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cc-by | Acknowledgements. R. J. van der Ent and H. H. G. Savenije did this work as part of the research program Division for Earth and Life Sciences (ALW) , which is financed by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). O. A. Tuinenburg did this work as part of the European Union ( FP6 ) funded Integra... | 10.5194/hess-17-4869-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | We sought to assess the extent to which pain relief in chronic back and leg pain (CBLP) following spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is influenced by patient-related factors, including pain location, and technology factors. A number of electronic databases were searched with citation searching of included papers and recent ... | 10.1111/papr.12095 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Literature Searches Studies were initially identified from a previous systematic review undertaken by some of the authors (RST, RJT). 11 This list of studies was updated by searching the following electronic databases from the end date of the previous review ( Portal and ClinicalTrials. gov) were searched for informati... | 10.1111/papr.12095 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | true | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Data Extraction The following categories of information were extracted from included studies: study population baseline characteristics (eg, age, gender, duration and location of pain); (2) SCS intervention (ie, use of test screen, type of internal implant generator, lead and placement method, stimulation parameters); ... | 10.1111/papr.12095 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | In addition to the assessment of patient-related outcomes, such as healthrelated quality of life and functional capacity, studies should collect pain outcomes in both the leg and back, to enable better understanding of the target of neurostimulation. We are aware of two randomized trials of SCS currently being undertak... | 10.1111/papr.12095 | review | en | 2,013 | false | false | false | true | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Second, a multi-country randomized trial (PROMISE, NCT01697358) is ongoing. Two hundred and twelve patients with FBSS presenting with predominant back pain will be randomized to SCS using a tripolar 16-contact lead plus optimal medical management as compared to optimal medical management alone in a postoperative CBLP p... | 10.1111/papr.12095 | review | en | 2,013 | false | false | false | true | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was sponsored by Medtronic, Inc. The planning, conduct, and conclusions of this report are those of the authors and not the company. All the authors have received consultancy fees past and present from Medtronic. | 10.1111/papr.12095 | review | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Standard protocol approvals, registrations, and patient consent This study (ClinicalTrials. gov identifier: NCT00702065) was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and all applicable regulatory authority requirements and national laws. Written informed consent from patients was obtained prior to any s... | 10.1186/1477-7525-11-127 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | false | true | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Assessments and data collection Clinical data and MS treatments were recorded by the physician using an electronic case report form. QoL data were collected using paper questionnaires, which were completed by patients in the waiting room of the centers. Five assessments were performed in total: at the time of enrollmen... | 10.1186/1477-7525-11-127 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Demographic and clinical data Demographic data and history of MS, including MS course, number of relapses within the previous 24 months, date of disease onset, and all ongoing MS treatments, were collected at baseline. At baseline and subsequent evaluations, patients underwent a neurological evaluation, including and M... | 10.1186/1477-7525-11-127 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Patient characteristics In total, 600 patients were enrolled from 12 countries between November 2007 and October 2010; 1 patient was excluded because of a protocol violation (eligibility requirements not met) and 19 patients were excluded due to missing QoL data at months 6, 12, 18, and 24 (Figure 1 ). The final sampl... | 10.1186/1477-7525-11-127 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to all the patients for their participation in the study, thank Anderson Loundou for his consequent contribution for the statistical analyses, thank Marie-Claude Simeoni for her contribution for the initial reflexion of the study design. | 10.1186/1477-7525-11-127 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to all the patients for their participation in the study, thank Anderson Loundou for his consequent contribution for the statistical analyses, thank Marie-Claude Simeoni for her contribution for the initial reflexion of the study design. | 10.1186/1477-7525-11-127 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments We are greatful for funding of this work by EQECAT, Paris and by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research in Germany (BMBF) through the research programme MiKlip (FKZ: 01LP1104A ). Additional funding has been received from the People Programme ( Marie Curie Actions ) of the European Union's... | 10.1007/s00382-013-1975-6 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements: We are very grateful to Peter Forrester for his idea of using circular ensembles for the heuristics above, and also for drawing our attention to [Ja]. We also thank the anonymous referee for a careful reading and very interesting comments. A. B. thanks Alan Edelman for help with numerics and S. S.... | 10.1007/s00220-013-1716-z | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Mathematics | https://openalex.org/fields/26 |
cc-by | Rarer members of the community were more easily detected in the larger pyrosequencing datasets. This study also revealed that more than 27% of reference rumen fungal sequences retrieved from GenBank was misnamed at the genus level, which confounds efforts to compare communities. In-depth rrs sequencing shows that the c... | 10.1017/s1751731112000419 | article | en | 2,012 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | However, most studies identified Prevotella as an important, if not the predominant, genus in the community. These studies also confirm that the cultivated cellulolytic bacterial genera Ruminococcus and Fibrobacter are not among the most abundant members of the community, but detected instead the presence of various ot... | 10.1017/s1751731112000419 | article | en | 2,012 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | It has to be noted that these type strain might have some differences with strains evolving in their natural habitat, as their genetic makeup can change over generations (Papadopoulos et al. , 1999) and mutations can arise induced by the culture media (Deng and Fong, 2011). In addition, variability within single spe... | 10.1017/s1751731112000419 | article | en | 2,012 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | This produced 15 genome bins, which contained between 60% and 93% of their respective core genes. Further gene copy number analysis was carried out on the genes that were present only in single copy in all reference genomes of the respective phylogenetic order. These analyses suggested that near-complete draft genomes ... | 10.1017/s1751731112000419 | article | en | 2,012 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | The quest for functions through metagenomics Metagenomics is the culture-independent genomic analysis of microbial communities and comprises the functional and sequence-based analysis of the collective microbial genomes contained in an environmental sample. Its application started using the functional screening approac... | 10.1017/s1751731112000419 | article | en | 2,012 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | The metagenomic profiles appear more similar to those shown by hemicellulose-and pectin-degrading organisms (Butyrivibrio and Prevotella). Overall the main GH activities found (GH43, GH3, GH2, GH13) correlate with those detected in metagenomes from a range of other microbial environments (Li et al. , 2009). It would b... | 10.1017/s1751731112000419 | article | en | 2,012 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | Linking genomics and metagenomics data to nutrition and other animal production features Cataloguing the genes and functions of the microbiome is the step necessary for modelling and linking the rumen microbial metabolism to that of the host (Raes and Bork, 2008; Karlsson et al. , 2011). Traditionally, nutrition and p... | 10.1017/s1751731112000419 | article | en | 2,012 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | , 2011) , Prevotella ruminicola 23 (Purushe et al. , 2010) and Ruminococcus albus 7. Information on their GH profiles was obtained from the CAZy database (http://www. cazy. org/). Analysis of GH families not included in the original publications was carried out as described by Warnecke et al. (2007). of strains diff... | 10.1017/s1751731112000419 | article | en | 2,012 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | Future prospects It is clear from the preceding discussion that a catalogue of rumen microbial genes and assignment of functions to these genes are required to link the rumen microbiome to nutritional and production practices in ruminants. What is needed is an initiative within the rumen microbial community, similar to... | 10.1017/s1751731112000419 | article | en | 2,012 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support for the methanogen genome sequencing and metagenomics projects from the following New Zealand funding agencies: the NZ Pastoral Greenhouse Gas Research Consortium, NZ Ministry for Agriculture and Forestry Sustainable Land Management Mitigation a... | 10.1017/s1751731112000419 | article | en | 2,012 | false | false | true | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to all ringers at the Cernek Ringing Station in the Kızılırmak delta for their help in capturing of birds and collecting feather mites. The study was financially supported by the Ondokuz Mayıs University Project Management Office (Project number F-478 ). | 10.1051/acarologia/20132078 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Immunology and Microbiology | https://openalex.org/fields/24 |
cc-by | Background: HIV-2 is endemic in West Africa. There is a lack of evidence-based guidelines on the diagnosis, management and antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-2 or HIV-1/HIV-2 dual infections. Because of these issues, we designed a West African collaborative cohort for HIV-2 infection within the framework of the Inter... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0066135 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Background: HIV-2 is endemic in West Africa. There is a lack of evidence-based guidelines on the diagnosis, management and antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-2 or HIV-1/HIV-2 dual infections. Because of these issues, we designed a West African collaborative cohort for HIV-2 infection within the framework of the Inter... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0066135 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Because of these issues, we designed and organized a West African collaborative cohort of HIV-2 infection within the framework of the International epidemiological Database to evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) [39]. We collected data on all HIV-2 and HIV-1/HIV-2 dually seropositive patients both ARV-naı ¨ve and ARV-treated and fo... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0066135 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Data Collection Standardized questionnaires capturing the relevant information on HIV-2 care have been developed with an electronic database implemented at the site level. All sites completed retrospectively and then prospectively the specific questionnaires and have entered the data in the unique IeDEA-WA HIV-2 databa... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0066135 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Data Management Clinical and biological questionnaires are collected and centralized at the IeDEA West Africa, Regional office in the Programme PACCI in Abidjan where they are checked for accuracy and completeness and transfer to the INSERM U897 Epidemiology centre in Bordeaux, France, for statistical analysis and coho... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0066135 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Discussion The IeDEA-WA-HIV-2 cohort is a multi-centre, multi-country collaboration on HIV-2 and dually seropositive patients in West Africa, the only region of the world where the two viruses are endemic (HIV-2) and epidemic (HIV-1). This is one of the largest datasets in the world on HIV-2 and provides the opportunit... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0066135 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | The network is reflecting on a similar successful experience of adult treatment centres in lower income countries [39] and aims to rapidly bridge the gap in clinical and programmatic information for people living with HIV-2. Furthermore, this collaboration includes not only patients on ART but also patient ''in care'... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0066135 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments Special thanks to Gerald Allou , Jean-Claude Azani and Severin Lenaud who are in charge of the monitoring of the IeDEA cohort. The authors want to thank the many professionals dedicated to care in the participating centres and the patients for their participation. *The IeDEA West Africa Collaborat... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0066135 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | The International epidemiological Database to Evaluate AIDS in West Africa ( IeDEA West Africa ) is supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the U. S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) as part of the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) (grant n... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0066135 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | 0) 45 (9. 7). 37 months (%) 141 (30. 0) 231 (41. 9) 49 (18. 2) 219 (47. 3) Status (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) Alive 355 (75. 5) 449 (81. 5) 190 (70. 4) 387 (83. 6) Deceased 7 (1. 5) 32 (5. 8) 10 (3. 7) 21 (4. 6) LTFU* 96 (20. 4) 56 (10. 2) 69 (25. 6) 46 (9. 9) Dropped out 5 (1. 1) 4 (0. 7) 0(0. 0) 1 (0. 2) Transferred ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0066135 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | The retrieval of the tropospheric ozone column from satellite data is very important for the characterization of tropospheric chemical and physical properties. However, the task of retrieving tropospheric ozone from space has to face with one fundamental difficulty: the contribution of the tropospheric ozone to the mea... | 10.1186/1687-6180-2013-21 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | 6 nm in the VIS channel. The OMI Global measurement mode provides almost global coverage in one day. In principle, a complete daily global coverage is possible at midlatitudes. However, a complex instrumental effect, called row anomalywhich started to appear in the Level 1B data on June 25th of 2007-creates some gaps i... | 10.1186/1687-6180-2013-21 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | The OMI-TOC NN algorithm Recently, a NN algorithm for tropospheric ozone column retrieval from OMI reflectance measurements has been proposed [26]. From now on, this algorithm will be referred to as OMI-TOC NN. The design and optimization stages of the algorithm are thoroughly discussed in [26]. The OMI-TOC NN was tr... | 10.1186/1687-6180-2013-21 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | The input vector for the OMI-TOC NN consists of OMI spectral reflectances at 19 selected wavelengths, extracted from OMI Level 1b data; the solar zenith angle (SZA) and the total ozone column taken from the operational OMI Level 2 product. Only Global measurement mode data were used, because only this observation mode ... | 10.1186/1687-6180-2013-21 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | The spectroscopic relevance of these two spectral ranges in the context of ozone retrievals is discussed in [27]. The dimensionality reduction of the reflectance spectra is useful for a number of reasons. First, using full spectra would lead to a very big input vector, which would in turn cause a need for a larger tra... | 10.1186/1687-6180-2013-21 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Validation set and intercomparison methodology Six European ozonesonde stations were used in the validation of the OMI-TOC NN: Ankara (Turkey), Izaña (Canary Islands, Spain), Lerwick (Shetland Islands, United Kingdom), Valentia Island (Republic of Ireland), L' Aquila and San Pietro Capofiume (Italy). No data from such ... | 10.1186/1687-6180-2013-21 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | The data for Izaña were taken from the public archive of the network for the detection of atmospheric composition change (NDACC). In addition to the data available from WOUDC and NDACC, data from two the two Italian ozonesonde stations of L' Aquila and San Pietro Capofiume were used. The L' Aquila ozone soundings were ... | 10.1186/1687-6180-2013-21 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | The ozone sounding activity at L' Aquila is performed within the framework of a collaboration between CETEMPS, L' Aquila University and the Italian Ministry for the Environment and Territory. The first soundings were performed in 1994. Since 2004, about two soundings per month have been regularly carried out on average... | 10.1186/1687-6180-2013-21 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Dataset In order to generate the validation set, the same colocation criteria as those used in the development of the OMI-TOC NN algorithm [26] were followed. Specifically, an ozone sounding and an OMI pixel were considered as co-located if two criteria were met: (i) the nominal coordinates of the ozonesonde station ... | 10.1186/1687-6180-2013-21 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Correction of tropopause related errors The results shown in Section 5 confirm the hypothesis that a relationship between the retrieval accuracy of the OMI-TOC NN and the tropopause pressure exists. Furthermore, they suggest that the use of tropopause information as an input for the algorithm has the potential to enhan... | 10.1186/1687-6180-2013-21 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | It can be observed that the new NN has a lower RMSE with respect to the previous one on all the three sets. The overall results for the set of ozonesonde stations considered in this article are shown in Figure 4. A significant reduction in the both RMSE and the bias is evident. Particularly significant is the reductio... | 10.1186/1687-6180-2013-21 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Methods: We developed a patient-level (Monte Carlo) model of HIV progression among untreated children <5 years of age, using the Cost-Effectiveness of Preventing AIDS Complications model framework: the CEPAC-Pediatric model. We populated the model with data on opportunistic infection and mortality risks from the Intern... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0083389 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Conclusions: The CEPAC-Pediatric model performed well in internal validation analyses. Increases in modeled mortality risks required to match UNAIDS data highlight the importance of pre-enrollment mortality in many pediatric cohort studies. | 10.1371/journal.pone.0083389 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Methods: We developed a patient-level (Monte Carlo) model of HIV progression among untreated children <5 years of age, using the Cost-Effectiveness of Preventing AIDS Complications model framework: the CEPAC-Pediatric model. We populated the model with data on opportunistic infection and mortality risks from the Intern... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0083389 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Conclusions: The CEPAC-Pediatric model performed well in internal validation analyses. Increases in modeled mortality risks required to match UNAIDS data highlight the importance of pre-enrollment mortality in many pediatric cohort studies. | 10.1371/journal.pone.0083389 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Analytic overview We developed a microsimulation model of pediatric HIV disease progression, the CEPAC-Pediatric model. As in the adult CEPAC model, clinical events are first simulated and validated in the absence of ART (a "natural history" model), in order to describe disease progression in the absence of ART and to ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0083389 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Calibration seeks to explicitly modify model input parameters, in order to make the model useful for predicting outcomes in cohorts or datasets distinct from the dataset used in internal validation [19, [23] [24] [25] 29]. The IeDEA East African cohort represents a highly selected population of children with excellent... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0083389 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Third, in addition to HIV-related mortality, the model includes a monthly risk of "non-AIDS death," derived from UNAIDS age-and sex-adjusted, country-specific mortality rates that exclude the impact of HIV [39]. For each simulated infant, the model tracks clinical events, changes in CD4%, and the amount of time spent ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0083389 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Discussion We developed a patient-level computer simulation model of disease progression among perinatally HIV-infected infants -the CEPAC-Pediatric model. This represents the first description of a Monte Carlo microsimulation model of untreated HIV disease in children, and the most detailed description to date of inte... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0083389 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | In contrast, children in IeDEA were likely to initiate ART when needed; although they were then censored from our analysis, this likely averted many of the risks of opportunistic infection and death that would have occurred had no ART been available. Second, the IeDEA dataset may reflect some degree of "survivor bias:"... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0083389 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | The WITS-derived CD4% inputs were varied extensively in sensitivity analyses, and found to have modest impact on goodness-of-fit between model-generated and observed survival risks. Second, there is no single accepted criterion by which to compare model-generated results to empiric data. Instead, expert guidance recomm... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0083389 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Although some possible parameter sets were necessarily excluded with this approach, we sampled the parameter space systematically, varying all model parameters in small increments through clinically plausible ranges and considering all 141 million resulting parameter combinations. In summary, we report the development,... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0083389 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Differences in the mortality risk parameters required to match data from the IeDEA cohort (model internal validation) and the UNAIDS cohort (model calibration) highlight the importance of early infant mortality before enrollment in many cohort studies, as well as the ability of simulation models to estimate mortality r... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0083389 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | 3 (blue line) and 5) the highest-mortality risk parameter set from Table 3 (red line). The 10 sample best-fitting parameter sets from calibration analyses are almost entirely obscured by the UNAIDS survival data (black line) due to their extremely close fit to the calibration target. The IeDEA survival curve from in... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0083389 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Chronic HIV mortality multiplier c Mean CD4% at birthMonthly CD4% decline a Acute clinical event mortality multiplier b 0-6m7-12m13-24m25-36m37-48m49-60mRoot-mean-squared error (RMSE) a. CD4% decline is shown as monthly decline (in CD4 percentage points) for months 1-3 of life, followed by for months 4+ of life. b. Mul... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0083389 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | International Epidemiologic Databases for the Evaluation of AIDS; WHO: World Health Organization; TB: tuberculosis; WITS: Women and Infants Transmission Study. a. WHO Stage 4, Stage 4, and TB events defined according to WHO classifications for HIV disease staging in children [3]. b. The publicly available WITS dataset ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0083389 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | International Epidemiologic Databases for the Evaluation of AIDS; WHO: World Health Organization; TB: tuberculosis; WITS: Women and Infants Transmission Study. a. WHO Stage 4, Stage 4, and TB events defined according to WHO classifications for HIV disease staging in children [3]. b. The publicly available WITS dataset ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0083389 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | 5. 0 X IeDEA risks (increments of 0. 5) Chronic HIV mortality risk c 0-6 months 1. 0-20. 0 X IeDEA risks (increments of 1. 0) 7-12 months 1. 0-20. 0 X IeDEA risks (increments of 1. 0) 13-24 months 0. 5-5. 0 X IeDEA risks (increments of 0. 5IeDEA risks (increments of 0. 2) IeDEA: International Epidemiologic Database to ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0083389 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Kathleen Kelly for assistance with model-based analyses and Jordan Francke for assistance with manuscript preparation. We also gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the entire Cost-Effectiveness of Preventing AIDS Complications-International (CEPAC-I ) researc... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0083389 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | cIeDEA: International Epidemiologic Databases for the Evaluation of AIDS; WHO: World Health Organization; TB: tuberculosis; WITS: Women and Infants Transmission Study. a. WHO Stage 4, Stage 4, and TB events defined according to WHO classifications for HIV disease staging in children [3]. b. The publicly available WITS ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0083389 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | As the data were collected under 'non-wild' conditions, we stress that our data provide only an estimate of the defecation frequency needed for population counts. However, we will be able to compare our estimates when activity budget data become available from currently radiocollared free-living individuals (R. Kowalcz... | 10.1007/s13364-013-0129-x | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments We are very grateful to the staff of the European Bison Show Reserve for their generous assistance. This research received funding from the European Union 7th Framework Programme under the project Research Potential in Conservation and Sustainable Management of Biodiversity-BIOCONSUS (grant agre... | 10.1007/s13364-013-0129-x | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | General Melting points were determined with an electrothermal melting point apparatus and are uncorrected. NMR spectra ( 1 H, 13 C) were recorded on a Bruker AM 300 (operating at 300. 13 MHz for 1 H, at 75. 47 MHz for 13 C) spectrometer (Centre Universitaire Re´gional d'Interface, Fe`s). NMR data are listed in ppm and ... | 10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.09.023 | article | en | 2,010 | true | false | false | false | Chemistry | https://openalex.org/fields/16 |
cc-by | Acknowledgement These results were obtained with the support of CORUS-2 project, a programme from the French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs implemented by the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD-DSF ). The authors also thank the Ministry of Higher Education and Research of Benin through the I... | 10.1186/1472-6882-13-77 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Western blot analysis of whole-cell extracts showed that SAMHD1 was equally expressed in PMA-treated and untreated U937eSAMHD1 cells (Figure 1A , lower panel). These results strongly suggest that the sole expression of SAMHD1 is not sufficient to confer resistance to HIV-1 infection. SAMHD1 restriction activity might ... | 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.03.017 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Immunology and Microbiology | https://openalex.org/fields/24 |
cc-by | Western blot analysis using anti-SAMHD1 antibody revealed equal amount of both wild-type and T592 SAMHD1 proteins (Figure 2D , lower panel). Next, in vivo detection of SAMHD1 phosphorylation at the T592 residue was tested using cell lysates of U937 cells expressing eSAMHD1 or eSAMHD1T592A mutant. The phospho-specific ... | 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.03.017 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Immunology and Microbiology | https://openalex.org/fields/24 |
cc-by | ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to thank members of the Molecular Virology lab for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the ERC ( 250333 ), Sidaction ( Fonds de dotation PIERRE BERGE) , ANRS , European FP7 '' HIT HIDDEN HIV '' contract 305762. A. C. was supported by ANRS. B. D.... | 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.03.017 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Immunology and Microbiology | https://openalex.org/fields/24 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements The meeting was supported by Fondazione Melanoma Onlus and the Society of ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (SITC). A special thanks to 3P Solution of Napoli for their support and cooperation in organizing the meeting and to Michael Hoetzel for providing us with the group picture from the meeting. Sacha Gnj... | 10.1186/1479-5876-11-137 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements The meeting was supported by Fondazione Melanoma Onlus and the Society of ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (SITC). A special thanks to 3P Solution of Napoli for their support and cooperation in organizing the meeting and to Michael Hoetzel for providing us with the group picture from the meeting. Sacha Gnj... | 10.1186/1479-5876-11-137 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Toxicological data All substances present in the oxygen absorber formulation, iron, iron oxides, sodium chloride and calcium hydroxide, have been evaluated and authorised for use as additives in plastic food contact materials. Iron and sodium chloride have also been evaluated for use in oxygen scavenger mixtures incorp... | 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3387 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | (2009a). In this work, potential radiative systematic biases existing between simulations used to train the networks and observations are computed for each channel by averaging, over the first three years of operation (July 2007-June 2010), the differences between simulations and collocated (in time and space) satellit... | 10.5194/acp-13-4279-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Aircraft data Very few measurements of CH 4 are available in the midtroposphere, rendering the validation of satellite retrievals as well as model simulations in the mid-troposphere quite delicate. The Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) is a network of ground-based Fourier transform spectrometers recording d... | 10.5194/acp-13-4279-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | We will also use measurements performed during 5 HIPPO (HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations) campaigns. The CONTRAIL project originates from regular in situ measurements of CO 2 made by commercial airliners of Japan Airlines (JAL) between Japan and Australia since the mid-1980s (Nakazawa et al. , 1991; Matsueda et al. , ... | 10.5194/acp-13-4279-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | , 2007). Its first operational phase was from 1999-2001. Since May 2005 the new, extended CARIBIC instrumentation package is employed once per month during regular passenger flights out of Germany to Asia, Africa, and North and South America. Both real-time measurements and air sample collection are performed. The air ... | 10.5194/acp-13-4279-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Five missions took place from January 2009 to September 2011. They measured atmospheric constituents along transects from approximately pole-to-pole over the Pacific Ocean and flew hundreds of vertical profiles from the ocean/ice surface to as high as the tropopause, at five times during different seasons over the 3 y... | 10.5194/acp-13-4279-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | IASI and CONTRAIL cycles agree quite well for the period July 2007-March 2009 when both data are available. This is particularly true in the Northern Hemisphere, where the seasonal cycle is well defined. The amplitudes of CONTRAIL and IASI cycles are in good agreement with each other: about 25 ppbv in the northern trop... | 10.5194/acp-13-4279-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Once more, both IASI and CARIBIC display similar variations and the aircraft data stay within the monthly standard deviation (light-blue shaded area in Fig. 4 ) retrieved from IASI with the two exceptions of very high values measured locally on 12 December 2010 and 18 January 2011. These two days illustrate the high va... | 10.5194/acp-13-4279-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | To compare both datasets, individual HIPPO measurements performed between 6 and 12 km (altitude range corresponding to IASI vertical sensitivity to CH 4 ) and IASI retrievals of methane are averaged in 1 • × 1 • boxes for each day of the five HIPPO missions that took place in January 2009 (HIPPO 1), October-November 20... | 10.5194/acp-13-4279-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | , 1994). Figure 6a shows the fitted methane cycle estimated from IASI data over the IASI period (July 2007 to December 2011) for the entire tropical region. Also shown are the deseasonalized trend function and its associated standard deviation. The growth rate of methane given by the derivative of the deseasonalized ... | 10.5194/acp-13-4279-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Figure5. HIPPO CH4 against IASI mid--tropospheric CH4. Symbols correspond to the 5 HIPPO missions (H1 to H5). For both datasets, CH4 individual measurements/retrievals have been averaged over 1°×1° boxes and then co--located in space for each day of the HIPPO missions. | 10.5194/acp-13-4279-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements. This research has received funding from the European Union 's Seventh Framework Programme ( FP7/2007-2013 ) under Grant Agreements no. 218793 and 283576 (MACC and MACC-II projects) and from the ESA GHG-CCI project. We particularly wish to thank Cathy Boone and the Ether Thematic Center team... | 10.5194/acp-13-4279-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Carbon and oxygen isotopic data The LO of Agriopleura in Western Europe was assumed to be located somewhere within the Toxancyloceras vandenheckii-Gerardhtia sartousiana zones (Masse and Fenerci-Masse, 2008 ). This extinction is regional, that is documented from Western Europe, and is coupled with a southward migratio... | 10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.06.029 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | In addition the conjunction of these events with the magnetic anomaly M1 cannot be discounted notwithstanding the highly debated role of such perturbations in biological phenomena in general and evolutionary patterns in particular (e. g. Plotnick, 1980; Raup, 1985). The LO bioevent is therefore highly selective and sho... | 10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.06.029 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments The original manuscript has benefited considerably from thoughtful corrections and appropriate comments and criticisms from both P. W. Skelton ( Open University, UK ) and F. Surlyk editor, who are warmly thanked. | 10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.06.029 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | The construction of shallow tunnels in urban areas requires a prior assessment of their effects on the existing structures. In the case of shield tunnel boring machines (TBM), the various construction stages carried out constitute a highly three-dimensional problem of soil/structure interaction and are not easy to repr... | 10.2478/sgem-2013-0020 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | NUMERICAL SIMULATION PROCEDURES The 3D procedure proposed in Fig. 5 for the simulation of the phased excavation is an attempt to accurately describe all the operations achieved by the TBM and the associated phenomena. It is implemented in the commercial numerical code FLAC3D. Using the TBM operation parameters recorde... | 10.2478/sgem-2013-0020 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Good illustrations of this species can be found in Takaki (1964) , Noguchi (1987) and Gao et al. (1999). Plants of Dicranum leiodontium can be confused with those of D. hamulosum Mitt. that have similarly erect and cylindrical capsules and a long-acuminate leaf apex, but the former species has a setaceous, excurren... | 10.1179/1743282013y.0000000064 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments This work was supported by The Natural History Museum, London (BM). T. Kiebacher is grateful to H. Köckinger for determining the specimen of Schistidium grande. N. G. Hodgetts would like to thank Ron Porley for redetermining specimens of Grimmia dissimulata from Madeira. V. Sahu , A. K. Asthana ... | 10.1179/1743282013y.0000000064 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | V. Dulin was performed with the financial support of Project № АААА-А16-116021010241-9: «Vegetation structural and functional organization, diversity of flora, lichen-and mycobiota of southern part of the 'Yugyd va' national park» ( 2016-2018 ) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Projects № 15-04-03479 -а... | 10.1179/1743282013y.0000000064 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | No. CZ. 1. 05/2. 1. 00/03. 0100 , the National Feasibility Programme I of the Czech Republic Project LO1208 and SYNTHESYS project DE-TAF-4436. K. Baráth and P. Erzberger thank L. Meinunger and W. Schröder , Ludwigsstadt (Germany) , for confirming the identity of Plagiothecium latebricola. The work of I. ... | 10.1179/1743282013y.0000000064 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | Aerosol absorption properties are of high importance to assess aerosol impact on regional climate. This study presents an analysis of aerosol absorption products obtained over the Mediterranean Basin or land stations in the region from multi-year groundbased AERONET and satellite observations with a focus on the Absorb... | 10.5194/acpd-13-9267-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Since AERONET level-2 absorption products require a high aerosol load (AOD at 440 nm > 0. 4), which is most often related to the presence of desert dust, we also consider level-1. 5 SSA data, despite their higher uncertainty, and filter out data with an Angstr öm exponent <1. 0 in order to study absorption by carbonace... | 10.5194/acpd-13-9267-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Sun-photometer observations show that values of AAOD at 440 nm vary between 0. 024 ± 0. 01 (resp. 0. 040 ± 0. 01) and 0. 050 ± 0. 01 (0. 055 ± 0. 01) for urban (dusty) sites. Analysis shows that the Mediterranean urban-industrial aerosols appear "moderately" absorbing with values of SSA close to ∼0. 94-0. 95 ± 0. 04 (a... | 10.5194/acpd-13-9267-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | = 1. 39/AAE West. = 1. 33) due to the influence of desert dust. The North-South AAE gradient is more pronounced, especially over the western basin. Our additional analysis of AERONET level-1. 5 data also shows that organic absorbing aerosols significantly affect some Mediterranean sites. These results indicate that cur... | 10.5194/acpd-13-9267-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
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