id stringlengths 17 17 | subset stringclasses 2
values | is_combinatorial bool 2
classes | hardness_tier stringclasses 5
values | context stringlengths 0 4.02k | question stringlengths 1 845 | options stringlengths 26 1.73k | answer stringclasses 53
values | true_statement stringclasses 5
values | reasoning_type stringclasses 4
values | task_format stringclasses 9
values | tier_config stringclasses 22
values | tier stringclasses 5
values | gold_score float64 37.9 790 | original_id stringlengths 0 17 | full_metrics stringlengths 331 343 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LOGI-2bd47cf1c218 | base | false | base | Dean: The mathematics department at our university has said that it should be given sole responsibility for teaching the course Statistics for the Social Sciences. But this course has no more mathematics in it than high school algebra does. The fact that a course has mathematics in it does not mean that it needs to be ... | The dean's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it | ["A. presumes, without providing justification, that expertise in a subject does not enable one to teach that subject well", "B. purports to refute a view by showing that one possible reason for that view is insufficient", "C. presumes, without providing justification, that most students are as knowledgeable about math... | "B" | abductive | argument analysis | {} | 51.28 | {"gold_score": 51.28, "coherence_depth": 0.17, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 27, "logic_density": 2.57, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 2724, "reasoning_segments": 151, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-9ff35029e0c0 | base | false | base | Manufacturing around the globe is being hit by strong increases in the cost of commodities. In some industries, such as the automotive sector, it is common that contracts require annual price reductions. This means that manufacturers in these sectors are unable to pass on price increases. In other sectors there seems t... | You can infer from the passage that some automotive manufacturers will have to cease trading. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 45.15 | {"gold_score": 45.15, "coherence_depth": 0.14, "cognitive_entropy": 0.24, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 20, "logic_density": 2.06, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 2379, "reasoning_segments": 150, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-191e7814b712 | base | false | base | Two men posing as council workers have been accused of stealing £500 from an 84-year-old man after offering to clear up leaves from the driveway of his home. The two men called at a house in Aspenwood Drive, Sherlston, owned and lived in by Mr Stephen Pimblett during the morning of 12 October. After introducing themsel... | A thorough search of the house would probably have shown that the sum of money Mr Pimblett claimed to have been stolen was still in the place where he had hidden it. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | situational judgement | {} | 72.64 | {"gold_score": 72.64, "coherence_depth": 0.13, "cognitive_entropy": 0.42, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 40, "logic_density": 1.9, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.3, "thinking_length": 5085, "reasoning_segments": 300, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-9f8906812b3d | base | false | base | Although often considered a trivial and mundane aspect of corporate affairs, designing a logo for a global company can be an extremely expensive, thorough process, or a cheap and convenient one. At the extreme end, the oil and gas company BP spend over $200,000,000 designing and developing their logo. Similarly the man... | BP holds the record for most expensive logo. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 81.7 | {"gold_score": 81.7, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 46, "logic_density": 1.75, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.75, "fallacy_risk": 3.1, "thinking_length": 9554, "reasoning_segments": 440, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-fdbb10a50cbc | combinatorial | true | Hard | 只有加大科技创新投入，集中精力研发高质量科学技术并投入市场化运用，想方设法为创新松绑解套，才能在关键核心技术领域实现重大突破，为经济发展提供源源不断的增长动力。
由此可以推出：
I. 如果不加大科技创新投入，就不能在关键核心技术领域实现重大突破
II. 如果未在关键核心技术领域实现重大突破，说明没有想方设法为创新松绑解套
III. 如果能够为经济发展提供源源不断的增长动力，就说明在关键核心技术领域实现重大突破
IV. 如果在关键核心技术领域实现重大突破，为经济发展提供源源不断的增长动力，也有可能未加大科技创新投入 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 III", "B. IV \u6216 II", "C. \u975e II", "D. I \u4e3a\u771f", "E. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb"] | ["C", "D"] | I | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["NOT"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 115.26 | LOGI-fdbb10a50cbc | {"gold_score": 115.26, "coherence_depth": 0.19, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 64, "logic_density": 2.78, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 1.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 7324, "reasoning_segments": 568, "is_high... |
LOGI-7849f50decd8 | base | false | base | Look at this series: 7, 9, 66, 12, 14, 66, 17 | What numbers should come next? | ["A. 19, 66", "B. 66, 19", "C. 19, 22", "D. 20, 66", "E. 66, 20"] | "A" | inductive | logical sequence | {} | 43.09 | {"gold_score": 43.09, "coherence_depth": 0.07, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 2, "pivot_count": 25, "logic_density": 1.09, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 2138, "reasoning_segments": 204, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-19e36e0fed4f | combinatorial | true | Medium | Alphanumeric series
What comes next in the series: 10, B, 100, D, 200, G, 310, ...?
I. J 400
II. K 430
III. L 390
IV. J 430 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. IV \u6216 I", "B. \u4ec5 I", "C. I \u6216 III", "D. II \u4e3a\u771f", "E. \u4ec5 IV"] | ["D"] | II | inductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 41.59 | LOGI-19e36e0fed4f | {"gold_score": 41.59, "coherence_depth": 0.04, "cognitive_entropy": 0.16, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.33, "abstraction_level": 2, "pivot_count": 25, "logic_density": 0.62, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 4452, "reasoning_segments": 424, "is_high_... |
LOGI-dbf0f669093c | base | false | base | A study has estimated that 20% of Americans have used prescription drugs for nonmedical reasons, while the number of deaths from accidental drug poisoning has quintupled since 1990. Prescription drug abuse is the fastest-growing drug problem in the United States and most experts concur that the cause is the increased a... | Medical professionals do not support proposed government restrictions on the prescription of opioids. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 58.74 | {"gold_score": 58.74, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 0.48, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 31, "logic_density": 1.46, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.7, "thinking_length": 5354, "reasoning_segments": 205, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-45c070c94a35 | base | false | base | On Saturday 12 May at 09.30 the groundsman at Dithcote Cricket Club discovered that the wickets had been vandalized and that the turf had been dug up and removed. The afternoon match between teams drawn from the members of the Conservative Club and the Round Table had to be cancelled. By Sunday it was evident that weed... | The Conservative Party had blocked the recent campaign to make Dithcote a nuclear-free zone. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | situational judgement | {} | 158.37 | {"gold_score": 158.37, "coherence_depth": 0.22, "cognitive_entropy": 0.96, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 95, "logic_density": 3.23, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 1.2, "thinking_length": 8502, "reasoning_segments": 504, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-0bd461a01146 | base | false | base | Prions (short for proteinaceous infectious particle) are infectious protein structures that replicate through conversion of normal host proteins of the same type. Though the exact mechanisms of their actions and reproduction are unknown, it is now commonly accepted that prions are responsible for a number of previously... | Prion diseases are not all dangerous and could give some evolutionary advantage to their host. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 64.23 | {"gold_score": 64.23, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.36, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 30, "logic_density": 1.4, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 1.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 5432, "reasoning_segments": 233, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-4b9581df6eaa | combinatorial | true | Hard | Officer Troy arrives at the scene of a hit-and-run traffic accident. Mrs. Chen tells him she was waiting for the light to change when a car struck her from behind. The driver backed up and left the scene. She saw his license plate as he left, as did three teenaged witnesses waiting for the school bus.
Which one is most... | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. II \u6216 III", "B. I \u6216 III", "C. \u4ec5 IV", "D. \u975e III", "E. I \u6216 IV"] | ["B", "D", "E"] | I | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 3, "operators": ["NOT", "OR"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 81.17 | LOGI-4b9581df6eaa | {"gold_score": 81.17, "coherence_depth": 0.22, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 45, "logic_density": 3.26, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.75, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 3015, "reasoning_segments": 213, "is_high... |
LOGI-ba22001123e8 | base | false | base | The majority of Member States have been holding discussions in recent years regarding the introduction of new taxes on the financial sector and the impact they would have on pensions. They recognise that creating additional taxes on the financial sector could be a path to alleviating the problems they now face in relat... | it is important to find a way to generate extra income to alleviate the problems our pensions face | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 86.4 | {"gold_score": 86.4, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 51, "logic_density": 2.23, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.9, "thinking_length": 7267, "reasoning_segments": 339, "is_high_qu... | |||
LOGI-c2163db25a4a | base | false | base | You can find out so much about people on the internet these days that civil liberty campaigners are arguing for new laws so that people can get back some vestige of control over their personal data. The 1998 Data Protection Act gives us the right to know the personal information companies are holding. But the new threa... | The penultimate sentence of the passage illustrates the sort of things that people post on the internet. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 43.56 | {"gold_score": 43.56, "coherence_depth": 0.05, "cognitive_entropy": 0.6, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 20, "logic_density": 0.79, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 6385, "reasoning_segments": 240, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-3999ea777183 | base | false | base | Biofuels are now being used worldwide and supporters claim that they are a sustainable, renewable and cleaner alternative to traditional fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum, supplies of which are becoming depleted. Biofuels are increasingly used in the transportation sector. The main producers of biofuels are in As... | Biofuels can be used to power aircraft. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 45.62 | {"gold_score": 45.62, "coherence_depth": 0.13, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 23, "logic_density": 1.96, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 5492, "reasoning_segments": 280, "is_high_qu... | |||
LOGI-7232abb55cae | base | false | base | Between 10 and 12 December the police have reported over 120 cases of sharp metal pieces being found in jars of Janesons mincemeat. The police have evidence that the person responsible is an employee of Janesons. It is also known that: Janesons has rearranged its management structure and will be making 20 senior employ... | The metal pieces found in the jars of mincemeat may have come from the new suppliers of dried fruit. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | situational judgement | {} | 108.76 | {"gold_score": 108.76, "coherence_depth": 0.23, "cognitive_entropy": 0.72, "abductive_strength": 1.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 59, "logic_density": 3.45, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 4658, "reasoning_segments": 279, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-f49bbebe424c | base | false | base | Over the last ten years the reach and the sophistication of international supply chains has increased. The three main factors influencing global supply cham design are manufacturing operations, distribution and transportation. These logistic networks connect the supphers base to its end customer goods and services. The... | Every company m a supply chain should try to make the maximum profit. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 63.83 | {"gold_score": 63.83, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.96, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 34, "logic_density": 1.84, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 1.6, "thinking_length": 6533, "reasoning_segments": 295, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-bea3d8563a23 | base | false | base | Digital broadcasting heralds a new paradigm in television broadcasting. This sophisticated broadcasting technology allows broadcasters to offer television with multiple broadcasting choices and interactive capabilities and high-quality sound and image. However, digital broadcasting should not be confused with High-Defi... | A set-top box 1s necessary in order to access digital broadcasts. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 46.33 | {"gold_score": 46.33, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 0.66, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 24, "logic_density": 2.27, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 2.2, "thinking_length": 4927, "reasoning_segments": 291, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-2bce294e9462 | base | false | base | Although commonly referred to as tidal waves, tsunamis are not caused by tides. A tsunami is a series of fast-moving waves created by a disturbance above or below sea level. Although earthquakes are the most common cause of tsunamis, volcanic eruptions and landslides can also trigger a tsunami. A tsunami can occur in a... | Earthquakes occur most frequently in the Pacific Ocean. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 49.79 | {"gold_score": 49.79, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 0.36, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 26, "logic_density": 1.43, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 1.5, "thinking_length": 3813, "reasoning_segments": 211, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-9072ab418f5d | base | false | base | Psychologist: Psychotherapists who attempt to provide psychotherapy on radio or television talk shows are expected to do so in ways that entertain a broad audience. However, satisfying this demand is nearly always incompatible with providing high-quality psychological help. For this reason, psychotherapists should neve... | Which one of the following principles must be assumed in order for the psychologist's conclusion to be properly drawn? | ["A. It is never appropriate for psychotherapists to attempt to entertain a broad audience.", "B. The context in which psychological help is presented has a greater impact on its quality than the nature of the advice that is given.", "C. Psychotherapy should never be provided in a context in which there is any chance t... | "E" | deductive | argument analysis | {} | 74.4 | {"gold_score": 74.4, "coherence_depth": 0.28, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 40, "logic_density": 4.17, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 2493, "reasoning_segments": 141, "is_high_qu... | |||
LOGI-5c28de3c1c55 | combinatorial | true | Medium | 全球范围内的森林通过光合作用吸收的碳多于其释放的碳，同时通过蒸发水分使气候冷却。这就意味着森林具有降温作用，所以说森林是显而易见的气候'冷却器'。
以下哪项如果为真，没有质疑上述观点：
I. 近十几年，一些地区不断增加林木植被，扩大森林覆盖率，但当地气候变暖并未改善
II. 高纬度的北方森林会产生萜烯，萜烯形成气溶胶后会阻挡阳光、形成云粒
III. 在山区或干燥地区，森林会降低地球的表面反射率，让地球反射回太空的入射光减少
IV. 树木释放的有机化合物中，包含一种名为异戊二烯的化合物，它能够与空气中的氮氧化物发生反应，形成强大的升温作用 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. III \u6216 I", "B. I \u6216 III", "C. \u53ea\u6709 II", "D. \u4ec5 IV", "E. IV \u6216 I"] | ["C"] | II | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 57.7 | LOGI-5c28de3c1c55 | {"gold_score": 57.7, "coherence_depth": 0.06, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 34, "logic_density": 0.93, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 1133, "reasoning_segments": 67, "is_high_qua... |
LOGI-24549cdae3a0 | base | false | base | All stones are rocks. Some rocks are bricks. Some bricks are cement. | Some bricks are stone. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | syllogism | {} | 60.17 | {"gold_score": 60.17, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 35, "logic_density": 1.76, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 5039, "reasoning_segments": 351, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-168920d6533b | base | false | base | A government organisation that monitors the trading of narcotics has recently released report, declaring tax evasion should be included in all treaties of extradition as an important step of fighting drug trafficking and money laundering. This organisation claims that, to fight international drug dealers, it is very Im... | It is usually better to have a good speaker who Is less of an expert than a poor expert who Is a real expert. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | abductive | textual entailment | {} | 66.94 | {"gold_score": 66.94, "coherence_depth": 0.14, "cognitive_entropy": 0.54, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 38, "logic_density": 2.15, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 1.0, "thinking_length": 3509, "reasoning_segments": 210, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-d7f4e22c7a46 | base | false | base | In a code language, 'start walk stop diet' is coded as '8% #21 3$7 *6', 'walk rest start bite' is coded as '#9 *6 2@9 #21', 'stop work diet rest' is coded as '^78 8% 3$7 #9', 'bite rest start diet' is coded as '2@9 #9 *6 3$7'. | ["A. #21 *4", "B. ^78 #21", "C. #9 &6", "D. $3 ^78", "E. 8% 7^"] | "D" | inductive | coding and decoding | {} | 78.76 | {"gold_score": 78.76, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.9, "dialectic_quality": 0.33, "abstraction_level": 2, "pivot_count": 47, "logic_density": 1.67, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 7730, "reasoning_segments": 600, "is_high_q... | ||||
LOGI-4aa1f5462fd6 | combinatorial | true | Hard | Deepak said to Nitin, 'That boy playing football is the younger of two brothers of the daughter of my father's wife.'
How is the boy related to Deepak?
I. Son
II. Brother
III. Cousin
IV. Brother-in-law | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 I", "B. \u975e III", "C. \u975e IV", "D. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "E. I \u6216 III"] | ["B", "C"] | II | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["NOT"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 58.32 | LOGI-4aa1f5462fd6 | {"gold_score": 58.32, "coherence_depth": 0.18, "cognitive_entropy": 0.16, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 32, "logic_density": 2.69, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 6616, "reasoning_segments": 316, "is_high_q... |
LOGI-8d087335dc35 | base | false | base | Have you ever set your mouth on fire by biting into a chilli pepper? The sensation is caused by capsaicin, a chemical compound that stimulates the mouths pain receptors, which in turn tell the brain you‘ve eaten something hot. The body reacts by perspiring and releasing endorphins, the feel-good effect of which perhaps... | The chemical compound capsaicin sends a message to the brain that something hot has been consumed. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 37.96 | {"gold_score": 37.96, "coherence_depth": 0.07, "cognitive_entropy": 0.66, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 18, "logic_density": 1.08, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.6, "thinking_length": 3734, "reasoning_segments": 240, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-e0fd9d9d7cfc | base | false | base | A thing of beauty can completely lack physical form. We find some experiences beautiful despite their lack of physical appearance and we find some theories beautiful despite them being ideas that lack any physical structure. Perfume is the only beauty product that just plays on the emotions. We cannot see a scent and d... | In the opening sentence of the passage when it is said that a thing of beauty can completely lack physical form it means that it lacks physical structure. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 92.5 | {"gold_score": 92.5, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 51, "logic_density": 1.4, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.9, "thinking_length": 12596, "reasoning_segments": 556, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-86baeb92f279 | base | false | base | The prudence rule, which is sometimes known as conservatism, arises out of the need to make a number of estimates in preparing periodic accounts. Managers and owners are often naturally over-optimistic about future events. As a result, there is a tendency to be too confident about the future, and not to be altogether r... | The prudence rule prevents bad debt from arising. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 39.65 | {"gold_score": 39.65, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 19, "logic_density": 2.28, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 1432, "reasoning_segments": 66, "is_high_qu... | |||
LOGI-3b50e9f6285c | base | false | base | "Music is natural medicine" is coded as "5#U 2^I 7&A 8*E"
"Eating vegetable makes healthy" is coded as "6$E 9=E 5#A 7&E"
"Health and Money balance" is coded as "6$E 3%A 5#O 7&A"
"Life extra wonderful now" is coded as "4@I 5#E 9=O 3%O" | What is the code for "Melody"? | ["A. 6$E", "B. 5^O", "C. 6%E", "D. 7&O", "E. None of these"] | "A" | inductive | coding and decoding | {} | 39.24 | {"gold_score": 39.24, "coherence_depth": 0.02, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 2, "pivot_count": 24, "logic_density": 0.33, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.3, "thinking_length": 8528, "reasoning_segments": 735, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-5b1410fbe181 | combinatorial | true | Medium | 某酒店张贴这样的标语：禁止携带易燃品、易爆品、危险品入住。
下列哪项所包含的逻辑关系与题干中的一样：
I. 许多农户养了鸡、鸭等家禽，大大增加了收入
II. 罗先生收藏了许多古代的工笔画、写意画、山水画
III. 花园里开着五颜六色的红花、黄花、粉花，甚为美丽
IV. 小红在文具店里购买了铅笔、橡皮、小刀等学习用品 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 I", "B. II \u4e3a\u771f", "C. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "D. I \u6216 III", "E. \u4ec5 IV"] | ["B"] | II | analogical | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 127.84 | LOGI-5b1410fbe181 | {"gold_score": 127.84, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 75, "logic_density": 1.45, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.9, "thinking_length": 11235, "reasoning_segments": 851, "is_high... |
LOGI-2ec9e865afbd | combinatorial | true | Medium | 某市举行春季音乐节系列活动，其中一项活动首次邀请了某知名交响乐团前来该市演出，该市交响乐爱好者对此十分期待。考虑到该乐团的影响力，主办方预计为期两天的交响乐团演出将"一票难求"。但开始售票后发现，实际情况并非如此。
以下哪项为真，最能解释这一情况：
I. 音乐节的其他活动吸引了许多观众
II. 交响乐未能被该市大部分群众所接受
III. 音乐节活动期间该市一直为阴雨天气
IV. 此次交响乐团演出门票价格过高 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. I \u6216 II", "B. \u4ec5 III", "C. II \u6216 I", "D. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "E. IV \u6216 I"] | ["E"] | IV | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": ["OR"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 102.43 | LOGI-2ec9e865afbd | {"gold_score": 102.43, "coherence_depth": 0.24, "cognitive_entropy": 0.84, "abductive_strength": 1.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 57, "logic_density": 3.55, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 6343, "reasoning_segments": 469, "is_high... |
LOGI-3ab8c1e1a137 | combinatorial | true | Easy | 鬲（lì）是古代一种煮饭用的炊器，有陶制鬲和青铜鬲，其形状一般为侈口（口沿外倾），有三个中空的足，便于炊煮加热。觚（gū）是古代一种用于饮酒的容器，也用作礼器，圈足、敞口、长身，口部和底部都呈现为喇叭状。卣（yǒu）是古代的一种酒器，口椭圆形，圈足，有盖和提梁，腹深。尊（zūn）是古代的一种大中型盛酒器，圈足，圆腹或方腹，长颈，敞口，口径较大。
下列4个图形依次为：
I. 觚、尊、鬲、卣
II. 尊、鬲、觚、卣
III. 觚、卣、鬲、尊
IV. 鬲、卣、尊、觚 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 I", "B. \u4ec5 II", "C. \u4ec5 IV", "D. III \u4e3a\u771f"] | ["D"] | III | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 4, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Easy"} | Easy | 44.1 | LOGI-3ab8c1e1a137 | {"gold_score": 44.1, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.36, "abductive_strength": 1.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 22, "logic_density": 1.71, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 5341, "reasoning_segments": 494, "is_high_q... |
LOGI-c0e46bdf84e7 | base | false | base | In a certain code language, codes are decided on the basis of following rules and conditions.
Rules:
1. All the consonants that appear before 'N' in alphabet series are to be coded as 0-9.(C =1, D= 2 and so on)
2. All the consonants that appear after 'N' in alphabet series are to be coded as 0-9.(Q=1, R=2 and so on)... | What is the code for "Highjacks"? | ["A. 5#456#173", "B. 5 + 456 +173", "C. 5^456$173", "D. 5 + 489 + 173", "E. 5 + 567 + 173"] | "B" | inductive | coding and decoding | {} | 68.56 | {"gold_score": 68.56, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 0.82, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 40, "logic_density": 1.54, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 12825, "reasoning_segments": 1058, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-c869e919b370 | base | false | base | Computing technology undoubtedly makes it possible for more people to spend more time working at home. It is easier nowadays to obtain information at home and to communicate with the workplace. Telecommuting, where people work predominantly at or from home and stay in touch using the phone, personal computer, fax, e-ma... | The advance of technology has increased the possibility for sales representatives to spend time working away from the office. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 67.7 | {"gold_score": 67.7, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 36, "logic_density": 1.75, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.6, "thinking_length": 5986, "reasoning_segments": 328, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-0599f9845f1a | base | false | base | A solid is any piece of matter that has a definite shape and volume. A liquid has no fixed shape but does have a definite volume. This means that you can drop a solid and, depending on how solid it is, it will keep its shape. If it is highly plastic then it may lose its original shape and be reshaped into another one b... | Two reasons are given as to why a solid may lose its shape if dropped. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 91.35 | {"gold_score": 91.35, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 54, "logic_density": 1.7, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.75, "fallacy_risk": 1.3, "thinking_length": 7805, "reasoning_segments": 418, "is_high_qu... | |||
LOGI-d04df770faa7 | base | false | base | Growth indicates improved motor performances with age. Growth is more than enlargement. Parts of the body change in relative size, glands and their secretion take on new functions and innumerable changes take place in the body’s microanatomy and biochemistry. Change in height and weight is most striking in early adoles... | Change of voice does not depend on the glandular function. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 51.24 | {"gold_score": 51.24, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.72, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 23, "logic_density": 1.31, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.7, "thinking_length": 5916, "reasoning_segments": 269, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-f94c86a2a136 | base | false | base | Ethicist: In general it is wrong to use medical treatments and procedures of an experimental nature without the patient's consent, because the patient has a right to reject or accept a treatment on the basis of full information about all the available options. But knowledge of the best treatment for emergency condition... | Which one of the following is an assumption required by the ethicist's argument? | ["A. Doctors often do not know what is best for their own patients in emergency situations.", "B. If patients knew that experimental treatments were being used in medical emergencies, it could adversely affect the outcome of that research.", "C. Nonconsensual medical research should be allowed only if the research is h... | "E" | deductive | argument analysis | {} | 42.24 | {"gold_score": 42.24, "coherence_depth": 0.3, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 18, "logic_density": 4.51, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 1474, "reasoning_segments": 83, "is_high_qua... | |||
LOGI-83c3230895d5 | combinatorial | true | Medium | Here are some words translated from an artificial language: geromea means false pretense, geneomo means clock radio, gimgene means alarm clock
Which word could mean false alarm?
I. gerogim
II. genegere
III. geromo
IV. geneoma | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. I \u4e3a\u771f", "B. I \u6216 II", "C. \u4ec5 II", "D. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "E. II \u6216 III"] | ["A", "B"] | I | inductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["OR"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 47.67 | LOGI-83c3230895d5 | {"gold_score": 47.67, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 26, "logic_density": 1.29, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 6087, "reasoning_segments": 386, "is_high_... |
LOGI-2ee5f0ad917e | combinatorial | true | Medium | 老年系数是指65岁及以上的人口数在总人口中所占的百分比；少年儿童系数是指14岁及以下人口数在总人口中的百分比；抚养比是指人口中非劳动年龄人数与劳动年龄人数之比（百分比），一般以15～64岁为劳动年龄，14岁及以下和65岁及以上称为非劳动年龄或被抚养年龄；老少比是65岁及以上的人口与14岁及以下人口数量之比（百分比）。
根据上述定义，下列说法正确的是：
I. 一般情况下，抚养比大于老年系数与少年儿童系数之和
II. 当社会总人口不变，劳动年龄人数增加时，少年儿童系数就会减少
III. 老年系数和少年儿童系数的乘积等于老少比
IV. 老少比通常表示的是每100名老年人对应多少少年儿童 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 III", "B. \u53ea\u6709 I", "C. III \u6216 II", "D. \u4ec5 IV", "E. I \u6216 IV"] | ["B", "E"] | I | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["OR"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 42.07 | LOGI-2ee5f0ad917e | {"gold_score": 42.07, "coherence_depth": 0.14, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 21, "logic_density": 2.12, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.75, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 2660, "reasoning_segments": 168, "is_high_... |
LOGI-406dbd190a80 | base | false | base | In each of the following questions, a group of letters is given followed by four combinations of digits/symbols labeled as (a), (b), (c) and (d). You have to find out which of the combinations correctly represents the group of letters based on the following codes and conditions and mark the correct option accordingly. ... | ["A. 7$73&9", "B. &$7379", "C. &$379", "D. &$737~", "E. None of these"] | "B" | inductive | coding and decoding | {} | 38.48 | {"gold_score": 38.48, "coherence_depth": 0.21, "cognitive_entropy": 0.24, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 18, "logic_density": 3.1, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 2210, "reasoning_segments": 178, "is_high_qu... | ||||
LOGI-6f1e915f1fff | combinatorial | true | Expert | 在以下5×5矩阵中，每个小方格中可填入一个汉字，要求每行每列均含有金、木、水、火、土5个汉字，不能重复也不能遗漏，根据已经给到的条件，矩阵中①所在方格中应填入的汉字是：
[题目描述的具体矩阵布局]
矩阵中①所在方格中应填入的汉字是：
I. 金
II. 火
III. 水
IV. 土 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u53ea\u6709 IV", "B. I \u6216 II", "C. IV \u6216 I", "D. \u4ec5 I", "E. \u975e I \u4e14\u975e II", "F. II \u6216 I"] | ["A", "C", "E"] | IV | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 6, "n_correct": 3, "operators": ["NOT", "OR"], "tier": "Expert"} | Expert | 40.08 | LOGI-6f1e915f1fff | {"gold_score": 40.08, "coherence_depth": 0.18, "cognitive_entropy": 0.48, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 2, "pivot_count": 19, "logic_density": 2.63, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 3898, "reasoning_segments": 353, "is_high_q... |
LOGI-bd890534a9df | base | false | base | The police are looking for a man aged about 30 who is suspected of committing an assault on a pair of senior citizens outside their home in Chapel Street, Northwell. The alleged assault occurred shortly after 23.00 hours on Thursday 8 July when the couple, Monica and Albert Smart, were returning home from a social even... | The police are looking for Bill James who is under suspicion for committing the assault on Albert and Monica Smart. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | situational judgement | {} | 98.98 | {"gold_score": 98.98, "coherence_depth": 0.13, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 56, "logic_density": 2.02, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.9, "thinking_length": 12602, "reasoning_segments": 799, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-acc6d887c62f | combinatorial | true | Hard | 我们通常需要7〜9小时的睡眠，过长的睡眠可能意味着健康隐患。过去十多年的随访结果表明，每晚睡眠时间长期超过9小时的老年人，患老年认知功能障碍的风险是同龄人的两倍。因此，长时间的睡眠是神经退行性疾病如老年认知功能障碍的早期生物学指标。
以下哪项如果为真，最能削弱上述结论：
I. 一些参与随访的老年人对自己的睡眠状况并不能准确描述
II. 因意外或其他疾病发生大脑损伤的老人会出现过度睡眠
III. 许多睡眠不足7小时的老年人也出现了老年认知功能障碍
IV. 神经退行性疾病的发生与大脑中聚集的一种蛋白有关，当人体试图清除这一蛋白时，需要更长的睡眠 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "B. II \u6216 IV", "C. I \u6216 III", "D. \u975e III", "E. \u975e I"] | ["B", "D", "E"] | II | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 3, "operators": ["NOT", "OR"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 168.79 | LOGI-acc6d887c62f | {"gold_score": 168.79, "coherence_depth": 0.21, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 100, "logic_density": 3.17, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 7522, "reasoning_segments": 500, "is_hig... |
LOGI-a210e850c845 | base | false | base | In 2007, 150 million people joined social network internet sites, a 400 per cent increase on the traffic in 2006. An energetic social networking industry has arrived but a business model has yet to emerge. The challenge for the industry is not how to attract users but how to make money. In particular they must work out... | While the passage states that a business model has yet to emerge it is clear from the passage that it is expected that revenue will be provided by advertisers. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 51.09 | {"gold_score": 51.09, "coherence_depth": 0.08, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 30, "logic_density": 1.2, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 2.0, "thinking_length": 8592, "reasoning_segments": 358, "is_high_qu... | |||
LOGI-e7c22c3905a2 | base | false | base | It was identified that in the 2008 Beijing Olympics over 50% of gold medallists from the UK were educated at private schools. Considering that only 7% of the UK population is educated at private schools, this means a disproportionate number of privately educated students are representing the UK in the Olympics. Over 30... | The majority of UK medallists were privately educated. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 40.15 | {"gold_score": 40.15, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 20, "logic_density": 1.78, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 3292, "reasoning_segments": 203, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-4722a274c8b0 | base | false | base | With over half a billion citizens in the European Union, the stability of its food market is important. The Common Agricultural Policy (also known as CAP) is an EU initiative designed to provide farmers with the economic support to help them withstand the outcomes of unexpected natural events like heavy rains, floods, ... | The EU has been collecting data on farms since before January 4th 2010. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 63.04 | {"gold_score": 63.04, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 36, "logic_density": 1.67, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.8, "thinking_length": 7786, "reasoning_segments": 372, "is_high_qu... | |||
LOGI-e31937529141 | base | false | base | It has been suggested that listening to music may develop an individuals imaginative ability. It can help people concentrate on thoughts, brainstorm ideas, help creativity in the formation of art and inventions and help people formulate solutions to complex tasks and theories. There have been examples of scientists who... | Listening to music will enhance a scientists creativity | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 39.18 | {"gold_score": 39.18, "coherence_depth": 0.14, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 22, "logic_density": 2.05, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 1.9, "thinking_length": 2309, "reasoning_segments": 106, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-24e6b213490e | base | false | base | Global ecological problems reduce to the problem of balancing supply and demand. Supply is strictly confined by the earth’s limitations. Demand, however, is essentially unlimited, as there are no limits on the potential demands made by humans. The natural tendency for there to be an imbalance between demand and sustain... | Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends? | ["A. Supply and demand tend to balance themselves in the long run.", "B. It is possible to determine the limitations of the earth\u2019s sustainable supply.", "C. Actual human demand exceeds the earth\u2019s sustainable supply.", "D. It is never possible to achieve a balance between the environmental supply and human d... | "C" | deductive | argument analysis | {} | 55.88 | {"gold_score": 55.88, "coherence_depth": 0.23, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 26, "logic_density": 3.46, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 4759, "reasoning_segments": 230, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-ceefa9309f87 | base | false | base | All tables are mirrors. Some mirrors are chairs. All chairs are glasses. | Some chairs are tables. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | syllogism | {} | 39.77 | {"gold_score": 39.77, "coherence_depth": 0.08, "cognitive_entropy": 0.3, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 18, "logic_density": 1.16, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 4724, "reasoning_segments": 281, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-b5b979711d5d | base | false | base | Waterways.At the height of the Industrial Revolution in the mid-19th century, huge quantities of coal had to be transported from the pithead for iron smelting, manufacturing and domestic use. Coastal shipping, navigable rivers and horse-drawn carts were either slow or restrictive in comparison to the new purpose-built ... | Stephensons locomotive succeeded because it could transport vast quantities of coal. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 86.45 | {"gold_score": 86.45, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.96, "abductive_strength": 0.9, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 47, "logic_density": 1.77, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.75, "fallacy_risk": 1.2, "thinking_length": 9884, "reasoning_segments": 425, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-25fe37cc4c52 | base | false | base | The aviation ministry has asked all airports in the country to install solar energy plants on the lines of the Kochi airport, the worlds first aerodrome that runs completely on solar power. | The airports will be able to save thousands of rupees in electricity bills. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | analogical | textual entailment | {} | 94.47 | {"gold_score": 94.47, "coherence_depth": 0.24, "cognitive_entropy": 0.9, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 53, "logic_density": 3.57, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.6, "thinking_length": 4520, "reasoning_segments": 233, "is_high_qu... | |||
LOGI-7efec340c857 | base | false | base | Ethicist: An action is wrong if it violates a rule of the society in which the action is performed and that rule promotes the general welfare of people in the society. An action is right if it is required by a rule of the society in which the action is performed and the rule promotes the general welfare of the people i... | Which one of the following judgments most closely conforms to the principle cited by the ethicist? | ["A. Amelia\u2019s society has a rule against lying. However, she lies anyway in order to protect an innocent person from being harmed. While the rule against lying promotes the general welfare of people in the society, Amelia\u2019s lie is not wrong because she is preventing harm.", "B. Jordan lives in a society that ... | "E" | deductive | argument analysis | {} | 77.47 | {"gold_score": 77.47, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 46, "logic_density": 1.82, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 2570, "reasoning_segments": 144, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-06399ae6381e | combinatorial | true | Hard | If P $ Q means P is father of Q; P # Q means P is mother of Q; P * Q means P is sister of Q. N # L $ P * Q
shows which relation of Q to N?
I. Grandson
II. Granddaughter
III. Nephew
IV. Data is inadequate | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 III", "B. \u975e I", "C. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "D. \u975e III", "E. IV \u4e3a\u771f"] | ["B", "D", "E"] | IV | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 3, "operators": ["NOT"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 44.45 | LOGI-06399ae6381e | {"gold_score": 44.45, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 0.48, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 2, "pivot_count": 24, "logic_density": 2.18, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 4088, "reasoning_segments": 288, "is_high_q... |
LOGI-2721aa23d843 | base | false | base | All minutes are seconds. All seconds are hours. No second is a day. | At least some hours are minutes. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | syllogism | {} | 38.15 | {"gold_score": 38.15, "coherence_depth": 0.18, "cognitive_entropy": 0.84, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 15, "logic_density": 2.7, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 4461, "reasoning_segments": 274, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-fcc5ffe5145a | combinatorial | true | Easy | honeybee : angel : bat :: kangaroo : rabbit : ?
I. mermaid
II. possum
III. grasshopper
IV. sprinter | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 I", "B. III \u4e3a\u771f", "C. \u4ec5 II", "D. \u4ec5 IV"] | ["B"] | III | analogical | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 4, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Easy"} | Easy | 59.49 | LOGI-fcc5ffe5145a | {"gold_score": 59.49, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.2, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.33, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 32, "logic_density": 1.42, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 7026, "reasoning_segments": 753, "is_high... |
LOGI-e0eff82545dd | base | false | base | Farmer: In the long run, it is counterproductive for farmers to use insecticides. Because insects’ resistance to insecticides increases with insecticide use, farmers have to use greater and greater amounts of costly insecticides to control insect pests. | Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the farmer’s argument by the proposition that farmers have to use greater and greater amounts of costly insecticides to control insect pests? | ["A. It is the argument\u2019s main conclusion, but not its only conclusion.", "B. It is a claim for which a causal explanation is provided and which itself is used as direct support for the argument\u2019s only conclusion.", "C. It is the argument\u2019s only conclusion.", "D. It is a claim that is used as direct supp... | "B" | abductive | argument analysis | {} | 47.11 | {"gold_score": 47.11, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 24, "logic_density": 1.57, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.8, "thinking_length": 6550, "reasoning_segments": 281, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-a3dcf21eaa35 | base | false | base | This passage provides information on the subsidising of renewable energy and its effect on the usage of fossil fuels. The issue of subsidising sources of renewable energy came to the forefront of global politics as record emissions levels continue to be reached despite caps on carbon emissions being agreed up by severa... | Government subsidiary could reduce renewable energy cost | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 48.76 | {"gold_score": 48.76, "coherence_depth": 0.08, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 24, "logic_density": 1.22, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 3800, "reasoning_segments": 158, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-84413e8834d4 | base | false | base | The indigenous Australians are the native people of Australia, also known as the Aborigines. It is believed that they arrived in Australia 50,000 years ago from South-east Asia. They lived a traditional life, which involved living in wooded areas and hunting animals with spears and boomerangs. This lifestyle would not ... | The British people claimed the Australian land because the Aborigines only lived in the wooded areas. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 38.73 | {"gold_score": 38.73, "coherence_depth": 0.08, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 17, "logic_density": 1.17, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.75, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 3540, "reasoning_segments": 137, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-3bda639a9037 | base | false | base | All lions are ducks. No duck is a horse. All horses are fruits. | Some fruits are horses. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | syllogism | {} | 51.4 | {"gold_score": 51.4, "coherence_depth": 0.21, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 23, "logic_density": 3.22, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 5887, "reasoning_segments": 333, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-34a4c93a007e | combinatorial | true | Easy | 为了解当下大学生对军事的关注程度，某教授列举了20种军事装备，请30位大学生识别。结果显示，多数人只识别出2到6种装备，极少数人识别出15种以上，甚至有人全部都不能识别。其中'海鹞战斗机'的辨识率最高，30人中有19人识别正确；'舰载式战斗机'所有人都未能识别。20种军事装备的整体识别错误率超过75%。该实验者由此得出，当代大学生对军事的关注程度并没有提高，甚至有所下降。
以下哪项如果为真，最能对该教授的结论构成质疑：
I. 教授选取的20种军事装备不具有代表性
II. 教授选取的30位大学生均不是军事院校的学生
III. '舰载式战斗机'这种战斗装备有些军事迷也未能识别
IV. 教授选取的30位大学生中约50%有对军事不感兴趣 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 IV", "B. \u4ec5 I", "C. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "D. \u4ec5 II"] | ["B"] | I | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 4, "n_correct": 1, "operators": ["EXACT"], "tier": "Easy"} | Easy | 136.33 | LOGI-34a4c93a007e | {"gold_score": 136.33, "coherence_depth": 0.2, "cognitive_entropy": 0.3, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 80, "logic_density": 2.98, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 3552, "reasoning_segments": 220, "is_high_... |
LOGI-eff230b31c35 | base | false | base | It is widely accepted that an individual European country’s inflation is of no relevance and that only the average inflation in the euro zone as a whole matters, since it is part of a common market. Thus, countries within that market are often grouped as a single entity for analytical purposes. According to this view, ... | A euro zone country can have major financial issues without necessarily damaging the economy of other member states. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 39.93 | {"gold_score": 39.93, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.54, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 20, "logic_density": 1.77, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 4311, "reasoning_segments": 221, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-e8f5b7c8154b | base | false | base | The right of those working in the public sector to strike splits opinion. Many private sector workers are of the opinion that the cost to tax payers and the consequences of delays or closures in services outweighs any benefit that may be achieved through industrial action. In addition to this, public sector employers h... | Government has a responsibility to deliver uninterrupted public services. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 38.27 | {"gold_score": 38.27, "coherence_depth": 0.07, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 19, "logic_density": 1.1, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 2897, "reasoning_segments": 124, "is_high_qu... | |||
LOGI-fcbef4b231c6 | base | false | base | Robbers pretending to be police officers physically assaulted and tied up three members of staff at a city centre nightclub before making their escape with a substantial sum of money. A police spokesperson said that four individuals entered the nightclub at approximately 2:15 am on Saturday 20 January just as the owner... | The robbery was carried out with the threat of violence but no one was hurt in the perpetration of the crime. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | situational judgement | {} | 42.84 | {"gold_score": 42.84, "coherence_depth": 0.06, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 23, "logic_density": 0.88, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 2786, "reasoning_segments": 109, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-c191993ad591 | base | false | base | The giant wind turbines on the nearby hill supply the community with 8 million kilowatthours of electricity each year. Several hundred homeowners have erected solar panels ontheir roofs to provide most of their summer-time hot water needs. Bio-waste is collectedfor fermentation to produce methane gas which drives a loc... | When the wind is blowing and the sun is shining, locally generated power accounts for most of this community's energy needs. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 46.09 | {"gold_score": 46.09, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 24, "logic_density": 1.44, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 3836, "reasoning_segments": 208, "is_high_qu... | |||
LOGI-749ac6a65dbf | combinatorial | true | Medium | If A + B means A is the brother of B; A - B means A is the sister of B; and A x B means A is the father of B
which of the following means that C is the son of M?
I. M - N x C + F
II. F - C + N x M
III. N + M - F x C
IV. M x N - C + F | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. II \u6216 I", "B. III \u6216 I", "C. IV \u6216 I", "D. I \u6216 II", "E. \u4ec5 I"] | ["C"] | IV | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": ["OR"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 52.3 | LOGI-749ac6a65dbf | {"gold_score": 52.3, "coherence_depth": 0.14, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 28, "logic_density": 2.11, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 5742, "reasoning_segments": 391, "is_high_qual... |
LOGI-35e4dae9c193 | base | false | base | An eminent science professor was found to be in possession of unidentified human body parts, which were stored in his room in the university. His colleagues recall the professor's obsession with his research projects over the past year, and called in the police when the professor's daughter-in-law went missing. It is a... | The professor could have killed his daughter-in-law for experimental reasons. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | situational judgement | {} | 118.38 | {"gold_score": 118.38, "coherence_depth": 0.33, "cognitive_entropy": 0.54, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 69, "logic_density": 4.99, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.3, "thinking_length": 3315, "reasoning_segments": 217, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-699e5e70f554 | base | false | base | The Ministry of Urban Development has launched a Smart National Common Mobility Card (NCMC) model to enable seamless travel by different metros and other transportation systems across the country besides being used for shopping as well. | Only one type of card will be used across the country | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 40.7 | {"gold_score": 40.7, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 18, "logic_density": 1.36, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 3567, "reasoning_segments": 165, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-22e0c5ca0f84 | base | false | base | Team captain: Winning requires the willingness to cooperate, which in turn requires motivation. So you will not win if you are not motivated. | The pattern of reasoning in which one of the following is most similar to that in the argument above? | ["A. Being healthy requires exercise. But exercising involves risk of injury. So, paradoxically, anyone who wants to be healthy will not exercise.", "B. Learning requires making some mistakes. And you must learn if you are to improve. So you will not make mistakes without there being a noticeable improvement.", "C. Our... | "C" | analogical | argument analysis | {} | 60.03 | {"gold_score": 60.03, "coherence_depth": 0.05, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.33, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 34, "logic_density": 0.81, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 3180, "reasoning_segments": 147, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-b3a304fb3090 | base | false | base | Four friends – Ram, Laxman, Bharat and Shatrughan were having a conversation. They were expressing their thoughts in a coded language. Ram says, 'le po ki ba' when he wants to convey that 'friends make life live'. Laxman says, 'te ki mo ba' when he wants to convey that 'without friends life impossible'. Bharat says, 'l... | ["A. le se", "B. ki le", "C. ki lo", "D. lo se", "E. None of these"] | "A" | inductive | coding and decoding | {} | 131.1 | {"gold_score": 131.1, "coherence_depth": 0.08, "cognitive_entropy": 0.28, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 79, "logic_density": 1.13, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 22986, "reasoning_segments": 1254, "is_hi... | ||||
LOGI-d073022438c7 | combinatorial | true | Medium | 只要引进高层次科研人才并投入充足的科研经费，就能够使一家研究院的科研实力得到显著提升。只有对现行的科研人才晋升制度进行改革，才能引进到高层次科研人才。某研究院经过几年的建设，但其科研实力并未得到显著提升。
假如以上说法均为真，下列选项可以判断真假的是：
I. 过去几年，该研究院一直没有对科研人才晋升制度进行改革
II. 过去几年，该研究院尝试对科研人才晋升制度进行改革，但没有成功
III. 过去几年，该研究院没有获得充足的科研经费，并且引进不了高层次科研人才
IV. 过去几年，该研究院可能没有引进高层次科研人才，也可能没有投入充足的科研经费 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "B. IV \u4e3a\u771f", "C. II \u6216 I", "D. \u4ec5 II", "E. III \u6216 I"] | ["B"] | IV | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 266.67 | LOGI-d073022438c7 | {"gold_score": 266.67, "coherence_depth": 0.47, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 162, "logic_density": 6.98, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 6294, "reasoning_segments": 423, "is_hi... |
LOGI-4ef0d2ad6847 | combinatorial | true | Medium | 近日，某款磁性笔销量大增，买家主要是中小学生。磁性笔大多由中小学生购买，靠的就是可随意变化出多种造型，很具娱乐性。磁性笔商家称。磁性笔能开发智力，寓教于乐，让孩子爱上写字，低龄的孩子也可以安全使用。
以下哪项如果为真，最能质疑商家的说法：
I. 该磁性笔磁力小部件重金属超标，可能对使用者造成危害
II. 某调查发现，初三的大部分学生认为磁性笔很无聊，是给小孩子玩的
III. 家长普遍认为，孩子上课只顾着玩磁性笔，听课效率比以前下降了许多
IV. 一个四岁孩子在玩磁性笔时不慎吞咽了散落的磁力小部件，造成肠穿孔 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. III \u6216 II", "B. \u4ec5 IV", "C. II \u6216 III", "D. IV \u6216 II", "E. I \u6216 IV"] | ["E"] | I | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": ["OR"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 48.25 | LOGI-4ef0d2ad6847 | {"gold_score": 48.25, "coherence_depth": 0.07, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.33, "abstraction_level": 2, "pivot_count": 29, "logic_density": 1.04, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 1241, "reasoning_segments": 79, "is_high_qu... |
LOGI-7d2c688104f2 | base | false | base | Though no heavy rain has been received in the city and water is receding from most areas in Chennai and massive relief operations are underway, the city is staring at an outbreak of epidemics with tones of stinking garbage littering the streets as bright sunshine further eased the situation. | Chennai needs proper planning to overcome heavy rains in the city. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 65.36 | {"gold_score": 65.36, "coherence_depth": 0.13, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 34, "logic_density": 1.95, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.8, "thinking_length": 5990, "reasoning_segments": 345, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-8cf426aaf0e9 | base | false | base | Fact 1: All drink mixes are beverages. Fact 2: All beverages are drinkable. Fact 3: Some beverages are red. | All beverages are drink mixes. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | syllogism | {} | 132.08 | {"gold_score": 132.08, "coherence_depth": 0.19, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 77, "logic_density": 2.81, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.9, "thinking_length": 8712, "reasoning_segments": 470, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-3a9d24a08df6 | base | false | base | At 01.35 on Saturday 9 February a middle-aged man was rushed to All Saints Hospital with serious face injuries. He is in a critical state in intensive care. Police are looking into the incident which resulted in his injuries. The only other facts known at this stage are: There were 14 cm of snow on the pavements in the... | The victim was Denis Fraser. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | situational judgement | {} | 40.27 | {"gold_score": 40.27, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 18, "logic_density": 1.65, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 5555, "reasoning_segments": 316, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-8543b692a736 | base | false | base | All Lamels are Signots with buttons. No yellow Signots have buttons. | No Lamels are yellow. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | syllogism | {} | 54.44 | {"gold_score": 54.44, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 26, "logic_density": 2.31, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 3255, "reasoning_segments": 262, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-b15ccd2e204a | combinatorial | true | Easy | 甲乙丙丁四人涉嫌某案被传讯。甲说：作案者是乙。乙说：作案者是甲。丙说：作案者不是我。丁说：作案者在我们四人中。如果四人中有且只有一个人说真话
则下列哪项成立：
I. 作案者是甲
II. 作案者是乙
III. 作案者是丙
IV. 题干中的条件不足以断定谁是作案者 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 II", "B. \u4ec5 III", "C. IV \u4e3a\u771f", "D. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb"] | ["C"] | IV | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 4, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Easy"} | Easy | 140.63 | LOGI-b15ccd2e204a | {"gold_score": 140.63, "coherence_depth": 0.26, "cognitive_entropy": 0.84, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 82, "logic_density": 3.89, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 1.0, "thinking_length": 11948, "reasoning_segments": 880, "is_h... |
LOGI-5856b08bf2e8 | combinatorial | true | Medium | Officers Roberts and Reed are on bicycle patrol in the downtown area. Sergeant McElvey tells them that a white male has been committing robberies along the nearby bike path by stepping out of the bushes and threatening bicyclists with an iron pipe until they give him their bicycles. There have been three separate incid... | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. I \u6216 II", "B. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "C. \u4ec5 I", "D. \u4ec5 III", "E. IV \u6216 I"] | ["D"] | III | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": ["EXACT"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 129.72 | LOGI-5856b08bf2e8 | {"gold_score": 129.72, "coherence_depth": 0.19, "cognitive_entropy": 0.54, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 74, "logic_density": 2.91, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 10225, "reasoning_segments": 544, "is_hi... |
LOGI-29a046fa384f | combinatorial | true | Hard | 超极化：指先列举一种比较极端的情况，然后再列出更为极端的情况，从而达到层层推进效果的表达手法。
下列不属于超极化的是：
I. 扶桑已在渺茫中，家在扶桑东更东
II. 洞天有路不知处，绝顶异香难更闻
III. 怕说万山天样远，房陵更在万山西
IV. 平芜尽处是春山，行人更在春山外 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 II", "B. \u975e IV", "C. \u4ec5 III", "D. \u975e III", "E. \u4ec5 IV"] | ["A", "B", "D"] | II | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 3, "operators": ["EXACT", "NOT"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 50.1 | LOGI-29a046fa384f | {"gold_score": 50.1, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 25, "logic_density": 1.6, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 5356, "reasoning_segments": 424, "is_high_q... |
LOGI-0bc144e3865e | base | false | base | Waiter Evan needs to serve entrees (fried eggs, hamburger, cheeseburger, vegetable burger, soup, ham sandwich) to customers in chairs 1-6. Rules: Non-sandwiches at 3 & 4; Cheeseburger and hamburger not adjacent; Chair 5 won't sit next to ham eaters; Vegetable burger between fried eggs and cheeseburger, not chair 2; Ham... | To which customer should Evan serve the soup? | ["A. chair 1", "B. chair 2", "C. chair 3", "D. chair 4", "E. chair 5"] | "C" | deductive | argument analysis | {} | 111.1 | {"gold_score": 111.1, "coherence_depth": 0.18, "cognitive_entropy": 0.58, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 65, "logic_density": 2.7, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 18825, "reasoning_segments": 1696, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-ad31888d73bb | combinatorial | true | Easy | 科学家选择了两块'受伤的雨林'——原生雨林被砍光，在失去土壤韧性后又被用来放牧，最终长满了一种被称为'栅栏草'的入侵植物，原生雨林没有机会喘息与再生。研究人员将其中一块地均匀覆盖上近半米的咖啡果肉，另一块土地则什么也不做，任其自然。两年之后，两块地发生了迥然不同的剧变：被咖啡果肉覆盖的那块，'栅栏草'已经完全消失，取而代之的是本应属于这里的热带树种的年轻树冠；而另一块地则依然被'栅栏草'霸占着。由此可见，咖啡果肉有助于热带雨林的生态恢复。
以下各项如果为真，除哪项外均能支持以上结论：
I. 覆盖咖啡果肉是一次'集中施肥'的过程，能够使土地更有韧性，生产恢复能力更佳
II. 咖啡果肉是制作咖啡豆后的废料，其味道会吸引食草型动物前来觅食... | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "B. \u4ec5 I", "C. \u4ec5 III", "D. II \u4e3a\u771f"] | ["D"] | II | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 4, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Easy"} | Easy | 118.96 | LOGI-ad31888d73bb | {"gold_score": 118.96, "coherence_depth": 0.27, "cognitive_entropy": 0.42, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 71, "logic_density": 4.06, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 5454, "reasoning_segments": 336, "is_high... |
LOGI-7921d6104923 | base | false | base | A company's environmental policy typically has a profound impact upon its standing in the community. There are legal regulations, with stiff penalties attached, which compel managers to ensure that any waste products are disposed of without contaminating the air or water supplies. In addition, employees can be educated... | Managers breaking environmental regulations receive heavy personal fines. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 42.69 | {"gold_score": 42.69, "coherence_depth": 0.13, "cognitive_entropy": 0.36, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 23, "logic_density": 1.88, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.7, "thinking_length": 3866, "reasoning_segments": 194, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-5ceeb7c1e0b4 | base | false | base |
Element 7 2 A D 6 8 O 3 J I V 5 E 4 P 9
Code $ @ < X } / & * > Y % # Z ! ? Q
Condition 1:
If first element is a vowel and last element is a number then the codes are to be interchanged.
Condition 2:
If first element is a consonant and last element is a vowel then both of them are to be coded as middle element.
C... | What would be the code of 'E6IVP27'? | ["A. $}%Y?@Z", "B. $?%}Y?@", "C. $}Y%?@Z", "D. Z}Y%?@$", "E. None of these"] | "C" | inductive | coding and decoding | {} | 39.66 | {"gold_score": 39.66, "coherence_depth": 0.13, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 2, "pivot_count": 22, "logic_density": 1.91, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 5829, "reasoning_segments": 570, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-f92d934bdba4 | base | false | base | This stamp is probably highly valuable, since it exhibits a printing error. The most important factors in determining a stamp's value, assuming it is in good condition, are its rarity and age. This is clearly a fine specimen, and it is quite old as well. | The conclusion is properly inferred if which one of the following is assumed? | ["A. The older a stamp is, the more valuable it is.", "B. Printing errors are always confined to a few individual stamps.", "C. Most stamps with printing errors are already in the hands of collectors.", "D. Rarity and age are of equal importance to a stamp's value.", "E. Even old and rare stamps are usually not valuabl... | "B" | deductive | argument analysis | {} | 149.3 | {"gold_score": 149.3, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 93, "logic_density": 2.23, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.3, "thinking_length": 3459, "reasoning_segments": 205, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-df30a6219fb1 | base | false | base | Statement: The government is planning to put a cap on premature withdrawal of provident fund (PF) money. The employees Provident Fund organization (EPFO) has proposed that an employee be allowed to withdraw only 75% off the overall kitty, instead of 100% as permitted earlier. | People who tend to withdraw PF money between jobs or those planning to use it for either buying a house for paying medical bills will not be able to withdraw the money | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 44.79 | {"gold_score": 44.79, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.33, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 22, "logic_density": 2.19, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.6, "thinking_length": 1706, "reasoning_segments": 99, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-839ec3d248b4 | base | false | base | No house is an apartment. Some bungalows are apartments. | No house is a bungalow. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | syllogism | {} | 42.44 | {"gold_score": 42.44, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 0.24, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 18, "logic_density": 2.29, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 2853, "reasoning_segments": 165, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-95fe4e3d5d1f | base | false | base | Taking recreational drugs in the privacy of your own home should be no one else's business but your own and yet the government has made it illegal. Millions of law- abiding citizens have used recreational drugs. Studies suggest that some 10 million people have used recreational drugs at some stage of their lives and 2 ... | It is not true to say that people who use recreational drugs are law-abiding citizens. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 56.65 | {"gold_score": 56.65, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 0.78, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 29, "logic_density": 1.48, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 9182, "reasoning_segments": 508, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-f7b67df42253 | base | false | base | A few 'Safe As Houses' alarms have been redesigned in an attempt to reduce the large number of complaints where alarms have sounded by accident. One of the new types of alarm is less sensitive than its predecessors. Studies have shown that these newer alarms are rarely activated for no apparent reason. 'Safe As Houses'... | The new alarm systems should reduce the number of accidental soundings by at least a half. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 42.15 | {"gold_score": 42.15, "coherence_depth": 0.14, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 21, "logic_density": 2.04, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 1913, "reasoning_segments": 92, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-e47966996cbe | base | false | base | All brushes are chocolates. All chocolates are mirrors. All mirrors are tables. | Some tables are brushes. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | syllogism | {} | 42.25 | {"gold_score": 42.25, "coherence_depth": 0.21, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 19, "logic_density": 3.15, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 1.4, "thinking_length": 6142, "reasoning_segments": 382, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-f61d8d187bb2 | base | false | base | Twice as many people live till they are 100 in France as in Britain. Yet the two coun- tries have similar sized populations and have diets with similar amounts of fat. In fact life expectancy is considerably better in France from the age of 65 onwards and it seems that lifestyle and diet may have a lot to do with it. L... | Even if twice as many people in France see their centenary it may be that very few people live to see their 100th birthday in either country. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 80.7 | {"gold_score": 80.7, "coherence_depth": 0.24, "cognitive_entropy": 0.48, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 46, "logic_density": 3.56, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 2.6, "thinking_length": 4212, "reasoning_segments": 236, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-a8a58de352a0 | base | false | base | Most employees are attracted by the job-related perks and many employers nowadays provide fringe benefits for their staff. Unfortunately, the majority of these perks are taxable, depending in some cases on an employee's position within an organisation and their level of remuneration. The emphasis in the taxation system... | Senior managers' fringe benefits will be taxed more heavily than those of non-managerial staff. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 39.25 | {"gold_score": 39.25, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.33, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 20, "logic_density": 1.54, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 1.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 1714, "reasoning_segments": 92, "is_high_qua... | |||
LOGI-6e7697f412a8 | base | false | base | A study that followed the health of 420,000 people who had used a mobile phone for an average of eight and a half years, in an effort to investigate the common fear of a link between their use and cancer, has published its findings. Some of the group had used a mobile since they were first introduced 20 years ago, and ... | If true, the fact that more than 15,000 tumours occurred in the sample would weaken the conclusion of the passage. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 65.68 | {"gold_score": 65.68, "coherence_depth": 0.16, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 36, "logic_density": 2.36, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 8596, "reasoning_segments": 462, "is_high_qu... | |||
LOGI-85b87e0cac7d | combinatorial | true | Medium | 作为一种户外运动，徒步正成为越来越多人的生活方式。徒步者们大多喜欢走在美丽清新的城市近郊、乡村荒野、风景名胜或国家公园中。为什么有些现代人喜欢徒步？这是他们热爱自然、回归自然的表现，徒步者希望通过回归自然获得内心的宁静。
以下哪项如果为真，不能质疑上述观点：
I. 很多人希望通过徒步来锻炼身体，增强活力，促进身体健康
II. 徒步者反对现代社会所推崇的'速度'价值，希望自己的生活'慢下来'
III. 徒步容易激发创造力，很早就被人作为潜心思考或科学发现的重要方式
IV. 国家公园、带薪休假、行走文学等要素的出现，让现代人徒步成为可能 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 II", "B. \u4ec5 IV", "C. \u4ec5 I", "D. \u4ec5 III", "E. III \u6216 I"] | ["B"] | IV | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": ["EXACT"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 115.53 | LOGI-85b87e0cac7d | {"gold_score": 115.53, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 69, "logic_density": 2.2, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 1722, "reasoning_segments": 125, "is_high_q... |
LOGI-c3ef2f55dace | base | false | base | From October 2006, The Employment Equality (age) Regulations make it illegal to discriminate against workers, employers, jobseekers and trainees due to their age. Direct discrimination is set out in the regulations, and states that it is unlawful, on the grounds of age, to come to a decision about employing someone or ... | A job vacancy specifically advertising for graduates is a form of discrimination | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 85.48 | {"gold_score": 85.48, "coherence_depth": 0.21, "cognitive_entropy": 0.78, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 45, "logic_density": 3.15, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 5983, "reasoning_segments": 322, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-388f079bb417 | base | false | base | Crude oil stocks are closely monitored by traders to establish the markets natural supply and demand levels. Hoarding was a major factor in the high crude prices in the 1970s and evidence is again suggesting that hoarding is fuelling current record high crude prices. Crude stocks had fallen because refiners had adopted... | If hoarding is supporting high crude prices then one would expect prices to fall back once hoards have been established. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 70.18 | {"gold_score": 70.18, "coherence_depth": 0.22, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 35, "logic_density": 3.37, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.6, "thinking_length": 5693, "reasoning_segments": 287, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-8cf7a1ccfa50 | base | false | base | At the moment of GTC, like other European producers, is able to relieve at least some of its over-capacity by exporting, partly to Central America. A decade from now, that region will be largely self-sufficient and trade will be starting to flow the other way. However, for GTC investors, the companys recent restructure... | Central America will, in the future, begin to export less to Europe. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 60.81 | {"gold_score": 60.81, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 34, "logic_density": 1.5, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.75, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 4256, "reasoning_segments": 252, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-a22ca310db88 | base | false | base | A government organisation that monitors the trading of narcotics has recently released report, declaring tax evasion should be included in all treaties of extradition as an important step of fighting drug trafficking and money laundering. This organisation claims that, to fight international drug dealers, it is very Im... | To a large extent, intelligence is inherited. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 40.83 | {"gold_score": 40.83, "coherence_depth": 0.06, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 22, "logic_density": 0.97, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 2948, "reasoning_segments": 199, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-8375535989e1 | base | false | base | At the moment of GTC, like other European producers, is able to relieve at least some of its over-capacity by exporting, partly to Central America. A decade from now, that region will be largely self-sufficient and trade will be starting to flow the other way. However, for GTC investors, the company’s recent restructur... | Central America will, in the future, begin to export less to Europe. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 65.5 | {"gold_score": 65.5, "coherence_depth": 0.06, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 38, "logic_density": 0.92, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.75, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 4300, "reasoning_segments": 269, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-94fc437973b3 | base | false | base | All rings are necklaces. No necklace is a bracelet. | All necklaces are rings. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | syllogism | {} | 83.95 | {"gold_score": 83.95, "coherence_depth": 0.13, "cognitive_entropy": 0.48, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 46, "logic_density": 1.9, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.3, "thinking_length": 4883, "reasoning_segments": 279, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-80b048b0f080 | base | false | base | Due to Private Finance Initiatives (PFIs), schools and hospitals are being built that the government would otherwise not be able to afford. PFIs are currently preferred by government over traditional public procurement for the building of schools, hospitals, social housing and prisons. Straight public procurement is no... | Given the advantages of PFI over public procurement it is hard to imagine that public procurement will again be used to fund the building of public buildings. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | abductive | textual entailment | {} | 42.73 | {"gold_score": 42.73, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 23, "logic_density": 1.79, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.9, "thinking_length": 3164, "reasoning_segments": 194, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-e90431e7890e | base | false | base | On the evening of 3 November a mother and daughter were found dead in their two-bedroom flat in Diswich. Both victims had suffocated and the police are treating the incident as suspicious. It is also known that: The victims were Mary Cauld, aged 24 years, and Sarah Cauld, aged 6 years. Mary Cauld's father had recently ... | Gary was the first person to find the two dead bodies. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | situational judgement | {} | 64.39 | {"gold_score": 64.39, "coherence_depth": 0.14, "cognitive_entropy": 0.54, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 34, "logic_density": 2.08, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.8, "thinking_length": 5146, "reasoning_segments": 359, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-32da13a5cedb | combinatorial | true | Easy | 虽然现在有些哺乳动物间存在社群行为，但生物学界过去普遍认为，哺乳动物的祖先都过着独居生活，直到约6600万年前恐龙灭绝后才出现社群行为。最新生物学研究发现了哺乳动物的一个新属——鼠形多瘤齿兽类的化石样本，并推测有些哺乳动物早在恐龙灭绝前就有了社群行为。
以下哪项组合最能支持上述推测：①测年研究证明，鼠形多瘤齿兽类化石样本存在于7500万年前；②鼠形多瘤齿兽与现存掘穴社群哺乳动物兔子之间存在亲缘关系；③现有发掘出的洞穴中，都有同期多个鼠形多瘤齿兽类跨代个体骨架；④不同年代的鼠形多瘤齿兽类化石样本均在方圆500公里内被发现
I. 仅①③
II. 仅①④
III. 仅②③
IV. ①②③④ | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 I", "B. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "C. \u4ec5 III", "D. \u4ec5 IV"] | ["A"] | I | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 4, "n_correct": 1, "operators": ["EXACT"], "tier": "Easy"} | Easy | 41.68 | LOGI-32da13a5cedb | {"gold_score": 41.68, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 0.3, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 18, "logic_density": 2.28, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.9, "thinking_length": 4741, "reasoning_segments": 429, "is_high... |
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