonnes ( 260 short tons ) surfaced , and 273 tonnes ( 301 short tons ) submerged . Her two 45 centimeter ( 17 . 7 in ) bow torpedo tubes featured unique , cloverleaf shaped design hatches that rotated on a central axis , and the boat was designed to carry up to four torpedoes . According to one source , SS 3 was initially propelled by a pair of electric motors for surface running , but had them replaced with twin 6 cylinder gasoline engines of 300 brake horsepower ( 220 kW ) each when they proved disappointing during trials . It is not specifically reported for U 12 , but the other U 5 class boats both suffered from inadequate ventilation , which resulted in frequent intoxication of the crew from the engine exhaust . SS 3 's underwater propulsion was by two electric motors that totaled 230 shaft horsepower ( 170 kW ) . Career After SS 3 's March 1911 launch , Whitehead 's tried to sell SS 3 to the Austro Hungarian Navy , but because the evaluation of the first two U 5 class boats was still underway , they declined to purchase . Over the next three years Whitehead 's attempted to sell the boat to the navies of Peru , Portugal , the Netherlands , Brazil , and Bulgaria , before the Austro Hungarian Navy rejected an offer for the second time . With the outbreak of war , however , the Austro Hungarian Navy purchased the unsold submarine to quickly bolster its fleet . Although provisionally assigned the designation U 7 , the submarine was commissioned as SM U 12 on 21 August 1914 , with Linienschiffsleutnant Egon Lerch in command . U 12 's activities over the early part of the war are not reported , but the boat 's armament was augmented by a 3 . 7 cm 23 ( 1 . 5 in ) quick firing ( QF ) deck gun in November 1914 . Sister boat U 5 had her first radio receiver installed at the same time her deck gun was added , but it is not reported whether U 12 did as well . On 21 December 1914 , Lerch and U 12 chanced upon the French dreadnought Jean Bart in the Straits of Otranto steaming at a leisurely 9 knots ( 17 km h ) and unprotected by escort ships . U 12 hit French Admiral Lapeyrre 's flagship with a single torpedo in the bow , destroying the battleship 's wine storeroom but sparing her forward magazine . Jean Bart 's watertight compartments saved the ship , which made her way to Malta to undergo repairs at the British dockyards there . U 12 survived an attack from an unknown French Brumaire class submarine on 27 February 1915 . U 12 's next success was the capture of two Montenegrin schooners on 22 March 1916 , Fiore Di unk and unk . Nine days later the U boat captured another four Montenegrin boats , Buona Forte , Fiore I , Hailie , and unk . On 29 May , she sank the Greek steamer Virginia , which was the only ship reported sunk by U 12 . In June , U 12 underwent a refit that added an additional two torpedo tubes on her forward casing . In early August , Lerch and U 12 set out from Pola for Venice to look for enemy ships to sink . On 6 August , the Italian destroyer Rosolino Pilo rammed U 12 , probably by chance , at about 05 00 in the Lido inlet of the Venetian Lagoon . Two days later , when Italian workers were dredging to try to determine the object Rosolino Pilo had hit , they heard a heavy explosion . When divers went down in the area , they discovered the wreck of U 12 with her stern blown off . U 12 's entire complement of 17 men was lost when she went down . U 12 was the first Austro Hungarian submarine sunk during the war . In late 1916 , the Italians salvaged the hulk of U 12 and transported it to Venice . The bodies of U 12 's crew were interred at the San Michele cemetery in Venice , and U 12 's hulk , of no salvage value , was scrapped at the Venice naval arsenal . In her military service , U 12 sank one ship of 1 , 065 GRT , damaged one warship ( 22 , 189 GRT ) , and captured six ships as prizes . Gallery
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3,698 | Vince 's Devils ( originally known as Ladies in Pink ) was a villainous alliance of female professional wrestlers in World Wrestling Entertainment on its Raw brand . It consisted of Divas Candice Michelle , Torrie Wilson , and Victoria . The women formed their alliance in August 2005 after Wilson and Michelle were traded to Raw from SmackDown . Vince 's Devils , named after WWE Chairman Vince McMahon , helped each other in their matches and rivalries until tension began growing between Wilson and Candice Michelle over the latter 's April 2006 Playboy pictorial . The group had officially split by March 2006 . History Debut In August 2005 , in a trade un aired on television , SmackDown Divas Torrie Wilson and Candice Michelle were traded to Raw for Raw Divas Stacy Keibler and Christy Hemme , who were moved to SmackDown . During their debut , the duo of Torrie and Candice began a new storyline when they called Diva Search 2005 winner Ashley Massaro to ringside to congratulate her for winning the competition , but instead they taunted and attacked her , becoming villains in the process . The next week , Torrie and Candice recruited the evil Victoria to join them , and the three began harassing Massaro on a regular basis . They also taunted and embarrassed her during matches . Feuds When Trish Stratus made her return from a legitimate back injury on September 12 , she became a fan favorite by joining forces with Massaro . At Unforgiven , Victoria and Wilson lost a match against Stratus and Massaro . At WWE Homecoming , they lost again in a Bra and Panties Handicap match when they were stripped by their opponents . For several weeks afterward , Wilson was absent from television due to personal issues she had to attend to off screen . On November 28 , Wilson returned to the group to participate in a six woman tag team match . Wilson 's dog Chloe became an official member of the group on December 26 when she interfered in one of Victoria 's matches and became the first dog to have her own WWE.com profile . At Taboo Tuesday in November , Candice Michelle was eliminated from the Fulfill Your Fantasy Battle Royal for the WWE Women 's Championship by former rival Ashley Massaro . On the January 2 episode of Raw , the Ladies in Pink turned their attention to backstage announcer Maria Kanellis , blaming her for Victoria 's loss in a match . Victoria announced to Maria that they had a match scheduled that night and proceeded to attack her before the bell . Although Victoria seemed to have the advantage in the match , which included interference from Wilson and Chloe , Victoria was pinned after she attempted an offensive maneuver but missed and ran into the turnbuckle , allowing Maria to pin her . After the match , Candice Michelle , Wilson , and Victoria attacked Maria until Ashley Massaro ran down to the ring to assist Maria . The conflict between the Divas caused the Chairman , Vince McMahon , to make a Bra and Panties Gauntlet match at New Year 's Revolution , which Massaro won when she eliminated Victoria by removing her shorts . The next night on Raw , the Ladies in Pink announced that they had changed the name of their alliance to Vince 's Devils . The storyline rivalry with Massaro continued on the January 23 episode of Raw , when Victoria and Candice Michelle were defeated by Trish Stratus and Massaro in a tag team match . At the Royal Rumble on January 30 , the three women were shown in backstage segments flirting with McMahon . Split By February , Candice Michelle had announced that she was going to be on the cover of the April edition of Playboy magazine , and tension began to grow between Candice Michelle and Torrie Wilson . After winning a number one contender 's Diva battle royal on Raw in which she first eliminated Wilson and then Mickie James and Ashley at the same time , Candice Michelle received her first singles WWE Women 's Championship match , but she lost to champion Trish Stratus on February 27 . After the match , Candice Michelle slapped Wilson , blaming her , in storyline , for the loss . As a result of the tension between the women , Wilson became a fan favorite , while Candice Michelle and Victoria continued to act as villains on screen . On March 13 , during Victoria 's Women 's Championship match , Wilson ran down and gave Victoria a facebuster costing her the victory . Later in the broadcast , it had appeared that Candice Michelle and Victoria may have gotten their revenge as Trish Stratus found an unconscious Wilson laid out in the Divas ' Locker room with Candice 's Playboy magazine lying across Wilson . At WrestleMania 22 , Wilson gained revenge by defeating the evil Candice Michelle in a Playboy Pillow Fight match . On the June 12 episode of Raw , Wilson defeated Candice Michelle in the first ever Wet and Wild match , a wrestling match involving water balloons and squirt guns , in which the winner of the match would be on the cover of the WWE 2006 Summer Special magazine . After the match , the feuds and alliances between the women ended , and they continued to appear together in television segments with no mention of their time as former allies and enemies . On the July 17 episode of Raw , Candice was the Special Guest Referee during a tag team match of Stratus and Wilson against Victoria and Mickie . James entered the match without being tagged in , so Candice threw her out of the ring . Afterwards , Victoria tried to clothesline Candice , but she ducked out of the way , allowing Stratus to perform a Stratusfaction for the victory . As a result of her participation in the match , Candice became a face . Their allies between Candice and Victoria came to an end . In wrestling Double team finishing moves Wilson and Michelle Double DDT performed by Torrie Wilson and Candice Michelle Wilson 's finishing moves Nose Job ( Sitout facebuster ) Victoria 's finishing moves Widow 's Peak ( Gory neckbreaker ) Michelle 's finishing moves Forward Russian legsweep Michelle 's signature moves unk ( Hanging figure four necklock ) performed by Candice Michelle Chloe 's signature moves Chloe Tush Push ( Stinkface )
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3,699 | Sri Temasek is a two storey detached house built in 1869 which is sited within the grounds of the Istana in Singapore . During the island 's colonial era , it served as the residence of the Colonial Secretary or Chief Secretary . Since the establishment of the State of Singapore in 1959 , it has been the official residence of the Prime Minister of Singapore , though none of Singapore 's Prime Ministers has ever lived there . Together with the Istana , it was gazetted a national monument on 14 February 1992 . Name The name of the house , Sri Temasek , means splendour of Temasek in the Malay language . The Malay word unk or sri means charm quintessence splendour glory or a cynosure ( something that attracts attention by its brilliancy or beauty a centre of attraction , interest , or admiration ) Temasek , which means sea town in Javanese , was the name of an early city on the site of modern Singapore . Today , it is used as an epithet for Singapore . The house was originally merely known as the official residence of the Chief Secretary of Singapore ( or the Colonial Secretary of Singapore the Straits Settlements ) and did not have its own name . The State of Singapore was proclaimed and the first Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew assumed office in June 1959 , after which the house , which has become the official residence of the Prime Minister , has been officially named Sri Temasek , while the Government House has been officially renamed as the Istana , which means palace . Design The construction of the Istana Singapore ( then called Government House ) and Sri Temasek was ordered by the Governor of the Straits Settlements , Sir Harry St. George Ord , after the original governor 's residence had to be demolished in 1859 to make way for Fort Canning on the hill that bears its name . Sri Temasek was designed by John Frederick Adolphus McNair ( 1829 1910 ) , a civil engineer who was appointed Executive Engineer and Superintendent of Convicts of the Straits Settlements , and built largely using Indian convict labour from Bencoolen . It was completed in 1869 . A 1 , 600 square metre ( 17 , 000 sq ft ) two storey detached house often called a bungalow in Singapore with European and Asian features , Sri Temasek has a symmetrical layout consisting of deep verandahs surrounding central living spaces . Notable architectural features include arches on its upper level , an intricate timber arcade with a mixture of eastern and western decorative motifs , and a Chinese moon gate ( a circular gateway ) on the building 's second floor . Although few records exist concerning the moon gate 's construction and usage , it is known to have made its appearance in the house in the 1960s and to have been designed and built by William unk , a pre World War II Comptroller of Government House and a professional furniture designer . It is constructed of unk , teak and meranti wood . In the middle of the driveway in front of the house , there is a brick pit that was originally used by horse drawn carriages . The house was gazetted together with the Istana as a national monument on 14 February 1992 . Sri Temasek was not used for a number of years and fell into disrepair . It then underwent restoration between 2006 and March 2008 by CPG Consultants under the supervision of architect Maureen Soh . As the original hand crafted timber arches and railings on the first storey verandah had been damaged by termites , replacements moulded from the originals made with an aluminium cast alloy were used . Details on railings , doors and windows were restored , and several unk unk ( traditional wooden half doors ) and wooden flooring reinstated . The former servants ' quarters at the rear of the building were turned into a heritage gallery . The restoration works on Sri Temasek won the Urban Redevelopment Authority 's Architectural Heritage Award in Category A ( national monuments and fully conserved buildings ) in 2008 . Use When first built in 1869 , Sri Temasek was the residence of the Colonial Secretary of the Straits Settlements ( later Colonial Secretary Chief Secretary of Singapore ) . All holders of the position had resided in Sri Temasek from 1869 to 1959 . It is currently designated as the official residence of the Prime Minister of Singapore since 1959 , though none of the past and present holders of the post , Lee Kuan Yew , Goh Chok Tong and Lee Hsien Loong , have lived in it as a family home . In the 1998 book Lee Kuan Yew The Man and His Ideas , Lee Kuan Yew said that when he became Prime Minister in 1959 he and his wife Kwa Geok Choo decided not to move into Sri Temasek with their three children , who were then aged seven , five and two , because the couple did not want them to grow up in such grand surroundings with butlers and orderlies to fuss over their needs . The family did stay there in 1965 for a short time for security reasons when Singapore separated from Malaysia . Apart from that , according to a 2000 Straits Times interview with Kwa , the Lee children often played in the grounds of the house in the evening while their father played golf or made use of the practice tee and putting green . Sri Temasek has been used mostly for official functions , particularly in the 1960s and 1970s . Prominent visitors included Tunku Abdul Rahman , the founding Prime Minister of Malaysia Spiro Agnew , the Vice President of the United States Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi Denis Healey , British Defence Secretary and King Hussein of Jordan . Sri Temasek was the venue for a party hosted in 1962 by Lee Kuan Yew to thank trade unionists and civil servants for their help with the referendum on Singapore joining Malaysia , and in 1983 the body of the late Minister for Finance Hon Sui Sen lay in state there . On 8 August 2008 , Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong delivered his National Day message from Sri Temasek for the first time . The wake for Madam Kwa Geok Choo , mother of Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong and the wife of Singaporean statesman Lee Kuan Yew , was held at Sri Temasek in October 2010 . In March 2015 , a private family wake for Lee Kuan Yew was held there .
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