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cc-by | Model validation and formation of lipid droplets Due to the large size of GEMs (typically thousands of metabolic reactions), proper validation is essential to ensure HMR provides gene-transcript protein reaction (GTPR) links and GTPR represents functional relationships between genes/proteins and the corresponding react... | 10.1038/msb.2013.5 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | This was tested by making sure that the model could not generate high-energy compounds from low-energy compounds (such as ATP and water from ADP and phosphate or any organic compound from CO 2 and water). A third issue is that reactions may be dead-ends, meaning that they cannot carry flux, either because the model is ... | 10.1038/msb.2013.5 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Lastly, even a well-connected, thermodynamically correct and balanced model may not be able to perform all relevant metabolic functions, or it may be able to perform functions that it should not do (such as synthesis of essential amino acids or FAs). The model was therefore validated for 250 known metabolic functions o... | 10.1038/msb.2013.5 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | TCA cycle LpL LpL Malonyl-CoA large composite metabolite in our model. LDs have polar surfaces that contain a variety of proteins, PLs and sterols and have a non-polar core that contain CEs, DAGs and TAGs (Gross et al, 2011; Supplementary were incorporated into the model to predict the formation of LDs. Based on mea... | 10.1038/msb.2013.5 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Discussion We evaluated the presence/absence of 14 077 proteins in adipocytes using human antibodies and presented a highquality, simulation ready and functional GEM for adipocytes, iAdipocytes1809, based on proteome, metabolome and transcriptome data. iAdipocytes1809 was used to analyze clinically observed transcripto... | 10.1038/msb.2013.5 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Information from databases, for example, Uniprot, ENSEMBL, and published data from PubMed were used as guides to establish if immunohistochemical results represent expected protein expression of intended target protein. In addition, other validation strategies were used to ensure antibody validity, for example, protein... | 10.1038/msb.2013.5 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Transcriptome data for SAT Gene expression in SAT of subjects involved in SOS Sib Pair Study which includes nuclear families with BMI-discordant sibling pairs (BMI difference X10 kg/m 2 ) was measured by microarray. The study group consisted of 304 subjects (209 female and 95 male) divided into three different groups a... | 10.1038/msb.2013.5 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Figure3Illustration of the reconstruction process for iAdipocytes1809. (A) Human Metabolic Reaction (HMR) database was updated through the use of literature and previously published GEMs like HepatoNet1, Recon1 and EHMN and the Reactome database, with focus on the extensive lipid metabolism in adipocytes. HMR provides ... | 10.1038/msb.2013.5 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | The resulting gaps in the adipocyte-specific network were identified using the RAVEN Toolbox and filled manually using publicly available resources like KEGG, HumanCyc and Human Metabolic Atlas. Based on this, the comprehensive functional genome-scale metabolic model (GEM) for adipocytes, iAdipocytes1809, was reconstru... | 10.1038/msb.2013.5 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements We acknowledge Prof Fredrik Karpe and Dr Barbara A. Fielding , Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism for providing adipose tissue uptake rates for lean and obese subjects. This work was supported by grants from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation , the Chalmers Foundation... | 10.1038/msb.2013.5 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Data availability The annotation of the presence or absence of protein targets in adipocytes together with the high-resolution images is publically available through the HPA (http://www. proteinatlas. org). GEM for adipocytes, iAdipocytes1809 and HMR database is publically available in the Systems Biology Mark-up Langu... | 10.1038/msb.2013.5 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | The resulting gaps in the adipocyte-specific network were identified using the RAVEN Toolbox and filled manually using publicly available resources like KEGG, HumanCyc and Human Metabolic Atlas. Based on this, the comprehensive functional genome-scale metabolic model (GEM) for adipocytes, iAdipocytes1809, was reconstru... | 10.1038/msb.2013.5 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | The analyses presented use the full 2011 ATLAS dataset, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4. 7 ± 0. 1 fb -1 from proton-proton collisions produced by the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-ofmass energy of √ s = 7 TeV. | 10.1007/jhep09(2013)076 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Definitions 1. 2. 1 Jet algorithms In this paper, three jet algorithms are studied: the anti-k t algorithm [37] , the Cambridge-Aachen (C/A) algorithm [38, 39] , and the k t algorithm [40] [41] [42]. These are implemented within the framework of the FastJet software [43, 44]. They represent the most widely used inf... | 10.1007/jhep09(2013)076 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | (A. 1) of Ref. [26] are defined using the total invariant mass of the three subjets (m 123 ) and the invariant mass m ij formed from combinations of two of the three subjets ordered in p T. These conditions include: 2 R The ATLAS detector and data samples. | 10.1007/jhep09(2013)076 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | It is therefore possible to validate the JES and JMS, and also to estimate directly the pile-up energy contribution to jets. This approach was used extensively in the measurement of the jet mass and substructure properties of jets in the 2010 data [20] where pile-up was significantly less important and the statistica... | 10.1007/jhep09(2013)076 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | 5 ± 1. 2)% for anti-k t jets after trimming. The uncertainties are statistical, as extracted from the fitting procedure. It is also possible to repeat the fitting procedure after dividing the data and Monte Carlo simulation samples into bins of |η|. This allows a test of any potential |η| dependence in a range outside ... | 10.1007/jhep09(2013)076 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | This is done because the uncertainty of the track-jet p T tends to be small compared to the calorimeter-jet p T in the kinematic regime considered here. Tracks are matched to calorimeter-jets using ghost-track association. The jets are required to be within |η| < 2. 1 to ensure coverage of the associated tracks by the ... | 10.1007/jhep09(2013)076 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | 67 found previously seems to have the best stability. Studies from 2010 [20] demonstrate that this reduction in the sensitivity to pile-up is due primarily to the filtering step in the algorithm as opposed to the jet selection itself. 5 igure 19 presents the pile-up dependence of the mean leading-p jet T jet mass, ... | 10.1007/jhep09(2013)076 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Conclusions It has been demonstrated experimentally in this paper that jet grooming algorithms can improve the identification of Lorentz-boosted physics objects that decay to jets, as well as increase sensitivity to several new physics processes. The performance of large-R jets is improved overall, and the dependence o... | 10.1007/jhep09(2013)076 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | The substructure variables presented here also show good agreement between data and simulation, typically within 5% for key observables for modern NLO plus parton shower Monte Carlo programs such as POWHEG+PYTHIA, as well as for the LO MC program HERWIG++. The parameters of trimmed, pruned and mass-drop filtered jet al... | 10.1007/jhep09(2013)076 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | The HEPTopTagger has been demonstrated to be a robust and versatile tool to reconstruct hadronically-decaying top quarks in the presence of the underlying event and pile-up, using jet grooming and substructure techniques. A comparison to data shows that the algorithm is well modelled by the simulations. The HEPTopTagge... | 10.1007/jhep09(2013)076 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT , Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belaru... | 10.1007/jhep09(2013)076 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements We thank the Detection and Attribution Liaisons to IPCC AR5 WGII Chapter 18, Chris Field , and Mike Mastrandrea for many helpful discussions. We are also grateful to Yuka Estrada and Monalisa Chatterjee for assistance in graphic design. While the chapter authors are all members of the AR5 Chap... | 10.1007/s10584-013-0873-6 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Construction of promoter-exchange donor vectors A pUC19-based transfer vector was constructed to insert the selectable pif1 and pif 2 genomic region (nt 31,228 to 36,075) in the Sf NIC-B genome [11] (accession number HM595733), that would subsequently be used to insert alternative p10 or egt promoters from Spodoptera... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0078834 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Data acquisition and analysis were handled by Sequence Detector Version 2. 2. 2. software (Applied Biosystems). Sf NIC-B DNA was amplified in the pif1 region by conventional PCR using the qSfBpif1. F and qSf Bpif1. R primer set. The resulting product was electrophoresed in 1% agarose, excised and purified using a DNA p... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0078834 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Probit regression analysis of virus induced mortality in Spodoptera frugiperda second instars inoculated with (I. ) Wild-type SfMNPV (SfNIC-WT) and purified variant SfNIC-B occlusion bodies (OBs). (II. ) OBs comprising co-occluded mixtures of SfNIC-Begt and SfNIC-C defector genotype in the proportions indicated. (III. ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0078834 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments We thank N. Gorria and I. Iban ˜ez ( Universidad Publica de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain ) and Marcel Mariller ( Baculovirus et Therapie, UPS 3044, CNRS, Saint Christol les Ales, France ) for technical assistance. | 10.1371/journal.pone.0078834 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | 50 mm. A similar t for a pure HA lm gave E ¼ 108 Pa and L ¼ 0. 57 mm (inset). § At strains above 0. 2, the t underestimated the experimental data, indicating that the elastic response becomes nonlinear. In this regime, stress can be determined from the derivative of the force vs. distance curves through 46 P ¼ dW/dd... | 10.1039/c3sm51213d | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) Ellipsometry measures changes in the ellipsometric angles, D and J, of polarized light upon reection from a planar sample surface. We employed ellipsometry in situ at ambient temperature, using a custom-designed open glass cuvette. 68 Data were acquired with a spectroscopic rotating com... | 10.1039/c3sm51213d | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | 75 MDa. 44 With De Feijter's equation, we can estimate the refractive index change as Dn aggrecan ¼ [(dn/dc) peptide  c peptide + (dn/dc) GAG  c GAG ], where c peptide and c GAG are the peptide and GAG concentrations, respectively, and (dn/dc) peptide ¼ 0. 18 cm 3 g À1 and (dn/dc) GAG ¼ 0. 15 cm 3 g À1. Because the G... | 10.1039/c3sm51213d | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Colloidal probe AFM/RICM We used a NanoWizard II with a TAO module (JPK, Berlin, Germany), installed on an inverted optical microscope (Axio Observer D1; Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) to combine colloidal probe atomic force microscopy (AFM) with reection interference contrast microscopy (RICM), as described previously. ... | 10.1039/c3sm51213d | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO , refs RYC2009-04275 and MAT2011-24306 ), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF , ref. 0315157) and the European Research Council (Starting Grant 306435 ). | 10.1039/c3sm51213d | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO , refs RYC2009-04275 and MAT2011-24306 ), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF , ref. 0315157) and the European Research Council (Starting Grant 306435 ). | 10.1039/c3sm51213d | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements DAL acknowledges support from the American Society of Hematology ( Research Award for Fellows-in-Training ) and the American Cancer Society. CJW acknowledges support from the Blavatnik Family Foundation , the Lymphoma Research Foundation , NHLBI ( 1RO1HL103532-01 ; 1RO1HL116452-01 ) and NCI (... | 10.1186/gm451 | review | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Using precise full-sky observations from Planck, and applying several methods of component separation, we identify and characterize the emission from the Galactic "haze" at microwave wavelengths. The haze is a distinct component of diffuse Galactic emission, roughly centered on the Galactic centre, and extends to |b| ∼... | 10.1051/0004-6361/201220271 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Nevertheless, the spectrum was found to be both significantly softer than free-free emission, and also significantly harder than the synchrotron emission observed elsewhere in the Galaxy as traced by the low-frequency synchrotron measurements of Haslam et al. (1982) (see also Reich & Reich 1988; Davies et al. 1996; ... | 10.1051/0004-6361/201220271 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | In Sect. 2 we describe the Planck data as well as some external templates we use in our analysis. In Sect. 3 we describe the two most effective component separation techniques for studying the haze emission in temperature. In Sect. 4 we discuss our results on the morphology and spectrum of the haze, before summarising ... | 10.1051/0004-6361/201220271 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Two data processing centres (DPCs) check and calibrate the data and make maps of the sky (Planck HFI Core Team 2011b; Zacchei et al. 2011 ). Planck's sensitivity, angular resolution, and frequency coverage make it a powerful instrument for galactic and extragalactic astrophysics as well as cosmology. Early astrophysic... | 10.1051/0004-6361/201220271 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | The latter involves the complication that no CMB estimate is completely clean of the foregrounds to be measured, which thereore introduces a bias (with the same spectrum as the CMB) in the inferred foreground spectra. As shown by DF08, this bias becomes increasingly large with frequency and renders an exact measurement... | 10.1051/0004-6361/201220271 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | This approach has been advocated by Eriksen et al. (2007 Eriksen et al. ( , 2008a) ) and Dickinson et al. (2009) and has been applied recently to the WMAP 7-year data by Pietrobon et al. (2012). A detailed description of the algorithm and its validation on simulated data is provided by Eriksen et al. (2008b, and ... | 10.1051/0004-6361/201220271 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | 4. 1). However, it is well established that the low-frequency emission actually consists of several components. Following Pietrobon et al. (2012) , our procedure for separating these components is to perform a template fit as specified in Eq. 2 on the Commander solution for the low-frequency amplitude (i. e. , replaci... | 10.1051/0004-6361/201220271 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Results In what follows, we perform four different types of haze extraction: 1. A masked full-sky (FS) template fit for each input frequency band. 2. Template fits over subsections of the sky (RG) that are combined to give a full-sky haze map for each input frequency band. 3. A Commander fit (CMD1) with a simple two-co... | 10.1051/0004-6361/201220271 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Template fitting In order to further our understanding of the spectrum and morphology of the microwave haze component, we augment the Planck data with the WMAP 7-year data set (covering the frequency range 23-94 GHz) and the 408 MHz data. For the template-fitting method, the inclusion of the new data is trivial since E... | 10.1051/0004-6361/201220271 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Our template fit approach can be written as a H h + a F f = b H h ′ + b F f ′ , (6) where we are solving for a H and a F while b H and b F are the true amplitudes. The a H solution to this equation is a H = b H × Γ hh ′ -Γ f h ′ Γ h f 1 -Γ f h Γ h f + b F × Γ h f ′ -Γ f f ′ Γ h f 1 -Γ f h Γ h f , (7) where, for example... | 10.1051/0004-6361/201220271 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | We measure the spectrum in the GC south region |l| < 35 • and -35 • < b < 0 • by performing a linear fit (slope and offset) over unmasked pixels and convert the slope measurement to a power law given the central frequencies of the Planck and WMAP data (see Fig. 7 ). Specifically, we fit R 23 H = A ν × R ν H + B ν (8) o... | 10.1051/0004-6361/201220271 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Summary We have identified the presence of a microwave haze in the Planck LFI data and performed a joint analysis with 7-year WMAP data. Our findings verify not only that the haze is real, but also that it is consistent in amplitude and spectrum in these two different experiments. Furthermore, we have used Planck HFI m... | 10.1051/0004-6361/201220271 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements. The development of Planck has been supported by: ESA ; CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France) ; ASI , CNR , and INAF (Italy) ; NASA and DoE (USA) ; STFC and UKSA (UK) ; CSIC , MICINN and JA (Spain) ; Tekes, AoF and CSC (Finland) ; DLR and MPG (Germany) ; CSA (Canada) ; DTU Space ... | 10.1051/0004-6361/201220271 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Non Celiac Gluten sensitivity (NCGS) was originally described in the 1980s and recently a "re-discovered" disorder characterized by intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms related to the ingestion of gluten-containing food, in subjects that are not affected with either celiac disease (CD) or wheat allergy (WA). Althou... | 10.3390/nu5103839 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Epidemiology The overall prevalence of NCGS in the general population is still unknown, mainly because many patients are currently self-diagnosed and start a GFD without medical advice or consultation. However, new data confirm that this is not an uncommon disorder at all. In a region of New Zealand, 5% of children rep... | 10.3390/nu5103839 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | No major complication of untreated NCGS has so far been described; especially autoimmune comorbidity, as observed in CD, has not been reported so far. However, natural history data on NCGS are still lacking. Therefore it is difficult to draw firm conclusions on the outcome of this condition. | 10.3390/nu5103839 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | The above data suggest that removing gluten from the diet may positively affect the clinical outcome in some children diagnosed with ASD, indicating that autism may be part of the spectrum of NCGS, at least in some cases. However, a word of caution is necessary to stress the fact that only a small, selected sub-group o... | 10.3390/nu5103839 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Is NCGS permanent or transitory? Is the threshold of sensitivity the same for everybody, or change from subject to subject and in the same subject over time? How frequent is NCGS? The range reported in the literature is between 0. 5% and 6%, based on poorly conducted studies and on definitions of the disease that varie... | 10.3390/nu5103839 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments We wish to express our gratitude to Jacqueline Pante ( Schär, Merano, Italy ) and Andrea Comaschi ( Weber Shandwick, Milan, Italy ) for logistic support in the organization of the Munich Meeting. | 10.3390/nu5103839 | review | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | A control simulation representative of the present-day climatic state that uses 8 plant functional types (PFTs), prescribed phenology and generic PFT-specific isoprene emission potentials (fraction of electrons available for isoprene synthesis) reproduces 50 % of the variability across different ecosystems and seasons ... | 10.5194/acp-13-10243-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | The modeling methodology and isoprene emission algorithm are detailed in Sect. 2. In Sect. 3, we specify the control and sensitivity global simulations that are carried out for this work. Section 4 summarizes the global model results and presents the model evaluation including: summary of simulated global GPP and isopr... | 10.5194/acp-13-10243-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Global database of campaign-average isoprene flux measurements Our goal is to assess the model's ability to capture the isoprene emission variability across a wide range of ecosystem types and seasons. We have assembled a global database of campaign-average above-canopy isoprene flux measurements obtained between 1995-... | 10.5194/acp-13-10243-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Time-varying isoprene emission through campaign periods We examine the time-varying performance at 9 select measurement sites described in Table 6. Some of the sites are part of the global database of campaign-average fluxes (Table 3 ). There are 4 tropical sites on 2 different continents, 4 temperate broadleaf sites... | 10.5194/acp-13-10243-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Description of the 28 campaign-average above-canopy isoprene flux measurements collected between 1995-2010 across a wide range of ecosystem types, regions and seasons that comprise the benchmark global database. Codes for model vegetation fractions are: Td = tundra; G = grass; Sh = shrub; S = savanna; D = deciduous; T ... | 10.5194/acp-13-10243-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Comparison of the global database and simulated isoprene emission. Units are mgC m -2 h -1. The model values are either monthly or seasonal means to be consistent with the observation time period. The averaging period for the observations is indicated where the information is available. [MDA = mid-day average; DTA = da... | 10.5194/acp-13-10243-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements. Funding for this research was provided by Yale University. This project was supported in part by the facilities and staff of the Yale University Faculty of Arts and Sciences High Performance Computing Center. The authors thank M. Jung , G. Bohrer , W. Munger , A. Friend , E. Blyth , and M. J. ... | 10.5194/acp-13-10243-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | 6 for Sim-CONT and SimH2O results). The model results are monthly or seasonal averages that correspond to the time period dur- has the largest impact on the magnitude of isoprene emission rate in the North American deciduous sites. Based on linear regression, the control run SimCONT is able to reproduce 50 % of the var... | 10.5194/acp-13-10243-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Patients One hundred and seventeen patients have been consecutively referred to our dermatology unit for MM between January 2007 and May 2012. Selection criteria included availability of tumor tissue from primary melanoma and metastasis, and pathologically confirmed stage IIIb, IIIc or IV on American Joint Committee on... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0070826 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Accordingly, all patients received from Dr. T. Jouary oral and written information for research on their material with possibility to refuse the use of their data and material. Moreover, results of the supplemental immunohistochemical detection of BRAFV600E were collected blindly and anonymously while molecular analyse... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0070826 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | The HRM protocol consisted of an initial denaturation of 95uC for 10 minutes, followed by 55 cycles of amplification consisting of denaturation at 95uC for 15 seconds, annealing at 60uC for 25 seconds, and extension 72uC for 15 seconds. Melting was performed with a denaturation step at 95uC for 1 minute, followed by an... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0070826 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Correlation between immunohistochemical and molecular data Correlation analyses were performed both for BRAF V600E and for other BRAF mutations (BRAF mt ) which are relevant for patients who may benefit from BRAF or MEK inhibitors molecules. The 109 BRAF V600E immunopositive samples were all detected also by molecular ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0070826 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | High Throughput Screening (HTS) C33A-2D2 cells were seeded into white, solid-bottom, tissue culture-treated, 384-well polystyrene plates at a density of 5610 3 cells per well in 25 ml media. Compounds, BMP-4 (positive control), or DMSO (negative control) were transferred with a V&P 384-well pintool at 30 nl/well to giv... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0059045 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | P-Erk levels were quantified by scanning the films from three independent experiments, each normalized to Erk levels as control using Image J software. | 10.1371/journal.pone.0059045 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | High Throughput Screen of a library of bioactive compounds We used the optimized assay to screen the 'bioactives' compound collection using a fixed concentration of 12 mM. BMP-4 (100 ng/mL) and DMSO (0. 12%) on each plate as positive and negative controls, respectively. Data was analyzed using a custom informatics appl... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0059045 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | This result was confirmed by increasing expression levels of ALP in a dosedependent manner, above DMSO control, providing further functional evidence that this compound is a BMP signaling activator (Figure 6B ). Quantification of ALP was performed by measuring luminescence from cleavage of a chemiluminescent substrate... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0059045 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Representative images are shown for each compound, quantification was performed using Image J analysis software, relative expression levels of P-Erk from 3 independent experiments are shown. (DOC). | 10.1371/journal.pone.0059045 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments Authors would like to thank CTV staff in 'Thibar' for their permanent help in the field. Authors are so grateful to SQPOV team in INRA-Avignon for their excellent technical and scientific support in the lab. in particular to Mrs Line Tichit. This work is jointly financed by Ministry of Higher Educa... | 10.1016/j.scienta.2013.05.037 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Agricultural and Biological Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
cc-by | Statistical Analysis For quantitative imaging, results of non-Sx GD patients were compared with those of the matched controls. Comparisons between non-Sx and Sx GD patients were made for all study parameters. Non-parametric, two-tailed tests were employed on all statistical analyses. For correlations, Spearman's rho wa... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0057507 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Participants Of the 23 included participants (16 GD and 7 controls), 21 completed all study procedures. Two patients were excluded after inclusion: one Sx GD patient was unable to participate due to complications unrelated to the study procedures; one non-Sx GD patient withdrew consent before study procedures were comp... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0057507 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge the Dutch Gaucher patients for their willingness to participate in this study, and Prof. dr. J. M. F. G Aerts ( Dept of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ) for providing the chitotriosidase assay, the helpful discussions and review of the... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0057507 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | I N T RO D U C T I O N A strong knowledge of the long-term variations of palaeofield intensity is essential for a complete description of the geomagnetic field and its behaviour. Absolute palaeointensity data are difficult to recover because of the high failure rate of the widely used Thellier-Thellier method (Thellie... | 10.1093/gji/ggs100 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | In particular, the experimental data published so far and gathered in the PINT database (Biggin et al. 2010) show that there is an ongoing controversy about the intensity of the geomagnetic field during the. By compiling data since Triassic time, Prévot et al. (1990) suggested the existence of a period of low field... | 10.1093/gji/ggs100 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | The raw susceptibility data were corrected for the empty sample holder and normalized to the maximum susceptibility. U1347: 6 samples were measured and they showed 3 different behaviours. Although they all have rather low Curie temperatures between 150 and 250 • C, they showed various degrees of reversibility. The susc... | 10.1093/gji/ggs100 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Selection criteria The representation and statistical analysis of palaeointensity data were carried out with the ThellierTool software provided by Leonhardt et al. (2004). In this software, the basic statistical parameters are those introduced by Coe et al. (1978) with the modifications proposed by Prévot et al. (1... | 10.1093/gji/ggs100 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | VDM values Palaeointensity values must be converted into VDM to be compared with data from other locations, using the inclination measured at this site. The directions obtained from the palaeointensity experiments show a very large scattering, and the averaging is not sufficient. Therefore we prefer to use inclinations... | 10.1093/gji/ggs100 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Computational Thermodynamics is based on physically realistic models to describe metallic and oxide crystalline phases as well as the liquid and the gas in a consistent manner [1]. The models are used to assess experimental and theoretical data for many different materials and several thermodynamic databases has been ... | 10.1051/epjconf/20135101006 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Computational Thermodynamics: Assessment 2 All kinds of data that can be calculated from the Gibbs energy of the system can, and must, be used to fit the model parameters. O/U T=2700 K T=2600 K T=2500 K T=2400 K T=2300 K T=2250 K T=2200 K T=2100 K T=2000 K T=1950 K T=1900 K T=1800 K T=1700 K T=1600 K T=1500 K T=1400 K ... | 10.1051/epjconf/20135101006 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Computational Thermodynamics: Assessment 2 All kinds of data that can be calculated from the Gibbs energy of the system can, and must, be used to fit the model parameters. O/U T=2700 K T=2600 K T=2500 K T=2400 K T=2300 K T=2250 K T=2200 K T=2100 K T=2000 K T=1950 K T=1900 K T=1800 K T=1700 K T=1600 K T=1500 K T=1400 K ... | 10.1051/epjconf/20135101006 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | With an assessed thermodynamic database it is easy to calculate the set of stable set of phases, their amount and composition and the chemical potentials of the components for the varying external conditions. | 10.1051/epjconf/20135101006 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Conclusions There are many factors which must be modelled and determined experimentally in order to understand the behaviour of multicomponent materials. With an assessed thermodynamic database it is easy to calculate the set of stable set of phases, their amount and composition and the chemical potentials of the compo... | 10.1051/epjconf/20135101006 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | We developed a new phage-display based approach, the Large Fragment Phage Display (LFPD), that can be used for mapping conformational epitopes on target molecules of immunological interest. LFPD uses a simplified and more effective phage-display approach in which only a limited set of larger fragments (about 100 aa in ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0058358 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | The sera from MBC recognized 3 epitopes on fragments hum1, hum7 and hum11 (Figure 2a ). Interestingly, the sera from EBC recognized the same 3 epitopes recognized by sera from MBC (hum1, hum7 and hum11), plus an additional epitope, positioned on hum9 fragment (Figure 2a ). The possibility to use the epitope contained... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0058358 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | The screening with sera of non-tolerant mice permitted to identify conformational epitopes corresponding to fragments rat1, rat2, rat9 and rat11. This result was confirmed using the sera obtained from tolerant mice, although with a lower reactivity. In addition, sera from mice vaccinated with a truncated form of rat HE... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0058358 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Molecular modeling and conformational epitope prediction All the calculations have been carried out on MacPro (Apple, Cuppertino, Ca) workstations, using the Discovery Studio 2. 1 (Accelrys, Inc. ) software package. The rat 1-11 fragment structures were constructed with homology modeling using the extracellular portion... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0058358 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Flow cytometric analysis Indirect immunofluorescence assay was performed on live cells (HEK293 stable transfected with human HER2) with human sera. Cells were incubated with sera (1:200) for 30 min at 37uC, washed twice, and incubated with goat anti-human IgG (1:100) (Kirkegaard & Perry Laboratories, Gaithersburg, MD, ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0058358 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments We thank the Norwegian Research Council (NFR) for their support through the Norwegian PhD Network on Nano-technology for Microsystems and the ISBILAT program. | 10.1364/oe.21.031375 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements The authors greatly appreciate the financial support from Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia through High Impact Research Grant HIR-MOHE D000008-16001 and the support from University of Malaya through Postgraduate Research Grant PV048/2011B. | 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2013.03.006 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | They studied bubbly and sluggish flow pattern at low heat flux and thin annular and churn flows at high heat flux using three different mass fluxes. Fang et al. [8] conducted a comparative study of existing correlations for flow boiling heat transfer in microchannels. They collected 1158 data points of flow boiling he... | 10.1186/1556-276x-8-130 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Experimental procedure, data reduction, and uncertainties For all tests, the heat exchange surface was oriented vertically. The liquid in the tank was first preheated to the required temperature. The liquid flow rate was adjusted with a regulating valve at the desired value. All temperatures were recorded during time. ... | 10.1186/1556-276x-8-130 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Acknowledgment The authors of this article would like to thank the French Ministry of Industry and Commerce (DGCIS) for the funding of this work, which is integrated in the European project OPERANET-2 labeled by Celtic-Plus. | 10.1186/1556-276x-8-130 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | , 2012) if d 18 O in phloem OM reflects the oxygen isotopic signature of leaf water or if changes in d 18 O during phloem loading and/or transport can be accounted for. Moreover, if phloem OM d 18 O does not directly reflect the leaf water oxygen isotope signature, interpretation of tree ring d 18 O data would need to... | 10.1111/nph.12359 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Meteorological measurements Air temperature (T a ), vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were determined above the canopy at the Hartheim, Hesse II and Tumbarumba sites. For details of the instrumentation see Holst et al. (2008) , Granier et al. (2000) and Leuning et al. (2005... | 10.1111/nph.12359 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Phloem metabolite analysis Samples (250 ll) of the bulk phloem exudate of pine, oak and beech were dried under vacuum and derivatisation (methoxyamine and silylation with N-methyl-N-trimethylsilylfluoroacetamide) as well as GC-MS analysis for metabolite profiling were performed without further purification according to... | 10.1111/nph.12359 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | nist. gov/srd/nist1a. cfm) and a user-defined metabolite library based on the Golm metabolome database ( (Kopka et al. , 2005) ; http://csbdb. mpimp-golm. mpg. de/csbdb/gmd/msri/gmd_msri. html). For the 25 most abundant identified compounds calibration curves were made with external standards to quantify metabolite co... | 10.1111/nph.12359 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements A. G. acknowledges support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under contract numbers GE 1090/8-1 and 9-1. Meteorological data for the Hartheim and Tumbarumba site were provided by Helmut Mayer and Ray Leuning , respectively. G. D. F. acknowledges support from the Australian Research C... | 10.1111/nph.12359 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
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